The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-23 00:00:00

OVERLAND MAIL
INDIA.
(From the Times.)
We have received by extraordinary express from
Marseilles our dispatches in anticipation of the
Overland Mails from both Bombay and Calcutta.
The dates are from Calcutta to the Bth, and from
Bombay to the 15th of October.
The Bombay mails of the 15th of October bring
important intelligence. The British troops in the
north-western provinces of India are in movement,
in consequence of the difficulties in which the new
Maharaja, Ghoolab Singh, is placed. In conformity
with the provisions of the treaties of last March,
he during some months has endeavoured to obtain
possession of the Vale of Cashmere ; but he
has encountered unexpected opposition from
Seikh Emaum-ood-Deer, the son of one of his
own old confederates, who has governed that
district during many years. The Seikh has
raised the standard of resistance to Ghoolab :
the latter sent a force to reduce him, but the
Cashmerian mountaineers beat Ghoolab's forces
and slew the commander. Seikh Emaum-ood-Deep
has assumed the title of Emir-001-Moomemin, and
has attempted to make it a religious war against
the Seikhs, whether under Ghoolab or under the
Lahore Government. The Mahommedan tribes in
the neighbourhood appear disposed to support the
Emir-001-Moomemim.
Cashmere is known as a most remarkable tract to
the north-westward of the Punjaub. It is healthy
and fertile, and the inhabitants have long been cele-
brated for their industry. From its situation, as well
as from its being enclosed amongst lofty mountains,
it may be called the most important military position
in that central part of Asia, and it is, like Gibraltar
to the Mediterranean, the key to India, for no invasion
can ever take place through the Punjaub while there
is a force in the Vale of Cashmere ready to cut off
the supplies of the assailants.
The extent of Cashmere is about 120 miles in length
and 70 in breadth. It was annexed to the Dooranee
empire by Ahmed Shah in 1752, and in 1819 Runjeet
Singh subdued it by intrigues, and governed it by
Mahommedans ; after the defeat of the Seikhs in
March last it was ordered to form a part of the
kingdom which the Governor-General con-
ferred on Ghoolab Singh. The Vale of Cashmere
has seven passes, through which it may be entered
they are scarcely passable for even horses. The son
of the old Governor may seize these passes, and
defy Ghoolab during the winter months, that is,
until May next. While thus embarrassed by his new
and refractory sul6eets, Ghoolab applied to the British
authorities, and they have sent a force of 6,000 men,
under General Wheeler, from the Jullunder Doab
to occupy Ghoolab's capital, while he proceeds with all
his forces to put the rebellion down. To render the
matter more singular, the British, who are not bound
by treaty to assist Ghoolab against his internal op-
ponents, have persuaded the Government of Lahore
to aid Ghoolab by dispatching 10,000 to.the passes of
Cashmere.

The son of the old Seikh Emaum-ood-Deen, who
was long a servant of the Lahore Government, is
supposed to be influenced by intrigues set on foot to
injure Ghoolab, who is hated for his treachery by
the Government of Lahore.
There is no doubt of the double defeat of Ghoolab,
and the latest intelligence is that the Emir is making
preparations to resist, and that the British are about
to move towards Cashmere. The winter is a fearful
season in the passes, and it is apprehended that but
little can be done in them until May next, if the Emir
makes the anticipated resistance.
The Nizam of Moultan, a Hindoo, who farmed
that district from Runjeet Singh, is also causing
trouble to the Lahore Government, and refuses to re-
ceive their troops into his forts. At the end of last
year, when ordered to have 60,000 men ready to op-
pose Sir Charles Napier, he coolly told the Lahore
rulers that he would not, for he preferred the English
rule to theirs.
It is therefore supposed that Sir Charles Napier
will ere long have to move troops up the Indus to-
wards Bhawulpore, and perhaps even to take pos-
session of Moultan, which is the great entrepat
for trade with Affghanistan and all the surrounding
districts.

Sinde is tranquil and healthy. Sir C. Napier re-
mains at Kurraehee. The withdrawal of some native
regiments was spoken of. Her Majesty's 17th Regi-
ment was about to have volunteers taken from it, and
then to embark for Bombay and afterwards for Eng-
land.

A bloody revolution has taken place at Katmandoo,
the capital of one of the most powerful Indian states.
Nepaul has long been notorious for its fierce wild in-
habitants. The paramour of the Queen of that country
was assassinated by a faction : he was a man of low
birth and habits.
To avenge his death she procured the massacre
of the Prime Minister, and of hundreds of other
influential persons. She is the second wife of the
Maharaja, and she is jealous of his eldest son by a
former marriage. Her husband has fled, and
there is a prospect of more carnage in that wretched
country.
The Nizam's dominions present the usual picture
of inextricable confusion, arising from bad financial
arrangements.
The Government of India has re-opened the Five
per Cent Loan. The notice was published in
Bombay on the 14th of October, and within 24
hours all the public securities fell 10 per cent. A
sort of panic has seized the holders of the Company's
paper.
There was much anxiety about the new Governor
of Bombay, who was expected without much delay.
Sir David Pollock, the new Chief Justice, bad ar-
rived, but was not expected to take the oaths until
the departure of his predecessor, Sir H. Roper, on the
2d of November.
The health of the Superintendent of the Indian
Navy was much impaired, and he must follow the
example of Sir George Arthur, and soon retire from
the heats of India.

THE PUNJAUB.
(From the Bombay Times.)
Just as the period seemed at band when our troops
were to retire from Lahore, and the strength of the po-
litical arch we had erected to be tested by the removal
of the props which had hitherto sustained it, unlooked-
for events make their appearance, rendering further delay
indispensable. A bloody insurrection in Cashmere shows
so bold a front that the Seikh armies both from Jamoo
and Lahore are summoned forth to quell the rebels, and
so weak are the two Governments that British soldiers
are required at both capitals to see, that when the
troops march forth to chastise malcontents in the pro-
vinces, malcontents more formidable still do not make
their appearance in the cities to meet the army on its
return. The attractions of the vale of Cashmere are
more celebrated in song than in geography or statistics.
It is described as an elevated tract to the westward of
the Punjaub, enclosed by lofty mountains, the central
plain being alluvial. It is watered by the river Jelum
and its numerous tributaries. It is about 120 miles
long and 70 broad, comprising an area of nearly 4,500
square miles. The population of Cashmere has, by ter-
rible visitations of pestilence and famine, been, within
20 years, reduced from 800,000 to 200,000. In 1752 it
was conquered by Ahmed Schah, and attached to
Western Afghanistan. It remained a portion of the
Dooranee empire till 1819, .when it was annexed by
Runjeet Singh to the Seikh dominions. In March,
1846, it was transferred from the rule of Lahore
to that of the Jamoo Maharaja, for whom we de-
sired to carve out a kingdom in return for his
payment of the subsidy due to us by the su-
preme authorities. Seven passes penetrate from
without the entrances through the mountains into the
valley of Cashmere, of which one-half only are said to
be traversable by horses. The Seikhs penetrated by the
Baramoola pass, through which the river Jelum finds its
way. They were only able to take a single piece of
ordnance along with them, a six-pounder gun, slung on
poles, and borne by thirty-two men at a time; a tolerable
illustration of the character of the path. When the
country was made over to Ghooleb Singh, one of his old
confederates in treason, Sheik Ems.m-ood-been, long
governor of the province, exercised almost unbounded
influence over the minds of the people. Averse to quit
the place of his authority, and no longer suffered to ex-
ercise it as before, he resolved to set up for himself, un-
furling the standard of revolt with a view of entering
on independent sovereignty. A force under Lukput Rae,
sent out against him, was defeated, and its commander
slain. The state of matters could not, of course, be per-
mitted to endure, and the Jamoo chief resolved to move
against his refractory subjects at the head of all his arm
so soon as he could make);,r
was
even this considered suf-
ficient y,
arrangements for securing
his rear from attack. isT
• the Lahore Durbar was and 10,000
e, to operate
Seikhs 'directed to move thencetoaptied to;
rijial:edwe were en-
treated
in concert with the other forces. Meanwhile
to assist by occupying Jamoo
our troops to stand fast at Lahore. Consequente ontheseitting
arrangements the following movements are understood
to have been ordered :—Brigadier Wheeler, with about