The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-17 00:00:00

NAME OF RAILWAY.

Week
ending

Aug. S

Arbroath and Forfar ••• • • •••• • • • •
Bristol and Birmingham .••• • • • •• • •
Chester and Birkenhead .
Dublin and Drogheda. • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Dublin and Kingstown •• • • .... •• • •
Dundee and Arbr0ath...........
Durham and Sunderland . • • .. • ..... • •
Edinburgh and Glasgow . •• • • • •• • • • •
Eastern Counties and North Eastern..
Eastern •• • • • • .• •• • •
Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr • • • • • •
Glallgo••• and Greenock— •• • • •• • •
Gravesend and Rochester.. • • • • • • • • • •
Great 'Western ............. ..
Hartlepool ......
London and North Western, &c.
London and 81ackwa11..............
London and Brighton
Londoa and Croydon
London and South Western. •
Manchester, Bolton, and Bury ......
Manchester and Birmingham........
Manchester, Leeds, and Hull Assoc..
Midland Counties . • • • • • • • • • • • ...... •
Newcastle and Darlington • • • • • • • • • •
Newcastle and Carlisle • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Newcastle and North Shields..
N0rf01k......................
North British .. •• • • ••••..• • • • • •
North Union and Bolton and Preston
Paris, Corbett, and Orleans • • • •
Paris and Rouen . • . • . • . • •
Preston and Wyre........ • ... •
Richmond.
Sheffield and Manchester...—.
South Eastern........
South Devon •••••... . • . ........
York and North Midland . •• • • • • • • ••

Last
week.

LOSS
1,020
1,171

500
4,116
8,996

402
2,314
1,200

294
21,770

866
47,696
1,440
10,530

8,943
1,410

7,925
20,105
3,230
2,134
570
1,451
2,334

7,216
1,508

839
1,198

634
3,255
6,247

2,4'0
10,180
1,050
1,07,
690
7,414

2,071
1,281

6,1g7
114645
1,091

1,324
8,080

1,203

601
6,717

Lady Brougham arrived at Brougham-hall on Tues-
day last. Her Ladyship had not bean in the north for some

years.
DEATH OF 1115 HIGHNESS PRINCE FLORENTIN SALM-
SAue.—We have to record the demise of Florentin Williams,
reigning Prince of Salrr-Satin, who expired on the 2d instant
at Bockhold (Prussian Westphalia). The deceased was born
oil the 17th March, 1786, and succeeded his father, Prince
Constantin Alexander, on the 25th February, 1828. In July,
1810, he married Flamina, Baroness de Rossi (who died Dec.
20, 1840), by whom he has left three sons. The deceased is
succeeded by Prince Alfred, his eldest son, born December
1814, who married in June, 1836, the Princess Augusta V.

Croy Dalmin.
REPORTED VISIT OF TIER MAJESTY TO SCOTLAND.—
The rumour has again been revived "that it is her Majesty's
intention to visit Scotland this year for the third time. the
necessary preparations for her Majesty and Royal Consort's
reception at Blair Castle have commenced, orders having
been received to that effect last week. It is not known the
.

preci;etit;Ltwhia; her Majesty intends leaving for Scot-
land, but it is supposed that it will be about the latter end of
this month, or early in September, according as the Parlia-
mentary session may close. Her Majesty will proceed by sea
to Inverness, and then, as is eupposed, proceed through the
centre of the North Highlands, by Bridge of Carr, Kingussie,
and Drammochter, to Blair." We have no means of ascer-

taining upon what authority these details are given.—
Perthshire COUlier, Aug. 13.
THE ADELAIDE GALLERY.—Yesterday the sale of
all the intetesting scientific, mechanical, and philosophical
productions, at the Adelaide Gallery, took place at the auc-
tion rooms of Mr. Chadwick, St. Martin's-lane. The two
celebrated electrical eels, Irons the River Amazon, in South
America, brought 51 guineas; the gas microscope, 21. 125.,
the well-known steam•gun and target, 4/. 10s.; Tons Thumb's
house; built expressly for him, 12s. ; Saxton's electro-mag-

netic apparatus, 21 guineas; Pritchard's achromatic micro-
scope, 12 guineas—the sale altogether realising between five
and six hundred pounds.
WESTMINSTER BRIDGE.—On Friday notice was given
to the public by the Commissioners of Westminster-bridge
that the thoroughfare for carriages would be closed till
further notice on and after Saturday, the ,15th instant.
ACCIDENT TO THE FALCON STEAMER.—NARROW
ESCAPE OF THE PASSENGER.S.—An alarming accident hap-
pened on the morning of the Bth inst., to the I.Wcon steam.
ship, commanded by Captain Bell, trading between London.
uerry and Liverpool, by which the lives of all on board,
amounting to near 300 persons, were placed its imminent
danger. As far as we have been able to collect the particu-
lars, it appears that the steamer left Londonderry at a quarter
past seven o'clock on the evening of the 7th inst., deeply
laden, for Liverpool. The weather at the time was rather
hazy, and so continued during the night. Towards the
morning it came on a dense fog, and it seems the land was
not seen after passing Ture Head, in the country of Antrim.
Notwithstanding the density of the atmosphere the speed of
the vessel was kept on, and at about half-past eight
o'clock a sudden cry was raised " land a-head 1" In a few
moments the iron-hound coast of Gowney Head, near the
Mull of Galloway, was discerned through the mist, pro-
bably not more than eighty yards distant. The captain,
who was on deck, immediately ordered the engines to be
stopped and reversed, but unfortunately such was the
rapidity at which she was proceeding through the water,
that before she could be brought to, she dashed on the rocks
and became a fixture. Instantly all was confusion, and the
greatest dismay prevailed amongst the passengers, many of
whom were of the poorer classes, who crowded the deck. The
position of the steamer appeared most perilous; her bows
were much elevated, and the water was fast rushing into her
hold. The conduct of the captain during this trying period
is described as being most determined and cool. The boats
were promptly lowered. and after several trips the pas-
engers were safely landed on the beach. Providentially
the weather, though foggy, was not boisterous. There was
but little wind, and consequently but trifling sea. Had
it been otherwise, owing to the peculiarity of the coast, a
dreadful loss of life would inevitably have taken place.
The preservation of the passengers having been accom-
plished, the captain tinned his attention to the best means
for securing his vessel from destruction. Having obtained
assistance trim the shore, she was got off and run into
Clanyard Bay. On the news of the wreck reaching
Strauraer, Lloyd's agent promptly sought the aid of her
Majesty's steamer Asp, and a number of shipwrights being
sent on board her, she proceeded to the disabled vessel's
assistance. The injuries in her hold were then patched
up so as to keep her afloat, and the Asp having towed
her off the beach, she was conveyed to the neighbouring
port of Ardrossan, where she will undergo the necessary re-

pair.
PINEAPPLES.-The supply of pines from the West
Indies for the season has not yet ceased. A vessel has just
arrived from Eleutheria, having the large number of 13,9'20
on board.
FATAL ACCIDENT TO A BROTHER OF PROFESSOR
FARADAY.—Yesterday, Mr. G. J. Mills held an inquest at
the University College Hospital, as to the circumstances at-
tending the death of Robert Faraday, Esq., lately residing
at No. 24, Albert-street,iilornington-crescent. The deceased
gentleman, who had just attained his fitty.eighth year, was
very highly connected. He was a brother of 'Professor
Faraday, of the Royal Institution, and has left a large and
numerous circle of friends, besides a wife and family, to la-
ment his premature separation. The jury having viewed the
body, police-constable 96, of the S division, said that about
eleven o'clock on the evening of Tuesday last he was pro-
ceeding along his beat in Munster-street, Regent's Park,
when he saw a horse and gig coming along at a moderate
pace, and as it reached the corner of the street,
ran against the post, by which the deceased, who
was driving, was pitched out on his head. Witness having
given the alarm, the deceased was picked up in a state of
insensibility, and conveyed to a Mr. Gillain's, in the same
street, and subsequently to the hospital.—Mr. Colborne,
the house-surgeon, stated that deceased was admitted
shortly after twelve o'clock on the night in question, suf-•
fering from partial insensibility, and appeared to have re-
ceived a slight injury to the brain. The usual course of
treatment was adopted, but at seven o'clock the following
morning his symptoms became worse, re-action did not take
place, and he oied suddenly on the morning of the 13th inst.
post mortews examination had been made, which showed a
very extensive occiputal fracture, and a large effusion of
blood in the cavity of the dura mater. The police-officer
was recalled, and in answer to questions put by the coroner
said that the deceased was brought to the above institution
by five policemen, and not one of whom thought it his duty
to make the friends of deceased acquainted with the catas-
trophe that night, although a letter was found upon him
with his address, tee. The deputy coroner then expressed
himself very strongly on the inattention of the police, in not
having forwarded inthrmation of the circumstance to de-
ceased's residence. After some further evidence, the jury
returned a verdict of " Accidental death."
UNPUBLISHED ANECDOTE OF THE DUKE OF WEL-
LINGTON.—One summer's morning the Duke was riding
with his groom on the north bank of the Serpentine, when
an unfortunate gentleman, who had got out of his depth in
the water, hallooed lustily to his Grace for assistance. His
Grace stopped his horse, and turning to the riser, replied—
" Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington is only a subscriber
to the Royal Humane Society; neither he nor his groom
hold any office under that institution. He is not one of the
park-keepers, and he has no connexion with the Metro-
politan police. The Duke declines interfering. The gentle-
man in the water may apply to any one of the officers of the
Humane Society, or to a park-keeper, or to one of the officers
of police." The Duke then touched his hat with his !Ore-
-1 finger, WI quietly rociccii...Alosanach ofthe 41mM.

• ,
NEW GEOLOGICAL THEORY fall
withSznPEaCieTllaNstG
twoBA SyeekaLrsT,lCCaCpOtaLinUMM/eTSo
r
writt( n and published, in the Jamaica Times,i osn evehratas
essays, with the view of proving that in the magnifi-
cent columns of the Giant's Causeway, and those of
Staffs, we behold the splendid relics of the stupendous
bamboos of a far distant age ! ! In support of this
novel hypothesis, be alludes to the fact of the sepa-
rate joints, both in bamboos and basaltic columns,
being articulated with semispherical tenons, and cor-
responding sockets or mortises ; the tenon or the
mortise being, in both productions, sometimes in the
upper and sometimes in the lower end of the joint ;
as particularly remarkable in the columns of od
Giant's Causeway. In reference to the establiihr-
theory of basaltic columns being crystalised At f. he
rents of molten lava, he shows that it is oppeseu to e
general laws of crystalisation ; and remarks upon t"
utter impossibility of the separate joints, blocks, or crys..
...
tals, of which the columns are composed, selecting (if
thus formed) their fellow-joints of similar dituneter,
with corresponding sockets or mortises, and arranging
themselves so closely and exactly one above another, till
stupendous columns were raised many hundred feet in
height, the length of the joints, tied diameter of contigu-
ous columns, exhibiting all the relative variety of dimen-
sions which marks a field of sugar-canes or a forest of
bamboos. tome of the basaltic columns of the Giant's
Causeway consist of distinct groups bending towards
one another at the tops, so as to resemble gigantic pillars
and arches of Gothic architecture, which appes.raesee,
Captain Morton observes, is one of the beautiful charac.
teristics of the graceful tiambve.
He also shows that bamboos, even in the present day,
secrete silex or flint, the chief' component part of Basaltic
Columns; and that the well-known material called vege-
table ivory, now substituted for animal ivory in many
articles of crdinary use, is the production of an existing
order of palm trees.
Instead of admitting that volcanoes are the generators
of Basaltic Columns, he regards them as the destroyers
of these vegetable productions of a far anterior period
and thus accounts for the fact of volcanoes being some-
times found in the neighbourhood of Basaltic Columns,
and the similarity in chemical composition between lava
and basalt. To show that there is nothing more preposte-
rous in the supposition that trees should have been con-
verted into stone columns, than that these columns should
have been vomited forth by volcanoes, he alludes to the fact
of there being now in the Texas a forest of stony trees ;
and to the hard and ponderous nature of many of the
massive timbers of the day (containing earths and
metals), as also to the fact of their having, like the
flinty shell of the cocoa nut., and the stones of our fruit,
been secreted from a fluid sap, while the bones of the
most gigantic animals, and the ivory tusks of the ele-
phant, &c., were once equally fluid, being, in like man-
ner, eliminated from the blood derived from vegetable
food !

There is not, says Captain Morton, such disparity in
size between the most colossal of the columns of the
Giant's Causeway, and the bamboos of the present day,
as between the monstrous antedeluvian lizard, the igua-
nodon, and our diminutive reptiles of similar tribes. The
iguanodon was many thousand times as big as our
lizards ; but bamboo, merely five or six times as lofty
as some of the present day, would suffice to give us a
mountain range equal in height to the most lofty and
precipitous basaltic mountain in Scotland.
Where the lowest coal bed is now found, there, the
above-mentioned writer remarks, the surface of the earth
most assuredly once was; that however deep, in what-
ever stratum, the remains of antediluvian animals are
embedded, there too, though no longer evincing a vege-
table structure, must be the remains of the luxuriant,
reeds, ferns, and grasses on which they fed, of the mon-
strous trees forming the primitive forests they inhabited.
In the Isle of Arran we find coal overlying Basalt.
in one place, and Basalt reposing upon coal in another.
In Mount Mei,sner, in Hess, Basalt is found based
upon a substratum of fosssil wood, one hundred feet
deep! and this mountain towers over an area of forty
miles of surrounding country; the inference is obvious.
It is universally admitted that coal and wood were once
vegetable productions growing upon the surface of the
earth ; consequently the superior strata must, generally
speaking, consist of the debris of subsequent animal and
vegetable kingdoms, the chemical laboratories employed
by the Almighty Architect of the Universe in fixing the
vapour of the at moshere of the ocean, and adding them
in solid strata to our expanding globe. Hence, the ex-
cess of the equatorial over the polar diameter, from the
great luxuriance of the animal and vegetable kingdoms.
within the tropics, and consequent accumulations of
matter around the equatorial regions : while the remains
of the elephant and the palm tree, the crocodile and the
bamboo, are still found at the polar surface, where, count-
less ages past, they perished, the diminished temperature
permitting no subsequent vegetation of sufficient luxuri-
ance to cover their remains with succeeding strata.
The Isle of Staffs stands forward as an instructive
monument of the prominent part the vegetable kingdom
has performed in the structure of our globe, in those re-
mote ages when Scotia, through the greater obliquity of
the ecliptic, glowed beneath the verdure of a tropical
sun ! The striking characteristics of the bamboo are
too strongly manifested in its numerous small pillars.
" bending and diverging in all directions," to admit of
further mistake. The mystery which has so long hung
over these, and the magnificent columns of the Giant's
Causeway must, according to Captain Morton, be thus
for ever dispelled. The volcanic theory of their origin,
though supported " by all living geologists," must yield-
to the simple principles of nature, which not only ren-
ders basaltic columns, but many other apparently mys-
terious phenomena, susceptible of easy solution. Those
persons may possibly be thunderstruck at the announce.
ment, that trees have been converted into stone columns,
who, in accordance with high authorities, have been ac-
customed to believe them to have been vomited forth
by volcanoes ; but the fact, that the hardest and
most brilliant of the mineral productions of the earth,
the diamond, consists of carbon, the chief component •
part
.of the vegetable kingdom, of wood, coal, and
charcoal, is certainly no)ess extraordinary.

SINGULAR MARRIAGE AT
SMETHWICK.
One of the most novel and remarkable freaks which
has ever occurred in this or any other part of the coun-
try, has been discovered at Smethwick, in the course of
the week. About two years ego a rollicking Anew.
named Charles Wilkins, came to the town, where for
some time he was employed in an Fonfoundry. This,
however; was too hard work for him, and he betook
himself to that of a " navigator." His gallantry and
devotion to the sex was always very conspicuous, and a
romp with the servant girls one of his favourite
amuse.
ments. Shortly after he took up his residence in the
town, he became acquainted with an illustrious female,
named Sarah Deakin, to whom he paid the most assi-
duous attention. After some time passed in agree-
able courtship, fortune smiled on his suit, every prepa-
ration was made for the happy day, and the ceremony
was performed amidst all the usual joyous demonstra-
tions. The happy couple took up their residence in
the house of Mr. John Badger, near the Swan Inn, and
for a year lived in the apparent enjoyment of every
felicity. Wilkins got a situation
W. Chance. Esq., at the Plate Glass Works, and .vvas
with his wife installed as one of the lodge keepers at
Spon-lane. Months passed. Rumour, with her hundred
tongues, was busy ; even his wife partook of the
general suspicion that her husband was not what he
ought to be, and poor Wilkins became a marked man.
Since his marriage he had become a most exemplary
husband, he had ceased to crack hi, jokes with the girls
as they passed, and had even forsaken his accustomed
pipe and cup at the Swan of an evening ; but notwith-
standing all this, was looked upon with suspicion.
Even the hearty good-natured equanimity of Wilkins
was not proof against such conduct; his house had
become uncomfortable ; no young " olive plants" sur-
rounded his hearthstone, and his " better-half" bit-
came, from one of the most amiable creatures in the
world, one of the greatest shrews. Life was bec,sming
unbearable; so, determined no longer.
"In the mind to suffer
The stings and arrows of outrageous fortune,"
thaatmoefta;
but to tike "arms against. a sea of trouble," he became
nmnadreyrgom thang
a woman! Charles Wilkins doffed the male attire he
hador meta-
morphosis for
not gleyses a resx,
extraordinary
caterpillar, became humble, pale-faced Mary Curzon !
tmenuclohn
The astonishment of the wife way be conceived ; tem.
pared with regret, because Wilkins had always been a
kind, though most eccentric husband. She is by no
means unprepossessing in person, although from her
short-cut 1-,air and semi-male attire, she presents a
rather singular appearance. She is scarcely thirty years
of age, about the average height of females, with regular
though not very feminine features. In short, she was
rather a stout, good-looking fellow ; and, although her
voice was shrill for a man, yet her sex was never SW-
pected. It appears that she had been married about
.
ten years ago to a man another part of the country,
but he behaved to her in such an improper manner that
she was compelled to leave him. It was then she adopted
male attire, in which she could travel without Qxciting
attention; and, having once become accustomed Co its use.
she adopted it altogether. Before coming to Smethwick
she had been employed in breaking stones on the road
side, and other out-door labour. From her feminine
voice, the workmen used to call her "Suite." On a re-
cent occasion, when seized with illness, for which she was
bled by Mr. Davis, surgeon, who remarked on the sin-
gular smallness of her arm, not the slightest suspicion of
her sex was entertained. In addition to her marriage,
her conduct generally favoured the deception, for she
could smoke, drink, tell her story, and sing her song with
any of the workmen, who looked upon her as a capital
boon companion, but regarded with a degree of jealousy
her conquests among the "fair sex." The Wife appears
to feel somewhat ashamed of the whole affair, and Cur-
zon is not by any means communicative on the subject.
Her motives in the deception are :lot very clear, and it
does not appear that she can give any very satisfactory
account of them herself.— We,irerhampion Chronicle.

T/IE Moons.—No shooting season could begin under
more favourable auspices than that of 1846. The fogs which
enveloped and shut out the distant landscapes have been
dispelled by the thunder of Saturday, and now the bracing
atmosphere invites the young sportsman, inclined for an
early shot, to roll himself in his plaid and listen for the first
crow of the old cocks, as, on fluttering wings, they louse the
young broods—many of them destined, ere ere.ning, to WI,
at the sound of the gun, on their native heather. We have
often wondered, on looking at maps which give the lines of
railways, that no enterprising
.publisher ever thought of a
sporting map, where, in a similar way, shooting might be
outlined and described—noting down deer corties— the bold
' peaks where ptarmigan are found—the heath-covered up-
, lands, where dwell innumerable broods of grouse—and the
fantastic old birch clumps, sloping to mountain streamleta,
which are the choice habitations of black game. Our paper
goes to press on the eve of the eventful 12th of
tAugut,
which prevents our giving this week any accounts of the
well-filled panniers which, we hope, sparfgor4 WeA V
from tllO ilill2.wiitt:ollos Ouriert