The Sun.
London, England, 1848-11-07 00:00:00

N0.17,509.] LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY
COMPANY.
Notice is hereby given, that a SI'ECIAL GENERAL MEETING
of the PROPRIETORS of SHARES in the GREAT WESTERN
RAILWAY COMPANY will be held at the Paddington Station on
the 13th day of December, 1848, at ono o'clock precisely, for the
purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of snaking an ap-
plication to Parliament for powers to amalgamate that Company
with the London and North-Western and the London and South-
Western Railway Companies, jointly or separately, and also to con-
alder the preliminary and other arrangements proposed in con-
nexion therewith, and for other special purposes.
And if it shall be determined to make the said application to Par-
liament, there will be submitted to the Proprietors Af shares, present
at stich meetimr, for their approval, the draft of a Bill to be intro-
duced in the next Session, with the title and for the purposes follow-
ing (that Is to say), " A Bill to authorise the Amalgamation of the
London and North-Western, the Great Western, and the London
and outh-Western Railway Companies, with powers for the Amal-
gamation of the Great Western Railway Company with either of the
other Companies, and for other purposes."
The Chair will be taken at One o'clock precisely.
C. RUSSELL, Chairman.
C. A. SAUNDERS, Secretary.
Paddington Station, Nor. 2, 1848.

tb; OUTII YORKSHIRE, DONCASTER, and
17, t4OOLE RAILWAY.

NOTICE TO SHAREHOLDERS,

The Directors of the South Yorkshire, Doncaster, and Goole Rail-
way Company having, under the power of the Act of Incorporation,
this day paced a resolution, calling for an INSTALMENT of IT. on
each Share in this Company, to be paid on or before the 15th day of
January, 1849 ; shareho:ders are hereby required, in conformity
with such resolution, to pay, on or before the said 15th day of Janu-
ary, 1849, the amount of such Call, to one or other of the undermen-
tioned Bankers :
London—Messrs. Currie and Co.
Sheffield—The Sheffield Banking Company.
Doncaster—Sir William Cooke, Bart., and Co.

And In default therea, they will be charged with Interest at the
rate of 51. per cent. per annum from that day until the said Call be
actually paid. _ _

By order of the Board of Directors,
J. CHARLES lIANDFIELD, Secretary.
N.B. No Shareholder can transfer any Share until the said Call be
paid upon every share held by him.
Secretary's Offices, 33, Norfolk-street, Sheffield,
November 4, 1848.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET.

A Lecture on Sanitary Measures connected with the Progress of
Cholera and ether Epidemics, ►y Dr. Ryan, daily, at 'Ulf-past
Three, and on Monday. Weeirteedo,T. and Friday Evenings, at. Nine
it'clock.—:Alse- on the Manufacture of Gotta Perch*, by Dr. Bach-
hoffner, Mornings and alternate Evenings.—An entirely new Phan-
tasmagoria, ►y Childe, every Evening at Eight o'clock, with ap-
propriate Music —The Dissolving Views, with historical descriptions.
—The Chromatrope, with New Effects.—The Microscope at One
o'clock daily.—Dicer and Diving-bell.—Working Models explained.
Open daily front Eleven to Five , and in the Evenings (including
Saturday) from Seven till Half-past Tea.
Admission, la.—Scheols, Malf-price.—Th• Now Catalogue, is.

NICOLL'S REGISTERED PALETOT.—This
most gentlemanly and useful over-coat retains its original mo-
derate price, and being adapted for the autumn and winter months,
has already been honoured with the patronage of his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, Prince. George of Cambridge, Prince Edward of S'axe-
Weimar, his Grace the Duke of Wellington, and the chief ornaments
of the Court, the Pulpit, and the Bar. The above can be obtained
In London only of H. J. and D. NICOLL, 114, 116, 120, Regent-
street, and 22, Cornhill.
THE NATIONAL GUARD.
The visit from France of the National Guard
Is a capital theme for the mercantile. bard,
Who, with every good Englishman, heartily cries -
" Three cheers for our neighbours and friendly allies."
The National Guard, from accounts that are written,
Seem highly delighted at visiting Britain,
And wherever the good 4allic strangers have been,
They've declared themselves pleased at the sights they have seen.
The writer of this being present, for one,
When the National Guards came to MOSES and SON,
Can attest to the pleasure which each seemed to show
As he wond'ring stroll'd through the mighty depOt,
Not one cf the visitors failed to admire
The ~hops sot apart for the sale of
ATTIRE.
They noticed the mart in its business design,
And they noticed the dress, which they thought very fine.
At the sight of the fashions each heart seemed to glow
(And Frenchmen are judges of fashion, you know),
And every one gave the peculiar shrug
On seeing the Over-Coats, stylish and snug,
Not a guard did I notice but seemed to be won
By the elegant dresses of MOSES and SON.
After they inspected the prime
HATS AND CAPS,
In which you'll imagine some time would elapse,
And I scarcely need say that the National Guard,
On seeing the goods, stared remarkably hard,
Such indeed was the case, and I didn't see one
Who gave not due credit to MOSES and SON.
They next made their way to the prime
BOOTS AND SRO!, S,
Which of course they had n' disposition to lose,
And here (for I judge from the shrug and the start),
They were equally pleased with the grand City Mart,
As, d I certainly thought they were " sensible Sirs,"
When I saw how delighted
URS.
they were with the
" Well done, Messrs. Moses; well done," said each man
(I give the translation as well as I can);
And having applauded these winter affairs,
They looked at the
OUTFITS AND HOSIERY WARES,
Which goods pleased them well, as the others had done,
And caused ahem to compliment MOSES and SON.
And be it remembered that, after inspection,
Each one of the "Nati,nals" made a selection.
Many thanks, gallant Guards, for your liberal aid,
With warmth is this public acknowledgment made,
And with this very view did the mercantile bard
. . _

Select for his subject the " National Guard."
E. MOSES and SON invite especial attention to their Shooting-
:oats, which possess a peculiar cut and style, adding much comfort
in the At. E. M. and A. are convinced they will be much approved
of by the public.

- _
Shooting Coats, in a ♦ariety of materials from Is. 6d. to 21s.
The Doeskin, or Elastio Coat, 17s. ed. to 328.
LIST OF PRICE,.
ILIADT WADE.
- - -

Aatuinn and Winter Coats, in all the sew styles—from £0 9 6
Ckesterlield and Codrington's, alai every deseriptioa
of Over-coals, handsomely trimmed .. •• .• • ...... 1 i 0
The Premier.. •••••• • • • • • • ....... ...... 0 15 •
...... 1 6 0
Shooting Coats.... •• • • •• • ........... ............. • II
Autumn aid Winter Trousers .. • • .... •• • • e 4 4
Doeskin ditto ....................................0 12 6
Autumn aid Winter Tests ....
Frock dc •• • .......... .•••••••• •• •• •••• •• •• •• •• 1 4
•
Boys' itassar and Tunis Slut/ ••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • I 16 6
YAM' TO XIAIIIIIII.

Alt uran and Vr titer Coats, in all the newest style rom Z 1 6
Milled cloth Coat •• • • ••••.• • • • • 2 2 0
Tweed Trousers • •• •••••• • • • • • • 0 II 6
reseed wrappers • • ...• ......... ..... .......... • • 0
New Patent Trousers, in all the approved styles. • 0 16 6
1 2 0
Doeskin Trousers... •.• .• ..... .• •• • • •• •
Best, or Dress •• • • • • ..... .••..••. • • • • • .• •" • • 1 6 0
Dress Coats
Best quality 1 15 0
...... •..••••.•.•• • • • • • • • • • " .. 215 0
3 3 I
Cassimers Vest • ...• •••••••••••••••• • • • • •• • • • • • • • • 0 6
Satin, Plain or Fancy ••••••.••••••• • • • • • • " • • • • ' • 0 12 0
litussar and Tunic Suits .. ••••••.•••• • • • • • • • • •
Mourning to any extent at Five Minutes notice.
A Suit of Clothes complete for 11. 16s.
E. MOSES aid SON beg to call the attention of Emigrants to
their low lists of outfits, commencing (including every necessary) at
ns., lower if required. The 16t can be had on application, or seat
port free.
N. 11.—E. MOSES and CON invite especial attention to their pre-
sent Stock of juvenile attire. The designs are elegant and unique,
and the workmanship and materials aro suck as to command univer-
•al approbation, while at the same time the prices are unusually mo-
derate.

Yfet,co.—A New Department for the sale of Parasols and Chil-
lren's Dresses has been opened at 157, Minorles.
Observe.—Any article purchased, ready "lade, or mania to mea-
tus, if not approved of, will be exchanged, or if preferred, the
money returned.
E. MOSES and S•N, Tailors, Woollendrapers, Clothiers, Hatters,
Rosters, Furriers, Boot and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters, for
Ladies and Gentlemen, 154, 155, 156, aid 157 Minories, aid 83,
64, 65, and 86 Aligate, City, London.
Caatten.—E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the
publie against impostors, but have learned that the untradesrnau-
like falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern,
has been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons.
They have no connexion with any other house in or out of London;
and these who desire genuine and cheap clothing, &0., should call at,
or send to, Miuories and Aldgate, City, London.
Notice.—Wo business transacted at this establishment from sun-
set Friday, till sunset Saturday, when bugles is resumed till twelve
o'clock.

A E R I A Cr E.
M Ono half the wend are desolately single, and the otker
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
bitter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
if caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
comprosing harry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
and social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and justice demand that health should feria as item
in the compact ; tt alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er
neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, ll
these surmises concern yet, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
-lEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. in 2 vols., Is.
each (by post, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
sy misinterpretation of their imposed contents, from obtaining
them. They arc not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but
for the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
ogether, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
ittle publications claim yoar attention (same price Is. eack,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not Merely
pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
Ife, who ewes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
iervanee of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—te live after satire's laws—and to keep always
)a the " sunny side of the way." The above works may be lad if
Sherwood, 23, Paternurer-row ; Carvalhe, 147, Fleet•street • Mann,
19, Cornhill ; Nelson, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other-
wise) from the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings and cveaints), 10, Argyll-plaeo keeent-street ; and all
&Ink:v.llnm

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on steel.
)N ruYsIcAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
gew Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 64. In postage stamps,
FHB SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
A_ the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
aessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, end tke means of obviating certain dis-
lualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
PERRY and CO., 19, Berners-stroet, Oxford-street, London.
Published by the Authors : sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ;
fiannay, G 3, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Starie, i 3, Titehborne-
street, Haymarket ; and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
Pater 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive indul-
once, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity.
It is illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. The consequences of early neglect and of the abuse
mercury, are also clearly pointed out. This section is illustrated
'3y Seventeen Coloured Engravings.
PART Iv. treats of the Prevention of Disease by a simple ap-
elication, by which the danger of infection is obviated. Its action
is simple but sure. It acts with the virus chemically, and destroys
its power on the system. This important part of the Work should
`A read by every Young Man entering into life.
Pawl' V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
luties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
'he whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
TanCosalat BALM cr :MIAMI( is exclusively employed in treat-
nz n.rvous an sexual debility, impotence, kc., I 1 s And 335. per
battle. The Concentrated Deterstve Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infectioa, secondary symp-
toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, and 338. per bottle.
Perry'', Purifying specific Pills, 'ls. ed., 4s. 6d., and its, per box, a
certain .emedy in gonorrhma, gleet, strictures, and chronic inflamma-
tion of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, 11. bl. Packets
with advice Lobe had at the FAtablishment only, by which the fee,
11., is saved. Attendance daily at 19, Bernere-street, from Eleven
Two, and Five to Eight; on Sandayo from Eleven to One.

rJEW GAS EURNERS.-ROYAL LETTERS
PATENT.—Their names are, the Star—the Comet—the
Golden—the Glass—the Ring—and the Reflecting Burners. It is
proved, beyond doubt, by men of Science and gas engineers, that no
other Gas Burners bear comparison with them. Bright as crystal is
the light. Ise smoke emitted. The most economical and the most
elegant of all. The improvements are so evident, all should have
them.

CANDLE LAMPS.-BY ROYAL LETTERS
PATENT.—Every improvement possible is now secured. A
doable ckain spring. A detached cup to receive the overflow. Pu-
rity of light, caused by the intimate connexion o' oxygen with the
point of ignition ; thus nothing is left undone. The designs are chaste
or gorgeous. All tastes can be suited. English opal, or cut and
gilded Bohemian glass lamps, and papier macho pillars richly em-
blazoned, to be had at all prices. The best and cheapest stock to
select from is at the Establishment of the METROPOLITAN LIGHT
COMPANY, RICHARD CLARK, Resident Manager, 447, West
Strand, corner of Adelaide-street.

ON NERVOUS DEBILITY AND GENERATIVE DISEASES.
Just published, the Thirty-sixth Thousaid, al improved edition, re-
vised and corrected, 126 pages, price 2s. in a sealed envelope, or
forwar led by the Authors, post paid, to any address, secure from
_ _ .

observation, for 2s. 6d., in postago stamps, illustrated with nu-
merous Anatomical Coloured Engravings.
MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PREMA-
TURE DECLLNE, with Plain Directions for its PERFECT
RESTORATION.

A Medical Essay en those Diseases of the Generative Organs,
emanat ng from Solitary and Sedentary Habits, indiscriminate Ex-
cesses, the Effects,of Climate and Infectionditc., addressed to the
sufferer in Youth, Manhood, and Old Age; with Practical Remarks
on Marriage, the Treatment and Cure of Nervous and Mental De-
bility, Impotency, Syphilis, And other Urine-Genital Diseases, by
which even the most shattered constitution may be restored, and
reach the full period of life allotted to Man. The whole illustrated
with numerous Anatomical Engravings on Steel, in colour, explain-
ing the various functions, secretions, and structures et the repro-
ductive Organs is health and disease ; with instructions for private
correspondence, cases, &c.
By J. L. CURTIS and CO., Consulting Surgeons,
7 . Frith-street, Soho-square, London.

" Manhood.' A Medical Work.—Te the gay and thoughtless we
trust this little work will serve as a beacon to warn them of the
danger attendant upon the toe rash indulgence of their pa ;along,
whilst to some it may serve as a monitor in •the hour of tempta-
tion, and to the afflicted as a sure guide to health."—Chronicle
" Manhood.' By J. L. Curtis, and Co.—Their long expt rlence
and reputation is the treatment of these painful disease./ is the
patient's guarantee, and well deserves for the work its immense cir-
ulation."—Era.

" Curtis on Manhood' should be In the hands of youth and old
age.t is
of a a m
classelic oalpf fulupballienationn ably written, an 4, developes the
treatment maladies which has too long been
the prey of the illiterate and the designing."— United Service
Gazette.

The Parent, who beholds his beloved child pining away, and fast
approaching to a premature grave, in consequence of some disease,
which, for want of careful investigation of its real cause, has been
set down to the score of consumption, will, en perusing this work,
be astonished to find, that in nine-tenths of the cases of young per-
sons of both sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary con-
sumption, heart disease, takes, Sec., the sole and exclusive origin has
been the Indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by youth
couch more frequently than it is at all suspected.
N.B. flours of consultation from Eleven till Two, and Six to
Hitht +n the Eventnn.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERSALL'S.—YESTERDAY.
LIVERPOOL NOVEMBER STEEPLECHASE.
5 to 1 agst Captain Madock's Proceed—taken
7 to 1 agst Lord Strathmore's St. Leger
7to 1 agst Mr. Buchanan's Alfred-8 to 1 tkn freely
20 to 1 agst Captain Barnett's Boxkeeper—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. Harrison's Venom—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. Westley's Royston Gower—taken
5 to 4 on the field agst the first three—taken
CHESTER CUP.
1,000 to 15 agst Mr. Pedley's Cossack—taken 12 times
1,000 to 15 agst Mr. Bouverie's War Eagle—taken
1,000 to 15 ag.t Mr. Eddison's Hetman Platoff colt
It is as well to mention that the betting on the above
race is " enter or not."

DERBY.
9 to 2 agst Lord Eglinton's Flying Dutchman—t
sto 1 agst Scott's lot
7to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Tadmor—taken
13 to 1 agst Lord Clifden's Honeycomb
16 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Osterley—taken and after-
wards offered
20 to 1 agst Lord Stanley's Uriel—taken
40 to 1 agst Lord Stanley's Strongbow
1,000 to 25 tight Mr. Bowes's The Knout (Emma colt)
—taken
1,000 to 10 agst Lord Orford's Firefly colt—tkn to 601.
The two favourites were backed for two or three hun-
dred each; and Osterley and Uriel for a " rouh au"
each, at the quoted odds. Honeycomb was quite out of
favour.

HUNTING APPOINTMENTS.
Mr. Trelawny's hds., Sat., Old Marla), Lodge.
The Cheltenham stags hds., Fri., the sixth milestone
on the Tewkesbury road-12.
The Cheshire hds., Wed., Tweralow Hall; Thurs.,
Tabley Pa, k ; Sat., Darnhall.
The Earl of Harewood's hds., Wed., Galeforth Com-
mon; Fri., Tadcaster Bar; Sat., Hook Moor-101.
Tie Tiverton hds., Wed., Dulverton; Sat., Quirk•-
hill-10;.

SINGULAR HIGHWAY ROBBERY IN DERBYSHIRE.
—As Mr. John Frost, watch and clock repairer, of Crich,
was returning home from Ripley fair on the 23d ult.,
and when near the Old Brewery, Ripley, he was attacked
by fur men, two of whom " blufted" him with a hand-
kerchief, and 1-,eld his arms backwards, whilst the other
two rifled his pockets. They took from him his watch,
and a lew shillings in silver, and instantly disappeared.
What makes the circumstance more singular is, that, on
his recovering himself from the fright which the uttack
naturally caused, and when übont proceeding on the
road, one of the robbers returned to him, and asked him
if he had not been robbed. Mr. Frost answering in the
affirmative, the robber held the watch up to his face, and
asked him if that was his watch; he replied it war, and
that he should like to have it back, as it was a faintly
watch. The robber then inquired of him if he had any
more money; he replied "not that he knew of," sup.
Dthuerinrgohhhiesrcsoneav;re-
when they seized time, and again
ap
wt hith thaed tmakanen
tawllehemehraed .
of
second
up, him a
searched his pockets, but finding
nothing, they gave him
night' On his
his watch, and wished him "Good •
arrival home, Mr. Frost had the good fortune to find
two half-crown pieces in one of his pockets, which had
escaped the robbers' notice.—Derby Reporter.
EARLY CLOSING MOVEMENT.— The early closing
movement is going on at an accelerated speed, and the
association is now endeavouring to raise a fund of 1,000/
in order to enable them to follow up its previous suc-
cesses with increased energy and effect. We find, from
an advertisement which appeared in our paper of yester-
day, that a meeting of the association is to be held this
evening, at the Literary Institution, Aldersgate•str,et,
at which we hope to find the friends of the movement
mustering in great strength.
A LOVER PUNISUED.—The village of Harewood
was nearly " frightened from its propriety"
a few even-
ings ago, by a messenger from Weeton, " bloody e ith
spurring—fiery red with haste," bearing the news that
"Jack had puazand hissen, and was oratnost deed,
and t'doctor was to gan away directly." Away went
the doctor, and found Jack apparently suffering from the
effects of some poison which he said he had taken. The
medical man proceeded to apply the stomach-pump, but
Jack resisted this, and declared he only wanted to die in
peace. The doctor, however, was not to be put off in
this way, but mustered assistance, and, " will ye, nill
ye," deluged the luckless w;ght with water, and emptied
his stomach, in the hope of removing the poison. Now,
as this was a proceeding the youth had not contemplated,
and by no means agreeable, as soon as he got his mouth
to himself, he confessed that he had taken nothing, but
had been "shamming," in the hope of inducing a young
lady to listen to his suit, but she declined the honour,
end was on Use eve of her marriage with a most respect.
able person in the next village. Of course, the disap-
pointed lover has now been punished for his rashness,
and will not again report himself to be poisoned.—
Leeds Intelligencer.
Ace
eaVhr
emEr
Carmarthen
hhneeneol :a
Thomas,
master,
ecEro.,--nfsreTecimhu eesn
Nantes
tuoegfs ettneheec,
tempestuousarad
iifFrwenhcehn
schooner,
state of the weather, on Saturday evening last, put into
the port of Llanelly. Not being able to obtain a pilot,
and seeing some other vessels bound in, she made for
them, and succeeded in crossing in safety the Hooper
Sands, amidst the breakers. She followed the vessels
io mh parriedetth
e vessels, with ra n
until within a mile or two of a place of safety in the
ahand d g t
a te h
h i cakh
rme iset a, wthheen
ss hkee
rl o a
agt
port, when suddenly a violent squall of wind arose, ac
c
little above Machynis Point, where, we are sorry t say,
she received considerable injury. The cargo, which con-
sists of 70 or 80 tons of potatoes, has been landed.
Carmarthen Journal.

ARSON IN THE CITY.--A WAREHOUSE IN BREAD.
STREET WILFULLY FlRED.—Yesterday afternoon Mr.
W. Payne, the City Coroner, resumed at the Gerard's
Hull, Basing-lane, City, the investigation, adjourt.ed
from Saturday week last, into the cause of a fire on the
premises of Mr. Ansley, silk and shawl warehouseman,
No. 60, Bread-sweet. Cneapside. From the evidence it
did rot appear that there was anything to cause sponta-
ne ills combustion. The stock was insured in the Royal
Exchange for 1,500/., while the value of that found after
the fire was 6001, Mr. Anstey stating that he had more
goods som. times than at others. The jury, after deli-
btrating a short time with closed doors, returned a ver-
dict of " That the fire was wilfully caused by some
person or persons unknown."
THE LATE ACCIDENT IN GLASGOW.—We are gra-
tified to learn that the appeal made on behalf of the un -
fortunate families of those who perished at the fall of
Mr. Wilson's sugar-house has been responded to with
great cheerfulness and liberality, a sum of nearly 300/.
hawing bee❑ already subscribed for this purpose. No-
thing could exceed the philanthropic feeling displayed
by the subscribers to the Royal Exchange when their
subscriptions were solicited for the object.—North British
Daily Mail.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS

FReM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

TIMES.—At this moment the most numerous
the most wealthy, and the most intelligent of out
county constituencies is seeking for a Member tt
represent it in Parliament. The West Riding o:
Yorkshire is perplexed to find a successor to the seat
which Lord Alorpeth's accession to the Peerage he.
left vacant. No wonder that such a search shout
be prosecuted with heat, alacrity, and at the sam-
time fastitl'ousness. The largest district of the largest
county in England has a right to be scrupulous it'
selecting its representative. The district whist' blends
the most striking features of manufacturing enter-
prise with the most imposing characteristics of terri-
torial influence has a claim to the services of no ig-
noble senator. But its title is ill-defined by tin
boundaries of its area, or the amount of its wealth
Though it combine the grimy and aspiring energy o'
Leeds, Bradford, and Sheffield, with the less modern
pretensions of Harewood, Bramham, and Went-
worth, it has political associations which are
more precious than the opulence of its towns, or
the ancestral reminiscences of its villages. It
has been the source or the scene of the most stirring
election contests which are known to this genera-
tion. Before the Reform Bill had established the
principle of county divisions, the West Riding had
excited and distracted the great shire by the rivalry
of its own candidates. The election wars of the
houses of Lascelles and Fitzwilliam were more fami-
liar to all Yorkshiremen than the war of succession,
and on many of them had entailed a greater, but self-
imposed, burden of taxation. The contests since the
Reform Bill have been as momentous as those which
preceded it, as well when their result was to reject as
when it was to reinstate native candidates; when it
raised Henry Brougham many degrees above the
family interests of a loyal aristocracy, as when it
rewarded the public services o£ Mr. Cobden by ignor-
ing the many but less showy merits of Mr. Denison.
There is not a question of importance which has
not found its hottest battle ground and its most
summary decision on the hustings of the West Rid-
ing. Catholic Emancipation, the Reform Bill, and
Free Trade, have each received their brightest augu-
ries from the freeholders who met at Wakefield.
A constituency of this kind may well feel embar-
rassment in the choice of a representative. Divided
between its historical traditions and its present
aspirations—between the influence of the county and
that of the towns—it may hesitate ere it decide upon
the man who is to speak and vote for it in the Impe
rial Senate. Having been represented for generations
by the leading families of the county, it will be
warped by no illiberal prejudice against the aristo-
cracy; having displaced men of birth and local con-
nexion for Henry Brougham and Richard Cobden, it
will be debased by no unworthy servility in their
favour. Its first predilections will be for a name
associated with it past history; its repudiation will be
of a name which is tarnished, or not worthily sup
parted by its bearer. In such a dilemma some of the
constituency applied to the Hon. Charles Fitzwilliam,
a very young gentleman of ancient family, long con-
fleeted with the politics of the Riding. The young
gentleman almost anticipated the offers of his sup-
porters by the readiness with which he embraced
them. He announced his intention to be a candidate
in terms which were explicit on every other point but
the profession of his political creed. This, for a po-
litical aspirant, was rather an oversight. But much
may be forgiven to youth, and much was forgiven to
his. Accordingly a body of self• constituted delegates
from different towns of the Riding met at Normanton
to extract a more open and direct avowal of his creed,
and to tender to his inexperience a few admonitory
suggestions. His reply was couched in language
which expressed the conflict of modesty with caution.
He was exhorted to give his votes for economical
reform. This elicits a curious but cautious response :
" Economy is a thing so universally acknowledged(?)
that it did not seem to me necessary to mention it in
my address." He was solicited to vote for a gradual
extension of the suffrage. He is obscure in his reply
to this ; but pleads the obscurity of his interrogators.
With regard to the extension of the suffrage," he
writes, " the question concerning it, as put in the re-
solution, was so ambiguous that I did not see how to
give a decided answer, and did not wish to mislead
by a decided one." Accordingly, he gives no answer
at all. But the crowning question was (of course) a
religious question. The Normanton delegates were
mortally atraid lest Ireland should-be-pacified through
the agency of mammon. So they made their adhe-•
rence to the Fitzwilliam colours dependent on the
youthful candidate's pledge to resist any further en •
dowtnent of religion by the State; in other words to
vote against the endowment of the Irish Catholic
Church. But they got nothing by their motion. The
discretion of the aspirant assumes the garb of the
most amiable, but at the same time provoking diffi-
dence. "The most important of the four questions
adverted to is one that has been scarcely mentioned
in Parliament ;;,it would therefore be hardly respectful
to the public, were I, at the eommencetnent of my
political lire, to hazard an opinion on a subject which
has never been calmly and considerately discussed by
the public."..— Was there ever ingenuous candour so
tender and so discreet as this ? Yet, strange to say
it satisfied not the delegates at Normanton. Some
said the reply was vague ; others that it was childish ;
and others there were who cherished the conviction
that the Hon. Charles was " poking fun" at his
constituents. Of course this was at once set
down to "landed" insolence; and will, with the
choicest phrases of this memorable letter, be
kept for a future occasion. So the discontented ones
were convened again. Wakefield put on twice its
e angry habitual gloom to welcome th
The Mayor of Leeds was called to the chair, and ex-
pounded how he had written to Mr. Fitzwilliam, and
how Mr. Fitzwilliam had replied; how he (the
Mayor) had rejoined, and how Mr Fitzwilliam had
taken no notice of his rejoinder. *Then resolutions
were moved and strong opinions expressed—all con-
demnatory of Mr. Fitiwilliam's conduct, though no
three speakers seemed to agree as to the gist of his
offence. Some thought he ought to have said more
about Free Trade:others that there was nothing to be
said about it; some thought he
ought to have deli-
vered a sentiment in favour of extending the suffrage,
but then they disagreed amongT. themselves what
that extension ought to be.
of Then theyß .allh assailed
the contingent payment on it
they
clergy,feue
when to their mutual surprise
they were not at one among themselves as to to the
nearer question of the connexion of Church and
State ; so, in the end, having disputed and divided
one with the other, they unanimously resolved to do
nothing at present, but watch their opportunity.
Now, it appears to us that both the supporters and
the opponents of Mr. Fitzwilliam have overlooked
some essential qualifications in a representative of the
West Riding. The first should remember that a
vast constituency, consisting of great agriculturists
and great manufacturers, should be represented by
some man of political experience and definite pur-
do not wish to depreciate the claims of
pose. We
an hereditary name and ancestral services. The
name of Fitzwilliam is linked
.with many a constitu-
tional battle fouizht in hard times
.against severe odds.
with Catholic Emancipation ; with F.ree Trade in
days when Free Trade had few champions , and with
a long course of public-spirited independence. But
the name of Fitzwilliam should not be thrust upon
Yorkshiremen as a substitute for knowle
habits of busi-
ness. The man who is destitute of these qualifications
is not the fit depository of the sugge_st.ions, the soli-
citudes, the inquiries, and the confidence of some
ustfroir al
some and
20,000 merchants, manufacturers, and
farmers.. Nor,
again, should a county, with so m
social interests of its own, be gapingany
aboutindustrial
go-ahead democrat or flighty sentimentalist. It has
a great mass of local politics itself, which must re-
quire the continual vigilance of nce some man who pos-
sesses local knowledge—of
some man who will not
be above attending to its railroads, it.s highways, its
canals, its collieries, its schools, and its. unions—who
will bring to bear on a number of minutaanbdu
jtudngo.t
;Ind among
unimportant details, obseurovaetwione.;a. ctcoubreacio
rnent. Such men; we
the untitled gentry of the West Riding; and one of them,
we fancy, has already represented that. great division
with credit to himself and satisfaction to his consti-
tuents.
CHRONICLE.—Though we are willing to ac.
knowledge that Mr. George Carr Glyn,
judging
Lords him
by his evidence before the Committee, is one
°Rile most candid opponents of the Bank Act of 1844,
views, upon
we must at the same time pronounce ux
enTrecehiaeltel ids; vhtieee
beA ct rather
the questions on which he
empirical than cornprehens was
producing embarrassment at the particular juncture
when the letter from the Treasury interposed to relax
it, is necessarily conceded by those who, with
OUT
selves regard the issue of that letter, under the ex-
isting circumstances, to have been political and
abene-
ficial. In making this admission we do but acknow-
ledge that in this, as in all other legislative
sltregulations, we must look at the balance of
advan-
tages, that every positive enactment whatever is
subject to the contingency of adverse circumstances,
and that, more especially in cases where the
exercise of discretion is to be regulated, we must
make our account to forfeit some part of the benefit
occasionally to be derived from its free agency, it' we
are to be secured at all times from the, dangers that

TL - N 7 NOVEMBER 7, 1848.

' 'nay result from its unregulated laxity. These are
he principles by which the Act of 1844 ought to he
;ridged, and they require for their application a ssme-
ehat wide survey, and an enlarged judgment. The
nistory of former crises, the conduct of the Bank
i)irt ction at those periods, as well as since the passing
the Act, and the peculiar and very distinct chi
ratter of the two periods ef April and Oetolrer, 1847,
oust be carefully weighed and balanced bef rre a jurrt
•entence can be pronounced upon the merits of the
w. It joust be judged, too, not only by what it
fleeted, but by what it prevented ; the security
which it gave to public credit must be allowed for,
as a large set-off against any pressure which it may
nave occasioned to individuals; and it must never
:se forgo ten how much even of the relief procured
iry its relaxation was due to the beneficial operation
.rf the Act itself. Those who argue, as we find both
many of the witnesses and some on the Committee
ageing, that the pressure of the mercantile world
in the October crisis was gratuitously cruel because
the convertibility of the note was at that very time
beyond the reach of danger, forget that it was owing
to the operation of the law which they arraign that
the credit of the Bank paper throughout that most
trying juncture was never for one moment impaired.
With eight millions of specie in the issue department
at the period in question, in addition to the banking
reserve, the Government were enabled, without any
compromise of convertibility, to offer a latitude which,
if the bullion had been allowed to run down, as in
1799, to 1,200,0001. ; as in 1825, to 1,027,000/.; and
as in 1839, to 2,400,0001., could not have been ven-
tured on without the fearful risk of superadding, to
the commercial embarrassment of 1847, the scandal
and disaster of a currency discredit. It is no question
of alternative or of a comparison between the two
evils. With Mr. Cotton, Mr. Norman, and Mr.
Jones Loyd, we are compelled, by a careful retrospect
of all the circumstances, to conclude, that had the
principles of the law of 1844 not been acted upon,
we should, in all'human probabili`y, have had both.
Now, we cannot help remarking that of the ex-
tensive range of facts which oughs .to form the ele-
ments for a sound decision on this matter, Mr. Glyn
has comprehended but a small secs; or in his view.
The " experience" upon which he so emphatically
condemns the law, is a narrow an microscopic one.
He bends his eye sharply upon a single point of time,
and, without allowing it to take in a wider field of
vision, fastens upon the restrictive enactment of the
law as the cause of all the mischief. He admits, in-
deed, in the most distinct terms (1,648), that the
pressure in April (which was manifestly produced by
the sudden and precipitate contraction of the Bank's
advances) was beneficial, and that it was not carried
beyond the extent required. Though he was not
asked the question, we are sure that he is too can-
did to deny that the rapid rate at which the Bank
had been reducing its Reserve from January to
April, when it came down to two millions and
a half, was brought to a check at that time by
the positive provisions of the Act, and that, but
for the existence of this barrier, the drain would, in
all probability, have gone on. The " bene-
ficial pressure," therefore, which in April rectified
the exchanges, is a circumstance most material
to be included in any estimate of the Act ; and the
train of consequences which, as we may reasonably
presume, must have followed from a contrary pro
ceeding—vie , from not contracting at all, or from
contracting too late—ought to enter largely into the
conclusion which an impartial mind is called upon to
pronounce. It is neither philosophical nor just to
say—" It is impossible for any human being to
imagine what might or might not have happened had
the discretion of the Bank in 1847 been perfectly
unfettered. I see what did take place in fact—l can
count up the number of firms that failed—l know
the rate of interest at which money was screwed up--
I heard what fears were expressed about the confined
position of the Bank—l witnessed the relief which
the relaxation afforded and the satisfaction which it
gave, and therefore I gave it as my opinion, founded
upon these facts, that the Act decidedly failed."
Such appears to us to be the drift of the argument
on which Mr. Glyn grounds his opinion ; but this is
surely not exactly the sort of "experience" by which
measures of wise legislation ought either to be origi-
nated or to be judged of. Mr. Glyn himself has, in
one part of his evidence (1,744), correctly discrimi
nett d the crisis of 1847 from that of 1825, by cha
racterising the former as a banking panic, and the
latter as a commercial one. He has enlarged more
fully in other passages upon the character of the
mercantile failurei and the causes by which they
were produced. In his enumeration of these he dif-
fers little, if at all, except that he gives rather less
weight to the operation of railway calls, -from Mr.
Morris, Mr. Cotton, Mr. Horsley Palmer, and the
other principal witnesses. Like Mr. Cotton, he
ascribes a great part of the ruin of commercid
establishments, at that period, to a speculative
extension of trade wholly disproliitrtiuned to the
apital of the parties. " With some few excep-
tions," says Mr. Glyn, speaking of the failures
in the corn trade, and the East India and Mau-
ritius trade, " (and, there are e sceptions), I am
not prepared to say that those 1 nses ought not
to have failed. As far as I a::. connected with
any of them, there is not one that tght not to have
failed. It turns out now that i 1846 the East
India trade had been carried on t iron a system of
credit to a very great extent." The consequence of
this system, and a very natural etas certainly, the
same witness describes to have been "a great degree
of discredit and want of confiden -e throughout the
country, which was very ranch increased by tke
failure of banks in Liverpool and in other parts of the
country, and, during the week ending the 23d of Oc-
tober, by a general distrust that seemed to operate
amongst nearly all mercantile classes." This picture
is a very true one, and the fact is equally notorious
which Mr. Glyn goes on to allege, that the operation
of this distrust, during which no loan thought himself
safe, and every one doubted the credit of his neigh-
bour, was to induce the hoarding of the circulation
to a very considerable extent. Bankers strength
ened their reserves, and merchants and traders
were anxious to supply themselves with notes
much exceeding their wants, in order
Ito be provided against a possible emergency. Then
it was, when the extent of accommodation given by
the Bank, and the quantity of their notes issued to
the public, exceeded, by many millions, both the
average amount of the circulation and the actual
requirements of trade, that attention was drawn to
the diminished amount of the banking Reserve, re-
duced by about the middle of October to little more
than 2k millions, and an apprehension arose that
" the reserve would soon be driven down so very low
that, in point of fact, persons who were possessed of
property would not be able to convert it into Bat k of
England notes." This is, we believe, a faithful epi-
tome of Mr. Glyn's evidence respecting the October
panic; and when the several parts of his evidence
are thus brought into connexion and harmonised, it
is curious to observe how closely they coincide with
the exposition given of the same events by Mr.
.Jones Loyd, in which that gentleman accurately,
distinguishes the mercantile from the monetary dis-
order, the latter being the effect and not the cause of
the former. " Persons attribute the inconvenience,"
says, Mr. Loyd, viz., commercial embarrassment, "to
monetary derangement, but the monetary derange-
ment was one of the inevitable effects of these circum-
stances, and not one of the causes." The panic, so
far as it was monetary, which grew out of this revul-
sion and distrust, was cured by the interposition of
the Government relaxing the Act. The conclusion
which Mr. Glyn appears toe ready to adopt is, that
wherever there is panic there must necessarily
be erroneous legislation. There is no law that
ever existed which such a test would not con-
demn. For a panic it is impossible to legislate;
the infinite diversity of shapes which it may as-
sume can never be met by any enactment founded
on principle. It defies both foresight and regulation.
The Act of 1844, in permitting 14,000,000/. to be
issued unrepresented by bullion, ar. I yet convertible,
practically repudiates the possibilit.e of guarding
against panic. At the same time it t.akesith
e only
securities against panic which are racismbe though
none are absolutely safe, by adopting the sound prin-
ciple of conforming the variatie -re of the paper
medium to the bullion which it -.presents, and it
thereby secures the currency of ti country against
reasonable alarm. Unreasonable ..!arm, which is
panic, can only be met by discre- ary measures ;
and the question to be decided is, nether this dis-
cretion should be perpetually left psi), to be ready
against such an emergency, or whether it should be
exercised exceptionally, and impromptu when the
crisis has occurred. We shall state on another occa-
sion, our reasons for differing upon this point from
Mr. Glyn.
HERALD.— The Times considers that the
amalgamation of the London and
N proposed
o r th• Iv
es7ern, Great Western, and South-
Western Railway Companies present an ex-
cellent opportunity for the Legislature to
make further encroachments on the rights and
value of railway property. Our contemporary ven-
tures on the assumption, that large profits are synony-
mous with maximum rates of fares and minimum
numbers of trains, and discovers in the operation of
the penny postage, an argument why the state would,
if the proposed amalgamation were granted, "be
bound to claim a power of dictating new branches

[PRICE SD.

new trains, new accommodations, and lower fares."
Our contemporary, whose assumption is as original
. and bold as it is groundless, says, " A monopoly
commanding the traffic of at least half the island,"
alluding to the desired amalgamation of the three
• great companies, "is a property of indefinite and
abnost optional value ; fur it is, in fact, as much as
the fortunate ow:.ers may choose to extract out of
it." Happy, indeed, would be the condition- of
the " fortunate owners," Vt ho have had their property
artirrarily and injuriously interfered with by leg;s-
lative enactments, if what is termed monopoly would
eisabls them to render their traffic " of indefinite
aid almost opti, nal value." So far from the " for-
tunate holders " being able to make as much as they
" may choose to extract out" of a " monopoly" of
reds\ ay traffic, the fact is patent to all who give
the !lightest attention to railway management, that
profi:s are almost entirely dependent, not so much
upon the rates of fares and number of trains, as
upon the character of the traffic which has to be
dealt with. There are but few lines upon which high
fares and a small number of trains would yield the
largest possible amount of net profit, while mode-
rately low fares and an ample number of trains
wi 1 he found the true policy of the majority of
our railway companies. We believe Parliamentary
returns will show that a reduction of high rates
has increased the gross receipts of a railway com-
pany more frequently than it has decreased them,
though we doubt whether in some of the cases,
the increase of the working expenses has not more
than balanced the augmentation of the net income.
Railway statistics prove that the productiveness of
low fares depends in a great measure, not only upon
the amount of population that can be accommodated,
but upon the distance to he travelled, and that while
very low fares, in conjunction with frequent trains,
will develope a very large increase of paying traffic
over short portions of the lines running from the
metropolis, a similar reduction in the fares between
London and Liverpool, or London and Exeter, would
not realise anything like at omparative increase of net
profits. The reason is evident. The persons who can
be induced to travel, for instance, between the metro-
polis and Greenwich, and Pichmond, by the adoption
of low fares and frequent trains, are to be counted by
thousands or tens of thousands, but those who
would be able to take advantage of low fares
end frequent trains between London and Exeter,
and London and Liverpool, are to be counted by
hundreds only. People will not travel 300 or
400 miles simply becau• the fares have been
reduced from 375. or 403. t') 344. or 365. It is but
a comparatively limited few who can find time or
money to make such a journey, and a reduction
beyond a certain amount, which experience seems to
have pretty clearly fixed, results in a loss upon what
may be termed the remunerative customers of railway
companies, without a commensurate increase of traffic
being developed. For example, it is doubted whether
any material reduction in the present rate of fares of
the London and North-Western Company would
much increase the through traffic, and those best able
to judge are of opinion that the fares could not be
further reduced without decreasing the net revenue of
the company. The amount and character of the Lon-
don and North-Western traffic will always oblige the
company to run at least six or seven trains daily to
Liverpool, a number amply sufficient for the present
requirements of the public. The ordinary trains run
the distance in eight or nine hours, and the fares are,
first class, 375., and second class, 275., which are
the maximum fares by Act of Parliament. We
cannot see how, with these facts before us, the
London and North-Western Company would, by its
amalgamation with the Great Western and South-
Western, be able to get as " much as they chose to
extract out of" the passengers travelling by their
railways. " But," says our contemporary, " the tri-
umvirs who have partitioned so large a portion of
this island, and who are now about to ask Govern-
ment to consolidate their rule, may spare themselves
all further trouble in the affair, unless they are pre-
pared to submit to a regular national control. With-
out this condition their demand is extravagant in-
deed. The carriage of passengers is a traffic not eery
different from the carriage of letters. The difference
is more in a few practical difficulties than in principle,
and these practical difficulties have been vastly re-
duced by the invention of the railroad. A monopoly
of letters in the hands of Government, and a monopoly
of passengers in the hands of a private company, would
inevitably suggest that either the one or the other
must be wrong. Railways are now the highways
of England, and therefore of public right. If we
are consigned to one vast management, we must at
least be assured that the convenience of all shall not
be sacrificed to the profit of some. The management
of the Post-office itself will suggest a model. net
revenue to the State might hate been made three or
four times what it is now, but advantage has been
taken of its wealth to cheapen postage, to multiply
communications and deliveries, and in every way to
consult the general convenience. By the same rule
the state will be bound to claim a power of dictating
new branches, new trains, new accommodations, and
lower fares. It is not likely that much dictation will
be necessary, but the State must reserve to itself the
right before it constitutes o vast a monopoly." The
Times altogether mis-states the case. The "trium-
virs" are not, as far as we can understand the matter,
seeking a monopoly, but to put an end to a
ruinous system of competition which has been
encouraged and promoted by the Legislature. Our
contemporary thinks this system has not sufficiently
deteriorated the value of railway property, and the
" State" is now called upon " to claim a power of
dictating new branches, i Iv trains, new accommo-
dations, and lower fares." The three companies in
question do not seek, by the it proposed amalgamation
Bill, to do anything which ,they cannot now indivi-
dually carry out at their pie asure ; all they desire is,
to live in peace with each other for the benefit of
their shareholders, and for the purpose of neutralising
as far as possible the effects of restrictive and aggres-
sive Acts of Parliament. The Times, however, sug-
gests that Parliament should refuse this reasonable
request unless those corporations will consent to
expend fresh capital in the construction of the most
unproductive portion of railways—viz., branch lines;
add to the already unnecessarily large number of
trains, and decrease fares, already, it is believed, too
low to yield a remunerative return to the share-
holders. In what way "the management of the
Post office itself would suggest a model" of " a
regular national control" over the three companies,
should they be amalgamated, we cannot conceive.
If railway passengers could be induced to travel,
and could be carried like letters in " indefinite"
numbers, and if such numbers did not materially
interfere with the cost of transit and rate of speed,
profits would indeed be " optional," and the " fortu-
nate owners" of railways might get as " much as they
chose to extract out of" their passengers ; but we
humbly submit that such is not exactly the case. The
Post-office has not a capital of some fifty or sixty
millions to pay a dividend on, and we cannot under-
stand upon what principle it is the Times claims the
right, on the part of the State, further to interfere
with this enormous amount of private property for
the purpose of benefiting the public, irrespective of
the undoubted rights of the shareholders. It is
very true that the " net revenue" of the Post-
office " to the State might have been made three
or four times what it is now," but it is monstrous
from such a proposition to lay down a principle
that the State will " by the same rule be bound
to claim a power of dictating new branches, new
accommodations, and lower fares," for how the paral-
lel is to be b2rne out unless the suggested supervision
of the State is to reduce the present revenues of the
three companies to a third or fourth of what they now
are it would puzzle the Times to explain. If " the
same rule by which the efficiency of the Post-office
has been increased by a loss of four-fifths of what
might have been realised, is to be applied to the ma-
nagement of railway companies seeking powers to
prevent further deterioration in the value of their
property, it follows that the present net profits are
considered to be three or four times the amount of
what they will hereafter realise. To expect that by
reducing railway fares in the same proportion, or in
anything like the proportion, that the rate of postage
has been decreased, one-half of the present dividends
of the London and North-W' -stern, the Great Western,
and South-Western Companies could be realised,
would be speculating upon an impossibility. If the
shareholders of the Londen and North- Western,
Great Western, and South-Western are to have a
permissive Act granted them on such conditions as
are suggested by the Times, we are quite certain the
discussion upon the propriety of making use of it
will be as short as the decision against its adoption
vi ill be decided and unanimous. We have had too
much legislative interferenea with railway property
already.

CLIHAP FOOD.—At a meeting of the Academie des
Sciences, on the 16th ultimo, a paper was read by
Payne, on the part of the author, M. Flandin, who cx-
hibited some specimens of horse chestnuts fecula, en.
tirely deprived of bitterness, and other specimens of
bread and biscuits prepared r•ith one part of this fecula
and three parts of wheat flour. The author declares
that a horse chestnut is worth as much as a potato, and
that two trees bearing this fruit at the door of every
cottage in the country are equivalent to several acres
of p ,tnto fields, the more so, as the horse chestnut
almost always yields a good crop and requires hardly any
cue.

IRE

MUT 0_
• The initiatory proceedings upon the writ of error
,in the case of Mr. Smith O'Brien will be raised be-
fore the Judges on Wednesday, the 15th instant. It
is calculated that the argument will not occupy the
Court beyond the second day. The decision of their
Lordships, whatever it may be, will apply equally to
all the prisoners capitally convicted at the Special
Commission in Clonmell. Alluding to a report thrt
the 13th had been the day fxed for hearing the argu-
ments, the Freeman's Journ,7 says,---
" This is far from bc,ihg .:cot. Our reasons for
believing this opinion are • led en the practice of
the Queen's Bench relative .grits of error, w hich
may render an argument d • ; the present term riot
altogether probable. It is
.:)e 13th hes been fixed,
errors on
not agthe wuing the main c'• --•rons, but for g aisi_:pinrit. The -ey-Gen(rai may move
the Court to quash the wri. nue fau`t net amenable
by the statute ; and, show', •weeed in this prefirai-
atiirine,'. Assuming
rimy step, the judgmet:t b le ds
he does not pursue th s co. for we apprehend the
proceedit.gs ate perfectly roe. than, on the day al-
ready named, the plaintit: . et; or us,igns errors,
The Clown will then pursue :f three cow-, es— either
to join in ( nor, plead spu •or demur. 'lln• first
being the most probable, at re joinder in error is
fil.d the cause will be cuter . t due course Lr argu-
ment, and the practice in stp.l-1 ,30 we understand to be
that the cause should be elite., : by the Clerk of Errors
ten clear days before argument. Paper books, contain-
ing an abstract of the entire proctecti:gs from the ar-
raignment of Smith O'Brien down to the errors assigned,
must be made out for the information and guidance of
the judges, and these helps to judicial knowledge must,
by the rules of the Queen's B,nula, be delivered to their
Lordships four clear days at letht before the bearing tf
the cause. So our readers well perceive that a consider-
able interval must take place before the writ can be ar-
gued, and, a
_fortiori, before it can be finally deter-
mined. The law's delay' will interfere several stages
before these complicated preliminary proceedings can
end in solemn argument. In calculating the number of
days which the practice of the Court interposes before
the last stage is reached, we are inclined to believe that
the matter must stand over until the Hilary Term.
When the argument takes place, we have good reason
to believe that the case on the part of Smith O'Brien
will be argued by Mr. Napier, Q.C., and Mr. Francis
Fitzgerald."

-LIBERATION OF STATE PRISONERS.
The Lords Justices held a meeting of the Privy
Council last Saturday, when leave was granted to
take bail for the appearance of the following political
prisoners, who are confined in Dublin and elsewhere
for treasonable practices, via.:—
Eugene O'Reilly, Jeans M•lienna, John De Courcy
Young, John Russell, James Russell Patrick Corvan,
James O'Donnell, Lawrence Gahaghaii, Patrick Conway,
George Whelan, Nicholas Nagle, Michael Doherty
Robert Cave, Richard Dalton, Edward Egan, Joi; Hickey, Patrick Dunne, Thomas Hennessey, Anthony
O'Ryan, Thomas Parker O'Flanagan, ard Robert
Lambkin.
On Saturday morning an order was received at the
county gaol (Limerick) fur the discharge of Mr. Richard
Dalton, of Tipperary, one of the political offenders, on
finding bail, himself in 1001., and two sureties in 50Z
each. An order is also expected to admit to bail Mr.
Thomas M‘Namara, solicitor, of Rathkeale, and Mr.
William Hartnett, of Newcastle. The other political
offenders remaining in custody are Mr. Richard
O'Shaughnessy, of Rathkeale, grocer, and Michael
O'Neil, stonemason.
ATTEMPT TO MURDER.
The Limerick Chronicle has the following :
" On Wednesday e‘ening, between seven and eight
o'clock, the inhabitants of St. Mary's parish were
alarmed by a cry that a man named Purcell had been
murdered in the public streets, close to the Castle bar-
racks. On inquiry it was ascertained that the rumour
was not far from the truth, for cn arrival at the scene a
man was found lying in the ce to of the road weltering
in blood. The police from ~,-ge's-quay station soon
arrived, and were informed tl. Lhe injured victim had
been attacked by three men fi '2oonah, named Hayes,
who waylaid him on his ref llome, knocked the un-
offending man down, stabbe n with a knife in the
chest, kicked him in the boo .nd almost severed the
nose from his face! In this tie • able state the sufferer,
James Purcell, aged 66, war ”ve3ed to Barrington's
Hospital, where he received .pt medical aid at the
hands of Dr. Gelston, who 4 sins but little hope of
his recovery. The rerpetratt the brutal deed, Juhn,
Pat, and Michael Hayes,:wer after arrested by the
police, and, having been broP, t,efore the magistrates
at the Town-hall on Thurad Were committed to the
city gaol."
THE FUGITIV i; LEADERS.
The following incidents in connexion with the
escape of Messrs. Stephens an,. Doheny are furnished
by the Limerick Examiner :

" When Mr. Stephens had taken his exit from the col-
lies, he directed his wandering footsteps to Tipperary,
sufferinc, from a wound he 11,,1 received in his side. Ho
reached Tipperary early in tht• night, and, having dis-
guised himself, walked up and down the streets, think-
ing to meet with some kind tritthl who might assist him
in his misfortunes. Ile met rith some. He called at
the house of a respectable family in Tipperary, but they,
of course, received him coldly, aware of the penalty of
the law. Poor Stephens, however, made the best of his
way out of town, accompanied by friends, who shared
his dangers and misfortunes for the night. They slept
with hire in a stack of hay. Next morning he disguised
himself as a poor scholar, and made for the
Cummeragh mountain, where, peradventure, he
met his old friend Mr. Dohtny, vaio had assumed
the character of a schoolmaster. Both school-
masters' lived in tLe Commerugh mountains for
some weeks, baffling the police. It is stated that, a
policeman once gave Mr. Stephens a few pence, such
was his forlorn appearance, bring, of course, quite igno-
rant of his identity. The track of the fugitives was at
last, however, found, and immediate separation was
deemed the only alternative to secure the safety of both.
They parted, Mr. Doheny for Cork, and Mr. Stephens
for Waterford. The history of Mr. Doheny's escape to
Paris has already been told—that of Mr. Stephens re-
mains to be narrated. It is said that he disguised him-
self in the costume of a woman (he had a feminine ap-
pearance), and, having lingered away some days in
Waterford, was met at last by some friend, who gave
him money to travel to England or to France. With
great courage and cleverness he crossed the Channel,
leaving his enemies behind ; and having travelled by
railway to Dover took a passage ticket for Boulogne.
There he was detained a prisoner
.by the English au-
thorities in France, and was subsequently liberated by
order of the Republic. It is said that he instituted an
action against the English authorities for false imprison-
ment, and received 501. to compromise the proceedings.
The end of all poor Stephens's misfortunes and dangers
was his arrival in Paris, where he is now in the National
Guards, in the rank of an officer."
GEMS FROM THE " HUE AND CRY."
Maria Boyle, who stole 13s. from Louisa Byrne, of
Bride-street, is described as wearing a gown "all blue
with a white stripe."

Bessy Brennan stole a quantity of money and
clothing from the house, 49, Clarendon-street, but in-
stead of her description we have the description of the
house as follows:-24 years of are, middle size, red hair,
which has the appearance of ftJlrng off, brown eyes, pale
face, fair complexion, has a rif on the forehead, and
walks with lameness!" (The . ..ve piece of confusion
arises--No, we won't tell the
"In a description of Antlh,.,.\ Lawler (who stands
charged with a murderous a t on James Lennon,
near Rathvilley, county Carlo Mil have his whiskers
set down as "small, smart, an_. „etive appearance!"
Two heifers which were !,..n from Catherine
INVCarrey, of Starlogford, coin T)onegal, are described
—lst, "tour years old, all bl 'xcept some brown on
the back;" 2d, "all yellow ( •Ir, with white on her
back!"

1 'Biddy Conroy absconded , . her uncle, Thomas
Murphy, county ~ ay, taking li. with
her.'l F
The a'actiHuebanrrt Cry says , dress of the girl can-
not be described, as she had -'. , e dresses, one a blue
spott, d, one a brown ditto, ar.‘ .e a brown stuff ditto,
and a blue flannel cloak, and it it supposed she will be
dressed in some of them !"

-- -
The following is a mark whereby Honors Keenan,
who stole 201. from ber unc'e. John Delany, of Broc-
kerry, Queen's County, may be known—" right leg
much swelled, but it has no appearance !"
Instead of describing a horse which was stolen from
J, hn Haire, of Dromore, county Sligo, the description
is given of the robber, who is " 5 years old, 11 bands
high, and light gray colour, with a long switch tail I"
Myles Magee, of Dernabolier, county Leitrim, lost a
cow, which is said to be "giving milk with two short
cocked horns !"

THE MEETING OF LIBERAL ELECTORS AT WAKE-
FIELD.—A meeting was held on Friday last. The fol-
lowing is a summary of what occurred:—The first
resolution, moved by the Mayor of Bradford, se-
conded by Mr. Solly, of Sheffield, was adopted by the
meeting. The other two resolutions were also adopted,
the second being moved by the Mayor of Wakefield, and
seconded by Mr. T. Todd, of Dewsbury. The third
resolution was moved by Mr. E. Baines, of Leeds,
and seconded by Mr. F. Crossley, of Halifax. Some
gentlemen present who were favourable to Air. Fitz-
william's claims then attempted a compromise, but all
their proposals to that end were eei;atived, and a reso-
lution was passed expressing the dissatisfaction of
the meeting with the address which Mr. Fi;zwilliam
had i-sued. Finally a resolution was' asset!, constitut-
ing the delegates pre sent a committee, in order to take
the opinions of the LiLeral voters for the riding, in their
respective districts, as to the propriety of bringing out
another candidate in opposition to Mr. Fitzwilliam.
The meeting broke up about five o'clock, having lasted
nearly four hours and a half.
HERRING TRADE.—WICK, OCT. 26.—Our local
market exhibits no symptoms of reanimation, as there
are no inquiries making on the part of purchasers, nor
are shipments being made on the same extensive scale as
some weeks ago. Four vessels are loading for various
Irish ports and one for the Baltic. Advices have this
week been received from Stettin. They are written in
rather a desponding tone, from the prospects of the
country. Cholera is spreading rapidly, and is fatal, and
civil war is not less injurious to the interests of commerce.
Account sales are pretty favourable, but a decline in
prices is looked for. From Irish ports we learn that a
partial fall in prices has taken i•Lace. The great bulk of
our coopers are now out of work. This remark, we are
sorry to say, refers to a large proportion of this impor-
tant and ill-remunerated class on the whole north-east
coast.—lnverness Courier.

IL4A7N-11 -
DUBLIN', MONDAY.
Dr ERROR.