The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-21 00:00:00

NEW ZE..-I,LAND.

•
NV AR IN AFRICA.
The periodical intimations which the French receive
of the incompleteness of their Algeriaa conquest appear
likely to be givee this autumn in a more forcible tone
than usual. At this season of the year Abd-el.Keder
:ordinarily contrives to convince the world that be is nei-
ther dead nor disabled, and he now seems willing to
show that his recent retirement from the scene which
supplied the French with suck materials for gratula-
tion has been turned to as good purpose as if he bad
been sweeping the plains of Algiers at the head of a
hundred squadrons. From the inforMation which we
have published during the last few days, it may be col-
lected that the Emperor of Morocco, so far from being in
a position to assist his French allies in securing or sub-
jugating their slippery foe, is actually in danger of being
supplanted in his authority by this indomitable chief ;
and that there is a probability that the resources of the
Moorish empire will be brought up in support of a ge-
neral rising throughout the very provinces which the
last French returns reported as either desolate or paci-
fied. Abd-el•Kader has two mighty engines at his
command by which he can raise the population of
the country. The French are obnoxious as invaders
and as infidels. They :are considered as much in-
vaders at this moment as they were on their first
landing. Whatever fifteen years service may have
done in forming a formidable army, or in gaining glory
for the African Chasseurs, it has done nothing whatever
towards reconciling the Arab race to the contact of the
French. Nor is this in any degree surprising. It
would be difficult to point out any moral or social
benefit which the natives have derived from
the strangers. We do not mean to assert, that in
this particular they ever enjoyed such ample oppor-
tunities of doing good as were found and embraced by
the Company's servants in Hindostan. The equitable
and patriarchal rule which has been discovered to exist
in full vigour throughout the Sahara, and up to the far-
thest known limits of the real Desert, honourably admi-
nistered as it appears to be, commended by its antiquity.
and admirably calculated for the habits and manners of
the people, is not likely to be easily superseded by the
Code Napoleon. The Arabs are not plundered by
their chiefs or impaled by their governors. Their
extortions Seem confined to strangers and trespas-
sers, with some occasional practice against a weaker
neighbour. It is very questionable whether much
of the civil polity of the French, either in form or
spirit, could be advantageously introduced amcngst
the itinerant herdsmen of the Sahara, or the more
settled population of the Tell. But if the French
had not this opportunity of exhibiting themselves in the
character of protectors or legislators—if they were not
enabled to rescue the oppressed and helpless from tl:e
rapacity and cruelty of tyrants, and to convey/the ru-
diments of law and justice to a people who had never
experienced the blessings or heard the name of either—
yet they might at least have set un example of supe-
rior civilisation in mitigating the horrors of war, and
in rejecting the savage enormities of retaliation and
revenge which are reckoned among the virtues "of bar-
barism. This they have not done. They have offered
to the natives nothing in the shape of example or in-
struction which might compensate for the hatefulness
of their presence. They will be remembered by nothing
but their razzias. They have spared no efforts, and
stopped at no sacrifices, to establish their supremacy in
the country, but without any ulterior object of humanity
or philanthropy which a native can comprehend. And
therefore, they are but invaders still. The Arabs can
tee nothing but pollution in their presence, or expect
anything but indignity from their sway ; and at the first
call of a native chief they rush as eagerly,to arms
,for
the expulsion of the hated stranger as they did on the
day when the first French legion set foOt on the shores
of Africa. The other element of Abd-el-Kader's power,
as it is perhaps the stronger and more widely operative
of the two, so it is certainly one over which the French
have less control, and for the influence of which they
are less to blame. They cannot be said to have pro-
voked the religious jealousies of the people
by any too didactic exposition of their own
creed. They have not committed the ordinary
mistakes of a too zealous proselytism. Their policy
in this respect bas been a vast deal more like that of
Napoleon in Egypt than that of ourselves in India.
There is no fear of any Vellore in Algeria. If we are
not deceived in our recollections of a statistical paper
concerning the affairs of this Mediterranean province,
issued by authority some time ago, mosques were enu-
merated amongst the public buildings which bad been
raised at the expense of France. But the blaze kindled
by Omar and Amru still burns with a fierceness
over its native and congenial sands which was
seldom 'found amongst the isolated and degene-
rate invaders of Hindostan. Neither Mussulmans
nor Brahmins on the banks of the Ganges ever
gave us so much trouble as the-sincere fanaticism
of Morocco and Algiers is apparently preparing for the
French. etbd-el-Kader has but to point to the infidels,
and the holy war is raised in a moment from Tangier to
Rosa, and his exasperated squadrons rush upon the
Christains with as much zest and zeal as ever Mahomet
commanded or Kaled taught. So powerful is this feeling
in the breasts of the Arebs and Moors that it appears
not unlikely to overwhelm the sentiments of loyalty
which attach the latter people to their Sovereign. A
Mussniman and a warrior who promises to lead them
against aie infidel and a toe obtains in their eyes re popu-
lar legitimacy, 4.64 a practical claim to homage, superior
to that due to a. vaeilating or inactive Emperor. They
would rather be Abd-el-Ketier'e soldiers than the Ern- '
peror's objects ; and at this moment a powerful French
division is concentrated on the borders of Morocco in
the expectation that to their tasks will be added thet of '
interfering in the affaire of the empire, and combating
the resistance of a population which is passing en masse
to the ranks of their most formidable foe. Such is ap-
parently the programme for the ensuing season, and such
the price winch France is paying for those advantages
and prospects of her Mediterranean settlement which
sic explained a week pago.—Times.

BRITISH LAWS.

OPENING Or TUE COURT OF COMMON Pj.EAS TO
BARRISTERS.—, Hitherto no counsel had the privilege of
pleading at the bar of the Common Pleas except ser-
geants-at-law ; but an Act passed Net session (9 and 10
Vice, c. 54), abolishes this exclusive privilege, and next
term juniors will have right of "audience." This Apt
is unusually concise. It runs thus :—" Whereas, it
would tend to the more equal distribution and to the
consequent dispatch of business in the superior Courts
of common law at Westminster, and would at the same
time be greatly for the benefit of the public, if the right
of barristers-at-law to practise, plead, and to be heard
extended equally to all the said Courts ; but by reason
of the exclusive privilege of sergeants-at-law to practise,
plead, and have audience in the Court of Common Pleas
at 'Westminster during term time, such object (rennet he
effected without the authority of an Act of Parliament ;
be it therefore enacted, by the Queen's Most Excellent
Majesty, by and with the adviee And consent of the
Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in this pre-
sent Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the
same, that from and after the passing of this Act ail
barristers-at-law, according to their respective rank and
seniority, shall and may share and exercise equal rights
and privileges, of practising, pleading, and audience in
the said Court of Common Pleas at Westminster with
the said sergeants-at-law; and it shall be lawful for the
justices of the said court, or any three of them, of whom
the Lord Chief Justice of' the said Court shall be one, to
make rules and orders, and to do all other things neces-
sary fur giving effect to this enactment."
COMMONS INceosunn.—By the Act of Parliament
which came into force on the 26th ult., " to amend the
Act to facilitate the inclosure and improvement of Com-
mons," power is given to the commissioners to vary or
amend their provisional orders at any time before they
certify in their general annual report that the proposed
inclosure would be expedient to be made.. By the 4th
section it is enacted, with respect to allotments for exer-
cise and recreation, "that where allotments for exercise
and recreation, cr for the labouring poor, or for any
other public purpose, shall have been made the condition
of any provisional, or any supplemental provisional
order, it shall be lawful for the commissioners, on the ap-
plication in writing of the valuer, at any time before
such valuer shall have made his award, under seal, to
allow an equal quantity of the land proposed to be in-
closed to be allotted for either `or both of the purposes
aforesaid, or far any other public purpose in lieu of
that Which may have been directed to have been al-
lotted by the original or any supplemental provisional
order." There are 15 sections in this Act to amend the
Act of last year.
A brutal assault was committed on Tuesday by a
paviour, named Simon, a man remarkable for his mus-
cular strength, on a woman named Brone, of whom he
had become amorous, but who had resisted all his so-
licitations. In the absence of the woman's husband
Simon entered her room, and on her still refasing to
yield to his wishes, gave her a violent kick in the abdo-
men, although in an advanced state of pregnancy. She
fell senseless to the ground, and in the course of the day
gave birth to a dead child. Sonse neighbours rushed in,
and notwithstanding the strength of Simon, succeeded in
overpowering him, and handing him into the custody of
the police. 7The medical men who attended the woman
in her delivery have given their opinion that the child
was killed by the kick given by the ruffianly assailant of
the mother.—Galignani.
COMMITTAL OF A GAME-KEEPER FOR SHOOTING
A YOUNG WOMAN.—William Hay ter, the game-keeper
of the Rev. Walter/Radcliffe, of Warleigh,: Devon, has
been committed for trial at the next Exeter Assizes,
charged with wilfully and maliciously wounding Marina
Racket Hickes, a girl of sixteen years of age, by twice
shooting at her on the 4th of September last. The fol-
lowing,extract from the report of. the examination of
the prisoner, which appears in the Plymouth Journal,
will put the reader in possession of the facts of the
case :—The complainant was the daughter of a person
who rented land of the Rev. Walter Radcliffe, and he
occupies a portion of garden ground which abuts upon
a plantation. It appears that between this piece of
ground, so cultivated, and the plantation, there is no
fence of any description, and on the 4th of Sept. the
complainant thought it no harm to enter the plantation to
gather blackberries. She had ascended some distance
upon the incline, when the defendant made his appear-
ance, and called out to her in language of a very bad
description, and ordered her to start from that place.
The poor girl was somewhat surprised at such a saluta-
tion, and she endeavoured to make the best of her way
off front the place, and in her attempts to get away, the
defendant discharged one of the barrels of the gun at
her, and though fortunately it slid not take effect, he
was not content with that.. His intention was not to
frighten her merely, for when she got further down the
hill, he fired another barrel at her, and the consequence
was that two of the shots entered her person—one
entering her thigh and the other ,one of her fingers.
Fortunately for the defendant, -the principal charge
entered a tree, near where the complainant was standing
at the time, and a very large number of shots were found
' in that tree.
COMMENCEMENT OF THE JEWISH YEAR.—This
day next, the 21$t inst., the year 5607 of the Jewish era
begins.

There has just been issu.ed in a printed form (pursuant
to an order the House of Commons, dated 26th ult.),
a doe ument containing further papers relative to the
affairs of New Zealant!, and which were recently pre-
sented Parliament by command of her Majesty.
The following are extracts therefrom,, presenting the
most inte)-esting and important portions of the cor-
respondence :
PROPOSED CHANGE IN THE CONSTITUTION.
copy 01, A. DISPATCH FAO& LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR
GREY TO LORD STANLEY.

Government House, Auckland, Jan. 27.

My Lord,--There is one subject of much importance
to this colony, to which I am anxious to request your
Lordship's early attention ; this is the difficulty, I forsee
that I shall experience in administering this govern
went in such a manner ns to satisfy her Majesty's
wishes, unless some chance is made in the constitution
of the colony. If, in the present state of New Zealand,
the framing and • enacting of laws was left solely to
the Governor and his Executive Council, it is pos-
sible that the Guvernor, by having a steamer at his
disposal, and frequently meking visits to every portion
of New Zealand, might administer the Governmont in
such a manner as to be sat!sf&ctory to her Majesty and
consonant with the interests of the colony, This, how-
ever, would be a very imperfect arrangement, wholly-
dependent fur success upon the energy and health of the
Governor.-

I am, hoverer; now quite satisfied that I shall find
great difficulty in carrying out the government of the
whole island with my legislative council, constituted as
it is at present.
New Zealand is divided into several settlements, sepa-
rated by long intervals, having, in some respects, interests
totally different from each other, and none of them ex-
ceeding the other so :Title') in w ealth and importance as
to possess preponderating influence and recognised su-
periority.
From the very limited nature of the society in these
small settlemeete, I cannot hope to find in any one of
them gentldmen of such extended information and ac •
quaintance with the whole island, Itnd of such large
views and forgetfulnets of local interests and local
clamours, as to be able in all instances to legislate with
a view to promote the interests of these islands as a
whole, perhaps in some cases even to the apparent ee-
triment of their own peculiar settlement in which all
their tbrtune is embarked. Nor can lat present indulge
any hope of finding gentlemen in sufficiently affluent
circumstances to abandon their hopes for the purpose o;
repairing to another settlemeht to fulfil protracted
duties in the legislative council. Nor can I, referring
to the very imperfect means of communication which at
present exist, ever hope to be able to keep the inhabi-
tants of the distant settlements so sufficiently informed
upon the intended legislative measures of the Govern-
ment as to enable them to acquaint me with their views
and feelings with regard to such measures previously to
their being passed into a law.
I beg further to stare, that I feel doubtful whether the
creation of municipal bodies, with extended powers of
passing bye-laws, Will remove these evils. I fear that
this measure would rather increase them, and that the
municipal bodies, feeling that just grounds of complaint
existed regarding the imperfect mode in which the
legislative body discharged its, duties, would endeavour
to usurp an authority and power which did not belong to
them, and neglecting their own duties, would busy
themselves with those properly belonging to the Legisla-
ture. I also feel satisfied that they would soon contract
large debts, the settlement of which would ultimately
prove very embarrassing to the Government.
Upon the whole, a simple mode o avoiding the diffi-
culties' which exist in this respect, would be to create a
Lieutenant-Governorship in New Zealand.

The Governor- ir.-Chisf and his Council would' then
exercise supreme legislative jurisdiction in one portion
of the island, whilst, in another portion, the Lieutenant-
Governor, previously to assenting to any Bill passed by
his Council, would in the usual manner transmit it to
the Governor-in-Chief, in order that he might decide
whether any amendment should be insisted on, as a
necessary condition on which alone the Lieutenant-
Governor should assent to the Bill. I think it would be
indispensable to the general welfare of the colony, that
uniformity of legislation upon subjects connected with
the aborigines, administration of public lands, and other
matters of general interest to the whole islands, should
be secured by some provision of this nature.
Undoubtedly some increased expenditure would, if this
course were adopted, have to be incurred for the creation
and maintenance of a separate Government establish=
ment, but I think that by judiciously curtailing that now
in existence, no very large additional expenditure would
be necessary. and the executive, as well as the legisla-
tive duties of the Government, would be so much more
efficiently performed, and the development of the re-
sources of the colony would be so much more rapid, that
there is every reason to think that the whole colony
would, under the proposed arrangemt nt, be able to de-
fray the whole of its expenditure at a much earlier
period than it could otherwise do ; so that an ultimate
saving would result to the British Treasury. Indeed I
feel quite satisfied that New Zealand will soon yield a
large revenue.

(Signed) G. GREY.
LETTERS FROM NATIVE CHIEFS ; THEIR DESIRE FOR

Lieutenant-Governor Grey, in a dizpatch to Lord
Stanley, dated Port Nicholson, February 17, 1846, writts
as follows :

I beg to tran,mit for your Lordship's information, the
copy of a very remarkable letter, which has been addressed
to me by fifteen of the most kfluential chiefs in this
part of New2ealand ; indeed every chief of great im-
portance but one has signed it. These, chiefs express,
in the most de liberate ar.d decided manner, their
desire that the laws of the Queen should be firmly and
permanently established among them, in order that they
may be raised to a Inure enlightened state. I have quite
satisfied myself that this letter is entirely their own pro-
duction, and that the idea of addressing it to me origi-
nated with themselves, and that it was written at a dis-
tant native village, where they were not in communica-
tion with Europeans, It, however, accorded so entirely
with my own known and recorded views, that I enter-
tained in the first instance some suspicion that it might
have been an artful piece of flattery, written with some
uherior object. Subsequent events, however, convinced
me that it was written in complete sincerity.
Mr. Kemp did not reach the pah of Taupo until late
on the evening of the 16th, when both my letter and
message were received with a- satisfaction which left
no doubt whatever of the sincerity of the
fifteen chiefs who had written to me, and my letter
was immediately forwarded by a messenger on horse-
back to the chief signing the letter, who lived nearest to.
the pah of Taupo, at which my reply had first been re-
colved;' wh iist r uaha, a chief of great influence, to
whom Mr. Kemp had delivered my letter, started at
once, and travelled all night, in order that he might wait
upon me this morning. It was impossible that any one
ponld have expressed himself with greater propriety than
Puaha did when he saw me, and I have every reason to
believe that he will exert, the whole of his influence to
ipreerve tranquillity and good order in tide port of New
Zealand. I have, &c.
(Signed) G. GREY.

P.S.—ginee writing the above dispatch, I have re-
ceived two letters, copies of which are inclosed, from
Te Rauparaha and three other of the principal chiefs in
this part of New Zealand, from which your Lordship
will see that they participate in the general feeling of
satisfaction et the determinatio❑ of the Government to
require from the natives as well as Europeans obedience
to our laws.

THE GOVERNOR.

(Signed) G. GREY.
(Translation.)
Taupo (Porirua), Jan. 19.
Friend, the Governor—We salute you. We are now
living in considerable uncertainty; we are living in con-
siderable anxiety in reference to your intentions, as to
what they really are ; this was not the case formerly
while our friend and guide Mr. Hadfield was dwelling in
the midst of us ; we used to hear what your (the Go-
vernment's) intentions really were ; then our minds
were free from anxiety, and however frequently it may
have been said to us by white persons, " Your land will
be forced from you, you will be destroyed," or expres-
sions of like character have been used, Mr. Hadfield
used at once to say, " Regard not these expressions,"
whereupon our irritable feelings became calmed. There-
fore, our request to you now is, that you may be pleased
to provide for us some friendly adviser who shal 'be able
to understand both our customs and those of the white
people, that he may constantly explain t:, us the laws of
the Queen ; we are anxious that the laws of the Queen
should be firmly and permanently established among us;
that by that means we may be raised to a more enlight-
ened state, for we have already ministers of God teach-
ing us the laws of God.
We now end this communication, deliberately con-
sidered.
(A true translation.)
(Signed)
H. TACY KEMP,
Protector of Aborigines, South Division.
(Signed)
THE NGATITOA. TRIBE:
TE RAUPARAIIA
TE WATARAUKI NOHORUA.
RAWIRI KINCI PUAHA
HENRY MARTYN TE WIUI
ROBERT HURDNUTU
THOMPSON TE HAUPARAHA
NOBLE TB TAIEPA
PAEA.
THE NCATIAWA:
WILLIAM KING WITI.
WATAI3;wAI 'IIE
I,E lAlEunroublemU
. THE NGATIKAUKAWA:
TE WATANUI
ZACBARIAII TE EEINGA.
SOLOMON TOREMI.
_ Wellington, Feb. 16.
I have received your letter of the' 19th of January lait,
I am much pleased at 'the sentiments which that letter
contains I feel satisfied that those who wrote such a
letter must be men of sufficient intellect to understand
the measures I intend to pursue, and that they will'
readily assist me in conferring benefits upon their coun-
try, anti will be glad that they themselves can take a
share in raising New Zealand to a higher state of civi-
lisation, and in preventing the recurrence of those atro-
cities which formerly so much disgraced these islands.
- As you felt in doubt as to what my intentions were,
you did well to apply to me to remove those doubts ;
always follow the same course, and whenever you are in
doubt, write to myself or Major Richmond.

We will give you an immediate answer ; the Queen
has directed me to do all in my power to insure your
safety and happiness.
Maoris and Europeans shall be equally protected, and
live under equal laws} both of them are alike subjects
of the Queen, and entitled to her favnur and care ; the
Maoris shall be protected in all their properties and pgs.
sessions, and no ono 0411 be allowed to take anything

' away from them orio injure them ; the Europeans shall
be protected in their property and possessions, and no
one shall beiallowed to take anything from them or to
injure them, nor will I allow Mr,oris to injure one an-
other : an end must be put top deeds of violence and
blood. You will always find me ready to aid you as
far as lies in my power ; if, therefore, you are at any
time in doubt. and difficulty, do not hesitate to write to
me ' • you shall receive a kind and friendly answer. I
think that it would be well for you to send some of your
number to Wellington to see me ; I can then say many
things which are too long for a letter, and after having
met one another, we should be more intimately ac-
quainted. (Signed) G. GREY.
aki, Fb. 17.
My dear Friend, the Governor—Sal Ot
utationse to you.
We have received your letter ; we have heard your
words, like the light of day to us ; our hearts are glad
at your words ; friend, now will I hold fast your words
for good, and for living in quiet, both of natives and
Europeans ; but your protecting word has come forth,
for one and for the other ; your kind worth are a light
to us. Now, for the first time, I can say there day-
light to the natives ; and now the errors of this place
will not come forth _through me—l mean the errors of
the natives ;if you cannot come here, Ai you write a
letter to me; that is all. Written by tee,
(Signed) TE RAUPARAIIA.
To the Governor.

(Translation.)
Kaisvarawara, Port Nicholson, Feb, 21.
The Governor,
This is our deliberation. We have decided that the
natives of the faith should hearken ful►y to the laws of
•the Queen, which proceed from your mouth, from the
Governor. Leave us below under the wings of the regu-
lations of the Queen and yourself. Leta good regulation
be commenced, that the faith may grow among us ; that
we may not profess faith in God while we are reverting
to error, because there is no one to use the scourge; that
our race, the native people, may grow; and that we may
forsake our evil customs, great and little quarrels, such
as taking away land, removing land marks, robbery,
murder, and very many other of our customs among
ourselves. Now this is our consideration; it is for your
good customs to beat down our evil customs, with the
help of God, that the work left for us may be the culti-
vation of provisions for the life of the body, and the faith
of Christ for the life of the soul. It is for you and for
the ministers of God to make these evil people grow (in
good), that they may grow; then they will hearken to
the truth, to the Queen, to the governor, and to the
minister.

It is for you to observe these considerations ; it ends
Lcre. From the people of'your tribe, the Ngatiawa.
(Signed) . WILLIAM KING WITI.
LEVI TE .AIIIL
THE TEACHER OF WAIKANAN.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

IMPORTANT MESSAGE OF HIS EXCELLENCY

By the Cleveland, arrived from Port Adelaide, papers
have been received, containing most important news
from that colony. A. claim had been put in on the part
of the Crown, to the right of royalty to the produce of
the mines. This step is exceedingly unpopular in the
colony, and strong remonstrances will be presented to
the home Government against its enforcement. The fol-
lowing is his Excellency's message :
"Government House, Adelaide, South Australia,
" April, 1846.
" One of the first subjects of importance to the future
welfare of this province, to which my attention was
directed, on my assuming the administration of its
Government, was that of seignorage, or royalty, on
metallic minerals discovered on the waste lands of the
Crown.

" The correspondence handed to me by my predeces-
sor in office showed that this source of wealth had at-

tracted the attention 'of capitalists in England to no
inconsiderable extent. A company in London had
proposed to her Majesty's Secretary of State for the
Colonial Department to treat with the Government
for a monopoly of all mines in South Australia
belonging to the Crown upon the basis of a lease, with
rights of mining, upon payment of a seignorage or
royalty, up( n the produce of those mines. This proposal
was rejected by Lord Stanley ; but the question of re-
servation of royalties, with a view to the ulterior benefit
of the colony, was submitted for the consideration of her
Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and Forests, and to
the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners, as
well as to oHe of the first geologists in England, and sub-
sequently to her Majesty's law advisers.
"The result has been to elicit some important infor-
mation as to the system of royalties at present in force
in the United Kingdom, as well as to a joint opinion of
her Majesty's Attorney and Solicitor-General removing
certain doubts suggested to the Colonial Land and Emi-
gration Commissioners, as to the power vested in her
Majesty, under the Act of Parliament now in force for
regulating the sale of Crown lands in the Australian
colonies, to reserve royalties upon minerals upon the
alienation or conveyance of Crown,lands. This opinion
meets also anotl er question which has been mooted in
the colony, upon the pro%isions of the 12th clause of the
Act 5 and 6 Victoria, c. 36, when by it has been con-
tended that it was imperative on the Governor to sell on
demand lands that had been offered for sale at public
auction and not sold.

" I do not anticipate that there will be much difference
of opinion amongst the colonists upon the question of
the expediency of reserving a moderate royalty on me-
tallic minerale, when it is thelared under authority that
the proceeds thereof, after deducting the cost of collec-
tion, will be applied to the same purposes as the gross
prpceeds of the sales of the waste lands of the Crown,
under the Act 5 and 6 Victoria, c. 36.
" Instead of large present receipts, founded, perhaps,
on gambling speculation as -to the chances or probabili-
ties of future r..sults (which receipts will cease as soon
as all the mineral land has been selected) there will be
provided, in aid of a constant stream of emigration from
the United Kingdom, a growing income apportioned to
tho advancing stealth of the colony. Such is the view
taken by the Commissioners and by her Majesty's ad-
visers, and in which I entirely concur. With regard to
the proportion of metals and metallic minerals proper to
be reserved to her AlPjesty, the practice in England
and Ireland is almost too varied to be other than an
approximate guide. In Cornwall the royalties range
from 1- 10 to 1.25 of the produce ; in Devonshire, from
1-8 to 1-18 ; in Cardiganshire, from 1-7 to 1-12 ;
in Derbyshire, from 1-8 to 1-12 ; in Cumberland, from.
1-8 to 1-12 ; in Yorkshire, from 1-6 to 1-12 ; in Ireland,
from 18 to 1-15. A mean proportional between these
various fractions would be about 1.11. Her Majesty's
Government, however, consider that 1-15 would be a
fair proportion to reserve in South Australia, from which
I see no reason to dissent.
" Wherefore, acting with the advice and consent of
the Council of Government, I have framed a few short
rnlea based upon this principle, for the future disposal
by this Government of the waste lands of the Crown in
South Australia.

" FREDERICK R. ROBE,
" Lieutenant-Governor."
" REGULATIONS.
" His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor, by and
with the advice and consent of the Council of Govern-
ment, has been pleased to establish the following as the
regulations under which all Crown lands will be here-
after disposed of by him under the provisions of the re-
cited Act _

" On waste lands of the Crown hereafter to be alien-
ated or conveyed, for any estate or interest, there will be
reserved to her Majesty, her heirs, or successors, one-
fiftt enth of all metals, and ores containing metals lying
upon, in, or under such lands, payable in kind, at the
mouth of the pit, shaft, or quarry from which they may
be raised ; this, together with reserved rights, will be in-
serted in the deeds of grant.

" A right of free access to all mines by duly appointed
servants of the Crown.

" A right to select for free occupancy a portion of
land not exceeding one quarter of an acre, near the
mouth of every pit, shaft, or gallery, or quarry, from
which metallic minerals may be drawn, for a residence
or store for such person or persons as may be appointed
to receive the Queen's dish or dues, but for no other
purpose, with privileges of access, or building thereon,
and of removing outbuildings so erected.
" All questions reprding the commutation or com-
position of royalties will be considered and determined
by the Governor in Executive Council ; and applications
for that purpose must, UK refore, be addressed to his
Excellency the Governor in Executive Council.
"Lands will in general be sold as heretofore, but with
the reservations already stated.
"Lands known to contain metals and metallic ores
may be obtained by lease, with the right of mining, for
periods not exceeding twenty-one years, if so desired by
capitalists.
"On applications for leases of lands with mining
rights being. approved by the Governor in Council, the
leases will be proclaimed for sale at auction, in the same
manner as lands intended for sale in fee simple.
" All leiscsi so to be granted will contain clauses of

forfeiture, and provisions— for re-entry for non-payment
of royalties, or for underletting or assignment of the
whole or any portion of the lands by the lessee, without
license in that behalf first obtained from her Majesty, or
the Governor in Council, acting on that behalf for her
Majesty; also a proviso that it shall not he lawful for her
Majesty, or any person acting on behalf of her Majesty,
to sell the reversionary estate expectant upon the deter-
mination of the lease, without the consent, in writing,
of the lessee, or other party to whom the lease may
belong."

IRISH SUPPLIES.—The importations of Irish-pro-
visions into the port of Liverpool during the week end-
ing the 11th inst., comprised the following list of ar-
ticles :-8,783 firkins, 248 half- firkias, 1,093 casks,
baskets. &c., and 106 boxes of butter ; 109 tons weight,
1,640 bags, and 107 qnarters of wheat ; 1,482 sacks of
flour; 163 quarters, 260 sacks, and 1,290 barrels of oats;
205 bags, and 313 other packages of oatmeal ; 217 bar-
rels
of barley ; 100 sacks of malt ; 24 casks of hams ;
173 packages of bacon; 147 of lard; 61 of whisky; 158
sacks of meal ; 2 tierces of beef ; 119 barrels of pork ;
linens and ;
4
andcl otton; 186 bags of farina
sacks,
39 tierces, and 300
barrels of seed ; with a variety of other articles of lesser
interest and importance. The importations into the port
flour r packages
, 158 sac k o f s
of m
of Bristol in the same period comprised 2.222 packages
of butter ; 614 barrels and 229 sacks of oats ; lB2 pack-
ages of bacon; 71 of lard ; 160 of flour; 41 barrels and
160 sacks of barley; and various other articles. The
arrivals at the port of London during the week ending
the 15th inst., from Ireland, have consisted of the fol-
lowing:-203 packages of porter ; 1,524 packages of
bacon ; 1,602 boxes and baskets of eggs ; 142 casks of
pork; 10,300 firkins and other packages of butter; 2,030
packages of lard; 149 of hams; 38 of Waste; 112 of malt;
376 of salmon; 119 of general provisions; 2 936 barrels,
28 bags, and 5,970 quarters of oats ; 53 lambs, and 117
'other
pigs ; with a variety of productions, both of food
gpngr4l merchandise) too -414wrops to be ftuther
particuluiscd,

MORNING, SEPTEMBER 21, 1846.

IRELAND.
EMPLOYMENT OF THE PEOPLE—COMMENCE-
MENT OF THE MEETINGS CONVENED BY
THE LORD-LIEUTENANT.
DUBLIN, SEPT. 16.—The first of the baronial meet-
ings convened by the Lord-Lieutenant, under the La-
bour Rate Act, was held on Monday last, in the barony
of Upper Ormond, in the north riding of Tipperary;
and, all things, considered, the proceedings may be
considered satisfactory. There was no attempt on the
part of the magistrates or landholder, with an exception
scarcely worth naming, to oppose or evade the Act,
although it is now admitted that the law is not com-
pulsory as regards the passing of presentments for works
at the sessions. There is something hopeful in the cir-
cumstance that, even in Tipperary, the Act has been
put into operation with a disposition on the part of the
entry to co-operate with the Government at so awful
I emergency.
As this was the first meeting held under the Act, and
as the subject is one of such vast importance, we subjoin
the report of the proceedings which appears in the
Tipperary Vindicator :
" Monday, pursuant to the proclamation of his
Ex-
cellency the Earl of Besborough, an extraordinary pre-
sentment sessions for the barony of tipper Ormond was
held at Toomevara, for the purpose of applying for the
execution of public works under the recent Act of Par-
liament., to provide employment for the people now
threatened with the worst horrors of famine, which it is
ardently hoped the timely interventio❑ of the Executive
will award off, aided by the co-operation of the magis-
trates, clergy, and cess-payers of the country. As this
was the first meeting under the new Act, intense in-
terest was felt about its result. The national school-
house of the village in which the meeting was held was
crowded to suffocation, whilst eager crowds of the pea-
santry gathered around the building, and betrayed by
appearance the great desire by which they were actuated
to become acquainted with the proceedings. It was
delightful in the extreme to witness the alacrity with
which the magistrates obeyed the proclaniation of his
Excellency. The attendance on their part was numerous
and influential—the patience which they manifested was
exceedingly creditable—•the spirit by which they seemed
to be actuated was most praiseworthy; and the unani•
nsity—with one exception—which characterised them
throughout the important day, was witnessed 'with the
most pleasing sensations. The clergy, Catholic and Pro-
testant, mustered in great numbers, and vied with each
other in unanimity and zeal for the bests interests of the,
poor; whilst the cess-payers were also present in num-
bers. At half-past twelve o'clock, J. J. Willington, Esq.,
J.P., was called to the chair.
"The other magistrates present were:—R. U. Bayly,
Esq., Ballinaclough; George Garvey, Esq.; John Car-
den, Esq., Barnane; A. Walker, Esq., Nenagh; R. M.
Carden, Esq.; Captain Butler and Major Jackson. Mr.
Miller from the Board of Works attended. The cess-
payers present were:—Messrs. John Meagher, Michael
Meagher, George Ryall, John Daggs, E. Parker, and
Henry Smithwick. The Roman Catholic and Pro-
testant clergymen present were :—The Rev. John
Meagher, P.P., Toomevara; Rev. Henry Keary, P.P.,
Killeen; Rev. Edward, Magrah, P.P., Silvermines;
Rev. Nicholas Power, C.C., Nenagh; Rev. Mr.
Scanlan, Ballygibbon ; and Rev. Mr. Molony,
C.C., Toomevara ; Rev. Mr. Fry, sen., Pi.otestant rec-
tor ; Rev. Mr. Fry, jun. ; Rev. Mr. Jordan, P. R.,
Cloughjordan ; and the Rev. Mr. Stoney. Messrs. J. P.
Kennedy, Ballyhane ; John Hunt, Hunt's Grove ; W.
Kennedy, Glenahilty Castle ; Dr. Kennedy, Nenagh,
Middleton, Elm Hill ; John Dwyer, Kilnefinch ; F. E.
Young, Ballygibbon ; D. E. Young, Ballygibbou ; and
Michael O'Brien, Lisbonnv.
"The CHAIRMAN opened the proceedings of the day
by stating that they were assembled that day pursuant
to the proclamation of the Lord-Lieutenant, and under
the provision of the 10th Vic., for• the purpose of grant-
ing public works to give employment to the labouring
poor of the barony of Upper Ormond, and any gentle-
man present that had any application to make for a work,
he (the chairman) would be happy to hear him. But
before proceeding any further he should wish to know
what was to be done with the works unfinished or not
commenced, granted under the Ist Vic.
" Mr. CRAWFORD, R.N., surveyor—The amount which
remains on hand must go to the completion of them.
" Captain BuThEa—Are there many of those works
under the Ist Vic. remaining unfinished?
" Mr. CRAWFORD—There are many.
" Major JACKSON—Is there a balance on hand to
finish them?
" Mr. CRAWFORD—There Is, but it is not sufficient.
" After some conversation,
" Mr. BAYLY—I beg leave to propose that we apply
to the Treasury for 750/. in addition to the 450/. granted
under the Ist Vic., to complete these works already com-
menced under lst Vic. which were fiated at the present-
ment sessions, and approved of by the Board of Works,
to give employment to the labouring poor of the barony
of Upper Ormond. -
" Mr. GARVEY—I second your proposition.
"The CHAIRMAN having put Mr. Bayly's proposition
from the chair, it was passed nem. con.
"Mr. G. RYALL —Gentlemen, you must giie the peo.
ple work besides the filling of dykes and the lowering of
hills.—(Hear, hear.)
" Captain BUTLER—To be sure we will.
" CHAIRMAN—I want to know whether those roads
appointed under Ist Vic. will be finished forthwith P.
" Mr. CARDEN—According as they are necessary.
" CHAIRMAN—I know that many relief committees or
persons under their care, gave employment to persons who
did not require it,lvhile others a ho wire actually starving
would not or could not get any employment from them.
That was a very uafair mode of dealing.
" Major JACKSON—That shall not be the case now.
The country must .get a fair return of lab )ur for its
money. There must be a fair day' hire ter a fair day's
work.

" Mr. SairTuarca.—You must grant works on a very
large scale to give the people employment who are suf-
fering extreme want at this moment, at least in my neigh.
bourhood,
" Mr. GARTEY—I beg to ask the county surveyor one
question, which is, v. hat is to be done with those roads
not finished, and with the others not commenced, all of
which passed under the Ist Vic., at the Extraordin,ry
Presentment Sessions, and were approved of by the
Board of Works ?
" Mr. CRAWFORD—When we get the amount applied
for from the Treasury, we will complete all the works
not finished.
" Here the subject in reference to the unfinished works
executed under lit Vic. terminated.
" The Rev. Mr. MEAGHER proposed the making or the
construction of the Gurtnagarry, or Mr. Lanigan's (of
Templemore) new line of road.
" The magistrates were afraid that the occupiers of
land would claim compensation if the road were to run
through their property.
" The Rev. Mr. MEAGHER could assure them on the
part of Mr. Lanigan that he would ask for no damages,
that he would claim no compensation for the road run-
ning through his propertv—(Elear, hear)—and he was
sure neither would Mr. Faucitt.
" Mr. BAYLY—Then I propose that 4501. be granted
for the execution of the road, provided that Mr. Lanigan
and Mr. Faucitt will claim no compensation for damages.
"Captain BUTLER—I propose as an amendment that
the road do pass, and that the compensation for damages
be left to their honour.
" The amendment was carried, and the road passed.
" Mr. MlDDLETON—Gentlemen, I beg leave to apply
for the sum of 1,1361. 14s. 7d., to lower the bed of the
river at Tiermoyle.
" Mr. GARVEY—I think this is a work that deserves
very serious consideration, and should be carried on
und,r the Drainage Act.
" Mr. MIDDLETON—In my proposition I do not seek
for the drainage of lands at all; I seek for the employ-
ment of the poor; and I can have witnesses examined as
to the usefulne-s of the work.
" Mr. BAYLY—I should like to know what portion of
the 1,1361. would fall on the barony?
" Mr. MIDDLETON—I am not prepared to answer that
question.
Major JACKSON—Then we are not prepared to pass
the work.
" Mr. MIDDLETON—This work passes through or near
to the estates of the Hon. Mrs. Otway Cave and Lord
Orkney.
" Captain BUTLER—These are the very persons who
ought to do the work themselves.
"Mr. MIDDLETON—I beg your pardon, they are not.
"Mr. E. TAYLOR—I will say, on the part of the lion.
Mrs. Otway Cave, that she will give 1001. towards the
performance of the work.— (Hear, hear.)
" Mr. GALWAY—And Lord Orkney will give the
same sum.
" Captain BUTLER—I would say to my Lord Orkney,
to my Lord Bloomfield, and to the Hon. Mrs. Otway
Cave, come and live amongst us here in Toomevara, and
drain and cultivate your lands, and give the people em-
ployment.—(Hear, hear.)
" Mr. GARVEY—Why, they can't live everywhere.
" Captain BUTLER—But, they are Irish, and ought to
live in Ireland.—(Loud applause from all parts of the
house.)
" Mr. BAYLY—The Hon. Mrs. Otway Cave is now
living amongst her tenantry in Castle Otway.
" Captain BUTLER—They should all live in Ireland
and not in England.—(Cheers.)
Mr. M. MEAGHER—We should return our heartfelt
thanks, at all events, to the Hon. Mrs. Otway Cave, for
her exemplary charity and generosity towards her people
at all times.—(Cheers.)
Captain BUTLER—And many noble Lords should have
followed her example.—(" Hear," and applause.)
" After some further conversation, the CHAIRMAN put
Mr. Middleton's proposal, which was negatived by all
the magistrates.
" The Rev. Mr. STONEY—I rise to propose the making
of the next work, which will give great employment to
the poor—it will give an extensive sccpe for work ;
it won't be limited to the repairing of old roads, or to
these little paltry jobs of lowering hills.—(Laughter.)
This work will extend for over a mile ; it will improve
an extensive district of land, and reclaim about two
hundred acres of bog.—(Flear, hear.) You come here
with the liberal view of giving employment ,to the poor,
according to the instructions of Govern-
and you ought,
ment, to adopt some works that will be permanently
useful, and that will diffuse universal employment
amongst the poor of the barony.—( Hear, hear, and ap •
plause.) Why, to-morrow or next day we won't want
any of these o'd roads on which you are now expending
money, because we will have the railways in full ope-
ration through the country.—(Hear, hear) What you
ought to do is, to propose the making of canalq.
" Captain BUTLER : The present canals don't pay.
" Rev. P. STONEY—Pass same works that will be a
permanent benefit to the country—that will last during
your lives, during the lives of your children, arid during
the lives of your children's children.— (Hear, hear, and
loud langhter.) This application was granted.
" The Rev. Mr. MEAGHER, P.P., proposed the making
of a new line of road which opens at Annamede, goes on
to the cross of 'ltalie, aud out at Gurtagarry. The Rev.
I tientieraan said—lt is a road of great public utility, and

opens a much-required communication to the farmers of
the district, who are hemmed in cn an island at present
without it.
"Mr. CARDEN, of Barnane, rose and F aid—l oppose
thiLroad on every score; first, as there is a road between
Templemore and Nenagh, and secondly, as there is a
new road of Mr. Lanigen's near the same place where
you propose to make this.
" Rev. Mr. MEAGHER—This new road- of Mr. Lani-
gan's has nothing to do with it whatever.
" Mr. MICHAEL MEAGHER—And to meet Mr. Car-
den's objection, I say it is not a road leading to Ne-
nagh. •

" Mr. CARDEN—. It is a read to Nenagh. You have
forgotten, I suppose, the Templemore Railway. I do
think to make three miles of a road to shorten a
distance between Templcmore and Nenagh is perfectly
absurd.

" Mr. GARVEY—Why, that is not the proposition
at all.
"Mr. CARDEN—I have told you that I would oppose
the maki!,g or this road on every score. Then, as to
the dearth of employment in that district, I can tell you,
on the contrary, I wanted men and could not find them,
and I had to advertise for them. This morning I met a
number of nun on the road. I told them if they went
to my steward at Bantam) they would get plenty of task
work,,at which they would eat n I4d. a day, which is re-
munerative wages. And what did they tell me? That
they would not go three miles off to work. And in this
district you propose the making of a new road. I think
it Ls the greate,t absurdity I ever heard of.—(" Oh, oh.")
" Rev. Mr. MEAGHER—You have said nothing about
the cess-payers tu,d rate-payers ; when they pay heavy
taxes, have they not a right to have a road ? Now, will
you answer me that simple question ?
" Mr. CARDEN (apparently puzzled)—The road has
been several times before the grand jury.
R-v. Mr. MEACTIER—Never.
" Mr. CARDEN—I will show you that this road in the
neighbourhood of Toomevara was brought before the
grand jury.
" Rev. Mr. MEAGHER—I repeat again '
(Loud cries of Hear, hear')—and I defy any gentleman
on the grand jury to say so.—(Hear.)
" Mr. G. EvALL—I have endetAured during the last
fifteen years to get this road made, but it never came be-
fore the grand jury. I say there is not a road in the
county of Tipperary more wanting.
" Rev. Mr. MEAGRER—I think it is a most ungracious
thing of you, Mr. Carden, to come forward to make the
statement you have made.

" Mr. CARDEN (with Vehemence)—l'll state my opi-
nions.
" Mr. GARVEY—Hear, hear.
" Mr. CARDEN—And I will permit no person for a
moment to put me down in the slightest degree by talk-
ing to me about any ungraciousness.
" Mr. RYALL—I can positively say this road is of con-
siderable importance to the people of Toomevara, and
that if they had this road made ten years ago I would
have a dwelling house on my property.
"Captain BUTLER—We arc assembled here to-day to
show neither favour nor affection, hatred or malice. I
am sorry to hear my old friend, Mr. Carden, say that
the making of this road is a perfect absurdity.' I know
myself the farmers to be completely locked up without
this road. I can tell Mr. Carden that I have seen a
starving population on the wild-looking hills and moun-
tains there. It was only this day that I saw men,
women, and children half naked.—(Hear, hear.)
" Mr. CARDEN—YOU may see a great many men idle,
and they may say they have no employment; but I can
tell you they don't wish to work, neither will you find
many of them to do so.—(Cries of " Oh, oh.")
" Rev. Mr. MEAGHER—If Igo out into the streets of
Toomevara in the morning, I will get 400 labouring poor
who cannot procure employment, and who are ready
and willing to work if they only got it.—(Hear, hear.)
" The making of the new line of road was then passed
at 1,0001., there being but one dissentient, Mr. Carden.
" The Rev. Mr. POWER then proposed the making of a
new line of road from Barrack-street to Silver-street, in
Nenagh, the probable cost of which will be 2001. Also
to lower the hill of Cunnerhart, at 2501. ; and to repair
the road leading to Faralough, the property of Mr.
Ferrars, 401.
" The applications were passed nem. con.
" The magistrates, at five o'clock, announced that over
7,0001. had been awarded by them for the execution of
public works in the barony of Upper Ormond during
the day. and then rose."
The Tipperary Vindicator thus remarks upon the
proceedings, and it is evident that the gentry in the ba-
rony of Upper Ormond have still much to do in a dis-
trict presenting an ample field for profitable labour, be-
fore they shall have fully provided for the necessities of
the population :

"• TTile patience and the anxiety to work out the pro-
visions of the Act of Parliament, and to obey the pro-
clamation of the Lord Lieutenant, which all exhibited,
were, in every respect, worthy of the sacred cause of
charity, and of all who took part in the all important
end deeply interesting proceedings of the day. The ba-
rony of Upper Ormond contains about thirty thousand
acres of land. No small share of this land is mountain
and bog, which could be reclaimed with comparative fa-.
cility. We know how vast the advantage, and great the
return, such an application of labour and capital would
be, and how much constant employment it would afford.
The works undertaken on Monday, or rather applied for
under the Act, though not of the most beneficial nature,
are not without their practical advantages. The sum of
7,0001. was passed for them. They will give employ-
ment ; they will secure peace ; they will strengthen the
confidence of, and they will provide food for the poor, just
now on the verge of starvation, with the last potato con-
sumed by the mysterious blight which has laid waste our
fairest fields. They will stimulate the industry of all classes;
they will tend to show the landlord, and the tenant,
and the labourer, that they must put their shoulder to
the wheel, and act as tar as possible in concert, where the
salvation of all from utter and irretrievable ruin is the
great question at issue. We regret to state that the
barony of Ikerrin has not yet been proclaimed. We
know that the state of the poor in that barony is really
lamentable. On Monday a vast crowd of almost
famishing men paraded the streets of Roscrea, with a
rotten potato and a loaf of bread on the top of separate
poles. Their demand was work and wages ; they de-
clared their determination not to die without a struggle
for existence."
IMPORTANT MEETING IN SKIBBEREEN.
The Cork Reporter of Tuesday contains-the following :
—" Yesterday (Monday) the Presentment Sessions
called by the Lord-Lieutenant's proclamation under the
late Act, was held in Skibbereen. The attendance of
magistrates, landed proprietors, farmers, and labourers,
was most numerous.

" The proceedings passed off in a harmonious spirit,
and seventy-two presentments, involving an outlay of
40,0001., were agreed to. A discussion ensued as to the
feasibility of constructing a line of railway from Bandon
to Bantry, by presentment, aided by a grant, if it could
be obtained, as th,t, best mode of emplo3ing the popu-
lation in a work of national benefit, and of a remunera-
tive character, and the following resolution was passed:—
That a committee be appointed to meet and take into
consideration the survey of the line of railway now made
between Bandon, Bantry, Skibbereen and Clonakilty,
with a view of ascertaining its practicability of making
a line of road by baronial presentments in conformity
therewith, which may be available for the purpose of a
railroad at a future period, and of reporting how far it
would be reasonable to call on Government for assist-
ance."'