The Sun.
London, England, 1846-06-17 00:00:00

of valuable mines of lead and copper. We plate in the
Appendix an extract from Governor Grey's Annual Re-
port for 1844, containing some interesting observations
both on the mines and on the generally favourable pros-
pects of the colony.
The source of wealth thus unexpectedly opened to the
colonists appeared to offer a favourable opportunity of
providing for a revenue, which, without being onerous,
might keep pace with the growth of prosperity in the
colony. Accordingly, in compliance with Lord Stanley s
directions to consider the subject, we consulted with
different gentlemen connected with the management of
mines in England, and with others desirous of embarking
capital in mining operations in South Australia; and vie
submitted our views to his Lordship in a report, dated
the 14th of May last. His Lordship referred the whole
matter to the Governor, authorising him to establish,
with the advice of the Executive Council, sucb rules as
might appear best adapted to the circumstances of the
colony, subject, however, to their being confirmed, dis•
allowed, or modified by her Majesty's Government.
By the latest accounts the demand for labour conti-
nued, particularly for agricultural labourers, shepherds,
mechanics, miners, and female domestic servants ; and
notwithstanding a considerable: influx of labourerS
(amounting in the year 1804 to 809, and in the first
quarter of 1825 to 613), the previous high rates of wages
were maintained.

CANADA.
The following particulars of sales have been gathered
from the Land returns for 1844:—Farm (or country) lots,
381 ; town lots, 838 ; park (or suburban) lots, 70: total►
1,289. Producing 26,0741. 18i. 7d.
The number of immigrants lan.led at the ports of
Quebec and Montreal in 1845 was 25,375, of whom 633
were cabin passengers. A comparison of this aggregate,
with the return of 1844, shows an increase of 5,233'
equal to 26 per cent.

It is not practicable to ascertain precisely the number
of departures from the province to the United States.
Mr. Buchanan estimates the number at about 4,000,
which is more by 2,800 than went in the preceding year,
while the number of arrivals by way of the United States
does not appear to exceed 2,600, making the accession
to the population cons quent to the year's immigration
_
to be between 23,000 and 24,000 persons. Several of
them were possessed of moderate capital, and pro-
eeedfd at once to purchase partially improved pro-
perties, or to enter into trade. A larger proportion
were small farmers, with sufficient means to enable
them to establish themselves advantageously on
wild lands; but the great bulk were agricultural labourers,
many of whom had nothing even for their immediate
support. The total expenditure on the relief of destitute
immigrants, including the cost of agency, was 6,9441.
4s. 2d. currency, being an increase of 2,0001. Bs. scl. on
that of the preceding year. The charges for agency in
the two years was nearly equal. The disbursements for
buildings and repairs amounted to 732/. Bs. 2d. in 1844,
and only 961. ss. 6d. in 1845. The increase, therefore,_
for direct assistance to emigrant families was upwards of
2,6001. Some allowance must be made for there having
been a larger emigration, but the chief cause of the In-
creased expenditure last par was the enhanced rates 01
transport on the routes between Montreal and King'
ston, the passage having been raised from 4s. to Ws. for
an adult.

We are sorry to notice, that although the average
length of the voyage was somewhat less than in the
preceding. year there was an increase in the mortality
both during the voyage and in hospital after arrivai•
Many cases of fever and small-pox were sent to hospital,
and the medical superintendent has mainly attributed the
origin of the disease to the crowded, filthy, and ill-ven-
tilated lodgings occupied by the emigrants previously to
tht•ir embarkation.
The. number of passenger vessels during the Pas!
season was 256. Of these not more than 147 al'
within the regulations of the Passengers' Act, and con-
sequently a very considerable number sailed from ails
country without any previous inspection by Government
officers.

IMMIGRATION INTO THE MAURITIUS.
It is desirable to begin by referring very briefly t° the
histor of emigration from India tois colon.
The first emigration commenced in 1834 and ended ill
1839. It was carried on entirely by private enterprise'
The labourers were introduced under contracts of serviced
which after 1837 were limited in duration to five years, and
the emigrants were entitled at the end of that period to a
free passage back to India. The abuses to which this systera
..0
was found to give rise were formidable; amongst the evils
proved to have been inflicted on the emigrants, it may
suffice to enumerate kidnapping, actual confinenien.t in
Calcutta itself, and compulsory embarkation, bestaes
contracts on disadvantageous terms, which nevertheless„
were seldom, if ever, strictly fulfilled. The number
o
persons introduced in this first emigration from Indio
was 25,468, of whom 24,566 were male labourers.
At the end of 1842, the emigration was re-opellea
under the direct superintendence of Government officers,
and a bounty was made payable in Mauritius on the
immigrants. No contract for service could be made
out of the colony, and none within the colony for a
longer period than one year. This mode of emigre'
don happily proved exempt from the former evils.
It continued throughout 1843, and for the first few
months of 1844, when it was succeeded by the third
md present system, under which the whole mea-
sures for the selection and conveyance of the emigrants
are devolved exclusively on a responsible Goverment
officer. This change was made partly with a view of
lessening the expenses, and partly of obtaining a better
,election of emigrants, including a larger proportion of
women, in both of which respects it would appear from
she reports to have bee n attended with success. The
hole number introduced under the renewed emigration,
from the commencement of 1843 to the end of 1844,1
appears to have been 46,014, of whom 39,244 were Ina"'
labourers.
From these statements it follows that, in the course °. _f
ten years, 71,482 people were introduced from India into
the island of Mauritius, of whom no less than 63,816 were
male labourers or servants.
unsi INDIA.
IMMIGRATION INTO THE WEST INDIES--F--- •
On this important service, the steps to be taken _in thise
country last year formed at first a question of
some
difficulty ; we issued, in the month of May,
the approval of the Secretary of State, an
advertisement, calling for tenders of any ship:
ping which the owners would offer on the chance or
the Indian agents being able to supply them with auk
grants. It was found, however, that shipowners would
not offer ships on these terms, except at rates which are .
deemed higher than it was expedient to pay. Seeing,
therefore, that in the meanwhile much more encourag-
ing accounts had arrived from Madrid (the port where
the collection of emigrants had at first seemed most
doubtful) and taking into consideration the express desire
of the West India committee in this country, we were
authorised, in the month of June, to issue a second ad-
vertisement for tenders, under which a complement of
emigrants was guaranteed to the shipowner.
The consequence of the advertisement issued on these
terms, and another of a similar nature that followed,
was the engagement of thirty-one vessels, capable of
conveying about 8,000 coolies. The rates at which
they were taken up varying from 141. to 15s. 10s. per
adult for the voyage from India to the West Indies.
Turning now from the measures taken in England,
we proceed to the information which has been received
from India. Both at Calcutta and Madras, offices
have been formed, including on the establishment at
each station, a surgeon for the examination of the
emigrants, paid at the rate of 2001. per annum. At
Madras, Captain Wilson has contracted for the sup"
ply of clothing required by coolies on the voyage,
and also for provisions during their maintenance in,
depot, previous to their embarkation. The clothing of
each adult emigrant will cost about 21s. for males, and
159. for females, and the maintenance in depot will cost
341 d. per diem for each adult. Captain Wilson has also
entered into a contract with a native for the collection
of such emigrants as may be required, at a charge of
about 10s. per statute adult. All the emigrants sent by
Captain Wilson in the seasons of 1844-5 appear to have
been procured by this individual.
By dispatches recently received we are glad to learn
that the Indian Act has been altered, so that emigration
may commence at Madras at an earlier period, viz., on
the let of September, instead of the Ist of October of
each year. This will be a very useful alteration, which
was much called for by the nature of the seasons O
Madras.
In the season of 1845-6, there were introduced into
Jamaica, British Guiana, and Trinidad, 8,131 emigrants
irom India.