The Sun.
London, England, 1833-09-16 00:00:00

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

BETTING AT D ONCASTER,

UP TO SATURDAY NIGHT AT TWELVE O'CLOCK.

DONCASTER ST. LEGER.
5 to 2 agst Duke of Cleveland's Muley Moloch
5 to 1 agst Mr. Watts's Rockingham
7 to 1 agst Mr. Walker's Mussulman
81 to 1 agst Mr. Watt's Belshazzar
13 to 1 agst Colonel Crawford's The Mole
13 to 1 agst Mr. Osbaldiston's Tutor
17 to 1 agst Mr. Rawlinson's Revenge
18 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Jack Faucet (20 to 1 taken)
25 to 1 agst Mr. Walker's Annc
274 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Deceiver
274 to 1 agst Mr. Chifney's Connoisseur
334, to 1 agst Mr. Hunter's Forester
50 to 1 agst Laurel's dam
50 to 1 agst Lot
100 to 1 agst Dancingmaster

A very erroneous article having appeared in
the daily papers, stating that the late lion. Percy
Wyndham's personal property amounted to nearly
500,0001., we have authority to state that it did not
amount to 45,0001., and that his acting executor has
proved under that sum.

The Duchess of Kent has graciously and
kindly given a benefaction of 51. to the Portsmouth and
Portsea Female Penitentiary.

Lord LEvisoN GOWER, second son of the
late Duke of SUTHERLAND, by his father's death, becomes
possessed of the vast estates of the Duke of BRIDGEWATER,
amounting to nearly one hundred thousand pounds per
annum, arising in part from extensive canal property in
the North of England. The Duke of SUTHERLAND had
the foresight to guard against the depreciation of original
canal investments, occasioned by the introduction of rail-
roads, and accordingly subscribed two or three hundred
thousand pounds in the Liverpool, Manchester, and
Birminghiln speculation.

CHELTENHAM, SEPT. 13.—His Royal
Highness the Duke of GLOUCESTER gave his farewell
dinner yesterday, and started for Windsor this day to pay
a visit to their MAJESTIES. The Duke and Duchess of
ST. ALBANS are gone to the sea-side, but will return in a
few days. The Duke having sent for his falcons, we shall
have an opportunity of seeing how our forefathers supplied
themselves with game, without the aid of powder and shot.
The Derwent Water Estates, which were
without a tenant for nearly a century, now begin to as-
sume a new feature. Mr. M rshall, of Yorkshire, the
purchaser two years since, is making magnificent improve-
ments in architectnre and agriculture.

ROBBERY AT SIR-THOMAS HAMMOND'S:
—lnformation was given on Saturday evening that a
robbery had just been committed at Sir Thomas Ham-
mond's, N. '7, Dean-street, by getting over the court
yard Wall, which abuts upon some stables at the back of
the house, and from thence through the window of a
private water-closet, which is upwards of 16 feet from
the ground. The robber proceeded up stairs into one of
the bed-rooms, and broke open a drawer, from which he
took a large gold box, of the value of 50
guineas. From
a lower room, the same thief took another gold box,
valued at 30 guineas, with both of which valuables he
decamped undiscovered.

LITERATURE.

ILLUSTRATIONS OFPOLITICAL ECO-
NOMY, No. XX.

" CINNAMON AND PEARLS." A TALE. ET HARRIET

MARTINEAU.

We noticed on a former occasion a grave
error into which we thought Miss Martineau had
fallen in this work, by representing that the
wages of the pearl diver would be raised, and his
condition bettered by the fishery being thrown
open. 'With that exception, the tale before us
is no less remarkable for its power of insinuating
into minds the most reluctant, the great truths
of political science, than for its poetic beauties.
Her main object is to exhibit the wretchedness of
the fallacies on which our colonial system has to
a considerable extent rested. The following
extract contains an eloquent summary of the
various evils under which the Cingalese have long

laboured :
" If the drought had been confined to the western
coast of Ceylon, its effects would have been very de-
plorable, from the poverty of the people, though, from
their being in the habit of the regular importation of
rice, they were more sure of some extent of supply
than if they had been dependant on their own scanty
crops. But this year the drought extended to some of
the districts of the neighbouring country, from which
rice was annually imported to a large amount. This,
again, would have mattered little, if the inhabitants had
had the means of purchasing from a greater distance ;
but these means could not be within the reach of a
colony whose productions were monopolized by the
mother country. Hundreds of thousands of the inhabi-
bitants of Ceylon, who, if allowed the usual inducements
to an accumulation of capital, world have been in com-
mon times purchasers of the innumerable comforts which
the world yields, and in the worst seasons placed far
above the reach of want, were reduced by a single delay
of the monsoon to such a condition as rendered it
doubtful whether they would ever be purchasers of any
thing. Again, want of capital was the grievance from
whic all other temporal grievances arose in this region
of natural wealth and superabundant beauty ; and this
want of capital was caused by the diversion of labour
from its natural channels, through the interference of the
evil spirit of monopoly.
" Streams ran down from the mountains ; and on
either side of the streams were levels which lay waste
and bare for want of irrigation ; and on the banks of
these streams lived a population which subsisted on un-
wholesome and unseasoned or deficient food. These waters
could not be made useful, these plains could not be ferti-
lized, these people could not be fed, because the natural
wealth of the country was not permitted to create capital
to the inhabitants.

" The cotton tree might be met with growing luxu-
riantly wherever the hand of man or of nature had caused
it to take root ; yet those who lived within reach of its
boughs bid themselves in the woods for the scantiness of
their clothing, or went without some other necessary, i❑
order to furnish themselves expensively with cotton cloth
which had been woven four thousand miles off. That it
should be woven where it was, and sold where it was,
was well ; but that the purchasers should not have the
raw materials to exchange for the wrought, or something
else to offer which should not leave them destitute, spoke
ill for the administrators of their affairs.

" Potters' clay abounded in the intervals between
soils which offered something better ; and here and
there a rude workman was seen ' working his work
on the wheel,' as in the days of Jeremiah the prophet,
and marring the clay, a❑d making another vessel, as it
seemed good to the potter. It would have seemed good
to him to make better vessels, to improve his craft,
and bring up his children to the art, and supply house-
holds at a greater distance with utensils, and get wealth
and contentment, but that he had no money to spend
on improvements, and that if his children tried to get
any, they could find no free scope for their enterprise.
" Herds of buffaloes were seen feeding amongst the
rank vegetation of the hills; and many a peasant would
have gone among them, morning and evening, with his
bottle of hide slung over his shoulder, and many a
maiden with her vase poised upon her bead, if a free
commerce in ghee had been permitted with the Arabs,
who must drink a cupful of it every morning, and
with the multitude of dwellers in the Eastern Archi-
pelago, who want it for anointings, for food, for sacri-
fice, and other purposes which now cost them dear.
But the buffaloes might graze in peace, the peasants
being permitted to sell ghee only to those who could
not buy, or who did not consume ghee.
" There were cocoa nut fibres enough to spin a coir
rope which might mea.ure the equator; but coir was
so taxed, as soon as it bacame rope, that the Govern-
ment need have little fear that any would buy but itself,
and those who could get no cheaper cordage.
" Chay root, yielding the red dye which figures on
Indian chintses, spread itself far and wide through the
light dry soil near the coast. How it should hurt the
British Government that all nations should have red
roses on their chintses, had not been satisfactorily ex-
plained ; but it was the will of that Government that
few should do so. The Government bought up every
ounce of chay root which its Cingalese subjects were
obliging enough to sell. There was much loyalty in
thus furnishing chay root ; the diggers being paid a good
deal less than half the price which the Government de-
manded from its purchasers.
" The fragrance of spices was borne on every breeze ;
shells of various beautiful forms were thrown up by every
tide ; tortoiseshell might be had for the trouble of po-
lishing, and ivory for that of hunting the elephant ;
&crack flowed for any one who would set it running
from the tree ; canes to make matting and baskets were
trodden down from their abundance; the topaz and the
amethyst, the oral, the garnet, the ruby, and the sap-
phire, jet, crystal, and pearls, were strewed as in fairy
land ; the jack wood, rivalling the finest mahogany,
ebony. satin wood, and the finely veined calaminda,
grew like thorns in the thicket ; yet the natural proprie-
tors of this wealth, to which the world looked with long-
ing eyes, were half fed, and not clothed ; and their Eng-
lish fellow subjects located in a far less favourable habita•
Con, were taxed to afford them such meagre support as
they had.
" The world had rolled back with the Cingalase. Monu-
ments were before them at every step, which showed that
their country had been more populous than now, and their
forefathers more prosperous than themselves. They were
now too many for their food—too many for the labour
which their rulers vouchsafed to call for; yet they were
but a million and a half on a territory which had sus-
tained in more comfort a much greater number without
taxing a dist- nt nation to give unproductive aid to a puny
people, and before the advantages of national interchange
had been fully ascertained. There were traces of times—
before the English artisan was called upon to co❑tribute
his mite to his tawny brother over the sea ; before the
Government complained of the expense of its colony; be-
fore murmurs arose about the scanty supply of cinnamon,
while the Honourable Company was claiming compensa-
tion for an over-supply ; before the rulers at Culumbo
began to be at their wits' end to find means for keeping
up their credit ; before the expenditure of the colony so
far exceeded its revenue, as that the inquiry began among
certain wise ones, where was the great advantage of hav-
ing a colony, which, however rich in name and appear-
ance, cost more than it produced—there were traces of
happier times, when the world seemed to have been wiser,
however younger, than at present; or when the Cinga•
lese had been under a wiser away than that which was now
calling upon them for perpetual submission and gratitude.
The Dutch might have been hard task-masters; but it
was now felt that the English were yet more so ; and,
however much submission might be yielded, because it
could not be refused, there was small room for gratitude,
as any one would have admitted who could have drawn
an accurate comparison between the condition of the fo-
reign and the native, the producing and the commercial,
population of the western portion of the island during this
season of hardship.
" The Dutch-built houses, inhabited by foreign agents,
displayed all their usual luxuries ; carpeted with fragrant
mats, gemmed with precious stones, perfumed with spicy
oils, and supplied with food a❑d drinks purchased
most
native produce from foreign lands. The of the-ill.
humbler neighbours, meanwhile, wee-,
gathering together in 'hu°ni .pbaartr,.e
empty
ofof fur-
niturein.co nsoi a
taino dn f:ino dt ,h e and,
open
vgroups Eastern
rou
peso countries rtlhe
es seem to
road-side fi nodr
P:sli"
foarii-n times of extreme hardship ;
e,thienir
tsiiinckeooni
itahnelinhea,ngkaszinofg
patiently on
in-
habitants. i
the
hanenl
only
sea-shore,
e.
al
7sTihnohgle,
s
the food which is carried before their eyes, and waiting
for death as the sun goes down. Such were the groups
now seen on the shores of the Like of Columbo, and in
tna❑y an open space among the spoiled paddy-fields ;
while the foreigners, from whom they were wont to receive
ther pittance, were engaged with their curries, their
coffee, and their meats from many climes. Thus was it
during the day; while at night the distribution of action

was reversed. The foreigners slept at ease in their cooled
and darkened apartments, or, if they could not rest, had
nothing worse to cempliin of than a mosquito foe; while
their native neighbours were silently forming funeral piles
along the shore ; silently bringing more wood and more
from the tickets, as others of their caste dropped dead at
length ; silently laying out the corpses ; silently watching
over them as they turned to ashes, and placing the limbs
decently as they fell asunder ; silently arranging themselves
so that the funeral fire played in their dark eyes, and
shonetillt
h eomn
otrinieiinrgwborrenezeapnidseld uanokyt
thefram last
es; silently waiting
flickering flame
and dispersed the handful of white ashes which was all that
remained of the parent who had murmured his blessing at
sunset, or the wife who had whispered her farewell at
midnight, or the infant whose breath had parted with the
summons of the dawn. Silently were these rites perfarind ;
insomuch that any chance watcher in the neighbouring
verandah heard no ether interruption to the splash of
waters than the crackling of flames, and would not have
guessed that bands of patient sufferers were gathered
round this fearful sacrifice to the evil spirit of Monopoly—
a sacrifice as far from appeasing the dre,non as from tes-
tifying to the willing homage of his priests. There were
not among the gentle Cingalese any of the fierce passions
which this daemon commonly delights to unleash among
his victims; none of the envy, jealousy, and hatred with
which the desperately miserable enhance their desperation
and their misery. Instead of jostling one another, these
sufferers sat side by side; instead of gnashing their teeth
at each other, they were altogether heedless of neigh-
bourhood ; instead of inflicting injuries, they merely
ceased to confer mutual benefits. No aged man com
plained of violence, but sank down disappointed, when he
found the water-pot—placed for the traveller's refresh-
ment—empty by the wayside. No wearied woman mur-
mured at being dislodged from the sheltered bench on the
bridge; but neither did those, who had niched themselves
there to seek forgetfulness in sleep, stir to make way for
a fellow-sufferer. No child was driven from its chance
meal by a stronger arm than its own; but neither was
there a look or a word to spare for the little ones (more
tenacious of life than their parents), who crept from their
dead mother to their dying father, trying in vain to suck
life from the sunken breasts of the one, and to unclose the
fixed eyes of the other. Some who remained in their ha-
bitations in the woods, if less destitute, were not less
miserable. If the sight and scent of the bread-fruit were
too strong for the fortitude of some, they ate under the full
conviction that they were exchanging famine for leprosy.
Whether the belief in this effect of the fruit was right or
wrong, those who believed and yet ate suffered cruelly for
the want of rice. If a follower of Drama, in passing a ruin,
saw a cow browsing on some pinnacle, and in a fit of des-
peration, called the sacred creature down to be made food of,
he found himself gnawed by the consciousness of his in-
expiable crime as fearfully as by his previous hunger. An
ample importation of rice--such as might always be ‘e-
cured by the absence of restrictions on commerce—would
have saved to these the pangs of conscience, till a better
knowledge had had time to strike root and ripen for har-
vest, as it would have spared to others the agonies of
hunger while their rice grounds were awaiting the latter
rains, and preparing to become fruitful again in their
season. As it was, all were prevented making the most
of their own soil from want of capital ! and, while rendered
dependant on the importation of grain, were denied the
means of insuring that importation. By the exorbitant
taxation of some of their articles of produce, and the pro-
hibition to sell others to any buyer but the Government,
the Cingalese were deprived of all chance of securing a sub-
sistence, and of all inducement to accumulate property."

The story into which the scientific part of the
volume is worked up, contains more than' usual
interest. The curiosity of the half civilized
savage is well drawn in the character of Rayo,
whilst the love borne to him by the simple
Marana, sheds an interest over him which no-
thing else could bestow. After practising as a
diver on the conch banks, the hero is engaged
as. a pearl diver. The following is the beautiful
description Miss Martineau gives of the first
plunge :

DESCENT OF RAYO, THE PEARL-DIVER.
" The splash of the thousand men who descended
within the circle took away his breath as effectually as the
closing waters were about to deprive him of it. It was
a singular sight to see the half of this vast marshalled
company thus suddenly engulfed, and to think of them, in
one moment after, as forming a human population at the
bottom of the sea. To be a subject of the experiment,
was to the full as strange as to witness it ; as Rayo found,
when the minute of his companions' suhmersion was at
length over, and a thousand faces (very nearly scarlet,
notwithstanding their tawny skins) rushed up through the
green wave. Spouting, dripping, and panting, they con-
vulsively jerked their burden of oysters out upua the plat-
form, and then tried to deliver their news from the re-
gions below; but for this news their comrades must not
wait. Down went Rap, to find out the difference
between three fathoms and nine. How far the lively idea
of a shark's row of teeth might have quickened his per-
ceptions, he did not himself inquire; but he was con-
scious of a more dazzling flash before his eyes, a sharper
boring of the drum of his ear, and a general pressure sin
much stronger than ever before, that it would have been
easy for him to believe, if he had been a Hinduo, like his
neighbours, that he supported the tortoise that supported
the elephant that supported the globe. He could see
nothing at first in the dizzy green that was suffocating and
boiling him ; but that did not signify, as he had no time
to look about him. He thought he was descending clean
into a shark's jaws, so sharp was that against which his
left great-toe struck, when his descent from the ninth,
heaven to the ninetieth abyss was at length accomplished.
(How could any one call it nine fathoms?) On ?fleeting
this shark's tooth, or whatever else it was, yelling was
found to be out of the question. It was luckily forgotten
in the panic, that the rope was to be pulled in else of ac-
cident; luckily, as there was no alternative between
Rayo's losing all credit as a diver, and the fishing being
at an end for that day, from his spreading the alarm of a
shark. He did not pull the rope; he only pulled up his
left leg vigorously enough to assure himself that it was
still in its proper place; by which time he discovered that
he had only mistaken a large gaping oyster for a hungry
shark. Rayo's great-toe being not exactly the viand that
this oyster had a longing for, it ceased to gape; and Rayo
manfully trampled it under foot, before wrenching it kora
the abode of which its seven years' lease had this day ex -
pired. These oysters required a terrible wrenching, con-
sidering that there was no taking breath between. Now
he had got the knack. A pretty good handful, that
!
St. Anthony! where did that slap in the face come fulan
—so cold and stunning? Rayo's idea of a buffet from the
Devil was, that it would be hot ; so he took heart, and
supposed it was a fish, as indeed it was. He must go
now,-0 ! 0! he must go. He should die now before
he could get up through that immeasurable abyss. But
where was the rope? St. Anthony ! where was the
rope? He was list! No! it was the rope slapped his
face this time. Still he was lost ! A shadowy, striding
mountain was coming upon him,—too enormous to be any
fish but a whale. Suppose Rayo should be the first to
see a whale in these seas ! St. Anthony ! it was one of
his companions. If they were not gone up yet, could not
he stay an instant longer, and so avoid being made allow,
:ruse for as the youngest diver of the party? No, not an
instant. He rather thought he must be dead already, for
it was hours since he breathed. He was alive enough,
however, to coil himself in the rope. Then he went to
sleep for a hundred years ; then,—what is this? dawn ?
A green dawn ?—brighter,—lighter,—vistas. of green
light everywhere, with wriggling forms shooting from end
to end of them. Pah ! here's a mouthful of oor. Rayo
should not have opened his mouth, Here is the air at
last ! Rayo does not care ; the water does as well by
this time. If he is not dead now, water will never kill
him, for lie has been A lifetime under it.

" Well, Rayo," aays the captain, " you have done pretty
well for the time. You have been under water a ful'
minute, and one man in up before you. Here coloes
another."
" A full minute !"

Even so. Who has not Knife through more than this in
a dream of less than a minute? and yet more if he has
been in sudden o°-..11 of instant death, when the entire life
is lived over again, with the single difference of all its
""ents being contemporaneous?

The Patriote de Saone et Loire states that
a troop of wolves, which infests the neighbourhood of
Chalons sur Soane, came up, a few days since, to the
walls of the promenade of Sainte Marie, and
a young mare, and tore several horses that were in the
a istures. devoured

CAUTION TO LICENSED VICTUALLERS.
—On Wednesday evening a man entered the Prince of
Wales, kept by Mrs. Gower, in Church-lane, Whitechapel,
and having requested change for a sovereign, which he
tendered, Mrs. Gower took out a canvas b ,g, containing
lour 5/. notes, one 10/. bank note, and 25 sovereign,,,with about SO shillings, and was counting the
when the fellow snatched away the bag, and untu""ge'
of the bowie, managed to escape. ng uut