The Sun.
London, England, 1848-03-20 00:00:00

TBE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MARCFI 20, 1848

wgis of its authority, the vegis of the popular
affections, and that it has sacrificed this through the
pride, the cupidity, and the duplicity of a single
man ; we should say that the sins of a Revolutionary
dynasty—the younger dynasty of the Bourbons—
have suffused with the same dismal hue the
rather incongrous deeds of its representatives, the
diseased demagoguism of Egalite, and the depraved
despotism ef his son, the diabolical cruelty of the one
Duc D'ORLEANS in the vote against Lours XVI.,
and the equally diabolical, because more deliberate,
hypocrisy of the other, in appropriating to himself
the crown of his kinsman, and driving CuaanEs X.
from the Tuileries to establish in that same place a
more stringent, a more formidable, and a more
dangerous, because a more subtle and a more
concealed system of Absolute Government.
To-day is the anniversary of the death
of NAPOLEON'S son, and to day France
is a Republic—a Republic one and indivisible—a
Republic not established by the bourgeoisie, but by
the ouvriers,—a Republic established not by a Re-
volution of Terror and Bloodshed, but by one of
Reason and Magnanimity—the consummation of the
preceding victories of the people—the final triumph
of Democracy, and the permanent assertion of the three
great dogmas of civilization, the dogmas of Liberty,
Equality, and Fraternity.
What was commenced on the 23d of February
was completed on the 17th of March. The
people have proved victorious—with moderation,
without slaughter, without terrorism, without
the sacrifice of the glory of the three days
of 1848, they have proved victorious over
every obstacle. They have by their wisdom, their
calmness, and their unanimity, rendered this not a
revolution of a class, but of an entire race. Ever
since the flight of Royalty through Neuilly, the ex-
pulsion of the Count DE Palm from the Chambre
des Deputes, and the installation of a Provisional
Republic in the Hotel de Ville, the people have
been accumulating authority in their own
hands. " This time," said they, "we will make
sure this time we will not be deceived."
Hence it is that the revolutionary outbreak of 1848
has thrust power not into the hands of the bourgeoisie
but of the ouvriers. The workers are the masters of
France as well as the employers, the men in blouses
as well as the more decently clad civilians, the men
whose palms are hardened by the pressure of the
spade and mattock as well as those which are softened
by the delicacy of idleness. The members of the
Provisional Administration recognised the ne-
cessity of all this they saw that the rapid
development of real democratic power was
essential to the age, to Paris, and to the Revolution,
and for this reason they caused acts in extension
of the national principle of Equality to follow one
another with the utmost possible celerity, with such
a celerity, at least, as was consistent with the dignity
of republican legislation. With this intention the
National Guard was increased by the addition of
twenty battalions of volunteers—clothed, not with
the customary uniform, but with the loose blouse,
indicative of their industrial avocations. Out
of the rn same feeling originated that decree
of the Provisional Government breaking up
the Grenadiers and Light Infantry companies—
placing them, indeed, upon a similar footing with the
main body, by which arrangement their aristocratic
tendencies would be effectually nullified. Thirteen
thousand men of these aggrieved companies march( d
(unarmed), it will be remembered, to the Hotel de
Ville on Thursday—sent a deputation to the Pro-
visional Ministers demanding the withdrawal of this
unpalateable but strictly democratic decree—re-
ceived by way of reply the declaration that the
Government were resolved to stand by their ori-
ginal_determination under all circumstances, and
declared in a momentary paroxysm of rage that on
the following day the Compagnies d'Elite would re-
assemble with arms in their hands, and compel the
Administration to retract. Such a retraction would
have been a retrograde step on the part of the Revo-
lutionit would have been the transference of a
portion of the newly acquired sovereignty from the
people themselves back to the bourgeoisie. The
People perceived this. There was no time for
hesitation. It will be remembered that during
one night of February barricades were
erected in all parts of the capital, every
class uniting in the work of patriotism. A similar
enthusiasm animated the populace on the night of the
16th of March. The Clubs communicated with
each other, and before noon on the 17th seventy
thousand Parisians debouched from all quarters
of the metropolis into the Place of the Hotel de
Ville. A deputation proceeded to the Provisional
Government, requiring from the Ministers-1. The
removal of the troops of' the line-2. Thu postpone-
ment to the sth of April the election of the officers
of the National Guard; and 3. The postponement
to the 31st of May the elections for the Na-
tional :Assembly. In the presence of this vast
multitude, the Provisional Ministers reasoned with
the deputation, and M. DE LAMARTINE, for himself
and for his colleagues, declared his determination to
act in a spirit of profound allegiance to the cause of
freedom and the Republic, but at the same time re
fused to allow any concession whatever to be extorted
by the awe inspired by these gigantic demonstrations
of armed citizens. Shall it be said after this that
the Republican Ministers are without moral or
physical bravery ? Was not M. Loins BLANC
sustained with a true civic daring when he rejected
the arguments of the deputation from a mob of
seventy thousand men ? Was not M. ALPIIONSE DE
LAMARTINE inspired with tne Genius of Courage, of
Eloquence, of Statesmanship, and of Exalted He-
roism when he peremptorily refused the wishes of
these seventy thousand men ? and yet, doing so, he,
an unarmed civilian, without a rampart of guards to
protect him, with only his oratory as his breast-
plate, poured into their ears those words of
tire, with which he can so readily inflame
the imaginations of men, and sent them homewards
with acclamations, and with a renewed confidence in
the abilities of the Provisional Government.

Meanwhile, the Compagnies d'Elite endeavoured
to proceed in an armed mass towards the Hall of
Legislation, but found thsir way obstructed by the
vastness of the aEsemblid concourse. Here occurred
the last and InoA memorable of the victories of de-
mocracy. Not a blow was struck, not a sword
was drawn, not a gun was fired, but the
insolence of these arrogant divisions of the National
Guard bowed down before the cslm and awful majesty
of the people. The Compagities d'Elite dispersed. By
this occurrence the Revolution has been completed—
the Republic has been securely rooted in France—
and the Provisional Government has acquired an ac-
cession of popularity—a popularity which must
henceforth defy opposition.

At the Stafford Assizes last week, three persons
were placed upon their trial, charged upon the
Coroner's inquisition with the crime cf manslaughter.
The grand jury had previously ignored the bill that had
been preferred against the same parties for the alleged
homicide—the verdict of the coroner's jury, however,
required that an investigation should take place before
the Court itself. No counsel appeared either for the
prosecution or defence, and the presiding Judge, Mr.
Justice CEESSWELL, stated that he had looked into the
depositions, and found that there was no case whatever
against the prisoners, and it is said " that he severely
censured the coroner for putting the county to expense
by sending such cases for trial." Nothing, however,
was said as to the expense an annoyance to which
these innocent men had been so wantonly and
im-
properly exposed. It is impossible to calculate the
amount of mischief and thatinjurymied to appear inflictedear in a
ll
may b
upon any person by being co
court of justice to answer a criminal charge. He
may lose a situation, the duties of which he had
faithfully and efficiently discharged up to the period
)f his arrest, he may be exposed to the demoralization
consequent upon being placed in contact with the most
depraved and abandoned characters. Al though presumed
by law to be innocent until a jury shall have returned
an unfavourable verdict, he is practically treated as
if his guilt were undoubted. Every indulgence is
denied. He is not merely detained in gaol for safe
custody, but he is subjected to the most stringent
prison regulations, and no relaxation is allowed,
however manifest his innocence may be. He is coin-
mitted for trial by a competent authority, whether
a coroner or a magistrate, and it is essential that he
should have a foretaste of the punishment due to un-
doubted guilt. lie may be compelled to un-

dergo heavy and ruinous expenses in order
that his defence may be properly con-
ducted. Although the prosecution may be wholly
owing to the vindictive and malicious feelings of some
private individual, it is nominally carried on at the
suit of the Crown, and no costs can be given against
the Crown. The expenses of a prosecution may,
and generally are, provided for out of the county
rates ; but, although the prisoner may leave the court
without the slightest stai❑ on his character, and may
have established the groundlessness of the charge to
the perfect satisfaction of the entire Court, no re-
muneration whatsoever can be given to him for his
heavy outlay. Many, too, will hear of the charge
who may not be informed of the triumphant
acquittal of the accused, and thus his repu-
tation will be blemished to a certain extent
amongst those who are not intimately acquainted
with him. We find, then, the victim suffering in purse,
in person, and character, and perhaps his whole
prospects in life blighted, because some worshipful
magistrate has taken a flippant and careless view of
his case, and committed the accused for trial, although
every circumstance rendered it a matter of certainty
that the proceedings would terminate in an acquittal.
There is nothing of greater importance to the com-
munity in general than that magistrates should ex-
ercise the enormous powers conferred upon them with
judgment and discretion. They are, in fact, intended
not merely for bringing guilty parties to justice, but
also to prevent their fellow-subjects from being an-
noyed by unfounded accusations. As a grand jury
should not return a true bill against a party unless
there is such evidence against him as to justify a petty
jury in returning an adverse verdict, a magis-
trate should not send a person to trial unless there is
a fair and reasonable prospect of a conviction.
He is to examine fully into all the cir-
cumstances of the case, he should maturely
consider the several facts, and if he feels
the slightest doubt he should dismiss the
party from the bar ; but if, on the contrary,
the testimony is sufficiently strong to warrant a com-
mittal, he should cautiously abstain from expressing
any opinion of the prisoner's guilt which could by
possibility prejudice the accused on his trial.

Magistrates, however, too frequently forget them-
selves, and evince strange indiscretion in these
respects. We repeatedly hear of their telling the
prisoner that no jury could entertain a doubt upon
the case ! that a conviction is certain, &c., and also
find persons exposed to all the inconvenienoe we have
before alluded to, on the most trivial and insufficient
grounds.
The case of Colonel Mown; which was tried at
the Middlesex Sessions last week, was one of singular
hardship, and in which the magistrate might most
properly have exercised his discretion. That gentle-
man, who had ever maintained an unblemished repu-
tation, and who was looked upon by all who had the
pleasure of his acquaintance as a gentleman of the
highest honour and integrity, was charged with
having stolen a Bible and Prayer-book from a chapel
in Kentish-town. It appeared that some time previ-
ously he had lost a dearly loved wife in childbirth ;
that on the morning of the day in question he had
received intelligence of the serious illness of his eldest
daughter, and that in order to soothe his excited
feelings he had gone into the chapel to see
the several monuments contained therein. He came
at length to one which appeared singularly applicable
to his own case. It had been erected by a person
who had suffered a similar bereavement to the me-
mory of his partner, and referred to a text of Scrip-
ture which he became anxious to examine more
closely. It being nearly dark at the time, he took a
Bible from one of the pews near to the window in
order to do so, and wrote down the verse on a slip of
paper, which he put in his pocket. He then placed
the book upon a bench close to where he was standing
being so much affected at the time, as to omit return-
ing it to the exact place from which he
had taken it, and left the church, hav-
ing previously given a small silver coin
to the verger, by whom he had been accompanied.
After he had left the church, the verger missed the
book and pursued him, when he immediately returned.
The book was subsequently found lying on the floor,
close to the bench on which he had placed it, from
which it had probably been thrown by the skirt of
the verger's coat, when hurrying in pursuit. It was
not at any time seen in his possession ; the only fact
was, that he had taken the book in the presence of
the officer, and had omitted to return it to the exact
spot. He received the highest character from
several gentlemen who had known him for many
years, who explained the circumstances of the
loss of his wife, and the deep affliction he
had suffered ; his explanation was corroborated
by the paper on which he had copied the
verse of Scripture ; but notwithstanding all this
lie was sent to trial, and bail to a very large amount
insisted upon. On the trial the evidence on his
behalf was stopped by the Court ; the jury, without
hesitation, returned a verdict of not guilty. The
presiding Judge declared that he left the court
without the slightest stain or blemish on his charac-
ter, a statement in which the attending justices, the
jury, and the crowded auditory fully concurred.
What now can compensate this injured gentleman
for what he has suffered while detained away from
his family and friends with so degrading a charge
impending over him? All which would have been
avoided if the magistrate had used a little more cau-
tion, and evinced some greater regard for that which
it is his especial duty to respect—the liberty of the
subject.

Intelligence up to the 13th has been received from
Lisbon.

A modification of the Ministry, which would give
to RODERIGO DA FONSECA. MAGALHAES and to
AVILA seats in the Cabinet, was considered not im-
probable.
The Due D'AusfiLE and the Prince and Princess
DE JOINYILLE (the latter the sister of the Queen of
PORTUGAL) had arrived in Lisbon from Algiers.
They only remained in Lisbon two days, and left for
England on the same day the packet sailed.

Madrid papers to the 12th have arrived.
It was said that the Duchess of MONTrENSIER was
expected to arrive at Bilboa.

The entrlists under the command of the nephews
of TRISTANY have appeared in force in Catalonia.
The Duke D'ATJMALE and the Prince DE JOINVILLE,
after visiting Malaga, had proceeded to Gibraltar.

ELECTION COMMITTEES.
(THIS DAY.)
AYLESBURY.

The Aylesbury Election Committee re-assembled this
morning, Mr. R. Palmer in the chair.
liumphery Bull, general agent to Lord Chandos, and
occasionally for the Duke of Buckingham, proved that
the instructions he gave for treating the voters who were
tenants of the Duke, were to fulfil a promise ho long
before made to them. The teliants had once or twice
complained to him of their 'having to go all the way to
Stow to pay their rents, and in order to quiet them he
promised that they should have a wino feast. That wine
feast he gave them at ono of the Aylesbury inns. lie
had no directions whatever from Mr. Deering or any of
his agents as to this treating.

DERBY.
The Derby Election Committee reassembled this
morning, Mr. Childers in the chair.
At the sitting of the Committee,
The CHAIRMAN intimated, after hearing counsel, that
it was the wish of the Committee that the petitioners
should confine themselves to five specific cases of bribery,
but if, during the enquiry, the parties found themselves
in a situation to prove other instances of bribery, the
Committee reserved to themselves the power of going
into them.
Samuel Holmes, a freeman of Derby was then called
to prove that at the last election nearly the whole of the
freemen of the borough were placed upon a fictitious
committee, and paid so much a day for their imagi-
nary services. The consideration for placing names
upon the Committee was that the parties ehould
vote for Mr. Strutt.

Mrs. Bray's new novel, " Trials of Domestic Life,"
in 3 vols., is published this day by Mr. Colburn, and may
now be had at all the libraries. The following popular
novels are also just published :-2. Angels, by the author
of " Emilia Wyndham," 3 vols.-3. Adventures of a
Medical Student, by the late R. Douglas, surgeon, R.N.,
3 vols.— 4. Leonora, a Love Story, 3 vols.-5. James
the Second, an Historical Romance, edited by W. 11.
Ainsworth, Esq , 3 vols.-6. Town and Country; or the
Days of the Regency, by Mrs. Trollope, 3, vols.-7. The
Hall and the Hamlet, by William Howitt, 2 vols. Also
just ready, Mrs. Armytage, or Female Domination, by
Mrs. Gore, forming the new volume of " Colburn'a
Standard Novels," price ss. bound, with portrait.
BRISTOL SUOAR-MARIERT, MARCH IT.—The mar-
ket has been very dull this week; and, in the absence of
supplies, the transactions have been unimportant. The
refined market is quiet.—Bristol Mercury.

INSURREt',TIONS
IN
V lENNA AND BERLIN.

RESIGNATION OF PRINCE METTERNICH.

The accounts from the Austrian dominions are im-
portant Prince METTERNICH had dissolved the
Hungarian Diet, in consequence of which Hungary
had, it was said, thrown off the yoke of Austria, and
proclaimed a republic. This news, however, has
not been confirmed.
An emeute broke out at Vienna on the 13th. The
students attacked the arsenal and were repulsed. On
the 14th the EMPEROR had issued an appeal to the
burgher corps, calling upon them to strengthen their
force in order to prevent a recurrence of the lament-
able scenes of the preceding day, and to secure a con-
tinuance of the then existing tranquillity. His MAJESTY
hoped that his people would recognise in the measures
he had adopted another proof of his paternal regard and
protection, and that order would be speedily restored.
Prince METTERNICH, who had strenuously resisted
all reforms, and who declared in the Cabinet that he
would rather throw himself into the arms of Russia
than give way to the movement, and had ordered the
advance of troops to Ulm, to prevent Liberal mani-
festations among the smaller states of Germany, has
been forced to give in. He resigned on the 14th, and
Counts KOLOWRATII and MONTECUCULLI hare been
entrusted with the task of forming a new Ministry.
Thui Austria has entered upon the path of progress.
The insurrection of the peasants in Wurtemburg has
been put down.
An insurrection broke out in Berlin on the 13th,
which was attended with loss of life, in consequence
of an attack on the people by the troops. The cor-
respondent of the Cologne Gazette gives the following
account of this outbreak. His letter is dated March
13, ten o'clock at night :
"Whilst we are writing strong detachments of troops
are posted at each corner of the principal streets, and
from time to time we hear shouts, followed by a charge
of cavalry. The tranquillity of the city, however, it
is expected, will be restored. The disturbance was
created by the appearance of a gendarme in the
street. He was hissed and hooted, and retreated to
his guardhouse. A body of cuirassiers and dragoons,
followed by a strong body of infantry, charged the
people, of whom several were severely wounded. A
serious collision took place between the people and the
troops near the palace. The latter were struck with
paving stones, but they succeeded in making several
prisoners."
The Prussian Universal Gazette states, that on the
14th inst. a deputation of magistrates and delegates
from the city of Berlin presented the KING with an
address in consequence of the events of the preceding
day. His MAJESTY replied as follows

" I receive your address with pleasure. When agita-
tion reigns everywhere we cannot expect that we should
remain tranquil, and we ought to congratulate ourselves
that in a city in which so many elements of disturbance
exist, order should not have been more seriously dis-
turbed. Even the occurrence of last evening should not
cause any apprehension, for the citizens gave proofs of
the greatest moderation. As regards the address, my
motto is free people and free sovereigns.' We must
both be free in order to secure the prosperity of the
nation. As to the passage in the address respecting the
development of the constitution, I have only to remark
that we must not be too hasty. The history of a neigh
bouring country, where fifteen constitutions succeeded
each other, and in which the entire edifice lately fell to
pieces, sufficiently proves it. We cannot build a house
in six months which would require one year and a half,
nor can we build on sand. As regards Germany, her
fate is not in my hands, but I will use every effort that
in this pericd of crisis she may become united, strong,
and great. I feel an interest in her welfare equally with
that of Prussia."

The following is an extract from a private letter :
" BERLIN, MARCH 16, 1848.

" My dear Sir,--The events which have taken place at
Vienna, and which we learned this morning, ate another
proof of the facts that the year 1848 is one of the most
remarkable in modern history.
"A most glorious revolution has been achieved inAustria,
equal to that of 1830 ! On the 13th, a number of citi-
zens assembled in the streets, were harangued by the
students of the University, .and wished to draw up a
petition to the Emperor, to be presented by the States
of Lower Austria, assembled in diet at Vienna, demand-
ing-1. The immediate dismission of Metternich end
Sedluitzky (the odious Police Minister); 2. A Consti-
tution on a broad and liberal basis; 3. Liberty of the
Press. The soldiers were called out ; in one of the
squares a captain of Horse Guards cut down a student
who was addressing the people, and that act was the
signal for the death of tyranny in Austria. The officer
was tern from his horse end bound, a student as raised
upon it in his stead, and the soldiers (mostly Italians)
declared at once, and unanimously, for the people.
They accompanied the citizens to the " Burg ;" a depu-
tation was sent to, and admitted, by the Emperor, who
at once granted the concessions claimed by the people.
Metternich and Sedluitzky, and the unpopular Princes,
have left Vienna, and the capital is tranquil.
" I am sorry to say I cannot repeat the same of Ber-
lin ; the excitement prevailing is immense. The streets
are crowded, and as soon as night sets in, thousands and
tens of thousands of the rabble assemble, and insult the
soldiers. Many individuals of both classes have been
killed and wounded, but we hope the King will to day
proclaim liberty of the press, by which measure the ex-
citement would be greatly allayed. Of course all small
German states have had their revolutions, but nobody
talks of them. The Duke of Anhalt Dessau has even
been forced to give up his domains, to bo divided among
the peasants ! We suffer immensely, of course ; every
sort of business is at a stand-still, and credit is a
word unknown.

" This evening the press in Prussia will be declared
free, in consequence of an address of the booksellers and
printers of Berlin, which I assisted at in drawing up,
and where I and Mr. Decker were the only persons who
took the King's side. Paynad made a revolutionary
speech ! Germany is free ; may it now grow rich !
" Yours sincerely,
* * I *
The following was received from llull last evening
by Electric Telegraph :

SEVEN P.M.

The llelen I`,l‘Gregor, Captain FROST, arrived at
six o'clock this evening, having left Hamburgh
twenty. four hours later than the Victoria. That city
was tranquil. _ _

A private letter, dated Hamburgh, 17th, states—
" The last accounts from Berlin are of this day's date
by train which loft that capital at seven this morn-
ing, and reached this at three this afternoon. The
disturbances had somewhat subsided. The troops
were standing firm to the lima, who seems deter-
mined not to grant all the people demand. It is
much to be feared that peace will not be restored
without further bloodshed."

HULL, SUNDAY EVENING.

By the Victoria steamer, Captain DICKENSON,
arrive.d this morning frcm llamburgh, whence she
sailed on Friday morning, we have advices from
Berlin to Thursday morning.
The populace there are stated to be still in a state
of turbulence, if not actual insurrection.

On Wednesday night there had been a very serious
collision between the people and the military, the
students being very prominent among the people,
acting as their leaders, and bearing the brunt of the
conflict.

Ten deaths resulted, and there were upwards of a
hundred wounded.

The following are extracts from a ITainburgh
paper of the 17th :_...

" BERLIN; MARCH 16, 3 P.m.

" The King is wavering. He has already con-
ceded the institution of a Burgher Guard, which
was included in the constitutional reforms demanded
by the people. The Ministry have refused to act
unless on the solicitation of the burghers. The
armed police manifest every disposition to conciliate
the people.
" The petition for the abolition of the censorship of
the press is granted by the King.
" A deputation of 200 students has waited on the
Prince of Prussia to demand the withdrawal of the
troopz, and to inform him that in case of refusal they
would instantly arm, and resist them in the event of
their attacking the people.
" A collision has taken place between the military
and the civilians. Some barricades have been erected,
and the bridges have been drawn up.
" The soldiers have charged several times, and
many have been wounded, and some killed. The
Berlin burghers are now fully aroused, and it will be
very extraordinary if more decisive results are not
obtained this evening."
ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS.

By the Flanders and Hamburgh mails, which
arrived this morning, we have received German

papers which give the following additional particulars
of the recent events at Berlin and Vienna :
" THE DISTURBANCES AT BERLIN, MARCH 16.
These disturbances were commenced by the mob, who
collected in large crowds in the courtyard of the palace,
and attacked the settinel on duty with flag-stones, which
they tore up. They were repeatedly desired to with-
draw, but :replied by a volley of stones, so that it was
necessary to call out the cavalry to clear the courtyard
of the palace. The multitude then marched in wild
disorder down the prin:ipal streets, and endeavoured to
re-assemble and keep off the soldiers by erecting barri-
cades and drawing up the bridges. The soldiery, which
were occupied in removing these obstacles, were again
met with a volley of stones, and it was necessary to have
recourse to aracs. Order could not be restored
without bloodshed. The burgher guard was sworn in,
and every precautionary measure resorted to for the
peace of the city.

" ELEVEN O'CLOCK AT NIGIIT.—The streets were
quiet, and order appeared to be completely estored.—
Universal Prussian Gazette, March 17.

" VIENNA.—PROCLAMATION OF TUE EMPEROR ( F
AUSTRIA.—To secure the peace of this capital, which
has ben so greatly disturbed, his Majesty the Emperor
has been pleased to command that all the students, with
the exception of foreigners, shall be put under arms,
subject to suitable regulations.
" His Majesty expects that all the burgher guard
will strengthen it as much as possible, and co• operate
enegetically for the preservation of peace.
" His Majesty has already formed a committee to
deliberate upon measures suitable to the present exigen-
cies, ai,d will add to it, not only members of the State,
but also of the civil body.
" His Majesty expects that a new proof of his pa-
ternal care will be seen in those measures, and that peace
will be restored, otherwise his Majesty would with pain
be compelled to call in the force of arms.— Wiener
Zeitung, March 14.
" Prince Metternich, Chancellor of State of the
House and of the Court, has resigned his post into the
hands of his Majesty the Emperor. The formation of a
new Ministry is said to have been confided to Count
Kolowrat and Count Montecuculi.— Universal Prussian
Gazelle, March 17.

" The Prussian Gazette of the 17th ult. says that intel-
ligence had just arrived from Vienna, that in consequence
of the urgent representation of several members of the
Austrian State, and the promise of the Emperor to
grant speedy reforms, had quieted the popular tumult,
and that peace was restored.
" The Auysburg Gazette, of the 14th, says that an
address to his Majesty has been presented by the nobles
of Milan, laying their requests and protestations at the
4bot of the throne. The sending of the troops to Italy is
on the decline; but, on the other hand, it is stated that
an Austrian Corps of Observation is shortly to be assem-
bled in the Rhine, and, like Belgium and Holland, to
place the troops on a footing of war in case of emer-
gency.

" VIENNA, MARCH 14.—The following is a concise
survey of the events of yesterday at Vienna:—
" The opening of the session of the Lower Austrian
Chamber of Deputies yesterday brcught together such a
large concourse of the upper classes that even the depu-
ties had a difficulty in effecting an entrance.
" The business of the day was commenced, but scarcely
half an hour had elapsed, when a mass of people forced
their way into the hull, and several individuals demanded
in a loud tone radical reforms in the Constitution. Count
Montecuculi, Marshal of the Diet, who possesses great
popularity and judgment, said a few words, and pro-
mised to submit to the Emperor the petition which had
:he day before been decided:upon by the Representatives;
and, accordingly, accompanied by an immense body of
the populace, immediately repaired to the palace. Atter
considerable difficulty he obtained access to the Arch-
duke Ludwig,Chief of the Home Department, by whom
tie was informed that there was no disposition to make
concessions. It was, however, determined to await the
result of a Cabinet Council, which was immediately
summoned. The Marshal of the Diet, and the people
who accompanied him, waited in vain for their resolu-
don from twelve to four o'clock, and when the result
was communicated to the large body of people assem-
oled without, the indignation of the people knew no
bounds. The students headed the multitude, and
harangued them from the steps cf the house of
Assembly. The tumult continually increased, and the
mob amounted to from 60,000 to 100,000 men. Sud-
denly the troops appeared, and fired among the
people to disperse them: ten or twelve persons were
killed and many wounded, among whom was a
student. Meanwhile, the number of the troops and the
mass of the people increased still more. Four pieces of
cannon were placed upon St. Stephen Plats, and the
cannoneers stood by the guns with a burning match in
their hands. The workmen attacked the Bureaux of
the Police, and even some barricades were erected. The
alarm drum was beat, and the Burgher Guard called out.
The Burgher Guard speedily appeared armed, and were
received by the populace with loud acclamations. They
now repaired en masse to the Palace, and were informed
that Prince Metternich bad given in his resignation, and
that the wishes of the people should be attended to.
" The people were perfectly satisfied with this decla-
ration, and paraded the streets with demonstrations of
joy till midnight. By command of the police the city
was illuminated. Save the destruction of the police-
office, no damage was done; but all the shops were closed
by way of precaution. The students who patrolled all
night with the Burgher Guard; were supplied by the
Government with arms from the arsenal. Tho City
Gardens were closed during the commotions, and troops
stationed, in order to prevent the ingress of the invaders.
Tho people, however, forced the gates, and they
made their way into the city. The commotion
which prevailed cannot be described, and it was of
course quite impossible to transact any business at the
Bourse. No disturbances took place during the night,
but as the troops were still drawn up in front of the
military establishment, a renewal of yesterday's scene
was greatly apprehended, and accordingly, at ten o'clock
in the morning, a deputation of eight armed burghers
repaired to the place to declare that the burghers would
guarantee the peace of the city if the military were
withdrawn. After a long deliberation, this was agreed
to, and the various posts are now occupied by the
burghers' guard, which, in conjunction with the
burghers not in uniform, but carrying rod and white
banners, patrol the streets and maintain order.
" The proclamation of the Emperor in the iViemar
Gazette of this morning has not given satisfaction.
" In consequence of new representations the Emperor
has since accorded—' Liberty to the people, and the
establishment of a National Guard.' The latter is to be
organised by Count floyad.
" The deliberations respecting the other concessions
still continue.

" To-day no business whatever was done at the Bourse,
and nothing was dono in the funds.—llaniburgh Borsen
Halle, Marsh 17.

LATEST; INLELLIGENCE FROM BERLIN.
According to a telegraphic dispatch, dated Berlin,
Friday, the 17th, five o'clock, p.m , which arrived at
Cologne at half-past six, order was restored, and that
metropolis continued quiet.
The KING had returned from Potsdam in the after-
noon of the 15th.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

PROCEEDINGS AT PARIS.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday.
The armed demonstration of the people in support
of the Provisional Government against the demands of
the corps d'elite of the National Guards, an account of
which appeared in The Sun of Saturday, passed off
quietly.
The assemblage of the people was caused by the
following placard, posted up at an early hour in the
morning.

" The people during the combat were heroic, after the
victory were generous, and now are sufficiently magna-
nimous to refrain from inflicting punishment. They are
calm, because they are powerful and just. Let evil pas-
sions, let wounded interests, beware of provoking them !
The people are called upon to give a high moral and
social direction. It is their duty to fraternally call to
order such misled men as may still try to maintain pri-
vileged bodies in the bosom of our equality ! They look
with a severe eye upon these manifestations against that
Minister who has given so many plidges to the revolu-
tion. Let the people then assemble this day, the 17th,
at ten in the morning, in the Place de la Revolution,
and there express their will. We have already shed
our blood in defence of the revolution, and are ready to
shed it again. 'We will wait —we, whci are often in want
of the neces3aries of life. All who at this hour march
against the revolution are guilty of the crime of lese-
humanity. To us, then, citizens Rally round the
Provisional Government I Let us again assure it that
we are ready to give it our concurrence in all measures
for insuring order, unity, and the public safety. Vive
la llepubique.
" SOBRI " GANNEAU.
" CAIIAIGNE. " LECIIALLIER.
" PILIIES. " IMBERT."
" ROZIERES.

The people consider this a great triumph for the
party of " the Progress ;" and on Friday night they
traversed the Boulevards from the Place de la Bastille
to the Madeleine, calling for lights. The citizens
along the line illuminated their houses, and all passed
off quietly.
Tho IVeniteur contains the following important
decree imposing additional taxes :
. _ .

" The Provisional Government, considering that the
interest of the Republic requires that powerful assistance
should be immediately afforded to labour, industry, and
commerce ; considering that it is not loss necessary nor
loss urgent to re-organise the military forces of the
Republic, decrees—
" There shall be raised temporarily, and for the year
1848, 45 centimes additional on the entire of the four
direct contributions of that year.
" The centimes bearing on the contribution levied off
landed property shall be at the charge of the proprietors
alone, notwithstanding any stipulation to the contrary
contained in any lease or convention. The amount of
those temporary centimes to be immediately demandable
without any further notice to the taxpayers. The ex-
penses of the collection of those additional centimes are
fixed by the inspectors at one-fourth of the per centago
paid on ordinary contributions. No additional salary is
to be paid to the general or particular collectors.
" Made at the Government Council, the 16th of March,
1848."

The Moniieur contains likewise the following de•
tree relative to the payment of Treasury bonds :

" The Provisional Govarnraent, considering that the

fallen Government has left a floating debt to the Republic
payable immediately or at au approaching period, and
which on 24th February last amounted to not less than
872,000,000 f. ; considering that the Royal bonds, of
which a part has already been paid from the Treasury
the Republic, still figure in the floating debt for a snot
of 274,539,900 f.; considering that these bonds are for the
greater part the property of capitalists whose interests
are not directly connected with those of industry and
commerce; considering that those bonds will not remain
unproductive in the hands of the holders, inasmuch as
the interest will continue to be puid on them at the rate
of 5 per cent.—decrees, on the proposition of the Minister
of Finance, that from the dote of the promulgation of
the present decree until the decision of the National As-
sembly, the holders of royal bonds created previous to
the 24th of February, 1848, may exchange them for
coupons of the national loan in Five per Cents. at par.
In case such exchange is not acupted, those bonds will
be paid in cash at the public Treasury within six months
from the day of their falling due.
" Article 2. The Treasury bonds issued in place of
cash, or as a renewal of bonds become due by the de-
partment of Finance since the establishment of the
Republic, will of full right be repaid in legal coin.

" Article 3. The Minister of Finance and member of
the Provisional Government is charged with the execu-
tion of the present decree.
Made in Paris at a Government Council held the
16th of March, 1848."

The Moniteur contains the following decree, plac-
ing 60,000,000 f. at the disposal of the Minister of
Finance, for the encouragement of agriculture,
manufactures, and commerce:—
" The Provisional Government, in consideration of
the decree, dated this day, which imposes 45 centimes
additional on the amount of the four direct taxes; con-
sidering that one of the first duties of the Government
of the Republic is to alleviate the distress which during
four years has caused such injury to agriculture, manu-
factures, and commerce; considering that credit is the
most urgent necessity of those three elements of public
credit; considering that the greater number of private
establishments are paralysed; considering that it is
necessary to supply the manufacturers with the means
of securing employment for the numerous operatives
employed in their factories; decrees—
" Article I.—A sum of 60,000,000 f. is placed at the
disposal of the Minister of Finance.
" Article 2.—This sum of 60,000,000 f. shall be divided
between the various workshops which, according to the
terms and following the disposition of our decree of the
9th of March, 1848, shall be successively formed in
Paris and in the departments, and in all the great agri-
cultural manufacturing and commercial centres.
" Article 3.—The division shall be based on the par-
ticular nature and the proportional importance of the
necessities of the different localities.

" Article 4. —The Minister of Finance, member of the
Provisional Government, is charged with the execution
of the present decree.
" Made in Paris at the Government Council, the 16th
of March, 1848."
The election for officers of the National Guard
has been postponed, at the request of the people, to
the sth of April. The following are the reasons
given by the Moniteur for this postponement :

" Our desire, our interest, our dearest wish is to make
that vigorous population enter into the National Guard,
whose instincts of order and organization have produced
in the procession of yesterday a picture which is our
pride. The Provisional Government wishes that all
citizens should exercise their rights, that the
National Guards should, not only in principle but in
fact, be an armed people. Already the National
Guards, which on the Ist of February only amounted
to 56,751, form to-day an effective force of 190,299
men. What men, what parties could be so senseless
as to hope to carry out ideas which are for ever re-
ceived in the face of that democratic force, and which,
already established in the capital, will soon be °stab-
din all the departments. The Provisional Govern-
ment, which wishes to allow citizens the time to inscribe
themselves, wishes also to allow them the opportunity
of meeting, :electing, and discussing the merits of the
different candidates for the rank of officers. It is on this
account that we prolong the elections of the officer; to
the sth of April."
A deputation of the Irish, residing in Paris, yes-
terday went up to present an address of felicitation to
the Provisional Government. After the reading of
the address, M. LEONARD, a member of the deputation,
said—

" Combatants of February,—.l come, under the aus-
pic.:s of the Municipal Council of the town of Seas, to
ask to be admitted into the great French family, and to
continua to aid the cause of liberty, which I have as-
sisted in establishing. I come to depose the flag of
Ireland in the hands of the Provisional Government;
may it for ever wave in unison with those of their
brethren."

M. LAmaßTlNE,4llember of the Provisional Govern-
ment, replied in the following terms :
" Citizens of Ireland,,-I regret that the whole of
the Provisional Government who have just withdrawn,
after the serious business! of the day, have nut the
satisfaction and pleasure of `...hearing the address you
have just presented. Ireland, has inscribed as her
motto the noble words of the Martyr, whose me-
mory you have just recalled to our minds. Let
no slavish hand engrave an inscripflon on my tomb till
Ireland be free.' These words havcipbecome a truth for
your country, a prohecy of your religion, and soon, I
hope, of your complete Constitutional, independence.—
(Cries of " Bravo, bravo!") The great man, whose
name you recal to us (O'Connell) has taught the world
the most energetic, although the wisest means, for the
people to regain their rights; he created what he himself
called, by a denomination borrowed from liberty itself,
peaceful agitation. This agitation has entitled Ireland
for several years past to the admiration of the world.
And I have not the least shadow of a doubt, that after
having successively conquered religious liberty, and ar-
rived so near to constitutional liberty and independence,
it will ultimately procure for you the full enjoyments of
this portion of your nationality. It is in this spirit, gentle-
men, that the new French Republic receives the testimo-
nials of sympathy you this day offer up to her. Know that
the heart of France has never been closed to Ireland, even
under a state of despotism—(Cries of " Vivo la Repub.
liquo")—it has always beat high with the emotions
of our generous country, and if I required any other
proof, it is in the adoption of the noble citizen mho
comes to offer his services to the Republic. how could
we refuse to recognise him, when we acknowledge the
whole of you as French citizens ? "—(Applause.)
M. ICARD, Professor of the Irish College, here said :
•

" Gentlemen—Allow me, as much as lies in my power;
to repair an involuntary misunderstanding. The mem-
bers of the Irish college, having been invited to accom-
pany their countrymen, left the college with that inten-
tion ; but, strangers to the locality, they have been lost
in the crowd, and I have just heard that they have
repaired to the column of July, thinking to meet the
members of the Provisional Government. This, lem
persuaded, will explain their absence, for I know their
sentiments well, and their sympathy for the French re-
volution, alike magnanimous, peaceful, and glorious, and
from which their Government will learn that Govern•
ments on the present day ought not to rely upon phy-
sical force, but upon the sympathy they have the happi-
ness and the honour to command."
LAMARTINE replied

"Be good enough, Sir, to tell the pupils of the Irish
seminary that, if the Provisional Government has not had
the satistaetton of hearing them, it has had the pleasure
of seeing them from the windows of the Hotel de Ville.
Pray, thank them, and tell them that the liberty
acquired in February by the French people is not hostile
to the human conscience.. France glorifies herself, on
the contrary, in finding in her religion the source of her
liberty, and those who fraternize with her in the sen-
timents of religion will be doubly brothers."—(LouLl
approbation.)

The deputation then. withdrew, amidst cries :of
" Vive la Republique !" " Vive le Gouvernement
Provisoire l"

When the members of the Irish College went up to
the hotel de Ville yesterday, some of them got mixed
up with the crowd, who treated them with great re-
spect, and cried " Vive la Religion !" On their re-
turn many of the "people accompanied them, and,
repeated the same demonstrations of respect.
The Aloniteur of Sunday contains the following,
official announcement in relation to this reception df
the Mill deputation :--
"The English Ambassador having demanded friendly
explanations with respect to the fact of an Irish flag
having been presented yesterday at the Hotel de Ville,
the Minister oVForeign Affairs has replied to him that
Franca did noViceognise any other flag in England 'but
that of the., three united kingdoms. He added, that
in replying to the Irish, he made no use of any ex-
pression which was not in conformity with that
thought, at the same time that he could not but mani-
fest the sympathies of France for religious and liberal
Ireland."
The Moniteur adds—

"It is by a typographical error that the Moniteur of
this morning makes M. Lamartine say that the Republic
recognises the Irish as French citizens. The phrase
was addressed to a citizen of the name of De Sons, who
is of Irish origin, who had joined the deputation, and
who had come to offer—his services to the Provisional
Government. lie was the only citizen to whom M. de
Larnartine replied, "The Republic congratulat4 itself on
your being naturalised in France, and adopts you as a
French citizen.'"

The new sf. pieces of the Republic were' issued to
the public on Friday. They are well executed.
The Orleans Railway Company has issued a notice
to the holders of its bonds, stating that, being unable
at present to pay them off, it is obliged to demand a
delay of six months, for which period It will pay the
interest in advance at the rate of five per cent. per
annum. The company declares, that having been
authorised to provide for the execution of works
called for by the increased traffic on the line, it had
collected together, in order to meet its engage-
ments, a sum of more than four millions, a great
part of which was in bons du trisor. The finan-
cial crisis having rendered it impossible to make
these securities available, it has found itself under the
necessity of demanding the indUlgence just named.
The company declares that after a time, when the
present crisis was over, it would be in a position to

meet all its engagements. The elements of it pros'
purity remained the same, and its creditors sn'i
shareholders would, it doubted not, place as iauct
confidence in the directors now as preViously.
The Bank of France will not be able to issue it°
notes of ma. before some days. It has commeacesi
giving specie for notes to such persons as prove, by
the signatures of the commissary of police and inqor
of the arrondissement, that they require the s:rno,
pay their workmen. The bank in such cases gives 0
much as 5COf. in specie out of each I,ooof. note.
At a meeting of the shareholders in the house of
BAUDON and and Co., which was held on Friday, it
was determined to wind up the affairs of the house
amicably as speedily as possible.

The Provisional Government have issued a decree
for the erection of a mor ument to the memory of
Marshal NEY on the very spot where he was shut.
The Provisional Government have received dl5
patches from General CAVAIGNAC, the new Governor
of Algiers, dated Oran, March 8. The Governor
announces that he has taken possession of the cum-
mand of the army of Africa, and of the govern►nent
of Algeria. He was to leave Oran for Algiers on the
same day. He declares that the spirit of the arm,'
and the inhabitants of Algeria towards the Republic
are excellent.

Some of the National Guards of the first legion
have sent letters to the journals, declaring that the
manifestation of Thursday did not originate with the
whole of that legion, for there was a very strong
opposition set up against it ; and that a great many
who were induced to concur in it had since greatly re•
gretted it. The second, and some other legions, have
published similar letters.

Galignanis Messenger publishes the following just
remarks on the absurd reports as to the state of Paris,
which the partisans of the expelled house of Orleans/
with what intention it is easy to guess, are indus-
triously circulating in this country :

"We find the following in several of the 1...r.d0il
papers A letter from Folkstone, dated last tvLnii
after noticing the numerous arrivals of English from the
opposite coast goes on to say—" There are persons who
ridicule the fears and apprehensions of our countrl men
in removing themselves and their families from Paris,
but, if lam correctly informed, a ' reign of tenet has
been established there in a small and quiet way.
lady who arrived this morning states, that she ordered e.
dress to be made up for her, the usual charge for which
would have been about 12f. When it was sent home she
was not a little astonished to find that a most extor-
tionate demand of upwards of 70f. was made. On her
refusal to pay so monstrous a sum, she, was imputhntly
threatened with the vengeance of the mob, who, she was
told, would soon chase all the British out of Paris.
Under the fear of finding herself exposed to the fury of
the populace, the lady eventually compounded for 01.9
and left Paris as quickly as she could. This is by no
means the only instance in which the fears of urpro-
tected English residents in Paris have been worked upon
as a means of extorting money, and this may, in tact,
partly account for the breaking up of so many English
es tablishmen ts."

The above is a fair specimen of the pretended
descriptions given in the various letters to the London
papers on the state of Paris. The story of the cx-
orbitant charge for the dress is probably altogether
an invention, if not, why did not the writer give the
name
.of the impudent extortioner?—who cer-
tainly deserved the exposure, if the account
were true. Paris is certainly unsettled, as must
naturally be the case after so violent a charge of
Government; but that any rational ground for appre-
hensions like those above alluded to have for
moment existed we are prepared wholly to deny, and
we can appeal to hundreds of English residents in
Paris and its vicinity, who know France, and who
remain in perfect tranquillity, for the truth of this,
assertion. We may add to this another contradiction
namely, of a statement prominently put forth; that all
tatters, without exception, addresssd to English per-
sons in France are opened by the police. We can
positively deny this most mischievous announcement
upon the best of all evidence, occular demonstration.
We are in the habit of seeing numerous letters ad-
dressed to English residents, and can undortale
posi-
tively to assert that the charge is utterly unfounded.
It has been officially announced in Paris that the
Emperor of Russia will not interfere in the internal
affairs of France.

Up to the hour of going to press our French pipers
had not arrived.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, ILtuca 18.
Boulogne and Amiens, s%—Dutch Rhenish, Ih—Northers
of France, 2%—Paris and Lyons, I%—Paris and o.leanos
25—Paris and Rouen, 161/2—Paris aid Strasbourg, I—Roueu
and Havre, 7X.