The Sun.
London, England, 1846-03-05 00:00:00

Et irb W --; Won

SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock.

RAILWAY COMAIITTEES.
(THIS DAY)

Sub-Committee, No. 1.
LONDON, WARWICK, LEAMINGTON, AND
Ir.IDDE/LIVIXNSTER.
(Continued from our Afternoon Edition.)
The next allegation of any importance against the Bill,
was that the plans and sections deposited with the clerks of
the peace _differed 'from those lodged at the Private Bill-
office.
After some discussion on both sides, it was agreed upon by
the parties to go through the allegations between themselves,
so as to save the time of the Committee.
This arrangement was concurred in by the Chairman, and
the further consideration of the case was adjourned to Mon-
day next.
THE EAST AND WEST INDIA DOCKS AND
zarzmnalamanic JUNCTION
Ur. Gregory appeared for the promoters of this Bilt
The formal proofs were gone into, and the further hearing of
the case was adjourned till Monday.

Sub Committee No. 2.
GLASGOW, PAISLEY, ILIMMAILNOCIC, AND
AYIt, AND BILANCIIES.
(Continued from our Afternoon Edition.)
At the suggestion of the Chairman, the respective agents
retired for a short time to effect, if possible, some arrange-
ment, and alter an absence of about a quartey of an hour,
returned without having been able to enter into any set-
tlement.
The first petition was from Mr. Andrew Bro of Hill
House in the county of Ayr, complaining goner. -
compliance with the standing orders in various p .
Mr. Prurr said that before proceeding with that pe
he would call the attention of the Committee to the fact that
various interlineations had been made in the petition.
Mr. LAING said that the terms of the agreement autho-
rised them to make any alterations in the petition they,
required. He had to call the attention of the Corn-
mi:tee to a tact material to the present case. The second
allegation was, that certain portions of the plans de-
posited by this Company were not their plans, but those of
another Company of the same name, No. 6, but which proposed
to construct quite a different railway. He had applied at the
Private Bill-office for the Bill he alluded to, but was informed
by Mr. Strutt that it would be produced by an order from
the Chairman of the Committee before whom any of the Bills
of the same designation might be considered.
The CHAIRMAN having sent for the Bill in question,
Mr. Pmorr procceeded with the allegations in their correct
order.

The first allegation was, that no plans or sections of the
proposed railway, which was to pass through the Abbey
parish of Paisley and Laigh Kirk parish of Paisley, had
been deposited with the sheriff's clerk of the county of
Renfrew on or before the 30th day of November, which were
applicable to the said parishes. #
Evidence pro and con being heard, the Committee found
that in this case the allegation was not sustained.
The second allegation was to the effect that in the proposed
branch of railway through the parishes mentioned in the pre-
ceding allegation, a similar error had been committed, inas-
much as the plans and sections as regarded these parishes
were the plans, or a portion of them, deposited in the Private
Bill-offize by the promoters of the Paisley, Barrhead, and
Ilurlet Railway.
The CHAIRMAN considered that if it were even as alleged,
it the plans were correct it would be no matter.
Mr. LAING said he would under these circumstances pro-
ceed on the merits.
The first class of. allegations was that there was great in-
accuracy in the plans and sections deposited with the sheriff's
clerks of the respective counties through which the line was
to pass.
The first allegation was with reference to the county of
Renfrew, winch was sustAincd, and with respect to the other
counties it was admitted that the inaccuracy alleged was
correct, and the-Committee found accordingly, that in these
ca, es the standing orders had not been complied with.
It was next allegtd.that on the 13th mile of the terminus
at Paisley there War; no ligining, which was sustained.
otheraregations of a ;.iinilar nature were abandonel.
It was next alleged that front Nos. 85 to 107 the paiper-
ties Ivera not delineated in the plans deposited with the
sheriffs' clerks.

The C.lmnittee fuuticl that the sections in question had not
been numbered.
Some similar allegations were admittedv and sonic' were

abamionett.

It was next alleged that there was a difference littween
the plans and sections depo,ited with the sheriti"s clerk 3 and
tl►use in the Private ::iii-Alice. _

Tne -first of this cia-,;s of ailegationß was that there was an
error in the datum. Hue, which tLe Committee found to. be
sustahlet.
The Committee. then adjourned, at four o'clock, till twelve
o'clock to-morrow.

STANDLN G ORDERS COMMITTEES'.
(Continued frs.im our Afternoon Edition.)

lIOUSE OF LOUDS..
CORK, BANDON, AND KINSALE JUNCTION.
In this case the Committee reported that the standing
orders had been complied with. One objection was merely
of an engineering character, and the other was that the
plans deposited were not duplicates; neither was the datum
line taken from a public point:

CORK AND PASSAGE (IRELAND).
In this _case the Committee reported that the standing
orders had not been complied with, several importeat no-
ticcs not having been served.
IRISII NORTH. MIDLAND.
The object of this Bill is to connect Dublin, with Ennis-
killen and the imniediate towns, with a branch from Cavan
to Mtn-1.1;113n ; the whole length of the line is 99 miles, and
the 'eAhmated cost Is 1,06C,6!;0/. The Committee, after a
lengthened investigation, d:ci:led on 11 porting favourably on
the line, though the stanuicg orderg had not been complied
with.
THE DUBLIN AND BELFAST JUNCTION (NAVAN
EXTENSION.)
The Committee rcporteil, that in this case the standing
criers had been complied with.
The Lords present were Lords Shaftesbury, Hood, llches-
ter, Redesdale, Ilawardeo, and Rosehery.
The Committee adjourned at halk past four o'clock.

HOUSE OF LORDS --(THIS DAY.)
The :louse sat to-day to hear Scotch appeals. The Peers
present were—Lord Brougham, Lord Cottenham, and Lord
Campbell.

'WALLACE V. PATTON.
The arguments in this appeal were resumed and concluded
to-day, and
Their Lordships gave judgment, dismissing the appeal
with costs.

THE MAP.QUIS OF DREDALBANE V. SINCLATR.
The arguments in this appeal were commenced this morn-
ing, and not having concluded at foul
_fclock, the further
consideration of the ease wa3 adjourn to-morrow.

TATTERSALL'S-THIS EVENING.

►Six O'CLOCK.

CHESTER CUP.
17 to 1 agst Sweetmeat
25 to 1 agst Mermaid
40 to 1 agst Discord
50 to 1 acrst Weatherbit
100 to
.1 agst Columbus

DEItEY.

9 to 2 agst sting
20 to 1 agst Brocardo
, 33 to 1 agst Malcolm
40 to 1 agst Humdrum

IMPERIAL PA RLIAiSIENT.
(rEifis EVENING.)

HOUSE OF LORDS.
ROYAL COMMISSION.

Their Lordships assembled at Five o'Clock to Pear
her Majesty's assent given, by commission, to several
Bills. The Commissioners were the Lord Chancellor,
the Earl of Shaftesbury, and the Earl of .11addington.
The lloase of Commons having been summoned to
the bar, the royal assent was given to the following
Bills :—The Public Works (Ireland) Bill ; the Drainage
(Ireland) Bill ; and the Grand Jury (Ireland) Present-
usent Bill.

• THE LATE VICTORY IN INDIA. •
The Duke of•RICHMOND said he. took the earliest
opportunity of calling the attention of the Noble Earl at
the head of the Board of Control (Ripon), to a mistake
whibh he had made the other night in moving a vote of
thanks to the Indian army, but a mistake which he
..(the Duke of Richmond) was certain was altogether
unintentional, and which he was sure his Noble Friend'
would thank him. for correctipg. The error to which
he alluded was in reference to the Noble Earl stating
that Colonel Wood, the aid-decamp of the GoVernor-
GTneen,ler.:l, having headed a; regiment in . the late engage-
, t. Now he (the Mike of Richmond) did Lot mean
to
cast the slightest reflectiOn on; Colonel Wood, who he4.'11,,.
been laec9 yea.rs in the army, and who must on this occasion
bdiedannaotSetitd. van"
of his. regiment, but who certainly
isiTti hough he believed Colenel Wood to'
officer who headed Fheand gallant officer, 'he was not the
dicer
lie invent in the engagement
referred to.
bury, Officer who. did So was Colonel Bun-
in the service b„ turiad been thirty, • years
n half. pay,, and. - and Sill Years
in the
engaZaaelits of 1 e Ptaeinceinnsul.air wpaarr.t
late engagement in
find who had beanw,tnindsd in
g
India. This was the officer whot th
of Qolonel .Wood, who might h
. 'regiment, and he (the Duke of Iticharnee e re iment and
Zd'Parded the
) wits sur
prised that the Noble Dsrl had not mentioned hi—. ;-name
in alluding to hie meritorious otlicers who littel'serr-t--;ed-
. mi that occasion.
Lord IIIPON said he. could have no hesitation ie
complying with 'the request of the Noble Duke.
speaking upon the subject he ,(ford Ripon) took his
notion of the services of the gallant officers from what
he had seen reported in !Ike pudic print. and not being a
professional man he cif i not know the ditferknce. Had ho
been aware of it lie would hrwk--, been kippy to mark
the distinction ; a;;d nom that he had been madd aware
of it, he could have no hesitation in expressing his
warmest admiration of the sc,rvico.s of Colonel Banbury.
He begged to say he felt obliged to his Noble Friend for
having afforded him the opportunity of making tins cor-
rection.

IRIBII COERCION BILL.
L.)rd *.g.Q.11-ICrON :aid he hop, d o:at his Noble
Frit uti oirk.site, •A ha ila I introa'uccd a B:11 fur the sup-
prom ,i4.-714-.TtWnl6: in P-(:l,in i, v:oaki also introit/co a
11111191tre, jiari p,fii:-.,u, with it for the preservation of the
live; anl iiherjes of.the tenant-limners in that country.,
Tina Duke t,;.'.IZECIIMf )N1) said he understood the
Noble 1.4.,:ri t-) v. J.: to the corn-laws, and not to the
llittar:;-.ls ivbicl,-hu.,l been committed is Ireland.
Lori. 6TOURTON disclaimed any referenzt to thb
cornirms in bis 'address. !Ls obsavations simply re •
ferns to Ireland.
,\;1..)1-44ilts Dtkik ,RICIIMOND was abont to address their
_ ' I.ord:ship:N. pas eting thn 13ill, but he gave way to
<7-T7-11;07,1,014. CUANCELLOIZ, who said the 'Noble
-1-'l.'/
11-
, .
~--• ------------..;!:...4 -

1

.1, 1

S

Lord was not in order, as there was no notice before the I
House. If he were allowed to discuss the Bill under 1
these circumstances, it would be competent for any other
Noble Lord to do so.
SIR J. M. DOYLE AND THE GOVERNMENT

OF SPAIN.
The Duke of RICHMOND rose to present a petition
from Sir John Milley Doyle, praying their Lordships to
refer the consideration of his case to the law officers of
the'Crown. He stated that he had served under the
Spanish Government as one of the general officers of the
Legion, who he complained had not done justice to him,
but particulary that the Commission which had been ap-
pointed had not treated his claim in a proper manner. He
further stated that the representatives of this country in
Spain acknowledged his claim. There was a clause in the
Act under which the Commission was appointed, that if
any difference arose with respect to the claims of the
officers who had been in the service of Spain
that it should be referred to the law officers
of the Cyown. He was an experienced ' officer, and
had served this country in Egypt and in the wars
of the Peninsular. His Noble and Learned
Friend (Lord Brougham) was of opinion that his case
should be so referred. He (the Duke of Rich-
mond), therefore, trusted that their Lordships would
resort to that course in this case. He was ad-
vised by his friends to take as much as he
could get, and to memorialise the Government for the
rest. He (the Duke of Richmond) did not think he
was asking too much if he only asked that this matter
should be referred to the law officers of the' Crown, and
that they should decide whether he was entitled to this
claim on the Spanish Government or not. _ _

Lord BROUGHAM supported the prayer of the
petition.
The Earl of ABERDEEN said that he was not
disposed to deny the valuable services of the
officers who were erga,ged in the army in Por-
tugal, but at the same time he imagined j that claims
were made on the Portuguese Government which
were not at all in proportion to the services ren-
dered. Various commissions had been appointed,
but they had failed to give satisfadtion. The
parties could not agree as to the amount, and the conse-
quence was that the officers and men interested were
continually applying to the English Government to see
justice done. Their Lordships would recollect that
the British Government were no parties to the
contracts made, but at the same time they were bound to
endeavour to obtain justice for any or every party
having claim on the Portuguese Government.
These claims were entirely of a private nature, and this
Government was no party in the contracts. ' In the year
1840 his predecessor in office, Lord Palmerston,
agreed to form a mixed! commission, which should
take cognisance of these claims, and decide upon them in
such a manner as that there should be no appeal to the
Government of either country, and if the Commissioners
differed in their opinions it was to be decided by an
arbitrator, the Minister of the King of the Belgians,
who has in that capacity given several decisions.
fie felt therefore precluded from opening the
question. He believed the Commissioners had
tblen a full and a fair view of all the cases laid
before them, and had given their decision accordingly.
He felt, that he had no power to interfere in regard to
these claims. He had ermined into the claims of Sir
John Milly Doyle, and he considered that the Coraimis-
sionors had come to a right decision respecting it. Even
had he (the Earl of Aberdeen) the power, he did not
feel at all disposed to re-open the question. That oWcer
had vOluntt cred his servica to the Portuguese G overnment
in 1832, and it was accepted by Don Pedro With n great
laudation of his noble cond-ct! Sir J. M. Doyle atter-

wards admitted that he ervered the service ►►ithout a
cnntract, therefore he could make no.elaim on the Porn'.
gueie G overnmen t for services performed under a con tract.
It appeartid, from the returns he now held in his
hand, that Sir J. M. Do), le had received sums of
2,000/. and 50/. from the Portugeese Government, and
passed a recript in full of them. . Then the report of the
t'artugar•se Comwis.ion was to the effect that they did
cot consider that Sir John Doyle had any claim upon
the British Go:Erna-lent, not having entemd the Portu-

guese service ueder any contract, and, therefore. he (Lord
Aberdeen) did not cemsid,rthat the claim could be emer-
tained. Under these circumstances he was of opinion
that no adaantlge would be gained by re-opening the
mse. Besides he Lad no reason tai complain of the
Portuguese Government. as he had been treated ex-
tremely well by them. his Noble Friend (the Duke of
Wellingtoe) would perhaps recollect that some years
ago he received 5,0001. or 6,000/. from that. Goverment
for an injury he stsit:d he had received.
Lord BROUGHAM tomiplairad that a surgeon had
been appointed one of the commissional s, whereas some
sat upou it. On the same principle he supposed
that the Noble Earl (Earl of Aberdeen) would
refer a medical point to a lawyer. The Noble
Lord then referred to documents which set forth
of the law officers of the Crown ought to have
that the Portuguese Government admitted the
claim, and considered that it ought to be paid
out of the money devoted to the British Go-
vernment for the liqui4a.‘ion of similar claims.
The Duke of WELLINGTON said it occurred to
his recollection that such a transaction as the one re-
ferred to by the Noble Earl, took pLce whilst he was
serving his King in Portugal, but he did not recollect
enough of the circumstances under which. it took
piece to be able to speak with any certainty on. the
subject. He, however, recolle,cted the name of Sir
John Millie Doyle, but he eoulp not call
to mind • whyhe was employed ;—at any rate
Ile was in the service of this country
during the Peninsular war, and that he
had the reputation of being a brave man.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY thought that Sir
John Doyle had no claim against the Portuguese
Government, having given a receipt in full for all de-
mands. He (Lord Londonderry) knew that that gallant
oliicer had been paid very handsomely for his serviee.s,
more handsomely than either he or the Noble Duke
opposite.
The Duke of RICHMOND said that Sir J. Doyle had
given a receipt in lull, because the Commissioners to.d
him that while he did so he would not receive a farthirg.
The question was th 9 petitioner entitled by his agree•
ment and order to receive the amount he claimed.
He believed that he had not received a sufficient
remuneration for his services, and it was therefore inflict-
ing great hardship on the Hon. Baronet. Ile hoped
that he would have with every other British subject, the
protection of the law. . .
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY presented a peti-
tion, which he hoped would receive the support of the
Noble Duke who had just sat down. It was a petition
signed by Lord Arthur Hill and other noblemen and
gentlemen of the county of Down, in the north of Ireland,
praying this House to suspend the standing orders
in the ease :of the Great County Down Railway.
They mid suspended the standing orders the other even-
ing in a case similar to the present, and hoped they
would do so now, as the measure would be a great boon
to the whole of Ireland, and give employment to a con-
siderable number of people.
Lord. REDESDALE objected to granting the
.prayer of the petition. He said that the. Committee
found the plans, which were lithographed, as many
otherfiplaus were, very incorrect. The lithographing
were altered in the levels, the height, and the arching,
so that it was hardly possible to make out what they
meant. The excuse . made. for this incorrectness was
the want of time, but the natural answer to this
if the projectors had not time to get up efficient plans
by. the 30th of November, why not wait for an.'
other
..yeer. There was no hardship in this.
On every occasion when a decision was given against a
Bill interested parties came forward in order to get the
decision reverstd in their favour.. ' There was no use
in hearing standing orders at
.all
..if this practice
was to be carried out. He had resisted the

Cmaortlioo
wn , the .
Do tin] ebrl i n e Senenientgionrßesapielwct,itnyg,
athned
. Wh
eewx foourldi
resist the present, he hoped with greater success,
I
ts not a word . would be said in defence
of" the plans which had been got up. The
mar,ts of the Bill with a totally different question, and if
pi the *oj6et was a good one it would stand so much the
. ••
better chand, next session.
The ..Marquia of LONDONDEPBY said, that as they
,had done the same in respect to other lines of minor im-
portance, he trusted that they would not hesitate to do so
.ii one of such great magnitude, and which would prove
'of such great benefit to that.. part of the country by
giving. employment to the poor in the present season of
distress',
Earl of .IOCKLOW could not conceive the use of
standing orders oa all, if they were not to be adhered to.
The errors were e:ntircly owing to the neglect of the
solicitors:
After a, few Lord MONTEAGLE
w words frog
,a
The Marquis of LONIIVNDERRY withdrew his
motion.
In the case of the Wexford,. Carlow, and Dublin Junc-
tion
Railway, there Jwas-no. practical irregularity, be.
cause the, parties who received tt., notices came with
then in their hands ; therefore, adnu'tting their service.
Thera.was no,analogy between the eaa es•
, The Marquis of .LONDONDERRY did not wish to
press. the matter further, after what had fallen
frOm Neble _Lords. They had consena2i to the
perpetration of a Julie sin, but were determined to re-
sist a great one.—(Cheers.) •'
Lord I.,EDESDAI,II said it was competent. for the
Standing Orders Committee ,to report on the schemes
submitted to them, and to suggest if they thought
proper that the standing orders should be dispensed with.
Ile would resist any application of this kind in the same
way that he had resisted the application made by
the Noble:Earl the other evening« becayse if it were ac-
enededloyit would give rise to a V.?ry great carelessness
n
I.lte part of solicitors and agents in, Ireland.
The SDubuikeeet ot4felt trlioprOdN. D moved for the' County
Treasurers'
\‘ynifrom l,inreturnsi for the cot unties of England and
the [louse then adjourned at;a Quarter past Six

HOUSE MV Cotavii%lONS.
The SPEAKER took the Chair au a few minutes irefore
Four.;

)WNerGeS.
SECONDEaiiway RBEiAI2
' I The following
severally
second time, and ordered to be Co surd tted, read a
viz.,
Kent Atmospheric Railway
Coeliernioutn and Workington•Thdension Riii ay
East Lothian Contra[and Tyne Arn;ley Railway
Yorkshire and Glasgow Union 3 tai:way
Manchester, Huddersfield, and t Meat Grimsby Direct
Railway
GREAT NORTH AND • SOUTH WALES
RAILWAI
',,.A.tr. MORRIS moves'. the se. :end reading of this
Bill; when . ~. •
Sir DE LACY EVANS said ' hat he should oppose
it, in consequence of the surreptit lens manner in which
the ptition .had been. taken I;efore the Standing
Orders' Committce. It was q wit° clear, that the
Company had come to • a -,resolution that, if

in tlit'opinion of ' the Colicitor-General they Jar
'dissolve themselves, they should do so : the opinidia of
the Solicitor-General was in the affirmative, but the
resolution had not been rescinded by the Committee ;
therefore, iu coming before the Standing Orders Com-
mittee, the Company had acted surreptitiously. He
would propose that the sscond reading should be post-
poned till Monday next.
Mr. DUNCOMBE would second the motion of his
Hon. and Gallant Friend. He thought the best way
to put an end to the discussion would be to postpone
the second reading of the Bill. The House would, in
that case, have sufficient time to decide whether or not
the Bill should be proceeded with.
After some further discussion, it was ultimately re-
solved that the second reading shoilld be postponed till
Monday.
Mr. GREENE moved that the House do rescind pa-
ragraph 20 of standing orders No. 87—Motion agreed to.

• COMMONS' SUMMARY.
The SPEAKER took the Chair at Four o'clock.
Several Railway Bills were read a second time, and ordered
to be committed. •

Mr. Mon his moved the seconA reading of the Great North
and South Wales Vailway
C1(wer.....1 EVANS pres,,:uted a petition again 3t the 131111 the

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY _EVENING, MARCH 5, 1845.

rl f'r yr rf`l
lfskoild reading of w , after a short discussion, was post-
poned to Monday, AR the petition was ordered to be per-
sented at the expense of She parties presenting it.
Various petitions were presented against the enrollment of
the militia.

Sir R. PEEL in answer to a question from Mr. VEnaroN
SMrnl said that it was his intention before the close of the
discussion oh the Government propositions, to lay before the
House the measures they intended to propose with
respect to the law of settlement and local taxation.

Mr. ETWALL then moved, pursuant to notice, for the ap-
pointment of a Select Committee to inquire into the adminis •
tration of the poor-laws in the Andover Union, and into the
management of the Union Workhouse. The Hon. Member
went at considerable lenigth into the details of the occur-
rences that took place in die Andover Union, which he con-
sidered as highly disgraceful, and called loudly for inquiry.

A CONTRAST.

THE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF ENGLAND
AND FRANCE,
BY THE BARON CHARLES DIIPIN.

In 1816 the British Government, in perfect peace, victo-
rious, and tranquil, spent 86,000,000/. sterling, no part of
-which was applied to the extinction of the national debt.
In 1814 its expenditure still exceeded 67,000,0001. In
1844, the latest period to which the accounts have been
completed, its expenditure was reduced to 55,000,0001.
In 1816 the interest of the national debt amounted to
33,500,0001.; it is now reduced to 26,000,0001. and 4,000,0001.
of temporary annuities, which are gradually disappearing
year by year. Whilst Great• Britain was obtaining these
splendid results she was effecting a vast reform in the manner
and extent of her public burdens.
Between 1815 and 1841, a balance being struck between
taxes increased and taxes diminished, this power has abo-
lished an amount of 24,000,0001. of taxation, arid last year
has suppressed a further sum of 6,000,000/.
The taxes abolished are those especially which paralyse
industry, and oppose obstacles to the superiority of British
commerce over that of other nations.

In effecting this, do not imagine that England has ab-
stained from carrying out gigantic enterprises, sustain-
ing mighty struggles, and defending her wide spread domi-
nions with an armed hand. She possessed in India, in the
year 1816, 80,000,000 of subjects ; she now numbers
1(0,000,000. Canada revolted ; the revolt was suppressed
by force. Her will was contested in the Syrian question ;
her ships decided the matter. China resisted the odious
commerce in opium • an expedition after the fashion of
Cortes subdued the Celestial Empire. Two seas existed, the
entrance of which was not under the command of England,
the Chinese Ocear. and the Red Sea. Aden and Singapore
have completed the chain of forts which bind the commerce
of the world. I admire this at the risk of being accused of
Angloinania, the more. that these results have been accom-
panied by a wise reduction of expenditure and taxation,
dating from the peace to the present moment.
In 1816 England was, without exception, the state most
heavily burdened by the weight of taxation. She is now, in
proportion to her wealth, less taxed than France.
Thirty years ago England spent 80,000,0001. sterling, while
we spent but the half.
In 1844 England spent 55,000,0001., whilst we have ex-
pended 57,500,000/.
Let us observe, at the same time, from one single fact, the
enormous difference in the resources of the two countries for
the supply of such heavy public burdens Looking still at
1844, as a means for comparison; I find that the commerce of
England, favoured by a skillful system of taxation, is so great,
that the mere amount of the produce of the soil and industry
of Great Britain sold to foreign nations, in eleven months, is
equal to the total annual expenditure of the Treasury.
On the other hand, in France, we only behold an unlimited
increase in the taxation, and we have reached a point at
which it would require the amount of 23 months of the sale
of. our produce to tbreignermo pay our expenditure, whilst
eleven months only suffice to the English.

THE ARMY.
INCREASE OF THE ARMY.
CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM.

HORSE GUARDS, FEB. 20.
The following augmentation t) certain corps, of ca-
valry and infantry having been sanctioned by her Ma-
jesty's Government, officers in command of the regi-
ments and depots concerned are requested to use their
utmost exertions in raising men to complete their corps
respectively to the proposed strength. The men so
raised are to be borne as supernumeraries until the Ist
April next, from which date the increased establis!)-
meras will be authorised by the War Office.
1. Four men per troop to be added to the following
17 regiments of cavalry, viz. : —lst, 2(1, 3d, 4th, 511, and
6th Dragoon Guards ; Ist, 2d, and 6th Dragoons ; and
the 4th, 7th, Bth, 10th, 11th, 13th, and 17th Light
Dragoons.
2. An augmentation of 400 rank and file to eight
regiments of infantry at home, to be hereafter specially
named.

3. An increase of 200 rank and file to the following
.27 regiments of infantry, the service companies aLwhich
are now serving abroad—viz , Ist battalion Royals, 7th,
14th, 15th, 16th, 19th, 33'1, :34th, 35th, 38th. 46th, 48th,
52d, 54th, 60th (2d battalion), 66th, 72d, 73d, 77th, 79th,
81st, 82d, 88th, 89th, 93d, and 95th Regiment, and Ist
battalion Rifle Brigade.
In order to provide for the immediate recruiting of
those regiments and depots of infantry, an additional
sergeant and corporal may forthwith be appointed to
each et, rnpany at home, without the necessity of any
previous reference to the officer commanding the regi-
miont abroad ; but the appointment of the remaining
six non-commissioned officers of each class to be allowed
on the new establishment must be reserved for the ser-
vice companies, where they will be appointed on the re-
ceipt of the order, and from whence they will be sent
home by the earliest opportunity, together with any
others IA ho may be at the same time supernumerary to
the regular establishment of these companies. •
There will thus be 26 nun-commissioned officers of
each class with the depot, and only 24 with the service
_companies; exclusive of Miff serjeants, but has not only
the recruiting of the whole corps, hut thN staff of the
depot is to be provided for, the distribution now pre-
scribed has been deemed expedient.'
In the regiments thus augmented to 1000 rank and
file, the drummers will be equally divided between the
service companies and depot.

With regard to the regiments about to be augmented
to 1,200 rank and file, they will for the present remain,
as heretofore, consolidated in 10 companies, but it is in-
tended that they shall hereafter be divided into two
battalions, of six companies each, in the same manner as
those already organised on that footing.
After this separation, and during the period both bat-
talions may remain at home, the non-commissioned offi-
cers will be equally divided between them, but when
ordered to proceed abroad, the Ist battalion will embark
24 and the reserve 28 non-commissioned offie-rs, leaving
eight of each class at the regimental depot ; there to be
maintained by the battalions to which they respectively
belong, exclusive of these who from time to time may be
sent home fur immediate discharge.
In order to provide for musicians, &c., the Ist batta
lions of those corps, as well as the service companies of
regiments, %sill henceforth he permitted to embark 560
rank :and file, but they will carry with them only 540
stand of arms and sets of accoutrements ; and reserve
battalions not being allowed bands will, as heretofore,
consist of 540 rank and file.

In regiments on an establishment of 1,200 rank and
file there will be 10 drummers with the Ist battalion, 12
with the reserve, and at the depot.
The services of an ensign at the depot of these regi-
ments will no longer be required; each of the battalions
will provide a lieutenant for that duty, and the captain
will be furnished by the battalions alternately.
These instructions will be understood to apply as well
to regiments already formed as to those now proposed
to be augmented, and they will be expected to conform
to them accordingly.
By command of Field-Marshal the Duke of Wel-
lington, Commander•in-Chief.

JOHN MACDONALD, A.G.

INSTITUTION OF CI VIL
ENGINEERS.
(Sir John Rennie, President, in the Chair.)
The first paper read (on the 24th ult.) was a " De-
ceription of the Dinting Vale Viaduct, on the line
of the Sheffield and Manchester Railway," by
A. S. Gee, Member I. C. E. This viaduct consists of
sixteen arches, five of which are of timber, and seven of
of bricks. The whole of the large piers, wings, outside
spandrils, and parapets are built of stone, from the
quarries in the neighbournood.
The five large arches, which are each of-125 feet span,
and twenty-five feet versed sine, are built of Memel tim-
ber; the main ribs of these arches are composed of
planking three inches thick, bent and laid longitudi
nally, and fastened together with oak trenails, and firmly
stayed by means of wrought iron tie-rods.
The smaller semicircular arches, situated at each end
of the viaduct, are built of brick, with stone quoins.
They are of fifty feet in the span and three feet in thick-
ness, and arc built in a curve of forty chains radius, the
piers being wedge-shaped to suit the curve, leaving the
faces parallel with each other. •
The entire cost of the viaduct (which was given in its
various details in the paper) was stated to be 35,2501.
Gs. 5d., its total length 484 yards, and its greatest height
about 125 feet above the water course. It was com-
menced early in 1843, and was opened on the Bth of
August, 1844. The average. cost of construction was
calculated at about 21. -14 s. per superficial yard, and
Cs. 9d. per cubic yard, the viaduct being eighty yards wide.
The paper by Mr. G. W. Hemens, M. Inst., C.E., de-
scribed the system invented by Sir J. Macneill, and em-
ployed on the Dublin and Drogheda Railway for pre-
paring the transverse sleepers, and fastening the rails
upon them.
The sleepers are half baulks, 12 inches by G inches at:
.the junction of the rails, and intermediately half trees
of larch, with the bark on, not less than 8 inches by
4 inches, are placed, with the round side upwards,
at an average distance of 2 feet G inches apart.
These sleepers are prepared for . bearing the rails,
by fixing twelve at a time on a sliding table,
similar to that of a planing machine ; they are moved
forward by' steam power beneath two circular cutters,
set' at the given distance of the gauge apart, and re-
volving very rapidly, and which pass through the whole.'
series of sleepers, cutting, at a given inclination, the
seats for the rails. A slight stoppage of the table takes
place as each sleeper is cut, in order to afford -fed;
four drills to descend simultaneously, and to pierce the
holes for the pins or trenails for holding down the rails.
An engine of six-horse power suffices for working two
of these machines, by which one thousand sleepers can
be finished complete in twenty-four hours, at an expense
of about ld. each, instead of 21-d each, which they
formerly cost by manual labour.
The sleepers thus pre pared . are used traversely be-
Leath rails of the bridge, from. which the sides are
slightly pinched inwards, in finishing, so as to form a
dovetail with a joint plate with a raised rib, which is laid
at each junction, and which, by using a screw pin and
plate at one end, and a collar-headed pin at the other,
holds the rail very fast, preventing lateral and vertical
motion, but permitting longitudinal action in expansion
and contraction. These rails weigh 831 b. per yard. The
total cost per mile of the double line,. including rails,
sleepers, piers, spikes, joint chains, &c., laid complete,
is stated at 3,4701. 2s. Bd., when the rails cost 71. ss.
per ton.
The paper by Mr. W. Vanderldele, Assoc. Inst, C. E.,
described a very useful arrangement of machinery for
working the diving-hell used in setting the masonry, at
a. depth of about eight ft-et below the level of extraor-
dinary
.6pring tides, in the extension of the pier at
Kilrush, in the river Shannon, under the direction of
Mr. T. Rhodes, the chief engineer of the Shannon
COmmissioners. Upon a series of piles and longi-
tudinal timbers, a railway was laid, upon which
two travelling platforms were constructed; with
winches, &c. One of them brought the stone nearly
,over its intended position, and lowered it into the sea ;
the other then brought the diving- bull over it, and by
means of a chain and purchase, the stone was lifted and
placed properly in its place by the men in the bell. This
work was continued through all seasons, and with the
utmost regularity, and the work so constructed was as

.~.:J 1

solid as if built on dry land. The drawings accompany-
ing the paper gave all the details of the machinery.
"An account of the drops used for the shipment of
coals at Middlesbro' on Tees," by G. Turnbull, Mem.
Inst, C. E., was announced to be read at the meeting of
Tuesday, March 30, 1846, when the monthly ballot for
members will take place.

STATE OF OUR CONVICTS IN

VAN DIEMEN'S LAND.

(From the Glasgow Examiner.)
We have been favoured with the following extracts
from the letter of a highly respectable gentleman in Van
Diemen's Land, who has been eye wittness of the scenes
he describes:—

My protege, A-- B-- has now served his proba-
tion, and come to town. As his eonduct during that '
time has been remarkably good, he has at once received
a third-class ticket and is eligible for employment.
C have been doing my best to interest in his favour
those who are most able to serve him. Already,
through the Rev. Mr. Lillie, I have got him placed
amongst the convict writers at the.Comptroller-General
of Convict's Office. It is almost impossible to get a suit-.
able situation for him just now, as the country is
deluged with people similarly situated, of acknow-
ledged talent and abilities, who are glad to take the
most mean and paltry situation in order to earn a few
shillings. Under these circumstances, he has set his
heart upon the situation of javelin mat'. This is an em-
ployment under the sheriff ; the pay is very trifling, I
believe, but he prefers such a situation to a better with
one of the colonists, as he will be sure of passing through
the various stages of indulgence more quickly by being
thus placed under the eye of those who can extend these
advantages to him. He will, besides (as in private ser--
vice), live away from the prisoners' barrack, and when
not occupied with his duties, be quite unrestricted in
the employment of his time up to a curtain hour of the
evening—l believe seven o'clock—when all but free
people must be at their places of residence, or they will
be immediately picked up by the police—who are Argus•
eyed here—and if they cannot produce a special pass
from their employer, be consigned to the watch-house,
and next morning be sent by the police mogistrate to
the tread-mill. I am in great hopes that I shall
be able to procute this situation through Mr. Lillie,
for him, as Mr. Barnet, the sheriff, is Mr. L.'s father-in-
law. You ask me if the convicts are obliged to wear
their peculiar garb after they are engaged by the free
population, thus marking them as belonging to the class
they do, to those who might be otherwise ignorant of it.
After a convict has served his probation, he can wear
any dress he chooses, so that in that respect he is not
marked. I mean that strangers passing him in the
streets would, of course, think him a gentleman if he
was dressed as one ; but do not for a moment suppose
from this that a convict has any better chance of being
received into respectable society again merely by th,
change in his dress. As I have before mentioned,
many prisoners have remained heie after their sentence
had expired, and acquired a fortune; and are now
rolling in their carriages ; but for all that, there is a
broad line of demarcation placed between those
that have been convicts and those who have not
this awful stigma upon shell). The history, origin,
and circumstances of every one who is in
society here are all known ; and in select society,
a gentleman could not commit a greater offence
than by introducing a person who has been a prisoner.
If the people at home are remarked for being reserved
to strangers, what would be said of the people here who
would scarcely talk civilly to a stranger until they knew
.his history. I could astonish you very much in a walk
through Hobart Town, by pointing out various charac—
ters who have obtained an unenviable notoriety at home,
whom we would meet now and then, and whom you
would pass by without remarking anything unusual
about them. Suppose I had the happiness of thus
acting as your cicetone, I will give you an example or
two :—Look at that good-looking man who is walking
with a quick pace towards us ; you see he is very
fashionably dressed, and has quite the air of an elegant ;
and were it not that his clothes are a little faded, and
the worse for wear, you would at once lay him down as
an exquisite of the first water ; well, that is King, the
London Post-office money-letter abstractor. You will
observe that he is accompanied by another
.person,
a stout, grave, gentlemanlike individual, who, judging
by his manners and appearance, has evidently
moved in good society, and enjoyed the comforts
and luxuries of this life ; that is Beaumont Smith, the
celebrated exchequer• bill forger, who, disdaining to com-
mit a trifling peccadillo, aspired to glorious celebrity as
the prince of forgers, by doing business in that way to
the extent of two hundred and odd thousand pounds.
Going on further, we meet an old and rather shabbily-
dressed man wearing 'a straw hat ; he is a clerk to one
of our grocers, and by the papers in his band, we may
guess that he is going about collecting the accounts of
his employer. It you look attentively at his face, you
will at once conduce, from his grey hairs and "wrinkled
care-worn face, that he is a man on whom the burning
ploughshare of grief and mental agony has done the
work of years ;—that is the unfortunate and misguided
Frost, the Chartist IZeformer—one of the many -hun-
dreds who might be pointed out to show the cruel
and wretched system pursued towards transported
criminals. I allude to the equality of punishment
which is dealt to all offenders ;--no matter how
various their crimes, how dissimilar their dispositions.
how different the depths of moral depravity to
which they have :unk, all are indiscriminately mixed
together in gangs; where men who have probably lived
at one time in an ex itsplary manner in good society,
supported. the various characters of husband, father,
and friend, in a becoming and praiseworthy manlier,
who are possessed of great abilities and good education,
but have in an evil hour (perhaps maddened by injury
and insult, or driven to despair by the prospect of indi-
gence and want) committed an act which has rendered
them amenable to the laws of their country. Men
such as these are herded together with the systematic
burglar and robber, the pickpocket, the habit and re-
pute thief--wretches. who have been guilty of every
crime under heaven, who from their infancy have been
reared and educated in every shape and form of vise,
whose language is obscene and blasphemous in the
extreme—all are worked, fed, and lodged indiscrimi-
nately together. We are told that the object of punish-
ment is the reformation of the criminal, and are
im-
pelled to give our cordial approbation to the benevo-
lence of such a principle; but how such an enlightened
principle can be connected with the working ,out of
the present probation system of convict discipline I am
at a loss to-conceive. It is not the description of punish-
ment that I would altogether find fault with, although
that is to a certain extent objectionable, both in kind and
degree, but it is the loathsome and degrading association.
How can he-who wishes to amend his life be expected to
reform—no matter how strong-minded he may be'
when all day long his ears ring with the curses and
laughter of the vilest of mankind? If he shows a de-
termination to conduct himself well, he is assailed with
the ridicule, mockery, and persecution of his companions.
In the evenings he hears nothing but the exulting rela-
lations of successful villany, of credulity deceived, of
charity and goodness abused, together with histories of
profligacy, ingratitude, and every species of wickedness.
The natural result of passing through such a dreadful
ordeal is, that what was at first heard with the utmost hor-
ror, the unhappy man gradually becomes accustomed to—
his feelings become day after day deadened to his de-
gradation—and at last, with the total extinction of
every moral and religious feeling, he becomes an
active partisan in crime, or he is only passively honest
until temptation is thrown in his way. This is a matter
in which our colonial autocrat, Lord Stanley, incurs a
fearful responsibility. I doubt not if he were presented
with a complete and true picture of the awfully bad
effects of his crude and ill-digested experiments in " penal
science," it would harrow up his soul, if he had a particle
of feeling.
Instead of Van: Diemen's Land being a spot where the
erring children of Men are reclaimed and won back to
the paths of virtue and honesty, where a wise and good
Government pursues those measures which can best en-
sure the reformation of its criminals, it is converted into
a frightful pandemonium, where the comparatively good
are initiated into a knowledge of vice and wickedness, of
the existence of which they never previously dreamt.
This distant island, therefore, intended to be a theatre
for the development and growth of every latent spark
of honour and principle, is turned into a vast moral
grave, wherein is buried for ever every good and right
feeling with which a convict is possessed, when he sets
foot on its polluted shores
I am,, however, forgetting our friend, A— 13—,
As he was without money, and not allowed to bring
out clothes with hire, he found himself quite destitute in
that respect when he came again to town, and would
have laboured under a very great disadvantage in Ob-
taining employment, if dressed in the prisoner's clbthing.
I therefore sent him to my tailor, who supplied him
with a new suit, so that he now looks respectable. .The
whole expense of his rig-out, which was managed as
economically as possible, will cost the something more
than five pounds, which will be well bestowed, it I can
get him a situation away from his vile associates, and so
be the means of saving one victim of imperial expedi-
ency. I have great hopes of him ; he appears very
grateful, and, I trust, will do well. If he should die-
crer4t tho description I have given of him to those whom
have spoken tu on his behalf, by misbehaving, I shall
of course be compelled to abandon him to his fate.

[ADVERTISENENT].—SIGHT AND HEARING.-89,
Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, Newly-Invented Spectacles, Powerful
Telescopes, Opera Glasses, Microscopes, &c.—Patronized by his Ma-
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the Dukes of Devonshire, Norfolk, Argyle, Marlborough, and Man-
chester, Bishops of Exeter, Lincoln, Cork, Elphin,'Kilmore, and Kil-
dare. MeSsrs. S. and B. Solomons, oculists and opticians, have
invented Spectacle Lenses upon a new construction. Immediately
they are placed before imperfect vision, either by day or candlelijit,
that mist and dullness which appears before the eyes is at once re-
, moved, every object becomes clear and distinct, so that the most aged
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youthful natural and original state. Also the most powerful Achro-
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of Acoustic Instruments for relief of extreme dealhess. Caution—
Messrs. S. and II Solumons, opticians, are not in any way connected
wills a person of the same name in their immediate neighbourhood.
To prevent mistakes, be cautious, and'observe— Only to be had at 39,
Albemarle-street, l'iccadilly, opposite the York Hotel.
[ADVERTISEMENTi.—iIiaIkway's Ointment and Pills
are producing immensd sensation in the Bahama Islands. A letter
received recently from-Mr. Frederick Williams, of Nassau, states,
I know of many 'here that have tried Holloway's Ointment and
Pills, and who have derived the greatest benefit front their use. One
case in particular, a lady, whose foot was in such a dreadful state
that, to save her :ile, amputation was deemed necessary, and yet she
ri.giiitied the complete use of her limb by these celebrated medicines.
Any wound, sore, ulcer, abscess, or bad leg, evop; o!_,ti‘,'enatyll
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dealers in medicines, and at Prolbsaor Holloway's s anent,
years' standing, will readily heal by their appAcs!tioEi 'sot
244,' Strand, London.
ILLEGITIMATE C lIILDDEN IN IBELAND.—Thereturn
'win the worlshouses in
'of women having illegitimate
to Mr. Sharman Crawford's.motion fo: an accouet of the "number
endingt clhildren
he 2511 s of September, 1845,
Ireland duringthe house OfCommons. From the
workhouses It appearithe Numbers
st‘i•ianis
n)cea yesterday Via
epirrriereitturel/111::;froYoen,ai !reflo,f,
period were—wore having illegitimate
children„
relievedd2uroi,nlg. ,
the aboveillegitimate
Mr. Alderman litimphery patrd off (ni Tuesday night
children, 3,638.
with Mr. Mackinnon iu favour of Mr. C. Villiers' Motion, for ins.
Wed lat e repeal.