The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-20 00:00:00

rnands, enforced in the most audacious manner. The
peace of the country depends on the firmness of the
authorities. They must afford employment to the
industrious and well-disposed ; they must fully and
immediately remove every well-grounded cause of
complaint; they must see that every man, wining to
work, shall receive for his labour wages sufficient to
afford a reasonable quantity of food for the support
of his family. And having thus discharged their
duty, they must see that the majesty of the law is
respected, and that it shall not in any instance be
outraged with impunity, but that the ringleaders of
outrages shall, in every respect, be dealt with accord-
ing to their deserts, and punished for their miscon-
duct. By such means only can they hope to over-
come their difficulties, and to preserve the peace and
tranquillity of the nation.

Count STADION, the Governor of Austrian Galicia,
has issued a proclamation, dated Lemberg, Oct. 6,
which is published in the SiJesian Gazette of the Bth,
placing under martial law the whole of Austrian
Galicia, with the exception of Balkowina.

The King of BAVARIA has declared war against
the press. In the last Council of Ministers, held at
Munich, it was resolved to follow the example given
by the Duchy of Brunswick, and suppress all
journals. All authorisations to publish journals in
Bavaria are to be revoked after the Ist of January,
1847, and on that day the Government will publish
a daily State Gazette of a large size, which is to be
the only journal that is to appear in Bavaria.
A letter from Rome, Oct. 9, says—

" The examination which has just been made by order
of the Pope into the state of the prisons throughout. the
Roman states shows that they contain upwards of
54,000 condemned prisoner!, or nearly two per cent. of
the whole population. Their support costs so much the
more on the one hand, as by ancient usage they are
every day furnished with ample rations of bread and
wine ; and on the other, the public works, which our
Government has to execute, are not sufficient to employ
the twentieth part of the galley slaves. In order to de-
liver the Roman finances from a part of the immense
expense which the support of these men necessitates, the
Government has decided to set at liberty all the prisoners
condemned to five years' punishment and under, and to
urge on with the utmost activity the negotiations already
commenced with France for the purpose of establishing
in Algeria, as colonists, our forcats condemned to twenty
years' hard labour or upwards."

Intelligence has been received from Lisbon to the
12th, one day later than the news published yester-
day. The gurantia has been suspended, as well as
the publication of the journals, and the partisans of
the corrupt Cabral Administration have been all
restored to office. The large armed force collected
in Lisbon, which is officered exclusively by Ca-
bralista partisans, keeps the capital quiet, but the pro-
vinces are preparing for a vigorous resistance.
The Duke of TERCEIRA, who had been sent by the
new Government to Oporto, to restore the Cabralista
regime in that city, was arrested immediately on his
landing, and Viscount DAS ANTAS, who was in com-
mand of the troops in the northern provinces, has
proclaimed the Prince Royal as King, under the title
of Don PEDRO -V., the Viscount taking upon himself
the office of Regent provisionally.

Madrid papers of the 13th have been received.
The Herald() declares that an amnesty will shortly
be published.

The QUEEN and the King Consort, accompanied
by the Queen-Alother, and the Duke and Duchess of
AIONTPENSIEE, attended the theatre on the evening of
the 12th, and were well received. The Duke DE
MONTPENSIER and the INFANTA leave Madrid for Paris
on the 24th inst.

The Tiempo says that Mr. BULWER, has no
attended the Court since the marriage.
The Madrid Bolsa continued closed.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday.
The Ministerial papers, the Moniteur Parisien and
,he Journal des Debats, contain articles on the Mont-
pensier marriage, intended to prove that that marriage
is not a violation of the treaty of Utrecht. Now, it
is not so contended in the English protest, as we read
it, because if it were, the contracting of the marriage
itself would be a casus bell. The contention of the
English Government is, that by the treaty of
Utrecht the issue of that marriage are in-
capable of succeeding to the Crown of Spain.
The arguments, therefore, of the French Ministry
are completely beside the question ; and the cases
produced of marriages contracted during the period
the succession to the Spanish Crown was regulated
by the Salic law, as established by PHILIP V., are
not cases in point.
The recent counter-revolution in Portugal is
attributed by most of these journals to the intrigues
of M. GUIZOT. It is somewhat remarkable that the
Marquis of SALDANHA should have visited Paris
immediately after the accession of the Duke of
PALMELLA, that no sooner does the Marquis SAL-
DANIIA arrive in Lisbon than SILVA CABRAL quits
Spain for Paris, and that on the arrival of SILVA
CABRAL in Paris, the coup d'etat takes place in
Portugal.
In commenting on Portuguese affairs, the Siecle
says—
" The news of the counter-revolution which took
place on the 6th, in Portugal, is hailed by the Ministe-
rial journals of Spain with a very imprudent joy. In
this reaction these journals behold a complete return to
the monarchical order, and a very significant check to
English influence. The revolution menaced the charter
of Dom Pedro; but it is well known that this charter is
the work of England—that it was taken to Portugal by
ten thou-
that when
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London precipitately for Lisbon. Not only this con-
stitution is dear to the English by its origin, but by the
clause which establishes religious toleration, and opens
the door to Protestant missionaries. The Duke de
bl'uatlmhießhaaids
which this counter-revolution has taken place ought to
be borne in mind. England affirms that the marriage
of the Duke of Montpensier will excite a rising
in Spain, and it throws on the French Government
the responsibility of the events which, she asserts,
it provokes by her ambitious policy.
An alliance
between the Carlists and the Progressiats is not pos-
sible ; but the same cannot be said of an alliance between
the Spanish Progressists and the Portuguese Liberals.
Does not the counter-revotution of October 6 present a
pretext for this alliance ? And if civil war bursts out,
will not England find means to force the French Go-
vernment to an intervention full of perils, or to an act
of baseness which would have the effect of disconsider-
ing it in Europe ? Is it very certain that the Duke de
Palmella has fallen fairly in seeking to extend liberty in
Portugal ? Has not this diplomatist, who sees no safety
for his country except in the patronage of Great Britain,
acted upon the counsels of Lord Howard de Walden ?
These are suppositions which should be paid attention to
more than the organs of the Spanish Government seem
inclined to do."
The France is not one whit more favourable to M.
GUIZOT. It thus comments on the consequences
likely to arise from the very clever line of policy
which M. GUIZOT is pursuing :
" The Ministerial revolution in Portugal is confirmed
by the letters which we have just received. The pro-
clamation signed by Donna Maria, and addressed to
the Portuguese people, leaves no doubt of the real
character of this coup d'etat. It is certainly a re-
action in favour of the Cabral party, or rather of the
doctrinaire policy of France. The arrival of M.
Carreira, the Portuguese Ambassador, at Paris, would
of itself be sufficient to confirm us in this opinion.
M. Guizot and the Reactionists of Lisbon have not,
undoubtedly, seen how brutally clumsy is this mode
of acting. On one hand, public opinion in Por-
tugal is manifestly opposed to that pretended Moderado
party which it not long since overturned, at the time of
the revolution against the Cabrals. In the second place,
the British influence, against which the late movement
has been directed, has become deeply rooted in Portugal.
If, then the elements of the last revolution but one have
not ceased to subsist in Lisbon, if the anti-English
influence has lost nothing of its reality, what can M.
Guizot, what can the Portuguese Reactionists hope
for from the new coup d'etat? Not only is this reaction
inopportune, but, in our opinion, the abruptness with
which it has been effected reveals the most com-
plete unskilfulness. M. Guizot, we are all aware,
expects to derive a great political profit from
this event in the present state of things. He already
dreams of a grand alliance between France and the Pe-
ninsula, united under the same network of action, and
fused together by a common political responsibility.
This hope, it must be allowed, is somewhat vain. The
community of interests between us and the Peninsula
cannot be of a nature to lend us a serious support, a
real force, in the great differences which now hang over
Europe. With so slight a help, we should run a great
risk of playing the parts of persons disdained, and of
seeing ourselves unceasingly humiliated by the different
cabinets. In a word, it would be to add new mystifica-
tions to those of the past. It is not at a moment so
solemn for us, when the gravest conflicts and difficul-
ties present themselves in the political horizon, that the
French Cabinet ought to devote its efforts to the petty
success of intrigues like that which it appears to huve
obtained in Lisbon. Our necessary support is not to be
found on that side. It remains to be seen it a Govern-
ment which has issued from the revolution of 1630 can
find it elsewhere."

The Moniteur publishes a royal ordinance, grant-