The Sun.
London, England, 1848-07-31 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, s JULY 31, 1818.

honour as a gentleman, was he come to take him ; th
officer said no, he held no warrant for the apprehen-
sion of any man, and that if he did he would not be
afraid to do his duty, notwithstanding his opposition.
The barricades were then cleared away, and the
Hussars passed through, after which it is said that an
unsuccessful attack was made on the constabulary.
The rebel chiefs still remain about Killeßaule,
Fethard, and Ballingarry—perhaps the most lawless
district in Ireland. It is the current report that they
will not surrender without making all the resistance
in their power.

The preparations made by the authorities here are
extraordinary; the immense body of horse and foot
soldiers and constabulary are kept incessantly to their
duty ; not one man in every ten has got a night's rest
within the last week ; the pensioners are all under
arms and in barrack. Some hundreds of tents are
crowded into the barrack-square, to afford accom-
modation to them, and to the increased number of
regular troops, for which they would not otherwise
have room. Picquets of cavalry and infantry, with a
constable as guide, patrol the town and vicinity all
hours of the night : a large number of specials have
also been sworn in, and, it is said, will be equipped
with muskets and accoutrements, under the con-
troul and direction of Colonel Dundas. We fancy
the London specials would not much like their duty
on some nights (from eleven to two o'clock) they
were marching about almost uninterruptedly, and on
one occasion, on an alarm being given that the rebels
were coming, though unarmed, they rushed to meet
them.

A number of field pieces of artillery are expected
here this evening.
I shall take care to inform you instantly should
anything of importance occur ; meanwhile I have
dispatched a reporter to the scene of the expected
outbreak—the place where the leaders are at present
located, where the people are most likely to commit
acts of violence and bloodshed.

WATERFORD, JULY 29.

Waterford is at present* tranquil. The Tweed,
the Frolic, the Stromboli, and the Rhadamanthus, lie
in the river. The 2d division of the 3d Buffs landed
yesterday and encamped at Milward's-fields,
but in the evening 200 men. marched thence to
PiMown, and to-day the remaining portion
marched to the same destination. Five hundred
Marines, with some Marine Artillery, arrived
here in the Alban yesterday evening from
the fleet at Cove ; they encamped to-day
in the tents occupied by the Buffs, and were played
into their quarters by the depot band of the 7th Fusi-
leers ; they brought three field pieces, and to-morrow
300 men of the same corps are to arrive. The pro-
clamations offering rewards for the apprehension of
Doheny, Meagher, Dillon, and Smith O'Brien were
posted here to-day. Here the clubs number over
2,000 men : the Felon Club alone numbers 900 men.

Ten of the Buffs were put in prison yesterday for
shouting for repeal; so states our local journal to-
day, and I believe it to be true, having heard it yes-
terday from several persons.—Chronicle.

The Irish rebellion has been nipped in the bud.
The vigorous and decisive measures adopted by the
Government have struck terror to the hearts of the
disaffected, and restored confidence to the loyal inha-
bitants of the country. Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN has too
late discovered how little dependence can be placed
upon the cheers and plaudits of a mob, and how great
a difference there is between the " sayings " and
"doings" of the multitude. That unfortunate gen-
tleman now finds himself deserted by those whom he
vainly supposed to have been devoted to his cause and
prepared to sacrifice, even life itself, in resistance
to the authorities. A few men of desperate fortunes,
who have perilled their all upon "the hazard of
the die," have followed him in his wild cru-
sade, but the great body of the people have listened
to the advice of their pastors, and refused to bring
down certain ruin upon themselves and families, by
committing themselves to so hopeless an attempt as
that which he desired to make. At this moment he
is skulking from place to place as a fugitive, rather
than as the leader of an imposing and formidable
force. He cannot long evade the active pur-
suit that will doubtless be instituted to
obtain the reward of 5001. offered for his apprehen-
sion, and his capture will remove even the semblance
of resistance to the constituted authorities. We trust
that it may be effected without bloodshed—that his
offences may not be aggravated by the crime of mur-
der being added thereto. From the accounts that
have been received he txprare to be reduccd to a ital..
of almost mental imbecility, and to be so wholly pros-
trated by the downfal of all his cherished hopes and
expectations as to justify the Rev. Mr. COCKERAN—
whose exertions in the cause of order have been be-
yond all praise—in styling him " a madman ;" indeed,
ere this he may be better fitted for the restraints of a
lunatic asylum than for the hulks or gaols of the country.
His attempt on the police barracks at Mullinahone,
his summons to the scanty force by which it was
garrisoned, consisting of but seven constables, three
of whom were but just recovering from fever, and
his subsequent attempt to induce them to fraternize
with the people, and subsequently giving a night to
consider his proposition, would seem to warrant this
supposition. Whatever may be his condition, how-
ever, whether sane or insane, it is absolutely essential
that his career should be checked, that he should
be speedily brought within the power of the law, and
not be suffered to maintain even an appearance of de-
fiance to the Government.

The other leaders for whose apprehension rewards
have been offered do not appear as yet to have com-
mitted themselves quite so deeply. They are stated
" to have been guilty of treasonable practices ;" but
it is not added, as in Mr. 013mEN's case, that " they
have openly appeared in arms against her MA-
JESTY." In addition to Messrs. MEAGHER,
DIL-
LoNr, and DOHENT, for each of whom a re-
ward of 3001. has been offered, a notification
has appeared in the line and Cry, that eleven other
persons charged with being concerned in treasonable
practices, have absconded, and all persons are warned
against incurring the penalties prescribed by the Act
for the better prevention of crime and outrage in
Ireland by harbouring or sheltering them, or any of
them. This list includes the names of Mr. FRANCIS
MORGAN (one of the solicitors to the corporation of
Dublin), and Messrs. DARCY MAGEE, JOSEPH BRE..
NAN, DEVIN REILLY, S. J. MEANT, HENRY
SHAW, and several others of less note.
Several captures have also been effected,
the most important of which is that of Mr. JAMES
LALOR, one of the chief contributors to the Irish
Felon, whose instructions for a guerilla warfare, and
the most approved methods for the destruction of the
military, almost equalled those of Mr. MITCHEL him-
self in audacity and atrocity. Mr. LALOR was the
person who got up the celebrated Holy-cross meeting
last year. He was arrested in the county of Tipperary
on Thursday last. It was said that Father KENTON,
whose truculent speeches and writings attained
him an unenviable notoriety some time since, having
the fear of the law before his eyes, refused to shelter
his quondam coadjutor. The weekly organs of trea-
son have also been suppressed with the strong arm.
The Nation and the Irish Felon have been seized,
the forms disarranged, the type, stamps, and other
materials taken possession of, and the men employed
upon the premises taken into custody. The further
dissemination of treasonable opinions and seditious
sentiments, which lashed the people into such pas-
sionate excitement, will thus be prevented.
In the meantime the Government have not re-
laxed in the energetic exertions with which the crisis
was encountered. A powerful military and naval
force have been collected together, the latter under
the command of " the Hero of Acre," Sir CHARLES
NAPIER, is stationed in Cork harbour,
earliestwh cruisers
are sailing about the coast to bring the
intel-
ligence of any disturbance. The armywi
HllAfoßrptlaitEh,
be placed under the command of Lord
who volunteered his services in the handsomest
manner, justly conceiving that a soldier should at allhe
times be ready to act in any capacity in which
may be useful to his country. The vast experi-
ence and military /skill of the Noble Viscount
render him peculiarly qualified for the command
in the disturbed districts. It may appear that such
precautions and so great an amount of preparation
are more than can possibly be required, but the Go-
verm-I:lent have wisely resolved to leave no hope to the
insurgents, and the display of so efficient and over-
whelming a force will probably have the effect of
preventing partial outbreaks, which, although they

would speedily be suppressed, might occasion the
destruction of much property and the loss of many
valuable lives. It is in mercy, therefore, not only to
the friends of order and of the British connexion,
but to the misguided insurgents themselves that
these imposing demonstrations bare taken place, and
eventually it will appear a wise economy to have
spared no expenditure in the putting down, with the
utmost vigour, the incipient rebellion.

It is surely unnecessary for us to declare that we
are no Fourierists, no Saint Simonians, no Commu-
nists, no Socialists, no dreamers of the dreams of a
perfectly equitable distribution of property. We are
not at least any one of these in the general accepta-
tion of the terms as symbols of peculiar schemes of
political economy. We are no more disposed to
place implicit reliance on the philosophic axioms of
CHARLES FoURIER than we are to repose an uncon-
ditional credence in the weird visions of the eloquent
but fanatical SWEDENBORG. To our judgment there is
less of the impracticable in the ravings of the Mormonite
Prophet than in the speculations of SAINT-SIMoN.
And, with all deference to M. Louis BLANC, we con-
sider the deductions of his Organization du Travail
as equally apochryphal with the doctrines inculcated in
the Talmud. Nevertheless, while we assert this much,
we must acknowledge at once that we believe the
wisdom of the yet undeveloped project—that project
which is variously christened by the names we have
already enumerated—to be very imperfectlyunderstood.
The intentions of the promoters and originators of
this great system of social regeneration we believe to
be, in a very great measure, imperfectly apprehended ;
and the ultimate tendencies of their aspirations we
think is, in a hundred instances, grossly misrepre•
sented. Of course, in speaking thus, we by no means
intend to become the apologists of Citizen BLANQUI
or of Citizen BARBES, or of any other of those political
adventurers, whose want of principle is only ex-
ceeded by their madness and inhumanity. What
we are solicitous to express, however, is a con-
viction that there are many sincere men
among these eccentric and dangerous visionaries
—that there is a latent truth under all these falsities
of logic—that the philosophy of government, such
as it was conceived to be in the middle of the
eighteenth century (exaggerated as it was by the
Sentiment of RossxAu, and distorted as it was by the
Egotism of Ronesrtertzte), is not in reality so wholly
repulsive or execrable as the fears of the majority
would lead one to imagine.
Sodalite must undoubtedly be discarded at once
as altogether beyond the frail capacities of man. A
society of archangels and seraphims might be
linked together by bonds of that celestial
character, but mere mortals are scarcely fitted
for a mechanism of arrangement so marvel-
lously inflexible and unelastic. Putting aside,
therefore, all such chimerical notions as that which is
euphoniously termed Sodalite, the root of the great
social problem of the age, remains, bare before us—
undeniable in its nakedness, and so stubborn and
substantial in its nature as to set at defiance the blows,
and the contempt, and the sophistry of the millions of
Conservatism. We allude, of course, to the ques-
tion as to which:may be the wisest method for the en-
couragement of Production, and which may be the
best means for reconciling the antagonistic claims
of Labour and Capital, of Property and In-
dustry. It is altogether too late in the day
to dream for one moment of shirking this vast and
imperative problem, the solution of which has long
since become the most stupendous necessity of our
generation. Something must be done, and that at
once, towards its solution. To attempt to stay that
solution would not only lead to the convulsion of the
whole framework of society, it would render a great
and universal chaos of classes inevitable, it would
cast property tothe winds, it would paralyze industry,
it would make capital the spoil of demagogues, and
transform labour into the despair and the bugbear
of humanity. No; the enigma must be answered.
There is no longer any doubt of that. The ouvriers
of Paris, the unemployed workmen of Berlin, the
lazzaroni of Naples, the brawlers of Rome, the demo-
crats of Vienna, the Republicans of Ireland, the
Chartists of England, all clamour for the answer to
the grand question of the day. And they will have
it. Only see what have been the evil consequences
of the non-responsive system. In France the Provi-
sional Government might have gone pretty far to-
wards the settlement of the problem, but for
the awful debt which had been hung about
the neck of the young Republic--the parting
curse or a corrupt and infamous despotism.
That debt compelled the Executive Commission
to throw up the beautiful and humane scheme of the
Ateliers Nationaux, almost before its preliminary
benefits could be developed. And what was the re-
sult ?—the streets of Paris ran with blood. In Na-
ples, again, the wrong answer was given, and the effect
was nearly identical—the palaces were sacked and
the population butchered. Berlin has revealed the
same wild vision of civic insurrection, and Vienna, in
like manner, though with more fury and less mas-
sacre. In Rome the people are following the example
of their contemporaries—the last accounts informing
us that the Chamber of Deputies has been invaded and
occupied by the mob, just as the French Chamber of
Deputies was captured on the 24th of February. In
England the solution of the question has been post-
poned—witness this the rejection of the motion of
Mr. HUMS. While in Ireland the patchwork legis•
lation in regard to landlord and tenant has conduced
at last to its present deplorable condition. Again,
and yet again, therefore we proclaim it to be our
conviction that these revolutions throughout Europe
are solely dependent upon the discovery of some
secure and philosophic plan by which the claims of
Labour and Capital, of Property and Industry, may
be effectually reconciled, by which Production may
be so encouraged as to effect a more equitable dis-
tribution of its results among the various grades of
the human family, by which, in fine, the machinery
of government may be adapted to the variable wants
of civilization, and the whole surface of society at
once and permanently regenerated.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday
and yesterday.
Another victim has been added to the num-
ber of those already sacrificed in defending the
cause of order and the Republic against the anarchists
and reactionaries. General DAMESME, who, it will
be recollected, underwent the operation of amputa-
tion, expired on Friday from the effects of the wounds
received in storming one of the barricades on the
23d June. In the sitting of the Chamber on that
day the law suppressing secret societies was passed
by a majority of 529. There voted in favour of the
Bill 629, and against it 100 only. The only papers
hich express dissatisfaction at the passing of this law
are the .Reforms and the Courrier Francais. The
Bien Public, the organ of M. DE LAbskunriE, has the
following on the subject of this new law :

" We understand the protests which were yesterday
made in the tribune, but we do not partake of the sad-
ness of the Honourable Members who appear to believe
that the liberty of association is at an end. We should
have voted the law, and yet we are profoundly devoted
to that sacred right, which, as has been said, is a superior,
permanent, imprescriptible right, which it depends on
no power to ravish from us, for it comes to us from God.
But it was necessary to regulate the right of association,
in order to save it, and not leave it in the hands of the
factious as an arm against society and the republic."
In the sitting of Saturday in the National Assem-
bly the proposition of M. GOUDCHAUX, the Minister
of Finance, for converting the funds taken from the
Tontine Societies by the Provisional Government
into five per cent. stock at 67, or three per cent. at
45, was passed into a law. The conduct of the Pro-
visional Government in seizing the funds of these
societies was severely commented on by
several Members, and defended not very
successfully by M. CREMIEUX. At the con-
clusion of the discussion Al. VIVIEN en-
treated the Finance Minister to make an express
declaration that it was contrary to law and justice to
touch the funds belonging to Tontine Establishments.
In reply to this appeal M. GOUDCHAUX said
" Although I think the declaration needless, I never-
theless make it freely."
The Moniteur publishes a list of the officers, non-
commissioned officers, and private soldiers of the line
who have been promoted to higher grades in the
f their gallant conduct during the late in-
Legion of Honour, or received the cross in cense-
hLaieutbeneeannt
sinuarnr edcetriso
the order;
er ;
eiColonelsght

Chefs d'Escadron have beennade officers ; 60 officers
and 104 privates have receiad the cross. In addition

163 names of privates and on•commissioned officers
are honourably mentioned.
The Committee on the :,4onstitution has already
heard the delegates of the lureaux on almost all the
articles of the first two chaters. Out of the fifteen
bureaux only one has &oared itself in favour of a
single chamber, The deleates have decided, that in
order to hasten the labour of the Committee, they
will give further developrrnts only on two or three
questions which have ma divided opinions in the
bureaux.

M. MORTIMER TERNAt has presented a proposi-
tion declaring that " the Constitution shall not be
definitively voted until ahr three readings, with at
least two days' interval >etween each." The pro-
position has been referrer to the Committee on the
regulations.
The Finance Commifee has discussed M. LEON
FAUC HER'S proposition relative to discount banks.
After a long deliberatir4 the Committee decided on
taking the matter into cnsideration, and appointed a
Commission to make a rport.
The Committee chargd to examine the Bill relative
to the press, after havirr, heard M. SIMARD, has pro-
nounced in favour of to measure. The question of
caution-money was aopted by eight votes to six.
M. BERVILLE has beenappointed reporter.
The Committee appinted to prepare the Bill on
Primary Instruction as set aside the question of
absolute liberty withot the control of the State.

The Committee on he political prisoners has just
regulated the regime fr the forts, which is now the
same for all. It consits of the following allowance :
—750 grammes (rathe more than a pound and a half
English) of bread seond quality ; 100 grammes of
best white bread for soup ; 250 grammes of meat
five times a week ;
5) centilitres of vegetables twice
a week ; and 33 cetilitres of wine per day. An
order in the Monitew directs the above regulations
relative to food to by posted up in each room. The
reports of the medied men declare the health of the
prisoners to be satisactory.
The Debats says

" The meeting at tae Institute, in its last sitting, came
to an important resdution, which we approve of. The
representatives comp)sing it will not allow any Bill to
pass in the National kssembly which entails a fresh ex-
pense,
without the iiinister of Finance accepting for-
mally on his own resionsibility the credit proposed, and
pointing out the meals by
which ho can provide for it.
The present state of our finances justifies this laudable
solicitude. The muting of the :Institute, already very
numerous, has taken for device conciliation in every
form, and endeavours to efface in the Assembly distinc-
tions which might I:4 objectionable. This characteristic
of the meeting of thelnstitute ought not to be forgotten:
it has not always been borne in mind, and the meeting
at the Institute has often been confounded with other
meetings of representatives, from which this point dis-
tinguishes it very mtterially."
The question of intervention in the affairs of Italy
is•occupying the public attention in Paris at this mo-
ment. The partisans of the Red Republic are for
immediate intervention—intervention in their vocabu-
lary meaning living at free quarters in Italy, with
unlimited liven e to plunder alike allies or enemies ;
but the great majority of the French people, of those
who do not choose their associates from among the
forgot:, and who Lave shown that they are strong
enough to suppress both the forcats and their " red"
allies, are decidedly opposed to any intervention. On
this subject we find the following judicious observa-
tions in the Journal, a new paper, of which M.
ALPHONSE KARR is the chief editor :

" In seeing what passes in Italy, we ask ourselves if
France will go to war? Thus far, thanks to heaven,
nothing renders it necessary. War is always a mis-
fortune, for it draws in its train misery, incendiarism,
and carnage for both parties. The happiest, the con-
queror, is he who has the smallest part of these visita-
tions, but he has always his share. The French have
no need to prove their courage and warlike character,
and the victims of cannon would never do in ten years
what the example of our liberty has in four months.
France cannot make a war of phantasy. She will there-
fore remain deaf to the voice of the men who incessantly
speak of our victories, our glory, our arms, but who,
after getting themselves replaced for money in the
military service, would desire to gather laurels in
Europe, and places in Africa, as a rich farmer
causes his grass to be cut. The situation of our finances
does not permit us to make war to please such people.
We said loudly, and without fear, that this phrase
must not encourage our enemies if we have any. They
know well that if an unjust aggression, and insult to the
honour of the country, rendered war necessary, the
chiefs whom France h as given herself would only have
to make an appeal to t liex..,:ratry; and that then all the
towns and all the co, f try districts would send innu-
merable armies to combat and victory; every mother
would give her sons toy the Republic, and carry to the
Mint her bracelets and.rings."
Some disturbances i ere lately thought likely at St.
Diver in consequen of the dissolution of the national
workshops, and the a upuncement of a 5 sous banquet
at midnight; all papiefttVff with perfect tranquillity, the
rAci until after the vintage. At
egv
ear
,c 1 jeoour;
izsturbances have taken place
Mertrud,banquet bheoiwn
in consequence of the men 'employed in the harvest
wanting to exclude all competitors, except on certain
conditions. The officers of justice and some troops re-
paired there on the 25th, and tranquillity was restored
after some arrests had been made.
Rumours were rife in Paris on Sunday, that an
Austrian army of twenty thousand men had entered
Lombardy after defeating the Piedmontese army. It
was also rumoured that the King of SARDINIA and
the Pons had both applied to the French Republic
for assistance. These rumours, however, could be
traced to no authentic source.

Accounts from Algiers ;epresent that colony as
being in a most deplorable condition. Almost all
the independent colonists have quitted, so that the
territory is now only occupied by the army and the
natives. The latter are represented as being ripe for
revolt.

There were a good many speculators at the Sun-
day Bourse, in the passage of the Opera, but no bu-
siness or any kind was done, as all parties were
unwilling to enter upon new transactions until the
determination of the Government on the affairs of
Italy should be known.
The three days of Jaly have passed this year with-
out any fetes, and almost without notice.
BUSINEaS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, JULY 29.
Boulogne and Amiens, VA —Namur and Liege, 434
Orleans and Bourdeaux, 2.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 24th and 25th have arrived,

The Directors of the Bank of San Fernando have
applied to the Government to annul the engagements
subsisting between them. If the execution of these
engagements be enforced, the Bank will, it is said,
be compelled to stop payment.

The Foment() of Barcelona, of the 41st, says that
on the 19th Colonel Ruiz succeeded in dislodging
CABRERA and 200 men from the mountain of San
Sagimon. lle had afterwards an engagement with
some trabucaire bands, of which he slew four and
wounded several. The BarceZones says that
CARRERA was at Vilanova de Sau on the 19th, but
on hearing that a column of the QUEEN'S troops was
near the town, he retired towards San Julian, after
having obtained rations for his men.
The Bolsa was closed on the 25th.

GERMANY

AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

PRUSSIA.

MM. CAMMAUSEN, BECKERAUTII, AtTERSWALD, and
other distinguished Frankfort Prussian deputies, have
arrived in Berlin to consult with the Government upon
the important subject of Prussian-German policy. It
is the general opinion that it is utterly impossible
for Prussia to submit to the project of centralization,
referred for revision to Dahlmann and consorts,: un-
less this project be modified and divested of its exclu-
sive and objectionable clauses.

It appears that General WRANGEL, in rejecting the
armistice, made use of these words:—" I am no longer
a Prussian general, nor have I to receive my orders
from a Prussian Alinistry, but I am a general of the
German Confederation ; and my superior is the Ger-
man central power—is the Archduke JOHN."
COPENHAGEN, JULY 26.

The King of DENMARK left for Malmo on the 24th,
and was present, accompanied by the CROWN PRINCE,
and Generals OXUOLM and LE VETZAN, at a review
there by the King of SWEDEN over 12,000 Swedes,
whose appearance was splendid and soldier-like. The
KING left for Copenhagen immediately after the review.
The Danish army was reviewed at Verle, by
General HEDEMANN, on the 221, when the General
addressed every brigade, and commended their bravery
and firmness, and claimed their further exertions in
the operations about to commence. The general
feeling of the soldiers and inhabitants, for of the
latter great numbers had assembled, was one of joy
and satisfaction. The General, by an order of the
day, expressed his approbation to the soldiers of their
bearing on this occasion. The Minister of War ar-
rived at the army on the 23d.
It is proposed to send an address from here to the
1 French nation, to awaken their sympathy for the
I Danish cause.

M. VON HARI3OU, adjutant to the War Minister,
and several companions in arm.; of General CAVAIG.•
N AC, when in Algeirs, left here on Monday last, by
the Rob Roy, for Paris, via London, but the particu-
lar object of their mission is not made public.
The Russian fleet is still cruising off the Danish
islands and the Swedish coast.

General SCULEPPEGRELL, who is well known as
one of the most distinguished of our military officers,
it is reported will be appointed Commander-in-Chief
of the Danish army. His energy, talents, and woll-
tried presence of mind, under the most difficult cir-
cumstances, have ensured for him the confidence of
our troops.