The Sun.
London, England, 1870-05-18 00:00:00

PEOPLING THE UNION.

Never has been such an influx of immigration as
is now pouring into the United States ; nor is the
roll westward a mere European movement, for that
great tide carries with it into the prairies number-
has Eastern Americans. In Kansas, some weeks ago,
a thousand emigrants per diem entered the State;
within the month the rate has risen to 2,500 daily,
and it is asserted that even this overwhelming acces-
sion of population will be exceeded as the sum-
mer advances, and the wilderness described by late
travellers will, in a few years be a populous and
civilized State. Every Liverpool and Harnburgh
steamer which now reaches America goes crowded
with emigrants, and it is estimated on good autho-
rity that during May and June the arrivali in New
York will exceed 40,000. Twelve hundred Germans
left that city in a special train of the South Side
Railroad, on the 18th April, for Breslau, a new town
just founded on Long Island, about thirty-two milt s
from New York. Many wealthy Germans have en-
gaged in the enterprise of building there a German
city on a site embracing 7,000 acres, and some of
them intend erecting in it dwellings for themselves.
Virginia moves for her share, and a letter from J.
M'KAYE, President of the Virginia International
Land, Loan, and Trust Co., addressed to Governor
WALKEn, has been extensively circulated. He consi-
ders immigration to be t he bestmeans of re-establish-
ing the social and material prosperity of Virginia. In
natural advantages, that State is, he says, the most
highly favoured of the Union ; such, for instance,
as in geographical position, in climate and soil, in
watercourses and mipes. Though the oldest settled
State, still two-thirds of its arable land lie fallow,
and, inquiring into the reason, he arrives at the con-
clusion that Virginia is simply famishing for new
blood. Then comes the question, How can settlers
be best attracted ? By offering, answers Mr
APKATE, greater inducements than are offered else-
where ; no difficult task where Nature has done so
much. But t.hereis an obst tele at the threshold, which
must be removed ;—the lands of Virginia adapted
for settlement are mostly the property of private
owners ; they are unsurveyed, undivided, and the
owners without co-operation and experience of what
is required to supply themselves with the means
of bringing the attractions of their properties be-
fore emigrants in Europe. Mr. APICAvE suggests
a Joint-Stock Company, and with this view the
Investment Land, Loan, and Trust has been incor-
porated ; but it is essential that the proprietors of
the soil should co-operate by capitalizing their un-
occupied land in its shares. Then the company
will survey, divide, and make the lots ready for set-
tlement, when the great stream of immigration
w,ll cease wholly to flow past that oil and highly-
favoured State. A contract has been concluded
with the Norfolk and Gre tt Western Railroad for
500,000 acres ; and if the landowners will join,
within five years Virginia will be pushed at least
half a century ahead of what it could otherwise
have attained. New Yorkers begin to find that the
char acter of the immigration is changing. There
are more English and Scotch ; more agriculturists ;
families with more means and a higher intelligence ;
and naturally this affords satisfaction to the citizens.
We have no desire to decry Irish immigration, for
the labour of Irish hands has accomplished a great
work in America, as in other parts of the world.
But we would not be truthful if we did not state
that that benefit has been accompanied by an unde-
niable evil. With the Irish has gone the Irish de-
mon of Faction, while Irish ignorance has been the
fertile source of corruption, and from both .America
has suffered. If that patrichic race would, even in

America, adopt the advice given by SYDNEY SMITH
they rejected in Ireland, of changing the cry of
"Erin-go-Bragh" into " Erin go and mend your coat,"
and " Erin go and get shoes and stockings," there
would be no better settlers ; but they will not,
adhering to their poetry and romance, at the ex-
pense of their coats and their shoes. Most of the
better class of new settlers are bound for Virginia.
A Norwegian, of Colorado, has offered to bring
into that Territory any number of his compatriots,
guaranteeing their services for a year, on payment
of their transport, $l3O each. This system would,
in all probability, be acted on to a considerable ex-
tent, but that the Legislature is likely to inter
fere, a bill having already been introduced into
the Senate with this object. The English Govern-
ment, however, are taking the most effectual sieps t o
supply the United States with skilled labour. 'lhe

Crocodile and Tamar, large transports, are to leave
for Canada with 1,200 or 1,300 emigrants gathered
from the discharged workmen of the dockyards, on
the Ist and 7th June. What the result will be pie
can learn from the drift of last year's immigration,
Of the 53,000 persons who landed in Canada dur-

ng 1869 but 13;000 remained, the 40,000 finding,
their wav across the border into the United States,
HORACE GREELEY uses this with effect in sup-
port of bis protection theories. Indeed, to us it ap-
pears a verystrongpoint, for we consider such a good
hard material fact worth any amount of opinions
and crotchets. Still the reason is very simple; the
better land will be given the perference, though it
be ft reign, and the country dearer to live in. The

immigration at Boston tells the same tale as in
New Yol k —the preponderance of English. For the
first quarter the number was 3,114, winter being
the dead period, yet this is an increase of 663 over

the corresponding period of last year; Lut 1,200
arrived during the first ten days of Aptil. The
nationality of the quarter's immigration was in the
proportion of 1,007 English to 979 Irish. We re-

joice, both for the sake of America and of England,
that the tide has at last turned. We believe that
the importance of the event is as yet little under-
stood in either country, but more especially in Eng-

[and, where, indeed, great efforts have been made
bo stop that emigration or to divert it. Next week

we will endeavour to point out some of the results

likely to flow. The Union Colony in Colorado, on
a co-operative colonising plan, which we described

some months ago, is regarded as a success, and
finds many imitators. For instance, a hundred
persons left New York for Colorado on the 2d
April, and a company formed for organising that
system of settlement in the Territory has had the
fares over the Erie Road reduced from $125 to $63
67c. The new German town in Long Island is also
based on the same principle of co-operation.

The Message conveying the intelligence that
the Darien Canal surveying expedition have not been
able to find a practical route across the Isthmus was in-
dicated by the mail news via New York. The party had
reached Chucunaque River before April 11, to which date
the papers from Caledonia. Bay had been received, and
the telegraph had been laid nine miles. A. canal by that
route was impracticable, as there was a hill 1,180 feet
high, which could not be flanked. The Nipsic was at
Srsardi Bay, and her party had penetrated nine miles,
and were still moving along, but over obstacles which
made it certain that nothing could be achieved in that
direction. The Guard was to join the Nipsic, and re-
main two weeks, but in the event of failure the
search would be transferred to San Bias, which would
bring them much nearer to the Panama Railroad.
Signor Quesada sent by Columbia to accompany the expe-
ditiot., reports that the distance from the Atlantic
Coast to the Cordillera by the course of the river
Caledonia is six miles. The height is 150 feet,, but the
summit of the Cordillera is 1,200, while on the Pacific side
the altitude of its foot is 700 feet : and in the six miles
examined of the river Chucuti an extensive valley was
perceived running towards the Pacific, where the low
level necessary for the canal may be kund. The Chu-
cuti Valley is being explored, after which the Sasardi line,
the San Bias, and the Madinga will, be examined; perhaps
even the Chagres route. The survey had not been com-
pleted, but enough appears to have been ascertained to
show that a canal cannot be constructed across the Isthmus
4.1 Darien.

FATAL FIRE AT A P iRAFFIN SHOP.
Yesterday morning a fire, which occasioned the death
of a boy thirteen years of age, broke out at the shop of
dealer in paraffin and oil at Kingston. The shop is the
property of a Mr. George Drawater, who also keeps a
public-house close by, where he lives' with his faraiih
leaving a man and boy in charge t
of the oil shop.
A few minutes before two o'clock the policeman on the bea
saw smoke issuing from the shop. He gave the a' and
and the Kingston and Surbiton fire-engines
fire-escape were soon on the spot, but the flames spreaa
with terrific rapidity, and althoug'h the man was r
the boy was burned to death. His body was found after
a while in a most shocking condition. The fe4urr
were completely destroyed, and could not be ideutifie. ;
and the whole body was charred and burnt to a frightful!
degree. The paraffin was removed before the flames'
reached it. The stock in hand, it is said, was not eerl7.
t
so great as usual, owing to the 'demand being less a
escued,
time of the year ; still, there was sufficient to ha,'
shattered the adjacent houses if it had exploded.

While Massachusetts and other. States are
punishing as criminals prizefighters, who, in the exercir
of their vocation infringe the law, special telegrams
the Atlantic Cable, are forwarded to England of a great
fight for the championship of America, between James
Mace and Tom Allen. Ten rounds were fought near eW
Orleans, on Tuesday, lasting 44 minutes, when Tole
Allen, severely punished, and his shoulder dislocated, Wag
knocked out of time, and Mace was declared the
winner.
The New York Herald notices, under a headilig
' The Force of Example,'? that two boys employed by the
Erie Railway Company had swindled the company out of
$273. There has been nothing more cf interest abort
Erie except an indictment by the Grand Jury in Ncvi
Jersey against Messrs. Fisk, Gould, and Fuller, on
the
complaint of certain express companies that the defendants
had c nspired to injure and destroy their business. Tile,
Wall-street Journal insists that Mr. Burt was a very bad
that
selection on the part of the English snareholders,
had the affair been properly managed, what it calls the
most corrupt, shameless, and brazen legislature with w
the State of New York has over been cursed, would not
have dispersed as it did, April 26, without returning the
road to the proprietors.
the
The news by cable from Canada tells of the dan-
gerous illness of Sir John A. Macdonald, Prime
and
Minister. Ile had announced a change in the boundaries
of Manitoba. which was to include Portaget Prairie,
making up the population to 17,000, and the Bill, 38
amended, has passed the Dominion Rouse of Commous
while its Parliament had passed the Tariff Bill. The
emigrants, arriving in numbers, found ready mph)) meritat good wages. The military expedition was to proceed to
Winnipeg, notwithstanding the pacific solution
difficulty ; nor is the action of the Provisional Govern"
ment at Fort Garry reconcilable with peace. for they aro
sweating in officials, and drawing up a 'constitution with-
out reference to the Bill, though they profess to recognize
Bay
Company supremacy of the British Crown. The Iludson '1
Company had acknowledged the recei t of £300,000 from
the Canadian Government, the sum due on the surrender
of their rights. of the
A grand park is to be formed in San Francisco,
for which $250,000 have been set aside. The reserva-
tion is an oblong track more than three miles long, and
half a mile wide, containing nearly 1,000 acres, and run
ni, gto the sea. The arable laud consists of about 250
acres at the eastern end, that towards the ocean being
sand drift. It lies outside the charter lino of the city,
the grand entrance avenue opening on Baker-street, be-
tween Fell and Oak-streets. The Grand Avenue leads
through the heart of a beautiful wood. d valley of 7.i acres,
and a pretty little lake lies within the eastern end of the
reservation, the surface of the ground there being gently
undulating. ' Magnificent ocean views are afforded, 1131
likewise of the City and Bay.
With this month New York commenced its
annual flitting front house to house : everybody packing
up his wife, family, and household goods, and moving to
another house, in obedience to a well established American
custom which causes much discomfort and expense. pre-
sently another move will become general over the
country to watering places, the rounds and rendezvous
of tourists. Newport is busy preparing ; so are Satoga,
Long Reach, and other places. The President and
his family have made arrangements for spending the
summer at Newport, and the demand is great for

cottages, which are now more sought than hotel accom:

modation. Mr. James Fisk, jun., has secured a handsome
house. The Vice-President and aro his family likewise ex-
ected. Some beautiful cottages are being built, and at
great cost; indeed, many range from £10,• 00 to £l5, t'''•
Those f ex-Governor Morgan and the Hon. L. Morton
are being altered; the latter gen tleman,by the way,is in Lon •
don. Saratoga is as busy, where theie are now 10,0- 0
permanent inhabitants, to bo temporally increased during
the summer, when fine shops open on all sides, being
simply transferred from Broadway, and dm:ing the season
the rents are as high as in the great New York thorough-
fare.

A Bill has been submitted in the Senate to make

the introduction of people kto the United States under
, labour contracts unlawful. It is designed to put a stop.
to Koopmanchap proceedings ; but it is said tura it will
affect, if passed, the labour contracts now being made•in
Europe for many Southern States. When it is borne in
mind that slavery in the United States commenced by,
what was supposed to be the harmless transfer as appren-
tices of 100 "niggers" or so by a Dutch trader, who lied
stolen them, to Virginia planters, who really did not want
them, an idea may be formed how sensitive Americanse
are of any scheme which looks like a recommencement (74
the system.
An American claims for the late Dr. Morton, of
oston, the first ap Ecation f £other as an anesthetic, and
the first exhibition of its effect in surgical operations for the
Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, ct. 1 1546
Another awards the merit to Dr. Jackson, whose pupil Dr"
Morton was. The late Sir J. Simpson did not use chloroform
in Britain till nearly a ear after, although its first aPP
cation is due to him. Another writer tells how Sir Jame:
answered Calvinists, who objected that checking pain
contravening the decree of the Creator, by saying that the
reator, during the process of extracting the rib from
Adam, must necessarily have adopted a somewhat corre-
sponding artifice—" for did not God th ow Adam into
deep sleep ?"

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