The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-15 00:00:00

SAT t R DAY
et. x.
5(0,4 ,9.
Lol°°N) 4,4
t AI '4l.Wit '44 . AUGUST l5, 184

No. 16,819.

HAVE YOU SEEN
?
ENUS RISING
FROM r-u--m tull-street, Haymarket; and
At the HALL of ROME, Great WiRAINBow N yApijs. Ex-
the much-admired New Group,
Exp"sitions by Mr. Oft-Io
ewan, the only English Impro-
planatoryrformances commence at Three
visatore of the various Poses. lett in the Evening. Stalls, 2s. ;
o'clock in the Afternoon au'
Boxes, 18.6 d. ; Pit, Is.

• ROYAL POI'PECHNIC INSTITUTION,
A CHEMICLECTURE, by Dr. Ryan, daily, and on
the Evenings of t"
Jaye, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Professor
Bachhoff rings 111
RES on NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, with
er'
ts daily. MACINTOSH'S REVOLVING EN-
brilliant exP ',
GINE. COLIYAN S PATENT LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE for as-
cending and
ascending Inclined Planes. FARRELL'S ARCM-
MEDIAN F.ILWAY. The ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY, all in
action. O.LLETTE'S ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY VALVE.
The OP.,UCE MICROSCOPE. The OXY-HYDROGEN MICROS-
COPE, .xhibiting a fine Collection of Living Objects. A beautiful
pictu. of the CHAPEL in the CONVENT of St. CATHERINE,
nee. ferusal,m, by Mr. Charles Smith, is one of the Series of DIS-
saNING VIEWS.
Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.

'&j R. BEARD'S PHOTOGRAPHIC POR-
A. TRAIT ESTABLISHMENTS are at 85. King William-
street. City, 34, Parliament-street, Westminster; and at the Royal
Polytechnic Institution, Regent-street.
" A great improvement has been effected ; the method ofcolourlng
renders the po'traits agreeable and life-like."—Times.
" We would especially notice the admirable effect of the flesh tints,
which appear embodied in the miniature, and not; as we generally see
them, spread on the surface."—Art Union.

FORGERY IN SCRIP.—GEORGE and
ALEXANDER FALKNER, Engravers, Manchester, In-
ventors of the Lithotype Process, for the Prevention and Detection
of Forgery in MonetarY Documents, announce, that they ere now ex-
tensively employing this discovery in printing the CERTIFICATES
of Railway Companies, which are thereby invested with all the Secu-
rity of the Bank of England Issues.

REMOVAL.
DR. CULVERWELL has REMOVED to No.
10, ARGYLL-PLACE, REGENT-STREET, (leading to
Great Marlborough-street,) where he may be consulted, as usual,
Daily till Three, and in the Evening from Seven till Nine ; and
where alsa his several publications, of which entirely new and en-
larged editions have recently been published, may be obtained.

LINT and S FEEL, 311, HIGH HOLBORN,
corner of Chancery-lane. importers and manufacturers, have
consigned to them monthly from Gervilie's, and other celebrated
manufacturers in Paris and Brussels. the best WELLINGTON
:BOOTS, of the finest Bordeaux Calf, which they offer at 11. Is. per
pair ; the price of the same quality at Gerville's is 20 frauds, and
there are houses in London, both French and English, selling the
same quality at 1/. 10s. per pair. French Wcil ngton Boots, of the
best patent leather, It. Bs. per pair. Best French Polish, Is. and
2s. Gd. the bottle.

VLINT and STEEL, importers and manufactu-
rers, have a large STOCK of BOOTS for SPORTSMEN, con-
sisting of stout enamelled leather and cow-hide, which approach as
near to waterproof as any that can he made. Also, Hunting Boots,
Antigropelos, and stout Drab Cloth Boots, lined throughout with
leather.-311, HIGH HOLBORN, corner of Chancery-lane.

POEMS FOR THE PEOPLE, BY CH ARLES MACKAY, LL.D.
VOICES FROM THE CROWD ; and other
Poems. By Charles Mackay, LL.D., Author of the " Salaman-
drian Legends of the Isles," &c. &c. Second Edition. Price One
Shilling.

It is bold and energetic—perhaps too much so —full of line
thoughts and generous aspirations.—Chambers's Journal.
London : Wm. S. Orr and Co. Dublin: James M`Glashan. Edin-
burgh : Fraser and Co. Glas;ow : David Chambers, 98, Miller-street.

Just published, price 55.,
FRANKS on URINO-GENITAL DISEASES.
Part I. On Gonorrbfea and Gleet, exemplifying the influence
of a Scrofulous or Scorbutic state of sysl em in producing those Morbid
Secretions„and showing that the true nature of their diseased action
Is irritative, not inflammatory. . . _ . . . _

Pnbiiiheii by the Author, 90, Blackfriars-road, London; and may
be had of Johnston, 68, Cornhill; Starkie, 4, Strand; Sanger, ISO,
Oxford•street ; and by order of all booksellers.
The Third Edition, just published, price 55.,
APRACTICAL TREATISE on STRICTURE
of the URETHRA ; its Causes, Varieties, and Cure ; by AN
IMPROVED METHOD of TREATMENT, of such efficacy, that
by its adoption Urethral Contractions that had resisted for periods
varying from ten to twenty years, all the ordinary means of cure,
have been in a few weeks completely and permanently removed.
The mode of cure is illustrated by numerous cases, showing every
peculiarity incidental to each variety of stricture to which the
Urethra is liable, and the modifications in the treatment consequent
thereon. By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.L.
Published and Sold by H. Bailliere, Medical Bookseller, 219, Regent-
street, London; Messrs. Maclachlan, Stewart, and Co., Edinburgh;
W. Strong, Bristol ; Hedges and Smith, and Famin and Co., Dublin ;
Simms and Denham, Manchester ; W. Grapel, Liverpool; and all
Booksellers In town and country.

WORKS by ROBERT J. CULVERWELL, M.D. M.R.C.S. &c.
One Shilling each, by post One and Sixpence.
l.

(:)N SINGLE and MARRIED LIFE:
(An Original Medical History.)

CONTENTS

Analysis of the Affections—Early Conventional Restraint—Mis-
direction—Marital Anticipations and Realities—Laws of Paternity—
Maternal Influence—Phenomena of Gestation—On Infelicitous and
Infertile Unions—lncongruous Alliances Late Marriages—Love
Matches—Curiosities of Twenty-three Years' Medical Experience,
&c. &c. 2.

On CHASTITY and its INFRINGEMENTS.
(An Essay for 1846.)
Of human ills and frailties I discourse,
Those taught by nature, and by art acquied.
Of seas conceal'd, and disappointments keen,
Which young and gentle, the. matured and sage,
The lonely and The mated—all sustain.
In kindly spirit, herein counsel's giv'n,
how health, how hope, how happiness to gain."

WHAT to EAT, DRINK, and AVOID
With Diet Tables forall Complaints.

Contents :—How to ensure perfect digestiOn, tranquil eelings, a
good night's rest, a clear head, and a contented mind.' By an ob-
servance of tDe instructions herein containeC the feeble, the ner-
vously delicate, even to the most shattered constitution, may acquire
the greatest amount of physical happiness, and reach in health the
full period of life allotted to man.

" How we should live—what eat, what drink, what shun,
To reach in health full threescore years and ten."
These interesting little volumes, although bearing upon subjects of
very delicate import, as their titles imply, will be found of immea-
surable and general utility, far they tell of matters everyliving crea-
ture able to understani ought to know, but which information in
these enlightened times, except that quality promulgated through
questionable channels, is 'it a very terrible discount.
In the exposition hereby offered of the till now hidden truths of
nature, of human disappointments and their ways of relief, it is not
contended that every reader shall become his or her own physician
any more than their own lawyer, but it is insisted upon that we
should know the simple principles of our own organization, the laws
whereby our existence and the issue thereof in their several healthy
states depend, the duties that are expected of us in our individual
capacities In the family circle, and the terms on which the health and
happiness of the present and future race of mankind have to rely.
By such knowledge, and which Is herein faithftilly imparted,
health will be found to be in our own keeping, and happiness
within the attainment of all , by the availment hereof in fulfilling
our duty to enrselves, we secure the lilt e advantages on our offspring
to follow, and finally by the cultivation ,f our faculties, which is in-
consistent with degenerate health, the mind as well as the body may
be exalted to the summit of perfection, as best becomes the highest
of God's creations.

The author's justification for this seeming eulogy of his own writ-
ings, and the avowal of their integrity of purpose, must be measured
by their perusal—his accredited qualifications guarantee that the
topics broached involve his legitimate study and pursuit.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147,
Fleet-street; Hannay, 63, Oxford• street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or
direct from the Author, 10, Argyle-place, Regent-street (leading to
Great Marlborough-street), who may be advised personally on these
matters daily till Three, and in the Evenings from Seven till Nine.

A POPULAR TREATISE on the HEALTH, LIFE. and VIGOUR

of the BODILY FUNCTIONS,

NINETEETH EDITION, price 2s. 6d. ; Free by Pest (in a Sealed
Envelope) 3s. 6d.,
THE SILENT FRIEND. A Medical Work
on the loss of the reproductive powers, with means of restora-
tion. The baneful effects of Indulgence, neglected Strictures, Se-
condary Symptoms, &c., are fully pointed out. Illustrated by En-
gravings ; followed by observations on Marriage. By R. and L.
PERRY and Co., Consulting Surgeons, London.
Published by the Authors, and may be had at their residence.
Sold by Strange, No. 21, Paternoster •row ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-
street ; Purkis, Compton-street, Soho ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-
street, and 37, Ro3 al Exchange ; and all booksellers.
Part I. of this Work is particularly addressed to those who are
prevented from forming a Matrimonial Alliance, through fear of cer-
tain disqualifications, and will be found an available introduction to
the means of perfect and secret restoration to manhood.
Part 11. treats perspicuously upon those forms of diseases, either
in their primary or secondary state, arising from infection, showing
how numbers who neglect to obtain competent medical aid, entail
upon themselvesolooafssDn ofA
Loypupesnac
BALM
:dofis
ennoxldi
uFiegairlssyytdiaeotid,,Aistuffring.
consumptive] Nil
irregularity,
ha exclusivelyb7tes"daninredesesdt.eebbdai
debili-
ties r thenTwhceuesrsCe,
ties arising from venereal excesses, &c. Price I Is. and 335. per bot-
tle. The Five-pound cases may be had as usual.
The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE. An anti-
syphilitic remedy for searching out and purifying the blood from ve-
nereal contamination, scurvy, blotches on the head, face, and body,
ulcerations, and those painful affections arising from improper treat-
ment, secondarysymptoms, and all eruptions of the skin. Price 11x.
and 335. per battle.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS, price 2s. 9d., 4s. gd.,
and 11 s. per box, are the most effectual remedy for strictures, in-
flammation, irritation of the bladder, &c., without hindrance to
business.
Consultation fee, if by Letter, 11. A minute detail of case is ne-
cessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance at their residence,
19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, London, from eleven till two, and
Svc till eight; and on Sundays from eleven till twelve.

ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND
MATURITY.
WITH TWENTY-FIVE COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
Just published, Sixteenth Thousand, in a sealed envelope, price
2s. 6d., or post paid, to any address, for 3s. 6d. in Postage Stamps
or Post-office Order.
`ELF- PRESERVATION: A Medical Treatise
b..y on the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity.
Illustrated with Twenty-five Coloured Plates on the Anatomy,
Physioli•gy, and Disease? of the Urinary and Reproductive Organs,
explaining their various structures, uses, and functions, and showing
the injuries that are produced in them, by solitary habits, and other
excesses. With Practical Observations on the Treatment of Nervous
Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and other diseases of
the Urethra.

By SA UEL LA'MERT, CONSULTING SURGEON,
9, Bedford-street, Bedford-square, London;
- .

Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of
Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c.

CONTENTS OF THE TREATISE.

HAPTER 1. On the Philosophy of Marriage, with its Hindrances
and Obligations, and on Infelicitous and Unproductive Unions:—
Unarms 2. On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Generative
Organs, their functions, structures, and secretions, proving that great
Mental and Physical Power are dependant upon their healthy action.
—CHAPTER, a. On Solitary Habits; their various effects on the
An mal Economy; the concealed cause of Debility of the functions
of the Stomach, Lungs, and Brain, and general weakness of the
Mental Faculties. CHAPTER 4. On the Secret Disorders of Youth
and Maturity, and the Treatment of Nervous and Local Weakness,
Mental Debility, and Premature Decay.—CHAPTERS 5 and 6. On
the Disorders arising from indiscriminate Excess, Gonnorhcea,
Gleet, Strictures, and other Diseases of the Urethra.

REVIEWS OF THE WORE.

"The author of this singular and talented work is a legally quali-
fied medical man, who has evidently had considerable experience in
the treatment of the various disorders arising from the follies and
frailties of early indiscretion. The engravings are an invaluable ad-
dition, by demonstrating the consequences of excesses, whichmust
act as a salutary warning to youth and maturity, and by its perusal
many questions may be satisfactorily replied to, that admit of no ap-
peal, even to the most confidential friend."—Era.
Published by the Author, and may bo had at his residence; also
from S. Gilbert, 52, Paternoster-row; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-
street; Starts, Tichborne-street, Quadrant; r4orslon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street, London; Newton, 16, Church street. Liverpool; and by
all Booksellers.
At Home for Consultation daily, from Nine till Two, and from
Five till Eight ; and all letters immediately replied to, if containing
the fee of 1/., for advice, dr..0.--9 'BEDFORD-STREET BEDIVRD.
SWAIM. LONDON, . -

-74-TATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
s_v ANCE SOCIETY,
2G, CORNIIIL L LONDON.
• Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured
has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for-
feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ;
also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in-
terests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible
rates.

roams
1-e, 6' Bonus Bonus in g g Assured
g. Gd
Premium* 90) added. Cash. .g..i.,
= may P : - .
oz a Borrow.

X Xs. <l. r
1000 7 3 4 1.

18372:217 15 13:100 0 11!,
1838 192 3 0 87 1 41
1839 165 11 10 74 1 9'
1840 116 7 0 54 010
1841 111 6 8. 49 10 0

1416 0 414445 0 0
13 10 21 395 11 1
11 3 11 346 2 3
718 10, 296 13 4
710 41 247 4 5

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in
December of the present year.
F. FERGUSON CAIFROUX, Secretary.

NEWPORT, ABERGAVENNY, and HERE
FORD RAILWAY.

The Directors have much pleasure in announcing to the share-
holders, that the Act authorising the construction of this railway has
received the royal assent. .

Arrangements are now In progress with other companies, which,
when completed, will secure a great accession of influence, both in
way of capital and local support.
As soon as these arrangements are eompleted, notice thereof will
be given to the shareholders, and an early day appointed for the due
registration of the scrip, and for convening the first general meeting
under the Act. By order of the Board,
THOMAS DAY, Secretary.

THE MOORS.-GROUSE SHOOTING. It
has been the frequent suggestion of several Gentlemen, con-
stant patrons, that a SHOOTING JACKET and VEST, made of the
same kind of Llama Cloth as used by them in the Registered raletot,
but in c.,lours more suitable for the purpose, would give much
satisfaction ; such have been preparel ; and the Jacket and Vest
together will weigh but 16 ounces. There will also be a variety in
thicker substances, but, for the
.extreme heat anticipated on the
moors this sesson, those described will be found a perfect luxury in
comparison with others. They will also be found very useful as a
Fishing Coat, and other such purposes ; but it is necessary to observe
that they can only be had in Lbndon, of 11. J. and D. NICOLI, at
22, Cornhill, and the chief warehouse, 114, Regent-street.

OT WEATHER.—TRAVELLING.—SEA-
SIDE.—The REGISTERD PALETOT in London, only at
22, Cornhill, opposite the Royal Exchange ; and the chief Llama
Cloth Warehouse, 114, Regent-street. Do not be deceived by a
similarity of name, placed in the windows of a few petty shops in the
neighbourhood of the Patentees. Each Paletot is stamped " H. J. and
D. NICOLL, 114, Regent-street."

SECOND HAND PLATE PURCHASED.

B. SAVORY and SONS, Goldsmiths, No. 14,
• Cornhill, London, opposite the Bank of England, inform
executors and others, wishing to dispose of SECOND-HAND
PLATE, -that, from having a ready sale, they can offer more ad-
vantageous prices than can be usually given by the trade ; payment
may either be received in cash or the amount allowed in exchange
for other silver.

LAS INTELLIGENCE.

HOUSE OF LORDS, August 14.

The House sat to-day at Three o'clock, for the purpose of
giving judgment in several appeals.

BOYLE V. FERRALL.
Their Lordships gave judgment i❑ this case, affirming the
judgment of the Court below, with costs.

THE MARQUIS OF BREADALBANE V. SINCLAIR.

Their Lordships also gave judgment in this case, reversing
the judgment of the Court below.

ALLAN V. GLASGOW.
Their Lordships also gave judgment in this appeal, affirm-
ing the interlocutors appealed from.

MAULE V. SIR THOMAS MONCRIgFFE,

Judgment was also given in this case, affirming the inter-
locutors of the Court below.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, August 14.
(Before Mr. Commissioner FA K.)

IN RE TAYLOR.-NON-LIABILITY OF " ALL" °FUTURE AC-

QUIRED PROPERTY TO THE PAYMENT OF OLD DEBTS.

The insolvent in this case was an attorney, and an appli-
cation had been made by Mr. Reed, on behalf of the official
assignee, to " claim and obtain" certain property to which
the insolvent had become entitled upon the demise and in
pursuance of the will of a Mrs. Watts, of Brighton.
A lengthened argument upon that application having
taken place,
The Learned COMMISSIONER said the case was one of too
much nicety and importance to be decided without mature
consideration, and now proceeded to deliver his judgment.
"This insolvent petitioned the Court in 1843, and obtained
his final order in the same year. In 1845 he became en-
titled to a legacy and other property, under the will of a
Mrs. Watts, who died in that year. No creditors' as-
signee was ever appointed. Mr. Whitmore, the official as-
signee, having accidentally heard that the insolvent had ac-
quired property, ' claimed and demanded' such property
from the insolvent personally, pursuant to the 9th section of
the sth and 6th Victoria, chapter 116, on the 20th of July
last; and, on the same day, filed a copy of his claim. ' Mr.
Whitmore now asks that I should make an order authorising
him to take possession of the estate and effects which the
insolvent acquired under the will of Mrs. Watts. Mr. Whit-
more's application was opposed by Mr. Nicholls, as counsel
for a Mr. Bertram, to whom the insolvent assigned his inte-
rest under Mrs. Watts' will, by way of security for a loan of
2001., by a deed dated the 15th of January, 1846. It was
also opposed by a Mr. Edwards, as attorney to some trustees,
to whom the insolvent on the 18th of July last assigned his
property in trust for creditors who had become such since his
insolvency. The question is whether I ought to give to Mr.
Whitmore the authority asked? Taking the view Ido of
the state of the case, I cannot authorise Mr. Whitmore to
seize any property which came to the insolvent after the
date of the final order which was not his property on
the 20th day of July, when the claim was filed.
It is represented to me that the insolvent had heard in June
or July that the official assignee was going to make and file a
claim under the 9th section, and that he lost no time in
making the assignment of the 18th of July, expressly to de-
feat Mr. Whitmore's claim ; if so, his conduct was most un-
fair towards his former creditors, and it is possible that the
official assignee might, by proceedings in Chancery, set
aside the assignment by the insolvent as fraudulent; and to
assist him or any creditor in making out sack case, I would
execute an authority to Mr. Whitmore, in general terms,
authorising him to take possession of any estates or effects
acquired by the Insolvent, not effectually assigned away by
him before the filing of the claim, subject, if necessary, to
proper qualifications. The official assignee or creditors un-
der the old insolvency might also procure redress against the
insolvent for his improper conduct, by procuring a rescind-
ing of the final order under the 12th sec., 5 and 6 Vic., c.
116, on the ground that he had not given due notice to his
assignees of property acquired by him after the date of his
final order."

SUFFOLK PETT v SESSIONS.

GROSS AND INSULTING MISCONDUCT OF A

GAMEKEEPER.

At the Petty Sessions on Wednesday last, Edward
Foreman, gamekeeper, of Hengrave, charged George
Herrington, a stout and respectable-looking labouring
man, with having assaulted him.
On the 30th ult. the plaintiff was passing on his pony
a field, when he saw some men cutting barley in what
he thought an improper manner, and he accordingly got
off his pony and went into the field to remonstrate with
them, when the defendant came up to him, tripped him
up, and he fell backward.. Plaintiff never spoke to de-
fendant, except asking him, after being thrown down,
what he meant ; and the question was scarcely out of
his mouth when Herrington up with his fist and
knocked him down a second time, and when on the
ground shoved his knee into his body several times.
Edward Herrington, brother of defendant, John Holmes,
Abraham Spalding, Thomas Partridge, and Joseph Fir-
man stood close by.
Defendant said, the fact was, his brother having some
beer he went to him to partake of it, and hearing the
gamekeeper talking to the men in an insulting manner,
said, if talked to by any man in such a manner be (de-
fendant) would knock him down. The gamekeeper
then came up to him, shook his whip over him and spat
at him, whereupon, he would confess, he knocked Mr.
Foreman down. He had plenty of witnesses who would
convince the magistrates that he was not to blame.
John Holmes. an old man living at Flempton, deposed
that he saw Foreman come by the field where he was at
work, on his pony, just before the men left in the even-
ing of the day mentioned. He stopped, got off, and came
into the field, saying, if there was anybody who wished
to drum him out of the field, he was there, and they
might take it out of him if they could. Witness said
nothing, but -kept on mowing, and Mr. Foreman then
came up to him, took his scythe from him, and com-
menced immitating mowing, but he seemed in such a
state that he couldn't mow. Took the scythe from Fore-
man, and the latter then went to the men and began
flourishing his whip over them. G. Herrington came
down the field for some beer, and said, looking at Fore-
man, who was still swinging his whip to and fro, " Why
do you stand it ? I wouldn't stand it." Foreman then
said, "0, it's you, is it, that won't stand it," and went up
to Herrington, brandishing his whip. Herrington said,
"If you do so to me I'll knock you down." Foreman
replied, " Then I'll see," and went up to Herrington and
spat at him. Herrington immediately knocked him
down. Witness could not believe the gamekeeper was
sober, for he was a good mower enough at other times,
but on that evening he only seemed to be imitating
mowing. Foreman whisked his whip over the other
men also.

A man named Spalding deposed it was getting on for
sun-going-down when Forman came into the field and
addressed them by saying—" Well, poachers." Wit-
ness asked him what he meant by calling them poachers?
they Ai ere hard working men, and no such thing as
poaching was ever proved against them. Foreman then
brandished his whip over witness, and he (witness) was
just about striking him, but forbore.
The BENCH said there was no occasion to carry the
case further. It was evident that the complainant had
brought the castigation on himself. If he chose to go
into the fields where men were working, and flourish his
whip over and spit at them, he must expect to be knocked
down, and he well merited what he received. ,

The case was dismissed, and Mr. Foreman had to pay
the expenses.— Bury Herald.

DARING ROBBERY IN THE ClTY.—lnformation has
been forwarded to Bow-street that at about eight o'clock on
the evening of the lath instant, some thief or thieves stole
from the shop window of Messrs. Muneaster and Co., pawn-
brokers, No. 14, Skinner-street, Snow-bill, six double-
bottomed, engine-turned gold watches, with gold dials. The
watches were very valuable, and the robbery was effected by
cuttivg vat a pation of a peas of glut) with A Oland,

RAILWAY COMMUNICATION
THROUGHOUT INDIA.
REPORT OF THE ENGINEER OFFICERS.

Report upon the Practicability of introducing Railways into
India, and upon an eligible Line to connect Calcutta with
Mirzapore and the North-West Provinces, from F. W.
Simms, Esq., Consulting Engineer to the Government of
India, and Director of the Railway Department; A. H. C.
Boileau, Captain Bengal Engineers ; and J. R. Western,
Captain Bengal Engineers, dated March 13, 1846.
I.—We have the honour to submit our report upon the
practicability of introducing a system of railways into India,
and of their application to the peculiarities and circumstances
of the country and climate; to answer the questions relative
thereto, as proposed in the minutes of the Honourable the
Court of Directors of the 7th of May. 1845; and likewise to
make our report, from a personal examination of the country,
upon the direction of a line to be recommended for a railroad
from Calcutta to Mirzapore and the north-west provinces.
2.—We would commence by stating our opinion that rail-
roads are not applicable to the peculiarities and circum-
stances of India, but, on the contrary, are not only a great
desideratum, but, with proper attention, can be constructed
and maintained as perfectly as in any part of Europe. The
great extent of its vast plains, which may, in some directions,
be traversed for hundreds of miles without encountering any
serious undulations, the small outlay required for Parliamen-
tary or Legislative purposes, the low value of land, cheap
ness of labour, and the general facilities for procuring build-
ing materials, may all be quoted as reasons why the intro-
duction of a system of railroads is applicable to India.
3.—ln the minute of the Honourable Court of Directors of
the 7th May, 1845, the following appears in the third para-
graph :—" Independently of the difficulties common to rail-
roads in all countries, there are others peculiar to the climate
and circumstances of India, which may render it advisable
that the first attempt should be made on a limited scale.
These peculiar difficulties may be classed under the following
heads, viz. :-Ist. Periodical rains and inundations. 2d. The
continued action of violet winds, and the influence•of a verti-
cal sun. 3d. The ravages of insects and vermin upfn timber
and earthwork. 4th. The destructive effects of the spon-
taneous vegetation of underwood upon earth and brickwork.
sth. The unenclosed and unprotected tracts of country
through which railroads would pass. 6th. The difficulty,
and expense of securing the services of competent and trust-
worthy engineers
4.—To these difficulties we beg to reply as follows:
I. As to the periodical rains and inundations, we do
not expect that, with a judiciously selected and well-
constructed line, any serious mischief to the works may
be anticipated from this cause; nothing but what a
moderate annual outlay will set to rights. The practi-
cability of keeping a railway in order is shown by the
existence of bunds and roads, both metalled and unme-
tailed, in various parts of the country, which are kept in
order at a trifling outlay. It must, however, be borne
in mind, that although this opinion is based upon what
we have ourselves witnessed as the effects of a season
when the floods were unusually high, both in Bengal and
the upper provinces, yet, in after years, unprecedented
inundations may occur, causing serious damage to works
which shall have been constructed with a view to re-
sisting only the. highest floods hitherto known.
11. The continued action of violent winds and in-
fluence of a vertical sun. Suitable arrangements in the
construction of the works will overcome any difficulty
arising from these causes as to the line itself. These
effects will be more felt in working the trains, especially
the wind at high velocities, but no fears need be enter-
tained upon this subject as to the ultimate result,
though, during the prevalence of the hot winds, more
than usual attention will be requisite in watching
and guarding against the effects of friction of such parts
of the engines or carriages that may be exposed to the
most intense heat.
111. The ravages of insects and vermin upon timber
and earthwork. If the information we have received be
correct, that the destructive action of insects upon the
teak and iron-wood of Arracan amounts to nothing, or
next to nothing, that question is at once disposed of;
but should further investigation show that such is not
the fact, recourse must be had either to the use of stone,
or to the employment of one or more of the various pre-
parations for timber now in use in England, which it is
probable may also be found desirable on the score of
economy, to render the timber more durable. This, how-
ever, at present, is by no means certain; Captain Wes-
tern, who has been in Arracan, states that he would not
guarantee teak as resisting damp and insects, but iron-
wood he knows, from practical experience, to resist
both, and has seen a post taken up, after having been in
the ground fifteen years, as sound as the day it was put
in. To the earthwork no serious mischief is to be ap-
prehended from this cause, if the overseers and labourers
on the line discharge their duties in a proper manner.
It is true that earthworks in the upper provinces, con-
structed in a loose soil, have occasionally been damaged
by the undermining of rats, crabs, otters, or other bur-
rowing animals, but it appears that constant vigilance
would provide an effectual remedy for this, as well as
for the next following difficulty.
IV. The destructive effects of the spontaneous vege-
tation of underwood upon earth and brickwork. To ob-
viate this evil nothing more is required than a faithful
discharge of the duties of the overseers and labourers in
rooting up every germ of such vegetation as soon as it
appears. Captain Boileau saggests that the attention of
. the persons in charge of those portions of the line pass-
ing through young saul forests must be particularly di-
rected to this point, as trees of this kind, after having
been cut down to clear ways for trigonometrical opera-
tions, have been known to spring up again an altitude of
about fifteen feet in two years, and, in various parts of
the country the rapid growth of palina christi (the
castor-oil plant), the gigantic reed called surkunda and
Nurrul, and many other such wild productions, may
give considerable trouble, though the strong roots of the
latter are admirably adapted for giving stability to
an earthen bank. The roots of the peepul tree are par-
ticularly injurious to brickwork, but are tolerably easy
of extraction.
V. The unenclosed and unprotected tracts of country.
A fence similar to our quick fences in England will an-
• swer through the open and cultivated parts of the country,
which may or may not be employed through the dis,
tracts covered with jungle, as circumstances may require.
Such fence may be formed of the plant called berandu,
or the Mysore thorn, or the prickly pear, all of which,
and perhaps many others, if kept well trimmed, would
snake a suitable fence. In several localities where stone
is obtainable in abundance, this material might, and in
certain cases where the soil is too barren for the growth
of hedges, must be used for boundary walls, and in the
vicinity of ,saul forests the exceeding straightness of
this wood renders it particularly valuable for the con-
struction of posts and railing. •
VI. The difficulty and expense of securing competent
and trustworthy engineers. This difficulty, we make no
doubt, will be overcome by a suitable arrangement by
the railway companies, at an early period. Such, we
should think, would be the sending of a few native or
East Indian young men to England, to be trained, until
some engines are ready to be sent to India; upon their
return in charge of such engines, and under the super-
intendence of one or two English engineers, there would
be laid the foundation for the training of as many native
engine-drivers as might be required. Such native
youths, while in England, should not only be instructed
to drive an engine, but to repair them when Gut of
order.

s.—ln the second paragraph of the minute of the Honour-
able Court of Directors allusion is made to the probable re-
turns of merchandise and passengers; this appears to be one
of the bearings to be investigated and reported upon by us,
but, from an entire want of statistical information, we are at
present unable to give any opinion.
6.—With the above view of the case we should not deem
it inexpedient or unwise to attempt the introduction of rail-
ways into India to any extent that private enterprise might
be found willing to embark capital upon; subject, however,
to whatever equitable conditions and regulations the Govern-
ment might think proper to require tor the promotion of
their own and the general interests of the country at large;
at the same time having due regard to that of the parties en-
gaged in the enterprise.
7.—As, however, the Honourable Court of Directors have,
in the fourth paragraph of their minute, dated 7th May, 1845,
noted for the instruction of this committee, that one of its
objects will be "to suggest some feasible line, of moderate
length, as an experiment for railroad communication in In-
dia," we beg to suggest that there is a line in the north-west
provinces which would answer admirably as an experimental
line, viz., from Allahabad to Cawnpore ; but if this line be
thought too extensive as an experimental one, we believe
that a line from Calcutta to Barrackpore would find no lack
of British capitalists, both able and willing to undertake its
immediate construction.

B.—Having thus expressed our opinion, in general, upon
the subject of introducing railways into India, we will pro-
ceed to describe the route we would recommend, from per-
sonal examination of the country, for a line of railway, con-
necting Calcutta with Mirzapore, and from thence to Delhi
and the north west frontier.

9.—On the line from Calcutta to the north-west provinces,
first impressions would lead to the supposition that the
proper direction for a line of railway, connecting Calcutta
with the north-west provinces, passing through Mirzapore,
would be to cross the rifer Hoogly, at Calcutta, and proceed
in the direction of Bankoora ; this course would take the rail-
way across a district of country not only subject to periodical
inundations that are among the greatest in the lower pro-
vinces of Bengal, but, in the event of the breaching of the
bonds of the Dumoordur and other rivers that it would have
to cross (as was the case during the last rainy season), would
be subject to the action of powerful torrents acting in-
juriously, if not destructively, upon the works of any rail-
way. These considerations led to an examination of the
country further to the northward, which,
commencing at
Calcutta, was extended along the left or east bank of the
Hoogly, past Barrackpore, and crossing the river a little
below Chandernagore, at right angles to its stream. The
line would then leave Chinsura and Hoogly on the right,
and cross the trunk road to Benares, near to Mucklumpore,
and from thence, nearly in a straight line, to Burdwan; at
this place it would cross the Banka nullah, and be continued
nearly parallel to the trunk road, and enter upon the land
that rises above the general level of the periodical inun-
dation.
this apparent detour is
oinorniarklivnegshould in part escape the water
flanking 10.—The
the objectp udu m
that flows towards the sea in the direction of that large
river, but not be wholly free from its effects : and whenever
an occurrence should hereafter take place similar to what
took place during the late inundations (viz., the breaching of
the bunds of the river), a considerable amount of damage
would arise to the works of the railway.
11.—So long as the water is confined within the river
banks, no material injury would arise to the works of the
railway simply from the submersion of the country during
the rains ; but upon the accident before named, the body
and rush of water was so great as entirely to undermine and
destroy a bridge nearoDulla Bazar, and to threaten destruc-
tion to the bridge over the Banks nullah at Burdwan, by
which nullah the surplus waters, in a great degree, found
their vent towards the river Hoogly.
12.—1 n addition to the foregoing considerations, it is pos..
sible that hereafter it may be considered advisable to aban-
don the preservation of the river bunds, and to allow the
waters during the rainy season to overflow the surrounding
country, 'in the expectation that the sedimentary matter
that is now raising the bed of the river may overspread the
country, and tend to raise the general level (this has
been hinted to us as a suggestion that has been made,
but upon which we must be understood to give no opinion):
such a procedure would have an effect upon the railway
works that it is difficult to foresee or provide for, except, in
all probability, by the generation et a larger quantity Qf

viaduct for the free passage of the waters than would other-
wise be necessary, and thus increase the cost and mainte-
nance of the works.

13.—The above considerations and information obtained
from Lieutenant-Colonel Forbes, Captain Anderson, &c., led
to an examination of the country still further to the north-
ward, from which it appears that a very advantageous line of
country for a railway exists on the left bank of the Hoogly,
and crosses that river at a short distance below where it is
first formed (or takes that name) by the junction of the
Bhagiruttee and Idiughee at Nuddea, from which crossing it
would proceed due west, and pass about 10 miles to the north
of Bard wan, near to a place called Balkeshun.
14.—This line would quit Calcutta at its northern extre-
mity, skirt the gun-foundry at Cossipore, and take a direct
line northwards nearly parallel to the Barrackpore road, which
it would cross at the bend near Barrackpore. Hereabouts a
station for the accommodation of that district might be ad-
vantageously established. From thence it might follow the
general direction of the ricer, to accommodate Chinsura and
Hoogly, &c., and onward by a straight course to Goonpulla,
on the road between Barrasut and Ranaghat.

15.—As regards simply the construction of a railway, it
might, with equal advantage to the works, be constructed
in a straight line from Calcutta to Goonpulla, and thus, by
avoiding Barrackpore, &c., would be a little shorter in dis-
tance than by that route; but it appears preferable to adopt
the former line for the accommodation of that and the
neighbouring localities of Serampore, Chandernagore, Chin-
sufa, Hoogly, &c., which would then more than ever become
the favourite resort of the citizens of Calcutta, and be a
source of remuneration to the railway itself.
16.—From Goonpulla the line would take nearly a straight
line towards Ranagbat, near which it would cross the Ma -
tabhanga river, and from thence proceed almost parallel to
the road leading to Kishnagur, but gradually trending to the
north-west, and cross the road from Kishnagur to Santipore,
near to a place called Dignagur. It would then continue to
curve until it crossed the Hoogly, near to an indigo factory,
called Punchilla, which is south of the junction of the Iding-
hee and Bhageruttee, as before described.
17.—After crossing the river, the railway would be carried
in nearly a straight line past Singalee, Baljoree, and Balki-
shure, which is the place before alluded to as ten miles north
of Burdwan.

18.—The railway, if constructed by Ranaghat and Nuddea,
would be about thirty miles longer than by taking it in the
direction of Hoogly and the trunk road to Burdwan, which
extra distance, although it would tell largely upon a short
line of railway, becomes of less importance when it forms
part of a railway of so great an extent as the one under dis-
cussion (namely, to the north-west provinces, about 900
miles in length); besides which, it will pass through and
accommodate a rich district of counfry, in addition to afford-
ing the same amount of accommodation to the Burdwan
district, and in all probability would hereafter form a trunk
from which branch railways will be made to those parts of
India north and north-east of Calcutta.

19.-1 n furtherance of this object, we extended our exa-
mination in November last to the country north of Kishenu-
gur, through Berhampore and Moorshedabad to Bhagwan-
gola, with a view to a branch railway from Kishnagur to
those places ; and although the country is highly favourable
for such a project, yet the great mart at Bhagwangola is of
so unfixed a character, from the extensive and continued
changing of the bed of the Ganges, that unless its continua-
tion northward and eastward be considered desirable, it
would appear that a branch to Bhagwangola, simply to
accommodate the trade that now passes along the Ganges to
Calcutta by the Sunderbunds route, will not be found to
answer as a commercial speculation; a permanent point,
however, on the banks of the Ganges, exists at or near
Rajmhal, which might be suitable to receive the great traffic
of the river, and be connected with the trunk line a little
northward of Burdwan, and be found advantageous to the
general trade of the country, in like manner as the proposed
canal of Lieutenant-Colonel Forbes would certainly have
done, if that important work had been carried into execu-
tion. Such a branch railway would in no point be removed
very far to the westward of the projected line of the canal in
question.
20.—Also, as regards the comparative cost of the works on
the above lines, we consider it would be less, mile for mile,
on the Ranaghat line than on either of the others, that is in•
dependent of the great bridge that must cross the Hoogly in
either case, the cost of which would be less the higher up the
stream it is constructed.
21.—The chief objection that appears to the above line is
the fact that it involves the crossing of the Matabhanga
river, near Ranaghat, in addition to that of the river Hoogly,
which river must be crossed, at any rate, in order to bring
the railway into Calcutta, unless it be resolved to terminate
it at Howra, on the opposite side of the river to Calcutta,
which would, at least, be very inconvenient for business,
even supposing the country between that and Burdwan was
as suitable for the construction of a railway, and offered as
much general accommodation to the country, as the line
further to the northward. Besides, the expense of construct-
ing a bridge over the Hoogly, at Calcutta, would be greater
than a similar crossing sixty miles higher up the stream.
22.—With a view to the saving, if possible, of the extra
bridge over the Matabhanga, which is a considerable river,
we examined another line that would leave the last-de-
scribed line nearly opposite to Chinsura, and take a more
direct course to the river Hoogly, which it would cross near
the villages of Collipore, on the east side thereof, and
Doomurda on the west, thence onward to Inchura, where it
would cross a nullah, and, leaving Culna on the right, would
curve to the north and west by Sacheroy, and, crossing the
Bauha and Kurree nullahs, join the Nuddea line, near to the
before-named Balkishun, about ten miles northward of
Bnrdwan.

23.—The latter route would be about fifteen miles shorter
than by the Nuddea line, but (pro rata) it would be more
costly in its construction, and miss accommodating a very
valuable district of country, which, in all probability, would
pay for the extra length of railway. The crossing of the
Matabhanga at Ranaghat, therefore, appears to be the chief
consideration against the adoption of the more northern line,
as compared with the line by Culna.
24.—Upon an inspection of the most eligible place for
crossing the Hoogly on the Culna line, near the village of
Doomurda, it also appeared that, in addition to the simple
crossing of the stream, there was, on the left or east bank,
a considerable extent of flat country between the wooded
elevated land and the water, which is doubtless submerged
during the rainy season, and seems to be the ground through
which the river has wandered in former times and left dry,
from the continued change in its bed. If this be correct, it
will be necessary to construct a viaduct of very great extent to
carry the railway over this recent alltivial deposit, in addition
to the actual bridge over the river ; aL d the uncertain expense in
founding and erecting such a work in that situation is so
well known that the fact need only be named to insure a
dissent from its adoption.
25.—Such was our opinion formed upon the spot ; but
before a final decision be given upon the subject it might be
advisable for the railway company who may undertake the
work, to make a detailed survey and section of each line, and
submit them for estimate and comparisons, as in a work of
such magnitude the utmost saving of expense is desirable;
but so impressed are we in respect to the public advantages
to be derived from the more circuitous route, that we consi-
der a comparatively small saving should not be allowed to
weigh in favour of the Culna line.
26.—From Balkishun, as a common point on the two
northerly lines, the railway would proceed nearly direct to
and cross the trunk-road at about Kagsa, where the southern
or Chinsura line, after passing through Burdwan, and nearly
following the course of the high road from that city, would
be united with them ; from thence it would take the left
bank of the river Dumoodur, pass through the Raneegung
collieries, and onward to near where the river Barrakur, joins
the Dumoodur.
27.—The line will next take up the valley of the Barrakur,
and follow, approximately, the course of that river, nearly
for its whole extent, to the summit of the country at or
near the Dhunwa pass, where a very rapid descent occurs
from the westernmost range of hills in Bengal to the plains
of Behar. Up to near this place the gradients of the line
will be very easy, and although steeper gradients will have
to be here introduced to overcome this natural barrier, we do
not expect, from the levels we have taken, they need be
greater than can be *worked by assistant power when the
trains are heavy, and it is the only place upon the whole line
where favourable gradients cannot be obtained at a small
cost as regards the earthworks.
28.—After entering upon the plains of Behar, the line will
proceed nearly direct by Shuhurghotee and Nowrungabad to
the Soane river. _ _

2g.—The river Soane is a formidable obstacle to the cheap
construction of a railway, being two miles and three furlongs
in breadth, and the foundation, or natural substratum below
(at present) an unknown depth of sand. The erection of a
viaduct across this great river is, however, a matter of ex-
pense only, there appearing no difficulty in the case that
perseverance and ingenuity will not overcome. The most
suitable point for crossing the river seems to be about three
miles higher up than where the trunk-road now crosses it,
at the foot of the range of sand-stone bills, from which
much valuable material for the structure might be ob-
tained, and for this purpose, also, granite of excellent
quality may be quarried about two miles south-west of
Nowrungabad, and about twelve miles south-east from the
proposed site of the bridge. Lime also is obtainable on or
near the spot.
30.—1 n the construction of this bridge, and of all others
of great magnitude, as the crossing of the Hoogly and the
Jumna, hereafter to be referred to, we would recommend that

--
they be made of ample width, not only for the railway, but
also for a common highway, which may be separated from
the railway by a screen of masonry. The additional cost of
such extra width at the time of construction will be but
little, in comparison with the cost of a separate structure for
the public highway, and compensation might be given to the
railway company for the extra outlay, either by Govern-
ment supplying an equivalent portion of the cost, or granting
them the right of levying a toll for a given number of years.
31.—0 n the other hand, we would advise that all bridges
of great magnitude erected by Government, for the purpose
of any public highway, in any part of India, should be con-
structed of ample width to accommodate a railway also, if
there should appear any moderate probability that such a
work would become desirable for, or likely to be executed in,
that direction within any reasonable period of time.
32.—From the river Soane, the railway will skirt the
foot of the hills to the town of Saseram, two miles north-
west of the proposed bridge, and then in like man-
ner for about 74 miles, west by north, to the
town and fortress of Chunar, on the right bank
of the river Ganges, leaving the trunk•road and the city of
Benares considerably to the right. This is done in order to
obtain better ground for the construction of the line, and a
branch to Raj Ghlit, oposite to Benares, 17 miles in length
(leaving the main line nine miles before reaching Chunar)
would answer all the purposes of that great city and the dis-
trict of country to the northward thereof.
33.—The railway will pass between the sand-stone hill on
the south side of Chunar, which will all along furnish valu-
able building materials for the very numerous masonry works
along the line.
34.—From Chunar to Mirzapore, a distance of 18 miles in
the same direction, west by north, the lice will still keep
along the foot of the hills, although a little circuitous, as it
will be desirable to avoid the bad ground in the more direct
course.
35.—Having now explained our view as to a suitable line
for a railway between Calcutta and Mirzapore, we will, before
proceeding further, describe the branches we should propose
to diverge therefrom, to give the most extensive accommo-
, dation to the country at large, and to relieve the traffic of
the Ganges proceeding to Calcutta from its great draw-
back during at least eight months of the year ;
namely, the circuitous route by the Sunderbunds, when the
waters of the Bhageruttee are too low to admit of the more
direct route from the Ganges to the capital of India.
36.—The first branch should be from a point near Burdwan
to Rajmahal, along the district of country selected many
you§ ago byl Lieutenant-Q*lWl Forbes fig the Azyjmahal

PB.ICE SD.

Canal : such a railway will, in future, supersede the necessity
for the canal, which, however, would have conferred great
benefit on the trade of the country, if carried into execution
when he first proposed it ; the fact that such a canal has
been for many years a desideratum proves the same thing in
favour of the more modern mode of intercommunication.

37.—Besides the accommodation of the trade of the Ganges,
it will give accommodation to Purneab, Malda, Dinagepore,
Rungpore, and the country in that direction through which
it may possibly hereafter be found desirable to extend this re-

fineeniode octransit.
38.—After all that has been stated from time to time in
favour of Lieutenant-Colonel Forbes's important work, no-
thing more need be added in favour of a branch railway in
that direction. This branch would be about 120 miles in
length.
39.—The second branch we would propose would leave the

main line about five miles eastward of Shuhurghotee, and
pass northward through Gaya to Patna and Dinapore, thus
accommodating a very important district of country, as well
as the military and civil stations above named, and, on
the opposite side of the Ganges, the valuable districts of
Tirhoot and Sarun, &c. This branch will be found about
eighty miles in length.
40.—Another branch might probably be advantageously
made from the main line, up the valley of the Soane, to the
coal-fields westward of Rotasgurh,i but we do not lay much
stress upon its immediate formation as a branch, until it be
ascertained whether or not the main line from Bombay will
take that course, as it appeared some time ago probable that
such might be the case. Such a branch may be found desir •
able, if not indispensable, to the interests of the railway com-
pany, as they might thereby obtain coal for their own pur •
poses as well as to supply the public in that and the still
higher parts of India.
41.—The last branch we should propose for immediate
construction on this portion of the great trunk line
from Calcutta to the north-west provinces, should be, as
stated in para. 32, from about nine miles before reaching
Chunar to Raj Ghat opposite Benares, a distance of about 17
miles.

42.—We have described our view of the most suitable
direction for a line of railway from Calcutta towards the
north-west provinces ; but it may be argued that the line
passes through a comparatively barren portion of the country,
as compared with the valley of the great river Ganges, which
has been suggested by other parties as the most eligible route
for a line of railway, and which is stated to have in its favour
a great probability of becoming more lucrative than the line
we have recommended.
.43.—First impressions might be favourable to this view of
the question; such a result might be expected if either line
was dependent only for its suport upon the agricultural pro-
duce and population of the district through which it passes ;
but, upon further consideration, it appears to us that the ul-
timate result will be favourable to the direct line; for, by
means of its branches to Patna and Rajmuhal, it will take
all, or nearly all, the trade likely to be transposed from the
river to the railway, in either case, and give nearly as good
accommodation to the country around, and to the district
northward of the Ganges, as Tirhoot, Purneab, Dinagepore,
&c., through which it will probably hereafter be found ad-
vantageous to extend the railway system, by starting from
the opposite respective termini at Patna and Rajmuhal, and,
in addition to accommodating the trade of the river and sur-
rounding district, it will bring forward a country now much
neglected in consequence of its imperfect communication, a
district which contains mineral wealth, and possesses great
capabilities, as is evident from the proofs of recent improve-
ment, to a great extent contiguous to the line of the trunk-
road, within the last few years, a greater part of
which until then was abandoned to the beasts of
the forest : this great benefit will therefore be in
addition to nearly the same amount of accommodation
being given to the whole country as could be given by
the river line alone; and, lastly, a direct line between the ex-
treme termini, where attainable, is always most desirable,
especially in a political point of view, and in a country cir-
cumstanced as India is. Thus much for the traffic considera-

tions of the subject ; and it only remains to be stated that
w. e cannot give a decided opinion upon the engineering ques-
tion without a personal examination of the river line.
44.—0 n the extension of the line from Mirzapore to Delhi;
but little need be said respecting this portion of the pro-
posed works. In length it will be about the same as that of
the line we have already described, Mirzapore being about
midway between Calcutta and Delhi. The direction of the
line will be nearly as follows : between Mirzapore and Alla-
habad it will trend a little to the south of a direct line, to
secure better ground for a foundation to the works. Upon
this portion of the line the railway will cross the river
Tounse, and, in order to extend it into the Doab, the river
Jumna must also be crossed at or near to Allahabad : a suit-
able spot for crossing exists near the present bridge of boats :
thus the military magazine at Allahabad would be connected
by railway with Calcutta, and, by the extension to Agra and
Delhi, with the magazines at those places respectively.
45.—Leaving Allahabad the railway would keep on the
south-west side of the trunk-road to Tuttehpore and Cawn-
pore; from thence it might take a direct line to Mynpooree,
which would be its proper course if continued direct to Delhi ;
but if it be finally resolved that the, line shall pass through
Agra, and thence to Delhi, along the right bank of the river
Jumna, it would be more desirable that the railway should pro-
ceed from Cawnpore by Shekoabad to Agra, as that line
would not only be shorter, but would avoid the crossing
of one or more nullahs that it would have to do if taken by

Mynpooree.
46.—Supposing that its route would be through Agra,
it would again cross the river Jumna at the latter city, a
suitable site for which purpose would be a little northward of
the present bridge of boats; and, passing the civil lines to
the north of the Government offices, and Akbar's tomb at
Secundra, take a tolerably direct course through Muthra to
Delhi.

47.—A suitable place for a station at Agra exists where
the rails continued from the bridge would become level with
the present surface of the ground, about midway between the
river and the civil lines; and, if necessary, such station
could be connected with the banks of the river at a much
lower level than the railway, by a branch descending to the
water's edge.
48.—Before, however, determining that the main line
should pass through Agra to Delhi, it is a subject for
consideration, whether or not it would _be more desirable

to take the line direct through Allyghur, and cross the
river Jumna. at Delhi ; for this purpose a suitable place

For crossing the river is immediately to the northward of
the palace, from whence it could be continued along
the bank of the river to a station on the vacant ground

at the back of the magazine; and, if necessary, can at
any time be prolonged northward, past cantonments towards
Kurnal.
49.—The advantages of the direct line to Delhi over that

by Agra, would be, Ist , The shortening of the distance
between Calcutta and the frontier. 2d. Passing through
probably a richer agricultural district than would be done on
the route between Delhi and Agra ; and, 3d. In case of in-
vasion from the westward, a possible, though not probable
occurrence, the railway would be protected by the river
Jumna. On the other band, the city of Agra, at present the
capital of the north-west provinces, with its magazine,
would be less directly connected with the frontier and the
magazine at Delhi, if situated at the extremity of a branch,
than if placed upon the main line. The country also to the
west of the river Jumna, although perhaps not so productive
to the agriculturist as that in the Doab, yet is admitted to
possess a very considerable trade.
50.—As respects the two routes, in an engineering:point
of view there appears to be no great difference ' • for although
on the direct line there would be the additional cost of cross-
ing the river }linden (no trifling matter certainly, unless, as
suggested by his Honour the the Lieutenant-Governor of the
upper provinces, the crossing be effected below the junction
of the }linden with the Jumna, if the Jumna itself be
as manageable there as at Agra or Delhi). The route by
way of Agra would be about 20 miles longer, and conse-
quently, from that cause, increase the cost of construction to
probably within a trifle of that direct route.
5L If Agra be accommodated with a branch line only, and
that branch be terminated on the opposite side of the river to
the city, it would be highly inconvenient and undesirable;
but if a bridge is to be constructed at Agra, at all events, to
carry the railway into the city, which it should by all means
do, then the consideration would be greatly in favour of
taking the main line by the Agra route, for the more perfect
accommodation of that great capital of Upper India.
52.—Whichever of the two directions for the main line
between Cawnpore and Delhi be finally fixed upon by Go-
vernment as most desirable, the line can, at any future time,
be extended to Kurnal, and to the frontier, where a terminus
might be established on the highest navigable part of the
Sutlej, and thus connect the great rivers, the Indus and the
Ganges.
53.—The branches to be recommended for construc-
tion on this upper portion of the main line from Cal-
cutta to the north-west would be one to Furruckabad, a
second to Allyghur, a third to Meerut, and, upon the future
extension of the line to Kurnal, a branch could be advan-
tageously constructed from thence north-eastward towards
the bills on which the sanatory stations of Simla and Miss-
sooree are situated, or wherever else it may be found de-
sirable.
54.—The first branch, or that to Furruckabad, would
leave the main line about 60 miles north-westward of Cawn-
pore, and proceed direct, the length being about 45 miles
from the line, 'through bhekobad to Agra, and 32 miles if
taken from the direct line from Delhi to Dlynpooree.
55.—The second branch, or that to Allyghur, would lead
direct from Agra, and would be about 48 miles long ; but if
the direct line to Delhi be adopted, this branch would not be
required, as the line itself would pass through Allyghur.
56.—The third branch would be from Delhi to Meerut, about
36 miles long, and which, if the main line takes the right
bank of the river, we• propose should terminate opposite to
the city of Delhi, as it appears to us the traffic would not be
sufficient to warrant the expense of constructing a costly
bridge over the river Jumna for the purpose.
57.—The fourth branch, namely, from Kumal towards the
Hills, re( luires no further remark at the present time than we
have already bestowed upon it,
dirsegcl—lf; thoo
Delhi
ee
lvheir
hit r
osuhgohu lAd bi
ye
guhl
ut irm
ba
et el y
adopted,resolvedthet hbartantchhe
to Agra would leave such main line near to Sikundra, a dis-
tance of about 40 miles.
59.—We have given, as we consider, the leading facts on
both sid( is of the question, necessary for the final choice of
the dire( Won of the main line; these appear to us so nicely
balanced that we would refrain from making a positive re
common( lation upon the subject ; but if called upon to state
which of the two we would prefer, we should be disposed to
recomm( aid the route by Agra.
60.-1 'he general character of the works, &c.—The heavy
works ui ion the whole line from Calcutta to Delhi, will, for
the most part, be of masonry, consisting of bridges to cross
the very numerous rivers and nullahs in its course, many of
which al ,e of great magnitude, and all very considerable.
The earl hworki will be light, except at the summit of the
country described in para. 27, at which place it may be
found net :essary to undertake works of a heavier kind ; but,
upon the whole, it is not to be expected that there exist in
the world _ many lines of equal length requiring so small an
amount oi 'earthwork to be performed.
61.—Ti se great bridges comprise those over the rivers
Hoogly a nd Soane upon the lower portion of the line, and
the cross; ings of the Jumna, at Allahabad and Agra, or Delhi,
upon the upper portion; and although these structures will
be very c ostly, yet there is nothing in their character that
can caus e them to be considered as insurmountable diffi-
culties ; the chief difficulty will be in their cost.
62.-1 Vith a view to enable contracting parties to open
the who le Line at the earliest period with the least possible
outlay, it might be advisable to permit of the laying
down, ht._ the first instance, of a single line of railway,
with all necessary passing places ; but this should
distinctly al ply to the permanent way only, as the
earthworks and masonry (but more especially to the
masonry' wol ass) should be constructed for the reception
of A 09011 i line ; thin latter 91;05eryilti9A regarding

the masonry should apply alto to the branetea, se that At
any future time a second line could thereon also be appliedi
without difficulty. The earthworks upon the :Oranchesi
might with safety refer to a single line only, as th ey will,
in the branches already named, amount altogebe r to $
trifle.

63.—1 t is highly probable that a double line of rails w ill be
absolutely necessary upon the main trunk line at no k talent
period, if not required in the first instance, and therefo ye We
would recommend, that in consenting to a single line to b egg
with, it should be understood to imply that such single .line
is only admissiole until the whole length is opened to Itta
public, when a second line should be added forthwith, if till
railwaycompanybe called upon by the Government to do so.
64.—We cannot but view the whole distance from Calcutta
to Delhi as one line, for we are of opinion that as such it
would be better worked and conducted under the manage-
ment of one company than if it were divided and in the
hands of more numerous bodies; besides which, we consider
that it would also be advantageons as well 1.345 fair, that the
whole should be granted to one company, ii a sufficiently
sound party will come forward to undertake it, because they
would then have a great length of line for a reasemable ave-
rage outlay. The lower half, from Caloutta to _Mirzapore,
costingconsiderably above that average, aid the upyer half,
from Mirzapore to Delhi, as much below it.
65.—We conclude by adding, that in addition to the lino
from Bombay joining the main trunk-line between Alla!Tabu/
and Calcutta, as before alluded to, it has been suggested to
us by his Honour the Lieutenant-Governor of the North-
West Provinces, that a suitable line of country may hereafter
be found for the construction of a railway from Agra to Bonn-
bay ; by these two lines, the north-western provinces
would be effectually supplied with comrnunication, not only
with the seat of the Supreme Government at Calcutta, bat
with the great seaports on the two opposite pasts of the
continent of India.

( Signed) F. W. SIMMS, C.E.
A. H. C. BOILEAU, Captain Ebgineera•
J. R. WESTERN, Captain Engineers•
Camp Sersoul, March 13,1846.

(Tnie copy.)
T. L. PEACOCK,
Examiner of India Correspondence.
East India llctue, Aug. 3, 1846.

METROPOLITAN LABOURERS'
SUBURBAN DWELLINGS SOCIETY.
A public meeting was held on Thursday, in the Temperalace
Hall, Waterloo-road, to explain the objects of this Society..
Mr. WILLIAM FowEr,r, having taken the chair at half-past
eight o'clock, introduced
Mr. OLIVER KELLY, who explained the objects of the
Society. He said that a society would be formed, consisting
of a chairman, secretary and treasurer, and committee of
management, &c., having fur its object the bettering of thee
condition of the labouring classes. This object would be.
sought by purchasing ground some five miles along the'
different railways, on which to build cottages, having an-
nexed to each of them a plot of ground suitable in size to
the wants of the family. The cottages would vary in size from
two and four to six rooms, and would be let at the stole rent
with the ground attached as the working man was at present
paying for a worse lodging in the unhealthy atmosphere of
the worst parts of London. He said, they offered them thne
country air, a plot of arable ground, and a cheap comfortable
cottage, instead of the lodgings in London, which, in soma
cases, were worse than the miserable huts in which their
fellow subjects in Ireland eked out their sad existence.
These he said were the points on which they rested their
claims. lie then referred to an article which appeared on the
12th May last, in the Liverpool Mercury, in reference to the
village of Crewe, which had lately started into existence, in
connexion with the Grand Junction Railway. In that vil-
lage it was said the rent was from 2e. to 3s. 6d. a week; and
to meet doctor's expenses, a boy, if he received 10s. a week,
was taxed a penny, or a halfpenny if under this sum, a single
man one penny, and a married man three halfpence ; that
was all the charge made for doctors' attendance. Such, said
Mr. Kelly was something similar to what they intended to
erect. Ile then referred to au article which lately appeared
in the Medical Times, describing the filthy and unhealthy
dwellings inhabited by the poorer classes in London, and tho
possible catastrophe to which they might be exposed, in case
a pestilence, such as the cholera, should invade the locality.
Mr. Kelly said that the rent proposed by the society
wouldinclude the charge of going to and from by
the railway, which charge, according to an offer made
them by the Railway Companies, would be one penny;
and in case any of the tenants wished to go out or in at
other hours, the society would endeavour to get the charge
of conveyance reduced to the same sum as the society paid.
Of course no bond was entered into, the tenant was under
no constraint, if the terms did not suit him he could leave.
He added, that among those already on the committee, was
Earl Grey, Lord Ashley, Mr. Ewart, Mr. Ricardo,
M.P., Mr. D. Wire, Mr. Douglas Jerrold, Mr. Grisell, and
Mr. Smirke.
Mr. BREARY then addressed the meeting on the advan-
tages of the society's project, and answered some questions
tending to elucidate the working of the society.
A Womuxa MAN suggested that the opportunity should
be added of becoming the owner 'of his cottage; that if he
should pay 2s. or 2s. 6d. as interest on the money laid out on
the cottage, perhaps 1001., and 4s. or ss. rent, the rent should
go to rubbing off the value.
The CHAIRMAN said, that had not been considered by the
originators of the Society.
ANOTHER WORKMAN expressed his apprehension that he
would lose the franchise if he went out of the borough, unless
he because a freeholder.
A show of hands was then taken on the merits of the So—
ciety, when a large majority of those present voted in favour
of the project, and none against it.
• Mr. Busitnar read a petition, which he proposed the
workmen should sign, praying their employers to become
members of the committee of the Society, in order to protect
the interests of their workmen.
A vote of thanks was then unanimously accorded to the
Chairman, and the meeting separated.

A MURDER THIRTY YEARS AGO:
The following romantic narrative appears in the Kilkenny
Moderator:—" During the last week a circumstance was
brought to light in this country, which in horrific interest vies
with, if it does not exceed, the celebrated case of Eugene Aram,
E nd requires but such another cordial fictionist as Sir E. Eulwer
to weave it into a tale most supassing in romantic effect and
tragical excitement. It appears that on Tuesday, the 4th
inst., some labourers were engaged in removing a large heap
of stones which had remained piled together, beyond the
memory of man, in the demesne of Etossenarra, the residence
of Mr. William Morres Reades, when they discovered con-
cealed within the heap, the perfect skeleton of a man, whose
fiesh and clothes were entirely rotted-away, with the-amp-
tion of a pair of brogues that were upon the feet, and which
are stated to be of a fashion and construction not in use for
the last 25 years. On the following day an inquest was held
on the remains at Kilmaganny, by Mr. T. Izod, county
coroner, when it appeared from the evidence of Dr. Peile that
the deceased had been murderd by a blow inflicted on the skull.
No ether positive testimony could be procured, but amongst
the country people the extraordinary circumstances of the case
are accounted for as follows : —lt appears that about 30 years
since, three men named Cornelius Cahill, his son John, and
R---d L—y were committed to our county gaol on a charge
of being concerned in the burning of a farmhouse. Cornelius
Cahill escaped condemnation by becoming an approver, and,
if the story of the peasantry be correct, his evidence
actually hung his son, but L—y was acquitted
for want of sufficient evidence. The tradition goes on
further to state, that a man named Heany, known by the
sobriquet of ' the Tresher'—a Tipperary boy, who did occa-
sional' handy jobs' for the people of the district—had been
engaged by the before-mentioned parties in burning the house.
Shortly after the escape of old Cahill and L—y, he came to
the neighbourhood for the purpose of demanding a reward
previously promised to him by them for his services. The
hushed-up story amongst the peasantry at the time, and still
well-remembered, was, that the parties having refused the re-
ward, the man threatened to become King's evidence and hang
them, whereupon they murdered him, and according to one
report, burned his body in a limekiln, whilst another, and, as
it now appears, more correct rumour, pointed cut the very place
in which the skeleton has been now found, as the spot where the
murdered remains were secreted. Old Cahill died some time
since at the age of 100 years, but L—y is a small farmer,
still living in the neighbourhood, and bears the character of
having. since the occurrence alluded to, conducted himself
very properly. Strong, however, as the evidence of tradition
is upon the subject, it is not probable that sufficient light will
be thrown on this singular tragedy to bear out further its re-
semblance to the case of Eugene Aram, by the bringing of
the perpetrator of the deed to condign punishment. The ver-
dict of the jury was That deceased was murdered a long
time since by some person or persons unknown. That the
injuries affecting life were a heavy fracture on the left temple,
and the left malar bone; and that the skeleton had shoes or
brogues on, and was discovered under a heap of stones, on
Tuesday last, on the demesne of Rossenarra in this county.' "

EXTENSIVE FIRE AT WELLTMORPE, NEAR BRENT-
FIELD.—On Wednesday morning, shortly before daybreak,
a policeman of the Wellthorpe, division whilst going his
rounds near the mansion of Major P. F. Henderton, of
Hadley Lodge, Wellthorpe, observed a bright glare from
one of the house windows; he immediately alarmed the
inmates, and on the servants proceeding to examine the
premises it was ascertained that a room on the first floor
adjoining the library was on .fire. In the alarm and hurry
that ensued the doors of the various rooms and passages were
thrown open, and the large plate glass of rid
passage room
was broken in order to admit the water from a garden engine,
but unfortunately the draught caused by the admission of air
increased the volume of fire, which quickly communicating
with the adjoining library, spread with fearful rapidity.
Several engines from Brentfield and other places were brought
into requisition with every possible dispatch, but their united
efforts, combined with a plentiful supply of water, were un-
availing in arresting the progress of the fire. In less than
an hour's space the entire of the left wing of the building
was enveloped in flames. A number of the country people
assisted in removing such articles of furniture and valuables
as could be come at. By half-past four o'clock the fire had
extended to a large portion of the main building, where it
continued to rage until the whole was almost entirely con.
sumed. By great exertions the fire was prevented from
communicating with the remaining wing of the mansion, con-
sisting of the servants' offices, stables, &c. Several acci-
dents occurred during the progress of the fire. A fireman,
attached to the Wellthorpe parish engine, fell from a ladder
placed against one of the windows and fractured one of his
legs. One of the female servants, in endeavouring to save
some valuable property, became surrounded by the flames in
one of the rooms. The woman rushed to the window, from
which she dropped, but her person coming in contact with
an iron verandah below, several of her ribs were dreadfully
fractured, and her person otherwise injured. Another of the
servants is missing. The property is supposed to be insured,
but in the absence of Major Henderton, who is at present on
the Continent, nothing certain is known about the matter.
THE POTATO ROT IN DEVONSHIRE.—A corre-s
pondent informs us that in the parishes of Cornwood,
Plympton St. Mary, and all along the borders of the river
Tamar, the crops of potatoes may be generally considered
as perfect failures. Previous to the appearance of the disease
the crops could not possibly look finer, but the disease seems
in numerous places to have made its appearance entirely in
a single night. Our correspondent thinks that the progress
of the disease was more rapid during the prevalence of some
heavy fogs which preceded hot easterly winds. The haulm
does not appear to have rotted from moisture, but to have
completely withered away from exposure to excessive heat,
the whole of the top parts of the haulm being reduced to
such a condition that they mat' be pulverised by pressure
between the fingers. The smel of the withered haulm is
like that of moist hay, and much of it very offensive.—
Plymouth Journal.
NOTTINGHAM AND LINCOLN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
—Mr. Ferguson Joseph inspected this line on Wednesday
last, pursuant to his instructions by the spirited directors of
the Midland Railway, for the purpose of erecting an electric
telegraph, to communicate between Nottingham and the
ancient city of Lincoln. The utility of these instruments be-
come daily more and more apparent, and very soon they will
be considered an indispensable portion of railway machinery,
as by these means, in case of sudden emergency, in a few
minutes information can be transmitted, and regulations
made which formerly could only be done by awaiting the de-
parture and arrival of trains. The erection of posts and wnetres
on the Nottingham and Lincoln line will be commenced 25!
week, and in the course of one month, it is c.alculatTA,....pg•
telegraph will be complete and ready for oporisww•
Mt, telegraph

'TILE RUSSELL CABINET—its POSITION,
1 POLICY, and PROSPECTS, No. 2, in RELATION to
the PREI iS, in the " WEEKLY CHRONICLE" Of SATURDAY,
the 15th of August instant, with the INDIAN MAIL, and all the
News of the Week.
Office, 337, Strand ; and all Newsmen.

TFIE INTELLECTUAL CLAIMS of YOUNG
IRELAND, No. 2—The " Poets" of the "Nation," in the
" W'E-EKLY CHRONICLE" of SATVBDAY, the 15th of August
in l.a At, with all the Week's News.
Ofdee, 337, Strand; and all Newswieti.

OOD ENTERTAINMENT ;or MAN and
4.311 HORSE) at the SIGN of the MA.11,4111S of GRANBY ;
'With the Government and the Irish Arms ; the St. Alban's Elec-
tion ; and all the News of the Week, in ';,he " WEEKLY Cillto-
- of SATURDAY, the 15th instant.
Office, 337, Strand ; and. au Newsmen.

Now ready, in 2 vols., ratan Svo., 21s. bound.
PETERSBURc;II AND MOSCOW.
A VISIT
70 THE Cr:WET OF THE CZAR.
By LICHAHD '.3OUTEIWELL BOURKE, Esq.
Henry C,olburn, Pe.disher, 13, Great Marlborough• street.

14!'rin- ready, Price 21s. bound,
OUJINIE VII. of the NELSON LETTERS
AND DISPATCHES.

CO3IPLETING THE WORK.
N.B. The Subscribers are requested to give immediate orders to
their booksellers, for the completion of their sets, to prevent asap-
pointxnent.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Nov Ready, In One Vol. post Bvo., with Illustrations,
LIFE IN THE WILDERNESS;
Or, WANDERINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA.

1171 HENRY H. METHUEN, B.A.
" Nothing can 'be more original and animated than this narrative
of travel in tfre wilds of South Africa. It opens to us a new region
and a new state of existence. It is one of those works which every
one will b e eager to read, and which every one will be delighted
with."—T,ritainda.

Richard Bent/Ey, New Burlington-street,
(Publisher ill Ordinary to her Majesty).

RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.
ifAXESSRS, LANIOND, SMALE, AND
L.AMOY(D, Railway Share Auctioneers, beg to thank their
Friends and tne Public for their coutinued support and patroxage,
and to anpounce that their Public Sales or Railway Shares, &c.,
take place every TUESDAY and Fatuity. at One o'clock, at the
Hall or Commeree, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
favours, containing Instructions (with a reference), are respectfully
requested to be addressed.
all Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day
previous to their being offered ; and advices of results will I),
fbrwarded by the first post after the sale, ant the proceeds imme-
diately disposed of according to instructions.
Offices. Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street. London.

HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.
THE LIST NIGHT BUT ONE OF TUE SEASON.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed Seniors Opera,
NORMA.

Norma, Madame Grist; Adalgisa, Aldile.Corbari; Pollineo, Sig. Co-
rolli ; and Groves.), Sig. Lablache.
After which the highly successful new and original Divertisse-
ment, er!...itled

LE JUGEMENT DE PARIS,

C,orapesing a new Pas—" Le Pas ►?c Deesses." By 3Sdlle. Taglionl,
INldlle. Louise Taglioni, lfdlle. Cerite, Ladle Grahn, 31dlle.
Demelisse, Mdlle. Casvan, And MM. St. Leon and Perrot.
To be followed (hr desire) with the First Act of Verdi's cele-
brated Opera, entitled