The Sun.
London, England, 1870-03-29 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

The 7 heory of the Arts; or, Art in Relation to Nature,
Civilization, and Man. By George Harris, F.S.A.,
of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law. Two

Vols. Bro. London : Trubner and Co.

Mr. George Harris is already in possession of a
high reputation in the world of literature as the
author of several works of standard authority and
value, of which we may instance particularly " The
Life of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke " ani " Civiliza-
tion Considered as a Science," the latter reviewed at
some considerable length in these columns at the
time of publication. His fame as an author will be
still further enhanced by the present learned and ela-
borate work, which may with truth be said to be as fu 1
of interest as it is of erudition and research. It
forms, in fact, a complete critical and analytical
investigation into the origin, rise, province, princi-
ples, and application of each of the arts, including,
und.T the head• of arts, l.aintiug, sculpture, poetry,
music, eloquence, architecture, dramatic acting, cos-
tume, and gardening. The bare enumeration of
these subjects will show the wide field of speculation
and research into which Mr. Harris has entered.
We may fairly say that in these two handsome
volumes we have a treatise that is nearly, if not
quite, exhaustive of the subject; for Mr. Harris
gives here not merely a full and complete his-
tory of art, in the widest sense of the word,
by affording an account of its growth among mankind
generally, but he carefully traces the origin and
mainspring of each separate art;and principles of art,
in the mind of man. As regards the mode in which
the several arts are classified, both in their charac-
Peristics and their style, Mr. Harris's theory bas the
double merit of originality and, we believe, of being
based on sound and logical induction ; and most cer-
tainly as regards the nature and the reality of the
intimate relationship existing between all the different
arts of each kind, from their earliest origin, through'
each stage of their progress to their latest perio
we have here a fuller and clearer elucidation
than has ever before been attempted by any writer
on the subject. Mr. Harris begins his work by
commending, in very eloquent language, not merely
art to mankind, but mankind to artists, and then

proceeds to trace the origin in the mind of every
species of art, and the adaptation of the former to the
pursuit of the latter, showing them in a most in-
teresting manner the origin, rise, and growth through
different stages of all the various arts, and how they
are more or less affected by surrounding circum-
stances, and other less palpable influences in the course
of their progress. The author next proceeds to demons-
trate the distinctive department and proper sphere of
each art, showing in what main points they differ
primarily, and then iu how many points they all
agree, and what is the strong but subtle bond that
unites them all together. These subjects, and the
considerations arising from them, occupy the greater
part of the first volume. The second opens with
a remarkably well-written chapter, elucidating the
principles which should regulate the composition of
several objects into one design, and this naturally
leads to a deduction and explanation, in the fol-
lowing chapter, of the rules which are appli-
cable for the description of a progressive narrative.
The representation of human nature, the highest
effort and ultimate aim of every art, through the
delineation of character and emotion, forms a large
portion of the second volume, and will be read with
the deepest interest by every student and man of
culture. In particular we may name the chapter
(cap.XII.), in which the capacities and limits of our
imaginative faculties are investigated, as being one
that will repay the most attentive perusal. Mr.
Harris concludes with a very able retrospective as
well as prospective view of British art generally,which
at the present moment will be found equally valuable
and interesting to the professional artist, the ama-
teur, and thb public. This brief analysis which we
have given of Mr. Harrison's two volumes will show
what strong claims his work has to the notice of all
lovers of Taste, Civilisation, and Progress. It is
evidently the product of many years of thought,
study, and research, for every chapter shows a wide
range of erudition and matured reflection, though we
are bound to say this is never obtrusively thrust for-
ward, for language singularly clear, picturesque, and
attractive in style gives a charm even to those sub-
jez' s which at first sight may seem somewhat dry,
absti act, and unpromising in their results.

A telegram announces that troops are returning
from Paraguay to Brazil ; but, according to the latest
advices Lopez was at Carle.

Thorncliffe (says the Sheffield Telegraph) is in a
state of ferment. A riot is hourly expected, and the non'
unionists are afraid to sleep.
Mr. Charles Green, the well-known aeronaut is
dead. He was 84 years of age.
An extensive search for arms was made at Cork On
Saturday, but without success. . _

THE MONEY MARKET

AND
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

CITY, Two o'CLocK.

Business in the Stock Exchange to-day was quiet,
but prices remained firm. Consols have improved
somewhat in price, and in the foreign market we
have to note an advance in Turkish stock. In Ame-
rican stocks there has been a trifling reaction in
Eries, but in Telegraph shares there has been an
improvement of nearly 1• per cent. in Construction
shares. The demand for secur:ties has induced some
of the large houses to advance their rate to 3 to 3/.
Consols are now at 93i to 931 for money ; ditto,
account, 93/ ; Three per Cent. Reduced, 911 2 ;
New Three per Cents., 91k 2 ; Bank of England
Stock, 41 per cent., shut.
Exchequer Bills £l,OOO, 2/ per cent., March, 4
prem. ; ditto £lOO, £3OO, and £5OO, June, prem.
India Stock, 101 per cent., April, 1874, ;
ditto 5 per cent., July, 1880, 1131 ; ditto 4
per cent., Oct., 1888, 100 / ; ditto Enfaced Paper,
5 per cent., 1031.
In the Foreign Market Turkish Five per Cents.
are now 46/ to 46i, an advance of j ; Italian, 55 to
to 55i, a decline of 1 ; Peruvian, 841 to 841;
Egyptian, 811 to 81/ ; Chilian (1867), 971 to 981 ;
Danubian Seven per Cent., 861 to 871 ; Brazilian
(1865), 861 to 871 ; and Russian Scrip, 31 to 41
prem.

In the Railway Market Caledonians are 771 to 781 ;
Great Eastern, 371 to -37 f ; Great Northern (A),
118 to 1181 ; Great Western, 671t0671; Lancashire
and Yorkshire, 1251 to 126 ; London and
Brighton, 428 to 42j ; London, Chatham, and
Dover, 14f to 151 ; London and North Western,
123 to 1231 ; Metropolitan, 771 to 771 ; Midland,
1231 to 123 f ; South Eastern, 74 to 741 ; and
south Eastern Preferred, 1091 to 1091.
Lombardo-Venetian are 191 to 198; and Great
Luxemburg, 12{ to 13.
American Five-Twenty Bonds are 904 to 901 ;
Erie Shares, 21 to 21}; and Illinois, 1151 to 1161.
China Submarine Telegraph Shares are now 2 to
11 clis ; French Cable, 15} to 151; Falmouth, 91 to
94 ; and Construction and Maintenance 35} to 36.

In the Miscellaneous Shares there is little doing.
Credit Foncier are 2 13-16 to 2 15-16 ; General
Credit, i dis to par ; International Financial, 11 to
dii.; Hudson's Bay Company, 12} to 12; ; London
General Omnibus Company, 2 7-16 to. 2 9-16 ex div. ;
National Discount, 11 to 111; Royal Mail Steam,
55 to 56.
The Massilia has arrived from Alexandria, with
£353,661 in gold, the whole of which is expected to
be sent into the Bank during the week, in the ab-
sence of demand for the Continent. Of the £501,000
which recently reached Pont de Galle from Mel-
bourne and Sydney by the Avoca, £380,000 is on
English account, and is due at Southampton on the
23d of April, by the Poonah. The Alexander Duthie
is also bringing £30,500 from Port Philip ; City of
Vienna, £18,500 ; Essex, £lO,OOO ; Anglesey,
£ll,OOO ; and Loch Katrine, £7,000. The total
amount of Australian gold known to be on the way
to this country is consequently £457,000.
A call of 10s. per share is announced on the
Twelve and a Half Preference Shares of the Pea.
tarena United Gold Mining Company.

Subscriptions have been invited by Messrs. Joshua
Hutchinson and Son for 133,900,000 (£780,000) 6
per cent. bonds of the East Tennessee, Virginia, and
Georgia Railroad Company, at 82i, with interest
from the Ist of January, and redeemable at par in 30
years.

Bordeaux advices state that the whole produce of
the famous Sauterne Vineyard of Chateau d'Yquem,
1869, has been purchased by Messrs. Cruse and File
Freres, of that city.
The advices by the present mail from the United
States of Colombia (New Grenada) mention that
General Salgar has succeeded the late President as
chief of the State. The principal topic was the pro-
Posed Darien Canal and the enormous advantages it
would confer on the country.
From Peru on this occasion it appears that the
tngliah ships detailed at Callao, and whose case has
recently been submitted to our Foreign-office, are
now at liberty. The cargoes go to Dreyfuss and Co.
The Guatemala letters confirm the fact that peace
le now established, but add that the Cruz affair was
not so unimportant as many were desirous of re-
presenting it.
The liquidators of the Royal. Bank of Liverpool
state they are now prepared to make a first payment
of £1 per share on ordinary shares, and £lO per share
on preference shares, to the shareholders who have
fully paid up their calls.
The annual meeting of the Royal Mail Steam
Packet Company will be held on the 27th of
April.
The ordinary general meeting of Reuter's Tele-
gram Company (Limited and Reduced) will be held
on the 13th of April, to declare a dividend.
The directors of the Cape Copper Mining Com-
pany have declared a second interim dividend of 15s.
Per share on account of the profits of 1868.
Berger, Spence, and Co.'s weekly report says :
"The transactions of the past week have been of a
minimum character, and only a limited business for
home consumption has been done in chemicals.
-Values of alkalies are fully maintained, and it is
quite exceptional to hear of any concession. In
miscellaneous chemicals a shade under the average
trade has been done, but no change of moment in
prices has transpired. The mineral transactions of
the week represent the usual trade. There is little
to report in metals. Scotch pig iron has been more
animated during the week, and closes with a slight
advance. Copper is easier. Tin is quiet. Spelter
remains depressed, with small inquiry."

BRITISH FUNDS—CLOSING PRICES.
.. GOVERNMENT ruripti.
3 par Cent. Console
Ditto for Account 93
3 per Cent. Reauced 9l 2
Naw 3 per Cent
Now 2i per Cent. Jan. .... **********
Do. 5 per Con J 1.12.1873
Annuities, SO yrs, expire sth Jan. 1880 lBBO —
Do. for 30 yrs, expire sth Aprilll."
500j..une --s---hut
Do (Red Sea Telet.,raph). Aug,, 1885
E tchoqivr Rills, £l,OOO, 25. p. c
£2OO
ado.c..lA9lalch —4
D. pm
Do £lOO,
Bank of England Stock, 95 per Cent Slut
De. opening .......... , ....... --
Ctnada 4 per Cent. Bonds ......................
Inter-Colonial Omnium
INDIAN GOVERNMENT Sisotairrise.
India Stock, 105 per Cent., April 1879.„„ —
De. Opening, for Account
Do. 0 per Cent. July, 1.180
Do. 4 per Cent. Oct. 1888
D. Enfaced Pape. 4 per Cent —
I-IJ. 5 per Cert., Jan. 1872 .....
"2. 51- per Cent. May 1879 ...........
Do. 5 per Cent., Dip. De). 1872., —
Di do 18'7-...-. .....
, Do. do. 1882
-'' •• Deb., 5 per Cent.' Aug. 1873 .....
n—
-0, Bonds; 4 per Cent., £l,OOO ..... .......
0. under £l.OOO — pm
FOREIGN FUNDS—CLOSING PRICES.
krgentine Republic, 6 per Cent ...... 901 5
.4.„lj„_° .1.-oc,unt —
- aulan Bonds 5 per cent
BrazilianDsoPer Cent —
113: lii Per Cont. 1852 _
0"0: do 1858.... w.....
au 18611
be.
ijo. do., 1863 —
I) ‘' Per Cent., 1865
0, Account
-enos A
lio 2 "Yres 6 per Cent. ...... ........
fltib,i, Per Cent. (Deferred 3 per Cent —
0 oil 'Per Cent.
, an G
. per Cent —
D 0.4. ...
. )CrCent...
o 3 -
Po. 7 l'a-r Cent
~
to. ~ Per Cent., 1i•66 ............. . ...
2s 10,t P..er cent. 1867 —
I,kniat, LVi 6 per Cent.
"lini,t,i'," Per Cent., M 5 •• . —
Do ,44 Principalities, 7 per Cent —
'‘ecollut r —