The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-04 00:00:00

DEATH- OF—IBRAIIIM PACHA.
.ALEIKANDRIA, NOV. no. Hie Highness Ihrlbial
died on the 10th in it., and ':;cha, Viceroy of Egypt,
Abbas Pacha, his nephex, ?Aimee& him to the Nei-Jig,
of this country, according to the finnan granted by the
Sultan in June, 1841, at-the close uf the Spill) war, by
which the succession to the Government of Egypt is to
descend in a direct line in Mehemet Ali's male poserity,
from the elder to the elder among his sons and grandsons.
Ibrahim Pacha, Mehemet Ali's -son, was born at Ca-
Yana, in Roumelia, in 1789, and was thus of the age of
59 years at his death. Inconsequence of, Mehemet Ali's
incapacity, from dotage, to govern the cOtintry, Ibrahim
was nominated by the Sultan Viceroy stead on
the Ist of September last, and therefore held' power in
Egypt only during the brief space of two monthS and
ten days.

For many years Ibrahim suffered acutely from a eom-
plication of complaints, brought on principally by exr,
ceases committed during his youth, and in 1846, he went,,
to Ettrope for the purpose of consulting the most emi—
nent physicians there, and on that occasion he also visited
England; but the only result was a temporary relief to
his sufferings, for he continued to be more or less disor-
dered, and he finally sank under the combined effects of
bronchitis lad an abscess in his lungs.
At the age of seventeen Ibrahim joined his father's
army, in which he soon attained a prominent position,
and in 1816 he was sent to Arabia against the Waha-
bees—a heretical sect of the Mahommedan religion,
whom he subdued after a harassing war of three years.
He wrested the holy towns of Mecca and Medina from
their hands, and re-established a regular course of the
caravans. On the 11th of December, 1819, he was re-
ceived its great triumph in Cairo, on his return from
his victories, and the Sublime Porte gave him on that
oceisipn the high title of Pacha of the Holy Cities.
In the year 1824, when Mehemet Ali was commanded
by the Sultan to assist in quelling the insurrection in
Greece, Ibrahim Pacha took command of the expedi-
tion, and sailed from Alexandria for the Mores with a
fleet consisting of 163 sail, 16,000 infantry, 700 horses,
and four regiments of artillery. At the battle of Nava-
lino on • the 20th of October, 1827, the Turkish and
Egyptian fleets were completely annihilated, and only
a very small portion of the troops returned to their
country,
During the whole- time that he was in the Mores,
Ibrahim committed great excesses and cruelties.
In 1831, Mehemet Ali's ambition led him to the con-
quest of Syria, and he sent Ibrahim into that country
with an army of 24,000 infantry, four regiments of cavalry,
and 40 pieces of artillery. In this expedition Ibrahim,
with the assistance of Soliman Pacha, a expedition,
named Colonel Selves, displayed much military talent;
Gaza, Jaffa, and Caiffe soon fell into his hands, and
Acre, which had resisted Napoleon, opened its gates to
him on the 27th of May, 1832, after a siege of six
months. The Sultan sent strong reinforcements of
troops against Ibrahim Pacba, but the Pacha invariably
overcame them, and on the 22d of December, 1832, he
destroyed at Koniah with 30,000 men a fresh Turkish
army of 60,000 troops commanded by Reschid Pacha, who
was- made prisoner.
The victory of Koniah opened the way to Constanti-
nople, and Ibrahim had already advanced as far as
Kutayeth, about 150 miles from the capital, when the
Sultan called to his aid an army of 20,000 Russian troops,
who marched to Constantinople. Ibrahim's conquests
were therefore confined to Syria, of which he kept pos.
session until 1839, and where he established his father's
rule with, singular success, and.crganized that country in
a very admirable manner. In 1839 the Sublime Porte
attetnrAed to regain possession of Syria, and sent against
Ibrahim a strong army, which was, however, quite dis-
comfited by the Egyptian troops, at the battle of Nezib,
on the 24th of June of that year.
Ibrahim Pacha at this period had a second opportu-
nity of marching to Constantinople, but the European
Powers interfered a second time, and stopped his progress.
The four powers of England, Austria, Russia, and
Prussia then combined to restore Syria to the Sublime
Porte; a fleet was sent-to occupy the towns on the coast;
Ibrahim resisted, but the bombardment and occupation
of the fortress of Acre on the 3d of November, 1839, in
the very short space of four hours, soon convinced Ibra-
him Pacha and his father that their best policy was to
submit to the decrees of the four Powers, and obtain the
be erns they could from the Sultan.
715fter the evacuation of Syria, Ibrahim led a very quiet
and retired life, he devoted his whole attention to agri-
culture and introduced many improvements in the culti-
vation of the land. He always showed the greatest re-
spect for his father, and though enjoying the high titles
of Vizier and Governor of Mecca, aad covered with mi-
litary glory, he always kissed Mehemet Ali's hinds in
token of submission, and never seated himself or smoked
in his presence without leave.

Ibrahim Pacha had not the pleasing manners nor the
politeness which so highly distinguished his father; he
was naturally serious, big .vokp was strong, and he was
remarkable for his forced laugh; he never liked display,
and was of a penurious and selfish ldisposition. His
education, was similar to what is generally given to
Oriental princes; he spoke Turkish, Arabic, and Per-
sian, which he also wrote with facility, and he em-
ployed several hours of the day in reading books on
history, of which he was very fond; he knew no Euro-
pean language, but he regularly had the newspapers
translated to him.

Ibrahim Pacha has left only three sons living—
Ahmed Bey, born in 1825; Ishmael Bey, born in 1830,
both pursaing their studies in Paris ; and Mustapha
Bey, born in 1832, at present in Cairo.
Ibrahim Pacha was buried with military honours, but
with little ceremony, on the day of his death, in Mehe-
met Ali's family tomb, in the vicinity of Cairo. Selim
Pacha has gone to the Upper Country to see that order
and tranquillity are maintained there, and during the
temporary absence of Abbas, Said Pacha assumed the
authority in Cairo.

Abbas Pacha, -,Who succeeds Ibrahim in the govern-
ment of the country, was born in Arabia in 1813. He
is the son of Toussoon Pacha, Mehemet Ali's second
son, who died of the plague in the year 1816, and his
right to the succession arises from his being at present
the eldest living male member of Mehemet Ali's family.
Abbas Pacha has t‘hithorto led a very quiet life, and
has for many years been governor of Cairo. He has
had, from his own option, little intercourse with the Eu-
ropeans; he is a strict Mahommedan, and on this ac-
count the natives are glad cif his accession.
Abbas Pacha is well versed in Oriental literature; he
has a thorough knowledge of the Turkish, Persian, and
Arabic languages, and he occupies much of his time in
reading and writing.
Abbas Pacha accompanied Ibrahim in his military
expedition to the Morea in 1824, and was also for acme
time in Syria during the war, but on both occasions
Ibrahim kept his nephew entirely in the background, so
that he has seen very little of military service.
In the middle of last month, Abbas Pacha, anxious to
get out of the way of Ibrahim, who had been interfering
in his private affairs, went to Mecca; on the death of the
latter a messenger was dispatched after his Highness,
and Captain Frushard, of the Honourable East India
Company's steamer Feroze, offered to convey the mes-
senger to Jedda, and bring back the new Viceroy, whose
arrival at Suez is now hourly expected, and his Highness
will have to proceed to Constantinople to be formally
invested by the Sultan with the Pachalic of Egypt.
It is expected that the new Viceroy will be favour-
ably inclined towards the English, in consequence of the
courtesy shown to him at the outset of his new career by
Captain Frushard, for whom, and the officers of his
steamer, handsome presents, consisting of swords, mouth-
pieces, and snuff-boxes, have already been dispatched
from Cairo to Sues.

(From the Post.)

Ibrahim's whole career has been that of a most arbi-
trary and proud Mussulman of violent passions, invested
with extensive power as the sou and successor of Mille-
met AIL He was a brave and bold warrior, and was for
years the Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian army,
and retained possession of Syria, annihilated the Sul-
tan's forces, and appeared on the Asiatic border of the
Bosphorus, opposite Constantinople, which nothing short
of Rassfan armed interference could have prevented his
occupying, and hurling his liege lord the Sultan from
the throne. Ibrahim and his army were shortly after-
wards forcibly expelled from Syria by the combined
English- and Turkish forces, the bombardment and
capture of iAcre, previously considered impregnable,
having virtually settled the Syrian question. Since
that event Ibrahim has not been engaged in any active
military
Command or operations, and, with the excep-
tion of visits paid to Italy, France, and England, for
the benefit of hispnding
hr•alth, has chiefly resided at or near
Cairo, so--
erinte the revenues of his agricultural
property.
For many years past Ibrahim's health had been in
a precarious state, caused
among which addiction by excesses of various kinds,
and latterly had much int° the bottle was prominent,
and darkest events in Ibrahim's truly eventful life, which
One of the saddest
pourtrayed his
was the putting
etl the following
to death of one of h sofavouritePwaisvicins
would furnish
es or melodramas
circumstances, which it must be admittede,
with
a plot for one of the deepest tragedies
that :ever were penned. To those conversant
Turkish habits and customs, it is well known t t
rality of wives are permitted, and that in the laarearalt
great desire always is for male children. Two of
Ibrahim's wives gave birth about the same time, the one
to a daughter, the other to a son. The mother and son
were instantly made a great deal of, while the mother
and daughter were at once placed in the back ground.
It-so happened that the son was attacked with a disease
which ended fatally, and the event caused great afflic-
tion to Ibrahim. The mother of the son, fearing
probably that the mother and daughter would now
regain favour, denounced the mother of the daughter as
having, for selfish purposes, poisoned the son. Hereupon
Ibrahim, assuming the charge to be true, without wait-
ing to make any investigation, ordered the mother and
daughter into his presence, informed the mother of the
crime with which she was charged, which she vehemently
den • but without avail, as Ibrahim ordered the
daug.. r to be torn from her arms by the attendants, and
then that her head should be struck off, which was done
oI the spot, and her body thrown into the Nile.
Scarcely was this horrible murder perpetrated before
circumstances transpired to throw a doubt on the truth
of the accusation, and subsequent investigation is said to
have satisfactorily proved the entire innocence of the
poor victim. Hereupon Ibrahim made a perfect idol of
the 'daughter, and caused Jier to be brought up in the
harem with every distinction and care. On her obtain-
ing the age of 15 she was affianced in marriage to one of
Ibrahim's Generals, and preparations for the ceremony on
the grandest scale had already commenced, when this fa-
vorite daughter, who was a most interesting creature, and
o the " lightf the harem," was suddenly attacked with the
small-pox, which, notwithstanding the best medical advice
available, terminated fatally. Ibrahim was on his return
from Syria, and on reaching Cairo was overwhelmed
with grief at an event which no doubt renewed in his
mind the terrible death of the mother. Ibrahim caused
the funeral obsequies to be performed on a scale of extra-
ordinary splendour and magnitude, and the deceased was
interred in the burial place constructed by Mehemet