The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUE§DAY EVE NINvG, JULY 7, 1846.

MAGAZINES CONTINUED.
HEATH'S GALLERY OF BRITISH EN-

GR A VING S. Part, X. and XI.
P,,rtrait, landscape, and domestic or incidental en-
gravings, are here collected together, with fly-leaves of
appri priate letterpress. Mr. Charles Heath, in su-
perintending this publication, is by no means
injuring his reputation ; on the contrary, each
engraving is worthy of this age of advancement in
the fine arts. Lady Charles Beauclerk and the Mar-
chioness of Douro—one the beauty of hilarity, the other
of pensiveness--have faces delightful to contemplate;
and their portraits are here given with an air of
extreme naturalness.

PICTORIAL GALLERY OF ARTS. Part XVIIL
From its profusion of wood-cuts, and its useful com-
pilation of antiquarian matter, this periodical is wholly
apart from rivalry. It is extraordinary how so much
excellence can be produced for three groats.

THE TI?'Y LIBRARY, Part IV.
This is a dainty little series, eminently suited for the
amusement and instruction of children. Some of the
engravings are tastefully and delicately designed ; and
the literary contributions are singularly varied.

POLITICAL DICTIONARY. Part XIII.
This elaborate and admirable production proceeds
with its accustomed ability, and has now nearly com-
pleted the letter S. When finished it will form a
standard work.

THE COMIC HISTORY OF ENGLAND. No. 1.
By Gilbert Abbott a Beckett.
What possibly shall we say of this ? That it is the
very extravagance of comicality—that it is brim full,
and running over with fun—that its drollery is the
very excess of drollery, and its facetiousness the very
acme of facetiousness? Or shall we borrow a phrase
from the United States, and call it a "screamer ?" We
might do all this, and yet not convey a sufficient notion
of the performance of either Mr. I Beckett or Mr.
Leech. How, for example, shall we convey a notion of
the "Landing of Julius Caesar," as drawn by John
Leech—with the British barbarians seated on bathing-
machines, and Csar coming gallantly on shore on the
paddle-box of a steam-boat, himself attired in breast-
plate, tunic, hessians, and a green frock-coat, a la Napo-
leon? or of the Druid having a quiet game of cricket
with Time, a bit of Stonehenge forming their wicket ?
As a specimen of the historian's style of narration, we
give the following :
The swords of the early Britons were made of copper,
and generally bent with the first blow, which must have
greatly straitened their aggressive resources, for the
swords thus followed their own bent, instead of carrying
out the intentions cf the persons using them. This pro-
voking- pliancy of the material must often have made the
soldier as ill-tempered as his own weapon. The Britons
carried also a dirk and a spear, the latter of which they threw
at the foe, as an effectual means of pitching into him, &c."
In mentioning the victory achieved by Carausius, Mr.
a Br cke tt says that 4' the Roman eagles were put to flight,
and both wings of the imperial army exhibited the white
feather." Again in describing the advance of Agricola
across the Frith of Forth, our historian observes that he
(Agricola) "'came opposite to Fife, which was played
upon by the whole of his band with considerable energy."
With such comical conceits we conceive this "History
of England", will achieve a solid good; it will impress
the facts of history upon the memory of the reader much
more vividly and pleasantly than any other abridgement,
not even excepting Oliver Goldsmith's.

LOVT'E'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.
The character of the renowned " Scottish preacher,"
John Knox, tested by his private correspondence, is
concluded in the present number. From the celebrity
of its subject it will attract much observation. As a
vehicle of literature this magazine proceeds with
ability, but as the exponent of a religious creed we are
sorry to observe that it mistakes abuse of other
Christians for an argument in favour of its own
polemical opinions. A mere rodomontade against
another religion tends only to the degradation of the
vituperator, and excites sympathy for the very cause
which he is anxious to .render obnoxious Let the
editor of this publication never forget that the noblest
characteristic of Christianity is meekness and brotherly
love.

the legislative adoption of free trade, concede to its i
bitterest antagonists the !need to which they are so I
fully entitled ; we must give them credit, as we have
already elsewhere done, fur the display of extraordinary
abilities. No one could listen to the impassioned and
sometimes lofty oratory of Lord Stanley in the pas-
sage of the Corn Importation Bill through the Upper
House, without regret that such rhetorical brilliancy
' and fervour of mind should be squandered away upon a,
theme so ineffably worthless ; nor could any dispas-
si.nate man listen to the sarcastic and even witty vitu-
perations of Mr. Disraeli without a hope that that
honourable gentleman would ultimately perceive the
fallacy of his present opinions, and the glaring invidi-
ousness of his personalities to Sir Robert Peel. Al-
though there was something sinister in the language
then used by Mr. Disraeli, we trusted that that charac-
teristic of his proceedings as a debater would be, in the
end, dissipated ; and we could not acknowledge to our-
selves the possibility that the House would in his
instance (as he erroneously anticipated it would to the
then Premier) "seal with the stigma of parliamentary
reprobation the catastrophe of a sinister career I" We
could not acknowledge to ourselves the possibility of
such an occurrence ; nor can we now. We are fain to
augur better things for Mr. Disraeli, because we long to
behold his undoubted talents turned to their right use.
Now that the political world is emerging from storms
and turmoils, opportunities will present themselves for
redeeming his recent blunders. As the working of a
free-trade system developes itself the Protectionists will
behold their error—their peevishness will subside, and
their animosities die away. The author of " Sybil" and
"Coningsby" will, we hope, triumph in the end over the
assailant of that great Patriot and Statesman, Sir
Robert Peel. The Oxiord and Cambridge Review ap-
pears to have renovated its strength under the auspices
of Lord John Manners.

PRODUCTION OF COAL IN THE

DIFFERENT STATES OF EUROPE.
After iron there is certainly no produce of the mineral
kingdom which exercises a greater influence on our com-
mercial relations than coal.
The following is a statistical sketch of the produce of
that article in the different countries of Europe:—
England possesses the richest veins of coal, both as
regards quality and quantity; they form a line from the
south-west to north-east. In Northumberland and
Durham, from the Tweed to the Tees, coal abounds at
Whitehaven, in the hills of Cumberland, in Yorkshire.
and in Lancashire. The most abundant mines are in
Wales. _ _ _

The consumption of coal in England and in exporta- I
tion is so great, that it has often been asked if the mines
would be exhausted; but, according to calculations made
in proportion to the present consumption, they could not
be exhausted under 1500 years—the yearly consump-
tion in Great Britain is 20,000,000 to 21,000,000 tons.
The exportation increased in the following propor-
tions:—ln 1830, 505,421 tons; in 1832, 588,450 tons; in
1834, 621,256 tons ; in 1836, 1,101,000 tons ; in 1838,
1,413,800 tons ; in 1840, 1,162,300 tons ; in 1842,
2,120,000 tens; and in 1844, 2,410,000 tons.
The number of miners exceeds half a million.
English coal is to be had in every part of the civilised
world; there are depots at Rio Janeiro, at Odessa, at
Archangel, and at Constantinople.
France does not produce enough coal for her own con-
sumption, and is obliged to import. She possesses 250
mines, of which 182 are worked, and which rendered in
1844, 72,000,000 cwt. of coals, to the value of 21,000,000 f.
(840,0001.) The produce is increasing, as in 1815 they
only rendered 17,000.000 cwt. ; 40,000 men are em-
ployed in the mines, and traffic belonging to them ; in
1842, the importation of coal into France amounted to
16,718,328 cwt.
France imports her coal from Belgium, England, and
the Prussian provinces on the Rhine.
Spain draws but slight profit from her abundant
mines. The principal mine is in the Sierra Morena—
the produce is not known. They import but little. In
some of the principal Spanish ports there are depots of
English coal for the steamers.
In Portugal there are depots at Figuiers, at Coimbra,
and near Oporto.
The principal mines of Italy, which produce annually
from 149,000 to 150,000 cwt., are in the Savoy, and near
Genoa. The others scattered over the Penninsula are
of little value, and there are depots of English coal in
th

,e principal ports.
Belgium possesses immense mineral riches ; in this
country production increases. In 1831, the produce
amounted to 42,800,000 cwt., and in 1844, it reached
84,232,420. In 1844, the exportation amounted to
1,050,000 tons, a value of about six million florins
(600,0001.)
Holland has no coal mines. There is a single mine in
the county of Limberg. They import all their coal from
England, Belgium, and the Prussian provinces.
Switzerland, though rich in metals, has very little coal,
and imports a quantity from England. The only mine
of any value in this country is at Hochefeld: in 1845, it
produced 514,969 cwt.
Norway has no coal mines. In Russia the production
of coal does not exceed 800,000 punds. It seems that
between the Don and the Dnieper, and in Siberia, there
are rich coal mines, and the Government are now taking
measures to turn them to account.
Denmark has one insignificant mine at Bornholm, and
imports nearly all her coal from England.
Austria is rich in coal mines, but the produce is not
iu proportion with the number of her mines The an-
nual produce of coal in Austria is at least 12,000,000
cwts.; in 1843 it did not exceed 9,000,000. Of this
amount Bohemia produces about one-half; Moravia,
2,000,000; Austria, 1,500,000; Styria, 1,000,000; Ca-
rinthia and the districts of Ogragno, a little more than
500,000; Hungary, 600,000; the coast lands (Kusten-
land), 600,000; Galicia, 3,000; Lombardy, a very small
quantity.
Coal mines exist in nearly every province of the mo-
narchy. in Bohemia there are veins of this mineral all
along the river Beraun, in the north of the districts of
Klattan, Pisen, and Rakovitz, to the neighbourhood of
Prague. There are coal mines in the Erzgebirge, in the
valleys of the Eger and the Biela, and at the foot of the
Riessengeberge. from Schatzlar to Landskron.
The principal mines of Moravia are in the district of
Brunr, near Rossitz and Oflovan, and the coal near the
mouth of the Oder is of a superior quality. In the
Archduchy there are mines near NY ieper, Neustadt,
Klingeufurt, Grunbach, and Gloggnitz ; in Styria, near
Leoben, and Fohnsdorf ; in Carinthia, in the valley of
the Levan, and in the neighbourhood of Prevali ; in
Dalmatia ; in Lombardy, in the districts of Como and
Pavia ' • in Tyrol, near Haring ; and in Hungary, in the
Carpathian Mountains.
In 1814, Austria exported 973,065 cwt., of which
703,262 cwt. were sent from Bohemia by the Elbe to
Saxony, 25,433 cwt. to Turkey, 23,210 cwt. to Southern
Germany, and 20,542 cwt. to Prussia.
Prussia possesses 540 coal mines, giving employment
to 25,000 workmen. The produce, in 1844, amounted to
53,000,000 cwt., or a value of 4,500,000 dollars (675,0001.).
In 1841, Prussia imported 3,865,944 cwt., principally
from England. Her exportation was 6,903,474, to Hol-
land, France, and Poland.
In Bavaria the produce is not what it might be; there
are 40 extensive coal mines, principally in her Rhenish
provinces; the produce is about 1,200,000 cwt.
In Saxony the mines are worked with zeal; the pro-
duce amounts to about 4,000,000 cwt.
There are extensive mines near the forest of Thuringen.
The Grand Duchy of Baden possesses some valuable
coal mines.
In the kingdom of Hanover there are coal mines
which occupy more than 1,000 workmen.
Wirtemberg is poor in this respect. The Grand Duchy
of Hesse, the Duchy of Nassau, the Grand Duchies of
Mecklenburg and Olembourg do not possess coal mines.
In the Electorate of Hesse there are some valuable mines,
producing annually about 900,000 cwt.
Generally speaking, the production of coal in Europe
is susceptible of being greatly developed, especially in
some parts of the Austrian dominions. It is true that
during the last few years much has been done, but there
is still much more to do.
The produce of coal in Europe amounts annually, on
a rough calculation, to 120,000,000 florins, or 12,000,000/
sterling.—Austrian Lloyd's Gazette.
ig ',ll 11

Some disturbances took place on the 30tL ult., at
Verdun, in consequence of tha populace being irritated
against the bakers for raising the price of bread. The com-
mandant has since received permission from the Minister of
War to place at the disposition of the bakers part &the
military stores; and the mayor has published a procluma-
flan declaring that measures have been taken by the muni-
cipal authorities in favour of the indigent classes. • "
NEATH.--OUTRAGE ON A MEDICAL GENTLEMAN.—
Between the hours of twelve and one o'clock on the night of
Saturday last Mr. Evan Leyson, surgeon, of Neath, was
travelling on horseback on the turnpike-road near Cadoxton,
on his return after having visited a patient, when he was
attacked by five men, who assaulted him most violently.
After having been severely beaten, Mr. Leyson called out,
entreating them to desist, at the same time observing that
he had but one eye, and if they persisted in their brutality
much longer they might deprive him of the other. On this
the parties appeared to recognise him, for one of them ex-
claimed, " Oh, it is Mr. Leyson." All then instantly de-
camped. Mr. Leyson, who bad sustained considerable, but
we are happy to learn not severe injuries, returned to the
Green Dragon public-house, Ca
ho mdoxtonlt ,
is evident tbhuetpaarstineos
had mistaken Mr. Leyson for some other person, on whom
they had intended wreaking their vengeance. Various
rumours
certain
clue
ee
haseur inrbeenetn orbetfeeirneend7 to
ito
wouldtheirn
identity,ot
be
prudent to
refer more in detail to the reports which are in circulation.—
Cambrian.
SELF-ACTING BALL. —We have been informed that
Mr. F. Stone, watchmaker, of Cardiff, has invented a self-
acting ball, that will run on a level, and keep in motion for
an indefinite number of (say 1,000) years, and that the in-
ventor feels confident he could construct one of a ton weight,
on the same principle, to run any distance.—Bristol Mercury.
A PUBLIC .HOUSE TAKEN BY BEES.—On Friday
an unusually large swarm of bees, either from accident or de-
sign, alighted on the top of a chimney at Mr. Peskin's,
Royal Oak Inn, B, ieriy-hill, and appeared to make an at-
tempt to settle. However, in a few seconds, the bulk of the
living mass went down the chimney into a bed-room, where
two females epos b, engaged at their toilette, who, as
might be supposed, were dreadfully terrified at the formida-
ble appearance of their unbidden guests; one of them, we
are sorry to say, was much injured from the stings of the
intruders as she attempted to escape. The house was de-
serted in a few seconds, and the landlord in vain offered
various sums of money to any one who could rid the pre•
mises of h is unprofitable customers.— Worcestershire Guardian.
lIERTFORD FAlR.—This fair was opened yesterday
for the sale of stock, free of all tolls. Cattle brought in was
limited, and the prices rather on the decline. The business
was chiefly confined to lean cattle and horses. Beasts for
grazing ranged from 10/. to 131. a head, and some Scotch
runts sold at 71. and 9/. each. Cows to calve down went as
low as 91. and 11/. a head, and heifers 81. and 9/. Good much
cows, large framed, fetched from 12 to 15 guineas, the small
calf inclusive. In the horse-field, good sound cart horses
sold at prices varying from 16 to 18 and 20 guineas each, and
nags of the best description fetched from 16 to 18 guineas.
The pig pens were scantily filled.
The. Lynn demonstration to Lord George Bentinek
is said to be fixed for the 11th of August, and, it is fur-
agreed to preside.
therstated that the Earl of Oxford hay

COURT CIRCULAR.
The Queen held a Court and Privy Council yesterday
at Buckingham Palace.
Sir Robert Peel had an audience of her Majesty.
The Earl of Aberdeen had an audience of the Queen,
and resigned his seals of office as one of her Majesty's
Principal Secretaries of State.
The Earl Delawarr had eh audience of her Majesty.
Lord Lyndhurst (who came attended by Mr. Perry,
his Lordship's principal Secretary) delivered the Great
Seal to his Sovereign.
The Earl of Haddington had an audience of the Queen
and resigned the Privy Seal. _ _ .

Sir James Graham had an audience of her Majesty,
and resigned his seals of office as oue of the Principal
Secretaries of State.
The Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone had an
audience of the Queen, and resigned his seals of office
as one of her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State.
The Right Hon. Henry Goulburn had an audience of
her Majesty, and resigned his seal of office as Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer.

L.3rd Granville Somerset had au audience of the Queen,
and resigned his seal of office as Chancellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster.
After the departure of Sir R. Peel, the Earls of Aber-
deen and Haddington, Lord G. Somerset, Lord Lyndhurst,
Sir J. Graham, and Messrs. Goulburn and Gladstone,
the new Ministers assembled at the Palace.
Lord John Russell had an audience of the Queen.
Lord Cottenham had an audience of her Majesty and
kissed hands on being appointed Lord Chancellor.
Lord Campbell had an audience, and had the honour
to kiss hands on being appointed Chancellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster.
The Marquis of Lansdowne had an audience of the
Queen, and kissed hands on being appointed Lord Pre-
sident of the Council.
The Queen held a Privy Council. It was attended
by his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Marquis of
Lansdowne, Lord Cottenham, the Earl of Minto, Lord
John Russell, Earl Grey, Viscount Palmerston, Sir
George Grey, Lord Campbell, Earl of Auckland, Earl
of Besborough, Lord Morpeth, Marquis of Anglesey,
Sir John Hobhouse, Marquis of Clanricarde, the Right
Hon. T. B. Macaulay, the Earl of Clarendon, and the
Right Hon. Fox Maule.
Lord Cottenham was sworn into office as Lord Chan-
cellor, and received from the Queen the Great Seal.
The Marquis of Lansdowne was declared by the
Queen in Council Lord President of the Council.
The Earl of Minto was sworn into office as Lord Privy
Seal, and received his seal of office from the Queen.
Her Majesty in Council was pleased to declare the
Right Hon. John William, Earl of Besborough, Lieu-
tenant-General and General Governor of that part of the
United Kingdom called Ireland.
The Queen having been pleased to appoint the Right
Hon. Henry Earl Grey, the Right Hon. Henry Viscount
Palmerston, and the Right Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart.,
to be her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, they
were by command of the Queen sworn into office.
Lord Campbell was sworn into office as Chancellor of
the Duchy of Lancaster.
The Queen in Council was pleased to appoint the
Right Hon. George Earl of Clarendon, to be President of
the Committee of Council, appointed for the considera-
tion of all matters relating to trade and foreign planta-

tions.
The Most Noble Francis Duke of Bedford and Mr.
Charles Wood were, by command of the Queen, sworn
of her Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, and
took their respective places at the Board. The Right
Hon. Charles Wood received from the Queen his seal of
office as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and had the
honour to kiss hands.
The Marquis of Anglesey, K.G., kissed hands on
being appointed Master General of the Ordnance.
The Hon. William Bathurst was the Clerk of the
Council in Waiting.
After the Council, Sidi Ahmed, Envoy Extraordinary
from the Pacha of Tunis, was presented to the Queen at
an audience by Viscount Palmerston, her Majesty's
principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
Her Majesty gave audience to Lord John Russell.
Mr. Dawson, Clerk of the Council, and Registrar of
the Duchy of Lancaster, was in attendance at the Court
on Lord Campbell.
On the Lord Chancellor (Cottenham) leaving her
Majesty's presence, the purse containing the Great Seal
1 was carried before him by Mr. Haines, who held the
same official situation under his Lordship when in office

before.
The Court was attended by the Lord Steward, the
Lord Chamberlain, the Master of the Horse, the Groom
of the Stole to Prince Albert, the Vice-Chamberlain,
the Captain of the Yeoman Guard, the Treasurer of the
Household, the Comptroller of the Household, Viscount
Hawarden, Lord in Waiting ; and Mr. R. Ormsby Gore,
Groom in Waiting.
Her Majesty will hold a Privy Council to-morrow
(Wednesday) afternoon, at Buckingham Palace at half-
past two o'clock.
The royal dinner party yesterday, at Buckingham
Palace, included her Royal Highness the Duchess of
Kent, his Serene Highness the Brince of Leiningen, his
Excellency Sidi Ahmed, Envoy Extraordinary from the
Paella of Tunis, Captain Sidi Ahmed, Ben Turkia
(A.D.C.), Meyer .the Chevalier Raffo (interpreter),
Lady Augusta Bruce, Baroness de Speth, Earl Dalawarr,
and Viscount Palmerston.
The band of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards
attended during dinner, under the direction of Mr.
Tutton, and performed the following pieces :
Overture—" Nabucodonosar' —Verdi.
Pot Pourri—Zuhlner.
Selection—" Ernani"—Verdi.
Pot Pourri—"Nationale"—Lanner.
Overture—" Stradella"—Flottow.
The Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal visited
the Duchess of Kent yesterday.
After the Privy Council yesterday afternoon, Lord
John Russell attended at his official residence as First
Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Sir George
Grey (Secretary), and Sir William Somerville (Under-
Secretary), attended at the Home-office. The Marquis
of Lansdowne attended at the Council-office. Earl
Grey attended at the Colonial-office. The Right Hon.
Charles Wood attended at his office as Chancellor of the
Exchequer, in Downing-street. The Earl of Clarendon
attended at the Board of Trade. Mr. 'Henry Tufnell and
Mr. Parker (Secretaries), attended at the Treasury.
The Duke mad Duchess of Cambridge visited the
Duchess of Kent yesterday.
Sir Robert Peel returned to his residence in White
hall-gardens at an early hour yesterday from Drayton
Manor.
The Commissioners of Metropolitan Improvements
had a meeting yesterday. There were present Vis-
count Canning, the Lord Mayor, Mr. Hope, Sir R.
Inglis, Sir C. Lemon, Hon. C. Gore, and Mr. Milne.
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a
Committee-meeting yesterday. There were present the
Bishops of London, Bath and Wells, and Lichfield, the
Earl of Devon, and the Right Hon. H. Hobhouse.
The Right Hon. H. Goulburn returned to town yes-
terday morning from Cambridge.
Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
office, from the Governors of the West India Colonies.

FRENCH PLAYS, ST. JAMES'S
THEATRE.
It was expected that last evening Mademoiselle Rachel
would have made her debut in the character of Camille
in Corneille's tragedy of Horace. Mr. Mitchell, we
believe, was in anxious expectation of the arrival of
Madame Rachel until a late hour in the afternoon, when
he received information that she had been taken sud-
denly ill at Lille, where she was fulfilling an engage-
ment. This cruel disappointment was announced to the
public by the following placard, which was posted on the
door of the theatre.
" St. James's Theatre, Monday, July 6.
" Mr. Mitchell much regrets to announce that in con-
sequence of the
SUDDEN ILLNESS OF MADLLE. RACHEL,
the performances advertised for this evening must be
unavoidably, deferred. The certificate announcing
Mademoiselle Rachel's illness is dated from Lille and
signed by
" M. MAILLOT, Medecin en Chef de
l'Hopital de Lille.
" M. LEONARD, Docteur en Medicin
de la Faculte de Paris.

" And countersigned by
" M. PAILLARD, Maire de la Ville de Lille.
" The indulgence of the subscribers and the public
is in consequence respectfully solicited."
Mademoiselle Nazet, and M. Lafont, were, how-
ever, at hand, and Mr. Mitchell was fortunately en-
abled to avail himself of their services. For the per-
formances advertised there were substituted Le Chevalier
du Guet, with Lafont and Cartigny. La Lisette de
Beranger, a scene acted by Mademoiselle Dejazet.
The second act of Gentil Bernard, with Mademoiselle
Dejazet, and M. Lafont, and the farce of Passé Minuit.
with Cartigny and Tourtois. Never didseveral
artistes act better, and the audience seemed well pleased
that an opportunity had been afforded them of again
seeing the fascinating Dejazet in two of her favourite
characters. The illness of Mdlle. Rachel, and the con-
sequent extra representation of Mdlle. Dejazet last
evening, will cause no alteration in the performances an•
nounced for Mr. Mitchell's benefit on Wednesday, when
Mdlle. Dejazet will perform for the last time this
season.

RAVENSNEST ; OR, THE RED SKINS. BY J. FENI-
MORE COOPER, EsQ.—We are requested to state that this
new romance by the celebrated author of " The Pilot,"
" The Spy," &c. (the publication of which has been so long
and anxiously looked for), is published this day by Mr.
Bentley, of New Burlington-street, and may now be had at
every library, in three vols. post, Bvo. The following new
works of fiction have also been just published by Mr.
Bentley :-2. The Debutante ; or, the London Season, by
Mrs. Gore, 3 vols.-3. Second Love. From the Note-book
of a Traveller, 3 vols.-4. Memoirs of a Femme de Chambre,
by the Countess of Blessington, 3 vols.-5. Belford Regis, by
Miss Mitford, forming the New Volume of " The Standard
Novels and Romances," one vol. 6s.
THE FIRE AT NEWFOUNDLAND.—The losses sustained
by the principal London insurances offices, particularly the
Phoenix, London, Imperial, Royal Exchange, and Sun, by
the recent fearful conflagration at Newfoundland, exceed, it
- is stated, 100,0001.

AMERICAN NEWS.
ARRIVAL OF THE CAMBRIDGE.
LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.

The packet-ship Cambridge, Captain Barstow, arrived in
the Mersey this morning, with intelligence from New York
of the 17th ult. inclusive.

The presentation of the Oregon treaty to the Sehate had
been delayed, in consequence of the resignation, by Mr.
Allen, of the chairmanship of the Committee on Foreign
Affairs. Mr. Allen, it appears, desired to discuss the original
communication of the President upon the subject with open
doors. An unsuccessful attempt had been made in the
lower branch of Congress to excite public feeling against the
terms of the compromise.
The New Tariff Bill had at length come before Congress
for discussion, backed by a message from the President,
urging the necessity of revising the commercial system of
the Union, in order to meet the increased expenditure result-
ing from the Mexican war. The President also recommended
an additional issue of Treasury notes.

We have no further accounts from the seat of hostilities.
Exchange on London, 108 to 10814, three months.

(From the correspondence of the New York Sun.)
WASHINGTON, JuNit 16.—The treaty was not sent into
the Senate yesterday, owing to the resignation of the Chair-
man of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. The vacancy
will be supplied by an election to-day, when this document
will be transmitted. It will be necessary to refer it to that
committee for their reasons for recommending its adoption,
which will be embodied in a formal report.
Mr. Walker, having recovered from his illness, will lay
his communication before the Senate to-day on the tariff and
the finances. It will recommend an increase of duty on tea,
coffee, and other articles, from 20 to 30 per cent., which he
estimates will afford an increase of three or four millions of
dollars in the revenue. An issue of 12,000,000 dollars in
Treasury notes will also be recommended in preference to
a loan. .

Open Deposit
Accounts.

MALT DUTY.
The following are extracts from the evidence given ,/-:•`?
by Charles Barclay, Esq., before the Select Committee
of the House of Lords, appointed to inquire into the
burthens affecting real property (which evidence has 04•44(YaSAWSz"
just been issued by order of Parliament):—
" Charles Barclay, Esq., called in and examined. .
" You are well acquainted with the operation of the -
malt duty?—l am.
"Do you think the malt duty causes a great diminn- - <<
tion in or restricts very much the demand tor barley ?
To a small degree, I presume, it must, by increasing the wa -
r.
price.
" Supposing the malt duty to be entirely taken off,
could you give any idea of the diminution in the price of
beer that would be produced?—Yes, it would be a half-
penny a quart; a quart now selling for 3ici.
You are speaking of a particular kind of beer ?
Yes, porter ; it is the common drink of London.
" Beer, of course, almost amounts to a necessity with
the mass of the population 7—The common drink of
London is porter, which is sold at 31d. a quart.
" In consequence of the reduction of a halfpenny per
quart, you imagine there would be a considerably in-
creased consumption of porter ?—I should not call it a
considerable, there would be an increase. _ _

" Can you give any idea what that increase would
amount to? No; but it may be estimated, because, in
the year 1829, the beer duty was taken off of 10s. a
barrel, and there was a considerable increase upon that
occasion in the consumption in London.
" What was the diminution per barrel when the duty
was taken off ? It was 12s. ; the duty had been only
10s., and we took off 12s. - -
" What would that be in the quart ?—A penny.
" That was in the year 1829 ?—Yes.
" It came into operation in the year 1830 ?—Yes.
" Was there any great difference in the consumption
between the year 1829 and the year 1830 ?—I cannot 'J
tell you upon any great scale. I can tell you as far as
my own brewhouse is concerned ; I think it was one-
third more.

" Therefore do you draw the conclusion, that if the
reduction of a penny per quart increased the demand
by one-third, a reduction of a half-penny would increase
it one-sixth ?—lt is a lair inference ; but when I look at •
the return of the malt duty Ido not see how that increase
could be made up.
" Are you not aware that the malt duty has not in-
creased in proportion to the general increase of the
population?—lt is worse than that, because I hold in
my hand a return of the malt duty since 1837; and I
see the duty charged was 5,500,000 quarters in 1837;
and in 1844 it is only 4,600,000 quarters.
" To what do you attribute the falling off of the malt
duty ?—First of all, beer is almost entirely exploded
from the tables of gentlemen's families. I remember
30 years since there was strong ale and bottled stout at
dinner, and now it is hardly ever seen, and there is no
3,000 or 4,000 gallons of October ale brought into our
cellars. I have a cellar made for that purpose, but there
arc now only three or four barrels of beer in it, and a
little porter. Then another thing is the price of wine.
I was talking to a person who is a °Teat maltster, and he
was speaking of the custom of his'family, whichiis very
general ; they drink wine instead of beer—Marsala, and
all those cheap wines. Then there is coffee ; and there
is in every public-house now soda-water and ginger-beer,
and various other liquids. The people are certainly a so-
berer set, take them altogether. They do not drink so much
beer; they drink other things. I do not know whether your
lordships were aware of the extra tax that was laid on
barley at one, time, in the year 1803, when the malt duty
was put on the last time. Every quarter of malt paid
a duty of 345. Bd., from which three barrels and a half
of beer were brewed, paying a duty of 10s. per barrel.
Thus the whole duty of malt and beer on a quarter of
barley up to the year 1816 was 31. 9s. Bd. per quarter.
" Then the present duty is about one-third the ante-
cedent duty, taking the beer and malt together ?—Yes,
it is now 21s. Bd.
" But the consumption, instead of keeping pace with
the reduction of the duty, on the contrary, has rather
diminished ; and that, you think, has been from the
causes you have stated 2-1 imagine those to be the
causes. Mr. Goulburn has often asked me about it, and
I never could account for it in any other way.
"In your opinion, who pays the malt duty ? Does it
fall solely on the consumer of beer, or does it fall upon
the brewer and the farmer ?—I should imagine upon the
consumer of beer.
" Entirely ?—Yes, I think so.
" You said that if foreign barley were admitted you
should make use of it ; why would you make use of it ?
—Because I imagine we should get it cheaper.
" have you made any calculation to what extent you
would be likely to get foreign barley, of the same
quality, at a cheaper rate ?—I have not. I have upon
wheat imagined the difference, but not barley, but I
should say, 3s. or 4s.
" Of the same quality ?—Yes, I should think so ; be-
cause my calculation is, that wheat will be about 7s. a
quarter cheaper in consequence of the alteration of
the law.

"You are aware that the proposed alteration is a re
duced duty for the next three years, and perfectly free
trade afterwards ; do you apply your observation to the
perfectly free trade or the intermediate stage ?—Per-
fectly free trade.
" What do you call the present price of wheat ?—I
believe it is about 58s.
" Then it might come down to about 51s. ?—Yes.
" Can you state at all what are the relative qualities

)

of foreign barley and of the barley which you at present
buy for the use of your house ?—I have seen it; but my
son, who is now the manager of the brewery, spoke of it
as being quite as good as some of the home-grown
samples.
" You are aware that maltsters giving bond for the
payment of their duties are allowed eighteen months'
credit now for those duties ; in the event of their selling
within eighteen months, do they not obtain a supposed
return of the duty which they have not paid?—A great
portion of the maltsters are supplied with capital from
that cause.
" That is, in fact, an introduction of so much Govern-
ment capital in aid of the private capital of those indi-
viduals?—Yes.
"Your great establishment is insured is it not?—Yes.
" Have you any objection to state to what amount?—.
I suppose about 300,0001. or 400,000/.
" Do you think that the great London brewers would
be benefited, or otherwise, by a repeal of the malt duty ?
—I should think they would not be benefited, beeause we
must lower our prices; and, as a matter of trade, you.
take everything at a per centage; therefore, if we are to
sell a barrel of beer for 275. instead of 335., it would be
no benefit to us.
" Would it not let in a large competition of smaller
dealers ?—No ; they cannot beat us. At the time that
the duty was taken off beer, when Mr. Goulburn brought
in a Bill to throw the trade open, I believe my neigh-
bours hardly believed me in the House when I got up
and expressed my satisfaction at the measure, and said
that we were nut at all afraid of those beer-shops. The
effect of it was with us comparatively trifling. There
was a sum of money lost,'but nothing to signify.
" How would it be with the great maltsters; would it
be for their interest to repeal the whole of the duty?—l
do not know that it would. The reason I should give
is this—That the duty increasing the price of the malt
gives a greater power to the great capitalist. There-
fore, the little maltsters would lose the benefit which
has been mentioned, of having capital supplied them by
the duty; and the great maltsters would not have the
advantage which they get from their capital.
" You are of opinion that repealing the malt duty
would be a great loss to the revenue, and that that loss
would not be compensated by a sufficient advantage to
the consumers of beer in the country ?—That is my de-
cided opinion.
" 1)o you generally purchase the barley, and turn it
into malt, or do you allow your maltster to purchase for
you ?—We use about 120,000 quarters of malt, rather
more, and we buy above 30,000 in the market ; all the
rest is made by our agents, and we have persons in
various parts of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Hertfordshire, to
purchase barley and to make malt. "
Do they buy barley for you, subject to your ap-
proval ?—Ne ; we trust to our agents., They buy the
very best description they can get. They haven com-
mission of 2s. a quarter for making and for their at.-

tendance.
The only barley that comes at all for consumption
into the great breweries is the best class barley ?—I
think generally so.
" Is that owing mainly to the amount of the duty
which is paid upon malt, which would press so much
more heavily on the inferior kind than upon the better
kind ?—Yes. I have stated, and I believe it to be so,
that inferior barley would not bear a heavier duty."

HERTFORD.—A NEW USE HAS BEEN SUGGESTED FOR
THE KeEcraw TELEGRAFH.—A child was accidentally
drowned in the New River at Ware on Wednesday, and on
the body being recovered the usual means were employed tc
restore animation. The little sufferer was revived sufficiently
to recognise his friends, but soon afterwards expired. In
reference to this a correspondent of the local paper sug-
gests that " had the surgeon been called earlier the chances
of perfect restoration of the patient would of course have
been proportionately increased; but the purpose of my ad.
dressing you, Mr. Editor, is to call the attention of the
faculty to a resource of the highest importance in all cases
of suspended animation from drowning, apoplexy, or
phisaxation, which is that of properly-directed cur-
rents of galvanism, easily to be derived from the tele-
graphic conductors at every station, if persons attached to
the establishment would humanely consent. Pr. Bodin, of
Paris, has by recent trials of galvanism restored persons pro-
nounced by the most intelligent medical men perfectly dead;
all previous attempts at resuscitation—such as warmth, fric..
tion, the appropriate administration of carbonate of ammo-
Ma (a most efficient stimulus in such cases) proving ineffec-
tual. It is, therefore, desirable that our medical professors
take a note of this discovery, and lose no time in endeavour-
ing to arrange with the telegraphic directors, that they shall
be at liberty at each station to have the conducting wires .
and apply them to patients in cases requiring this kind of
electricity. Such an application of the telegraphs will far
exceed in utility the working of the pendulums, and add
another triumph to the discover of the important means 0
transmitting to an immeasurable distance with the velocity
of lightning, thus verifying the observation of Dr. Franklira,
when asked the utility of a new discovery—" What du you
expect from a new born Child?"
A CAB-DRIVER KlLLED.—Yesterday morning, about
two o'clock, a cab was overturned in the Hampsteail-road
near Chalk Farm-lane, by running "on .a.hank by the. road-
side, and the cab-driver was pitched from his seat into the
road, and killed instantaneously. The poor fellow was found
lying with the shalt of the cab resting upon b.im,- and he did
nut move after he was discovered. It is saippoHed that be
was returning from setting down a fare .at Hanapstead, and
that having fallen. asleep, the horse, wh:ich was a blind one,
ran on to the bank.
FATAL ACCIDENT ON lIIIE LVZ.DS AND THIRSK RAIL-
WAY.—On Tuesday mo'ining a man named Russell was acci-
dentally killed by a fall of earth at Kirskill, where a large
hill is being reme-ged, to make the embankment across the
valley of the 't; harfe. A. great number of men are engage 4!
on the spot.
de-
ceased, Viio was so me.ch bruised by the falling earth_ that 1,,i c
, but no one. else suffered serious injury but_esurviMl only a few moments. Russell was a nuddle :fig,
mar and married.--)Leeds ,Intellipencer.
, , ....

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS, July 6.

The Earl of SHAFTESBURY took his seat upon the 1
Woolsack at Five o'clock, when there was a very full at-
tendance of Peers. We observed that Lord Stanley,
the Duke of Richmond, Lord Lyndhurst, the
Duke of Buckingham, the Marquis of Londonderry,
Earl St. Germans, Lord Brougham, Lord Stradbroke,
Lord Combermere, and the other Noble Lords had
passed over to the Opposition benches. The Marquis of
Lansdowne and Earl Grey were the only Peers, who, up
to five o'clock, took their seats upon the Ministerial
benches.
MESSAGE FROM THE COMMONS.
Messengers from the Commons brought up certain
railway and other Bills.
At a quarter past five o'clock Lord COTTENRAM
took his seat upon the Woolsack, and many Peers went
up and shook hands with the Noble Lord, congratulat-
ing him.
LUNATIC ASYLUMS BILL.
The Duke of RICHMOND presented a petition from
Glamorganshire, praying for certain alterations in the
Lunatic Asylums Bill. It was ordered to lie upon the
table.
Other messengers from the House of Commons brought
up certain Bills, the reception of which occupied a con-
siderable portion of time.
Lord BROUGHAM presented a petition from a pri-
vate gentleman in Southampton, complaining of the
injuries which a proposed railway would inflict upon his
property.
MINISTERIAL ARRANGEMENTS.
The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said, that consider-
ing the present state of circumstances, and the number
of new writs which had been moved for in the other
House of Parliament, it would be quite inexpedient to
transact any public business ; he would be therefore
quite prepared to move that the House at its rising do
adjourn until some day next week, were it not that
there was an immense quantity of private business to
be transacted. He would, therefore, not move an ad-
journment, but that the House should continue to sit, it
being expressly understood that no public business
should be transacted—the House only to hear motions
with reference to private business, and to receive pe-
titions.

Lord STANLEY thought that it would be incon-
venient for them to sit at four o'clock, and that the
usual hour would be much preferable.
The Marquis of LANSDOWNE had no objection to
accede to the suggestion
, of the Noble Lord, that they
should meet at five o clock.
Lord BROUGHAM said that it. was quite impossible
for them to adjourn, for the judges had to meet there
for the purpose of giving judgment in two important
causes, and they could not do so in the event of the
House adjourning for a week.
MANCHESTER MARKETS BILL.

On the motion of the Duke of RICHMOND, this Bill
was read a third time and passed.
Messengers from the Commons brought up several
Bills and prayed their Lordships' concurrence.
Their Lordships then adjourned till to-morrow at five
o'clock.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, July 6.

The SPEAKER. took the Chair at Pour o'clock.

NEW WRITS.
Mr. TUFNELL moved that new writs be issued for
the following places:—
CHESTER.

In the room of John Jervis, Esq., who had accepted
the office of her Majesty's Solicitor• General.
SOUTHERN DIVISION OF THE COUNTY

OF STAFFORD.
In the room of the Hon. J. Anson, who had accepted
the office of Clerk to the Ordnance.
TOWER HAMLETS.

In the room of Charles R. Fox, Esq., who had ac.
cepted the office of Surveyor to the Ordnance.

GLOUCESTER.
In the room of Frederick Fitzhardinge Berkeley, Esq.,
who had accepted the office of one of the:Commissioners
for performing the office of Lord High Admiral of
England.