The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-19 00:00:00

will be given to induce British vessels to come
for that produce. This was the real rea-
son why the American vessels were freed from.
the disadvantages, the higher rates of duties, to which
the British were still subjected. Every American
vessel taking a cargo into the Havannah received in
return a cargo of sugar, and thus there was a mutual
advantage obtained from the traffic by both Spaniards
and Americans. This, however, was not the case with
England. We wished to have a market for our own
goods, but were not satisfied to yield reciprocal be-
nefits. Now the conciliatory policy has been
adopted, and we doubt not that ere long the effect
will be apparent to all. A system of retaliation is
vicious in principle, and productive of the worst re-
sults. It is calculated to impede and injure com-
merce. Perfect and entire freedom of trade is what
is wanted by our: mercantile men, and that is incom-
patible with measures of restriction or retaliation. It
is not because one nation adopts foolish or inconsi-
derate rules that we are to do so likewise. The error
of our brother is no reason why we ourselves should
fall into a similar one. England has lately decided,
by an overwhelming and triumphant majority
both of the Legislature and the people at
large, that duties are no longer to be
levied for purposes of protection, or of fostering
and sustaining monopoly, but merely for the sake of
revenue. We must not run counter to that wise
policy ; we must not do evil that good may follow
Retaliation, as stated by Lord PALMERSTON, may pos-
sibly prove successful, but, at the best, it is a bad
method of curing the evil, and it is far, very far, from
being a certain one. Should the other country, in
place of at once yielding, adopt an attitude of defiance
or obstinacy, the consequences may be very injurious
to ourselves. That which took place with
respect to Naples some time time since affords
a valuable lesson to statesmen of the impolicy
of such a course. When we resorted
to retaliation by imposing a high duty on her oil, be-
cause she did not do as we expected, it had no effect,
but, on the contrary, it subjected our manufactures
to such inconvenience that we were obliged to retrace
our steps, and to abstain from collecting that duty—
not a very dignified course for the British Govern-
ment, it must be admitted. We are, therefore, sin-
cerely gratified at the statement made by the Foreign
Secretary, " that the Government were not prepared
to resort to the retaliatory policy in regard to foreigo
commerce, but that, at the same time, they would do
their best to place the commercial relations of the
two countries on the most satisfactory footing."

Letters from Rome of the Bth state that the POPE
grants audiences once a week in the Quirinal Gardens
to persons of every class of society. Cardinal MAT-
TEI, the late Under- Secretary of State, has been in-
triguing against the system of reform adopted by his
POPE. On Cardinal Gizzi taking possession of his
office he found replies from several provincial autho-
rites to official letters by Cardinal MATTEL, in
which, after deploring the amnesty, he recommended
hem to put an end to the public rejoicings. Hail
such an official intrigue been discovered against tht
Government of the "good old times," the intriguing
cardinal would most infallibly have been sent to th.•
Castle of St. Angelo. Thanks, however, to that spirit
of liberality, the existence of which Cardinal MATTEL
so much laments, the intriguer has in the present in-
stance been permitted to escape without punishment.

According to the Gazette of Aix la Chappelle, the
Grand Duke of OLuEsumtuu, as well as the Prince:.
Of GLUCKSBURG and AUGUSTENBURG7 have pro•
tested against the letters patent of the King of DEN-
MARK, regulating the succession to the Duchies of
Schleswig and Holstein. On the subject of the
Duchies, we find the following in the Swabian Mer-
cury, dated Carlsrhue, Aug. 11 :

" In the sitting of the Chamber of the States, to-day,
Deputy Kecker demanded whether any steps had been
taken by the Germanic Diet, in consequence of the letters
patent of the King relative to the succession to the Duchies,
and whether a handful of Danes will dare to defy GPr
many. He designated the letters patent as a coup cietat
against the rights of the Duchies, and as tending to compro-
mise their existence. He then move.' an address, praying
the Government to act energetically with the Diet, that the
integrity of the Duchies should be maintained. M. D'ltzstein
declared that Germany should interfere, and not allow itself
to be partitioned like Poland. Mr. Bearden said that France
had declared in favour of Denmark, and Russia against her,
but not in the interest of Germany. England had made tv.
declaration, but Prussia, Hanover, Saxony, \Virtemburg, and
Bavaria, had declared against the letters patent.
• ThP nropo3ition of Deputy Kecker was unanimously
adopted."
rue following convention, concluded on the 6th of
July, between Denmark and Prussia has been ratified
by the respective Governments :

"Art. 1. 'rue stipulations of the treaty of commerce be-
tween the two contracting parties, concluded in June, 1818
hall rem tin in full vigour until uly 1, 1857, with the moth.
'icat.ions hereinafter contained.

" Art. 2. The stipulation of the 3d article of the said treaty
of commerce shall not apply to traffic on the coast, the con-
tracting parties reserving to themselves the right to regulate
such transactions by special clauses.
" Art. 3. In the trans-Atlantic colonies of Denmark
Prussian vessels and cargoes shall be admitted on the
conditions enjoyed by the most favoured nations. The
lame conditions shall apply to the islands of Ferroe, Iceland,
and Greenland, within the limits prescribed to other nations.
"Art. 4. It is agreed that during the continuance of the
present convention of the Sound and Belt dues, published on
Jan. 1, 1842, accompanied by the regulatory clauses, shall
')e applied to Prussian vessels and to their cargoes, in such a
manner that the trade and navigation of Prussian subjects,
as far as concerns those dues, shall be treated according t(•
the terms of the said tariff. Prussian subjects are to be
always treated as those of the most favoured nations, and is
is agreed that any reduction of the above-quoted tariff which
nay be hereafter made to any nation, shall also be made in
favour of Prussian subjects.

"Art. 5. In the navigation of the canal of Schleswig
Holstein, and by the Eider, Prussian ships and cargoes shall
be placed on the footing of the most favoured nations.
"Art. 6. The Danish Government engages to facilitate as
promptly as possible the clearing of Prussian vessels in the
Sound and the Belts, and to prevent any unnecessary delay,
without, however, departing from the usual plan of clearing:
tie vessel in the rotation of their arrival.

"Art. 7. The regulations of the navigation of the Elbe
slid! continue as set by the conventio'is of June 23.
1821, and April 13, 1844.
"Art. 8 confirms the provisions of the former treaty with
regard to vessels entering ports by stress of weather or other
causes, and not landing their cargoes.
" Art. 9 relates to the identification of the nationality of
the vessels of the respective states of Denmark and Prussia.
" Art. 10. Prussian vessels entering the Sound or the Belts
for the Baltic, and which are bound to a Prussian port, with-
out entering into a Danish port, may pass without being
-übjected to any quarantine.
" Art. 11. The present convention shall remain in force and
vigour until July 1, 1851, unless a notice of six months be
iven by one of the contracting parties."

Madrid papers of the 11th have arrived. The
Espanol gives currency to a rumour that Mr.
BULWER, the English Minister, had read to M.
ISTURITZ, the Spanish Prime Minister, a note from
Lord PALMERSTON, declaring that England would
not support any other candidate for the QUEEN'S hand
than Don ENRIQUE. The Heraldo, however, denies the
truth of the statement made by the Espanol. Don
FRANCISCO D'ASSLS was expected at Madrid on
the 12th.

It is reported that the differences between Spain
and Portugal have been arranged. Portugal has
undertaken to remove the Spanish refugees to depots
in the interior of the country, and Spain has with-
drawn her troops from the frontier. COSTA CABRAL
had a private audience of the QUEER on the 10th.
MADRID BOLSA, AUGUST 11.—The Three per
Cents. NN ere done at 341 for cash; the Five per Cents.
at 22i ; the Four per Cents. at 21i ; the Debt with-
out Interest, at 6i; and the Coupons at 20.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday. As
Saturday was the feast of the Assumption, the
Courrier Francais, the Democratic Pacifique, and the
Commerce, were the only papers published. The
speech of the KING on the opening of the Chambers
will be found in another column. The Chamber of
Peers meet on Tuesday for the trial of HENRY.
No business was done in the Passage de l'Opera on
;Sunday.

LYONS, AUG. 14 —Paris and Rouen, 952 f. 50c. ; Vierzon,
62l f. 25e. ; Northern, 703 t. 75e. ; Paris and Lyons, 5131. 75e.;
Orleans, 1,270 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THZ

LONDON STOCK EXCIIANGE, AUGUST 17.

Boulogne and Amiens, l2l4—Dutch Rhenish, 6%—East Indian,
3i—Orleans and Bordeaux, 814-I'aris and Lyons Constituted, 5%
—Rouen and Havre, 27—Sombre and Meuse, 4!4—West Flanders, 4.

•
MILITARY FLOGGING.—We beg to call our readers
attention to the public meeting at Exeter Hall, advertised in
The Sun to take placethis evening. Thomas Wakley,
3LP., will preside on this occasion, supported
by several of the best orators of Parliament, in support of ithe
at)olition of flogging in the army, and we doubt not it will be
uuniet.:usly attended.
POST-ortICR NoTIOE. THE LONDON DISTRICT POST.
—Then: are now ten deliveries of letters in London daily; and, at
the following places in the environs of London, within the circle •f
three miles of the General Post-office there are eight deliveries,
via.:—Camberwell, Camden Town, Holston, Hackney, Holloway,
Islington, Kent-road told), Bennington, Kentish Town, Kingsland,
Newington-butts, Pentonville, Shacklewell, South Lambeth, Somers
Tolvn, Vauxhall, and Walworth. Letters posted at the receiving-
houses in London before six o'clock, are devered at all places within
• the circle of•three miles from the General Post-office the same even-
ing. There is also an additional delivery within six miles of the
G. nerd Post-ofilee, so that all letters posted at the receiving-houses
in London hefore four o'clock, or at •the principal office before live
o'clock, are delivered within this Unlit the same evening.