The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-01 00:00:00

TIIE STRAITS OF THE DAIWA.

NELLES.
The following article has been published by the Augs-
burg Gazette, relative to the Straits of the Dardanelles:-
4 The Porte, in its declaration of the 7th January, •
1807, complained of, the abuse. by Russia of the pas.
sage which had been gunned to her to the .Seven .
Islands. •Russia, in contempt of the neutrality of
the Porte, had profited by this passage to effect a,
landing on the coasts of Italy. The English fleet, une.er
the orders of Admiral Duckworth, appeared in the
Dardanelles on the 20th of February, but ree-red on
the Ist of March without effecting anything. hiring this
time the Turks, under the direction of General Sebasfali,
had placed Constantinople in a state of defottee, so that the
English could not retire without sustaining conside;rable
loss. The English-do hot care to talk much about this ex-
pedition. It was a vain demonstration, like that of the •
RuSsian Admiral, who on the 20th ofJuly, 1770, entercl_ •
the straits with his vessel, had his tea served on deck, ';
then returned to his fleet. The Baron de Tott then reeeireti
orders to put the castles in abetter state of dekee,„; Adair,
the negoemtor of the peace of 1809, has defAtled, in the - '
Edinburgh Reriew, the English polies, •i4' 1807, but • !
places all the ridiculous part of it ss,. the account 04 •
Russia, which power, he ismenils, deserted .her ally. ,
_Prussia, the bettor to follow - tip 'her • projects of eon --
quest on the Dsnube. We see be the lorege,,y);-,
'that the old rule for the elosiur-•of tote straits
fal/en in to 'oblivion-- that TEnziand,
an,:
the Porte were eptnnk•Ayignorance of it,,-' England
csnlYremelub...ed it inlBo9, at a time whe's.tlie was at 'vs,.
with.F":
.I.T. • • trulesignified two things •r.
.ante.. as ancient ,
it was laid down in 1809, it recognized :a right of th.:
Sultan and the Sultan entered Into an engagemer
'Frarxe,
towaris the other Powers. This right of the Sultan ws-.
based on the principle of his possession of the strait:..
and this right was so strong as to confer• the power o.
a passage 'through • them. Others pretend that the
passage should only be granted spontaneously by iflee
Sovereign Who had the dominion. Of the sea. It isstasit
observed that Russia constantly endeavours to - externi
her influence in the Black Sea to the prejudice of tit-
Ottoman Porte. The Porte instinctivel) comprehend
:(even had the jealousy' of France towards Ru.ssits
been less strong) how far that power would go it -
temporary possession only were given of the sea of Azoi:
Twice the Russians hare restored Azof—at the peace 0,
Truth, in 1739, and in that of Belgrade—by which Ills-.sia renounced the navigation of the Black Sea, littsssan
vessels should not be built in the sea of Azof nor is the.
Black Sea, and Russian commerce should he carried am
by Turkish vessels.
- The:peace of .Kutsch uk-Kaimardsch (17:74) attr:l,-sLI
the scene, and the Turkish empire began to deelirp'' rh-e
Russians' profited by the sovereignty of the :!ritnett to
divide the domination of the sea coast. 37.1.C,sian coin-
'tierce was granted not only the navigations
Sea, but :ilk, the free and unlimited. iuf the Black
I)assage of the
straits of the Black and White Se3.4'; and the Porte -
having raised some difficulties, the •`Permission was fur-
ther
confirmed in 1779 and In 1783, Count Panin '
declared at Constantinople- Otrwagh the Prussian Ambas-
sador, that there was •v. 9P.estion about vessels of war,
but merely of merehanty-esels. At the comtnencement of
the 19th centuass,Eu
sian fleet rope became accustomed to see a Rus-
-- Illf'ri-of-war in the Black Sea, which more
tll3X4°l-e d-Preated the Turkish fleet. Notwithstanding L„
tzus, was the Ottoman Porte which granted to
diw..erent nations, one after the other, the pri-
vilege
of navigation in the Black Sea for mer-
chant vessels, viz. :—to Austria, on the 24th Feb-
ruary, 1784 ; to England, 30th October, 1799 ; and to
France, 25th June, 1802. From 1797, ICicolazen and
Sebastopol became important maritime ports. Since
the peace of Bucharest in 1812, all the coast• from the -‘
northern mouth of the Danube unto that ofk-euban was
submitted. to Russian • domination ; but it ••tvas only
1829 that Russia derived any benefit of this right of so-
vereignty. •
'" Article 7 of the treaty of Adrianople runs thus
The passage of the canal of Constantinople and of.
the Dardanelles is declared free to all the merchant • •
vessels cif the powers at peace with the Porte, • whether.
they are proceeding to the Russian ports in the Black
Sea, or are returning from them loaded or unloaded, keg
the same conditions as vessels under the Russian flags
and the Porte solemnly pledges herself never to raise any
obstacle to this right.'
" She promises never to stop the vessels. -eithss,r ,
or not laden, whether belonging to Russia or 'any

other country (pot at war with the Sultan), pass-
ing through the canal of Constantinople baud the:
Dardanelles, from the Black Sea to the Mediterra =-•
nean, or from the Mediterranean to the 11.ii,f4m,
ports of the Black Sea. In case of any contravention
not followed by immediate satisfaction at the demand.
of the Russian Ambassador, the Port recognizes
the right of Russia to consider such an act an act
hostility, and to make reprisals. There shall be no
question of complete domination of the straits, th.
Porte having renounced her right of securic..7
vessels passing through it. The treaty of the Danulw
of 13th July, 1841, concluded between Russi:,
and Austria, attaches also to the domination of the Black
Sea, as a consequence of the treaty of Adrianople. Russio
grants to that treaty the free navigation of the Black Set
to the merchant vessels of Austria and other nations. Thus
the English flag would be excluded from the Danube, in
case she should be at war with either Turkey or Russia. I n
the face of such facts it is astonishing to see there should
be again a question of the ancient regulation concern-
ing the shutting of the straits. It is true that the
Sultan pledged himself by the treaty of the 13th c:.
July, 1841, to maintain the ancient rule of excluding all
vessels of war. The Sultan had insisted on th,
observation of this ancient rule, to give the Europett7l
Powers an opportnnity of specially expressing..
their recoomition of his right ot Sovereignty. Thu
Treaty ot July 13 is nothing in reality but Li
Convention which guarantees the neutrality of the.
Ottoman Porte, and the Powers are interested in, the
observance of this neutrality. If, in time of peace, a privi-
lege should be of a nature to incite jealousy in a power, lib
would be much more so in case of that neutrality being
broken. It was wished to prevent the Ottoman Porte
' favouring one nation at the expense of the other. But
what would happen in case of a war between
England and Russia ? If the Porte remains neutral
Russia has a strong squadron in the Black Sea.
Could England send her merchant vessels into the
Black Sea, without their being armed or having a con-
voy ? This appears doubtfull Russia, therefore, has
the power of interdicting the commercial navigation of
any Power in the Black Sea, and that without attacking
the right of sovereignty of the Ottoman Porte, or in-
fringing on her neutrality."

We hear that the 24th of September is the clay
on which Sir Robert Peel proposes to meet the Parlia-
ment as Minister. It is understood that the continuance-
of the existing Poor-law for one year will be proposed ;
and that a vote of credit for six months will be taken.
The Parliament will then be prorogued, without
taking any of the numerous election petitions into
consideration, or attending to any other business. It is
also reported that Parliament will not re-assemble till
February. All this is easy of arrangement ; but, or I,v(
greatly mistake, the country will be much dissatisfiea
with such heartless apathy. The distress Of the manu-
facturing districts is likely to increase, and find work for
the government of a kind which Parliament rosy h..
called upon to aid in completing.

BRIGHTON,' AUG. 30.—THE PENNY POST
AGE.—Last week, the extraordinary number of 26,46 C
letters were delivered in Brighton in tlid- seven days,
which, according to the returns taken by the Post-
master, is the largest number ever delivered in that
town. It is generally acknowledged that Brighton was
never so full us at the present time.
THE BRITISH QUEEN.—This fine vessel,
which, as our readers know, has been purchased by the
Belgian Government, is so nearly ready for sea that she:
will, it is expected, sail for Antwerp this day, She is
intended to ply between Allover') aid New York,
calling off Cowes or Southampton, going and returning.
By this means she will, it is anticipated, carry not only
passengers to and from the Continent, but English pas-
sengers also. She is under the command of Mr. Keane.
who has received a commission in the Belgian service.
—Liverpool -Albion of Monday.
To E. Solomons and Co., Opticians, 36,
Old Bond-street, and 1, Old Jewry, City,—" Major Blair has had
twelve months personal experience of the superior efficacy of E.
Solomons and Co.'s Spectacles. They are soft and easy to the
sight, give great relief and con fort when vision is exerted by am.
minute occupation, by lamp or candlelight. Major Blair has used
the ordinary glasses for years, but never experienced such perma-
nent ease as he now enjoys; he therefore feels no hesitation
giving them his unqualified approbation, and in recommending
their use to all whose sight may require assistance.-5, Parliament.
street, 19th August, 1841." E. Solomon. and Co.'s Patent
Spectacles have been patronized by the Rojal Family, his Royal
Highness the Duke of Sussex, his Grace the Duke of Wellington.
the Duke of Newcastle, the late Duke of Buckingham, the Duchess'
of Richmond, the Marquis of Wellesley, the Marquis of Thomond.
the Marquis of Tavistock, &c &c. Testimonials to the superior
merits of their Spectacles are also in their possession, from Sir
Benjamin Brodie, Bart.,
P. R. S. ; the late Sir Anthony Cat lisle.
F. R. S. , P. R. C. S. ; Sir James E. Anderson, M.D., 11, New Bur-
lington-street ; Jame Johnson, Esq., M.D., Physician Extraor-
dinary to the late King; Bransby B. Cooper, Esq., F R. S., Surgeon
to Guy's Hospital, 2, New.strcct, Spring Gardens; Martin Wase,
Esq., Oculist. New Bridge-street; E. W. oDuffin, Esq., M.D., 14,
Langham place; C. Aston Key, Esq., Surgeon to Guy's Hospital.
E. Solomons and Co.'s Voice Conductors, when placed is the Ears,.
cannot be seen, and enable deaf persons to distinguish the faintest
inflections of a distant speaker. Being in no way connected with
any other houses in London, and having occasion to guard the pub-
lic against mistakes, which a similarity of names, (aided by various
schemes resorted to by empirics) have in several instances occa.
sicned severe disappointment to the incautious, they call particular.
attention to the following address :-36, Old Bond street, and 1,,
Old Jewry, City, where the above inventions can be proCurcd.