The Sun.
London, England, 1848-02-28 00:00:00

MONDAY EVENING-, F'EB'RUARY 28, 1848.

ODD FELLOWS.

The NOBLE LORD presented a petition from the
Durham Society of Odd Fellows, praying to be
placed under the provisions of the Friendly Societies
Act.
RESIGNATION OF MR. BIRCH, THE CHIEF
CLERK OF THE HOUSE.

The LORD CHANCELLOR read a letter from
Mr. Birch, the Chief Clerk of the House, requesting
to be allowed to resign his post. He said he had
been in the service of their Lordships upwards of
forty years, and expressed his deep sense of
the kindness he had at all times received at the hands
of their Lordships.
The communication was ordered to be entered on
the journals of the House.
IRELAND.

On the motion of the Marquis of LANSDOWNE,
a return of the sums of money advanced by this
country to Ireland, in the years 1846 and 1847, and
the amount of repayments, was ordered.
DIPLOINITIC RELATIONS WITH ROME.

The Marquis of LANSDOWNE moved the third
reading of this Bill, and stated as on the introduction
of the Bill and on the second reading, he had entered
fully into its merits, he should simply confine himself
on the present occasion to his motion.
The Earl of ABERDEEN considered that little
good would arise from the measure Inconvenience,
he thought would be its result. He saw no reason
why the Pope should be called in the Bill " the So-
vereign Pontiff of the Roman States." The "Pope"
had been the designation used from time imme-
morial : it was used in the treaty of Vienna, which
was signed by George 111., and that appellation ought
to be retained in the measure before the House. He
objected to this country interfering in the affairs of
Italy through the instrumentality of this Bill, for he
considered that one of its object. He should not,
however, vote against the third reading. The term
" the Pope " might be used in the first part of the
Bill, and " the Sovereign Pontiff of the Roman
States" in the latter. He distrusted the intentions
of the Pope.
The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said he had not
penetrated into the councils of the Roman States like
the Noble Earl ; but he did not consider that
they had any reason to look upon Rome
with distrust. The terms of which he
complained were inserted at the instance of a
Noble Duke, not now in his place, and it was thought
that they weuld be acceptable to Rome. The terms
were recognised in the Catholic countries of Europe.
The Bill was then read a third time and passed.
Lord STANLEY then presented a petition against
the Bill amidst much laughter.
Their Lordships then adjourned at Six o'clock.

containing the breach of privilege, which consisted of
an attack upon the Secretary at War, Mr. M. J.
O'Connell, and the other Members of the Notting-
ham Election Committee was recd, and
Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL, after expressing a hope
that the mere mention of the subject would be suffi-
cient, moved pro forma that the printer and publisher
of the Northern Star should be called to the bar.
Mr. HASTIE seconded the motion.
Mr. F. O'CONNER said that if he had made use
of any expressions which were offensive to the Hon.
Member, he would at once withdraw them, and
begged him to accept his most humble apology for
such expressions.
After a few words from Mr. O'CONNELL, the
motion was withdrawn.
EXTENSION OF THE INCOME TAX TO
IRELAND.

Sir B. HALL stated that he had been asked
by several Irish Members whether it was his
intention to bring forward his motion for extending
the income•tax to Ireland. He begged to state in
answer to such inquiries, that he could not exactly
tell upon what day he would bring it forward, but
he could assure theni, that he would take the sense
of the House upon his motion, as soon as the Irish
Members had recorded their votes upon the question
of imposing an income-tax upon the people of this
country.--(Cheers.)
WAYS AND MEANS—FINANCIAL STATE

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGI-
NEERS, FEB. 22.
(Joshua Field, Esq., President, in the Chair.)
The paper read was by Mr. A. Mitchell (of Bel-
fast), Assoc. Inst. C.E., 'On Submarine Founda•
tions ,• particularly the Screw-Pile and Moorings."
Considering that the entire subject of the various
sorts of piling, of solid stone foundations, of coffer-
dams, of masses of concrete, and the numerous modes
adopted by ingenious men for overcoming local diffi-
culties, would occupy too much time and scarcely
possess novelty, the author restricted himself almost
entirely to the description of the works executed by
him with the screw-pile, as that had been chiefly em-
ployed for supporting structures on loose sand, or
mud-banks wholly or partially covered by the sea,
where it had been previously considered very hazard-
ous, if not impracticable, to erect any permanent edi•
fice ; and in his narrative he scrupulously avoided
all comparison with other modes of proceeding, even
when they had the same object.
The origin of the screw-pile was the screw-moor-
ing, which was designed for the purpose of obtaining
for an especial purpose a greater holding power than
was possessed by either the ordinary pile or any of
the usual mooring anchors or blocks, of however
large dimensions. It was proved by experiment that
if a screw with a broad spiral flange were fixed
upon a spindle, and forcibly propelled by rotary
motion to a certain depth into the ground, an enor-
mous force would be required to extract it by direct
tension, and that the power employed must be suffi-
cient to drag up a mass of earth of the form of the
frustrum of a cone traversed, the base being at the
surface of the ground, and the section of the apex
being equal to the diameter of the screw. The ex
tent of the resisting mass must of course depend
upon the natural tenacity of the soil ; even in this
reasoning it must be evident that a vertical force was
calculated upon ; but as, practically, that seldom, if
ever, occurred, the angle or tension and the curve of
the buoy-cable again gave the moorings greater
power. This was found to be correct in practice,
and the application of the moorings became very ex-
tensive. An arrangement was made with the port of
Newcastle-on-Tyne, by which, for the sum of
2,5001. the right of fixing these moorings in the
Tyne was given, and Mr. Brookes, the engineer,
showed that last year, whilst in the neighbouring
port damage was done to the shipping to the extent of
nearly 30,0001., no injury was sustained in the Tyne,
entirely owing to sound holdings of Mitchell's screw-
pile moorings.
It naturally occurred to Mr. Mitchell that the same
means of resistance to downward pressure might be
used, and he proposed to apply it for the foundation
of lighthouses, beacons, and other structures, which
for maritime purposes it might be desirable to place
upon sand and mud banks, where hitherto it had
been considered impracticable to place any permanent
edifices. In the year 1838, a plan for a structure of
this nature for a lighthouse on the Maplin Sand, at
the mouth of the Thames, was laid before the corpo-
ration of the Trinity house, supported by the
opinion of James Walker Esq., their engineer. The
nine iron piles, 5 inches diameter, with screws 4 feet
diameter, were accordingly driven 22 feet deep into the
mud, and, with proper precaution, they were allowed
to stand for two years before any edifice was placed
upon them. The lighthouse was subsequently con-
structed, and, as was testified by Mr. Walker, had
stood perfectly until the present time. Pending this prp-
bation it was determined to erect a lighthouse to point
out the entrance to the harbour of Fleetwood-on-
Wyre, and under the advice of Capt.Donham,R.N , the
screw piles were adopted. The spot fixed on was the
point of a bank of loose sand, about two miles from
the shore. Seven iron piles, with screws of three
feet diameter, were forced ab-mt sixteen feet into the
bank, and upon them timber supports, forty-eight feet
in vertical height, were fixed to carry the house and
lanthorn. This structure was completed in six
months, and was perfectly successful, never having
required any repairs to the present time. A similar
lighthouse was erected near Belfast, and since then
several others, with a great number of beacons, have
been fixed in situations heretofore deemed imprac-
ticable.

A project was started by the Earl of Courtoun, in
the year 1847, for adding to the length of the pier
at the Harbour of Courtown, on the coast of Wex-
ford, which had been proved an entire failure, from
the channel between the solid pier being continually
choked up with sand.
Iron piles, with screws of 2 feet in diameter, to be
driven from 11 feet to 15 feet into the sand and blue
clay, were decided to be used in order to form an open
jetty through which the sand would be washed by the
current, and the platform could be used for loading
and discharging the shipping. The surf was so
heavy on the coast that the usual barges of floating
rafts could not be used for putting the piles down;
so an ingenious plan was designed by Messrs. Mitchell,
for projecting a stage forward from the solid part,
rigging a large grooved wheel upon the top of the pile,
passing an endless rope-band around it and around a
pulley fixed 150 feet back, and then, by a number of
men hauling upon the band, a rotary motion was com-
municated to the pile, which screwed it down very last.
By these means one bay of the pier, 17 feet long, was
finished daily, even in very rough weather. The
entire length of the jetty was 260 feet, its breadth 18
feet, with a cross head 54 feet long, with landing
stages attached and two lines of railway throughout.
The entire cost of this extension was 4,1501., or about
471. 10s. per current lineal yard. An extremely small
sum compared to the cost of stone piers ; but even
that was more than the expense would be now, as
the system of work is better understood, and mate-
rials are now cheaper. The account of the difficul-
ties incurred in the execution of these works was
most interesting; and, in the commencement of the
di4cussion, which was arrested by the hour for
breaking up the meeting, ample testimony was borne,
by engineers of eminence, and men whose maritime
experience gave weight to their opinion, of the su-
periority of Mitchell's screw• piles and moorings over
every other system for holding buoys or for support.
ing beacons and lighthouses ; and their use was sug-
gested for the foundation of bridges, viaducts, and
numerous railway and other works, as well as a
multiplicity of applications which had not hitherto
been thought of.
It was announced that the discussion would be
renewed at the next meeting, Tuesday, February
29, when a paper would be read " On the Forms and
Positions of Dock Entrances, particularly those in
the River Thames," by J. B. Redman, M. Inst , C.E.

FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE
OF FRIDAY.
DIVIDENDS.
At the Court, Basinghall-street.

J. E. Pople, Union. row, Newington-butts, licensed
victualler, March 17, at one—J. Morris, Crown-street,
Finsbury, leather seller, March 17, at half-past twelve—
D. A. Morel!, Langham•place, Marylebone, dentist,
March 17, at twelve—J. Knights, Great Malton, Nor-
folk, cattle dealer and chapman, March 17, at half-past
eleven—F. K. Fowell. Piccadilly, wine merchant, March
17, at eleven—A. Fletcher, Shaftesbury-terrace, Pim-
lico, bookseller and stationer, March 20, at eleven
R. M. Herbert, Reading, tea dealer and grocer, March
20, at half-past eleven—J. Jones and A. Brown,
Shoreditch, licensed victuallers, March 17, at eleven—
J, Clarke, Conduit-mews, Spring-street, Sussex-gar-
dens, Paddington, job master, March 17, at eleven—H.
Tamlyn, Totten, Ilants, coal merchant, March 17, at
eleven—G. Harrison, Ebury-street, Pimlico, builder,
March 17, at twelve—l. Boyd and R. Harmer, Spital.
square, silk manufacturers, March 17, at two—W.
Butcher, Belle Sauvago-yard, Ludgate-bill, cap manu-
facturer, March 17, at two.
In the Country.
J. H. Denner, Nottingham, pawnbroker, March 24,
at eleven, at the Court, Nottingham—B. Walton, Wol-
verhampton, japanner and tin plate worker, March 28,
at 'eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—J. liartord,
Bristol, iron master, March 30, at eleven, at the Court,
Bristol—A. Tunstall and J. W. Cash, Bristol, oil
merchants, March 17, at eleven, at the ConaS, Bristol.—
G. Cappur, Nantwich, Cbeshire, cheese factor, March
20, at twelve, at the Court, Liverpool—S. Virtue,
Liverpool, merchant, March 20, at eleven, at the Court,
Liverpool—S. Langdale, sen., and S. Langdale, jun.,
Stockton-upon-Tees, corn dealers and flour merchants,
March 17, at half-past ten, at the Court, Newcastle-
upon-Tyne J. Hansor, Hanley, Staffordshire, hop
merchant and druggist, March 22, at twelve, at the
Court, Birmingham—G. Holford, Wolverhampton, jew-
eller and silversmith, March 18, at eleven, at the Court,
Birmingham —T. Bishton, Kinsale, Shropshire, iron
master, March 28, at twelve, at the Court, Birmingham. I

PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS.
G. S. Coxwell and W. Croser, Newcastle- upon. Tyne,
merchants, Id. 1-7th, on Saturdays, between the hours
of ten and three, at the office of Mr. Wakley,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
S. and W. Smith, Warley, worsted spinners, 2%. 6d.,
on any day after Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven
and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
S. Smith, Warley, worsted spinner, 205., on any day
after Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven and two, at
the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
W. Smith, Warley, worsted spinner, 205., on any day
after Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven and two, at
the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
W. Hirst, Leeds, merchants, /d., on any day after. Feb.
28, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office of
Mr. Young, Leeds.
T. Robinson, Birkby, Yorkshire, 18d., on any day after
Feb. 28, between the hours of eleven and two, at the
office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
J. and W. Thompson, Rawden, Yorkshire, merchant,
lid., on any day after March 6, between the hours of
eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
S. Phillips, Kingston-upon-Hull, hatter, 25., on Tues-
days, between the hours of eleven and two, at the office
of Mr. Hope, Leeds.
Reynolds and Fairbank, Sheffield, builders, Is. Pd., on
Tuesdays, between the hours of eleven and two, at the
office of Mr. Stansfield, Leeds.
S. and J. Knight, Mold, Flintshire, bankers, 100.,
any Monday after March 1, between the hours of eleven
and two, at the cffice of Mr. Bird, Liverpool.
G. C. Nicholls, Liverpool, merchant, Is. Bid., on
Mondays, between the hours of eleven and two, at the
office of Mr. Bird, Liverpool.

F. Richardson, Ormskirk, Lancashire, tailor, id., on
Mondays, between the hours of eleven and two, at the
office of Mr. Bird, Liverpool.

W. Handley, Birmingham, wholesale saddler, 7id., ou
Thursdays, between the hours of eleven and three, at the
office of Mr. Christie, Birmingham.
Barber and Marshall, Walsall, bankers, ls. 2d., 6d.,
6d., and Bd., on Thursdays, at the office of Mr. elpi.
Birmingham.
NOTICES OF CERTIFICATES.
At the Court, Basinghall-street.
_ _

R. Pope, Adelaide-place, London-bridge, and Crig-
gleston, Yorkshire, brick and tile manufacturer, March
18, at eleven—J. B. Pope, Adelaide-place, London-
bridge, and Criggle ston, Yorkshire, brick and tile
manufacturer, March 18, at eleven—W. S. Smith,
Reading, scrivener, March 18, at half-past eleven—F.
Adamson, Bond-court, Walbrook, merchant, March 18,
at eleven—M. M. Wildbore, Newcastle-street, Strand,
ornamental paper manufacturer, March 17, at one—P.
Clausen, Newman-street, Oxford-street, manufacturer,
March 20, at one—G. Wood, Trafalgar-place, Kentish-
tow u, commission agent, March 17, at half-past one.
In the Country.
T. Davies, Aberavon, Glamorganshire, draper and
grocer, March 21, at eleven, at the Court, Blistol-6.
Langdale, sen., and S. Langdale, jun., Stockton-upon-
Tees, corn dealers, March 17, at half-past eleven, at the
Court, Newcastle upon-Tyne—S. Smith, Manchester,
grocer, March 24, at eleven, at the Court, Manchester—
G. Edwards, Drayton-in-Hales, Shropshire, innkeeper,
March 25, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—T.
Soldier, Birmingham, victualler, March 21, at twelve, at
the Court, Birmingham—N. Barnsdall, Nottingham,
timber merchant, March 17, at eleven, at the Court,
Birmingham—W. Bedell*, Leicester, paper and general
dealer, April 7, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—
W. Bluek, Leominster, lerefordshire, grocer, March
18, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—W. D. Scur-
field, Liverpool, shawlman and draper, March 17, at
twelve, at the Court, Liverpool.
Court of Review, March 17. _

R. D. Evans, Wrexham, Denbighshire, draper—D. B.
Smith, B.rmingham, grocer—T. Marriott, Moor-street,
Seven-dials, victualler— T. Wallis, Oxford. street, woollen•
draper—W. Thomas, Catherine. street, Strand, publisher
—J. Barret, Blackfriars•road, machine printer—T.
Holmes, Pendleton, Lancashire, bleacher—E. May,
Oxford street, ironmonger—F. Beetson, Stockport,
carpenter—W. Barton, Old Brentford, grocer—S. Grif-
fiths, Wolverhampton, druggist— W. S. Brown, sen.,
Broad street, Ratcliff, sail-maker—J. Prince, Cexhoet
Durham, grocer and draper—C. Tabor, Nottingbarn.
lace•manufacturer—J. Archer, Deptford, baker—B. B.
Walker, Upper Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square, publican
—J. Gilbert, Paternoster-row, bookseller.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.

J. Howard and A. Collinson, Nantwicb, drapers—F.
Copeman and G. Soame, Bickling, Norfolk, millera—
\V. Unsworth and B. Williamson; Derby, silk-throwstera
—A. G. Holmes and C. B. Borlase, Great James• street,
Bedford-rosy, attorneys and solicitors—W. H. Skelton
and S. Mason, jun., Manchester, agents—J. Dill and
W. Hill, Spits' square, silk-manufacturers—D. Jones

and R. -Jones, Oswestry, hatters and furriers—
D. Hordern and T. Hordern, Manchester, fustian-
manufacturers-1. Williams and J. Gay, Bristol, glaciers
—J. Ellis and T. Wallace, Pontypool and Newport,
carriers—W. J. French and W. J. B. French, Wilton,
surgeons—W. Killip and J. E. Christian, Liverpool,
joiners and builders—F. Gatley and A. Gatley, Bol-
lington, Cheshire, stone merchants—C. Harwood and
R. R. Barber, Manchester, stock and sharebrokers—G.
Keysar and J. Brooke, Liverpool, block and mast
makers—J. F. G. Spicer and T. Lunnon, Hedsor, Buck-
inghamshire, milled board manufacturers—W. Kidney
and J. Rue, East Stonehouse, Devonshire,- drapers--
W. Hope and F. Frith, jun., Liverpool, grocers—lL
Bellerby, H. Bellerby, jun., and J. Sampson, York and
Stamford, booksellers (so far as regards J. Sampson)--
J. Moxon and J. P. Moxon, Exeter, innkeepers—J. J.
Bramah, A. B. Cochrane, jun., and J. Deeley, Tipton.
•Itatfordshire, ironmasters—C. Squarey and N. V.
Squarey, Salisbury, chemists and druggists—B. Slater,
W. Jellard, and J. B. Slater, Liverpool, sawyers (so far
as regards W. J,llsrd)—J. Hardcastle, W. Hardcastle,
T. Aked, and R. G. Aked, Bradford, coal merchants--
J. Carlile, Gresham street, and E. Collier, Liverpool--
R. Thacker and Maria Sirdefield, Emscote, Warwick-
shire, brassfounders and gas apparatus manufacturers.
INSOLVENT PETITIONERS.
James Wild, Oldham, cotton spinner.
Thomas Jones, Gilestone, Brecknockshire, labourer.
Thomas Smallwood, Wellington, Shropshire, attorney.
John Scholefield, Rochdale, shopkeeper.
Jonathan Cook, Donca,ter.

Thomas Howarth, Rochdale, painter.
John Bass, Canterbury, coal merchant.
John Coles, Staple grove, Somersetshire, butcher.
James Paul, North-town, Somersetehire, baker.
John Dinham, Taunton Saint James, Someraetshirep
builder.
David Twining, Winslow, Buckinghamshire, chemist.
Benjamin Pearce, Truro, Cornwall, sculptor.
John Henderson, Tranmere, Cheshire, joiner.
Sophia Anne Harding, Leicester.
Thomas Norman Gilbert, Leicester, patent mangle
•nak.. r.
Thotnas Way, Silverton, Devonshire, yeoman.
Elizabeth Ann Shorey, Sunbridge, Kent, butcher.
Thomas Islip, Bedford, butcher.
Henry Essery, Sheepwash, Devonshire bootmaker.
Thomas Lea, Wellington, Shropshire, licensed victu-
aller.
Thomas Humfrey, Stanmore.
Thomas Atkinson, Seamer, Yorkshire, labourer.
Thomas Hardy, Stone Gravels, Derbyshire, labourer.
Samuel Munuerley, Lower Bebbington, Cheshire, shoe•
maker.