The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-04 00:00:00

- -
t
No. 17,480.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY

CORPORATION
(Established by Royal Charter A.D. 1720
ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE
OF HOUSES AND GOODS FROM FIRE.
OFFICES—ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON.
Branch, 29, Pall-mall.
Notice.—The usual fifteen days allowed for payment of Premiums
falling due at Michaelmas will expire on the 14th instant.
ASSURANCES ON LIVES,
WITH LARGE PARTICIPATION IN PROFITS.
Two-thirds of the profit on Policies dieted since December, 1841,
will be apportioned, periodically, among those effected for Life ;
without involving the Assured in any risk of Partnership.
GOVERNOR—Thomas Tooke, Esq.
SUB-GOVERNOR—WiIIiam Sampson, Esq.
DEPUTY-GOVERNOR—The Hon. J. T. Leslie Melville.
DIRECTORS.
Charles John Manning, Esq.
henry Nelson, Esq.
Edward Howley Palmer, Esq.
John Henry Pelly, Esq.
Abraham 0. Robarts, Esq.
Charles Robinson, Esq.
Sir Samuel Scott, Bart.
Thomas Smith, Esq.
William Soltau, Esq.
William Wallace, Esq.
Octavius Wigram, Esq.
Charles Baring young, Esq.
ALEX. GREEN, Secretary.

Henry Bainbridge, Esq.
Ileorga Pearkes Barclay, Esq.
Edmond S. P. Calvert, Esq.
John Garratt Cattley, Esq.
Alexander Colvin, Esq.
Edward Maxwell Daniel, Esq
William Davidson, Esq.
John Deacon, Esq.
itiversdale W. Gredfell, Esq.
William T. Ilibbert,
Lancelot Holland, Esq.
Sir J. W. Lubbock, Bart.

METROPOLITAN COUNTIES and
GENERAL LIFE AS3URANCE SOCIETY.
(Incorporated 7 and 8 Victoria, Cap. 110.)
27, Regent-street, Waterloo-place, London. Temporary Offices, 3",
Regent-street.
Assurances granted on one or more Lives, on Joint Lives, or Sur-
vivorships ; also, Annuities, Immediate and Deferred.
An advantageous system of Loans in connexion with Life Assur-
ance, enabling parties to purchase Freehold or Leasehold Property.
Prospectuses and every variety of Table to be had, on application
at the Office, or to the Agents in the Country.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Manager.

In 2 vole. Bvo., price 18s. 6d. in cloth,
ANARRATIVE of the Treatment experienced
by a Gentleman, during a State of Mental Derangement; de-
signed to explain the Causes and Nature of Insanity, and to expose
the injudicious conduct pursued towards many unfortunate sufferers
under that calamity.
By JOHN PERCEVAL, Esq.
TO CLERGYMEN, MAGISTRATES, AND
Just published, price 2s. 6d.,
LETTERS to the Right Honourable Sir.
JAMES GRAHAM, Bart., and to other Noblemen and Gen-
tlemen, upon the REFORM of the LAW affecting the Treatment of
Persons alleged to be of Unsound Mind.
By JOHN PERCEVAL, Esq.
Effingham Wilson, Bookseller and Publisher, 11, Royal Exchange.

AGENTS for the Sale of NICOLL'S PALETOT
(Registered 6th and 7th Viet., cap. 65) ; also the PATENT
CHLAMYS PALETOT and PATENT POCKET PROTECTOR.
Residents in various parts of the United Kingdom and the Colonies
are, by letters, making constant inquiries where they can, in their
neighbourhood, obtain the above popular articles of gentlemanly cos-
tume, also wishing to be furnished with directions for taking their
own measurement ; in one respect the object can be easily carried
out by public advertisement, as gentlemen have only to describe the
number of inches they are round the chest an waist, but the names
of all the Agents selling Nicall's Baletots, &c., are toe numerous to be
thus published; however, on application by letter to H. J. and D. NI-
COLL, 114, 116, and 120, Regent-street, London, the address of the
nearest shall be immediately forwarded. The following agents have
a very large variety of the above goods always ready for inspection,
viz.:—Messrs. Macdona, Molesworth-street, Dublin ; Wareing and
Sots, New-street, Birmingham; Danbaru and Son, Bold-street, Li-
verpool ; Christie and Son, George-street, Edinburgh ; J. Bruce, Cape
Town ; C. Roth, Philadelphia; R: Rutherford, Hong-Kong ; D. Wil-
son and Co., Calcutta.

AHANDSOME FORTUNE for a Small
Outlay.
Address to Messrs. Locke and Co. (late Straus and Co.), 13, Bcu-
Yerie-street, Fleet-street.

BOND'S PERMANENT MARKING INK,
the original and by far the best, requiring no preparation,
offers the surest means of protection for every variety of household
linen and wearing apparel against loss or mistake, for which reason
be careful to ask for the genuine article, prepared by the inventor,
JOHN BOND, 28, Long-lane. West Smithfield, City. Sold by most
Chemists, Stationers, and Medicine Vendors. Price Is. a bottle.

OBSERVE!—FOR TIIE CONVENIENCE OF ALL CLASiES
OF PERSONS.
MESSRS. LUCAS and CO., Surgeons, 60,
Newman-street, Oxford-street, authors of " Manly Health,"
" Control of the Passions," &c., may be personally CONSULTED
DAILY, from Nine in the Morning till Eight in the Evening, and on
Sundays from Ten till Two, on all diseases of the generative system,
whether constitutional or acquired, comprising syphillis, gonerrhcea,
secondary symptoms, and also that class of disorders which are pro-
duced by indulgence and excesses. To those who aro suffering from
any of these complaints, Messrs. Lucas and Co. offer hope, and
speedy restoration to sound and vigorous health. Their successful
treatment being based upon upwards of thirty years' practical expe-
rience in these disorders is a sufficient guarantee for their prompti-
tude and skill, and In most cases one personal interview only is re-
quired to ensure a sound and permanent cure. All letters containing
It. for advice, &c.. will be promptly attended to.—A new edition of
the " Control of the Passions," with coloured engravings and cases,
price 2s. Gd.; free by post, 33 Gd., may be had at the Author's
residence, 60, Newman-street, Oxford-street, London ; and sold by
Brittain, 54, Paternoster-rew ; Hannay, 63. Oxford-street ; J. Got-
dm, 146, Leadenhall-street, London ; H. Winhal, 78, High-street,
Birmingham ; Needham, Westgate-street, Gloucester; 11. Whit-
more, 115, Market-street, Manchester ; J. Howell, 51, Church-street,
Liverpool ; W. and H. Robinson, 11, Greenside-street, ltdinburgh ;
I. 11. Powell, 10, Westmoreland-street, Dublin; and all Book-
sellers.

CELIBACY.—Singleness is not always the con-
sequence of disinclination, disappointed affection, or a diffi-
culty in meeting with a lit helpmate. Thousands of the unmarried
would with joy embrace the sacred conditions of Matrimony, did
they feel themselves equal to its obligations; and the chequered
page of life reveals innumerable instant: s where, under that
blighting consciousness, man has permitted the most ardent affec-
tion to consume him to the grave, rather than consign its object to
that life of umnitigahlo anguish ant fettered solitariness into which
his affianced world he plunged if he married. Some are, however,
wilful enough to gain the affections of the other sex under these
circumstances; and, though not so villanous as to proceed to the
altar, will make such excuses for procrastination as contribute to his
selfish desire of exclusively enjoying her society, by precluding her
from accepting other offers. There is scarcely a street where this
history is not enacted ; and yet with the exercise •f common
foresight, its frequency might be so lessened as 0 ren-
der an instance rare throughout the entire kingdom. The
disqualifications for Marriage have more tkan one primary source ;
the chief of which is Impuissance, arising from four causes ;—namely,
Natural Deficiency ; the Prostration produced by Early Habits ; the
Weakening effects of Later Excesses ; and Nervousness of Tempera-
ment ; the next sources of importance are hereditary and acquired
disease ; and, lastly, men are prevented from marrying by the effects
of disease—which, when ill-cured, leaves traces that forbid all im-
pulse towards wedlock. In each of these instances it is unhappily
too common for the sufferer to consider his case beyond remedy, and
be fails to consult even his own medical attendant. Such will Mid
all obstacles removed by reference to a valuable Manual on Nervous
Debility and Generative diseases, the thirty-seventh thousand of
whick liar just been published by its Authors, J. L. CURTIS and CO.,
Consulting Surgeons, 7, Frith-street, Soho-square, London, entitled
MANHOOD ; the Causes of its Premature Decline, with Plain
Directions for Perfect Restoration, &c., &c. This eminent Work,
which is forwarded by W. Strange, Bookseller, 21, Patnernoster-
row, London, post-paid, in a sealed envelope fur 2e. lid., in postage
stamps, lies saved thousaids, and the result of its perusal has in-
variably been a restoration of the reader to his position as a useful
mem ser of society.

Illustrated by 2G Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
)N PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, .&ND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. td., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. In postage stamps,
riHE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generally* system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Colearci Engravings. Ey R. and
L. PERRY and CO., 19, Berners-stroet, Oxford-street, London.
Published by the Authors : sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row
Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Starie, 23, Titehborne-
street, Haymarket ; and Gordon, I4G, Leadenhall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive tidal-
once, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity.
It is illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. The consequences of early neglect and of the abuse
at mercury, are also clearly pointed out. This section is illustrated
by Seventeen Coloured Engravings.
PART IV. treats of the Prevention of Disease by a simple ap-
plication, by whisk the danger of infection is obviated. Its action
is simple but sure. It acts with the virus elscnnleally, and destroys
its power on the system. This important part of the Work should
be read by every Tostng Man entering into life.

FAST V. Is devoted-te the consideration of marriage, and its
lutiss. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
TAECOIHIAL BALM OF SY/LIAM:II is exclusively employed in treat-
eg and sexual debility, impotence, &c., Ii s .and 335. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary symp-
toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, l Is. and 335. per bottle.
l'erry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. ed., ds. 6d., I is. per box, a
certain .emedy in genorrhosa, gleet, strictures, and chronic infiamma-
•ion of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, 11. 51. Packets
with advice tobe had at the Flatablishmeat only, by which the fee,
IL, is saved. Attendance daily at IS, Deniers-street, from Eleven
ill T w.. and Five to Eight ; en Sandays from Eleven to One.

A R R I A E.
TM
One half the wend are desolately- single, and the other
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, er a
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
bitter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
comprosiag hurry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
and social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and justice denaaad that health should form as 'tens
in the esnapact ; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er
neglect waund more sorely than poverty sr misfortune. Reader, it
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
‘IEMOIRS ' Oa Single and Married Life," pub. in 3 vols., is.
each (by *ost, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
*refixed, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hinder-Al
oy misinterpretatien of their supposed contents, from obtaininc
them. They are net intended certainly for mere idle cariosity, but
ter the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
together, are a disgrace is the age. Furthermore, two other
little publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
life, whe owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—to live after natare's laws—and te keep always
on the " sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street ; Mann,
39, Cornhill ; Nelson, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other-
w.se) from the anther (who may be conferred with personally,
m)rnings and evenings), 10, Argyll-plaeo Regent-street; and all
Bsoksallers.

NEWMARKET SECOND OCTOBER 111EETING.
Anticipations of the Cesarewitch Stakes, and other im-
portants of the coming week, by Pegaus, :in Bell's Life
in London, of Saturday next, October 8, with all the
sporting and miscellaneous intelligence of the week.
Bell's Life, price 6d., is regularly published in time for
the newspaper agents to send by all. the Saturday mid-
day railways. The sale of Bell's Life exceeds 27,000.
An extensive range of small tenements, on the
north side of the Gosport-road and adjoining the bar-
racks at Forton, have been purchased for 8,0001., for the
purpose of enlarging the Forton Barracks, now occu-
pied by the Royal Marines.—Hampshire Telegraph.

THE FINANCIAL REFORM
ASSOCIATION.
(Abridged from the Liverpool Mercury.)
One of the most enthusiastic and numerous meet-
ings ever witnessed in this town was held on
Wednesday evening last, at the Portico, to meet the
members of the Financial Reform Association, and to
hear an exposition of the views and objects of that
body. The room was crowded. On the platform
we observed Robertson Gladstone, Esq., Colonel
Williams, J. A. Yates, Esq., John Smith, Esq.,
Charles Holland, Esq., Edward Brodribb, Esq., F.
Boult, Esq., Lawrence Heyworth, Esq., M.P.,
Richard Sheil, Esq., James Thompson, Esq., R.
Farrer, Esq., J. R. Jeffery, Esq., Sir Joshua
IValinsley, H. T. Atkinson, Esq , It. V. Yates, Esq.,
aral others.

On the motion of Mr. SMITH, Robertson Glad-
stone, Esq., was unanimously called to the chair.
The CHAIRMAN, in opening the business, said :
The-first duty which I have to discharge is to ex-
press the gratification I feel in meeting a number of
my fellow-townsmen to discuss a subject which is,
perhaps, of greater vital importance to them than
any other which could be proposed.—(Hear, hear.)
My second duty, and perhaps it ought to have been
my first, is to express my sense of gratitude for being
permitted to preside over this meeting as chairman.
It is not for me, on this occasion, to attempt to harass
your feelings, or to stop for a moment to inquire into
the fearful depression that has for so considerable
a period pervaded every branch of trade. It is not
for me to call to your recollection those painful scenes
that we witnessed some two winters back, when the
poor Irish thronged our streets, driven from their
own country by starvation, imploring charity from
those they happened to meet, and urging their case
still more strongly by thrusting their almost inani-
mate offspring in your faces. I have no desire to recal
to your recollection those painful scenes, but I can-
not forget the contrast. I cannot forget that whilst
that misery was stalking before us there were
those who were drawing to repletion from the
veins of the constitution.— (Cheers.) Now, with
respect to the cause of the depression which
has existed for so long a period to a certain
extent the circumstance of trading beyond our
capital has, undoubtedly, baen one main cause of
distress ; but the present evils under which we all
suffer, In a greater or less degree, arise from exces-
sive taxation—(Loud cheers)—with an undue and
unlimited expenditure.—(Tremendous cheering.) To
remedy these evils the Financial Reform Assoiciation
was first called into existence. In their report,
which has been printed, it has been said, " the
impoverished ration cannot possibly sustain the
prodigal expenditure which it has endured in
better times, and it therefore has now become abso-
lutely necessary that the national revenue should
be economized with the most anxious frugality, and
the expenditure carefully confined within the strictest
limits of indispensable necessity."—(Applause.) Now,
the objects of the Financial Reform Association are,
first, " to use all lawful and constitutional means
of inducing the most rigid economy in the expendi-
ture of the Government consistent with due effi-
ciency in the several departments of the public ser-
vice." No one can object to that proposal.—(Cheers.)
The second object is "to advocate the adoption of a
simple and equitable system of direct taxation fairly
levied upon property and income, in lieu of the
present unequal, complicated, and expensively col-
lected duties upon commodities." Now, gentle-
men, the Financial Reform Association are not
satisfied in seeking to keep the expenditure within
the income, but what they contend is, that the ex-
penditure should be reduced.—(Loud cheers.) Our
gross revenue is somewhere about fifty-nine or sixty
millions a year. Of that sum, about four millions
or upwards never reach the Exchequer. These four
millions are expended in the collection of the
revenue by the officers of the Customs and Ex-
cise. Now, to give you an idea of the
way in which the national expenditure is increased,
I will read to you from this tract, page 1, " The
annual Government expenditure, in time of peace,
exclusive of interest on the nation debt, was, during
the reign of 'George 1., about 2,583,000/ ; George 11.,
2,766,0001 ; George 111., 7,670,109/. ; George IV.
(1828) 21,407,6701.; William IV. (1835) 15,885,649."
This is a very tolerable decrease, and judging from
our present position, we should have been dis-
posed to be satisfied with that expenditure, but during
the current year the expenditure has amounted to
24,280,8041.—(Cries of " Shame, shame.") There-
fore, gentlemen—and I address myself to those who
are not members of this association—you will agree
with me that a reduction of expenditure must be
made, for the people can no longer afford to contri-
bute as they have hitherto done in the shape of taxes.
I would call your attention to an exemplification
of Lord John Russell's desire for an economical Go-
vernment. In. the Queen's Speech, the House of
Commons are thanked for the supplies granted—l
am not at all surprised they were thanked.—
(Laughter.) And then it goes on to say, " I shall
avail myself of every opportunity which the exigen-
cies of the State may allow of enforcing economy."
The passage certainly at the time, although rather
a hacknied one, at once attracted my observation. I
felt a little curious to see what acts of economy had
been performed. Taking the last session as a spe-
cimen, the first thing that occurred to me was the
appointment of a certain individual to the office of
Sergeant-at-Arms, that individual being no less a
personage than Lord John Russell's own brother. I
will give you the duties of that office. The Sergeant-
at Arms used to receive 2,3001. per annum salary; but
at the recommendation of a Parliamentary Committee
it was reduced to 1,5001. per annum, the present sum.
There is also a deputy-sergeant, salary 1,000/. ; an
assistant at 525/. ; a time-keeper at 500/. ; three door-
kt epers, one at 4001., and another at 2001. ; four mes-
sengers at 3001., and four under-messengers, at 105/.
each. All these officers are appointed by the Sergeant
at-Arms, and the messengers have what is no doubt
extremely agreeable—almost no duty.—(Applause.)
But I should like to ask whether a policeman in an
ordinary coat would not discharge that duty at 801.
or 100/. a year just as well as Lord John Russell'si
brother at 1,5001., with all et eateras.—(Cheers.)
So much for Lord John Russell and his sincerity
about economy 1 It just rests with you how
long you will submit.—(Cheers.) But, gentlemen
I fear I can hold out to you no better expecta-
tions from Sir Robert Peel's Government. Sir Robert
Peel's son, a very estimable young man, is now at the
age of twenty-three, in the navy, in command of the
finest vessel her Majesty can boast of. And are there
no other such sons at twenty-three years of age,
equally entitled to such distinction ? There is no ser-
vice in the world where services are so badly rewarded.
I see gray heads amongst us without any reward for
past services. But that system of undue preference,
which arises from class legislation, must, in this
country, be completely put an end to.—(Loud cheers.)
The impression on my mind, on looking into the na
tional accounts, and seeing Honourable Lord This and
Lord That drawing large sums, which would be very
acceptable to us, whether merchant or tradesman—l
have been astonished to think how their minds could
be reconciled to such a complete state of beggary that
they should receive money under such circumstances.
—(Loud cheers.) The chairman then referred to
the providence of God, and said that the four quarters
of the globe each produced their fruits, varying in
their kinds, but all conducing to one great object—
the use and benefit of mankind ; but here it was that
man interposed between the Giver and those who it
was intended should receive, and he instanced the
cases of tea, sugar, coffee, and other articles, the ne-
cessaries of life, as charged with exorbitant duties.
The members of that association might be called de-
structives ; but he believed the result would prove that
they were the only friends of the constitution.—
(Cheers.) The aristocracy never knew what a want
was, or if they did experience it for a moment, that
want was immediately gratified. Unfortunately that
was not the case with those who were placed in a dif-
ferent position of society. He hoped, however,
that they might yet be brought to pursue a wise
course, for he had desired to see them act as the best
friends of the country. If no step was to be taken to
ameliorate the',lcondition of the people of the coun-
try; if nothing was to be conceded, then, on them let
the responsibility rest.—(Loud cheers.), But he
would rather find that they were animated with that
feeling which the poet had described when he said—
" Far wiser he whose sympathizing mind,
Exults in all the good of all mankind."
(The Chairman resumed his seat amidst loud and con-
tinued cheering.)
Mr. LAWRENCE HETWORTU, M.P., moved the first
resolution—" That considering thelprivationsof the in-
dustrious classes, no measure of financial reform can
meet the requirements ofour national position, or satisfy
the reasonable expectations of the country, which
aims merely at equalizing the public income and ex-
penditure, without at the same time providing for a
material diminution in the present overwhelming load
of taxation, by the most unsparing retrenchment in
all the departments of the public service." The re-
solution referred, amongst other matters, to the pri-
vations which the labouring classes were now en-
during, and which had been in existence for upwards
of two years; they had been felt in every corner of
this empire, and to a fearful extent in Ireland, and
such privation, there was no doubt, had resulted from
heavy and oppressive taxation, and the want of a
demand for the labour of the people. The working

classes were those most affected by the taxation of the
I country, as they paid the greatest share of the Excise
and Customs duties ; in fact, one-seventh of the wages
they earned were taken from them in the shape of re-
venue attached to the various articles they con-
sumed. The speaker then alluded to the ircipolicy of
keeping up a large standing army at an enormous
expense. Such a system merely arose out of jea-
lousy—France increased her army, and so England,
as the Legislature told them, must do the same.
He advocated at Rome length the reduction of the
duties on those articles of food used by the poor
man, and a free interchange of those bounties of Pro-
vidence which had been spread in such profusion
over the various countries of the globe ; no one could
suppose that if they had free access to the produce
of the earth there would ever be dearness or
scarcity—as abundance and cheapness were inse-
parably connected. As a remedy for the evils under
which the country laboured, there ought to be a
reduction of expenditure in the various departments
of the Government, as recommended by the asso-
ciation which had called them together that evening,
and more particularly the departments of the
army and navy. Let the Government reduce
the duties as much as possible on the commodities
used by the labouring people, and if the Members of
Parliament would lay on take, let them tax their
own property.—(Applause.) He preferred direct to
indirect taxation, as people then knew the amount
they had to pay, and would be more strict to see that
every economy was exercised in laying out their
money, and he concluded by calling upon the meet-
ing to second the efforts of the association in de-
manding that the utmost retrenchment should be
carried out on all the departments of the public
service.—(Cheers.)
Mr. RICHARD Sum. secended the resolution.—lt
was clear that our national expenditure had got con-
siderably beyond the income; and instead of doing
what every prudent and economical member of
society would have done under similar circumstances
—reduced the expenditure to meet the income—Go-
vernment were adopting the expedient of raising the
income to meet au extraordinary expenditure. —(Hear,
hear.) A few years Ego, Sir R. Peel, when at the
head of the Administration, proposed an income-tax.
Now, he (Mr. Shiel) did not object to an income-tax
as a matter of principle, because he believed, as had
been said by the chairman, that an income-tax was
the fairest and best of all taxes; but he objected to an
income-tax levied from him who might get 5001. a
year which depended on his energy and industry,
and the exertions of his faculties, so long as he had
health and strength to exert them, and which might
be taken away from him at any momeat, and which
required no more from him who had 5001. per annum
from landed property, which might, after his own life,
be made of advantage to his successors.--(Hear.)
The CHAIRMAN put the resolution, which was car-
ried unanimously.
Mr. FRANCIS BOULT moved the second resolution,
" That in the opinion of this meeting no Government
can or ought to retain the confidence of the people,
which does not avow, and to the utmost possible ex-
tent act upon, the determination to deal justly with
all classes, by an equitable adjustment of the burden
of taxation ; so that, instead of pressing, as now, on
the springs of industry, limiting the consumption of
commodities, restricting the operations of commerce,
and causing social privations and distress, the neces-
sary revenue shall hereafter be levied by a direct im-
post on the members of the community, in proportion
to their respective ability to contribute." In doing
so he referred to the enactment of the first poor-law
in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, which was not en-
titled an Act for the relief of the poor, but for setting
to work those who did not choose to work, thus
showing that it was at that time considered a crime
against society for a man to attempt to live in idle-
ness on the industry of others. It was hard that after
sending men to Parliament to represent their interest,
the people should be obliged to leave their business
and their families to come and teach those members
what was for the benefit of society and of the coun-
try.—(Hear, hear, and laughter.)
Mr. EDWARD BRODRIBB, in seconding the motion,
said the resolution pledged the meeting to the use of
all means necessary to obtain an equitable adjustment
of taxation. That argued that the present system of
taxation was otherwise than equitable—was unjust.
Looking to Parliamentary returns, he found that the
gross amount of taxation for the year ending the sth
of January, 1847, was 58,438,0001., a sum almost
sufficient is overwhelm one's comprehension, without
thought. This sum was raised by what was called
direct and indirect taxation. The,fifty-eight millions
of taxes were received under eight heads. The first,
customs and excise produced 37,290,0001.; the cost
of collecting, 1,924,0001. Stamps produced 7,676,0001.;
and the cost of collecting, thbg being. a direct tax,
only 154,0004 The *land tax, 1,166,0001. Assessed
taxes, 3,309,000/.; cost of collecting, 317,000/.
Income-tax, 5,524,000/. ; cost of collecting, nothing!
Post-office, 1,964,000/. ; cost of collecting, 1,126,000/.
Crown lands, 394,000/. ; cost of collecting, 259,0001.
Other ordinary revenue, 427,0001 ; cost of collecting,
59,0001. China money, 663,000/. Given to the
army and navy by superannuation and other allow-
ances, 365,0001. Making a total of 58,438,0001., and
a total cost of collecting of 4,206,0001. Eight ar-
ticles yielded a revenue of 30,843,0001.—spirits,
8,376,000/. ; beer, 5,371,0001 ; wine, 1,892,000/. ;
tea, 5,112,000/. ; sugar, 4,050,0001.; coffee, 757,0001. ;
tobacco, 4,319,0001.; and soap, 966,000/.—(llear.)
He would impress upon them this fact in a concise
form that they might take it away with them, think
over it, and make it a text on which to instruct their
children, that eight articles, without which the break-
fast, dinner, or tea table of any decent labouring man
cannot be furnished, paid 31 millions to the revenue.
—(Hear.) Look at the taxes on soap ! Why, if
cleanliness is next to godliness, where, he would ask,
was the piety of the Legislature
?—(Loud cheers.)
Taxation had become now so burdensome
that it
must either be abridged, or they must have a suffrage
commensurate with taxation—an extensive universal
suffrage.—(Loud cheers)
Mr. RICHARD FARRER supported the resolution.
Sir JosIIUA AVALMSLEy supported the motion. He
was exceedingly glad to find that those
them
once
differed in opinion from the
full countenance and support.
The chairman had spoken
to them that night in a manner worthy of himself. The
chairman had
given to things their right names. He
had spoken out as a man. Although there might
be points in which he might not fully concur in the
views taken, he did not concur that taxation was un-
justly levied and unfairly proportioned between the
oligarchy and the people.—(Cheers ) The subject of
local taxation was one which had had a great deal of
his attention, and, no doubt, that of the National Con-
federation. He had had some conversation with the
gentlemen who conducted that association, and he
found they took a wide and comprehensive view of
the subject of local taxation. They must bear .in
mind that the general taxation was upwards of sixty
millions, but then the local taxation—that was taxa-
tion levied on the
_people generally—was something
like fourteen or fifteen millions. That this pressed
heavily on the industrious classes and pressed pecu-
liarly heavy on the shopkeeping Classes, who were de-
prived of the luxuries of life, many of them of the
comforts of life, and very many ,of them, he feared,
were hardly able to find the necessaries of life. Look-
_ Russia, Prussia,
_
Look-
ing at the taxes of the United
States,
and Austria, what did they find ? That the taxation
did not exceed from 9s. to 125. per head, whilst in
England it reached 525. 6d.—(llear.) But they
should go further, and see who paid the taxes here. In
other countries the land paid the greater portion of the
taxes ; but here the land only paid one million and a
half, because our legislators owned the land. It
became necessary, therefore, that the people should be
was Liver-
poolnesow was the country situated ?
properly represented.—(Cheers.) How
situated ?
Look around them. Half of the constituencies of
this county was acknowledged at once to be in the
hands of the oligarchy. A great deal more than
that were in the hands of the oligarchy. They had
all the counties. He did not call them by the name
of Whig and Tory..--(Loud cheers.) They were to
him all alike. The whole of the people that ruled
this country did not exceed some twenty or thirty
families. They had the power, and they might be-
lieve him that the House of Commons was little better
than a registration committee of the House of Lords.
If any one would take
the trouble to inquire, they
would find that in a very few families they divided
their 10,0001., 15,0001., 20,0001., 60,0001., and even
90,0001. a year amongst themselves and their depu-
ties. Were they likely to give up this ? Not likely.
Very few would give up so rich a a
struggle. But
purse without
it was for the people of this coun-
try to struggle to take it from them. If they won't
do justice of themselves the people will do justice to
them—they will do no more than justice. They re-
fused them not their fair right, stake, and interest in
place us on a
the country, but they asked them to
fair equality as freemen with them. This they
demanded, and no less would they take.—(Cheers.)
It had been well observed by their chairman that
great expense was incurred in the army, navy, and
miscellaneous estimates. What was our army main-
tained for ? Were they threatened with invasion,
here, there, or anywhere ? No ; all were at peace
with us. They had 138,000 men in effective service,
37,000 in ineffective service, as it was called, 16,000
men in the yeomanry, 9,000 or 10,000 men in the
dock works, 43,000 men in tbe fAvy, and 25,000