The Sun.
London, England, 1848-03-30 00:00:00

Obining

LONDM, THURSDAY. MARCH 30, 1848.

Italian liberty is hourly developing itself, and the
population of that glorious peninsula will very
speedily have consolidated their nationality. Not
only have the Milanese proclaimed their indepen-
dence ; not only have the Austrian soldiers evacuated
that capital ; not only has the revolutionary move-
ment extended to Venice, to Trieste, to Padua, and
to the other parts of the Lombardo-Venetian territo-
ries, but the flag of insurrection is flying at this
moment in the cities of the minor principalities.
Another BOURBON has bit the dust ; another sove-
reign has abdicated ; another people has proved
triumphant in its contest with the ruling Govern-
ment. CUARLES 11., formerly the ducal ruler of
the Luechese, and recently Grand Duke of Parma,
resigned his authority to a Provisional Regency
on the 20th, and shortly afterwards arrived in
Turin as a fugitive. At Placentia the de-
mocracy have been victorious, the Hungarians
having refrained from any very formidable employ-
ment of force against the inhabitants ; the German
dragoons having charged ineffectually upon the mul-
titude ; and the fort of Pizzi-Grhettone having ulti-
mately surrendered to the insurgents. Modena in
like manner has risen almost to a man 'against its
effete and hateful Administration. In one direction
the Austrian garrison of Milan (15,000 strong) have
evacuated the fortified barracks of Caserna, and are
even now retreating upon Mantua and Verona. In
another the valiant King of Sardinia, Cyprus, and
Jerusalem is marching his Piedmontese to the assis-
tance of revolting Lombardy—the banner of this
crusade of liberation bearing the escutcheon of
Savoy upon the Italian tri-colour ! While these
extraordinary events are transpiring in the Roman
peninsula, military preparations of an alarming cha-
racter are making on either side of the Alpine
Mountains. In France the Republican Government
is evincing, not merely a verbal sympathy in the
patriotism of adjacent races, it has decreed the en-
campment of an army of 32,000 men in the plains of
Dauphiny. Russia, on the contrary, at the despotic
mandate of the AUTOCRAT, is mustering her brute-
energies for the subjugation of those contiguous domi-
nions in which the perilous dogmas of eman-
cipation appear to be accumulating proselytes
to the creed of Democracy. With this ulterior
design, 30,000 Russians have been concentrated
on the frontiers of Gallicia, 20,000 are in the
vicinity of Warsaw, and, in all, 50,000 Cossacks
have been distributed among the strongholds of
Russian. Poland. Even the troops assembled on the
Caucasus are to be diminished ; 15,000 men are to be
dispatched from Odessa, in the direction of Cracow ;
the Imperial Guard are removing towards the Duchy
of Posen, and reserves are being summoned from all
quarters of the interior. Nicnotas, therefore, is
arming himself for some stupendous adventure—the
scheme of a barbarian campaign is being planned in
his palace of tyranny. A different project is affording
its inspiration to the Provisional Government of
Paris—the pacific but resolute genius of Republi-
canism is rousing itself to activity in the palace of the

people.
Another deputation has renewed the eloquent
confessions of LAAIARTINE. Another civic catas-
trophe has elicited a right royal and, chivalrous pro-
clamation from the King of SARDINIA. On the 23d
instant, CARLO ALBERTO announced to the people of
Lombardy and Venice his resolution to afford them
" that aid Nshich a brother expects from a brother, a
friend from a friend," namely, assistance against the
thraldom of an inimical and pitiless oppression.
" People of Lombardy and Venice !" says he, " our
arms were already concentrated on your frontier
when yuu anticipated the liberation of glorious
Milan . . ; • • • • • •

We will second your just desires, confiding in the aid
of that GOD who is visibly with us—of that GOD who
has given to Italy a Pius IX.—of that GOD who, by
such wonderful impulse, has given to Italy the power
of acting alone !" By that solemn and rhetorical
declaration the King of PIEDMONT has assumed to
himself the championship of the nationality of the
Italian peninsula, as the King of PRUSSIA has re-
cently done in reference to the Germanic Confedera-
tion. Let those two KINGS fraternize under the aegis
of their double popularity—let them give each
other the hand of alliance—the Viennese have se-
cured the neutrality, if not the actual co-operation of
Austria. Russia will have to battle alone against
the continent in furtherance of the principles of Ab-
solutism, and against a coalition of the various states
of Europe, even her colossal resources will be un-
availing and impotent. Yes, we are averring the
truth when we maintain that in the lsaguing of the
policies of the Reforming Sovereigns of Prussia and
Sardinia will be found the surest guarantees for the
establishment of a German and Italian nationality.
Against Russia there will be allied with them
the stalwart and heroic Swiss, and the can-
tonal caribineers are already causing very
considerable havoc in the more wooded districts of
Venetian Lombardy (availing themselves of their
expertness as marksmen behind the tree-trunks and
among the trailing branches) ; there would be the
heart of regenerated Greece; the hatred of the
Ottoman empire ; the contingents of revolted Den-
mark ; those of Belgium, of the Netherlands, and of
the youthful and enterprising Republicans of France.
How far France would be disposed to abet the eman-
cipation movement of the Italians has been suffi-
ciently shown, not only in the encampment
of thirty-two thousand men in Dauphiny, but
in the courageous and explicit language uttered
on Monday by ALPHONSE DE LAMARTINE. In re-
sponding to the address of a deputation, which ex-
pressed the friendship entertained towards the Provi-
sional Government at the Hotel de Ville, by the
members of the Italian Association, that illustrious
man apostrophised the glorious memories of Italy,
and spoke thus nobly to the representatives of that
historic land :—" Since France and Italy only make
a single name in our common sentiments for her
liberal regeneration ; go—go, and tell Italy that
she also has children at this side of the
Alps ! Go, and tell her that if she is
attacked in her soil or her sentiments, in her
'knits: or her liberties, that if your arms are not suf-
ficient to defend her, it is no longer wishes merely, it
is the sword of France that we shall offer to preserve
her from all encroachment." Such is the enuncia-
tion of the will of Republican France from the lips
of her boldest statesman and her most poetic orator.
Let FREDERICK WILHELM associate his royal for-
tunes with those of CARLO ALBERTO in a perfect
reliance upon the co-operation guaranteed by LAMAR-
TINE, and the nationalities of Italy and Germany
will rise majestically from the confusion of recent
events—the CZAR will be effectually baffled—and the
liberated nations of Europe will fraternise in defiance
of Absolutism.

On the debate on the Maynooth grant Mr.
SMYTHE, in one of his very able and eloquent speeches
—speeches of which he is almost as chary as the Mr.
IIAmILToN of celebrated memory—prophecied as one
of the happy results of the conciliatory policy then