The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 8, 1846.

chair), the DukeofMontrose, Earl Morton, Lord Clanwilliam,
and the Marquis of Abercorn, assembled this morning.
The object of the Bill before the Committe is to unite the
Great North of England Railway with the City of Glasgow,
by means of a junction line which leads from the terminus
of the Leeds and Thirsk Railway, at that place. to a union
with the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway at Clifton, a little
below Penrith.

Lord Beaumont was called to show the general utility of
the line, on a portion of which he himself holds considerable
property, not far from Bedale. He spoke to the value and
extent of the mineral beds lying under the district.
Mr. Fulton, the engineer, described the general course of
the line, which is intended to pass by Bedale, Leyburn,
Kirkby Stephen, near Appleby, by Clifton, at which place
it would get on the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway.
Mr. Wordsworth appeared for a gentleman of the name of
Beresford, who is tenant in remainder of an estate on the line.
On re-examination, the witness stated that there were 13
miles, with a gradient of one in a hundred, and the gradients
in every respect were better than those on the Caledonian
Railway.
Mr. eubitt, the Government engineer, stated that he was
the consulting engineer of the line; that he was well ac-
quainted with the country, and had gone over it with
the last witness. The country is certainly difficult, and he
thought the line as devised by Mr. Bolton to be very
skilfully laid out. He conceived that the estimates
were sufficient for the works, and the works light for the
country.
Mr. John Tattershall, an agent for six mines in Yorkshire,
stated that the company for which he acted takes the mine-
rals in Lord Beaumont's estate, which is situated in Wens-
leydale. From these mines large quantities of calomine, or
carbonate of zinc, are drawn—this mineral produces the
zinc of commerce. Barytes also of a very pure
quality is found, so pure as to produce 96. k per cent. Large
quantities of sulphuret of zinc are also obtained, and consi-
derable MASSC3 of it are now lying on the tramroad waiting
for carriage. There is also a large bed of ironstone, which
crops out to the surface, and is of so pure a quality as to
produce 38 per cent. of iron ; indeed there is a bed 22
inches thick of nearly pure ore. There is also a
considerable bed of ironstone on Lord Thanet's
estate, which is situate in the neighbourhood.
The iron produced from this ore is better than the boiling
iron, which is esteemed the best in the district. There are
also pits for common flagstone, which at present are indif-
ferently worked from the want of the means of transit,
although it is of such excellent quality as to be dug in slabs
of more than twenty feet square, and of such tenacity
as to bear its own weight. There are also con-
siderable seams of coal, particularly adapted to the
smelting of iron, and the reduction of lime. In searching for
this coal considerable quantities of iron pyrites have been
discovered, which are largely used in the manufacture of
sulphuric acid, the extent of the consumption of which, ac-
cording to Professor Liebig, constitutes the criterion of the
' civilisation of a people.
Mr. WORDSWOR.TH was about to cross- examine, when the
Noble Chairman inquired the precise status of the Learned
Counsel in the case, when it was explained that although in
their own merits the cases of the landowners are weak, yet
from the passing of the North-Western Railway Bill they
were made strong, and ought to be entertained.
The Committee ultimately decided that the attendance of
counsel was unnecessary, premising themselves to watch the
case.

Witnesses were then called to show the value of Wensley-
dale lime for agricultural purposes.
Mr. Solid, chief clerk to Messrs. Gee and Co., shipowners
at Hull, who draw large quantities of goods from the west of
Scotland, stated that they now cost for carriage from Glas-
gow to Hull, 21. 7s. 10d. a ton, partly by rail and partly by
water. By the Caledonian and other railways the
expense would be 445. 2d., leaving a clear saving
of 3s. Bd. a ton, besides the saving of time. From
Carlisle to Hull by the present road they cost 375. Gd. a ton,
and by the new route it would only be 275. 3d., making a
saving of something more than ten shillings a ton on light
goods, the difference being occasioned by the goods being
sent in the first instance to Carlisle, and thence to Newcastle,
whence they were carried by steam to Hull.
To Earl MORTON the witness replied that he had made no
comparison of the respective expenses of carriage by the
several lines of railway.
Other witnesses were called to confirm the testimony pre-
viously given, when the traffic tables were preferred, but they
were declined as unnecessary.
This closed that case.

Lord SOMERS declared the opinion of the Committee to be
that the preamble was not proved.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.
GROUP XVII.
MANCHESTER AND SOUTHAMPTON, AND
SOUTH-WESTERN (ROVISEY AND RED-
BRIDGE BRANCH).

Mr. HILL (in continuation from our Afternoon Edition of
yesterday) referred at great length to other matters in con-
nexion with the railway communication of the district, pro-
posed to be traversed by the line, and to figures, to show that
neither the line to Andover, nor the other portion, could be
made in the time stated on account of the small amount of
capital which the promoters proposed to call, he concluded by
imploring the Committee to reject the preamble of the Bill,
on the ground that the traffic did not justify its construction,
and that the wants of the district would be fully met by the
lines sanctioned by Parliament. The address of the Learned
Gentleman occupied nearly five hours and a half.
The Committee then adjourned until twelve to-morrow.

STANDING ORDERS' COMMITTEE.
HOUSE OF LORDS.
Their Lordships met at the usual hour this morning, in
Room No. 1 (House of Lords). Lord Shaftesbury took the
chair as usual.
The list contained ten Bills (including four which had
been adjourned from yesterday). All but one were railway
Bills.

COVENTRY, NUNEATON, BIRMINGHAM, AND
LEICESTER.
The Committee declared the standing orders complied with
in this case.
LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM (COVENTRY TO
NUNEATON).
LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM (WEEDON AND
NORTHAMPTON BRANCII).
Both postponed till to-morrow.
NORTH WALES.
This case also stood over till to-morrow.
SHROPSHIRE UNION RAILWAY AND CANAL
(NEWTOWN TO CREWE).
Also postponed till to-morrow.

ARMAGH, COLERAINE, and PORT

RUSH RAILWAY COMPANY.

An adjourned meeting of some of the shareholders in this
company took place yesterday, at the offices of Mr. Phillips,
a solicitor, in Lawrence Pountney-lane, for the purpose of
considering what measures it would be best to pursue, in
order to compel the directors to wind up the company, and
to repay the whole of the deposits. Mr. Carter took the
chair.

A lengthened discussion arose as to the impropriety of the
directors having amalgamated with the Dublin, Belfast, and
Coleraine Company without having obtained the sanction of
the shareholders. It was urged by Mr. Phillips that the
shareholders had a perfect right, in consequence of the Com-
pany having acted in such a manner, to compel the whole of
the capital paid up by way of deposit to be returned. Several
shareholders considered that the course adopted by one
or two of their body was exceedingly improper. There had
been no attempt to ask the directors in a proper
manner to give them the requisite information.

Mr. SEYIViOUR moved a resolution to the elect that the
Company be wound up as soon as possible, and that mea-
sures should be taken to obtain the whole amount of shares.
Mr. HoorEa seconded the resolution.

After a long desultory discussion,
Mr. GALT, the secretary of the Company, on behalf of the
directors, promised that a regular meeting of the Company
would take place in due course of time, and the meeting ad-
journed to the 15th of August.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
(From the London New Price Current of July 7.)
SUGAR.-To-day the market presented a tranquil appear-
ance for all descriptions of Sugar subject to the 14s per cwt
duty, and prices are still going down, although there is not a
large quantity on offer.
REFINED.—To.day there was scarcely any demand for
Refined Sugar for home consumption, although brown lumps
according to quality could be obtained at 67s to 68s, and
standard lumps at 68s 6d to 69s per cwt. Bonded Crushed
Sugar is wanted, and former advanced rates are well sup-
ported.
MAußrms.—lmporters still refrain from offering any at
public sale, although there are further arrivals, and the bu-
siness transacted by private treaty has been extremely
limited although there are sellers upon lower terms.
EAST INDIA.—The business transacted in all kinds of Ben-
gal privately has been trifling, although merchants are wil-
ling to make some concession in prices. None has been of-
fered at auction, but there are further arrivals. Madras is
dull of sale, and can be purchased upon lower terms.
FOREIGN.—To-day there was no public sale of Foreign
Sugar; privately several inquiries existed for near ports, the
Baltic, and on speculation; but business was checked by
further advanced rates being required. Two cargoes Porto
Rico sold at 22s 6d, and one of yellow Havannah at 24s 41/ad
per cwt.
COFFEE.—This afternoon there was no public sale of any
kind of Coffee, but large parcels of Ceylon and Mocha are
declared. There was less business transacted privately, but
good ordinary pale Ceylon was not to be obtained under 42s
per cwt.
TEA.—The better descriptions of Congou have been pur-
chased with caution, but the offers made at lower rates are
rejected. Pouchong is firm in price and is wanted. Green
Tea not being pressed for sale, prices do not give way, but
there has been little business transacted.

COCOA.—For Foreign reduced rates have been submitted
to, but at auction 204 bags of Bahia were all sold at 32s to
33s per cwt for good to fine red; there is a large quantity on
offer privately. The market for West India has a dull ap-
pearance, and prices are drooping.
SPICES.—To-day Malabar Pepper was purchased with
caution, and 1,100 bags at auction were only in part sold at
the former value. Of Nutmegs 7 casks were all withdrawn.
The quarterly sales of Cinnamon are fixed for the 27th ; at
present only 134 bales are declared.
Smurrs.—To-day several pareels of Leeward Island Rum
were sold at 2s 3d, and in Calcutta a fair business was trans-
acted at is lld to 2s proof with certificate. Demerara was in
brisker demand. Fine Jamaica was more in demand, but the
lower sorts are dull of sale.

HOPS.—In consequence of further reduced rates haring
been submitted to for all kinds, buyers have been induced to
operate with more freedom, and several parcels were disposed
of. The duty for the kingdom is estimated at 130,0001. to
140,000/, and the Worcester duty at 15,000/. The accounts
come to hand from the plantations are in every respect highly
satisfactory.
RICE.—To-day Bengal Rice was much wanted, but the stiff
rates asked checked business: at public sale 15,225 bags and
1,983 pkts were offered : at one sale of 7,541 bags the whole
was taken in above their value.

SALTPETILE.—To-day rough met with attention, and
1,292 bags at auction went at stiffer rates for. Calcutta—fair
chrystal good grey 3i to 3i per cent. refraction selling at
27s to 27s 6d, but the Madras was taken in 6d above the
value—middling grey ]4ito 13 per cent at 25s per cwt.
INDlGO.—Holders of East India are not inclined to take
lower rates, although the quantity declared for public com-
petition on Tuesday next is large, amounting to 15,893
chests, but there has been little desire evinced by exporters
or the home trade to purchase any kind.
COCHINEAL —This afternoon Cochineal met with little at-
tention, and 60 bags Honduras at auction only in part sold
at former rates.

TALLOW.—Russian on the spot has been purchased with
much caution, and 41s 6d to 42s per cwt is the value of fine
P.Y. Candle. There are sellers for delivery in the last three
months of the year at 41s to 41s 6d, duty paid, but few buyers
are to be met with. The demand for Town Tallow has been
very good for present delivery at 39s 6d to 40s nett cash.
In other descriptions little has been done.
OILS—The demand has fallen off for Southern Oil—a fur-
ther fall in the value has ensued. There are sellers of Cod
upon lower•terms ; still the demand has been limited For
Seal adVanced prices are insisted upon, but the trade have
been cautious in their proceedings. For Sperm the market
has a quiet appeamce, and prices have a downward tendency.
Of Ground Nut Oil 10 hhds at auction were sold at 39s to
40s per cwt. For Linseed Oil prices have further given way,
but the demand on the spot bas been very good,
and for forward delivery several contracts have been entered
into at 24s 3d to 24s 6d, but for exportation scarcely any
purchases have been made. Rape Seed Oil is offered upon
further reduced terms; still few buyers are to be met
with. For Olive the demand has been limited, al-
though Gallipoli can be obtained at 371 lOs to 381.
Cocoa Nut is wanted, and prices rule firm. In Palm several
purchases have been made.

RAILWAY SIGNALS,•—Mr. Gregory, the engineer of
the Croydon Railway, has erected a set of signals at the
junction of the Bricklayers' Arms Branch, which are simple
and intelligible. They consist of two semaphores, which
are worked by the feet of the attendant, whose hands are
left free to work the switches, the handles of which are con-
veniently placed for that purpose. In the absence of the
attendant no trains will pass, as the signals are so contrived
that they will then indicate "danger" and "stop: It would
be imprudent, we think, to lay too much stress upon this
last peculiarity, since there would be nothing to prevent a
man, when he had reason to expect the approach of a par-
ticular train from fixing the handles in the particular posi-
t tion suitable for that train, and then absenting himself for a
time. The main security must lie in a vigilant supervision,
a well-arranged system of management, and the employment
4* steady and trustworthy men. If automatic signals and
similar contrivances be used as auxiliaries, they will prove
very useful ; if intended to dispense with the more important
requisites, they will only lead to a fallacious dependance and
to inevitable disaster.—Patent Journal.
ROMEORD.—SETTING FIRE TO A PRlSON.—Patrick
Conner a private of the II th Regiment of Foot, a deserter
from his regiment (now in the East Indies), when on
his way to the depot stationed at Chatham, was lodged in
the prison of the Liberty of Romford, on Saturday morning
last, for the day and night. About the hour of six o'clock in
the evening, fire and smoke were seen issuing from the cell
where he was confined. Upon entering it, there was a dense
body of smoke, and part of the bed and clothes were on fire.
A supply of water was procured, and the fire extinguished.
Mr. Southey, the gaoler, was much alarmed for the safety of
the premises. The prisoner will, no doubt, be committed to
the Assizes to await his trial for the offence.—lpswich Express
THE HARVEST.—The state of the pea crop has in-
duced many growers to hook them before they had become
quite ripe, in order to rescue the small produce they are likely
to yield from the ravages of the louse; and the beans do not
bear a more promising appearance. Much wheat will be
ready for the sickle by the latter end of the present week,
and 'although thin in many places, it promises a fair average
crop. Barley, this year, is later than usual, the crop varies
much, but oats are past recovery, and will be short in straw
and in produce.—Essex Herald.
THE WEATHER, &C.—Hay cutting commenced in
this district since our last, and will turn out a good return,
unless there be too much moisture for regular drying, of
which there are at present some indications. During the
week there have been copious showers and a good deal of
warmth, by which the crops have greatly benefitted. While
we have written so favourably as to the hay crop, we should
add that there is a great deficiency in the clover generally,
and that the rye-grass is more abundant. The turnips look
well, and there is every appearance of a capital crop; but
they have not as yet arrived at the critical time of the attack
of the grub. Potatoes are exceedingly good, and we hear of
no failure in this locality, in which a great breadth has been
planted. —Boss-shire Advertiser.

EPPING WOOL Fain.—This fair took place on Friday
last, and owing to the excellence of the arrangements, and
the spirit which the growers of the neighbourhood always
show in upholding it, it well maintained the business cha-
racter, and with the exception of one lot, and that belonging
to a gentleman in another county, every fleece offered was
sold. This is the second year of holding the fair under its
new arrangements, and the result shows that it is going on
prosperously; the number of fleeces thisyear was 7,865, which
is an increase of about 2,000 upon the last fair. The wool was
shown in a convenient building in the yard of the Thatched
House Inn ; and the wool-buyers present were Mr. Bell, Mr.
Waite, as the agent of Mr. Oram, the agent of Mr. Johns, and
Mr. Chaplin. The general prices were 12d. to 120. for ewe,
and 14d. to 14d. for teg wool ;in one or-two instances 15d. '
was given,but these were special lots which took them out of
the general ran.—Essex Herald.

LAW INTELLIGEN CE.
COURT OF EXCHEQUER, July 7.
(Nisi Prius Sittings at Guildhall, before Chief Baron Por.-
ZOCK and Special Juries.)
BANKS v. HILL.
This was an action by an advertising agent, carrying on
buiness at Wellington-street, in the Strand, to recover from
Charles Popham Hill, the defendant, who resides in Devon-
shire, a balance of about 1001., for advertisements of the
prospectus of the Salisbury and Leamington Railway Com-
pany, inserted in forty-three different newspapers, between
the 25th and 29th October last.
The facts connected with this project were brought before
the public in a case of "Banks v. Goode," tried some ten
days ago at Westminster Hall, when the verdict was taken
for the defendant. In the present case it appeared that the
defendant authorised his name to be inserted in "the direc-
tion," through a Mr. Downes, on the 20th October, and his
name accordingly was published in a prospectus dated the
25th October. The defendant never attended any meeting
of the committee, or acted in any manner; but on the 7th
November it was agreed to abandon the project
for the present session, and the defendant, in answer
to a letter from the secretary, wrote to say, that
if the other members of the committee subscribed their pro-
portions to defray the bond fide preliminary expenses, he
should willingly do the same. The debt in respect of which
this action was brought was incurred under the express
orders of Messrs. Weall and Berkeley, the solicitors of the
company, and who had taken an active part in establishing
it ; having, as it appeared, given indemnities to several re-
spectable persons, lytp had therefore allowed their names to
be inserted as provisional committeemen. It was now con-
tended that the credit was given in this instance, not to the
defendant, or even to the whole body of provisional commit-
teemen, but to the solicitors, Weall and Berkeley, as proved
by the fact that they had inserted advertisements, through
the instrumentality of the plaintiff, before any provisional
committee was appointed.
The CHIEF BARON left it to the jury to say if they be-
lieved the defendant had authorised his name to be in-
serted as a committeeman, so as to pledge his credit for
preliminary expenses; and also whether the plaintiff, in in-
serting those advertisements, acted upon the credit and re-
sponsibility of the defendant. If they found either of those
questions in the negative, their verdict should be for the de-
fendant.
The jury, after an hour's deliberation, returned a verdict
for the defendant.

WYLD v. HOPYINFi.
Mr. MARTLN, with whom was Mr. Wallis, for the plaintiff,
stated that this was an action brought by the well-known
map-seller at Chatlog-cross, to recover from the defendant,
Mr. Douglas Hopkins, one of the provisional committeemen
of the Peterborough and Nottingham Railway, the balance
of a bill of 1,9001. for engraving maps and plans for the use
of the company. The defendant had given a written autho-
rity to one of the promoters of the line, to insert his name
in the provisional committee, and the letter having been
handed to Mr. Gridley, one of the solicitors of the company,
the defendant's name was printed in a prospectus with
several others, which prospectus was shown to the plaintiff
at the time the orders were given to him to execute the work
in question. The plaintiff did the engraving for the com-
pany, upon the faith that the persons named in the pro-
spectus were liable to him, and there was no doubt that
those who had authorised the insertion of their names were
liable. The company was not proceeded with, because a
sufficient sum of money had not been subscribed, but several
of the provisional committee, feeling their liability, had sub-
scribed to pay proportionate shares to defray preliminary
expenses. In this way 1,000/. had been paid to the plaintiff.
The defendant was one of those who declined to meet his fair
share of the responsibility accruing to a provisional commit-
teeman, and this action was brought against him to compel
him to bear his share in common with others.
It appeared upon the examination of Mr. Gridley, one
of the solicitors of the proposed company, that the pro-
spectus containing the defendant's name was shown to the
plaintiff when the orders were given for the execution of
the maps, plans, and sections. The witness also stated, on
cross-examination, that there was a managing com-
mittee appointed, but that the defendant was not one of
that body.
Mr. WATSON, for the defendant, contended that his client,
who had taken no part in the management of the company,
was not liable, more especially as there was a managing
committee appointed, under whose authority the order was
given and the work executed. The Learned Counsel re-
ferred particularly to the case of Low v. Wilson, tried last
term, in which Baron Parke was reported to have laid it
down that a provisional committeeman, who did not inter-
fere, could not be held liable for merely lending his name
where there was a managing committee.
The Loan CHIEF BARON thought the question in this, as
in other cases of the same nature was,—did the defendant,
by sanctioning the publication of his name as one of the
provisional committee, hold himself out to the plaintiff
as a person pledging his credit as liable to the reason-
able and bond fide preliminary expenses of the
company? It would be difficult to say in this case that
the mere fact of there being a managing committee should'
exempt the defendant from responsibility. A managing
committee was often nothing more than a body of persons
selected by and from the provisional committee, as persons
who were more likely to be able to give their personal at-
tention to the business of the company. It would not be
fair to say the members thus selected should be exclusively
liable for all preliminary expenses. But in this case there
was another important fact. A prospectus was shown to the
plaintiff when the order was given for the work, in which
the defendant's name appeared as provisional committeeman,
but nothing was said in that prospectus of a managing com-
mittee. In nearly all these cases there were expenses before
any managing committee was appointed, and the question
would be who was to be liable for those expenses if 'the pro-
visional committee was not. In this case the only question
was, whether the defendant held himself out as liable for
preliminary expenses by authorising the insertion of his name
as a committeeman.

The jury, without a moment's hesitation, returned a ver-
dict for the plaintiff—Damages 757/. 3s. 9d,
Mr. MARTIN stated, after the verdict had been recorded,
that if the defendant paid his quota of the expenses, as
others of the committee had done, the judgment against
him on this verdict would not be put in force.

Alderman Glum observed that the complainant certainly
must have some motive for staying away after having so
deliberately complained of a violation of the law. It
was not an uncommon practice, he knew, with some of
the inferior dealers in Billingsgate market, to exchange,
for the good fish they purchased, fish that was unfit for
use. He should know how to deal with persons who
resorted to such an expedient, if any such were brought
before him.

Mr. Woods said, that apprehending the intention of
the complainant not to appear in support of the sum-
mons, he had sent a message to Prescott, offering to
pay all expenses if he would voluntarily come forward
to prove his case. It appeared, however, that the
complaint was to fall to the ground for want of evidence.
Alderman GIBBS.—In cases of the kind the reference
is to he made to Mr. Goldham and the inspectors appointed
by the general body of the fishmongers, who, if they
are appealed to, will take care to protect the injured
party.
Mr. Goldham said that the complainant applied to
him on Saturday, and produced some mackerel which
he said was bad, and had been purchased of Mr. Woods
by him. Finding that the fish was good, he (Mr.
Goldham) stated his opinion to that effect, and desiring
the man to select the worst mackarel in the lot, caused
it to be cooked, and it was proved before Sir Chapman
Marshall, on Monday, to be unexceptionable.
Mr. Woods said he was salesman to one company,
which employed twenty-five vessels for mackarel fish-
ing, and upwards of 300 men. Every one knew in how
short a time mackarel became tainted in hot weather.
It was, indeed, frequently the case that in a very short
time after purchases were made, the fish changed, and
it would be most desirable to be informed how long a
salesman was responsible for the soundness of the ar-
ticle after delivery. The dealers were as good judges
as could easily be found of the quality of the article
they dwelt in, and it was a trick with some of them to
sell as many as they could, and to return with those
which they could not sell, and after having knocked them
about, to the great injury of their appearance, demand
an amount of money corresponding with the alleged
loss, &e. Between that practice, and the trick of sub-
stituting bad for good fish, as had been already stated,
complaints of the kind were doing an immensity of
mischief.

Mr. Goldham said, there was no doubt of the truth of
the representation made by the defendant, and of the
effect of the practice described. If dealers brought to
him any fish of which they complained, he and the in-
spectors, than whom none could be better judges, had
only to decide upon its quality, and if that decision
proved to be against it, it was destroyed. The great
object of the salesmen now was, to know how long after
the sale of fish they were to be responsible for its sound-
ness.

Alderman Grnns said the absence of the complainant,
and the consequent dismissal of the case, prevented him
from going into the merits of the question ; but he
should be ready to deal out impartial justice in any case
involving the responsibility.
It is necessary to mention, that frequent disturbances
take place iu Billingsgate market, on account of disputes
referring to the above matter.

7•01,1.11.4,.=,,

•
THE LATE B. K. HAYDON, ESQ ,
THE HISTORICAL PAINTER.
(From the Plymouth Times.)
SECOND NOTICE.
It was on the 14th of May, 1804, that Haydon, then
about eighteen years of age, left the home of his father
and his native town of Plymouth to seek his fortune, or
rather, as he hoped, to earn fame and distinction in the
metropolis by the cultivation and exercise of his talents.
As will have been indicated to the readers of our former
notice, he left home filled with the most enthusiastic
notions in respect to the works he expected to produce—
the improved modes of study he proposed to establish,
and the new, or rather reformed School of Art he in-
tended to found. This enthusiasm had been for some
years "growing with his growth, and strengthening
with his strength," so that his removal to London at the
early age of eighteen, had become a matter of absolute
necessity. London and London alone to his glow-
ing and ardent imagination, offered a suffici-
ently wide and important field for the exercise
of those powers with which he felt himself to be
gifted. About two years prior to quitting his father's
house he was for some months prevented from following
any of his ordinary occupations or studies by reason of
an affection of the eyes, and through which it was for
some time a matter of doubt and anxiety with his
parents and friends whether or not he would lose his
sight, and, strange as it may appear, it was whilst under
this affliction that he finally resolved to be a painter—
and at the same time he purchased some casts from the
antique of Mr. Johns, for the purpose of carrying for-
ward his studies, he was unable to bear the light and
confined to a dark room. When this affliction was re-
moved and his vision completely re-established, it was
regarded by him with a pious feeling, which appeared
habitual in him, as an indication of the approval of Pro-
vidence of his selection of the profession of a painter, as
a Divine pledge of his success in effecting .a great reform
in art. And it is known that in after life, indeed, until
within the last two or three years, he regarded his re-
covery, and the enthusiasm he felt for the art as the
promptings of a Superior and an Infinite power impelling
him forward for the accomplishment of great pur-
poses. It was possibly this conviction that made him so
determined and so self relying through life. Who can
say to what extent this one conviction may have in-
fluenced his opinion and conduct—how, by its habitual
and excessive power, it may have tended to plant his
path with thorns and to embitter his cup of life? Who
shall say how much it had to do with the melancholy
catastrophe at the termination of his career? Who
shall say how much of his chequered career is attri-
butable to the one strong and abiding conviction of his
mind in respect to his mission for the improvement of
British art? It may, perchance, have sustained him in
his troubles, enabled him to produce those magnificent
creations of his genius, the value of which must even-
tually be appreciated, in the midst of suffering penury
and want; but, on the other hand, it may haVe made
him too unobservant of the merits of others or of the
value of academies, and thus have induced that constant
warfare and battle by which he surrounded himself until
his death. But enough of those speculations, which
are wide of our present purpose—which is to give
some facts relative to his history and not to account
by any metaphysical or other speculation for the
production of the facts which make up his history. On
the morning, therefore, of the 4th of May, 1804, he took
leave of his friends and sorrowing parents, by whom his
speedy return was confidently predicted. They could
not sympathise with the warmth and ardour of his feel-
ings, and therefore could not but suppose that on the
first taste of the difficulty of an artist's life he would be
disgusted and gladly return home. A journey from
Plymouth to London, by land or water, was then no
such easy matter as at present ; it was they a grave and
serious matter, the occurrence of which once in the
life of an individual was considered an important event,
and for one person to accomplish it twice, constituted
him a curiosity and a wonder. It was then something
for a mother to part with her darling son for a journey
to London, for he would be at least two nights and the
better part of two days on the road ; but now, the
mother may bid her son farewell in the morning, and he
will be safe with his friends in London by the hour of
dinner on the same day—and the mother may hear of his
safe arrival, &c. in about 24 hours from his leaving her.
Leave-takings were then, therefore, the more solemn
and impressive. This being in the instance of the young
painter, to whom his parents were most devotedly at-
tached, gone through with perhaps more than usual dis-
plays of feeling on the part of all the parties concerned,
he left with high hopes and brilliant expectations as to
his success in the practice of his art. On the second
morning after leaving Plymouth, he arrived safe in Lon-
don ; and, notwithstanding the fatigue of so long a jour-
ney, and in spite of the loss of his usual rest for two
nights on the top of a coach, when he got down in Ox-
ford-street, so strong was his enthusiasm, and so buoyant
his hope, that instead of seeking repose, he left the inn
and wandered through the Strand, and in passing in his
progress a church open, he went in, and with a feeling
of devotion fell on his knees, and having thanked God
for his safe arrival in the metropolis, he prayed with
ardour that he might be blessed and made successful in
the establishment of a better school of art than was then
existing. He rose from his knees, strengthened in his
purpose, and so refreshed that, instead of going to bed
he sat up the whole of the night making some drawings
from casts which he had purchased in the course of his
walk.
On his arrival in London, his name was entered as a
student of the Royal Academy—and here his abilities
and enthusiasm soon brought him into notice; through
the medium of Prince lioare, he obtained an introduc
tion to the remarkably clever, but eccentric Fuseli. In
all probability, his early introduction to Fuseli, who was
headstrong and blunt in his manners, had considerable
influence on the susceptible mind of Haydon, who, it is
evident, became an ardent admirer and imitator of his
friend; and thus he became like him, fearless and out-
spoken—and as an artist, like him, addicted to exagge-
rated attitudes and drawing. In 1807, being then in the
twenty-first year of his age, he sent his first work to
the Royal Academy. It was entitled " Joseph and Mary
resting after a day's journey on the Road to Egypt,"
and was regarded by his friends as a pledge of his future
eminence and success. This picture having found a pur-
chaser in a distinguished patron of the arts of that day, he
was encouraged to attempt a still more ambitiogs task,
the result of which was " Dentatus," which was pur-
chased almost as soon as complete, by Lord Mulgrave.
This picture was regarded by his friends as a jus-
tification of the high estimate they had formed of his
powers, and did much toward establishing his reputation;
nevertheless, it was from circumstances connected with
the exhibition of it, that his enmity to the Academy ori-
ginated. He thus writes :—"By vote, the picture was
hung in the great room, in Mr. Fuseli's presence. The
Committee promised Mr. Fuseli it should remain there.
He went out of town, and in the interval they re-voted,
took the picture down and placed it where there was
then no window. By this conduct my prospects were
blighted for the time ; and it was not until I sent the
same picture, the year after, to the British Institution,
where it was hung at the head of the room, and got the
great prize, that I regained the confidence of Lord Mul-
grave.Ehis has the air of ill-treatment, and was re-
sented by Haydon ; and from that day his life was one
battle with the Academy. His letters, his conversat ions on
art, and his lectures alike breathed a spirit of war against
the Academy; while on the part of the academicians be
sometimes received, what with his feelings he could not
regard as conciliatory treatment, and hence; instead of
his being attracted towards, he was repelled still further
from the body, by whom he considered himself to be
indignantly treated, and thus he was induced to resolve
a reliance upon his own genius, and to determine to see
what he could produce without the Academy. And in
his own words, in a letter addressed, about eighteen
`months since, to Mr. Edmund Fry, of Plymouth, when
alluding to the Academy :—" Their very attempt to
crush me has given me an isolated reputation, which, as
one of a body, I could never have attained. Academies
have ever been a signal of distress, and all the greatest
men appeared before they were founded in England.
Nor do I think the art will ever recover its genius till
they are reduced to schools again ; and alone, these arc
my principles of opposition, and I'll die in them."
In 1809, " Dentatus," which is among the finest efforts
of his pencil, was exhibited, and attracted numerous ad-
mirers at Somerset House; and at this period the vigour
of his genius drew a number of friends around him. Sir
G. Beaumont gave him a commission for a subject from
Shakspere's Macbeth. His " Judgment of Solomon "
was, as we stated last week, bought by the late Sir Wm.
Elf ord and Mr. Tingcombe; his " Alexander Returning
in Triumph after having Vanquished Bucephalus," was
purchased for 500 guineas by the Earl of Egremont ;
" Venus and Anchises " found a purchaser in Lord de
Tabley, at 200 guineas, and some minor pictures
,were equally well disposed of. In the midst of
his successes, we find from his letters that Haydon still
retained the liveliest affection towards Plymouth, as his

native town; and on the other hand, it appears that Ply-
mouth had neither forgotten him, nor become wholly
insensible of the honour of being associated with his
name; and hence we find, that at a meeting of the Mayor
and commonalty of the borough, held on the 26th of
September, 1816, the freedom of the town was presented
to Mr. llaydon, " as a testimony of respect for his
talents, as displayed in his recent picture, " The Judg-
ment of Solomon."
About this period he again sought admission to the
Academy, but had the mortification of standing two
elections without a single vote in his favour. In his
own words—" When I was disposed to conciliate, they
were too sore to forgive," and so he became more violent
in his opposition. Besides the production of, a great
number of pictures, he gave lessons to his pupils, amongst
whome occur the names of some of the most distinguished
painters of the present age, viz , the Landseers (Edwin,
Charles, and Thomas); Harvey, the designer ; Maclise,
Cope, Lance, Prentice, Eastlake, and others.

He engaged in the controversy relative to the Elgin
marbles with great earnestness and vehemence, and
thereby attracted considerable notice, but lost some
friends. In connexion with the Elgin marbles it may
bo mentioned that early in 1818 he was requested
through M. M. Olenin, the president, to prepare a set of
casts for the Imperial Academy of Arts at St. Peters-
burgh. M. M. Dlenin's letter was couched in the most
•

flattering terms, and was- accompanied Vasa mark of
estimation for Mr. liaydon's talents, by a present for his
private study of seine casts from the Imperial Collection
of a bust of Achilles, a beautiful statue of Venus, and
one of Silenus, which were considered the finest things
in the collection of the Ethperor of Russia. The letter
concluded by expressine, a hope that the correspondence
thus begun will not end, and that " Mr. Hayden will
contitine it for the benefit of the art in Russia."

In 1821 he married Mrs. Hyman, then or lately of
)evonport, who had the reputation of being one of the
nest women in the country, and to whom he was

throughout life most devotedly attached. Mrs.
llaydon survives her gifted husband, as do alio two sans
and one daughter. The most remarkable of his pictures
up to the period of -his marriage, besides those, already
named, were two cartoons, entitled:"TifeTtle:;e";"
"Edward, the Slack Prince," "Christ," "Christ in the