The Sun.
London, England, 1848-02-19 00:00:00

THE SUN LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, FEERVARY 19, )84s.

I trust, wh,en my Hon. Friends reflect, and when they
find how very small is the increase contemplated, the
alarm they have expressed will subside. I should also
wish to defend my Noble Friend from the attack which
has been made on him in regard to our relations with
France. When it is the duty of a Minister of the
Crown to propose an addition either to the militaxy or
to the naval force of the country, he must assign the
grounds on which that addition is required. And the
only grounds on which you measure the amount of your
naval force must, on the one band, be the extent of
your commerce and the number of distant possessions
you have to protect; and, on the other hand, the
comparative force other countries possess—other coun-
tries with which it is possible you may, in the course
of events, be placed in a state of hostility. So far from
its affording any cause of offence to France that we
should measure our navy by such a standard, I am sure
any one who follows the debates in the French Cham-
bers, when their naval estimates come under discussion,
must know that they follow the same course, adopting the
natural and only measure in such cases, namely, the
naval force which other nations may happen to have at
the time. I therefore deny that anything which fell
from my Noble Friend the First Lord of the Treasury
can bear the meaning attempted to be cast upon it. In
fact my Noble Friend expressed sentiments in which I
concur, and I am confident the House concurs. He
expressed in the strongest terms his anxiety and
desire that the relations between these two countries
should not only be friendly, but should be as intimate
as possible. I think there is one thing essential for
preserving that friendly relation. It is, that we
should be on a footing of equality. There is no true
or permanent friendship between nations unless they are
on a looting of reciprocal independence. The passions
by which nations may, from time to time, be animated,
are attended with great danger. I consider, therefore,
that any Government which proposes to place this
country in a state of defence, not against war, but against
unexpected surprise, is laying the surest foundation for
the maintenance of that peace which we desire to see
preserved. lam not one of those who indulge in an-
ticipations of war between this country and France. I
believe, with the Hon. Gentleman, that the principles
of free trade will tend to preserve friendly relations
between different nations. At the same time our
commercial relations with France are not exactly
those which we should desire ; but France is not
an exporting country of corn, and other circum-
stances do not afford us the same opportunity of en-
larging our commerce with France as with other na-
tions. But I look to the general tendency of men's minds
towards peace, and I differ from the Hon. Member
for the University of Oxford, who thinks that the long
duration of peace renders war more profitable; I think,on
the contrary, that the duration of peace renders its con-
tinuance more likely, and will make countries more dis-
posed to settle their differences otherwise than by war;
so far, therefore, from thinking that the long duration of
peace will hasten war, lam led to infer from it the pro-
bability of its continuing, rather than its being curtailed.
If there be any two nations in the world who ought more
than others to desire to be upon the most intimate terms,
they are the English and French nations. Any men at
the head of the Governments of these two nations who
consider the real interests of both must see that those in-
terests will be best promoted by relations of friendship
and peace between them, and by the prevention of any
misunderstandings that :night lead to a rup-
. Lure. I trust that W 3 are fated to see a
) long continuance of the blessings of peace
which we have so long enjoyed ; and if any-
) thing more than another could render peace pre-
carious, it would be the measure of leaving this cowl-
' try—a country rich and opulent as it is—unprotected,
or without adequate means of defence, so as to invite
other nations to take advantage. of our weakness. I
consider, therefore, the measures proposed as not de •
serving the representations made of them, as extra-
ordinary armaments, whereas armaments they are
none. I think that this country, in time of peace, ought
to have the means of providing against any unforeseen
attack.
The formal motion which the Chancellor of the
Exchequer had submitted, on going into Com-
mittee of Ways and Means, that the sum, of 8,000,000/.
be granted as a supply to her Majesty, was then agreed
to, the resolutions proposed by Lord John Russell
being reserved for further discussion on Monday se'n-
night.
Mr. HUME gave notice that should the army or navy
estimates be brought forward before these resolutions
were disposed of, he should move that these estimates
be postponed.
CARLOW ELECTION.

The SPEAKER. informed the House that he had re-
ceived a letter from the agent for the petitioner
against the return for Carlow, stating that the petition
had been withdrawn.

Mr. BANKES inquired what day was fixed for the
next stage of the Jewish Disabilities Bill.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER replied
on Monday, but it was not probable it would come on
that day.
Sir B. HALL inquired of the Noble Lord the Chief
Commissioner of Woods and Forests, whether his Sa-
nitary Bill would include the metropoliis, and if not,
whether it was his intention to introduce a Bill for
that purpose ? Also, what other Bills upon that sub-
ject he proposed to introduce, and what their provisions
were? _ _ _

Lord MORPETH was understooe to say that ho had
already stated he did not consider the Bill to apply to
the metropolis, and it was not his intention at present
to introduce a Bill for that purpose. He could not enter
into a statement as to the provisions of the other Bills.
The first would relate to sewers.

The New Zealand Government Bill was read a third
time and passed.
The Home then adjourned, at a Quarter to One
o'clock.

lIER ➢iAJESTY'S THEATRE.
THIS THEATRE_

Will open THIS EVENIS7(I, the 19th of February, when will be
presented
VERDI'S ADMIRED OPERA OF
ERNANI.

Carlo Y• • ...... Signot7GXllso-NI, his first appearance this

season.
Ruy Gomez de Silva.. Signor IIELLETTI, his first appearance.
Ernanl .............. Signor CUZZANI, his first appearance; and

_
Elvira •••• • • • • •35d11e. SOFIA CRUVELLI.
After the Opera the National Anthem, by the principal Artistes,
supported by the Chorus.
After which *will be presented
An entirely Now and Original
GIWID BALLET,
In Four Tableaux, by M. Paul Taglioni, entitled
FIORITA,
et la Reins des Elfrides,
leMusie composed by Signor Pugni ; the Scenery (entirely new)
by Mr. C. Marshall ; the Appointments by Mr. Bradwell ; the
Costumes by Miss Bradley and Mr. Whales, under the superin-
tendence of Madame Copero.
Principal parts by
Mdlle. CAROLINA ROSATI,
Mdlles. Esther Ausundon, Therenot. Julienne, Lamoureux, and
Mdlle. MARIE TAGLIONI, &c. &c.
Principal Dances.
1. Tableau.
La Cour d'Auberge en Sidle
La Fiancée—Malle. Rosati, and 3ldlles. Julienne and
Lamoureux, &c.
La Palermitana—Mdlle Rosati.
2. Tableau.
Feret des Elfrides,

Ballablle et Pu dela Heine des Elfrides—Mdlle. Marie Tagliont
and Mdlle. Ausandon, Thevenot, and Dames de Ballet.
Danse Nationale—Corps de Ballet.

Pas—Mdllo. Rosati and M. d'Or, Mdlles. Julienne and Lameureux

3. Tableau.
La Cabane de Ilertha

L'lllusioß—Mdlle Marie Taglioni and M. d'Or, and Dames de

- Ballet.
4. Tableau.
Lea Janllns Enetiantes.

L'Animation—Mdlle. Rosati and M. d'Or. and Dames de Ballet.
L'Oubli—Mdlle. Marie Taglioni and M. d'Or, Mdlles Thevenot
Atumndoa, Julienne, Lamoureux, and Dames de Ballet.
La Chatiment—Scene Finale.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Un lert he Manacement of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee.
MR. AND MRS. CHARLES KEAN.
THIS EVENING
" '

Will be performed a new and original Play, entitled THE WIFE'S
SECRET. Lord Arden, Mr. Howe; Sir Walter Amyott, Mr.
Charles Kean ; Jabez Sneed, Mr. Webster ; Harrington, Mr. Brin-
tall ; Brouillard, Mr. Rogers ; Lady Eveline Amyott, Mrs. Charles
Kean ; Maud Mrs. Keeley.

After which, the new Farce, called DEAREST ELIZABETH.
Mr. Lionel Lax, Mr. Keeley; Mr. Winch, Mr. Rogers ; Betsy, Mrs.
Keeley.
To conclude with a new and original Farce, called WHO'S MY
HUSBAND ? Doctor Mull, Mr. Tilbury; Daniel Tootles, Mr. Keeley;
airs. Smith Thompson, Mrs, W. Clifford ; Sophonisba Mull, Mrs. L.
S. Buckingham ; sally Starch, Mrs. rlumby.
Stale Manager, Mr. Fanen ; Acting Manager, Mr. F. Webster.
J. T. Archer, Box-book keeper.
Boxes, as. ; Pit, 3s. ; Gallery, 2s. ; Upper Gallery, Is.
Doors open at Half-past Six, Pertonnance to eommepce at Seven.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Under the direction of Madame Celesta.
THIS EVENING

Will be presented an entirely new Piece, entitled the PEAL OF
THE OCEAN ; or, the Prince and the Mermaiden. Principal cha-
racters by Messrs. Waye, P. Bedford, Wright, Munyard, Glennaire,
Cullenford, and Worrell ; Miss Woolgar, Miss Emma Harding, Miss
Ellea Chaplin, Mrs. Laws, and Madame Celeste. _ _ .

To be tollolVed by a new and original Farce, entitled OUR NA-
TIONAL DEFENCES; or, the Cockshot Yeomanry. Principal
characters by Messrs. Lambert, Wright, P. Bedford, Sanders ; Ma-
came Celeste, Miss Emma Harding, Mrs. Laws, and Miss Woolgar.
To conclude with a new Farce entitled THE TIPPERARY LE-
GACY. Tamen], Green. Mr. Wright ; Bob Gills, Mr. Munyard ;
Lanty Scrimmage, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Chubblock, Mr. Cullouford ;
Policeman, Mr. sanders ; Lizzy Chubblock, Miss Woolgar.
Boxes, 45.; Pit, 25.; Gallery, Is.
Fors open at Hail-past Six, Performance to commence at Seven.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the Management of Madame Vestril.
Sole Lessee, Mr. Charles Mathews.
THIS EVENING

Will be performed a new and original piece, called ASTOUNDING
PHENOMENA. Principal characters by Messrs. C. Mathews, F.
Matthews, Bellingham, F. Cooke, and Meadows.
After which, a New Fairy Extravaganza, entitled THE GOLDEN
RRANCII. Principal characters by Messrs. H. Hall, Harley, Ker.
ridge, Madame Yestris, Miss K. Fitzwilliam, and Mrs. Macnamara.
To conclude with a Romance of Real Life, called BOX and COX.
Principal characters by Mr. Harley, Mr. Buckstone, and Mrs. Mac-
a,
Drees Boxes, 55.; Upper Boxes, 45.; Pit, 2i. ; Gallery, Is. No
Public every day, from Ten tll S' Ix.
prn,\Feto any Part of the house.
Theme Int:Trio:07:111e cc. No. 2 Wellington-street, is open to the
House has been entirely re-designed by Mr. W.
Bradwell of the Colosseum.

FRENCH YLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. John Mitchell, 33, Old Bond-street.
Fifth appearance of Mmemoiselle Nathan°.
On MONDAY BTENING
Will be performed LE VICOMTE GIROFLEE.
After which LE CHEVALIER D'ESSONNE.
Doses, stalls, tickets, and season protPectu.ses, may be had at Mr.
31
ITCII ELL'S Royal Library, 33, Old Bond street.
30. 6d.; Amphitheatre, 3s. ; Gallery, 2s
Doors open at Seven, to commence at. a quarter past Seven.
Boxes, 6s. ; Plt,

STRAND THEATRE.
NEW MANAGEMENT,
Under the Sole Direction of Mr. Ozberry,
THIS EVENING,

The performances willcommettce with the Romantic Drama,
called THE DENOUNCER; or, THE SEVEN CLERKS Or
MARSEILLES. Principal characters by Mr. E. Laws (his third
appearance), Messrs. Oxberry, Yarnold,. Rogerson, Timm
—eY, and
Miss Love.
After which (third time) a New Grand Burlesque Opera, by the
Author of the " Adelphi Norma," called LUCY OF LAMMER-
MOOR. Not with Mr. Bonn's or M. Julllen's, but with Oxtrerry's
powerful cast—Lucy, 'Miss E. Terry; Captain Ashton, Mr. Oxberry;
and Edgar, Mr. Yarnold.
. To conclude with the admiral Comedietta of A ROWLAND FOR
.1
N R
OLIVE. Principal characters by Messrs. Laws, Rogerson,
Montague,pivt,.B.LOxberry, Miss Egan and Miss Jane Coleman.
price
to
pit
an a es, 108. 6.1.• Boxes, 25.; Pit, Is. ; Gallery, 4cl. Ilalf-
dßt ea at a Quarter before Nine.

PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Mr. J. 1 C., _Maddox, sole Lessee and Manager, Duchess-street,
Portland-place.
THIS EVENING

Will be pr tesented the Tragedy of THE GAMESTER. Mr. Be-
verley, Mr. Cooper; Stukely, Mr. Ryder; Lewson. Mr. Conway;
Bates, Mr. C. Fisher; Jarvis, Mr. Gilbert; Dawson, Mr. Norton;
Mrs. Beverley, Miss Emmeline Montague ; Charlotte, Miss Pillars.
- After whi, :h, the comic Drama of " LADIES, BEWARE 1"
To conclu e with a new Christmas Pantomime, entitled OLD
FATHER Ti a 'IE. ; or, Harlequin and the Four Seasons.
Dream Circle, 53.: Boxes, 45.; Pit, 25.; Gallery, Is.

iTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE

Grand Combing tion of ATTRACTIONS at ASTLEY'S, which con.

Uinta 3 its chain of Magnificent Entertainments

The Managers tent respectfully announces to the public that for the
more perfect rec presentation of the New Georgeons Spectacle, TIIE
BATTLE OF: THE AMAZONS, it is absolutely necessary to
withhold its pro( luction for six nights longer.
MONDA' f, F ebruary 14th, positively the last week of THE
CAMP OF SIL: ESIA, followed by an unusually brilliant display of
fieraemand w, concluding with a favourite Afterplece.
Box-office open from 11 till 5.
Stage Manager, Mr. W. West.

ROYAL VICTORIA TUEATR.E.
THIS EVENING,

Will be performed THE KENT COAST SMUGGLER, or the
Murder on the Sea Beach. Principal characters by Messrs. Hicks,
Dale, Searl s, Iliggie, Howard, Forman ; Miss Yincent, and Miss Bur-
roughcliffe.
After which, THE VICTIM PATRIOT.
To conel Lie with DOMINIQUE, the DESERTER. Dominique,
the Deserts r, Mr. Forman.
Boxes, I L ; i it, 6d. ; Gallery, 4d. No Half-price to any part
sf the hors. . . . .

oovt3 open at Six, to commence at Half-past Six.

NOTICE.—THE NEW WORK BY
ACTON WARBURTON, ESQ.,
Entitled
ROL ..L0 AND HIS RACE
, Di , FOOTSTEPS OF THE NORMANS,
IS PUBLISHED THIS DAY,
And may be had of all Booksellers.
I Uchard Bentley, New Burlington-street,
(Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty).

Now ready at all the Libraries,
LEOIVORA; A LOVE STORY.
Ii 3 vols.,
" In ' Leon, )r.a' Lady Boothby has proved the universality of her
talent in depic tit ug character both as a novelist and an actress."—
Jerrold's Pape r.

" One of the most beautifnl books of the kind we ever remember
to have met v. it'l. This very charming tale cannot fall to excite a
most powerful it Merest."—Sun.
Henry Co/1 urn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

an additional quarter to the estimates. Last year
there was an increase in the estimates of
522,700/., but the actual increase only amounted to
304,2001., which was the amount for which the pre-
sent Government was responsible. Then with regard
to the increase, the present Government had altered
the sugar duties, and in consequence of that alteration
the revenue for sugar, which in 1845 had amounted
to 3,574,0001., amounted in 1847 to 4,414,0001.
On the balance-sheet for the year there was exhi-
bited a balance of revenue over expenditure of
2,956,7821., but deducting the advances made to Ire-
land on account of the famine, and the China money
paid the year preceding, the actual defi-
ciency :was 981,6831. He would state the
amount at which the revenue was estimated for the
ensuing year. He estimated the total revenue for the
ensuing year from existing sources of taxation at
51,362,060/. From the Customs he expected
19,774,0601.; Exci5e,13,050,340/. ; stamps, 7,150,000/.;
taxes, 4,340,0001. ; property-tax, 4,340,000/. ; Post-
office, 923,0001.; Crown lands, 60,0001.; miscellaneous,
320,0001. There had been an increase in the revenue

flora sugar, rum, and molasses of 642,2541., butter o:
16,9211., and cheese of 7,6501. There had been a deft•

ciency in the duties on malt spirits of 1,359,000/.
The expenditure had amounted to 51,5671.
He proposed to take the Customs for the ensuing

year at 19,750,000/. ; Excise at 13,000,000/. ;
stage coaches, 500,000/. ; stamps, 7,200,0001.; taxes,
4,340,000/.; income-tax, 5,200,000/. ; Post-office
at 900,000/.; Crown lands, 60,0001.; miscellaneous at
300,0001. The whole amount of the revenue, ac-
cording to this estimate, would be 51,250,000/.
Taking the expenditure voted at 52,315,709/., and
the receipts at 51,250,000/.2 there would be a defi-
ciency of 1,065,709/. But there is a large sum to
be voted for the excess of expenditure in April,
1847, and a sum of 10,0001. for the Kafir war,
and taking these at 1,340,108/., there will be a
deficiency of 2,411,000/. He laid this condition
of the finances early before the House that the House
might consider the state of the finances and the cir-
cumstances of the country, in order that they
might determine upon what course was most
befitting. All he should do would be to state
that course which the Government considered most
advisable, leaving it to the House to determine
whether the course the Government proposed was
the best, or whether there was another that might
seen most advisable. Either they must supply the
deficiency by taxation, or make great reductions in
their establishments.—(Hear, hear.) He thought
it as well to state on this occasion the opinions of the
Government on the subject of the national defences.
Extreme opinions had been promulgated on both
sides. On one side it had been said that we should
End ourselves suddenly involved in war with coun-
tries who had made great military preparations,
preparations which we could not rneet. On
the other it had been said that all foreign
powers were inclined to peace, and that if we
reduced our armaments they would reduce theirs.
On the part of the Government he would guard him-
self against the supposition that there was anything
in our foreign relations, more especially in our re-
lations with France, to cause any apprehension of a
rupture ; for he was more impressed than ever with
the necessity of maintaining peace between these two
great representative Powers, France and England.—
(Cheers,) And he trusted that henceforth these re-
lations would be of the most amicable nature.
Yet he found it stated in a recent French publication
that the Duke of Wellington had thought it neces-
sary to make a pamphleteering answer to the
Prince de Joinville. Now, he knew that nothing
had given the Duke of Wellington greater
pain than the publicity which had been given
to his letter. The Duke had from time
to time, and did from time to time com-
municated to the Government his opinion on the
national defences ; but nothing was further from his
desire than to exasperate the feelings between France
and England against each other. With the patriotism
of the Duke of Wellington there had always been

joined an opinion that the power and independence
of this country should be maintained as a
guarantee of the independence of other states. No
man could blame the Duke for having stated his
sentiments in the manner in which he had done, and
he should not have alluded to them had he not had
the misfortune to differ from the Duke on some
points, and to know that not only abroad, but
in this country, the Duke had been misunderstood.
War was unhappily a contingency against which it
was impossible to guard. If forbearance had not
been shown on both sides we might have been in-
volved in war with the United States as well as with
France, in spite of the efforts of Governments, in

consequence of the susceptibility of the different
nations. However tranquil, therefore, the atmos •
phere might be there might at any time arise a storm ;
and when he recollected that Mr. Pitt, with all his
sagacity, foretold a long continuance of peace
only a few months before the outbreak of the revo-
lutionary war, he could not venture to think that
there was no possibility of war. Then, with regard
to the probability of invasion. Within the last
three hundred years there had been instances in
which the elements had stood our friends, and
had dispersed armaments destined for our destruction.
Since 1815 steam had enabled seamen to set the
elements at defiance, and this would lead hostile
powers to consider this country more open to inva-
sion. It was also true that since 1830, under a King
who was a sincere lover of peace, there
had been a large increase in the naval
force of France It was intended to defend
large colonial possessions, and to protect a large
foreign commerce. There had been a great increase
both in the sailing vessels, the steamers, and the
amottnt voted for seamen in France in
1847 as compared with 1837. For in-
stance, in 1837 there were 153 French ships
afloat, and in 1847 there were 916, of which 66
were steamers. In 1837, 2,000,0001. had been voted
for the naval service of France, in 1847 it had been
3,582,5201. It had been reproached to the Govern-

ment that they had made no adequate preparations
against invasion. Since 1835 the whole foree, army,
navy, and ordnance had been increased from 135,743
men to 196,063 men,;and he would say that there had
been no unwillingness in the House to vote the ne-
cessary increase. There was also another kind of
force most efficient ; 15,000 old soldiers had been
organised by the former Government, and the pre-
sent Government had organized 9,800 dock-
yard men, with 1,080 guns, and a greater
part of this force could be moved at any time.
There was also a plan for organising the coast-
guard, and adding to the men, who would serve for
a small amount of pay, giving a force of 9,000
men. On this ground of the number of men there had
been no unwillingness to make an adequate provision.
The question was, then, whether they should make a
very great reduction in their force, or make a large
increase in it, or continue from time to time making
an increase to such parts as require it. His view
was, that it would not be wise to endeavour to make

the expenditure equal to the revenue by large reduc-
tions. On the other hand he was of opinion there was
no reason for sudden alarm. With moderate additions

to certain branches of the army, navy, and ordnance,
he believed this country would be in a sufficient
state of defence to obtain securities for peace, which
was the object of all those preparation;.—(Hear,
hear.) If you expose yourself to having a decisive
blow struck against you, you give power to the war
party in a foreign country, but if you are
prepared you give power to the peace party.
They proposed in the navy estimates an increase of
164,0001., being 70,0001. for it, which mig,ht
properly be called naval services. Lord _Auckland
had furnished him with a statement of the naval
force, and we proposed to keep our naval force on an
equality with this, and also proposed to have a reserve
of steamers at the various dockyards and at
Cork. He thought this was a very wise pre-
caution; for be it not forgotten that if steam
offered advantages for an invader, it also,
on the other hand, offered advantages for opposing
him, of which we should avail ourselves, and in the
votes he should be prepared fully to avail himself of
those advantages. In the naval estimates he pro-
posed to increase the marine force by 1,500 men.
With regard to the defences of the dockyards, that
subject had been most carefully attended to by the
late Government, and every work proper for
their defence had been begun in strengthen-
ing them. 262,0001. bad been expended in

strengthening the defences of Portsmouth, Ply-
mouth, Pembroke, and Chatham; and the Duke
of Wellington, who had inspected those de-
fences, had expressed himself perfectly satisfied.
With regard to the army, alttlough they did not
propose the increase of a sineele man, the number
of soldiers in the United Kingdom would be in-
creased by upwards of 5,000 men by those who
would return from India, in. consequence of the
economy of Lord Hardinge, who having triumphed
in hostilities, determined to take upon himself the
unpopular task of placing the: finances upon an
economical footing.—(Hear, 'sear.) The number
of rank and file in the kingdom was now 55,000 ;
in the course of a short time it would be 60,000.
The number of soldiers in the 1 :rnited Kingdom had
been increased 20,000 since Clue year 1837. The
army estimates would be only 'increased by 43,0001.
He proposed an increase in t he: number of artil-
lery and sappers and miners, He proposed an
increase of 400 sappers and miners, and 1,900
artillery. He also proposed a great it crease in the
estimates for the ordnance, for i n creasing the supply
of small arms and stores of gunp o wder. That would
make, for the purposes of the navy, an increase
of 70,000/. ; for the army, of 1.5,000/., and of the
ordnance of 245,0001. Now, they had not a
sufficient force to garrison the d o ckyards, and at the
same time to keep the field in c.e se of invasion, and
therefore they must have recourse to the
old constitutional force, ate militia. There
were difficulties belonging to that subject now
that did not formerly prevail. 'if they took substi-
tutes they might not be forthcoming, and if they did
not it would be imposing a herds hip on the people.
He would propose a measure which he thought
calculated to meet those difficulties, and the
House would decide whether, or not it would
be practicable to raise a ;militia force ; and
it might be in some future year their duty to
propose an addition to the armv. He proposed to
take 150,0001. this year as a foundation for raising
this militia force. The whole expenditure for the
year would be navy, arnw, ordnance, and
miscellaneous, 21,820,4001., which, with the Un-
funded and Funded Debt, and for the militia
and the Kafir war, would make a total
expenditure of 54,546,9001. It was evident therefore
that he must not only propose a renewal of the
income-tax—(Ironical cheers) --- but that if the
House should approve of those ,estimates, that addi-
tional taxation should be imposed. It was obvious that
a great part of the deficiency depezded upon the state of
the country, afflicted as it was es ith scarcity and with
commercial and manufacturing distress. They might
look to have those effects removed within a few years,
and a consequent improvement; in the annual in
come. With respect to the expenditure they might
expect that the Kafir war would soon be at an end,
although he did not know that there was an
end to the bills on that (account.--(Laughter.)
On both these grounds he thought they might hope
that only a temporary increase of taxation would be
required. He would, in stati og what he considered
the increase ought to be under the present state of
the country and experience of former Govern-
ments—he thought any increase on the articles
of consumption would I ill to yield revenue,
and would involve almost insuperable difficulties ;
therefore he proposed at once to renew the present
income-tax from April next :for a period of five years,
and to vote an increase of it from 7d. to ls., or from
three to five per cent. for a period of two years—
(Cries of "Oh ! oh 1" and great confusion.)--and,
without going into the argument on that subject, he
would state that considering the great distress
prevailing in Ireland, that in 1842 it was not imposed
in Ireland, and considering the struggle now going
on to remedy the social state of Ireland, they thought
that—admitting the justice of imposing that tax in
Ireland equally with England—the present was not the
moment to impose that tax upon Ireland.—(Hear, and
confusion.) They should consider that if they checked the
exertions of Ireland to place herself in a condition of
prosperity, they checked the prosperity of the United
Kingdom. They proposed, therefore, to take the
tax exactly as it had been imposed in past
years, on the principle on which it had been
imposed by Mr. Pitt and increased by Lord
GrenvillelandLord Lansdowne.--(Loud laughter)—
and on the principles on which it had been imposed
by the Right Hon. Gentleman.—(Cheers.) He had
voted against it in 1842—(Cheers)—he was right in
so doing. He had voted in favour of it in 184.5.—
(Hear, hear.) He thought ,he had been right
in both votes, and the question was now
whether you should continue a tax already
imposed or impose others. He thought it better to
continue and increase this tax than to impose taxes
on articles consumed by the great body of the people.
The taxes on candles, coals, and leather, which had
been stigmatised by Adam Smith, had been
taken off, as had the salt-tax, the beer and cider
duties, the glass, sugar, butter, and cheese duties,
amounting to ten millions of taxes annually upon
articles of consumption which had been reduced.
The whole amount of taxation reduced since the
peace was 39,705,341/.—(Hear.) He , thought,
therefore, that under circumstances of unparal-
leled difficulty it was not asking too much of
the House for an addition to the direct taxa-
tion of the country. He took the income-tax
at 3,500,0001., which would give an income of
54,750,000/. to meet the expenditure of 54,596,000/.
He proposed to abolish the tax on copper ore
imposed in 1842, which had encouraged smelting
abroad, and had only produced a revenue
of 41,0001., and the abolition of which would greatly
increase the smelting trade of this country. Deduct-
ing this tax, they would have a revenue of 54,750,000/,
to meet an expenditure of 54,637,0001., leaving a sur-
plus of 115,0001. In another year that surplus would
he thought, be increased, and would enable
them to reduce taxation still further. He
had endeavoured fairly to bring before; the
House the financial condition of the country before
calling upon them to vote the estimates, in order
to let the House see at once that if they voted
the estimates proposed, they must be pre-
' pared to vote an increase of taxation. He had
shown them that since the peace 40,000,0001.
of taxation had been reduced, whilst they had not only
preserved their empire undiminished, but had extended
it. Under, the guidance of the Right Honourable
Gentleman opposite they had been enabled
to give scope to those principles of commerce of
which Adam Smith had been the propounder and Mr.
Pitt the disciple. They had been enabled to put
down rebellion in Canada, to repel aggression in
India, and to defend their fellow•subjects at
the Cape of Good Hope. If they continued
to keep the revenue equal to the expenditure
entirely, they would be able to reduce taxation. He
regretted he could not now propose it, but his duty
to the country demanded that he should pursue the
course he had proposed, which would maintain
public credit, uphold public faith, and place
this great country beyond the reach of insult
from any nation whatever.—(Loud cheers.)
The Noble Lord concluded by proposing the
formal resolution, which being put from the Chair,

Lord Jour' RUSSELL said that on the conclu-
sion of the debate he should propose that the
Chairman should report progress, and ask leave to sit
again on Monday se'nnight.
The Committee was subsequently addressed by
Mr. HumE, Mr. BANKES, Mr. OSBORNE, Sir B.
HALL, Mr. COBDEN, Mr. F. BARING, Lord PALMER-
STON, and several other Hon. Members, when the
resolution was reported, and the House adjourned.

Several amendments were proposed yesterday
evening for insertion in the Bill for the establishment
of diplomatic relations between the Courts of Rome
and London—the Upper House having formally
resolved itself into Committee on that measure.
Those who are inimical to the generous and tolerant
principles embodied in the Bill aro resolved, if they
cannot compass its rejection, to militate as much as
possible against its character by encumbering it with
a variety of offensive interpolations. They find it
beyond their capacity to perpetuate that anti-
papistical fanaticism which, for nearly three
hundred years, has estranged us from the Govern-
ment of the Roman States, while during the
continuance of our estrangement we have re-
mained on terms the most amicable with Cabi-
nets founded by the Buddist, the Idolator, and
the Mussulman. The members of a Christian Le-
gislature have never recoiled with such manifestations

of abhorrence before the proposal of a diplomatic in-
tercourse with the worshippers of the Egyptian beetle,
with the councils of a professed polytheist, or with
that portion of the population of Asia Minor which
rejects the Bible for the Koran, and the Crucifixion of
Curtin. for the Hegira of MenomET. There is ma-
nifestly something so revolting to the imagination of
those who dissent from the spirit of the mea-
sure introduced by the Marquis of LANSDOWNE,
—there is something so revolting to their imagina-
tions in the provisions of the Bill, that their opposition
is persisted in with an almost incomprehensible per-
tinacity, and they quibble over its clauses with an
indescribable determination. At the very outset of
the discussion last night there is a rather virulent
quarrel about the propriety of using an expression
which had been sanctioned in the historic writings of
such men as HUME and ROBERTSON—the Bishop of
WINCHESTER moving that " Sovereign of the Roman
States" should be substituted for " Sovereign
Pontiff." Having conceded to this somewhat
fastidious objection by agreeing to the amend
ment, the Peers are next put at loggerheads by
the proposal of the Earl of EGLINTON, that the Bill
should be definitively made to preclude all Roman
ecclesiastics from filling the post of Pontifical
Ambassador to the Court of London. If it be only
borne in recollection that the Bill, as originally
worded, left the right of acceptance or refusal at the
discretion of the SOVEREIGN, it is manifest that the
amended clause, as suggested by the Noble Earl,
would only just escape from being a direct infringe-
ment of the royal prerogative. In spite of this con-
sideration, in spite of the very manly and sensible
objections raised by the Duke of WELLINGTON,
in spite of the very persuasive interposition of the
Lord President of the Council, in spite of the lawyer-
like argument adduced by Lord CAMPBELL, to the
effect that VATTEL, among other jurists, "laid it
down that the power qf sending and receiving arnbas•
sadors belonged to every Sovereign"—a majority
of sixty-seven against sixty-four decided in favour of
the suggestion of Lord EGLINTON. Supposing, there-
fore, that the Bill is ultimately triumphant, this un-
precedented restriction will deprive her MAJESTY of
all discretionary power in the reception of an
ambassador from the Eternal City. On the
one side this restriction is an insolent inno-
vation—on the other it is an unnecessary
act of contumely. It is a double insult at once to
VICTORIA and Pius —a shield raised out of a feeling
of fretfulness and petulance against the assaults to
Protestantism which are gratuitously anticipated
from the QUEEN and the PONTIFF.

Two minor amendments were subsequently pro-
posed and withdrawn by Lord REDESDALE and the
Duke of RICHMOND, and it was ultimately announced
by the President of the Council, that he proposed
having the Bill reported, pro forma, on Monday,
and afterwards having it printed in its amended
form, and presented to their Lordships. A
perceptible progress is, therefore, making in
the furtherance of this interesting measure, and a
cordial and visible alliance of a political character
may be soon anticipated between the Govern-
ments severally conducted by Lord JOHN Bus-
SELL and Cardinal BuFroNDI. Those :who are in-
capable of comprehending the influence exercised over
the various principalities of Europe by the Legislature
of Great Britain,; do not at once recognise in the
operation of this Bill the confirmation and the still
further diffusion and development of those liberal
ideas which have been latterly predominant in the
Italian peninsula. Ever since the Cardinal Archbishop
of Imola, Count GIOVANNI MASTAI FERRETTI
was crowned with the tiara, the popular cause has
proved gradually victorious. When, therefore,
England extends a friendly hand to that Prince—
England, the home of revolutions, the arch-promoter
of the representative system !—is it not rational to
anticipate a confirmation of the political truths which
have recently emanated from the Quirinal, the fur-
ther promulg4ion of the principles which have
recently been accepted by the citizens on the banks
of the Tiber, and the perfect development of the re-
forms which have recently radiated like sunbeams
from the hill-tops of Rome ? When our diplo-
matic relations with all the principalities
of Italy are placed upon a secure and comprehensible
basis, and when our sincere sympathy with Italian
liberation is properly understood in the various
Courts of that peninsula— farewell to the power of
Austria south of the Carpathians !—then may Lom-
bardy, at last and for ever awaken to independence!

The great secret is out. The Whigs in 1848 are
again playing the game of the Whigs of 1806. Lord
JOHN RUSSELL follows the precedent of Lord HENRI
PETTY, and out of office rails in good set terms at
that income-tax, which in office he not only con-
tinues, but increases. We hope, however, that we
are wrong in saying increase, for wo believe that
neither Lord JOHN RUSSELL, or any other :Minister,
will be permitted to increase the income-tax to 5 per
cent. in the manner in which he proposed
to increase it last night. We fully admit
the necessity of keeping the balance even between
the income and the expenditure of the country. We
fully admit that it is preferable (always supposing
the reduction of expenditure has been carried to its
utmost limit) to keep that balance even by increasing
the amount of taxation, rather than by having recourse
to a loan. We also admit that it would be most
impolitic to re-impose any of those duties on articles of
consumption which have been recently taken
off. The deficiency must be supplied by di-
rect taxation, and the fairest if all taxes
is a tax upon property invested property,
as distinguished from income the produce of industry,
it is evident that henceforth an income-tax or a
property-tax is to be one of the regular sources of
revenue of the country, and it behoves the tax-payers
to be up and stirring, in order to take care that the
tax shall be fairly and equitably imposed. When the
tax was originally proposed in 1842 by Cir R. PEEL,
the Right Hon. Baronet admitted the injustice
of subjecting income derived from industry
to the same tax as income derived from
property permanently invested, but contended
that as the tax was to be merely temporarily im-
posed, it was not worth while to make the distinc-
tion. But now that the tax is to become permanent

it is worth while to make the distinction, and the
great body of the electors of the kingdom, who
will be the persons principally fleeced by the pro-
position of the Minister, must be up and doing if they
wish to save themselves from the :hearers. LOId
JOHN RUSSELL has listened to the suggestions of

the aristocracy, the holders of invested property,
and has proposed a tax which shall press
lightly upon them, but heavily upon the industrious

tradesman and the overworked clerk. A true
aristocrat, my Lord Jousx RUSSELL " stands by
his order." But, as Mr. WAKLET once truly ob-
served, the Whigs are made of squeezable materials,
and now is the time to put on the screw. Electors of
England, the country looks to you to do your duty
in this crisis. The metropolitan electors are already
up and doing. The electors of Finsbury, the consti-
tuents of THOMAS DUNCOMBE and THOMAS WARLEY,
have taken the initiative, and have called a meeting
for an early day next week, at White Conduit House,
against the proposed ;increase in the income-tax
Electors of England, follow this example, and before
this day week let meetings be held in every borough
in England to oppose this iniquitous proposition.
But meetings alone will not be sufficient. Let some
such document as the following be drawn up and pre.
sented to every registered elettor for his signature :
" We, the undersigned registered electors of the
borough of do hereby pledge ourselves not
to vote in favour of any candidate who, having been
a Member of Parliament in 1848, shall have voted
for, or shall have abstained from voting against the
proposition for increasing the income- tax on incomes
derived from industry, to 5 per cent."
And let this document, with the signatures at-
tached, be presented to the Members for the borough,
on the morning of the day that the Ministerial pro-
position comes on for discussion.
This is no mere party measure, it is an attempt on
the part of the aristocracy to regain the privilege
of plunder. Prevented from robbing the indus-
trious classes by means of the corn-laws, they now
seek to plunder them by substituting that most un-
just of all taxes, an income-tax, fur that most just
of all taxes, a property-tax. The Reform Bill has,
however, placed it in the power of the electors to
defeat this well-devised scheme of plunder. My
Lord JOHN RUSSELL must have forgotten that the
101. householders, who constitute the majority of the

borough constituencies, are the persons most
affected by this tax. To them we appeal to defent
themselves and their countrymen from this most
unjust imposition. Let them be up and doing.
" England expects that every elector will do his
duty."

A letter from Rome, of the 9th of February, states
" In a few days 300 young men belonging to the first
families of this town will start for Naples, to assist at
the inauguration of a grand fete to be given in honour
of the Constitution. At this moment, four coaches
filled with the leaders of the people are traversing the
Corso, shcuting out " A basso it Minister° 1 A basso
i Alinistri." They have gone to the Capitol to con-
fer with the Senator, and from thence to the Quiri-
nal, where they have demanded from the POPE, in the
name of the people, the armament of the reserve and
of all the volunteers, and the immediate revocation of
the circular which forbids the renovation of the fetes
celebrated in honour of the Sicilian Constitution.

The whole town is in an uproar, and the crowd is
so great that it is almost impossible to go through the
streets.

" We are waiting with anxiety the POPE'S answer,
and we expect that events of high importanoe will be
the result of the proceedings.

" I have just heard that the POPE'S reply to the
Deputation states that he was about to enter into a
pditical confederacy with Piedmont, Naples, and
Tuscany, and that he expects some Piedmontese
general officers to be placed at the head of t}4 Roman
troops.

"It is reported in the Lega of Genoa, That on the
25th of March the Council of State will assemble at
Turin, to discuss and fix the terms of the Constitution,
upon the basis already announced. On the Ist of
July will take place the opening of the Chambers,
before which his Majesty will take the oath to the
Constitution. It is reckoned, upon an average, that
for every hundred thousand inhabitants there, will he
chosen two or three deputies.

" General DE SONNAR, an old officer of Napoleon,
commanding the Place of Genoa, left on the 10th
inst. for his new commission of General in Chief of
the camp of observation, which is being formed at
Novara, in the Milanese frontier. In Genoa all the
cannons are placed in the fortifications, and everything
is ready to repulse the enemy."
NAPLES, FEB. 12.—The constitution was pub-
lished yesterday. The enthusiasm for the KINQ is
extreme.

FLORENCE, FEr.. 11.—The Grand'Duke aororm,
moved by the liberal intentions of which ha has
already given proofs, and of his own propex move-
ment, has decreed that a representative system shall
be adopted for the future as the form of goveenment
in the Grand Duchy. The Grand Duke, in exhort-
the people to tranquillity, promised that the decree
developing
.the principles of the new Government
should appear in a few days.
Letters from Padua of the Bth ult., speak of a
sanguinary contest which took place in the streets of
that city on the 7th, between the Austrian troops and
people. Similar collisions have taken place at
Brescia, Como, and Path.

Madrid papers of the 12th and 13th have arrived.

Senor BERTRAM DE Llts has brought forward, in
the Chamber of Deputies, the Ministerial measure of
the modification of the tariff. It is the tragedy of
Hamlet with the part of HAMLET omitted, by parti-
cular desire. All change in the matter of cotton
goods is specially excluded.

We have received the French papers of yesterday.
The Committee of the Reform Banquet hare pub-
lished an official notification that it will be held on
Tuesday.

The Chamber of Peers have adopted the amendment
proposed in the Factory Bill, limiting the hours of
labour of children between eight and twelve years of
age, to six.

The Journal des Debats quotes the following from
the Akhbar of Algiers :

" Abd-el.Knder, accompanied by four of his rela-
tions, is about to proceed to Paris on a visit to the
King. When that is over the ex-Emir will leave the
capital and take up bis residence in soma town hi the
south of France. Abd-el-Fader has not positively
renounced the benefit of the capitulation, but he con-
sents to allow his being sent to the East to be indefi-
nitely adjourned."

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, FEE. 18.
Dutch Rhenish, 1 !4—Namurand Liege, CA—Orleans and
Bordeaux s—Paris and Lyons, sU—Paris and Rouen, 33%
ex div. —Maria and Strasbourg, WA—Sambre and Meuae, 6,6

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