The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-31 00:00:00

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PRICE 5d

STATE OF SYRIA.

BEYROKIT, JUNE 20.—The time for recalling this Pa-
cha or th at Pacha is gone by. The question that must
now corae before the Great )?owers is—winJ parcelling
of territory, or what species of European milit:.ll7 occu-
pation will rescue this noble country from the tilghtful
anarchy into which it is plunged ? To allay its fierce
a nd discordant elements would require the political iitfol--
ligence, the discipline, the disposable material, strenoll,9
and the spare finances of a well-ordered European State.
It is therefore needless to say that the civil and military
servants of the Sultan are unequal to the present crisis.
'their sloth and corruption, joined to their fanaticism
and obstinacy, they are accelerating the termination of
t} air Sovereign's rule in this country. If. any impor-
t; .lit part of Syria should rise, the others will also rise,
nd a general massacre of the Turks is a-thing not at all
unlikely to take place.
I say nothing of the south ; for, notwithstanding its
association, it contains no great
.point where interests
come into concentration or collision, for the wretched
Greek and Latin Monkish intrigues do not deserve a re-
cord. The Sultan's rule is, from the last accounts, quite
nominal in the Mutsellimic of Jerusalem, and in Na-
plouse does not exist at all, except in the villages in
which Arnauts happen to encamp, and within the walls
of the town itself! The Mutsellim of Naplouse, who had
been suspended by Medjib Pacha, recovered his place by
means of a douceur ; his tenure of office was, however,
very short, for he was poisoned the day after his return
from Damascus. The Arnauts are only loyal to their
paymaster, and, as in the case of a Prussian, Colonel
Laue, whom they wounded severely, are as ready to de-
stroy the friends as the foes of the Sultan.

' TJre communication between Jerusalem and Cairo by
the Devcrt is totally stopped by the Bedawees, and no
gun in Ms senses would travel from Jerusalem to Da-
mascus without a strong escort. An American mission-
nary, lately arrived at Damascus, in coming through,
gained the gate of Na louse by a hard gallop. His es-
cort, not being so well mounted, were plundered, and
came into the town without a rag to cover their nakedness.
I now come to the centre and north of Syria—Leba-
non, Damascus, the Hamah, and Aleppo.
The mountaineers are in a state of armed suspense.
At the' great-mutinx_oi-Ain—Aneb,they detailed their
grievances to the Sultan, but their petition lig never b-e-eh.
forwarded. If their demands regarding a modification
of the tariff are not promptly complied with, the Moun-
tain will be in a revolution from one end to the other be-
fore long. The pressure of the new system upon them
is easily explained. In the middle ages the fanaticism
of the conquering Mussulmans drove an immense num-
ber of Christians and other sects into the mountains.
Lebanon is not like the Alps or P3rences, covered with
verdure, periodically renewed by refreshing showers.
Lebanon has little soil, little pasturage, and almost the
sole resource of the inhabitants is silk. To paraphrase
Farquhar, they eat, drink, and sleep upon silk ; they are
clothed in silk, and in travelling through the mountains,
if you ask what is the income of such and such a Sheikh,
the answer is so many rottali of silk ; consequently, there
is no deceiving them on this question ; it comes home to
every man's door : to use a strong, but often abused and
misapplied, expression, it is a pure knife and fork question.

The raw material is produced in the Mountain, and
manufactured in the great cities of Damascus and Aleppo.
The expense on a rottalo of silk, under the former sys-
tem, was— Piastres.

Mule carriage to Damascus
Brokerage
Customs duty

134-
The expense at present is— Piastres.
Mule carriage
Brokerage
Customs' duty .1 2115 paras.

Wo must also recollect that nine per cent. additional
is imposed on the manufactured article, if sent, for in-
stance, to Asia Minor, or any other part of the Ottoman

dominions, where the peculiar striped silk stuffs are in
use. Then again, as the Mountain produces little or no

grain, but as Beyrout is the entrepot for the grain that
comes from Damietta, Jaffa, and Alexandria, before a

mulberry planter can call a kail of grain his own, ho must
make a clear sacrifice of 25 per cent. Have the fine city
. _

of. Aleppo, and the truly venerable city of Damascus, no
claims on the sympathy of Europe ? What would an
Alabama planter say if a heavy duty were imposed upon
raw cotton at the gates of Lowell ? or what would a
_ _

Macclesfield or Coventry manufacturer say if, after hav-

. ,
ing paid a heavy duty on cotton, he must pay an addi-
tional duty on his finished goods, exposed at the same time
to foreign competition ? In Europe the native manufac-
turer, when placed in a better position than the foreigner,
often succumbs ; but here we have the native placed in a
more disadvantageous position than any European manu••
facturer, both as regards cheapness of 'raw material and
facility of export. If the scat of the plant and manufac-
ture were wide as the poles asunder, the change would
soon tell on the price, and generate discontent ; but be-
ing, as one may say, next door to each other, the evil is
too palpable to admit of delay. I have travelled over
the Druse and Maronite country, and my impression is,
that had the Government given way on the tariff que,s-
tion, a very fair compromise might have been made with
regard to the fixed tribute. Bat it is now almost too late.
The Druse country is the scene of much outrage. In
addition to the plot to murder the Sheikh Djoubelat (the
richest and most powerful Druse Chief, who, using the
lex talonis, caused the potters, his nephews, to be killed)
we have this month the seizure of the property of the
Emir Abdullah (a Maronite Prince related to the Emir
Beshir), by the other great Druse house of Abou Neked,
as well as more seizures of property belonging to the
late Emir 13eshir, now in Malta.
The Druses profess to like the English, and, from a
certain respect which, notwithstanding their eccentric re-
ligious views, they undoubtedly have to the Koran,
could, under any tolerable Government, be made to
render some services to the Sultan ; but, like all the
others, they are dish fisted with the new system, and
will fight sword in hand against the tariff. The Maro-
nites are in reality seeking independence, and desire
the coast from Saida to Tripoli, including Beyrout, and
it is really impossible to foresee what they will do. They
are all ripe for revolt, and made fully aware of the weak-
ness
of the Sultan. I believe the end of all this will be
the formation of an Arab Christian state, but what then
are you to do with the grand plain of Damascus, with
its fanatical Mohammedan population cut off from the
coast, and the Hauran, which would be similarly situated.
Travelling in the north and centre of Syria is very
unsafe at present. The whole of the Desert line, by
Horns and Homali, up to the very foot of Anti Lebanon
and Mount Cassius, is as much in the power of the Be-
dawees as ever. When the merchants of Aleppo send a
letter to Damascus they give it to a man in an old can-
vass shirt, without a farthing in his possession. The
Bedawecs cannot see a Spanish dollar, because there is
no Spanish dollar to see, and the 'messenger least likely
to suffer in his breeches pocket is the man who has no
breeches at all. As for a trip to Palmyra, it is now
quite as perilous and romantic an affair as it was in the
days of Wood and Dawkins. •
The anecdotes related of the plunder of the Hauran are
so numerous, that it is needless to repeat them. The de-
feat of Shibly Arrian gave courage to the Bedouins, who
carried off into the Desert all that was portable ; the re-
sult is, that provisions at Damascus continue to rise in
price. Nedjib Paella has, by means of bribes at Constan-
tinople, and a plausible catalogue of ancient services, re-
tained his place ; but it is believed he must go ; public
opinion against him is approaching a climacteric which
he cannot withstand. This has been an awful year for
Damascus. The Egyptian occupation was succeeded by
months of scarcity, and the stoppage of the hadge or
grand pilgrimage to Mecca; then came the derangement
of commerce by the tariff, the persecution of the Chris-
tians under the auspices of Nedjib Pacha; and now the
Hauran, which is the granary of the city, is plundered,
and its inhabitants, who are extensive consumers of Da-
mascus goods, are impoverished.
In .Aleppo, the Government is as imbecile as
ever
Major Boccaciampi and the British Proconsul hadgo.enre.
t
but e An-
out to make an arrangement with the Sheikhs of h
nadis, who were menacing the environs, they had
not the good fortune to meet with them.
The two Euphrates steamers had ve arri dat Beles
from Bussorah, and passed up to Biredjek. They had
got through the Lernloon marshes, and Over the Camel-
ford at Anna, without any
impediment. It would ap-
pear that, after all, the latter is the only difficult part of
the river.
The coast towns have also
Jean h adtheir troubles. The
ravages of the plague in St.d'Acre have been until
lately very great. When the malady was at its height,
there were in this small place upwards of fifty ca,ualties,
per day, in consequence, it is
animal matter being tardy and incomplete.
of the decay
Turkish indolence in not elean.incombplete. So, n
poll a deadly hatred has beeningetneeras
betweentterdeets min Ttrbi-e.
Mussulman and the Christian population,g and the fevers
have commenced. The plague has ceased at Beyrout,
and the cordon has been taken off. A revolting instance
of Mussulman fanaticism has occurred here. A Chris-
tian had a dispute with a Turk, and on the trial the
latter produced his friends as witnesses, but the Chris-
tian on proposing to adduce the counter-evidence of his
friends in waiting, was told that the Christian evidence
was inadmissible. In vain was the hatti-scheriff invoked.
The mufti said that he was a 3lahometan, and would
judge only by Mahometan law, and this man was con-
demned to thirty days' imprisomnent. The Britishcon-
sul interfered, but the penalty was increasedtnclit was
only through the Seraskier that the man was liberated.
Few vessels of state can withstand a strain on several
parts at one and the same time with out foundering. It
is therefore impossible, in considering. the state of Syria,
to shut our eyes to what is now i
passing in Candid, Bul-
garia, and other provinces of the empire. Not only is
Turkey destitute of the moral and physical power to
meete It the exigencies in Syria, but her hour seems tbe
is in vain to attempt to uphold the integrity
eoofmthe Ottoman empire, because the Ottomans will not
be upheld. It is the same thing throughout Syria
whether a man call himself .a pacha, a defterdar, a
kiahia, or a musteschar, he cares cot two straws for any
or any policy, or any interest, but the immediate
caantliasse' sing of money by the plunder of the Sultan and his
subjects. Stores,
however extensive, provisions which
the Egyptians left, and which the troops could not con-
sume for years to come, all have melted away like the
April snows of Sannin. There is no hope for the Turks
here, for they have neither hope nor confidence in them-
selves.

ENIN ik".lcrN-

,OURT CIRCUL. tn.
liDAY.—Her Majesty an 'I Pr:'m Pitrt,
' Suite are expected to arr:ve the Cast(l
(ock to-morrow (Saturday) Aftetuon, froiu

of the Belgians (it is expected), will leave
Rock, should the Duke de Brain= continue

Her Royal-Highness the Princess Royal is: taken for
an airing in the Park every day.

Her Majesty and Prince Albert honoured -Viscount
Melbourne with a visit, yesterday ufterncon, at. his seat,
Brocket Hall, Herts.

A few minutes after two o'clock the Royal part ar-
rived from Pansanger, the seat of the Earl of Cowper.
Ilis Royal Highness Prince Albert was on horseback,
attended by Mr. George Edward Anson. (I:reit-sumer to
his Royal Highness), the Marquis of Clauricardfl, Auld the
Earl Cowper. A small party of the Hertfordsh ire Yeo-
rinuiry followed, preceded on horseback by the Marquis
Readfort, Lord in Waiting, and Colonel R mverie,
Zwee'rry.in Waiting on Prince Albert. The earn age (an
open 6:oUcho and four), which conveyed the Qin en was
immediately preceded by the Hon. William Con-pc ex., and
opposite wen: the Duchess of Sutherland and the Co am tess
De Grey. A numerous party of Hertfordshire Yew nanry,
ander the command of Captain Sutton, escorted h ‘:r Ma-
jesty. Several opeir carriages, containing the Dc"vager
Lady Lyttelton, Lady 5n Waiting, Hon. Miss Cav idish,
Maid of Honour in Waiting, the Duke of Snth irland,
the Marchioness of Clanricarde, Earl and Count( as De
Grey, Viscount Duneannon, Lord and Lady A Bliley,
Lord and Lady Leveson, and Colonel Buckley, Eq u ?rry
in Waiting on her Majesty, followed in the proceis ion,
which was closed by a numerous body of homer, ien,
most of them wearing favours, and by a great variev of
carriages filled with spectators, and some of them. ‘iis-
playing flags. Viscount Palmerston also followed the
Royal party on horseback. .
The park, surrounding the mansion, having been
opened to the public, a great number of .spectators had
assembled, who greeted her Majesty and the Prince in
the most loyal and enthusiastic manner, which her Ma,
jesty and his Royal Highness acknowledged very_ fre-
quently.
Viscount Melbourne had arrived in the forenoon et
Brocket from Pansanger, and was in milting on the
lawn, accompanied by his sister the Viscouatess Pal-
merston, to receive his illustrious visitors. His Lordship
conducted her Majesty and her illustrious Consort by
the principal entrance, (which is simply ornamented by
half columns of the lonic Order supporting a peliment)
into the mansion. The drawing-room and dining-room oa
either side of the entrance, and the other apartments ap-
propriated for the reception of the distinguished viitors,
were all most elegantly and magnificently furnished,
and were very tastefully ornamented for the occasion.
A short time after their arrival the Illustrious
Visitors passed into the ball-room, where a .frost
sumptuous dejeune had been served. The table dis-
played on this occasion, as the principal °ma-
ment of the plateau, the very large and 'magnificent,
candelabrum of silver gilt, which was presented to,
Viscount Melbourne by the Queen and Prince Albert.;
after the Royal Nuptials. On the base of the candela-•
brum is engraved—" Presented to Viscount Melbourne as;
a mark of Regard and Esteem, by Victoria R. and Albert,
February 10, 1840." The two smaller candelabra, which
were presented to the Noble Viscount at the same time,
by her Majesty and the Prince, were also displayed,
formed the end of the plateau, the larger candelabrum
being placed in the centre. All three, in addition to the
celebrated subjects with which they are adorned, contain
the coats of arms and crests of her Majesty and Prince
Albert, and of the Noble Viscount, and also the initials
V. and A. R.

A great variety of the most beautiful and • choicest,
exotics were interspersed among other ornaments of the
table, arranged in vases of silver gilt, very elaborately
wrought, and some of them of great antiquity. Some
vases of silver curionsly_wrought, and of the largest size,
were placed on each end of the table.
Covers were laid for thirty-four.
The apartment was must magnificently fitted up, the
sides are hung with rich satin finished with a border
carved and gilt, the furniture of the room and the dra-
peries are of the same costly materials. Mirrors of the
largest dimensions are placed between all the windows,
which are circular headed and have deep gilt bord.n.s. A
highly ornamented frieze, surmounted by a cornice,
sculptured, and gilt, supports a covered ceiling, t.rr,a-
'Dented with paintings, and divided into cempartmot is
by by gilt mouldings, forming three circular a:visions n
the middle of the apartment, from one of which is su.s. -
pended a glass chandelier.
A picture of his Majesty George the Fourth whers
Prince of Wales, is suspended at one end of the room..
and at the opposite extremity is a family portrait ; the
former is surmounted by the. Prince's coronet and plume.

The apartment is well lighted, and its anpearance on
this occasion was extremely splendid. It was richly
carpeted.
The band of -the Hertfordshire Yeomanry was in
attendance in a marquee, and also a private band; the
former commenced their performances by playing " God
save the Queen."
After the deune her Majesty and the distinguished
party appeared and promenaded on the lawn, to the
great gratification of the spectators, who ccnitinued to
arrive at Brocket, both in carriages and on horscbnck
in great numbers during the afternoon. •
The two Bands continued to perform alternately.
The Royal visit was celebrated at several places in the
vicinity, by the display of flags, the ringing of the church
bells, and other demonstrations of rejoicing.

TO 'THE EDITOR Ole' THE SUN.
Norwich, July '29, 1841.
SHI,—It has been the cry of the Standard newspaper
for some time that Ministers are deserling of impeach-
ment for still continuing to hold the reins Of Govern-
ment. Has the Standard forgotten, that that Pliwnix.
of Tory statesmen (" the Heaven-born Pitt ") has fur-
nished Lord Melbourne with a powerful precedent, on a
still more flagrant case of want of confidence in the Go-
vernment on the part of the House of Commons ? We
would ask the Standard why it so far presumes upon the
ignorance of its readers, as to suppose that they are
unacquainted with common events in English history ?
In the Session of 1784-85, Mr. Pitt's India Biliwas

nek,,-atived by a majority of eight ; and a few days pre-
vious, on the 16th, Lord Charles Spencer carried a vote
of" distrust in Ministers" by a majority of ; and on
February 2, Mr. Coke moved a much stronger resolu-
.

tion, which was carried by a majority of nine ; and on
the next day, this resolution was ordered to be laid be
fore the King, by a majority of 24. On the 18th of
the same month Mr. Pitt reported to the House that his
" Majesty did not think fit to dismiss his Ministers." In
consequence of this message the supplies were !,lostpcnied
by a majority of 12. Again, on the 20th of the imalq
month, an address to the King, praying him to dismiss

his Ministers, was carried by majority of• 21. The
Speaker, on thel 27th, reported that his Majesty refused.
to comply with the address. March 1, another address
to the King for the same object was carried by a majo-
rity of 12 ; and on the 4th of the same month the House
was informed that his Majesty refused to comply ; and
on the Silt of March the house voted a REMONSTRANCE.
to the King by a majority of ONE.
He would ask the Standard whether William Pitt did
not deserve impeachment for thus repeatedly thwarting
the wishes of the " House of Commons ?" But, did Mr.
Pitt resign after the House had, thus, in terms not to be
misunderstood, plainly told him it had no confidence in
him ? No, he appealed to the people, and on meeting,
the new Parliament, he found himself at the head of a
powerful majority. But, some 'cavillers will say there
is no parallel between the two cases. No parallel !
How many times during the late Session did the House
say to Lord John Russell "we have no confidence in
your Government ?" ONCE, by a majority of ONE:.
How many times did the House tell Mr. Pitt the same ?
Talcs, and by majorities respectively of 21 and 9. How-
many times did the House address Queen Victoria to
dismiss her Ministers .1? NOT ONCE. How many times
did the House address George the Third for tile ::tr.ie
purpose ? TEP.ICE ; and these addresses were carried
by majorities of 24, 21, and 12. • When did Sir Labe. 1,
Peel think proper to opose the stopping the supplies
When did the late "House of Commons" think fit to .
remonstrate with her Majesty for not comf,ely
think'ng we
their wishes ? Echo answers WHEN. this.
hear some objectors to this argunicntlisaßsayr-1:;07:,: Alt,
powerful
is all very well, but Sir Robert Peeli n
Ministers have no right
majority at his command, and 3
to keep out of office any 1.0-
n Have Ministers yet
received official notice of dismissalits from the Parliament
they have summoned ?
house of meeting come to any resolution that the
its Mini-
sters confidence ? Surely no Eng-
are unworthy
forgottenofthat it is the proudest boast of his
glishman has
possessed of a code of equal laws, and that
country tobebulwark of his liberty i theial by Jury ?" and.
the great
jis considered by law to be innocent
that every man
of the crime wita vth.ich he is charged until convicted by
The Ministry are now in the situation of a
hrissrne7a. t the bar, and the new " House of Commons"
the Jury before which they are to be tried. Shall
like the coward thief whose conscience tolls
theyls then,
him he is guilty, and who by every means within his
Dower e"deavours to fly the doom that awaits him—
they, by resigning office, before the day of their
trial arrives, morally convict themselves, and thus give a
handle to their enemies to cry out with exultation, " See
the dastard Whigs, they dare not meet the Parliamtipt
they themselves have summoned." No, rather let them,
as they have manifested their intention of doing, come
boldly down to the House, and state what they, with the
consent of her Majesty, think necessary for the benefit
of their country, and then aay to their opposers " 131••
PEACE US IF you CAN." Yours,

G. K. B.

WISBEACII, JULY 28.—Mr. Gypson, the rero-
naut, made his fortieth ascent, on Monday last, from
Cambridgeshire. The day was remarkably tine, but the
wind blowing from the south, promised the aeronaut
speedy dip in the Boston deeps, if not the North Sea.
Mr. G., who, some two years since, successfully con-
verted the lower part of his balloon into a parachute,
and accomplished a rapid but safe descent in a case of
emergency, determined to bring it to bear on this coca-
sion, in consequence of Wisbeach, the sea-port town of
Cambridgeshire, being no great distance from the Wash.
This was affected by means of additional lines being at-
tached to the safety-valve, which gives the zeronant tho
opportunity of converting the lower hemisphere of his
balloon into a perfect convexity, and thus forms a formi-
dable resistance in a sudden and rapid descent. The.
balloon left the earth in fine style (Mr. G. having a gen-
tleman of Wisbeach as companion du voyage), and pre-
rented a very singular appearance, two-thirds of the
balloon in an inflated state, and one-third having the
' appearance of an immense umbrella over the heads of
the aeronauts. It quickly passed the 'clouds, and was
lost to view for fifteen minutes. when it suddenly re-ap-
peared, making a steady but rapid descent inland on the
Norfolk coast. The Mayor, J. S. Watson,
sq., and a
number of gentlemen followed the mrohauts to render
assistance, who effected a safe said easy descent by the
above novel means,