The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-21 00:00:00

No. 16,928.

requisite official facilities. As a mere compilation, it is probably the
most wonderful on record.

ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, NOY. 28, 1846.
This huge volume, the forty-eighth edition of the work, well sus-
tains the reputation enjoyed by the " Directory" of late years. In
the preface, the proprietor maintains that the high character of the
work is not referable to its more connexion with the Post Office ;
for an important change has been gradually introduced into the
manner of collecting the information ; and a larger portion of the
work than heretofore has been confided to selected agents entirely
unconnected with the Post °Mee, this being in great part the plan of
compiling the editions for 1845 and 1846. Nor has the proprietor
rested content with firs past success, but has introduced many im-
portant alterations in this volume for 1847, and added to its bulk
without any increase in price. The " Postal Directory" is especially
improved, and there are numerous changes throughout the volume
to insure its completeness. The compilation must be a vast labour,
to be accomplished only by systematic subdivision and the most pains-
taking minuteness. The appearance of the volume has suggested a
very lively effnsion, to be seen in another column ; and we trust the
enterprising proprietor of the " Directory" will find that his labours
are duly apprw.ated and remunerated. To a great commercial coun-
try this is an indispensable volume.

RAILWAY HERALD, Nov. 21, 1846.
The new volume of the Post Office Directory for 1847 Is already
in o.tr hands, and we can only express our wonder that a work so
laborious, ex'ensive, and• minute, could be in any degree improved.
It would have been a sufficient merit to have maintained its former
reputation, it is a great merit to have surpassed itself. The produc-
tion of a work unequalled for accuracy and for clearness.has placed in
the hands of the commercial public a most valuable and indispensable
aid in carrying on the business of this vast metropolis, which would
indeed be subjected to the greatest inconvenience and expense It it
were not for a work of this kind. In a short time our readers will
have the opportunity of judging for themselves on purchasing the new
volume, whether our anticipatorynotice is in any degree exaggerated.

BRITANNIA, Nov. 21,1846.
The Freneh people have done themselves credit by their industrial
expositions. But it must be acknowledged that, though ingenims
and pretty, they appear quite insignificai.t compared with the indus-
trial exposition presented to the mind by this mighty volume. Keep-
ing pace with the advancing trade and population of London, it still
increases In ; and, keeping pace with the movement of society
in a more important particular, it vigilantly seizes every opportunity
of improvement to insure more perfect accuracy and more complete
claisiflc,tion. We find in this volume many instances of superiority
to former issues, which. though eomparatively trifling, show the in-
telligence and care exercised over every department. It may be men-
tioned that by the employment of private agents, the changts of re-
sidence are now brought down to a later period thin formerly, and
the value of the " Direcl.ory" is consequently enhanced. We have
before spoken of it as indiSpensable to the proper management of
bdisiness. Its authority is now so universally established, both at the
Post-office and throughout the metropolis, that any further recom-
mendation of it is superfluous.

HERAPATH'S RAILWAY JOURNAL, Nov. 21, 1846.
The " Post-office Directory" for 1847 appears with additionS and
improvements upon its valuable predecessor, but with no enlarge-
ment in the price. The continued enterprising spirit with which this
important, and it is not a misapplication of terms to Fay, national
work is conducted, merits the highest commendation, We know not
whether the same illiberal and unjustifiable attempt will be made in
the ensuing session as was done in the last, to wrest it from the
hands of the present proprietary, and to place it by the force of might
over right in the hands of Government ; but, should it be attempted,
surely the following statement of its conductors will go home to the
consciences, if they have any, of the parties seeking to draw down
the grasping Interference of Government :—" It can only be neces-
sary to refer to a copy of the work published before the purchase of
the copyright by its present proprietor, to be convinced that the mere
connexion of the ' Directory' with the Post-office has little, if at all,
contributed to its present high character. That the improvements
(the result of many years of unwearied toll and application on the
part of those engaged in the compilation of the work) are duly appre-
ciated is now happily beyond all question ; prior to the Directory'
passing to its present proprietor, rival books contended successfully
with this—they have disappeared."

TAIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR
ANCE SOCIETY,
26 CORNIIILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
ith respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured
'las, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for-
t iture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ;
iso the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in-
. rests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible

DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare
fourth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent. on the premiums paid
each Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAMPLES.

.Z 1 Premium.

X Xs. d.
1000 34 1

!18371
1838
1839
1840
1841,

Bonus Bonus in
added. Cash.

£21715 IIXIOO 011
192 3 0 87 1 4
165 11 10 74 1 9
116 7 6 54 0 101
111 6 8, 49 10 01

.7"il
gag Assured
cow may
g g Borrow.

£l6 0 4!
13 10 2:
11 3 11
7 18 101
7 10 41

1X445 0 0
395 11 1
346 2 3
296 13 4
247 4 5

The division of profits is annual, and the neat will be made in
'member of the present year.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary.

SOVEREIGN LIFE ASSURANCE COM-
PANY,
No. 5, St. James's-street, London.

TRUSTEES.
Sir Augustus Brydges Henniker, Bart,
Benjamin Bond Cabbell, Esq., ➢f.P.
Henry Pownall, Esq
Claude Edward Scott, Esq.

DIRECTORS.
CHAlRMAN—Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Arthur Lennox.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN—T. C. Granger, Esq., M.P.
John Ashburner, Esq., M.D.
T. M. B. Batard, Esq.
Philip Patton Blyth, Esq.
Henry Broadwood, Esq., M.P.
Charles Farebrother. Esq., Alderman.
Wm. Tull' ch Fraser, Esq.
John Gardiner, Esq,
Aaron Asher Goldsmid, Esq.
Lord Macdonald.
Alexander Ogilvie, Esq.
Henry William Pownall, Esq.
Assurances and annuities granted on favourable terms.
The Rates of Premium, of which the following are specimen, are
n the lowest scale consistent with security.

ANNUAL PREMIUMS FOR ♦SSUR[NG 100/.

For
Age. I
One Year.

..---
£ s. d
,1
20 1 1 0

For
Seven Years.

X I. d.
I 1 II

For
Whole Life,

X s. d.
1 13 7

A new plan of Accumulative Assurance, by depositing instead of
paying Premiums, thus :
By the deposit plan, commencing at the age 20, 401. per Annum
secures the soured at the age of

X s. d.
949 16 4
1779 1
2495 0 0
59 ~ - - - . 3111 19
69 - - - 3650 9 0
Deferred Annuities, to commence at any specified age, granted
either with or without return of the Premiums, in case the age at
which the annuity is to commence is not attained.
I). DAVENPORT, Secretary.

29 a Policy for -

CONTRACTS FOR WHEAT, COCOA;
• - SOAP, TOBACCO, and PEAS.
Department of the Comptroller for Victualing and Transport
Services, Somerset-place, Dec. 16, 1846.
The Commissioners for Execiding the Office of Lord .111gh Admi-
ral of_the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereby
give Notice, that on THUBSDAY,"the 24th Instant, at One o'clock,
they will be ready to treat with such persons as may be willing to
Contract for supplying and delivering into her Majesty's Victualling
Stores at DEPTFORD the undermentioned Articles, viz.
. Quarters. _ When to be delivered.
•• • . • 20001
WheatWßeldiite •• .. 1000 half of each in Three weeks, and the
}
Tons. remainder in Three weeks after-
Cocoa •••• • • • •100 wards.
`tied) 30

Soap (mottles., •• • •
Tobacco (Virginia) . 20 in a Fortnight, and the remainder
Quarters i
Peas.— •• • • • 5OO n a Fortnight afterwards.
The Cocoa and Tobacco are to be exempted from the Customs'
duties. •
SainPles of the Wheat and Peas (not less than Two quarts of each),
and of the Cocoa (not less thin 21bs.), must be produced by the
parties tendering, and samples of the Soap and Tobacco, together
with the Conditions of the Contracts, may be seen at the said Office.
No tender will be received after One o'clock, on the day of treaty,
nor any noticed, unless the party attends, or an agent for him duly
authorised in writing. •
Every Tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the Admi-
miralty, and bear in the left hand corner the words " Tender for
"• and must also be delivered at Somerset-plate, and those
for Cocoa must be accompanied by a Letter signed by Two respon-
sible persons, engaging to become bound with the persons tendering
in the aunt of 251. per cent: on the value for the due performance of
he contract.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
BY PER MIS SI-ON.-PROFES SOR
SCIKENBEIN'S GUN COTTON, differing from all other spe-
cimens recently before the public, is LECTURED on, with other ex-
plosive compounds, byDr. RYAN, daily at Half past Three ; and on
the evenings of Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
The principle of the ELUCT_ZIC TELEGRAPH DEMONSTRA-
TED daily, by Professor BACHHOFFNER, especially with reference
to the new patent of Messrs. Nott and Gamble, called the ROYAL
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH. By the OXYHYDROGEN
MICROS' 'OPE are exhibited specimens of the DISEASED POTATOE,
showing the Leaves, Cuttings of.the Tubers, &c., together with the
DES rRUCTIVE INSECT, supposed, by A. Smee, Esq., F.R.S., to
be the cause of the disease. The PHYSIOSCOPE, DIVING EX-
PERIME ITS, the DISSOLVING VIEWS, by Smith, &c. &c.
Admission Is. Schools, half-price.

GRAND UNION RAILWAY.
OUTSTANDING SCRIP.
The Holders of Scrip Certificates which have not yet been regis-
tered are requested to forward the same to the Secretary, and apply
for the RETURN of the DEPOSIT, minus the expenses, before the
81st of January, 1847, as arrangements are made for closing the
offices.
Scripholdera are reminded that the Deed of Release must be signed
before the money can be received ; and, to save trouble an I expense,
it is recommended that the certificate should be registered and the
money claimed by a party resident in London. If the holder cannot
attend personally at the offices in London, he must authorise an
agent to sign the deed on his behalf, by power of Attorney, on a 30s,
stamp.
The sum of 12s. per share, and a certificate for any further return
that may be hereafter payable, will be handed to the shareholder on
signing the Deed of Release

By order,
ALFRED BRESSOX, Secretary.
Company's Offices, 78, Cornhill, Dec. 16, 1846.

DIRECT BOMB AY and MADRAS RAIL
WAY.
Notioe.—The FIRST HALF YEAR'S INTEREST, at 4 per cent.
per annum, will continue to be PAID till the 31st inst. Scripholders
are requested to present their Scrip at the offices of the Company
between the hours of Twelve and Three, when it will be stamped and
the interest paid at the same timcll
By order, JAMES WARD, Secretary.
Offices of the Company, 58, Fencharch-street.

BIRKENHEAD DOCK COMMISSIONERS.
LOANS OF MONET.
The Birkenhead Dock Commissioners are ready to receive Loans
of Money for period: Jr five or seven years, under the authority of
their Acts of Parliament, at the rate of 5 per cent. Per annum. The
interest will be paid half-yearly, on the Ist of January and Ist 01
July, in London or elsewhere, as the parties lending may prefer.
Sealed tenders, stating the amount and term of years for which the
money is proposed to be lent, to be addressed to the Commissioners,
endorsed "Tender for Loans."—Birkenhead, Sept. 21, 1846.
By order, RICHARD HIND, Sec.

THE SELF-SUPPORT INSTITUTION,
(aided by Voluntary Contrlbetions,) for the Cure of Stricture
of the Urethra, and all other Diseases of Urinary Organs, Nervous,
Local, and General Debility.
SURGEON—F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.L., 2, Chandos-street,
Cavendish-square.
To small tradesmen, clerks, mechanics, and the working classes
generally, this Institution offers, in all cases, gratuitous surgical
assistance, and in others medicine also free of expense.
Apply at the Surgery adjoinng the Surgeon's residence.

REFORMATION IN CLEANING CHIM-
NEYS.—The use of the PORTLAND PATENT SPRING
BRUSH and CHIMNEY-SWEEPING APPARATUS obviates all
the annoyance and inconvenience consequent upon the present dis-
gusting plan. By it a flue is completely cleansed without one
particle of soot entering the apartment. A short time ago
an experiment was made with this apparatus at the House of
Commons, the success of which was complete. Meets of writing
paper were placed upon the chimney-piece, and in various other
parts of the room, and after the completion of the sweeping not one
particle of soot was discernible upon any of the sheets of paper.
To be seen at 69, Welbeck-street, Cavendish-square.
N.B. The Proprietor is willing to grant licenses for the use of this
patent invention in the provincial towns of England.
Agents for the Metropolis are required. ,

PUBLICATIONS•

11RITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH, New-
road, London.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH of the lIYGEIST, with the reasons
that led him to the discovery of the Hygeian System of Medicine and
the " Vegetable Universal Medicines," after thirty-five years' inex-
pressible suffering under the me.lical faculty.
James Morison, the youngest son of Alexander Morison, ESry.
was born at Bognic, in the county of Aberdeen, in the year 1770.
The family has been &mg ktown as one of great affluence and re-
spectability, and the late Member for Banffshire, John Morison, was
the second brother of the subject of this brief sketch.
For the remainder of the sketch, sec the abridged " Morisonlana,"
to be had of all the honorary members of the British College of
Health, New-road, London. Brice 6d.

THE PERFECT SUBSTITUTE for SILVER.
The high estimate formed by the public during the twelve
years WILLIAM S. BURTON'S (late RIPPON and BURTON'S)
chemically purified material has been before it (made into every
useful and ornamental article usually made in silver, possessing, as
it does, the characteristic purity and durab lity of silver), has called
into existence the deleterious compounds of " Albata Plate," " Berlin
Silver," and other so called. substitutes; they are at best but bad
imitations of the genuine articles manufactured, and sold only by him.
Fiddle Threaded King's
Table Spoons and Forks, full size per Pattern. Pattern. Pattern,
dozen.. • • . • • • •
'Dessert ditto and ditto ditt0...... 10s. Od. 21s. ed. 255. Od.
Tea ditto and ditto, ditto ss Od. I Is Od. 12s Od. . ..

NOTICE TO
ASSITRANCE COMPANY OF LONDON.
U KITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY,
No. g, Waterloe-place, Pall-mall, London.
The attention of Holders of Policies in the Equitable Assurance
Company of London, is particularly called to the Ilalf-credit Scales
of Premium of this Company, by which table the bonus to be de-
clared a the next investigation of the Equitable Assurance Cone-
pany's affairs, in January, 1850, may be secured at a present annual
payment ofs,
one-half the rates generally charged by other compa-
nies. In the event of death the sum insured will be paid, after deduc-
tion of the other half of the rates. Should the life insured survive the
declaration of the bonus, the policy may be allowed to lapse, and the
Company will reaounce all claim for the half premiums which may
be due thereon ; or in the event of the party being at that time in
bad health, the policy can be kept up at the full premium of the age
as when first accepted. The above plan, originating with this Com-
pany was
. , found peculiarly advantageous at the last division of profits
in the Equitable Assurance Company, in 1840, when it was largely
.adopted, and many of the policies then effected are still in force,
",(11arge bonuses have been added to them on the scale of the fol-
lowing table ;
5,000 .
Sum Assured. Time Assured. Sum added to Policy.
£5,000
'••• • • • • 6 years 10 months •• .. £683 6 8
MOO . GOO 0 0
5,000.
Director, E. insoo 0 0
Resident
5,000 ..
e, London.
8, Waterloo-Mac" ••• • 4 years ... ..... ...... 400 0 0
5,000 . ... 4 years .••• .• . • ...... 400 0 0
—Oct. 350,784 .6.• .•" • 2 years .. ...... ...... 200 0 0
Prospectuses and '• •• 1 year .. ••. • ...... 100 0 0
to the fLormennaotxionm may beobtaal
tn etdhoenoaf
Bp Vets? iNi T.
Boyd, Esq.,

~.~

•
10111KNCH'S ALITAISTACK will be published on
Wednesday, hitt ; price 3d., -of 4d. stamped.
London: Office, 85, Fleet-street, and sold_ by all Booksellers and
Newsmen. •

NE* WORK tIY .MICILkEL ANGELO TITMARSIL
On the First of January, to lie continued in Monthly Parts, price Is.
each; with numerous Hustrations on Steel and Wood,
VA N I T y F A I :
pEN AND PENCIL SKKTCHES OF. ENGLISH SO-
CIETY:-

Gravy ditto ......... ..... .......... 3s. Od. 6s. Od. 7s. Od.
NICKEL ELECTRO-PLATED. —The REAL NICKEL SILVER,
introduced and made only by WILLIAM S. BURTON (late
RIPPON and BURTON'S), when plated by the patent process of
Messrs. Elkington and Co., is beyond all comparison the very best
article, next to sterling silver, that can be employed as such either
usefully or ornamentally. In the lengthened and increasing popu-
larity of the material itself, and the high character of the method of
plating, the public have a guarantee that the articles sold by W. S.
Burton (and by him only) are, as it regards wear, immeasurably
superior to what can be supplied at any other house, while by no
possible test can they be distinguished from real silver.
Fiddle. Thread. King's.
Tea Spoons, per dozen •• • • lBs. • • 325. .. 38s.
Dessert Forks „
Dessert Spoons „ • 3os. .. 525. .. 625.
Table Forks „ ..... 40s. • . 68s. .. 755.
„ Table Spoons
Tea and coffee sets, waiters, candlesticks, &c., at proportionate
prices. All kinds of re-plating done by the patent process, Detailed
catalogues, with engravings, as well as of every ironmongery article,
sent (per post) free.
WILLIAM S. BURTON (late RIPPON and BURTON'S) Stock
of general Furnishing Ironmongery is literally the largest in the
world, and as no language can be employed to give a correct idea of
its variety and extent, purchasers aro invited to call and inspect it
—39, Oxford-street (corner of Newman-street). Established in
Wells-street, 1820.

CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL
LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
No. 78, Great Russell-street. Bloosury.
An extraordinary General Meeting of the Proprmietbors a this Society
will be held at the Office, in Great Russell street. on TIWBADAT, the
7th day of January ensuing, at Twelve o'clock precisely, for the Pur-
pose of declaring a BONUS out of the Profits which have accrue"
from the general business of the Society during the Five years end-
ing June 30th, 1846, and at that Meeting the Persons Assured have
the right of being present.
The same Meeting will be made special, in order that the l'ro•
prietors may take into consideration the expediency of amending
and altering part of the existing laws, regulations, and provisions of
the Society, pursuant to the Deed of Constitution.
GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Secretary.

By W. 31. TII ACKERIY.
Aukliar of " The Trish Sketch -Book ;" " JOUrIICy from Conthill to
Grand Cairo ;" 'of " Jearnes'alMary," and the"• Snob rapers," in
Punch, &c. &c.
Bill's and Adverti:sements:Wilkle received at the Office, during the
month. _

London : Pablished at the Paneh ()Mee, 85, Fleet-street ; J. Men-
zies; Ellinburgh ; J. M'Leod, Glasgow ;
J. M`Glashan, llablin.

I It: TRAIL'S NEW TRANSLATION of the
• IL, WORKS of .1 OS Emus,:
with Notes, Explanatory Essays,
and Pictorial Illustrations. In Monthly Parts.
The First Part, with Eight Plates, will be published on January
Ist, 1847, price Five Shillings, super-royal Bvo. ; and Tell Shillings,
large paper, with proof impressions of the Plates. A complete Pros-
pectus of the work may be obtained thiough any Bookseller.
London : Houlston and Stoneman. Dublin w. Curry and Co._

ELEGANT AND USEFUL CHRISTMAS PRESENT.
Dedicated, by permission, to her Royal Highness the Ductless of
Gloucester.
Just ready, I vol. Bvo., full gilt cloth, illustrated with EngravingS,
price 10s.
.1111 E. GERMAN CHRISTMAS EVE ; Or,
Deutschar Damen Weihnachts Korbchen. 'Edited by Mrs.
ALFREIVMONTGOMERY. Being a Picture of Home Life in Ger-
many. With Instructions for, and Illustrations of One Hundred
beautiful and original Patterns for Knitting. Translated, from the
German of Madame A. FLOHR.
London : Caines, Malkin-street,
West Belgrave-square•

COPY of a LETTERcoußriczypEsq.
from. WILLIAM

To,Mr. Thomas PROUT, 229 Strand, London.
Church Farm, Barton Stacey, near Andover Railway
Station, lints, October 26, 1844.
Sir,—l cannot help expressing myltstonishrnent in the effect I have
experienced in taking your Pills fer,the Goat. I was taken on Thurs-
day night•eo severely with it as 4.41-; 0,5 -With dl cult)` able to get mu
of my bed, and atter I arose I had severe pains, followed on with in-
flammation of the foot increasing. I took three of your Pills, and
within two hours I found the pain to entirely cease. I afterwards
took two Pills at a dose twice in the day, and I am, thank God, this
morning able to walk without the slightest inconvenience. I found in
a previous very severe attack very great relief ; I had the pains in
my kriees and thighs so very severe at that time, I thought I must
have died, and that it must have gone into my stomach. At that
time I had resort to your Pills, and they relieved me—within two
hours I was quite easy. The use of these Pills ought, really, to be
known all over the world. I have a brother, a young man, that
suffers horribly with it, and his greatest relief and preventive has
been your Pills. Make what use you please of my report. —Yours
ruly and respectfully, WILLLA.M COURTNEY.
Among the many discoveries that characterise the present age, none
have contributed so much to the comfort and ease of the community,
nor conferred such a boon upon suffering humanity, as the impor-
tant discovery of BLAIR'S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PILLS,
the efficacy of which has been tested by the approval and recom-
mendation of many of the greatest men of our day. They are effec-
tive for gout and rheumatism, in all its various forms, including
sciatica, lumbago, pains in the head and face, frequentlyt reated as
tooth-ache, &c. They require neither confinement nor attention of
any kind, and invariably prevent the disease attacking the stomach,
brain, or other vital part.
Sold by Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London ; an by his appoint-
ment, by all respectable medicine vendors throughout the United
Kingdom. Price 2s. 9d. per box.
Ask for BLAIR'S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PILLS and ob-
rve the name and address of " Thomas Prout, 229 Strand, London,"
impressed upon the Government Stamp affixed to each hex of the
0 tnaixeNfedielne.

ItOWLA.ND'S KAL Y DOR,
an ORIENTAL BALSAMIC PREPARATION of singular
efficacy in thoroughly purifying the Skin from all Pimples, Spots,
Blotches, Freckles, Tan, and Discolouratlons, producing a healthy
freshness and transparency of Complexion, and an admired softness
and delicacy of the hands, arms, and neck. Its purifying and re-
freshing properties have obtained the exclusive patronage of the
Court and the Ro3 al Family of Great Britain, as well as the
principal Courts of Europe, and the most distinguished Nobility and
Gentry of all civilised nations.
**l, Beware of Spurious " KALYDORS," containing mineral as-
tringents utterly ruinous to the complexion, and which, by their re-
pellent action, endanger health. Some are announced under the im-
plied sanction of Royalty, &c.,. &c. Each bottle of the genuine has
the words " ROWLANDS' KALYDOR" on the wrapper, and A.
ROWLAND and Son, 20, Hatton-garden, is also engraved (by desire
of the Hn. Comm
fidssioners) n the Government Stamp affixed on
Proprietors at
do 2.
op,ernb:tttolne:
garden, London, and by all
respectable Chemists and Perfumers.
eacshol.d
bPyroitchee 4rs.ropr.i

I THANK YOU, E. MOSES AND SON,
For the coat which I wear on my back,
Approv'd by my friends, ev'ry one,
Which is neither too tight nor too slack,
I thank you, E. MOSES and SON.
For my overcoat, trowsers, and vest,
With quality never outdone,
For my hat (which is really the best),
I thank you, E. MOSES and SON.
For my elegant Wellington boot,
Whose workmanship can't come undone
For my shoes, and the whole of my suit,
I thank you, E. MOSES and SON.
For the furs which my lady obtain'd,
Whose fashions such favours have won ;
W ith gratitude, wholly unfeign'd,
I t E. MOSES and SON.
hank you,
For the many great savings I've made,
Fori Fortth ghae: oyked: lyouvl I.Ept
cMone:B v
i,Eesry
esahnpadal
ilsdsbhNu n.
LIST OF PRICES.
aaADI DUDE.

December 16, 1846,

THE SALT TRADE TO INDIA.
A deputation of the merchants, manufacturers, ship-
owners, and others, interested in the salt trade to India,
and the abolition of the East India Company's power to
manufacture salt in India, waited on Sir John Cam
llobhouse, the President of the Board of Control, on
Thursday last, at two P.M. The deputation, which was
headed by Sir Denis Le Merchant, M.P. for Worcester,
consisted of the following gentlemen :—Mr. W. Worth-
ington, Mr. H. Ashton, Mr. D. C. Aylwin, and Mr. It;
Falk, representing the Committee of the Cheshire Salt
Chamber of Commerce ; Mr. Alderman E. Evans and
Mr. J. W. Lea, Commissioners of the Severn Navigation
Improvement, representing the Worcester Chamber of
Commerce and Town Council ; Mr. Shawcross, Mr. W.
Peel, and Mr. H. Fleming, on behalf of the city of Man-
chester ; Mr. T. Greenshields and Mr. Rufford, repre-
senting the Worcester section of the Salt Chamber of
Commerce ; Mr. Shipton, of the Gloucester Chamber of
Commerce ; Mr. A. Ridley and Mr. W. C. Harnett, re-
presenting the London Shipowners' Association ; Mr.
Montague Fielden, on behalf of the merchants and
manufacturers of Blackburn and vicinity ; Mr. Enthoven,
Mr. Morrell, Mr. Westall, and Mr. Bumpstead, repre-
senting the London salt trade ; and Mr. J. H. Stoc-
queler, the Secretary to the Committee of the Cheshire
and Worcestershire Salt Chamber.

FHE LONDON AND SUBURBAN
CABRIOLET and CARRIAGE COMP.A.ary.
(Provisionally Registered.)
Capital 100,000/., in 10,000 shares of 101. each.
Deposit 11. per share, being the largest sum which can be legally
required prior to complete registration.
This Company has been formed for the purpose of supplying the
Metropolis and its Neighbourhood with handsome and well-appointed
Public Cabriolets and Carriages, constructed with all modern im-
provements, in lieu of the mean and miserable conveyances at pre-
sent in use, and to effect this at a considerable reduction in the exist-
ing rates, it being intended that the fares shall in no case exceed the
rate of Gd. per mile, and so on in proportion.
It is also proposed to supply open Excursion Carriages of diftereat
kinds, in the Summer Month?, similar to those in use at Brighton,
Leamington, and other fashionable watering places.

ST. CATHARINE'S HALL LODGE, DEC. 12.—The Syn-
dicate appointed to visit the Observatory; conceiving the
subject at the present time to possess peculiar interest,
beg leave to submit to the Senate the following state-
ment of Professor Challis, describing the course of ob-
3ervations, founded on the theoretical calculations of
N:r. Adams, of St. John's College, and made at the
Observatory, with a view to the discovery of the new
pl suet.
I. Philpot, Vice-Chan. I George Peacock.
John Graham. James Cartmell.
B. Chapman. Chas. W. Goodwin.
W. Whe well. W. C. Mathison.
Joshua King._ G. G. Stokes.
SPECIAL REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE CAM-
BRIDGE OBSERVATORY, RELATIVE TO THE NEW
PLANET. _ _

At a meeting of the Observatory Syndicate, held
at the Observatory on the 4th December, for the
dispatch of ordinary business, a strong desire having
been expressed by the Vice-Chancellor and the members
of the Syndicate generally, to receive from me a special
report of observatory proceedings relating to the newly
discovered planet, drawn up in such a manner, and in
such detail, as would enable them to lay complete in-
formation oa the subject before the members of the
Senate, I considered it t ) be my duty at once to comply
with this request. A new body of the solar system has
been discovered, by means depending on the farthest
advances 'hitherto made in theoretical and practical
astronomy, and confirming, in a most remarkable
manner. the theory of universal gravitation. It is,
therefore, on every account desirable that the members
of the Senate should be made fully acquainted with the
part which has been taken by the Cambridge Observa-
tory, relatively to this important extension of astrono-
mical science. The observations I shall have to speak
of, and the reasons for undertaking them, are so closely
connected with theoretical calculations performed by
.a
member of this university, to account for anomalies in
the motion of the planet Uranus, that the history of the
former necessarily involves that of the latter. I hope
that for this reason, and because of the peculiar nature of
the circumstances, I may be allowed to make a com-
munication less formal and restricted in its character
than a mere report of observatory proceedings.
The tables with which the observations of the planet
Uranus have been uniformly compared were published by
A. Bouvard in 1821. They are route ted on a continued
series of observations extending from 1781, the year of
ai tese
iddies enot
av
lel ryyo,
btsoe
rlvBe2.
dls e
vle'nr
teevei
no Previous
timesto as 178 a 1781
fixed
xit e
dh
satda r
tbeenhe
earliest observation of this kind being one by Flamsteed
in 1690. Bouvard met with a difficulty in forming his
tables. On an attempt to found them upon the ancient,
as well as the modern observations, it appeared that the
theoretical did not agree with the observed course of the
planet. lie thought this might be attributed to the im-
perfection of the ancient observations, and consequently
rejected all previous to 1781 in the formation of the
tables finally published. These tables represent well
enough the observations in the forty years from 1781 to
1821; but very soon after the latter year new errors
began to show themselves, which have gone on in-
creasing to the present time. It was now evident that
the ancient observations had been rejected on in-
sufficient grounds, and that from some unknown cause
the theory was in fault. Were the tables calculated inac-
curately? The difference between observation and theory
(amounting in 1841 to 96 mins. of geocentric longitude),
was too great, and Bouvard's calculations were made
with too much care, to allow of this explanation. The
effect of small terms neglected in the calculation of the
perturbations caused by Jupiter and Saturn, could not be
supposed to bear any considerable proportion to the ob •
served amount of error. This state of the theory sug-
gested to several astronomers the idea of disturbances,
caused by an undiscovered planet more distant than
Uranus. But there is no evidence of this hypothesis
having been put to the test of calculation previous to
1843. The usual problem of perturbations is to find the
disturbing action of one body on another, by knowing
the positions of both. Here an inverse problem, hitherto
untried, was to be solved; viz., from known disturbances
of a planet in known positions, to find the place of the
disturbing body at a given time. Mr. Adams, Fellow of
St. John's College, showed me a memorandum made in
1841, recording his intention of attempting to solve
this problem as soon as he had taken his degree
of B.A. Accordingly, after graduating in January,
1843, he obtained an approximate solution by sup-
posing the disturbing body to move in a circle
at twice the distance of Uranus from the sun. The
result so far satisfied the observed anomalies in the
motion of Uranus, as to induce him to enter upon an
exact solution. For this purpose he required reduced
observations, made in the years 1818-1826, and re-
quested my intervention to obtain them from Greenwich.
The Astronomer Royal, on my application, immediately
supplied (Feb. 15, 1845), all the heliocentric errors of
Uranus in longitude and latitude, from 1754 to 1830,
completely reduced. Mr. Adams was now furnished
with ample data from observation, and his next care was
to ascertain whether Bouvard's theoretical calculations
were correct enough for his purpose. He tested the
accuracy of the principal terms of the perturbations
caused by Jupiter and Saturn, and concluded that the
small terms which Bouvard had nut taken into account,
would not sensibly affect the final results, the chief of
them being either of long period, or of a period nearly
equal to that of Uranus. Besides which he introduced
into the theory several corrections which had been de•
rived from observation and calculation by different astro-
nomers, since 1821. The calculations were completed
in 1845. In September of that year Mr. Adams placed
in my hands a paper containing numerical values of the
mean longitude at a given epoch, longitude of perihelion,
eccentricity of orbit, mass, and geocentric longitude,
September 30, of the supposed disturbing planet, which
he calls by anticipation, " the New Planet," evidently
showing the conviction in his own mind of the reality
of its existence. Towards the end of the next month, a
communication of results slightly different was made to
the Astronomer Royal, with the addition of what was
far more important, viz., a list of the residual errors of
he mean longitude of Uranus, for a period extending
'rom 1690 to 1840, after taking account of the disturb-

/~ !~ ~"

/~

THE NEW PLANET.

The deputation being seated, Sir Denis Le Marchant
opened the case, and read to the President of the Board
of Control a memorial of a meeting of the merchants,
manufacturers, &c., represented by the deputation, in
which the great evils of the India Company s monopoly
of the manufacture of salt, and the oppressive method in
which the duty is levied on imported salt, were fully set
forth. Sir Denis likewise handed in the resolutions passed
at a recent public meeting at Manchester, declaratory of
the determination of the manufacturers of that city to
appeal to Parliament against the monopoly.
Mr. Thomas Greenshields followed Sir Denis Le
Marchant with an exposition of the (so-called) bonding
system in force in the principal Indian ports, showing
how completely it operated to check the exportation of
salt from this country, and to give to the East India
Company extensive command of the market.
Mr. D. C. Aylwin (of the firm of Aylwin and Co.,
Calcutta) entered into a complete detail of the various
ways in which the virtual possession of the monopoly
affected the commerce, the manufactures, and the ship-
ping of this country, and the health, comfort, and ad-
vancement in civilization of the natives of India. Mr.
Aylwin likewise illustrated the absurdity and inconsis-
tency of the bonding process, by describing a case of re-
cent occurrence at Madras.
Mr. Montague Fielden, on behalf of the merchants
and manufacturers of Blackburn and its visinity, pro-
tested against the monopoly, upon the broad ground of
its inconsistency with the welfare of the people of India.
He cast aside all minor considerations, and maintained
that upon the great principle of the right of the meanest
subject to participate in the blessings of free trade, the
East India Company should be altogether prohibited
from manufacturing salt, or imposing a duty upon so
essential an article of food.
Mr. Rufford showed how deeply concerned the Wor-
cestershire salt trade was in the alteration of the system
under which a duty was now levied upon salt sent from
this country.
Mr. Ridley, of the London Shipowners' Association,
met the allegation of the Company (advanced on some
former occasion), that there was not available tonnage
for all the salt that would be required from this country
for the supply of India, by declaring, on the contrary,
there was a superabundance, and that the enterprise and
ingenuity of the shipowner would always discover means
of meeting a deficiency, could such a contingency by any
possibility arise.
Mr. Shipton explained to the President that the port
of Gloucester, which, in its comparative infancy, stood
much in need of fostering assistance, would be largely
benefited by be coming one of the channels for the ex-
port of Worcestershire salt.
Mr. Shawcross. while sympathising with the mer-
chants who confined their present prayer to the enforce-
ment of a bonding system analogous to that in opera-
tion in Great Britain, stated it to be the firm impression
of the Manchester merchants, manufacturers, &c., that
the only adequate remedy for the evils of the monopoly
was its total extinction. Manchester regarded the tax
upon salt as a cruel impost, for which the necessity of
raising revenue afforded no kind of reasonable excuse.

A s. d
Beaver Taglionis, from •••••••• " '• • • • • .......... .• . 010 6
Choefstweritinteeldrscaonatid C..od..r.in. c..tons ••'•" • • •• . description
Pashas, D'Orsays. and Chesterfields, and every
.... 1 5 0
Towreesesd
eToraotuss.e.rs , lined.
.. . . . . . . .
..... .
.. . .
...... , , 41
85
60
•'
„.••••••
6
• .... ......
Bays' Winter Coats, in every style and inalte.• • • • , •
.• • 0 4 6
0 10 6
Doeskin
? Frocko:: liClou'ias:st :sa.e.rr.
••••••••••••••••••. ............
•••
....
••••••••••••
.... ••••••••
Doable-breasted C0at5..........
.... .. ........ •••'••• '' • ' " • P 15S 0
and.. Trousers
Tunic . :
Suits . : : : : :..
• • • • • • • • " • ' • • • : : ~
• 00 31 2
6
DimttoouVmesintsg
to any extent iti:ll:v:a rniti.u.i..e.s:
notice.. ..
.
. . .. •

ing effect of the supposed planet. This comparison of
observation with the theory implied the determination
of all the unknown quantities of the problem, both the
corrections of the elements of Uranus, and the eh ments
of the disturbing body. The smallness of the residual
errors proved that the new theory was adequate to the
explanation of the observed anomalies in the motion of
Uranus, and that as the error of longitude was corrected
for a pericd of at least 130 years, the error of radius
vector was also corrected. As the calculations rested on
an assumption, made according to Bode's law, that the
mean distance of the disturbing planet was double that
of Uranus, without the above-mentioned numerical veri.
fication, no proof was given that the problem was solved,
or that the elements of the supposed planet were not
mere speculative results. The earliest evidence of the
complete solution of an inverse problem of perturbations
is to be dated from October, 1845.
Although the comparison of the theory with observa-
tion proved synthetically that the assumed mean dis-
tance was not very far from the truth, it was yet desir-
able to try the effect of an alteration of the mean dis-
tance. Mr. Adams accordingly went through the same
calculations as before, assuming a mean distance some-
thing less than the double of that of Uranus, and ob-
tained results which indicated a better accordance of the
theory with observation, and led him to the conclusion,
which has since been confirmed by observation, that the
mean distance should be still farther diminished. This
second solution, taken iu conjunction with the first, may
be considered to relieve the question of eve ry kind of
assumption. The new elements of the disturbing body,
and the results of comparing the observed with the
theoretical mean longitudes of Uranus, were communi-
cated to the Astronomer Royal at the beginning of Sep-
tember, 1846. These were accompanied by numerical
values of errors of the radius vector, the Astronomer
Royal having inquired, after the reception of the first
solution, whether the error of radius vector, known to
exist from observation, was explained by this theory. It
would be wrong to infer that Mr. Adams was not pre-
pared to answer this question till he had gone through
the second solution. Errors of radius vector were as
readily deducible from the first solution as from the
other.
The preceding details are intended to point out the
circumstances which led astronomers to suspect the ex-
istence of an additional body of the solar system, and
the theoretical reasons there were for undertaking to
search for it. No one could have anticipated that the
place of the unknown body was indicated with any
degree of exactness b) a theory of this kind. It might
reasonably be supposed, without at all mistrusting the
evidence which the theory gave of the existence of the
planet, that its position was determined but roughly,
and that a search for it must necessarily be long and
laborious. This was the view I took, and consequently
I had no thought of commencing the search in 1845, the
planet being considerably past opposition at the time
Mr. Adams completed his calculations. The succeeding
interval to Midsummer of 1846 was a period. of great
astronomical activity, the planet Astrsea, Biela's double
comet, and several other comets, successively demanding
attention. During this time I had little communication
with Mr. Adams respecting the new planet. Attention
was again called to the subject by the pub-
lication of M. Leverrier's first researches in
the Cornpte liendu for June 1, 1846. At a
meeting at the Greenwich Board of Visitors, held on
June 29, at which I was present, Mr. Airy announced
that M. Leverrier had obtained very nearly the same
longitude of the supposed planet, as that given by Mr.
Adams. On July 9, I received a letter from Mr. Airy,
in which ho suggested employing the Northumberland
Telescope in a systematic search for the planet, offering,
at the same time to send an assistant from Greenwich,
in case I declined undertaking the observations. This
letter was followed by another, dated July 13, contain-
ing suggestions respecting the mode of conducting the
observations, and an estimation of the amount of work
they might be expected to require. In my answer,
dated July 18, I signified the determination I had come
to of undertaking the search. Various reasons led me
to this conclusion. I had already, as Mr. Adams can
testify, entertained the idea of making these observa-
tions ; the most convenient time for commencing them
was now approaching ; and the confirmation of Mr.
Adams's theoretical position by the calculations of M.
Leverrier appeared to add very greatly to the probabi-

Sir John Hobhouse having asked hose, in the face of
such a bonding system as that complained of, large ex-
portations of salt bad been made during the last year—
the President was answered by Mr. Greenshields, Mr.
Rufford, and Mr. Robert Falk, that the exports had been
made experimentally, in the hope that the late Govern-
ment would have caused the East India Company to
alter their regulations ; but that all those exports had
ended in loss, and not another ounce of salt would be
sent until the trade was placed upon a fair footing.
Sir John Hobhouse then intimated that he would luy
the whole matter before his colleagues in the Cabinet,
for their early consideration. He could not hold out any
immediate expectation that the East India Company
would be induced readily to surrender 11,300,0001. of
ely
as was an-
nualsup-
revenue, but he would
i see that the bonding system
3r: instructions,ctbe done which the case, on
was immediately inquired into. The India Board being
Conti oiling power, he
ap
o couldseconcurrentdd.
nb not
tt
iesyseur
ye t ratherhpienrtg,h,
peremptory
otaourdl
consideration, appeared to demand. The Etta. India
Company had already sent out a dispatch to their Go-
vernment in India upon the subject, but he was not at
liberty to disclose the nature of the communication.
Mr. Stocqueler having. asked when the salt merchants
might hope for a decision on the question, Sir John an.
swered, that no time should be lost, consistently with the
ordinary claims upon the time of the Cabinet, in coming
to a conclusion, and meanwhile, he would be very happy
to sea and confer with any members of the deputation
who might wish to see him.
The deputation then retired.

Full Pros6,ectuses, containing the names of the Provisional Direc-
tors, and Members of the Company, may be obtained ; and applica-
tions for Shares (which must be in the prescribed forms), may be
made to the Secretary of the Company, at the temporary offices, 3,
Crown-c urt, Old Broad- street, London.

DRAWING-ROOM, LIBRARY, and DIN-
ING-ROOM ORNAMENTS in ITALIAN ALABASTER,
BRONZE, MAIDILE, and DERBYSHIRE SPAR. consisting of
Groups, Vases, Figures, beautiful inlaid Tables, Watch. stands, Can-
dlesticks, Obelisks, Inkstands, Paperweights, &c., chiefly copied from
the antique, and imported by J. TENNANT, late Mawe, 149, Strand,
London.
J. Tennant has an extensive assortment of Shells, Minerals, and
Fossils, and arranges elementary Collections to facilitate the study of
Conchology. M net alogy, or Geology, from 2 to 50 guineas each ; he
also gives Private Instruction in Mineralogy.

MADE TO MEASURE.
Winter Coats, warranted waterproof, made to any style'• 1 5 °
handsomely trimmed ......................
Milled Cloth Coats, trimmed, velvet, collar and cuffs, lined 2
Tweed Overcoats. ..............., ........ .. ... • • • 018 0
Tweed Trousers .... .............. ...
.................... 0 8 6,,
Winter Trousers, in all the most approved French patterns 1 2 0
Best Dress Trousers .......... „ , ..................... 1 6 0
Dress Coats .......• ............ „ „ .... ..
.. ..
..., 1 2 12 0
Best quality made ••••••.. • • • • • • .
Frock Coats ........... ..... „ .................
....... 1 15 0
Best quality made .... ...... ...................„. „.. 3 3 0
Fancy Vests ..... ....... ..... ............ ............. co 8 6
Satin, plain or fancy ..........., „ ............
0 12 0
Boys' Hussar and Tunie Suits ....
Observe.—Any article purchased, ready made, or made to mea-
sure, if not approved of, will be ezchanged, or if preferred, the
money returned.

INFLUENZA, CuUGIIS, AND COLDS.
IAICO'S ESSENCE of LINSEED is the moat
efficacious remedy ever discovered for the relief of persons suf
fcring from irtluvuza ; the two first doses generally arrest the pro-
gress of this distressing complaint, and a little perseverance com-
pletely removes it. Children's coughs, as well as recent ones in
adults, will be removed by a few doses (Inquently by the first), and
asthmatic persons, who previously had not been able to lie down in
bed, have received the utmost benefit from the use of Simeo's
Essence of Linseed.
Sad by all Medicine Vendors, in bottles at Is. I%cl. and 2s. Col
each.

E. MOSES and SON, Tailors, Woollendrapers, Clothiers, hatters,
Hosiers, Furriers, and General Outfitters, for Ladies and Gentlemen,
154, 155, and 156, 157 Minories, and 83, 84, 85, and 86 Aldgate,
(lity, London.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS The following
gentlemen having undergone the necessary
fur the diploma of this
College, were last nightden,
members of that institution, viz.:—Messrs. Joseph
h, IT
Finucane, Kingstown, Dublin; James Johnston Mit•
chell, Bath; Thomas Armstrong Cammack, Spalding,
examinationsadmitted
Lincolnshire;sh ll; Thomas Keavin,
Dublin; William Bellhouse Midwood, Manchester; and
Thomas William Nunn, Royston, Cambridgeshire. At
the
same meeting of the Court of Examiners, Messrs.
ire;\viliia
m HenryHeny
Denton i'altDb Coningsby, Lincoln'
Alexander Robertson and Evan Evans passed for naval
surgeons: these gentlemen's diplomas, as members of
the same College, are dated, the former August 31st,
1840, the latter April 29th, 1842. Mr. Francis Clunie
Sibbald also passed for rvoral assistant.
A WINDFALL.7—Thomas Keaf, an Irishman, em-
ployed as a labouring hand on our railroad, last week
received intelligence, in an authentic shape, that he was
the inheritor of an estate in the Emerald Isle to the
amount of 13,0001. or 60,000 dollars. After reading the
letter, Thomas picked up his old coat, it is said, and
gave it a sling as far as he could off the dock, then, call .
ing his fellow-countrymen, told them of his good for-
tune, and " put them all through," without stopping to
count costs. He starts for Ireland, we learn, this week,
—American paper.

• -
TILE BEST _REMEDY FOIL INDIG,,,STION.
NORTON'S CAMOMILE PILLS
are confidently recommended as a simple but certain remedy
to all who suffer from Indigestion, Sick Headaeho, Bilieus and Live
Complaints ; they act as a powerful tonic and gentle aperient, impar
ins trength to the stomach, and composure to the nervous system,
Sold in bottles at Is. I Mid., 2s. 9d., and Ils. each, in every town in
the kingdom.
CAUTION.—Be sore to ask for " NORTON'S FILLS," and do sot
bt snupsted to purcltalt tut Imitation.

Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the
public against impostors, but have learned that the untradesman-
like falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern,
has been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons.
They have no connexion with any other home in or out of London;
and those who desire genuine and cheap clothing, &c., should call at,
or send to, Minories and Aldgate, City, London.
Notice.—No business transacted at this establishment from sun-
set Friday, till sunset Saturday, when business s resumed till twelve
o'clock
The entrance to the flu* department Is at 13, Aldg4te, CONIer of the
Morita stud Aldgete, opposite the obureb.

`,77

ll'

,
.•-..,,r , . . . . . . i
, _i / i , 1
•
A A 4
. ...,N, --i n . •
. '-'. ;ri -.as -"'• - - 4 . --Paiti#
, - .n..... ',...•qt ' $ - • - '. 'lt, i a . -,,c.. at 1 . 1e.44, . 1, •
. -.-•
~.
4,15.40,;,- - 6‘'
. .
.:_ +.1..,rs •
„,,,., ,• • : ,
......_04.1, c,- :___,-..z:. t x.k...‘it: % ,c, „,- ri•l \N
__Mak
.. 1. :'. `.
. - -N. ,-, .
• ‘, , ••••rm.• • ...1 , ..., .
. , i4l ''. ' ' ,
Ikie"_, • 74' ••• ' ','" . - 'f, ..-, • - 11',,i 1, -Wil 1 -1,---'A .:..---7r -: ag ,- - , -R, " )
. -
‘ ~.o, , r., zt, ~..„ .., ,
1 _ '4% " ':•••'-, ..1 • 4F, ~...•,_ or
.: - I LP ••••• ..,'„,:,- • ,J•4'l' -,1" *. -, ' ilx-2- 'Tr ' .4'7 ...1 '. -i
-.
..„.. ,
(0111-1-111:2 . 4: / ~,, • +
: • 1
-
IV •\
--,.-,;„_
Li.,..A...44,11." ' ' DiE .0" ..` ',' --'-•—•1411477-4- • vl's• DROITA\
. -4,-.' 4. ' * VifOr .'‘
Y,,,,r>./ • ' i . .13 u..
--.: _

LONDON, MONDAY MORNING f SIT Ny DECEMBER 21, 1846,

~-r ~~

PRICE SD.

lity of success. I had no answer to make to Mr. Airy's
offer of sending an assistant, as I understood the accept-
ance of it to imply the relinquishing on my part of the
undertaking.

I have now to speak of the observations. The plan of
operations was formed mainly on the suggestions con
tamed in Mr. Airy's note of July 13th. It was recom-
mended to sweep over three times at least, a zodiacal
belt 30 deg. long and 10 deg. broad, having the theore-
tical place of the planet at its centre; to complete one
sweep before commencing the next; and to map the po-
sitions of the stars. The three sweeps, it was calculated,
would take 300 hours of observing. This extent of work,
which will serve to show the idea entertained of the
difficulty of the undertaking before the planet was dis-
covered, did not appear to me greater than the case re-1
quired. It will be been that the plan did not contemplate
the use of hour iii. of the Berlin star-maps, the publica-
tion of which was equally unknown at that time to Mr.
Airy and myself. It may be proper here to explain that
the construction of a good star-map requires a great
amount of time and labour both in observing and calcu-
lating, and that precisely this sort of labour must be gone
through to conduct a search of the kind I had tin-

dertaken. The stars must first be mapped before the
search can properly be said to begin. With a
map ready made, the detection of a moving body,
as it happened in this instance, might be effected on
a comparison with the heavens with a map by
mere ipspection. Not having the advantage of such
a map, I proceeded as follows. I noted down very ap-
proximately the position of all the stars to the 11th mag-
nitude that could be conveniently taken as they passed
through the field of view of the telescope, the breadth of
the field with a magnifying power of 166 being 9', and
the telescope being in a fixed position. When the stars
came thickly, some were necessarily allowed to pass
without recording their places. Wishing to include all
stars to the 11th magnitude, I proposed in going over
the same region a second time to avail myself of an
arrangement peculiar to the Northumberland Equatoreal,
the merit of inventing which is due to Mr. Airy. The
hour-circle' telescope, and polar frame, are moveable by
clock-work, which may be regulated to sidereal
time nearly. While this motion is going on, the tele-
scope and polar frame are moveable relatively to the
hour circle, by a tangent-screw apparatus, and a handle
extending to the observer's seat. This contrivance
enables the observer to measure at his leisure differences

of right ascension, however small, and therefore meets
the case of stars coming in groups. The observations
mude by this method might include all the stars it

was thought desirable to take, and therefore might
include all the stars taken in the first sweep. The
discovery of the planet would result from finding that
any star in the first sweep was not in its position in
the second sweep. If two sweeps failed in detecting the
planet among the stars of the first sweep, it might be
among the stars of the second, which would be decided
by taking a third sweep of the same kind as the second.
It will appear that this plan carried out, would not only
detect the planet if it were in the region explored, but
would also, in case of failure, enable the observer to
pronounce that it was not in that region. The second
mode of observing required the aid of my two assistants,
Mr. Morgan and Mr. Breen, in reading off and recording
the observations.

I commenced observing July 29, employing on that
day the first method, with telescope fixed. The next day
I observed according to the second method, with tele-
scope moving. On Aug. 4 the telescope was fixed as to
right ascension, but was moved in declination in a zone
of about 70 min. breadth, the intention of the observations
of that day being to record points of reference for the
zones of 9 min. breadth. On Aug. 12, the fourth day of
observing, I went over the same zone, telescope fixed,
as on July 30 with telescope moving. Soon after
Aug. 12, I compared, to a certain extent, the observations
of that day, with the observations of July 30, taken
with telescope moving; and finding, as far as I carried
the comparison, that the positions of July 30 included all
those of Aug. 12, I felt convinced of the adequacy of the
method of search I had adopted . The observations
were continued with diligence to Sept. 29, chiefly with
the telescope fixed, and were made early in right ascen-
sion, for the purpose of exploring as large a space as
possible before I should be compelled to desist by the
approach of daylight. On Oct. 1, I heard that the pla-
net was discovered by Dr. Galle, at Berlin, on Sept. 23.
I had then recorded 3,150 positions of stars, and was
making preparations for mapping them. The following
results were obtained by a discussion of the observations
after the announcement of the discovery.

On continuing the comparison of the observations of
July 30 and August 12, I found that No. 49, a star of
the Bth magnitude in the series of Aug. 12 was wanting
in the series of July 30. According to the principle of
the search, this was the planet. It had wandered into the
zone in the interval between July 30 and Aug. 12. I had
not continued the former comparison beyond No. 39, pro-
bably from the accidental circumstance that aline was there
drawn in the memorandum book in consequence of the in-
terruption of the observations by a cloud. After ascertain-
ing the place of the planet on Aug. 12, I readily inferred
that it was also among the reference stars taken on
August 4. Thus, after four days of observing, two posi-
tions of the planet were obtained. This is entirely to

be attributed-to my having, on those days, directed-the
telescope towards the planet's theoretical place, according
to instructions given in a paper Mr. Adams had the
kindness to draw up for me, I would also beg to call
attention to the fact that, after August 12, the planet
was discoverable by a closet comparison of the observa-
tions, a method of observing, depending upon novel and
ingenious mechanism, having been adopted, by which I
could say of each star, to No. 48, " This is not a planet,"
and of No. 49, " This is a planet." I lost the opportu
nity of announcing the discovery, by deferring the dis-
cussion of the observations, being much occupied with
reductions of comet observations, and little suspecting
that the indications of theory were accurate enough to
give a chance of discovery in so short a time. On Sept.
29, I saw, for the first time, the communication pre-
sented by M. Leverrier to the Paris Academy on Aug.
31. I was much struck with the manner in which the

author limits the field of observation, and-with his re-
commending the endeavour to detect the planet by its
disc. Mr. Adams had already told me that, according
to his estimation, the planet would not be less bright
than a star of the ninth magnitue. On the same even-
ing I swept a considerable breadth in declination, be-
tween the limits of right ascension marked out by M.
Leverrier, and I paid particular attention to the physical
appearance of the brighter stars. Out of 300 stars,
whose positions I recorded that night, I fixed on one
which appeared to have a disc, and which proved to be
the planet. This was the third time it was observed
before the announcement of the discovery reached me.
This last observation may be regarded as a discovery
of the planet, due to the good definiton of the noble
instrument which we owe to the munificence of our
Chancellor.

From the reduced places of the planet, on Aug. 4
and Aug. 12, and from observations since its discovery,
extending to Oct. 13, Mr. Adams calculated, at my re-
quest, values of its heliocentric longitude at a given
epoch, its actual distance from the sun, longitude of
the node, and inclination of the orbit, which were pub-
lished as early as October 17. I am now diligently
observing the planet with the merician instruments, and
when daylight prevents its being seen on the meridian,
I propose carrying on the observations as long as pos•
sible with the Northumberland equatoreal, for the pur-
pose of obtaining data for a further approximation to the
elements of the orbit.

My report of proceedings relating to the planet here '
terminates. I beg permission to add a few remarks,
which the facts I have stated seem to cal: for. It will
appear by the above account that my success might have
been complete, if I had trusted more implicitly to the
indications of the theory. It must, however, be remem-
bered that I was quite in a novel position : the history,
of astronomy does not afford a parallel instance of ob-
servations undertaken entirely in reliance upon deduc-
tions from theoretical calculations, and those, too, of a
kind before untried. As the case stands, a very pro-
minent part has been taken in tie University of Cam-
bridge with reference to this extension of the boundaries
of astronomical science. We may certainly assert to be
facts, for which there is documentary evidence, that
the problem of determining, from perturbations, the
unknown place of the disturbing body, was first solved
here ; that the planet was here first sought for ; that
places of it were here first recorded, and that approxi-
mate elements of its orbit were here first deduced
from observation. And that all this may be said, is
entirely due to the talents and labours of one individual
among us, who has at once done honour to the Univer-
sity, and maintained the scientific reputation of the
country. It is to be regretted that Mr. Adams was more
intent upon bringing his calculations to perfection than
on establishing his claims to priority by early publication.
Some may be of opinion, that in placing before the first
astronomer of the kingdom results which showed that he
had completed the solution of the problem, and by
which he was, in a manner; pledged to the production of
his calculations, there was. as much publication as was
a
justifiable on the part of mathematician whose name
was not yet before the world, the theory being one by
which it was possible the practical astronomer might be
misled. Now that success has attended a different course,
this will probably not be the general opinion. I should
consider myself to be hardly doing justice to Mr. Adams
if I did not take this opportunity of stating, from the
means I have had of judging, that it was impossible for
any one to have comprehended more fully and clearly
all the parts of this intricate problem; that he carefully
i considered all that was necessary for its exact solution;
and that he had a firm conviction, from the results of his
calculations, that a planet was to be found.
• (Signed) J. CHALLIS.
Cambridge Observatory, Dec. 12, 1846.

MELANCHOLY DEATH OF THE "WHITEHALL MUD.
LARK."—Yesterday morning, about eight o'clock, an old
woman, who for years has obtained a living by gathering
coals in the Thames at low water, while proceeding along
Scotland-yard. dropped down in the street and suddenly
expired. The deceased, who was between 60 and 70
years of age, was well known to the coal merchants ant
watermen at Whitehall as Peggy, the Mudlark, and
many a time has she been seen up to her armpits in mud
gathering up the pieces of coal that had fallen from the
several barges. In this manner she had managed to
obtain a subsistence for herself and family for many
yeari.