The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-28 00:00:00

wealth, avarice, and luxury, like some contagious pesti-
lence, had crept into the inmost vitals of the common-
wealth; until the very features, which had once made
her famous no less for her virtues than her valour, were
utterly obliterated, and for ever.
" Instead of a paternal, poor, brave, patriotic, aris-
tocracy, Rome had now a nobility valiant indeed and
capable, but dissolute beyond the reach of man's imagi-
nation; boundless in their expenditures, reckless as to
the means of gaining wherewithal to support them;
oppressive and despotic to their inferiors; smooth-
tongued and hypocritical towards each other; destitute
equally of justice towards men and of respect or piety
toward the gods!
" Wealth had become the idol—the god—of the
whole people; wealth, and no longer service, eloquence,
integrity, or daring, was held the requisite for office!
Wealth now conferred upon its owner all magistracies
and all guerdons—rank, power, command—consulships,
provinces, and armies!
" The Senate, once the most grave and stern and just
assembly that the world had witnessed, was now with
but a few superb exceptions a timid, faithless, and
licentious oligarchy—while—the name whilom so majes-
tical and mighty—the people, the great Roman people,
was but a rabble!—a vile colluvion of the offacourings
of all climes and regions!—Greeks, Syrians, Africans;
barbarians from the chilly north, and eunuchs from the
vanquished Orient; enfranchised slaves, and liberated
gladiators—a fierce, factious, turbulent rabble!
" Such was the state of Rome, when it would seem
that the gods, wearied with the guilt of her aggrandise-
ment, sick of the slaughter by which she had won her
way to empire almost universal, had judged her to de-
struction, had given her up to perish, not by the hands
of any foreign foe, but by her own—not by the wisdom,
conduct, bravery of others, but by her own insanity and

supernal mercy ; nothing of that sweet hope, that un-
dying
trust, that consciousness of self-unworthiness,
that full conviction of a glorious future, which renders ,
so beautiful and happy, the submission of a dying
Christian !
" No ! there were none of these things ; for, to the
wisest and best of the ancients, the foreshadowings to'
of the soul's immortality were dim, faint, and uncertain.
The legends of their mythology held up such pictures of
the sensuality and vice of those whom they called gods
that it was utterly impossible for any sound understand-
ing to accept them. And deep thinkers were conse-
quently driven into pure Deism, coupled too often wit`►
the Epicurean creed, that the Great Spirit was too
grand and too sublime to trouble himself with the brief
doings of mortality.
" The whole scope of the Roman's hope and ambition,
then, was limited to this world ; or, if there was a
longing for anything beyond the term of mortality, it
was for a name, a memory, an immortality of good
report.
" And pride, which the Christian, better instructed.
knows to be the germ and root of all sin, was to the
Roman the sole spring of honourable action, the so!'
source of virtue."

THIRD AND CHEAPER Ea); TION.
Now ready, in one vol., with Maps and Plates, 12s, bound,
T " NEMESIS IN CHINA.
Comprising
A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE WAR IN THAT COUNTRY.
With a particular Account of the Colony of HONG KONG. From
the Notes of Captain lIALL, R.N., and the Personal Observations
of W. D. BERNARD, Esq., A.M. Oxon.
" The most amusing and instructive voyage that has appeared
since the days of Anson."—Sun.
" A work that will take its place besid'e that of Captain Cook in
the annals of the maritime history of this col/atty."— Wookly
Chronicle.
Henry Colburs.Pablisher, la. Great lisrliaorough-etnet.

NEW WORK BT AlaiiKßT
On the 20th instant will be published, 'Trice One Shilling, the
Fourth Number of
THE STRUGGLES AND ADVENTURES
OF CHRISTOPHER TADPOLE,
IN SEARCH OF A NAME, A RELATIVE, AND A WIFE
AT HOME AND ABROAD.
By ALBERT SMITH.
With Illustrations by Leech.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
*,,,* Orders received by all Bookseller■ throughout the United
Kingdem.

WITH THREE ILLUSTRATIONS BY LEECH, AND A POR-
TRAIT OF SIR THOMAS OVERBURY.
The DECEMBER Number, price Half-a-Crown, of
BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY,
will contain—
CAPTAIN SPIKE ; OR, THE ISLETS OF THE GULF,
By J. FENIMORE COoPER,
Spring-Tide : or, the Angler and his Friends, by Paul Finder. With
an Illustration by Leech.
Ling Jim ; or the Tipperary Process-server, by a " Cove" of Cork.
Corpus Poetoe Latini, by Carolus de la Pryme,
Summer Sketches in Switzerland, by Miss Costello.
The Parting of the Earth, by Schiller. Translated by Lord Nugent.
The Cranks of Christmas 'lide, by Mrs. Mathews.
Some Account of Dover, by Henry Curling.
The Reasoning Schoolmaster, by W. Jordan.
Sonnet from Petrarch, by Lady Nugent.
The Gipsy's Baptism, by Miss Ross. With an Illustration by Leech.
The Old Jesters, by J. 0. Bothwell.
Narrative of an Expedition to the End of Birkenhead, by Albert
Smith.
The FlAneur in Paris, by the Author of " Second Love."
Old Christmas, a Song by G. L. Banks.
The Race Course at Doncaster, by the Author of " Gaming and
Gaming-houses."
Owed to my Creditors, by Alfred Crowquill.
Sir Thomas Overbury and l Murderers, with a Portrait, by Dr. W.
C. Taylor.
BRIAN O'LINN ; OR, LUCK IS EVERYTHING.
By W. H. MAXWELL,
With an Illustration by Leech.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

"AFTER THE BATTLE.

" The battle was at an end; the sun had set; the calm
and silvery moon was sailing through the azure sky, as
peaceful as though her pure light shone upon sights of
happiness alone and quiet.
" The army of the Commonwealth had returned to
the camp victorious, but in sadness, not triumph. *
"Meanwhile, the frost wind had arisen, and blew cold,
and cutting over the field of blood. Its chilly freshness,
checking the flow of blood, and fanning the brow of many
a maimed and gory wretch, recalled him to so much at
least of life as to be conscious of his tortures; and loud
groans, and piercing shrieks, and agonising cries for
water, miffit now be heard on all sides, where, before
the wind rose, there had been but feeble wailings and
half unconscious lamentations, . •

crime!
" Yet, at this darkest season of the State, one hope
was left to Rome—one safeguard—the united worth of
Cicero and Cato. The statesmanship, the eloquence, the
splendid and unequalled parts of the former—the stern,
self-denying virtue, the unchanged constancy, the reso-
lute and hard integrity of the latter—these, singular and
severally, might have availed to prop a falling dynasty,
united, to preserve a world!"

" Then came a long wild howl from the mountcia
side—another, and another! aa.d then the snarling
fiendish cry of the fell wolf pack.
"Gods! what a scream of terror, freezing the very
life-blood, burst from each helpless sufferer, unanimous,
as that accursed sound fell on their palsied ears, and tor-
tured them back into life!

" CATMINE.

---,...
" He was a tall and well-framed figure, though so lean
as to seem almost emaciated. His forehead was un-
usually high and narrow, and channelled with deep
horizontal lines of thought and passion, across which
cut at right angles the sharp furrows of a continual
scowl, drawing the corners of his heavy, coal-black eye-
brows into strange contiguity. Beneath these, situated
far back in their cavernous recesses, a pair of keen and
restless eyes glared out with an expression fearful to
behold—a jealous and unquiet ever-wandering glance—
. ,

" But cries were of no avail; nor prayers, nor strug-
gles, nor even the shouts, and trumpet- blasts, and bran-
dished torches, of the legionaries from the camp, who
hoped thus to scare the bloodthirsty savages from their
living prey of friend and foe, real comrade, and false
traitor.

RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.
MESSRS. LAMOND and Co., RAILWAY
SHARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and
to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c.,
take place every TUESDAY and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the
Bali of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
tryouts, containing Instructions (with a reference), are respectfully
*equested to be addressed.

" But it was all in vain; and, ere long, to the shrill-
drawn howls and fierce snarls of the hungry wolves,
battening on their horrid meal, were added the flapping
wings and croaking cries of innumerable night-birds,
flocking to the feast of carcases; and these were blended
still agaia with the sharp outcries and shivering sobs,
that told how keener than the mortal sword were the
beak and talon, the fang and claw, of the wild beast and
the carrion fowl.

ill Scrip and Shah' Certificates' mutt be deposited, the day
previous to their being offered ; and &deices of results will be
forwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds imme-
diately disposed of according to instrtctions.
Offices. Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street. London.

so sinister and ominous, arid, above all, so indicative of

a perturbed and anguished spirit, that it could not be
looked upon without suggesting those wild tales, which
speak of fiends dwelling in the revivified and utitombed
carcases of those who die in unrepented sin. Hi* nose
was keenly Roman; with a deep wrinkle, seared, as it
would seem, into the sallow flesh from either nostril
downward; his mouth, grimly compressed, and his jaws,
for the most part firmly clinched together, spoke
volumes of immutable and iron resolution, while all his
underlip was scarred in many places with the trace of
wounds, inflicted beyond doubt in some dread paroxysm,
by the very teeth it covered. * * * *
His motions were quick, irritable, and incessant; his
pace, as he stalked to and fro in the narrow area of the
archway, was agitated and uneven. Now he would stride
off ten or twelve paces with strange velocity; then pause
and stand quite motionless for peraps a minute's space,
and then again resume his walk with slow and faltering
gestures, to burst forth once again, as at the instigation
of some goading spirit, to the same short-lived energy
and speed.
"Meantime, his colour went and came; he bit his lip
till the blood trickled down his clean shorn chin; he
clinched his hands, and smote them heavily together,
and uttered, in a harsh and hissing whisper, the most
appalling imprecations on his own head—on him who
had deceived hiea—on Rome, and all her myriads of in-
habitants—on earth, and sea, and heaven—on every-
thing divine and human."

THEATRE ROYAL, DRITRY-LANE.
THIS EVENING

Will be performed Lavenu's new Opera, entitled LORETTA ;
A Tale of Seville. Don Carlos, Mr. Harrlson ; Ferdinand, Mr.
King; Philipp°, Mr. Borrani ; Provost Marshal, Mr. Howell ; Don
Juanito, Mr. Weiss ; Loretta, Madame Anna Bishop ; Florinda,
Miss Poole Gaetana, Miss Rebecca Isaacs.
To conclude with DER FREISCHUTZ. Adolph, Mr. D. W.
King ; Caspar, Mr. Stretton ; Zamiel, Mr. W. H. Payne ; Linda,
Miss Rainforth ; Rose, Miss Poole.

" Such, conquerors, such a thing is glory !"

COLBURN'S STANDARD NOVELS.
THE WILD IRISH GIRL. By Sydney Owenson,

Edited by Lady Morgan.
Mr. Colburn has exercised a judicious discretion in
inducing Lady Morgan, by his "liberal offer and en-
couragement" (we quote her own words), to repub-
lish this, her earliest work. It is no longer dangerous
at the present day to stand forward as the friend of
Ireland. It was dangerous, most dangerous to do so,
at the period when the " Wild Irish Girl" was first
published, and by the production of this, her earliest
literary attempt, Lady Morgan fully vindicated her
title to the epithet " fearless," which was afterwards
bestowed on her by Lord Byron. She was then, as
an enthusiastic young girl, unknown, but full of
health and spirits, the true friend of Ireland. Such she
has continued to be during her whole career, and now,
when the better half of that career must have been
passed, now in the full enjoyment of an European
literary reputation—now, when her experience has
tempered her enthusiasm, and physical blindness has
produced (as it invariably does in every poetic tem-
perament by shutting out all external impressions) in-
creased intellectual light, she is as fearlessly as
ever the friend of Ireland still. Let Ireland, there-
fore, ponder over the words of one of the truest, the
oldest, and wisest of her friends. Comparing, in her
prefatory observations to the present edition, the state
of Ireland at the time this novel was written with
its present state, Lady Morgan says :
" But the agrarian discontents were then, ' Though
deep not loud,' and though occasionally breaking forth
into the wild justice of self-redress, or rudely associated
in banded violence, they were not yet systematized into
secret tribunals of vengeance, nor armed for the daring
crime of open assassination. The relative condition of
landlord and tenant, false and bad as it was in Ireland,
was then still relieved by a feeling of clanship, and by
a primitive and social intercourse, between the coun-
try gentlemen and the peasant, unproductive, indeed, of
any substantial or permanent good, but which had stil'
something of the old feudal character of more cordial,
though not more civilised times. The daily relations of
life between the rich and the poor (whom the civil wars
and the troubles' in Ireland, had formerly associate:l
in a common cause, against a common foe), were stilt
almost familiar, though in their forms somewhat abject.
The people had not then been taught to know' that
they were more wretched even than they felt,' by the
vague, but inflammatory promises of interested politi
clans, destitute of all practical results, or probable ac
complishment ; their keen sense of suffering was not
then sharpened by the rhetoric of personal vindictiveness,
nor their strong energies wasted on the pursuit of an
unattainable object, whose possession, to judge by past
experience, might be a doubtful good! Their natural
and national joyousness of spirit, then, still broke forth
in wild impulses of occasional hilarity ; they were sus-
ceptible to the charms of music, tke native passion o'
their artist temperament ; they were alive to the im-
pressions of humour ; misery then found time to laugh ;
labour paused to dance ; Erin had, indeed, the tear, but
she had also the smile in her eye ;" and the brilliant
sallies of the higher orders, and the sly fun of the lower,
then created for, and sustained in Ireland that reputa-
tion for unrivalled wit and colloquial talent, which is now
fading into a tradition. It is, however, to be hoped that
the present state of things, is but a transition state that
the humour and genius of Old Ireland, though latent,
are not extinct, and that the obtrusive advocacy of an
obsolete phrase of society, indulged in by ' young Eng-
land s' cadet brother, young Ireland,'

THEATRE ROYAL. HAYMARKET.
Under the Management of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee.
THIS EVENING
_ _

Will be performed an original Comedy, entitled LOOK BEFORE
YOU LEAP ; or, Wooings and Weddings. Mr. Oddington, Mr. W.
Farren ; Mr. Rashleigh, Mr. Hudson ; Mr. De Vere, Mr. Holl ;
Mr. Brandon, Mr. Howe ; Mr. Hardman, Mr. Rogers; Jack Spriggs,
Mr. Webster; T,in Tilley, Mr. Buckstone ; Miss Brown, Mrs.
Glover ; Claribel Oddington, Miss Fortescue ; Mary Oddington, 31188
P. Horton ; Elinor Mortimer, Mrs. Yarnold ; Fanny Hardman,
Miss Julia Bennett.

After which an original Operatic Drama, called THE YOUNG
PitETENDEg. Captain O'Neal, Mr. Hudson ; Captain Cocker,
Mr. Buckstone ; Chevalier Charles Edward Stuart, Mr. Braid ; Davy,
Mr. Coe ; Mrs. Craggie, Mrs. Clifford ; Mary Armadale, Miss Horton.
During the evening the Band will perform the Overtures, " Pre
aux Clercs," and "Les Travestlssemens ;" " Clementinen" (Ma-
zourka) ; " Camellion" (Galop) ; and the " Esterhazy" (Walzer).
To conclude with a new Farce, called SPRING GARDENS. Lord
Courtington, Mr. Holl ; Sir Arthur Lovel, Mr. Howe ; Scoreup,
Mr. Buckstone ; Lady Clarissa, Mrs. Buckingham ; Mrs. Scoreup,
Miss Julia Bennett.

..... .......
Box-otlice open from Twelve till Four ; under the direction ol
Mr. T. Archer, Box Book-keeper.

" A ROMAN DINNER.

"They reached the triclinium, a beautiful oblong
apartment, gorgeously painted with arabesques of goad
and scarlet upon a deep azure groundwork. A circular
table, covered with a white cloth, bordered with a deep
edge of purple and deeper fringe of gold, stood in the
centre, and around it, three couches, nearly of the same
height with the board, each the segment of a circle, the
three forming a horse-shoe.
"The couches were of the finest wood, inlaid with
tortoiseshell, and ivory, and brass, strewed with the
richest tapestries, and piled with cushions glowing with
splendid needlework; and, over all, upheld by richly
moulded shafts of Corinthian bronze, was a canopy of
Tyrian purple, tasselled and fringed with gold.
" The method of reclining at the table was, that the
guests should place themselves on the left side, propped
partly by the left elbow, and partly by a pile of
cushions; each couch being made to contain in general
three persons, the head of the second coming imme-
diately below the right arm of the first, and the third
in like manner; the body of each being placed trans-
versely, so as to allow space for the limbs of the next
below in front of him.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE.
THIS EVENING _ _ .

-----
Will be performed a grand Fairy Spectacle, founded on the Ballet
of LA GISELLE, entitled THE PHANTOM DANCERS; or, th•
Wills Bride. Principal characters by Mr. Wright, Mr. P. Bedford.
Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. Cullenford•, Madame Celeste, Miss Marian Taylor,
Miss Emma Harding, Miss Ellen Chaplin, and Mrs. Laws.
Atter which the original Domestic Drama, called THE WRECK
ASHORE ; or, The Bridegroom of the Sea. Marmaduke Magog,
Mr. Wright ; Alice, Mrs. Yates. ' "
To conclude with a Bozzian Sketch, in one act, called MRS.
GA3fI"S TEA AND TURN-OUT. Principal characters by Messrs.
Cullentord, Worrell, Ryan, Wright, Munyard ; Miss M. Taylor,
and Miss Ellen Chaplin.

PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
J. M. Maddox, sole Lessee and Manager.
TII IS EVENING
Will be performed an original romantic Opera, in three parts,
entitled THE NIGHT .DANCERS ; founded on the Story of
" Giselle." The principal characters personified by Miss eteorgiana
Smithson, Madame Albertazzi, Miss Flower, Miss Somers, Misses
Marshall ; Messrs. Leffler, Allen, Bodda, -Walton, I'. Hill, Honner,
Peren, &c.
After which an entirely new Comic Drama, entitled TIIE TWO
RAINBOWS.
To conclude with the Musical Entertainment of THE QUAKER.
En which Messrs. Barker, Leffler, Homier, Compton, Miss Grant,
Mrs. Fosbroke, &c. will•perform.

" The middle place on each couch was esteemed the
most honourable; and the middle couch of the three was
that assigned to guests of the highest rank; the master
of the feast, for the most part, occupying the central
position on the third or left hand sofa. The slaves stood
round the outer circuit of the whole, with the cup-
bearers; but the carver and steward, if he might so be
termed, occupied the side of the table which was left open
to their attendance. * * * * *

FRENCH PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
Lessee Mr. John Mitchell.
On MONDAY EVENING, Nov. 30,
Will be performed L'OBSTACLE IMPREVU. Lisimon, M. Dor-
gebret ; Vetere, M. Felix; Luandre, •M. David; Pasquin, M.. ar-
tigny ; Crispin, M. Lucien ; Angelique, :Mlle. Vallee ; Nerine,
Mdlle. Brohan.
Alter which, LE COMEDIES D'ETA 11 FES. Dorival, M. Perlet
(who will sustain four different characters) ; Madeleine,
Amelie Rhin.
To conclude with L'AMBASSADEUR. Characters by MM.
Perlet, Laugeval, Berou ; Mdlle. Celine Fouquet and Md 11,.. Brohan.
Boxes, 65.; Pit, 3s. Gd. ; Stalls, 3e.; Gallery, 2s. Doors opened at
half-past Seven, and the performances commence at Eight.

" And now the feast commenced in earnest; as the
first course, consisting of fresh eggs boiled hard, with
lettuce, radishes, endive and rockets, olives of Vena-
frutn, anchovies and sardines, and, the choicest luxury
of the day, hot sausages, served upon gridirons of
silver, with the rich gravy dripping through the bars
upon a sauce of Syrian prunes and pomegranate-berries,
was placed upon the board. * * * * *
" Now to the melody of Lydian lutes, two slaves
introduced a huge silver dish, loaded by the vast brawn
of the Umbrian boar, garnished with leaves of chervil,
and floating in a rick sauce of anchovies, the dregs of
Coan wine, white pepper, vinegar, and olives. The
carver brandished his knife, in graceful and fantastic
gestures, proud of his honourable task; and, as he
plunged into the savoury meat, and the delicious odour
reeked up to his nostrils, he laid down the blade, spread
out his hands in an ecstasy, and cried aloud, 'Ye Gods!
how glorious l' * ' * * • * * *
" All dainties that were known in those days minis-
tered to this feast: oysters from Baiae; pheasants, a
rarity but lately introduced since Pompey's conquest in
the East, had been brought all the way from Phasis, on
the southern shores of the Black St a; and woodcock,
from the valleys of lonia, and the watery plains of
Troas, to load the tables of the luxurious masters of the
world; livers of geese, forced to an unnatural size by
cramming the unhappy bird with figs; and turbot
fricasseed in cream; and peacocks stuffed with truffles,
were on the board of Catiline that day, as on the
boards of many another noble Roman; and the wines by
which these rare dainties were diluted differed but little,
as wisest critics say, from the Madeiras and the sherries
of the nineteenth century; for, so true is it, that under
the sun there is nothing new, that in the fides gras of
Strasburg, in the turbot a la crime, and in the dindons
aux truffles, of the French metropolis, the gastronomes
of modern days have only reproduced the disheb whereon
Lucullus and llortensius feasted before the Christian
sera."

OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Mr. George Bolton, sole Lessee and Manager.
THIS EVENING

Will be produced an entirely New and Original Comedy, in five
acts, entitled LIFE. Mr. Orstan, Mr. Archer; Frank Orstan, Mr.
Leigh Murray; Sir Thomas Menton, 3lr. Walter Lacy ; Sir Jacob
Smailwit, Mr. George Bolton; Sir Robert Folair, Mr. J. Cowell
Cancara, Mr. Wilkinson ; Lady Bait, Mrs. C. Jones ; Fanny Archer
Mrs. Walter Lacy ; Emily Orstan, Mrs. Gordon.
After which, ShaksPere's History of JACK CADE.
Mr. Maynard.
10 conclude with a new grand nALLET DIVERTISSEMENT.
Boxes, 2s. 6d.; Pit, Is. ; Gallery, 6d

Jack Cade,

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
',twee, Mrs. Frances Davidge.
Tills EVENING
Will be performed a new Melo-dramatic Tale of Enchantment,
called
r.
Mr. Webb; Caspar, Herr Deulin; Giselle,
Mrs.
Bertha, :Mrs. Daly ; Myrtha, Miss Terrey.
VIRGINIAN HARMONISTS will sing' their po-
pular Negro Melodies,
After
:sr Gall
niEe
which,; ; L
, theeEt Dame ;
r e or, .
The
m
Mr. e Phantom Night Dancers. Maximilian,
and perform their celebrated Railway Overture.
To be ibilowed by the Ballet of VOL AU VENT. In which the
Deulin Family will appear.
To conclude with the Nautical Drama of THE PILOT. Messrs.
Heslop, Webb, Johnson, Lewis, Phelps, Pelham, Neville, Saville ;
31Ibs Terrey, Mrs. Daly, &c., will support the principal characters.

The merrier fool of the two, bat quite as mad,'

will yield conviction to the fact, that en avant,' (or in
its own Celtic mother tongue, Fauyh na ballah,') is the
true epigraph of the age, as it was the cry that led to
victory the bravest of Irish captains, at the head of the
bravest of Irish troops. Henceforth ceasing to
Boast, their ancestors were fools so long,'
may the youth of Ireland bear in mind, that the oppres-
sors of their country, have never prospered but by the
disunion of her sons, and give the full aid of their talents,
and honest (though with due submission) not always
wise patriotism, to the aid of Ireland's long-tried frends,
now for the first time, led on by Irishmen, who may well
expect to be received in their onset with the dear old
Irish, and cordial all hail,' of ' Cead mille faltha.'
" Such a state of things is the true Repeal of the
Union.' It is the fusion, long wanted to the pacification
of Ireland, and the general happiness of the greatest
empire of the earth—only the greatest, because the
freest. It will be the first alliance between the sober
experience of the past, and the practical philosophy of
modern times, applied to the remedy of the greatest of
Irish evils—the poverty of the people ; the true source of
their crimes ! It will be the manly prose of reason,
blending with the brilliant poetry of patriotism, like—

ASTLEY'A ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
Pa•ronised by her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Prince
Albert, and Royal FamilY. Immense attraction and double spec-
tacle. " The Demon Horse" and " Waterloo." First Week of
performed a grand new Magical Equestrian Romance, en-
titled appearance of Mr. Gomerral as " Napoleon Buonaparte."
The Twelve Wishes and the
THIS EVENING
hlchiiN°viilltSbEe; in°trr'oduced the Syrian Camels and
Will be
Entire change in the Scenes of the CIRCLE. In which will ap-
pear Kerr Amidio Nuperte, the great Dutch Bottle Equilibrist.
To conclude with the grand Military Spectacle of THE BATTLE
Ctt rihtelinrmde deTeliClrt, DEMONanlndwth e Wild
OF WATERLOO. Napoleon, Mr. Gomersal.
Box-ortice open nom eleven till five o'clock.—Doors open at six
an I c,mmence at half-Past six o'clock.—Stage Manager, Mr. W.
Broadfoot.

" A ROMAN BOUDOIR.
" The Eery atmosphere of the apartment was redolent
of the richest perfumes, which streamed from four
censers of chased gold placed on tall candelabra of
wrought bronze in the corners of the room. A bowl of
stained glass on the table was filled with musk roses,
the latest of the year ; and several hyacinths in full
bloom added their almost overpowering scent to the aro-
matic odours of the burning incense.
" Armed chairs, with downy pillars, covered with
choice embroidered cloths of Calabria, soft ottomans
and easy couches, tables loaded with implements of
female luxury, musical instruments, drawings and splen-
didly illuminated rolls of the amatory bards and
poetesses of the EgPan islands, completed the picture of
the boudoir of the Roman beauty.
" And OH a couch piled with the Tyrian cushions,
which yielded to the soft impress of her lovely form,
well worthy of the splendid luxury with which she was
surrounded, lay the unrivalled Fulvia."

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.
mmense success of the alteration of the prices of admission to one
general level, so that all parts of the house shall bear a just and
liberal proportion—viz., Boxes, Is. ; Half-price, 6d. ; Pit, Gd.;
Gallery, 3d.—and first week of " The Black Doctor," with great
scenic effect.

' The rainbow that hangs in •ur skies i'

cheering the present, and brightening the future ; under
such blessed auspices, confidence will arise in all,—the
rich and the poor ! the bright fires of Irish wit will
again rekindle, and the Irish harp (to use a phrase of
the old bard, Carolan, in the halls of the O'Conor Don,)
will 'once more have the old sound in it.'

" Coercion (the favourite policy of the legislators of
Ejection) will then have become an obsolete word, no
longer admissible into the humane and legal language of
political justice ; and one of the many impediments to
' the Settlement of Ireland,' out of her long list, (the Irish
Church,) will alone remain, not, however, be it hoped,
like the Irish Round Towers, 'to puzzle posterity,' nor
yet to be dealt with in abstractions, or paltered with by
antecedents, (the bequests of darker times,) but to be
considered through its living realities, in its true and
graphic images of religious disparity, and fearful social
inequality ; and finally to be dealt with according to the
Divine ordinances of immutable justice and Christian
charity, the church of Him who admitted of no ine-
qualities."

"JULIUS CASA&

" He was not much, if at all, above the middle size,
but admirably proportioned, whether for feats of agility
and strength, or for the lighter graces of society. But it
was his face more especially, and the magnificent expres-
sion of his features, that first struck the beholder—the
broad, imaginative brow, the keen, large, lustrous eye,
pervading, clear, undazzled as the eagle's, the bold
Roman nose, the resolute curve of the clean-cut mouth,
full of indl. mitable pride and matchless energy—all
these bespoke at once the versatile and various genius
of the great statesman, orator, and captain who was to
be thereafter.
Arr
adts this
middle time, however, although he was advancing
s
dl s which
casta gaer, aluunnxddu hrhiaios young
dua
ol
vicerue nagd already
puissant
shaken
intellect,off
heedless s om
extra-
vagance
hoe
had achieved nothing either of fame or power. He had,
it is true, given signs of rare intellect, bur, as yet they
were signs only ; though his friends looked forward con-
fidently to the time when they should see him the first
citizen of the republic : and it is more than possible
that, in his own heart, he contemplated even now the
attainment of a more glorious, if more perilous, elevation.
" The locks of this noble-looking personage, though
not arranged in that effeminate fashion which has been
mentioned as characteristic of Cethegus and some others,
were closely curled about his brow; for he, as yet, exhibited
no tendency to that baldness, for which in after years be
was remarkable—and reeked with the choicest perfumes.
He wore the crimsoned-bordered toga of his senatorial
rank ; but, under it, as it waved loosely too and fro,
might be observed the gaudy hues of a violet-coloured
banqueting dress, sprinkled with flowers of gold, as if
he had been disturbed from some festive board by the
summons to council.

COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT.
(PROW OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
THE GOVERNMENT AND THE KESTREL.
An examination of this fast-sailing yacht took place
on Monday and Tuesday last, when she underwent the
ordeal of a strict examination by Mr. Fincham, of her
Majesty's dockyard at Portsmouth, and his assistants.
She proved to be quite sound, her scantling of the proper
dimensions, and altogether a faithfully built vessel.
This splendid yacht was built by Mr. Joseph White, of
Waterwitch celebrity, for the late Noble Commodore,
and was launched as a cutter ; she was subsequently
lengthened by him in midships, and converted into a
yawl, and latterly rigged into a brigantine, which is
her present rig. From time to time great sums of money
have been expended upon her, and she has always been
kept in the must perfect order. There is no doubt she
will be destined to grace the royal navy—a compliment
as much due to her builder as to the memory of the
deceased Earl. Her superior sailing qualities will
render her eligible for the suppression of the slave trade.
In short, vessels of such class and capabilities are the
only ones adapted to cope with slavers, and, should she
be destined for that service, we have no hesitation in
saying she will prove herself a second Waterwitch, and
there will be no difficulty in getting her manned. It is
a curious coincidence, that the Government of the day
should have selected to purchase both the Commodore
and Vice-Commodore's yachts into the navy, and is no
small compliment to the Royal Yacht Society and the
merchant builders.
Her Majesty is expected to leave Osborne for Arundel
on Monday or Tuesday next, on her promised visit. It
is generally believed the royal visit to the ishind will be
prolonged till near Christmas. . ,

" As he passed through the crowd, from which loud
rose the shout, following him as he moved along—
' Hail, Caius Caesar ! long live the noble Ccesar r—his
slaves scattered gad profusely among the multitude,
who fought and scrambled for the glittering coin, still
keeping up their clamorous greeting ; while the dis-
penser of the wasteful largesse, appearing to know
every one, and to forget no face or name, even of the
humblest, had a familiar smile, and a cheery word for
each citizen."

WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET, FaIDAT.--The supply
of Wheat this week is only moderate, the demand is
tolerably good, and last week's rates are realised. Barley
is in fair request, and for the finest samples late prices
are rather exceeded ; in the general runs there is no
alteration. Oats come very sparingly to hand, and make
full prices. Beans are sold on rather easier terms.

" RELIGION OF THE ROMANS.
" There was nothing humble, nothing soft, in their
gem and proud submission to the inevitable necessity ;
nothing of love towards the hand which dealt the blow—
nothing of confidence in supernal justice, much less in

TILE SUN, L04"13014, SA.' URDAY

apprehension lest that master, less prescient of the
danger, invo!ve them both in certain ruin, so
did the obedient multitude, fully alive to the exigency
of the moment, watch in eager and anxious antici-
pation, lest their rulers should be unable or unwilling
to avoid the danger that menaced them. The con-
tinual Cabinet Councils inspired but little confidence ;
they only showed that, if something were con-
templated, nothing was resolved. It was at this
propitious moment that Lord JOHN Ittrssum's letter,
proclaiming his adhesion to the doctrines of
free trade, excited universal attention and almost
universal sympathy. It was at once recognised, not
as an explanatory address from a Member of Parlia-
ment to his constituents, but as the manifesto of a
great political leader ready to become the exponent
of the popular will. As such it was received with
general satisfaction. The great question wag decided.
If the Government were backward in the per-
formance of their duty, others were ready to
fill their place. The leader of the Opposition,
giving voice to the sentiments of the people, an-
nounced to the Minister what line of conduct the

country expected him to pursue—a line of conduct
which that Minister had himself already decided on
adopting! A year has elapsed since these events
transpired, yet few can have forgotten them and the
earnest interest they excited; they are written
in our memories in lines not easily effaced. A
year has elapsed—a year, perhaps, unparalleled
in the annals of statesmanship. The chief of the
Opposition, then writing as a simple Member of Par-
liament to his constituents, has been since called upon
to legislate as a Minister, and achieve the glory of
contributing to the welfare of the people, but not
until he had achieved the yet greater glory of as-
sisting a rival in so doing—not until (to use his own
words) he had " had the satisfaction of feeling that,
although out of office, he had mainly assisted in pro-
ducing the triumph of the Minister of the Crown." The
Minister, whose intentions were last year a problem
which all were desirous of solving, whose political
sagacity was about to be tested, and whose patriotism,
severely tried, has since then ken proved. and
found not wanting, regardless of personal sacrifice,
he has consummated the great measures which the
welfare of the country rendered exigent. He
has retired from office followed by the bless-
ings of his countrymen, leaving, as he him-
self prophesied, a name "execrated by every
monopolist, but a name remembered with ex-
pressions of good-will in the abodes of men whose
lot it is to labour." Such are the changes one short
year has brought about in the once rival leaders of
the once great factions. And other and not less im-
port ant alterations have been effected. Monopoly is no
more—the corn-laws were ! Such facts require no
comment—there is a satisfaction in their simple
enumeration. The League, crowned with victory has
(as Mr. COBDEN happily phrased it) " subsided into
its primitive elements on the triumph of its prin-
ciples, while its spirit has been diffused through all
the nations of the earth," as is daily manifested by
the reception foreign countries are giving to its
great apostle.

To these extraordinary facts we have again
and again alluded, but we are more pecu-
liarly induced to do so on the present'Toccasion,
because we have now arrived at the anniversary
of that anxious time when they were as yet in
nubibus ; and because, from the realisation of past
hopes, we would deduce bright expectations for the
future.

Another November has arrived ; another year
will shortly have terminated ; in two months the
Parliament will again assemble. It is at such
a time, more especially, that all really
anxious for the general welfare should
look thoughtfully on the past and on the
future. If some of last year's expectations have been
fulfilled, let such triumph only stimulate us to more
exertion. In the great things that have been done
let us recognize the yet greater that remain to do.
Last session the power of the people was peculiarly
manifested ; the battles fought were with their arms,
the triumphs achieved by their champions. It is
now, therefore, that We would have impressed upon
the mind of every individual member of that
great body the consciousness of their extensive
power, and the necessity for vigorously exerting it.
V ictorious in their recent campaign, let them not
abate in energy or exertion. In nothing is the skill
of a great general more conspicuous than in his con-
duct after a victory. If vigorously followed up, one
triumph may lead the way to universal conquest; if

otherwise, the triumph may be worse than a defeat.
These thoughts should now animate the breasts of
Englishmen at the present moment. Their battle of
Cannz has been won ; let them on to Rome ; let no
Capua delay them, no false security delude them.
Perhaps in very distant times, when the future phi-
losopher shall look back on the annals of this country,
at no period of her whole history will England
appear more interesting than at the present. Now,
when her conquests and her commerce have rendered
her prosperous at home and powerful abroad,
not dazzled or deluded by such triumphs and
such prosperity, she is turning all her
thoughts and energies to her social regeneration. The
power of her kings and her captains has given way
to the more peaceful, but all potent, authority of her
people. That authority has already been exercised,
and not in vain. Last November, Lord JOHN Rus-
SELL, after enumerating the evils of protection, and
pointing out the remedy, observed, in conclusion,
"but, if this end is to be achieved, it must be
gained by the unequivocal expression of the public
voice." That voice was expressed, and the end is
gained. And so say we now, in the words of the
Prime Minister, when we look upon the many evils
yet existing—upon the many great reforms yet ne-
cessary—so say we now—" if these great things are
to be achieved—if the triumphs of last session are to
be followed up—if the real blessings of good go-
vernment are to be diffused throughout the land—

such a glorious and can only be achieved by the un
equivocal expression of the public voice !"

The recent catastrophes which have almost simul-
taneously occurred in the coal-mines at Oldbury and
Coppall, have demonstrated with a dismal emphasis
the necessity for some legislative interference fur the
better protection of the lives of our subterranean
labourers. In other circumstances the destruction
of human creatures may be purely accidentally, if
not absolutely unavoidable; in the colliery explosions
blame is invariably attributable to some individual or
individuals. With all the appliances of mechanical

ingenuity, with all the advantages of chemical in-
vestigation, with all the aids of science, and
all the warnings of experience, it is mon-
strous to suppose that the wretched colliers are
constantly to be dependent upon casualties for the
preservation of their existence. No arguments, how-
ever specious, no subterfuges, however plausible, can
shield those who have the management of mines from
the reprehension which is excited by such terrible
calamities as those which have lately occurred in
Staffordshire and Lancashire. We have already com-
mented upon the shameful negligence which had
clearly produced the Oldbury explosion, an explosion
which destroyed nineteen men, fourteen of whom left
wives andi
nfamiliests
m u must
in
hurries
a
h eight
unfortunate
er deplorable
and
creatures
s destitu-
tion. Scarcely have our remarks appeared when a
similar
out of thiendwoofrldtheatC o p
necessityp al 1 , t
hneeraer
sC hfoorr 1
someey.
deci-
sive
ffataliliinagarcrned catastropheeinvestigation into their origin, for the purpose of
enabling us to devise the most ready and effectual
means of preventing their recurrence.

In misfortunes like these we are always particu-
larly desirous of divesting our observations of any.
thing which might be construed into personal invec-
tive or malapert vituperation. IVhenever we are
inveighing upon any egregious exhibitions of
carelessness, or any shameless neglect of precaution
we would be understood to inveigh more against the
system than against the individual. With this pre-
mise, therefore, we shall freely express our indigna-
tion at the peculiar and grievous circumstances con-
nected with the fire-damp explosion near Chorley.
By the inquest held upon the eight victims, two dis-
closures were elicited which loudly cry for
the immediate and vigorous interference of
the Legislature. Those two disclosures are :
first, that great doubts were expressed
as to whether the persons charged with the ventilation of
the mine were competent for that responsible office ;
and, secondly, that females are employed at the

Coppall colliery. It is impossible to consider these
two imputations without expressing a vehement ab-
horrence of men who would thus voluntarily en-
danger the lives of their industrious dependents, and
reduce women, however lowly their origin, to
the condition of the brute creation. Ilow-
ever fitting the opportunity, we are not
disposed to excite a spurious sympathy in
behalf of females brought to this state of degrada-
tion. We might apply more particularly to them
that passionate ejaculation which a modern poet has
placed in the lips of the sempstress

" 0, but to breathe the breath
Of the cowslip and primrose sweet,l
With the sky above my head,
And the grass beneath my feet."
We might enlarge, and with deplorable justice,
upon the brutality of harnessing women like cattle,
to drag heaps of coal up steep acclivities to the
mouth of the excavation. We might dilate upon the
distortion of limb, the debasement of mind, the de-
struction of morality consequent upon these cruel
and indecent proceedings. We might do all this
and more, and be justified in so doing, but, under the
circumstances, we shall content ourselves with a
naked statement of facts.

Three females were destroyed in the Coppall ex-
plosion : JANE MOSS, aged 21 ; JANE HALLIWELL,
aged 13; and MARY BOOTH, aged 11 ; and they were
all what is technically called "drawers," they were
all toiling in the ropes and leathern bands attached
to the ccal-carts, they were all debarred from
the decencies and amenities of domestic life. Mary
1300TH, aged eleven years! We can understand how
CHARLES LAMB came to say that the children of the
very poor " never prattle," that they are " not
brought up, but drugged up !" What is the extenu-
ation attempted by the parties who were na-
turally looked to as responsible for this inhumanity?
Why, it was insisted that the owner of the coal-
mine was ignorant that there were females among
his labourers. From all the facts which were eli-
cited on this remarkable inquest, we believe that Mr.
HARGREAYES was unaware of this execrable cruelty.
We acquit him of all knowledge of the actual cir-
cumstances in this particular. Nevertheless, we
cannot, and we do not acquit Mr. HARGREAVES of all
blame in the matter. He should have regarded as one
of the necessary duties entailed: upon him by the pos-
session of a colliery the preservation of decency and
propriety upon his works ; he should have been most
scrupulous as to the sex of those engaged on his
establishment ; he should have compelled his la-
bourers to have appeared periodically before an espe-
cial inspector. Instead of doing this, and although
he acknowledges that the ordinary inspector assured
him that he entertained suspicions " from the voices
of the drawers" that there were girls in his em-
ployment, he allowed matters to jog on uninterrupted
on the idle assertion of a subordinate that his sus-
picions were erroneous. There is something surely
very culpable in all this, and its culpability has been
• fearfully signalised by the violent death of a woman
and two little children. What ! after suspecting that
girls were toiling in his pit as " drawers," after ac-
tually going down to the Coppall coal-mine for the
express purpose of bringing the question to a settle-
ment, he is satisfied with the bare denial of a man
who would have been regarded as blameable had the
proprietor's suspicions been verified on investigation,
and who was consequently little solicitous for the
prosecution of such inquiries. If Mr. HARGREAvEs,
however, was only partially to blame, the conduct of
his manager, JOSEPH Ennis, merits our unmitigated
reprehension. The manager, according to his own
acknowledgment, was aware, notwithstanding the
general disguise of male attire worn by the deceased
females, that JANE HALLIWELL was the daughter of
one of the colliers ; he was satisfied that she was in-
capacitated from employment by her sex; he even
remonstrated with the father, and threatened either
to prevent the child's further service, or have her
examined. Notwithstanding all this, and in spite of
the suspicious retort of IlamawELL, that he would
" stick his pick into any one who would attempt to
examine his drawer," JOSEPH Ennis allowed the
matter to continue without investigation. For this dis-
creditable tardiness (to give it the mildest expression)
the manager has shown himself essentially culpable
and the consequence has been the destruction of the
woman and the children, and the exposure of his own
negligence.

Again, considerable discredit is thrown upon the
ability of the fireman to discharge his duties properly.
Still, despite the fact of his having been engaged
until recently as a weaver, and hence
being totally untutored as the fireman of
a coal mine, we cannot regard this im-
putation as sufficiently substantiated. The cir-
cumstance which actually led to the explosion, how-
ever, evinces a most grievous negligence on the part
of those entrusted with the supervision of the pit.
According to the established custom, the fireman has
to enter the mine first every morning, carrying a
Davy lamp ; he has to discover that the ventilation
is everywhere correct, and on finding a perfect
freedom from sulphur in the atmosphere, lights a
caendle in each " steight," as a signal to the workmen
that they can enter and commence their operations.
On the morning of the explosion the deceased THOMAS
HALLIWELL had entered his "steight" before the fire-
man had examined the state of its atmosphere, and hence,
either by removing his clothes, or on igniting his candle,
caused the explosion by which himself and seven
others perished. It is manifest that every precaution
should be taken to prevent the colliers from entering
the excavations until after the atmosphere has been
duly tested by the flame of the Davy lamp. Unless
some stringent precautions of this nature are ren-
dered obligatory in the collieries these dis-
astrous accidents will be of continual re-
currence. It is frivolous to insist upon the pay-
ment of heavy deodands to the relatives of the suf-
ferers ; that would ,be beginning at the wrong end
with a vengeance. No ; all possibility of such ex-
plosions may be prevented by proper arrangements.
Let these arrangements be enforced upon the owners
of coal-pits, and let the employment of women and
and girls as ‘" drawers" be rendered a severely
punishable offence.

Madrid papers of the 20th have arrived. They
contain no news. The Heraldo, however,
and the other organs of the Government, promise
great measures of commercial reform. These pro-
mises are considered to be put forward merely for
the purpose of influencing the elections. It may be
that such is the case, but whether it be so or not we
rejoice to find such promises made by the Spanish
Government. If the Spanish Ministers are sincere in
their promises, we shall ere long have Spain adopting
the principles of free trade; if they are insincere, it is
a proof that the doctrines of free trade must be popu-
lar in Spain, or these promises could not be supposed
to produce any influence on the approaching elections.
It is certain, therefore, that the seed sown by RICHARD
COBDEN at Madrid, at Seville, and at Cadiz, is al-
ready producing its fruit, and the apostle of free
trade will, ere long, have the satisfaction of number-
ing the great bulk of the Spanish nation among his
disciples.
MADRID BOLSA, Nov. 20.—The Three per Cents
were done at 34i for cash ; the Four per Cents., at
20i ; the Five per Cents., at 211 ; the Coupons, at 19} ;
and the Debt without Interest, at 6.i.

We have received the French papers of Thursday.
The Journal des Debats, while contending that
here is not the slightest resemblance between what
t chooses to call " the pretended violation of the
reaty of Utrecht" by France and Spain, in the affair
of the Montpensier marriage, and " the palpably
flagrant violation of the treaties of Vienna" by the
extinction of the liberties of Cracow, is reluctantly
compelled to admit that England has refused to join
France in a joint protest against the usurpation of
the Northern Powers. Speaking of this refusal, the
Debals says—
"As to the refusal of the British Cabinet, we shall
not either complain or be annoyed at it. Supposing it
to be real, it will not change our sentiments ; it will not
make us suppose that the Britit.h Cabinet, in its resent-
ment for the check which it fancies it has experienced
in the Spanish marriages, sees with a less dissatisfied
eye than we do the trouble caused in Europe by the act
of violence of the three Northern Powers. England was
free to refuse our assistance ; she will protest on her
side, and we on ours."

England has already protested singly, and it is to
be hoped that France will lose no time in protesting
singly also. Even had there been no interruption of the
entente cordiale, no violation on the part of France of
the provisions of the treaty of Utrecht, we think that
the single protest of each nation, independently for