The Sun.
London, England, 1846-03-05 00:00:00

In the Country.

J. David, mister, Langharne, Carmarthenshire, March 27,
at eleven, at the Bristol District Court—T. and J. Gundry,
merchants, Goldsithney, Cornwall, April 2, at one, at the
Exeter District Court—W. Smethurst, Jacquard-machine
makers, March 25, at twelve, at the Manchester District
Court.

CERTIFICATES to be granted, unless cause be shown to

the contrary, on the day herein mentioned.
A. Bunnett, window-blind maker, Newington-causeway,
March 24-11. Muggeridge, wiredrawer, St. John-street,
Smithfield, March 24—C. Bartlett, merchant, Southampton,
March 24—T. Adams, calico printer, Cheapside, March 26
F. Taylor, tallow chandler, Orange-street, Red Lion-square,
March 27—A. Palmer' druggist, Feltwell, Norfolk, March 26
—W. Wilks, builder, Leeds, March 24—R. Agars, woollen-
draper, Kingston-upon-Hull, March 26—W. Lockwood,
worsted spinner, Birstal, Yorkshire, March 26—W. W. Benn,
merchant, Liverpool, March 24—J. Roberts and H. Hughes,
liuendrapers, Manchester, March 26—J. Rothchild, watch-
maker, Bristol, March 24—J. Peake, miller, Tolleshunt
Knights, Essex, March 24—A. S. Tacker and G. M. Bid-
well,
grocers, Melcombe Regis, Dorsetshire, March 24—J.
Brooks, currier, Glastonbury, Somersetshire, March 24—F.
Corduroy hatter, Liverpool, March 24—E. Malian, surgeon
dentist, Lower Brook-street, Grosvenor-square, March 24
W. Brown, ironmonger, Atherstone, Warwickshire, March 24
—W. R. Edwards, linendraper, London-road, March 24.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
R. Gould and J. R. Hall, merchants, Manchoster—J. Good-
win and W. R. Bibby, law stationers, Birmingham—W.
Ayers and R. Amer, millers, Sutton Poyntz, Dorsetshire—
S. Spooner and J. Punster, ironmongers, Castle-street,
Long Acre—T. F. and S. Adams, whip-thong makers, Bir-
mingham—J. King, J. Witt, J. Long, and F. King, mer-
chants, Southampton—T. Sands, jun., and J. Barker, woollen-
drapers, Norwich—J. Turnbull and W. Turnbull, builders,
South Shields, Durham—A. S. Thornton, E. J. C. Atterbury,
and B. B. Atterbury, commission agents, Manchester (so far
as regards B. B. Atterbury)—R. M. Giles and J. I3ayes,
starch manufacturers, Old Ford—J. llirst and J. Stocks,
carpenters, Huddersfield—J. and J. Vero, hatters, Atherstone,
Warwickshire—A. Buffery, jun., and E Buffery, uphosterers,
Stratford-upon.Avon--J. Ross and T. Cairns, drapers, Red-
ruth, Cornwall—J. Warburton and W. Parker, sharebrokers,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne—T. Grissell and S. M. Peto, builders,
York-road, Lambeth—E. Brooks and T. Brooks, silk manu-
facturers, Spital-square—A. Silcock and J. Relph, engineers,r.
Langey Burrell, Wiltshire—R. and R. C. Judd, bo_otua ke
Beak-street, Regent-street—J. Mulliner and T. Crook,
commission agents, Manchester—J. B. Prichard and J. R.
Croft, brokers, Liverpool—J. Winter and J. Jordan, fancy
waiscoating manufacturers, Huddersfield-4. J. RipPon and
W. S. Burton, Newman. street, Oxford-street—W. South-
worth and T. Porter, cheese dealers, Mawdsley. Lancashire
—E. L. Baker, E. Cantrell, jun., and E. Cantrell, sen., share-
brokers, Manchester—W. Hopkinson and J. Benson, im-
proved woollen-fabric-machine manufacturers, Leeds—O.
Gray, J. D. Hulton, T. Gray, A. D. Dangerfield, G. H.
Lovegrove, J. Fames, C. Ashdown, J. White, and R. Taylor,
printers, Salisbury-square, Fleet-street—W. C. Bell and T.
Briggs, stockbrokers, Leeds—J. Wilson, B. Walker, M. Armi-
stead, W. Waithman, R. Walker, and J. Spence, leather
dressers, Leeds.
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.
Alexander Jeffrey, printer, Jedburgh, March 7 and 28, at
twelve, at the Spread Eagle Inn, Jedburgh. _
John Bowden, merchant, Glasgow, March 5 and 26, at
twelve, at the office of Mr. Monteith Glasgow.
John Cook Neil and Co., ironfounders, Govan Haugh,
Glasgow, March 9 and 30, at one, at the chambers of Mr.
Stewart, Glasgow.
James Fleming, bootmaker, Dumfries, March 12 and
April 22, at one, at the Commercial Inn, Dumfries.
James M‘Gill and Co., victuallers, Glasgow, March 7 and
28, at twelve, at the office of Mr. Young, Glasgow.

A CONTRAST.
THE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF ENGLAND
AND FRANCE,
IT
THE BARON CHARLES DUPIN.
In 1816 the British Government, in perfect peace, victo-
rious, and tranquil, spent 86,000,0001. sterling, no part of
which was applied to the extinctionrof the national debt.
In 1814 its expenditure still exceeded 67,000,0001. In
1844, the latest period to which the accounts have been
completed, its expenditure was reduced to 55,000,0001.
In 1816 the interest of the national debt amounted to
33,500,000/. ; it is now reduced to 26,000,0001. and 4,000,0001.
of temporary annuities, which are gradually disappearing
year by year. Whilst Great Britain was obtaining these
splendid results she was effecting a vast reform in the manner
and extent of her public burdens.
Between 1815 and 1841, a balance being struck between
taxes increased and taxes diminished, this power has abo.
lished an amount of 24,000,000/. of taxation, and last year
has suppressed a further sum of 6,000,000/.
The taxes aboli,hed are those especially which paralyse
industry, and oppose obstacles to the superiority of British
commerce over that of other nations.

In effecting this, do not imagine that England has ab-
stained from carrying out gigantic enterprises, sustain-
ing mighty struggles, and defending her wide spread domi-
nions with an armed hand. She possessed in India, in the
year 1816, 80,000,000 of subjects ; she now numbers
1C0,000,000. Canada revolted ; the revolt was suppressed
by force. Her will was contested in the Syrian question ;
her ships decided the matter. China resisted the odious
commerce in opium • an expedition after the fashion of
Cortes subdued the Celestial Empire. Tiro seas existed, the
entrance of which was not under the command of England,
the Chinese Oceat. and the Red Sea. Aden and Singapore
have completed the chain of forts which bind the commerce
of the world. I admire this at the risk of being accused of
Anglmnania, the more that these results have been accom-
panied by a wise reduction of expenditure and taxation,
dating from the peace to the present moment.

-- - -
. .
In 181E1 England was, without exception, the Me relYt
heavily burdened by the weight of taxation. Site is now,in
proportion to her wealth, less taxed than Frati4e:, -is
Thirty years ago England spent 80,000,000titerlinghi1e:
we spent but the half. • .
In 1844 England spent 55,000,000/, whilit we have ex-
pended 57,500,0001.
Let us observe, at the same time, from one single fact, the,
enormous difference in the resources of the two countries for
the supply of such heavy public burdens! Looking still at-i,
1844, as a means tlir comparison, I find that the commerce- of
England, favoured by a skillful system of taxation, k so great,
that the mere amount of the produce of the soil and industry
of Great Britain sold to foreign nations, iu eleven months, is
equal to the total annual expenditure of the Treasury.
On the other hand, in France, we only behold an unlimited
increase in the taxation, and we have reached a point at
which it wculd require the amount of 23 months of the sale
of cur produce to threigners:th pay our expenditure, whilst
eleven months only suffice to the English.

STATE OF OUR CONVICTS IN

VAN DIENIEN'S LAND.

(From the Glasgow Examiner.)
We have been favoured with ti:e following extracts
from the letter of a highly respectable gentleman in Van
Diemen's Land, who has been eye wiliness of the scenes
he describes:—

My protege, A-- B-- has now served hi, proba-
tion, and come to town. As his eonduct during that
time has been remarkably good. he has at once received
a third-class ticket and is eligible for employment.
I have been doing my best to interest in his favour
those who are most ek to serve him. Already,
through the Rev. Mr. Lillie, I have got him placed
amongst the convict writers at the Comptroller-General
of Convict's Office. It is almost impossible to get a suit-
able situation for him just now, as the country is
deluged with people similarly situated, of acknow-
ledged talent and abilities, who are glad to take the
most mean and paltry situation in order to earn a few
shilling. Under these circumstances, he has set his
heart upon the situation of javelin mar. This is an em-
ployment under the sheriff ; the pay is very trifling, I
believe, but he prefers such a situation to a better with
one of the colonists, as he will be sure of passing through
the various stages of indulgence more quickly by being
thus placed under the eye of those who can extend thes 3
advantages to him. lie will, besides (as in private ser-
vice), live away from the prisoners' barrack, and when
not occupied with his duties, be quite unrestricted ;n
*he employment of his time up to a certain hour of the
evening—l believe seven o'clock—when all but free
people must be at their places of residence, or they will
be immediately picked up by the police— who are Argus-
eyed here—and if they cannot produce a special pass
from their employer, be consigned to the watch-house,
and next morning be sent by the police mogistrate to
the tread-mill. I am in great hopes that I shall
be able to procure this situation threugh Mr. Lillie,
for him, as Mr. Burnet, the sheriff, is Mr. L.'s father-in-
law. You ask me if the convicts are obliged to wear
their peculiar garb after they are engaged by the free
population, thus marking them as belonging to the class
they do, to those who might be otherwise ignorant of it.
After a convict has served his probation, he can wear
any dress he chooses, so that in that respect he is not
marked. I mean that strangers passing him in the
streets would, of course, think him a gentleman if he
was dressed as one ; but do not for a moment suppose
from this that a convict has any better chance of being
received into respectable society again merely by the
change in his dress. As I have before mentioned,
many prisoners have remained here after their sentence
had expired, and acquired a fortune, and are now
rolling in their carriages ; but for all that, there is a
broad line of demarcation placed between those
that have been convicts and those who have not
this awful stigma upon sheen. The history, origin,
and circumstances of every one who is in
society here are all known ; and in select society,
a gentleman could not commit a greater offence
than by introducing a person who has been a prisoner.
If the people at home are remarked for being reserved
to strangers, what would be said of the people here who
would scarcely talk civilly to a stranger until they knew
his history. I could astonish you very much in a walk
through Hobart Town, by pointing out various charac-
ters who have obtained an unenviable notoriety at home,
whom we would meet now and then, and whom you
would pass by without remarking anything unusual
about them. Suppose I had the happiness of thus
acting as your cicerone, I will give you an example or
two :—Look at that good-looking man who is walking
with a quick pace towards us ; you see he is very
fashionably dressed, and has quite the air of an ;
and were it not that his clothes are a little faded, and
the worse for wear, you would at once lay him down as
an exquisite of the first water ; well, that is King, the
London Post-office money-letter abstractor. You will
observe that he is accompanied by another person,
a stout, grave, gentlemanlike individual, who, judging
by his manners and appearance, has evidently
moved in good society, and enjoyed the comforts
and luxuries of thia life ; that is Beaumont Smith, the
celebrated exchequer bil forger, who, disdaining to com-
mit a trifling peccadillo, aspired to glorious celebrity as
the prince of forgers, by doing business in that way to
the extent of two hundred and odd thousand pounds.
Going on further, we meet an old and rather shabbily-
dressed man wearing a straw hat ; he is a clerk to one
of our grocers, and by the popery in his hand, we may
guess that he is going about collecting the accounts of
his employer. If you lock attentively at his face, you
will at once concluCe, from Its grey hairs and wriekled
care-worn face, that he is a man on whom the burning
ploughshare of grief and mental agony has done the
work of years ;—that is the unfortunate and misguided
Frost, the Chartist Reformer—one of the many hun-
dreds who might be pointed out to show the cruel
and wretched system pursued towards transported
criminals. I allude to the equality of punishment
which is dealt to all offenders ; --no matter how
various their crimes, how dissimilar their dispositions.
how different the depths of moral depravity to
which they have sunk, all are indiscriminately mixed
together in gangs; where men who have probably lived
at one time in an exemplary manner in good society,
supported the various characters of husband, father,
and friend, in a becoming and praiseworthy manner,
who are possessed of great abilities and good education,
but have in an evil hour (perhaps maddened by injury
and insult, or driven to despair by the prospect of indi-
gence and want) committed an act which has rendered
them amenable to the laws of their country. Men
such as these are herded together with the systematic
burglar and robber, the pickpocket, the habit and re-
pute thief—wretches who have been guilty of every
crime under heaven, who from their infancy have been
reared and educated in every shape and form of vice,
whose language is obscene and blasphemous in the
extreme—all are worked, fed, and lodged indiscrimi-
nately together. • We are told that the object of punish-
ment is the reformation of the criminal, and are ime
pelted to give our cordial approbation to the benevo-
knee of such a principle; but how such an enlightened
principle can be connected with the working !out of
the present probation system of convict discipline I am
at a loss to conceive. It is not the description of punish-
ment that I would altogether find fault with, although
that is to a certain extent objectionable, both in kind and
degree, but it is the loathsome and degrading association.
Bow can he who wishes to amend his life be expected to
reform—no matter how strong-minded he may be--
when all day long his ears ring with the curses and
laughter of the vilest of mankind? If he shows a de-
, termination to conduct himself well, he is assailed with
the ridicule, mockery, and persecution of his companions.
In the evenings he hears nothing but the exulting rela-
lations of successful villany, of credulity deceived, of
charity and goodness abused, together with histories of
profligacy, ingratitude, and every species of wickedness.
The natural result of passing through such a dreadful
ordeal is, that what was at first heard with the utmost hor-
ror, the unhappy man gradually becomes accustomed to—
ghradis faeteljoinnisanbedeoar
lasta,y,
wafttethr day dteoatdaelneetintoctu o
his de-
-t
every moral and religious feeling, he becomes an
active partisan in crime, or he is only passively honest
until temptation is thrown in his way. This is a matter
in which our colonial autocrat, Lord Stanley, incurs a
fearful responsibility. I doubt not if he were presented
with a complete and true picture of the awfully bad
effects of his crude and ill-digested experiments in" penal
science," it would barrow up his soul, if he had a particle
of feeling.
Instead of Van Diemen's Land being a spot where the
erring children of men are reclaimed and won back to
the paths of virtue and honesty, where a wise and good
Government pursues those measures which can best en-
sure the reformation of its criminals, it is converted into
a frightful pandemonium, where the comparatively good
are initiated into a knowledge of vice and wickedness, of
the existence of which they never previously dreamt.
This distant island, therefore, intended to be a theatre
for the development and growth of every latent spark
of honour and principle, is turned into a vast moral
grave, wherein is buried for ever every good and right
feeling with which a convict is possessed, when be sets
foot on its polluted shores !
I am, however, forgetting our friend, A— B—.
As he was without money, and not allowed to bring
out clothes with him, he found himself quite destitute in
that respect when he came again to town, and would
have laboured under a very great disadvantage in ob-
taining employment, if dressed in the prisoner's clothing.
I therefore sent him to my tailor, who supplied him
with a new suit, so that he now looks respectable. The
whole expense of his rig-out, which was managed as
economically as possible, will cost me something more
than five pounds, which will be well bestowed, it I cars
get him a situation away from his vile associates, and so
be the means of saving one victim of imperial expedi-
ency. I have great hopes of him ; he appears very
grateful, and, I trust, will do well. If he should dis-
credit the description I have given of him to those whoml
avespoken to on his behalf, by misbehaving, I shalt
of course be compelled to abandon him to his fate.

ul:ttlioefwthreikalli'veisinguttsiairune:aoitnr:
highs
Tuesdayinonou,ror nu-
_
withM Mr. Mackinnon
lclerman Ilinufarnvopuhreoryf
3plar.irde.
voffinioenin,
mediate repeal.
THE WAR IN INDIA.— In a private letter just re
inigdaigg„.liteeot.htsbeervreeswethreati,oloondeoprettutdeansteliyktol
drowned In attempting to cross the Sutiej.
tcheolvsesawfronifealininclicteerlahtle eI
ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN IN IRELAND.—The return
of
3wiorintahrinXtgelirgfi°trimltne'ochtlioldnrfeonr. raelnieavcrd
Ireland during the half-year ending the 25th of September, 1845, ..
was yesterday printed by order of the House of Commons. From tlia
summary of the returns from 119 workhouses it appears the munbeira
relieved during the ni•ove period were—women having
children, 2,091; Illegitimate children, 3,688.
OSTEND, MARCH I.—The General Stettta
Company's steam-ship Triton arrived at our quay on Monday, at,
two o'clock in the afternoon, bringing over several families, and tb A
equipages of Sir Moses Montetlore, from London, in something over
ten hours. Partaking necessary refreshment, the pawn' Art
proceeded
same afternoon onwards per rail toward* the Rhi'
~;,
eeded the After
To Gentlemen who shave • query is proposod—WhY do all them, elves the folly ,wing
the first cutlers in Europe r
recommend Saunders' Four-sided Tablet Razor Strop Tbe
answer Is simply because it is the only one that gives to r .
.se
and
?
keen and smooth edge. Manufactory, 28, Strand, c razor A