The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-08 00:00:00

Member for Bolton, that all corporal punishment be abolished.
Such was the argument of the Hon. Gentleman.—( Loud cries
of " Nu, no," and " Hear, Lear.) He said besides that the
officers in the army were totally unfit to control any body of
men. —( Mr. Bright said the Hon. Gentleman entirely misstated
his argument.( He (Mr. Goulburn) said it was difficult to
apportion punishment in any case, but much more in the army,
where the consequences that followed in the community from
acts which e ere yet not immoral must be taken into consider-
ation. Insult, for example, of which in civic society no no-
tice was taken, would produce consequences, if allowed to go
unnoticed, which would undo the discipline of the army. He
found that some of those who were for reduccing the degree of
punishment, or rather for abolishing it altoecther, were for re-
ducing
the pay of the soldier; the Hon. Member for Coventry,
for example, and yet it was stated in evidence that
same evening, that increased pay in certain regiments
had made punishment almost unnecessary. Now, amid these
conflicting opinions, it was difficult to fix on the degree of
punishment which would be proper. But, besides these, Hon.
Gentlemen had not said whether they would substitute any,
and what punishment, if they abolished this. If they would
suggest extra drilling, it must be recollected that the press
had taken up that very subject, and, in the case of an officer
who had been shot, cue paper even said that he had been
justly shot at because he had over-worked this instrument of
punishment. Looking, then, at all these difficulties, he would
support the reduction proposed by the Government, and would
maintain that number of lashes, in hopes that, by and by, it
would be unnecessary, when the character of the soldier should
be elevated,
Me. HUAIE said he had seen many changes, and with
gratification, and he was not a little gratified at seeing the
change which had occurred in the Hon. Gentleman who bad
just sat down. Fifty lashes suited the Hon. Gentleman now.
He (Mr. Hume) had seen him when 300 would not satisfy him,
when he would have a thousand.—( Hear, hear.) He had also
misrepresented some of the Hon. Gentlemen beside him (Mr.
Hume.) He had charged the Hon. Member for Coventry
with wishing to diminish the pay of the common soldier. Such
was certainly not his wish. or the meaning of his words. He
had advocated a short term of years, and the absence of favour
to particular regiments ; that all regiments might share the
changes of climate, and the dangers of transit. These were
subjects on which that Hon. Member had addressed the House.
As for himself, while he advocated economy, he had always
been forward in advancing the comfort of the soldier. When
the late motion was made for Uraties to the soldiers, he
did not oppose that ; he cordially supported he motion.
Why has the Hon. Gentleman, who said so much on this sub-
ject, not made some effort to ameliorate the condition of the
army ? He was asked by a party. as he was coming into the
House that very day, how it etas that the army continued to pig
together in the way they did ? It surprised him ; but from the
statement of the Hon. Gentleman, he now understood the
matter perfectly. It was evident that there was a scarcity of
water provided in barracks, and that, too, at a time when the
Commissioners on the subject of health ascribed disease and
unhealthiness to the want of water as an agent to promote
cleanliness. He was a friend to peace, but as it was necessary
that they should have an army and navy, it was his desire that
they should be kept as respectable as possible.—( Hear.) Now
his opinion might be in some degree biassed by his own
circumstances, having been once be the army himself, in the
East Indies, for twelve years, during which period their had
been no corporal punishment, while in the European army
there hail been several instances. In Madras was considered
a punishment to be turned out of the native army. He con-
tended that the system adopted in the British army had a
tendency to brutalise the soldiery. It was the tendency of all
human authority to misuse power; and he contended that, at
the Horse Guards, the cases were not so strictly inquired into
as they should have been. He considered that the mind of the
public was so deeply engaged in this matter that it
must be altered. It should be remembered that
every 50 lashes inflicted 400 stripes. Now, supposing there
was no important physical injury inflicted, he contended
that the mental degradation which was caused was
sufficient to induce them to abolish punishment of this de-
scription. It appeared to him that if the lash was abolished
and limited service were to be allowed, a great thing would
be effected in the military establishment of the country.—
( Hear.) He should conclude by stating that he would support
the Hon. Member for Bolton.
Mr. GOULBURN denied that he had at any time supported
the infliction of 300 lashes.
Mr. H UAIE said that the Hon. Member had done so in the
year 1838.
Mr. GOULBURN said that in that year the proposition
made was for total abolition of corporal punishment, and it was
that which he opposed, and not 300 lashes.
Colonel SIBTHORPE could not but express his disgust at
the opinions of the Hon Member for Durham. He thought
there could be but one feeling of sovereign contempt for the
opinions of such a man.—(Cries of " Order.") The service
would rejoice to know that the Hon. Member did not belong
to the army—(Laughter and cheers)—and although it was
composed of the interests of society, yet that he would never
belong to it.—( Laughter and cheers.)
Colonel WOOD considered it necessary for the true disci-
pline of the army that better accommodation should be afforded
to the troops than they at present possessed ; and he hoped the
Hon. Member for Montrose, in spite of all his jealous watch-
fulness ever the army estimates, would be prepared at an early
period to give his support to an increased vote for affording
this necessary accommodation. —( Cries of " Divide, divide.")
He believed that nothing did so much to cause a reluctance to
enter the army as the diminution in the pension. He thought
that by increasing the pension they would get a better descrip-
tion of men fee the army, and consequently the necessity for
inflicting corporal punishment would be completely removed.
Mr. H. CURTEIS moved the adjournment of the debate.—
(Cries of " Oh, oh.")
Lord J. RUSSELL hoped that the Hon. Member would not
press his motion, as it would be more advisable to bring the
debate to a close that night.
Mr. H. CURTEIS said that his object in proposing the ad-
journment was to afford Hon. Members a further opportunity
of expressing their sentiments on this subject. The Hon.
Member proceeded to say that the Horse Guards might soon
set their House in order, for public opinion would force them
to do away with this degrading punishment. He thought the
country was deeply indebted to the jury who sat on the Houns-
low affair for the way in which they had done their duty. He
would further observe that great obstacles were thrown in the
way of a full investigation, and it was to the moral courage of
the Rev. Mr. Trimmer that they were mainly indebted for
originating the investigation. He would now withdraw his
motion for the adjournment.
Colonel PEEL wished to explain, in correction of a state-
ment made by the Hon. Member for Bolton, who stated that
the offences in the British army were as two to one compared
with the French army. This was not correct, as the returns
furnished by the French Government would show.
After a few observations from an Hon. Member, whose
name did not transpire, the gallery was cleared for a division.
On our re-admission, there appeared—
For the motion to go into Committee
For Dr. Bowring's motion
.Majority against Dr. Bowring's motion... —53
On the motion for the Speaker leaving the Chair,
Mr. OSBORNE moved that it shall not be lawful to in-
flict any corporal punishment by flogging on any private
soldier, corporal, or noncommissioned officer in the army or
militia of the United Kingdon, save for offences committed on
the line of march, mutiny, or theft ; and that in all such cases
the number of lashes be limited to fifty. The Hon. Member
said he would press his motion to a division.
Atter a few words from Lord JOHN RUSSELL, urging
the Hon. Member to withdraw his amendment,
Strar gers were ordered to withdraw, and the House divided.
when there appeared,
For the motion
• Agsinst it
Majority against the motion —s6
The House then went into Committee, pro forma, and
obtained leave to sit to-morrow,
The House then resumed.
The following Bills were then read a third time and passed:—
Copyhold Commission Bill.
Turnpike Acts Continuation Bill.
Stock in Trade Bill.
Highway Rates Bill.
Loan Societies Bill.
THE FORMS ASSESSED TAXES BILL
went through Committee pro
.forma.
MILITIA PAY BILL.

light be had shown that he was justified in making the
he did, bet it was said Mr. Wilson, being a friend of his,
opportutities of speaking to that gentlemen upon the
and biasing his judgment. Now the fact was, he never
ged a sentence
with Mr. Wilson on the subject, nor did
! what Mr. Wilson's opinion was, or Mr. Wilson big
orlon upon it, till after the inquir( Hear, hear.) It
we true that Dr. Hall, Dr. Reid,y.— and Dr. Warren and
Ij expressed an opinion different to Mr. Wilson ; but
ildispute the discoveries made by that gentleman ?
:la%) Did they dispute the change in the poseion of
es r—(Hear, hear.) Did they dispute that there was
ina'ter surrounding' the muscles, or did they dispute
;tniuseles were in close proximity to extremely iefismed
letebody Hear, hear.) ,No ! they did not. Well,
them remember that Mr. Wilson expressed a positive
05 tie subject, and gave it as his conviction that the
was the cause of death.—( Hear, hear.) Could the
otherwise than rely upon such practical and impartial
'IY as
ethis. The jury agreed with Mr. Wilson, and
onviction that they were perfectly right.—E Hear,
th"°„lir this brought him to the question immediately
the Rouse. The Noble, Lord proposed to limit the
tho lashes to 50, but there were circumstances under
e might be as severe as "00.—(Hear.) Of what
lias the cat to be ?—( Hear, hear. wash weiht
V' lid
of thong ? How many knots it to have?
erne
was the punishment to take up ? ( Hear, hear.)
:,7r things which had not been taken into considera.
i3l •E
they were not carefully regulated, the 50 lashes
lin Unfortunately worse than 100.—( Hear, hear.)
jest connected with the influence which external in-
'otevelved on the interior of the body had undergone
nii°w of late, but it seemed to be an established rule
l.n3' that flogging could never cause death.—(Hear,
.4 rule which, in his opinion, was in opposition to
'inciple of common sense.—(oh, oh !) He said that
:Pinion, and let him remark that he 11,,d no motive for
1: (Hear, bear. ) The Honourable Gentleman
,tided to two cases which had recently occurred,
alight skin injury had produced inflammation of
!at, which resulted in death, went on to
'lrnPortance of the skin had hitherto been overlooked,
!al oow tolerably certain that many persons had died
hires to the skin, without the cause of death ever being
Ired.•--(Hear, hear.) It was said, however, that the
;n,ght to exercise caution, and take especial care to
hwnther the man were in a condtn toe unished.
,ere.) Now, was not this absurdi ?io What t human skill
IP Could discover the condition of the interior of the
aces might be lying dormant, whose existence the
teleer would be ignorant of, and yet a single lash
~41 them into fresh action in the course of a few hours.
,n", bear.) Well, then, he said their sentence of 50
night end in death. They had already seen 150
Ipro-
laute'esult, and it was notorious to medical men tht a
might produce a skin injury which woud result
trillear, hear. ) Now, under these circumstances,
on system be continued ? From the Noble Lord's
„ell: thought he was strongly opposed to the system, or,
not favourable to it. Now, if the House should
'T reject the motion, he trusted the Noble Lord
'e'er thIS matter, as a medical questum. fur the conside-
IM decision not of army or navy surgeons, bat of the
l'aost eminent anatomists and surgeons of the day.—
ear.) If they did not report that 50 lashes, nay, even
would be dangerous to life, he never would address
use neon the subject again.—(Hear, hear.)
BERKELEY having been alluded to by the Hon.
r for Finsbury, claimed it as a right, as an independent
rof that House, to express his opinion as to the con-
'''ch that Hon. Gentleman had lately persued, in his cape-
Coroner for Middlesex.—( Hear, hear.) Now, what
e fasts of the case which the Honourable Gentleman
'light before the House ? A death of a private soldier
7th Hussars took place, and the Hon. Gentleman was
termed of it. He held an inquest as to the cause of the
and it was proved, upon the authority of four medical
weluding the surgeon of the army, who made a post-
ezaminition of the body, that the flogging was not
Ise of death.—(Hear, hear.) The Hon. Gentleman,
isfied with the evidence, appointed another medical
lan •to make an examination of the body, from which
luded the other four gentlemen. Now, if everything
r and above board, where Was the necessity for this
n?—(Hear, hear.) Over and over again had the
lerober refused to hold his inquest on a murdered man
the murderer were present ; but in the present case he
allow no officer to be present while the examination
ing proceeded with, lest they should influence the

GREAT

TEM if ERANCE
DEMON ST RATION
AT

COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE,

This grand dernonstation, in concexion with the sit-
tings of the World's Temperance Convention, to which
the friends of the cause had so ardently looked forward,
took place last evening, in Covent-garden Theatre, and
was all, and even more, than the most sanguine amongst
them could have anticipated. The platform (which was
erected upon the stage), pit, and galleries, were crowded
to excess (notwithstanding the admission was not free),
and the boxes were filled with elegantly-dressed ladies
and gentlemen. The vast building consequently pre•
sented a most animating scene, and forcibly reminded
us of the similar immense gatherings that were wont to
be held there for the purpose of promoting that other
great cause—free trade which has now happily
triumphed.
On the platform were delegates from different quar-
ters of the globe ; amongst whom we observed G. W.
Alexander, Esq. (treasurer of the National Temperance
and Anti-Slavery Societies) ; the Rev. Dr. Beecher and
the Rev. Dr. Massey, of Cincinnati ; Henry Clapp, Esq.
and Frederick Douglas, Esq., of Massachussets; the Rev.
E. M. Kirk, of Albany; Dr. Campbell, B. Potter, Esq.,
G. W. Attwood, Esq., merchant, London; Rev. J. Burns,
J. Meredith, Esq., Wm. Casher, Esq., Rev. Dr. Marsh,
Rev. Dr. Patton, Rev. Dr. Cox, Lawrence Heyworth,
of Liverpool ; Dr. Beaumont, of Bradford ; J.
Rutter, Esq., Shaftesbury ; J. S. Buckingham, Esq. ;
Henry Vincent, Esq. ; Dr. Oxley, Dr. Lovell, W. Jan-
son, jun., Esq., &c., &c.
The proceedings of the meeting were opened at half-
past six o'clock by the Rev. JABEZ Bonies moving that
George W. Alexander, Esq., take the chair. The motion
having been seconded and carried, that gentleman took
the chair amidst great cheering.
The CHAIRMAN commenced his observations by saying
that he was little worthy to occupy the post to which he
had been called that evening. He would not, however,
abuse the trust which had been confided to him
by troubling them with many observations, know-
ing as he did, that he was surrounded by some of
the ablest friends of the anti-slavery cause—(Great
laughter and cheers)—he meant by some of the ablest
friends of the total abstinence cause, not only in this
country, but in the United States of America—(Cheers)
—and it had been to some of them a delightful treat to
listen to the statements which they had given to them
(during the three days of the Convention) of the cause
of total abstinence in the United States. Ho did not
doubt that that assembly would listen to those gentle-
men with equal satisfaction ; and ,he trusted that no
small amount of benefit would be derived to this
great cause from the meeting of that evening.—
(Cheers.) It was, he thought, quite needless that he
should attempt to address to them any arguments in
favour of that cause which they had met to promote. It
appeared to him that there were one or two simple con-
siderations and facts, which were abundantly sufficient
to commend it to the attention and command the esteem
and regard of every philanthropist and Christian. If, on
the one hand, they compared all the good that it could
be alleged that intoxicating drinks had done (supposing
them really to have been productive of any), and on the
other hand, the incalculable amount of crime and misery,
both in this world and the next, to which they had led,
he thought they should be prepared to make any
sacrifice which might be demanded of them,
in order to promote the cause of total ab-
stinence. (Hear, hear.) But besides all that,
they were able to appeal to the very delightful fact,
that there had been a very large number of persons who
a few years ago were supposed to be incapable of re-
formation—that there had been a very large number of
drunkards who had been reclaimed from the ranks of
intemperance.—(Cheers.) And he believed it might be
safely stated that there was scarcely a place to be found,
in which total abstinence had been established, in which
such results hnd not followed.—(Hear, hear.) He con-
fessed that that one circumstance was with him quite
sufficient to induce him to adopt the practice of entire
abstinence—(Hear, hear)— but as he had already said
that he did not intend to make a long speech, he
was determined to adhere to his promise. He
did feel that while some of them esteemed
it to be at once their privilege end their duty
to do all they possibly could to abolish slavery from
every part of the globe—(Cheers)—it was at the same
time a solemn duty, which was incumbent upon English-
men, to abolish the slavery of drunkenness, and to re-
move from our own countrymen those dreadful evils of
which intoxication was the cause.—(Loud cheers.)
With these few remaks, he felt satisfied that his office,
as chairman, would be very light, and he would now
take his seat, in order to listen to the addresses which
would be delivered to them.—(Cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN again rose, and said, that he was re-
quested to state that as it was desirable that they should
have the opportunity of hearing as many speakers as
possible from different parts of the world, each speaker
would be required to confine himself to the space of
fifteen minutes.—(Applause.) He ought also to state,
and he did so with considerable regret, that he had re-
ceived a letter from their friend Joseph Sturge, in which
he stated that Elihu Burritt, in consequence of indisposi-
ion, would not be able to take part in the proceedings of
let evening, and that he had been compelled to leave

WAKLEY—That is not true.
C. BERKELEY said he would refer the Hon. Mem-
the reports of the proceedings which had been pub-
from day to day in the public papers.—(Cheers.) With
to the main question he would say, in answer to the
'ember for Bolton, that he knew the case of several per-
u) had been flogged, and who were now most excellent

WAKLEY said the Hon. and Gallant Member had
t several charges against him ; first, that he had ex-
medical officers from the post mortem examination. I
so (said the Hon. Member), and I would do so again.—
!*) The Hon. Member seemed to have &strange notion
rte, if he thought it was unjust in him to do so. They
'Judged their case ; they had come to the conclusion:that
‘as not caused by the flogging, and he wanted to know
rtne would have been justified in permitting those three
,Ohe present at this examination, after the intimation
ii!sd been thrown out to him by the jury ?
'4 not want to see any more, they had
red cause of death. The rule which he adopted
„
• '144 acted upon in cases of this sort by the superior
leeor was it out of an feeling of disrespect for those
4tiellien that he would not permit them to be present
referred to by the Hon. Member. Three ex-
?it,. of the bogy were made. The first one by Drs.
111 Ills and Reid. And it was not until he found that
ad arou employed in the succeeding examination, Mr.
on 0,41 into the same error as the preceding gentle-
ad t:le subject—(lronical cheers)—that he had de-
te send for Mr. Erasmus Wilson to make a wore
t e -,lnlination of the body. On that occasion Mr. Day
ifruded. He should have exposed himself to much
robed acted in any other manner than he had done.
le /1041 e brought against him was that contained in
he arl'', Member called an excellent medical work.
le pe iner that the Non. Member quoted from was
thenstupid lawyer, so little did the Hon. Member
publication in question.—( Hear, hear.) He also
rued that upon former occasions he would not go on
e Inquest on a murdered man in the absence of the
Cr. Why the Hon. and Gallant Member must be aware
are was no prisoner in the present case, or he might
erred that he would have had him present, if he could
Y have obtained his attendance.—(Cheers.) He had
'd this attack upon his conduct, and he had come down
id with ammunition, although he did not belong to the
Y Profession.—( Laughter, and cheers.) He had a letter
le solicitor approving of the course he had adopted.
F• BERKELEY rose to order, he did not think the
brxher shonld be allowed to make a second spech.
3 insisted upon his right to be heard; serious
b • a'
been brought against him of Mr. Wilson's evi-
...alien to order.
BERKELEY said it was list his charge.
'rw AKLEY—Tha Hon. Member had adopted them, and
..
iWakley) had instructed his solicitor to move for a
al nformation on the subject of the paragraph. He was
however, to say that, if the solicitor was satisfied with
aduct (who was present during the whole of the pro-
go), he thought that at least the Hon. and Gallant
ier, who was not present, might be satisfied upon the
t. The lion. Member then read a copy of a letter
he solicitor, as follows :—" Dear Sir,—You request me
.5 what was my impression of your conduct at the in-
held at Hounslow on the body of White, a private in the
iussars. As I conclude your inquiry had reference only
tr own conduct upon the occasion, I have no hesitation
ing that you allowed us to have any witnesses examined
I we pleased to offer, and allowed them to make any
lent which was desirable, and which the ends of justice
aded ; your conduct during the investigation was marked
:raordinary patience and ability." The Hon. Member
sad a letter from Mr. Trimmer, a magistrate of Hounslow,
came effect.
.He had also other letters from influential
s of the same tendency, which he would read to the
s if they wished.—(Cheers.) In conclusion, he hoped
I satisfied the House that there had been nothing unfair
conduct during the whole of the proceedings.—(The
Member resumed his seat amid loud cheers. )
'• C. BULLER said that he felt bound to say a few
S upon the subject before the House, with reference to the
i,sition brought forward by the Noble Lord at the head of
zovernment. The Hon. Member for Finsbury said that
'ght be evaded by an alteration in the instrument of
re, so that, though nominally the number of lashes might
!duced to fifty, a severer punishment might be in-
d by tampering with the instrument, and thus by
defeat the object proposed. He could state,
in his communication with the Noble Duke, the greatest
`fleas was manifested by that Noble Personage to meet
Public feeling with regard to corporal punishment. He
iißuller) did not mean to dispute the medical authority of
Linn. Member for Finsbury, but when he stated that five
or one, might by possibility produce fatal results, he
d ask him what secondary punishment was not equally
etionable ? The treadmill was liable to the same objection;
141 solitary confinement. The former had led to fatal re-
'', and the latter had produced loss of reason and loss of life.
:11, no Gentleman would contend that punishment was to
;one, away with altogether.—( Hear, hear.) They had
etlttY heard of four dozen lashes being inflicted in the
~.
'' Yet he had never known an instance of this punishment
'ilisting fatally. No man could look with greater horro_r.
'he did upon the excess to which this torture was carried,
before they did away with corporal punishment theyshould
to the combination of the British army. He considered ,
abolition, at the present time would be an extremely
'emus and unwise course—(Hear, hear)—and therefore he
oppositiont gave to the motion of the Hon. Member
%hen
]r' BRIGHT thought that, taking the alteration pro-
d by the Government as agreed to, still there would
P much •
not that was disgusting and revolting. He
agree with the Honourable and Learned Gentle-
. had just sat down, that the public would
satisfied with the course pursued by Govern-
:. Though they would be glad at the change proposed
totteP in the right direction, they would still have
‘
1. ',Letter satisfied had corporal punishment been altogether
:"ild.---(Hear, hear.) The opinion he was sure would
ailt:,'ertained in the country that the Government sue-
t 1304 to the Horse Guards. The military officers who
.e so much referred to, he held to he the worst pos-
eiZges as to whether corporal punishment should be
with. They were so used to arbitrary authority
Ciwer, that it was with the greatest difficulty they could
'sentlced to give up any of the influence which they at
f 1/1;4; bad. The military officers had always opposed
10“Tflation of corporal punishment, and they were equally
1,-;" to the abolition of it now. He would not, therefore,
11.‘0 them as an authority on the question. great deal
4e:l said about improving the condition ands haracter of
• ;her, but he for one believed that all they might attempt
ftil—the soldiers were raised, of necessity, from the lowest
roethe
}, Population. When parties in any locality had run
list,'.eery course of bad conduct and dissipation, they then
toast
,e army, so that the service was recruited from the
,°‘ the population. The people of this country were
ed osol.l a commercial, and not a fighting people, and they
iss expect that any but the lowest and most degraded
tiZtild.become private soldiers. He would give his vote
a4lthiice owtothoni:sfotohe Hon. Member for Bolton, and he hoped
soon come when not only corporal punishments
. the abolished, but the employment of large bodies of men
d to• purposes of destruction would be entirely put an
~,,eBt:at_e,?.irsieosufeLtthllellNwas sorry to rise to express his opinion
occasion, after the speech of the Noble Lord at
Government. He considered it was not of
•oul-r be"
ato. the public or the service that such a question
'eedgaitated in the way it had been done ; but of all the
1,01. hbee wandobeen delivered on the question that of the
last addressed the House was to him the
eteast I,hing. He said the army was composed of the mere
ositi(ll.Ll, society. He (Mr. Goulburn) denies that pro-
-sfeo fh
Hear,seielay_ ifhesaor: ) He as cried that they were the
did he wish for their improvement?
o e said the commercial spirit of the country is such as
betteearoriage all manifestation of the military spirit, and that
~.ar.inyclases..oLrf soldiers need not be expected. He declares
'"+ct their "tut, of necessity, be of the character he had stated;
"0 stated he would vote for the motion of the Hen.

town.
JOHN BUTTER, Esq., of Shaftesbury, then presented
himself, amidst loud cheering. Silence having been ob-
tained, he said that,'instead of wasting their time by
apologies for his at once answering the call of
the Chairman, he would commence the few
observations which he had to make to the immense
assembly before him, by remarking upon the very dif-
ferent standing which their cause now assumed to that
a hich it did a few years since, when it was established,
amidst contempt, by a few noble-minded working men
at Preston—(Cheers)—a standing not only proved by
the overwhelming scene before him, but proved, also,
by the convention of men assembled from different
parts of the world, now assembled on the subject within
this city, and proved, also, by the presence of their
American brethren then around them, who had come
across the Atlantic to bear with them the kindly
feelings of their teetotal friends in America,
and to give them the right band of fellow-
ship, and to wish them " God speed " in their
noble and philanthropic cause.—(Cheers.) Not only
was it proved by those circumstances, but by the great
festival which was held in connexion with this move-
ment, on the previous evening, in the Freemasons' Hall.
And when he looked around upon that building and its
characteristic decoration, and when he saw the walls de -
corated by the portraits of so many of their grand
masters, he could not but think that the system which
they had that evening met to propagate, was a far better
system of freemasonry—(Cheers.)—because they were
free from the slavery of strong drink, and the drinking
customs of this country.—(Loud cheers.) And he also
thought that amongst the members of this society
there were grand masters, and when he referred to such
men as his friends Bowley and Sturge, and to Dr.
Beecher, from America, and their Father Mathew in
Ireland.—(Loud cheers.) Then he said that they had
grand masters amongst them, who had done more for
the human race in the way of elevating them and doing
them good than all the grand masters that ever assem-
bled in Freemason's Hall.—(Cheers.) Those leaders
were kept in remembrance by the pencil of the artist
around the walls of their hall, but the grand masters of
this society were engraved upon the hearts of all thinking
men of the present generation so deeply that their memory
would be fragrant, and continue so through the present
and every succeeding generation.—(Cheers.) And was
it not the duty of every one present to do all in their
power to benefit their fellow man ? Were not the
members of the Total Abstinence Society the true
Samaritans, who looked after the poor drunkard,
wounded by strong drink ? They went over to him,
and poured the oil of consolation and hope into his
wounds. Yea, if he were hungry they fed him, and if
he were naked they clothed him ; and when they
had thus restored him to the condition of a
rational being, they took him as an immortal being,
and brought him into the refuge for the outcast,
and made him acquainted with the one true Samaritan,
and thus gave him hope and comfort in this world, and
prepared him for the enjoyment of a blessed immor-
tality.—(Cheers.) And he conceived that although they
did not substitute their principles, or the practice of tee-
totalism, for that of Christianity—(Hear, hear)—al-
though they did believe that their religion was not meat
and drink, but the righteous joy and peace of the Holy
Ghost to those that believed, they still did believe that
their plan and their principles, and their practice, were
the true handmaids of religion, for they reformod
those who might be compared to persons whe
had lost their senses, and after having re-
stored them to their right mind, and clothed
them, they recommended them to sit at the feet
of Jesus.—(Cheers.) And not only were their society
and their principles calculated to redeem the drunkard,
but oh! let no one there forget that they performed
another equally great and important task—they pre-
served the temperate and taught them that they were in
a dangerous position.—(Cheers.) How often had he
and the friends around him been told, when they had
conversed on this subject, even with serious and pious
members of religion, that though teetotalism might be
good for the drunkard it was not good for them or for
him. Ab! he never should forget a fact which took
place in the West of England, and which convinced him
that so long as he continued even a moderate
drinker of the drunkard's drink he was in danger
of dying the death of the drunkard too.—(Hear, hear.)
There was in a city in the west of England a gentleman
of the same profession as he himself—a lawyer—bet
greatly his superior in his understanding and intellect,
and a man possessed of a large property, and command•
ing influence, who married a lady in every way equal to
himself, and adorned with every grace that became the
female character. They possessed every thing that the
human heart could desire, and had every prospect before
them that the heart could anticipate for times to come.
For a short period they went on well, but at last they
felt themselves on a very slippery precipice, till, in the
course of a very few years, they were lost from the ob-
servations of their friends, and then it was that in
another city in the west two little girls were
found in a Sunday-school, and produced much interest
by their intelligence and beauty, but at length they
were found absent from the school. It was discovered
they were absent because they had not clothes to come
to school in, and the Sunday-schoel teacher supplied
them with them. They were again regular in their attend-
ance, but after a few weeks they were again absent, and
the teacher requested the superintendent to accompany
her to their dwelling. In one of the lowest districts of
the town they found the hovel; and, on entering, there were
those two children, the eldest girl peeling potatoes which
were to be boiled as their only sustenance, and the younger

25

This Bill also went through Committee pro Prma.
• NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLEMENTAL BILL.
The report on this Bill was brought up and agreed to.
RATEABLE PROPERTY (IRELAND) BILL.
The Committee on this Bill was postponed till this day
(Saturday).
EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGE TRADING ABOLITION
BILL.

The third
FISHERIES
(IRELAND) of this Bill was post
BILL. oned till this day.
The reportMEDICAL on this Bill was
PRACTITIO brought up
NERS and agreed to.

Mr. WAKLEY obtained leave to bring in a Bill for the
Registration of Medical Practitioners in England and Wales.
Mr. PARKER moved for leave to bring in a Bill "to em-
power the Commissioners for the Issue of Loans for Public
Works and Fisheries to make loans in money to the Commis-
sioners of her Majesty's Woods, in lieu of loans heretofore
authorised to be made in Exchequer Bills," which was read a
first time.
The House then adjourned, at Half-past One, till Twelve
to-day.

PARLIAMENTA RY BUSINESS.
,From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons.

TRURSDAY: AUG 6.
MESSAGE FROM THE LORDS.

Messengers from the Lords brought up the following Bills, which
their Lordships had agreed to :
Cheshire Returning Officer llill—Auctrallan Agricultural Company
Bill—Dublin Cemeteries Bill—Amendments to Yeovil Borough
Estate Bill, without Amendment—Eastern Counties and Thames
Junction Railway Branches Bill—Plymouth Great Western Docks
Bill, with Amendments.

THE SUN, LONDON, gATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 8, 1846.

needing to address the meeting in very able terms, when
he was reminded by the Chairman that the fifteen
minutes allotted to him had expired. He, therefore, at
once withdrew amidst loud plaudits.
The Rev. E. N. lime, of Boston, America, then pre-
sented himself at the call of the Chairman, and was re-
ceived with great cheering. The meetings in connexion
with the convention were now drawing to a close—
in fact, the great services of that evening
would virtually terminate them. Nothing remained to
he accomplished but the formal transaction of a little
business, and he therefore felt, as a member of that
convention, that they were at the termination of a most
interesting and most important session.—(Hear, hear.)
They had passed four days—Britons and Americans
had met, not in deadly conflict—(Great cheering)—they
had met to make mutual congratulations—they had met
in friendly council. They had met to impart mutual
encouragement and metual instruction, and they felt at
the close of those four days, terminated by the proceed-
ings of the vast assembly before him—they felt not only
that they had enjoyed the favour of Divine Providence,
but they felt that they were now about to enter afresh
upon their great work with renewed vigour.—(Cheers.)
As one of the American delegation, he must express his
most cordial thanks to their British brethren for that
distinguished courtesy with which they received them.—
(Cheers.) His own impression as to what
had been done was a permanent and serious
one ; he was firmly convinced that the work before
them was a vast and difficult work; and during. the few
moments that were assigned to him he would devote to
the impressing upon his fellow reformers the magnitude
of the work to be done.--(Hear, hear.) The work was
vast, and they could not succeed in its accomplishment
without the help of God—(Hear, hear)—who alone
could change the entire convictions, maxims, and cus-
toms of a nation and of the world.—(Cheers.) The
members of this society meant by the help of God to
set free the face of the earth from one of its direst
scourges—(Cheers)—and dry up one of its damning
fonntains.—(Cheers.) Their great difficulty would be
the discountenancing the use of the intoxicating cups
in the fashionable circle.—(Hear, hear.) And their
legislators had yet to be converted, for they were against
the members of this society. The mighty of the
earth were also against them, and so was the whole of
the trade. Every man that owned a brewery or dis-
tillery ; every man that had a wholesale and retail estab-
lishment for the traffic in ardent spirits, or malt, or fer-
mented liquors was against them.—(Hear, hear.) And
they were not a few—not to be despised. The whole
habits and customs of society were against them
in this reform. But God was with them, and
they need not fear the issue.—(Loud cheers.) Truth
immortal, insurmountable truth, was what they relied
upon as the chief means of diffusing the glorious princi-
ples of total abstinence. They heeded not prejudice
passion and interest ; as Milton had well said " Only
give truth a fair open field, and she must triumph."—
(Cheers.) They believed it, and stood in the midst of
the vast British public, as Temperance Reformers, in a
very different position to that which they occupied in
their own country where public sentiment had changed.
He knew there were many excellent men in a is country,
whose heart and soul was with them, but they could not
take a decided step to refuse imparting the poisonous I
beverage to the guests at their tables. Why there was
such a power of public sentiment against intemperance,
that it was not considered inhospitable to sit at the head
of one's table, and to give nothing to those who sat at it
but the pure beverage of Paradise. —(Cheers.) The great
work they had performed was to be accomplished, he
thought, by four instruments—light and love, patience
and prayer.—(Cheers.) And lie hoped that every tem-
perance reformer would go forth girded with this holy
principle. They had a secret which they did not wish
to conceal, and the freemasonry of that right was to
open the arcanum of the world—the panacea that could
heal many—he was almost going to say most of its
woes.—(Hear, Lear.) The persons with whom they had
to deal might be divided into two classes—persons that
had consciences and regarded its influence, and those
who adopted their principles through the operation of
public sentiment, which they were too cowardy to resist;
and when our blessed Lord was on earth he went about
among men preaching his religion, never expressing
his disgust at anything that offended him, but
dealing with men as if they had consciences and
hearts that could` feel the power of the holy lessons
he inculcated. There was but one class of men against
whom he dealt in words of thunder—the proud, stern,
self-righteous Pharisees, against whom he addressed
that beautiful figure in Holy Writ, and said "Wo !
Wo ! Wo !" They could not convert some men ; they
might address them in the language of truth, with
angels' tongues, but without causing the moral sensi-
bility, inherent in all human nature, to respond.—(Hear.)
He knew this did not exist to a great extent in England,
but he knew that there were men who would deal in
the drunkard's drink till nothing but public senti-
ment shamed them from continuing it.—(Loud
cheers.) But to form that public sentiment they
had another class to deal with ; they must deal
with men as if they had consciences, as if they possessed
sense and benevolence. The facts that had converted
them would, he sincerely believed, convert others. "Do
uut ) others as you would have them do unto you," for if
a man could not convert another unto his sentiments, not
by knocking him down, but by the repeated presenta-
tion of arguments, by example, and by charity, he must
be almost beyond the reach of cure. They could not
fail to conquer, for they had truth enough on their side
to conquer the world. Let them go into towns, and other
places where intemperance was rife, and by the influ-
ence of love, and peace, and prayer to the Giver of all
good gifts, and of wisdom, and strengh, propagate the
doctrine of total abstinence.—(llear, hear.) He wished
to say one word before he sat down, with respect to
the training of children. Having had some experience as
a pastor in America, with respect to children, he wished
to add his testimony to the great advantage which was
gained by teaching children the principles of temper-
ence. lie entered upon the work of administering the
pledge to children with great warmth, and he was struck
with the development which it created. The full de-
velopement of the mind of a child was the moral senses.
The conscience and heart of a child were very suscept-
ible of cultivation. He had found that they could un-
derstand the difference between right and wrong long
before they could solve the sth proposition in the book
of Euclid. He had made experiments, and the result
was the conscience of a child was made of as stern stuff
as that of a man. He had seen them put to the test,
and knew that they were acting rightly in first con-
vincing them that a thing was right or wrong, and
that they ought to abstain from it, to induce them
to follow that advice. He could not sit down without
saying that he did feel ashamed, as a child of England—
a grand-child, he should rather say—to pass through the
streets of London, and see so many trap-doors for im-
mortal souls.—(Cheers.) He did think they could be
closed, or changed to a better employment ; and his
prayer was, that with God's blessing, that conviction,
and all their efforts, might enable them to behold old
England and America delivered and emancipated from
this evil, and going forth under the blessed unrestricted
influence of the Gospel of God's grace, to teach mankind
the advantage of temperance and peace.--(Cheers.)
The Rev. J. MARSH of New York, next addressed the
meeting. He siad there was not a more beautiful figure
than that presented in one of the old proverbs with re-
ference to the Scriptures, which represented the Gospel
first as a little stream, reaching to the ankles, then
swelling to the knee-, till spreading and rolling on it
became a broad, deep river, fertilising the nations of the
earth. Everything was small at its beginning, yet they
see things gradually enlarging and extending over the
whole earth. The very Gospel itself was once confined in
an upper chamber. Mark the amazing revolution which
took place in the sixteenth century. Why, at one tune
the predominant religion was confined to the breast of
a monk. (Hear, hear.) Wilberforce, that man
SO beloved in America that man whom
they thought of when first they saw England's shore—
when they said, " we are going to the land of Wilber-
force, who laboured twenty-six years before he could
induce truth and humanity to break up the slave-trade
—and the cause in which they were engaged had also
overcome great obstacles, and was now delivering flu
world from the thraldom of intoxicating liquors. Any
famine or disaster which cost the country 30,000,000/.
would have been considered its ruin, and yet that vice
of intoxicating liquors had saddled this country with an
expense of 60,000,000/. If Nero had taken 600,000 of
the population and stripped them of their clothing, their
fuel, their food, and their lands. and caused them to
subsist upon charity, it would have been a tyranny
which Rome, in its degenerate days, would not have
borne (Hear, hear)—yet intemperance produced in
this country greater misery and wretchedness than
such an act would have created.—(Bear, hear.)
Had some fiend been let loose from the realms of dark-
ness, to produce such mischief as these liquors had
created, we should have asked to be at liberty to pur-
chase his absence, in order to save ourselves and our
children, and yet the law invested every gin-shop in
London with this fiendish power, counselled men to com-
mit crimes, and sent thousands unprepared into eternity.
Look at the poor drunkard ! what a wreck of a man
Look a t him, and at his family ; look at the miserable
man in his bed of straw, dying of delirium
t.remens, and who, before the breath leaves his body,
in the very agonies of hell. Look at that burning
ship on the ocean, amidst the dark mass of midnight, all
enveloped in flames, and rising up the rigging to the
sails. See the miserable beings rushing to and fro in
agony, and then hopelessly plunging into the ocean.
Such, alas, was but a picture of the desolate condition of
600,000 souls in this city, and of 300,000 Americans; and
progressing in that state towards eternity, and
yet they had a cure for all this evil—a cure
so simple, so easy that they were too proud
to anopt it—a cure costing so little, and blessing them
with everything, namely, total abstinence.—(Hear,
hear.) It was their duty to adopt it—it was the duty
of England and America—the duty of the Chris-
tian, and of the whole civilised world. lie had
heard a very pretty anecdote of the Queen,
through one of the American newspapers, which gave
them a good opinion of her, and they had never lost it.—
(Cheers.) The year after her inauguration—he did not
vouch for the truth of the anecdote—but it got into one
of the American papers, and he believed it was true.—
(Laughter.) One day her Minister waited upon her
and urged upon her a particular Act, on the ground of
its being "expedient." She replied, "My Lord, talk
not to me of expediency; is it right?"—(Cheers.) He
would put that question to her Majesty, and to her Ma-
jesty's Government: whether it was right, with such a
mass of the population plunged in crime, immorality, and
wretchedness throughout the kingdom. and throughout
the whole of her Majesty's dominions, whether it was
right for a humane Government to license men to cause
individuals all this misery ?—(Hear, hear.) He would
put it to ministers of the Gospel in Great Britain, whether,
when such was the result of intoxicating liquors,
it was right for them to use them?—(Hear, hear.)
He would also put the question to any philan-
thropist, and to any patriot. Moderation was
intemperance, and he stated before that great British au-
dience that total abstinence was the only true principle

child was standing by her side waiting to devour the
naked rind of the potatoas v.hich the elder child was
preparing for their meal. On inquiry for their mother,
and seeing an expressive look on the countenance of the
elder child, they mounted a sort of ladder to a room
above, and there was a female on a lot of straw, in a
corner, brought virtually to death by want, misery, and
disease. They were not in time to recover her, but they
found that the father of those children had taken
the clothes which had been presented to them by
the Sunday-school teacher to enable them to attend
school, and had pawned those clothes and spent the
money in drink. That father never returned till the
day that his wife was buried. And that father
was the highly respectable gentleman to whom
he had at first referred ; and that woman, that
died on the lot of straw, in the corner of a hovel,
was the delightful woman that married the father of
those children ; That melancholy history could never
be effaced from his memory. That father was a mode•
rate drinker—and it was moderate drinking that
brought that family to so degraded a position.—
(Hear, hear, and loud applause.) He (Mr. Rut-
ter); therefore, trusted that in times to come neither
he nor any one else would consider themselves safe un-
less they entirely abstained, and prevailed upon their
youths and friends to do everything in their power to
remove the snare of intoxication from the earth. If
they found—as they all would do—that they had no
strength of their own, but that all their dependance
was on God, then let them pray to God that, in his
goodness, he would give them strength to persevere until
they were protected from the danger of moderate drink-
ing.—(Cheers.) This was truly a great and good cause.
It had received the stamp of approbation from on
high—(Hear)—and therefore it was the privilege
as well as the duty of every thinking man and con-
sistent Christian, to give it the right hand of support
and help.—(Loud cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN then said that he had the pleasure of
introducing to their notice the Rev. Dr. Beecher, from
the United States of America, and it might be as well
for him to remark, at the same time, that that Gentle-
man was one of the fathers, if not the father of this
movement in the United States, and the world at large.
—(Great cheering.) And on account of his age—he
being upwards of seventy years of age—he was sure
that they would listen to him with the greatest atten-
tion.—(Cheers.)
The Rev. Dr. BEECHER, according, presented himself
to the vast assembly, which was the signal for renewed
and long-continued cheering, which having subsided, he
proceed to say, that it was an unhappy fact, in the pro-
gress of this reform, that many great and many good
men had doubted the necessity and lawfulness of it.
Those men thought that Jesus Christ had committed to
his church, and to his ministers, and to the preaching
the gospel, the whole work of the reformation of
of mankind.—(Hear, hear.) Now, with respect to
this reformation of drunkards, he had two rea-
sons to assign why the preaching of the
gospel would never reform them. The first reason was,
that, as a community, tbey never did, and never would,
go to hear it.—(Hear, and cheers,) The second reason
was, that the Holy Ghost would never regenerate and sanc-
tify a man as long as he was dealing with his cups—
(Hear, hear)—and they might just as well sit at home
and not hear at all as to go half tipsy to hear the word
of God.—(Hear, hear.) Now, to settle this question,
and for argument, instead of declamation, be wished to
call their attention to the consequences of the preaching
°the gospel in alliance with social temperate drinking
—he did not say in alliance with drunkenness—but he
did say in alliance with what was popularly called tem-
perate drinking, He wished to state this subject very
concisely, because his time was short, and because the
argument needed but to be presented to be interesting.
All the other obstacles to the preaching of the gospel
had been surmounted, and if they could but remove the
monster obstacle of temperate drinking, and if he could
impress that audience with the conscientious and firm
conviction that temperate drinking would defeat, and
had paralysed, the extensive preaching of the gospel,
and render it nugatory to reformed drunkards, why, then,
the seed which they had sown would yield an abundant
harvest that would wave over the world. The
speaker then proceeded at some length to prove his po-
sition that the gospel could never be truly spread whilst
the present system of temperate drinking continued.
Things had been continually going from bad to worse,
whilst the liquid fire of intoxication continued to be
poured out amongst the people ; but be firmly believed
that God, who had delivered up his only begotten Son to
death to save mankind, had, in his goodness, raised up
the advocates of this cause as his instruments to sweep
intoxication and misery from the face of the earth.
The success which attended this cause at its commence-
ment was but weak, but its most ardent friends could,
scarcely have predicted for it such triumphs as it had
already achieved. The success that God had given to
it demonstrated that the cause was of God.—(Cheers.)
Thousands and thousands, and thousands and hundreds
of thousands of drunkards had been rescued and washed
from their outward filth, and purified from the sin of
drunkenness.—(Loud cheers.) The number that had
now taken the pledge was equal to that of the professors
of religion.—(Hear.) In conclusion, he would merely
say that he had watched this cause for the last 36 years.
He had seen it falter, but never stop. (Cheers.)
After it had faltered its elastic powers increased when
it moved again.—(Cheers.) He did not expect that he
should have lived so long, or that he should have seen
the splendid sight he had witnessed in connexion with
the cause. It was said, that Bonaparte in one of his
battles took down his telescope whilst the war eves
raging at its height, and calmly said to his generals,
" the battle is won." And he (Dr. Beecher) had lived
to see the indications, the progress, and results of this
cause, till he could say, not with faith, but with a firm
conviction, " the battle is won."—(Great cheering.)
He had seen the beginning of the end, and he could
now die. not mourning, but shouting victory; and his
heart exulted at what had been done, and it therefore
glorified God, and magnified his praises.—(Cheers.)
Mr. FREDERICK HOPWOOD, of York, next addressed
the assemblage. He felt it, he said, to be a most diffi-
cult task to make a short speech on this great comprehen-
sive question. When first they commenced the advocacy of
their principles, it was perfectly well known to many that
they appeared before the public with some great timidity.
It was true that they themselves were convinced of the
purity and excellence of their motives ; but they were
confident also that those principles were as much op-
posed to the existing habits and practices of society—as
much opposed to the general thinkings of the great mass
of their countrymen and women, that as he had already
said, they appeared with something like fear and
trembling. They availed themselves of experience, and
that experience had fully realised their expectations.
They expected that those individuals who were
engaged in the manufacture and sale of intoxicating
liquors, and whose interest it was to perpetuate that state
of things, from which so many and such dreadful evils
had arisen—they expected that these persons would be
up in arms against them. It was quite natural that
they should be. They expected, also, to meet with op-
position from those thousands—nay, he might say those
millions—of individuals, who cared nothing about the
suffering of their fellow-creatures, and were not pre-
pared to male any sacrifice, however small and insigni-
ficant, for the sake of their country's prosperity and
happiness.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") Indeed, they
expected to meet vvit'a opposition or indifference from
all who were any great worshippers at the shrine of
Bacchus, and who for a considerable length of time had
been in the habit of looking upon the use of intoxicating
liquors as one of the principal enjoyments of life. They
expected all this, and they were in some measure pre-
pared for it ; and the result of their labours was, that
thousands had perceived the ignorance that pervaded
the human mind in reference to this subject.—(Cheers.)
The advocates in this movement found,- after inquiry,
that the expenditure for intoxicating liquors in this
country amounted to a hundred times as much as all
the religious societies put together expended in the pro-
pagation of the Gospel both at home and in foreign
parts.—(Hear, hear.) They found that the mortality
occasioned by the use of strong drink had reached to
nearly the number of 40,000 or 50,000 every year, That
600,000 of our fellow-countrymen and women, immortal
beings, created in the image of our God, and destined
for a life of usefulness and enjoyment here, and for a glo-
rious immortality hereafter, had become converted by the
influence of those accursed poisons into so many fiends
and maniacs, and by which means the greatest miseries
were inflicted upon their families and all those with
whom they were connected.—(Cheers.) By means of
those fatal poisons our poorhouses were filled with
paupers, our prisons were filled with criminals, and
lamentations and woe covered the face of the country.
—(Hear, bear.) Looking back upon all the means that
had been employed by the advocates of this Society,
they found that the same Government that had legis-
lated for the punishment of intemperance had licensed
thousands and tens of thousands of houses for the sale
of intoxicating drinks.—(Cheers.) He found that
magistrates, after having inflicted fines upon parties who
had been brought before them on charges of drunken-
ness, retired to some friend's house to enjoy a good
dinner, and it was no uncommon thing with many of
them to indulge in a bottle or two of port or sherry, and
anggiss
tcroaut
elds, naontd enterfin Ministers,
s kingdom
drank
return home in theirT hcaeyrrfioaguensd,draulnsok,.—th(a"tHmeianristheerasro,';
and loud cheers.)
found that whilst Governments,
religion had faithfully warned the drunkard, upon
the authority of holy writ, and had declared
of
faHt seuacvhend.egnraudtedobemeyi
Drunken
natural conse-
quence, and Ministers, were thus employed, the
r:raeta
created
e ar cheering.) ga. )
sameth edrunkard's
ap-
petitesr uGnwokevarererdn' smde rr
beingt:; I " —(dailyG
and the prevalence of the vice of drunkenness
was carried to such an extent as to threaten the very
stability of our social and political institutions.—
(Chtera ) Every means, then, used for the purpose of
or rather, he
reclaiming the drunkard, should say
of preventing the sober men from becoming
drunk tailed. Total abstinence, however, commenced
its operations, and from the time when it first sprang
into existence it had continued to progress. The cause
spread with almost miraculous rapidity through every
part of the civilised world.—(Cheers.) And notwith-
standing the opposition with which it had met, great
things had been done in the work of reforming the
drunkard, and preventing the sober man from falling.
They met, in some instances, with the malignant oppo-
sition of those individuals who were engaged in the
manufacture and sale of strong drink, but then on the
other side the cause of total abstinence had now such
support as it had not a dozen years ago.—(Cheers.)
They had now a healthful, active, and public sentiment.
—(Cheers.) They had roused public attention. They
had presented to the notice of the public various great
questions for their consideration and the people at large,
and they had found that whilst the manufacture and
sale of intoxicating drinks kept up a few in noble palaces
it was also beggaring and damning its thousands and
tens of thousands. —(Cheers.) The cause was now
reaching its meridian splendour, and an enlightened and
indignant British public were determined to promote the
peace and prosperity of the country by abolishing the
use of strong drinks.—(Cheers.) The speaker was pro-

of temperance.—(Lond cheers.) Moderate drinking was
not temperance. They had raised this standard in
America, and they had so pressed it to the consciences of
men they durst nut drink there, because they knew that
wea the only way to redeem this world. They were
satisfied of this principle, that supply creates demand,
and they wished them to understand it here, and also
that as long as it continued the demand would continue.
(Hear, hear.) Take away the supply, and its loss
would not be felt—take it away from the poor
drunkard, and he would care nothing about it in
six weeks.—(Hear, hear) In America they were going
on gloriously on this principle, and he believed they
were going on gloriously here also. It had been his
province to read the journals of this country carefully,
and they had shown a progess on the part of this
' country, which they were not sensible of. The people
of this country were doing more than they thought, but
they thought too highly of the Americans. They did
not think highly enough of themselves here.—(Hear,
hear.) Her Majesty in her new year's gifts withheld
beer, and he trusted she would withhold wine on the
next occasion.—(Hear.) Through God's omnipotent
blessing he had no doubt the cause of temperance would
prosper throughout the world.—(Cheers.)
The Rev. W. REED, of Edinburgh, next came for-
ward to address the meeting. He said he must acknow-
ledge that he was a little squeamish about coming
into that house, being his first appearance on any stage.
—(Hear, and laughter.) But having got into it, and
contrasted it with the place in which he was accustomed
to minster, he was almost tempted to sing a stanza of a
song which was sometimes heard in Scotland :
"'Phis is no my ain house,
I ken by the biggin' o't."
—(Laughter.) And yet after all he did not feel himself
out of place, Minister of the Gospel though he was.—
(Cheers.) When a mechanic found his machine out of
order, did he continue working at it without inquiring
into the cause? When a husbandman found his soil
unfruitful, did he not adopt means to make it fruitful?
and should a Minister of the Gospel, when he found an
obstacle meeting him at every turn, remain igno-
rant with regard to that obstacle, instead of acting con-
sistently with the great commission assigned to him ?
There was one point to which he would confine his
attention during the few moments he had to address
them—he referred to the young. They had also a most
important duty to discharge to the rising generation,
and they had no right to leave a system behind them,
which would degrade, demoralise, and ruin them.—
, (Cheers.) Poets had compared young children to
flowers, but if they neglected them like a deserted
garden, they could not send anything forth so noxious.
—(Hear.) If they could look upon them with the eye
of Jehovah, they should tremble with the great responsi-
bility which devolved upon them with respect to children.
lie considered that there was a great relation between
the mind of a man and the mind of a child—the con-
nexion was as intimate as the connexion between one
end of the electric telegraph and the other. To ascer-
tain the dispositions of children they must look into the
play-ground, where they would find the future
warrior, the future grasping merchant, playing at pit-:h
and toss, the boy who in after years might aye his hands
in blood and commit murder, they might see him make
fiys spin round and round without their wings,
for the examples set before children had a great influ-
ence on their future lives, and -in forming their disposi-
tions fur good or evil.—(bear.) Then the boy sitting
on his father's knee at home learned his first lesson in
intemperance by tasting a little drop. Parents might
look upon this as simply an indication of juvenile folly,
which in future years would be eradicated. The mind
of man was being observed in the head of the boy, and
he sought no other example than that inculcated in his
father's house, and adopted no other opinions but that
which received a sanction there.—(Cheers.) It was a
great mistake to think that education began at
school, or when a man went out into the world.
The first teaching commenced at home, and was mate-
rially influenced by the kindness or unkindness of a
father, and mother, and brother and sister. Their
kindness or unkindness went a great way to form the
mind of the boy in after years. It was a most beautiful
and encouraging fact, and it was in this fact that he
had the greatest hope for the regeneration of this great
world. —(Cheers.) In fact the infant mind was free from
prejudice. The boy of a better climate would find a
companion in the child of this cold climate, and the
child of this cold climate and a child of a Prince would
not refuse to associate with the child of a peasant.—
(Hear, hear.) They come into the world free from
prejudice. He would be contented to entrust any great
question to a jury of children, gathered from any corner
of the world, he had so much confidence in them. He
would refer the Oregon question to them.—(Hear.)
He would put on one side the nature of that rocky
country, and, on the other, the blood that must have
been spilt before that country could be gained, and
they would say, "Rather let the question remain un-
settled for ever, than that one drop of blood should be
spilt." lie would submit to them the question of Eu-
ropean slavery, and, after considering it, they would
say, " Let every fetter be struck oft'. and let the slaves
gfree."—(Cheers.) He would also place this question
before them, laying on one side the inutility of in-
toxicating drinks, and, on the other side, broken-hearted
wives, unhappy children, and wretched homes, and
they would say, " Taste it not—touch it not."—(Cheers.)
They had perhaps seen a number of houses in flames,
and after the fire could not be got under at the spot it
had broken out at, they had seen the firemen play upon
a house for fear it might ignite those at some distance,
from the other portion of the fire, but when the fire ex-
tended to it, it was found as difficult to get over as it
would be to swallow the ocean. It was well to play
water on the old drunkard, but it was still better to go
further, and prevent the flames from reaching the
children.—(Cheers.)
The Rev. Dr. Cox, of New York, next addressed the
meeting. Ele said he hoped to be temperate, but he was
placed in a position which might make one feel intoxi-
cated.—(Hear.) When he left America last June, he
intended, when he returned, as he did in 1833, to have
been able to say that he had never been at an opera or
a theatre.—(Laughter.) But he should make no
apology and tell the truth. There was a maxim est
modes in rebus, but the cause of temperance was the
cause of man—the cause of God. He asked England
to help America with her example. So great was
the extent of intemperance in the gin palaces of Lon-
don, that if the whole of the spirits drank in these places
in the course of a year were gathered into one great
reservoir, the whole British Navy might slum in it.
the exertions of the Convention would, he believed,
outstrip all other exertions, because they formed a body
desirous of carrying out the principles of sound philan-
thropy. They would go forth to tell what it had done, the
great progress it had made, and the potent influence
which its labours would have not only on America but
upon the whole civilised worhi. Ile could not conclude
isithout expressing a hope that " God save the Queen"
and " All hail, Columbia," would be sung together.—
(Cheers.)
G. S. KENDRICK, Esq., of West Bromwich, then came
forward, and said that he considered it a good omen
that this meeting was held in Covent-garden Theatre,
because meetings of the first importance to mankind and
to the country had been held in that place before—
(Cheers)—and as these meetings had resulted in one of
the greatest, one of the most important, one of the most
beneficial measures of modern times, he trusted that this
meeting, held in the same place, for even a higher and
a nobler purpose, would reach an equally successful ter-
mination.—(Continued cheers.) The Premier had eulo-
gised one of the men who had been instrumental
in carrying that measure as one of the heroes of the free
trade movement ; but it yet remained for them to carry
the much more extended, and the yet more important,
measure.—(Cheers.) It was said that 5,000,000/.
would be saved by the passing of that Bill, but he (Mr.
Kendrick) affirmed that not five, but 50,000,000/. would
be saved to the kingdom if they could pass a Total Ab-
stinence Bill.—(Hear, hear.) It was said that the want
of such a law as that lately passed had restricted the
food of the people ; but they had had undoubted autho-
rity to substantiate the fact, that seventy persons out of
every seventy-seven were punished for crimes induced
by drunkenness.—(Hear, hear.) That Bill had been
passed to benefit the poor man principally,
but this measure would be equally beneficial to rich, and
poor. They bad heard, and many of them had seen rich
men made poor by drunkenness. Just before he had
come to that meeting, he had seen a carpenter who had
been brought to that state of degradation, that for ten
years he was not once perfectly sober.—(Hear, hear.)
He had been separated from his wife three times, and
when he (Mr. Kendrick) asked the cause of separation,
the man stated that it was altogether owing to the in-
toxicating liquors, which had starved his family. For
these reasons he thought that the question they had met
to discuss that evening, was one of the most important
and most interesting to the human race. He said that
this law might be carried out, but how were
they do it? The most effectual, the only certain way
would bo by the law of kindness. The law of kindness
was the only, the really beneficial mode ; for charity
would in all circumstances be more efficacious than
force; the laws of attraction drew everything to a centre,
while the laws of force repelled them.—(Cheers.) Ile
might be allowed to mention one word with regard to
Ireland; he had often travelled through Ireland, and he
had never heard but one expression with regard to
Father Mathew, with the solitary exception of one
publican, who was of course opposed to his reformation;
all spoke well of him. Now he attributed all this to
' the prevailing principle of benevolence that pervaded
all his lectures and his actious—(Cheers)—and he
had found universally that no one had any
wish to oppose, but that all in that country
were willing to aid the temperance reformation. Ile
had, not long ago, stood along with Mr. Houghton, on
the balcony of a public-house to hear a lecture on tem-
perance reformation.--(Hear, hear.) The publican
himself came forward, and said, " there are two or three
persons in that corner who have broken the pledge, ad-
dress a few words to them." There were not above two
or three who left that meeting who hid not signed the
pledge. lie thought they ought to avoid addressing
hard words to those persons who were intemperate ; he
repeated, they ought to avoid these, because that was
not the best way of making uonverts. There were 20,000
ministers of the Gospel in America, and the public feel-
ing in that country was very strong that ministers of all
denominations should be teetotallers. The contrary
was the case in this country. It a Minister of this
country were to affirm these principles, he would be
looked down upon; not one of the higher classes would
support him. But a better feeling was arising through.
out the country. As an illustration, he might tell them,
that at an agricultural meeting at Newcastle, where
upwards of 30,000 persons were assembled, and where, by
the way, there was an horticultural show also, there were
a number of booths erected for the sale of spirituous
liquors, but these shops were quite deserted, and the
speculators had lost by them.—(Cheers.)
Dr. CALDWELL, Professor of Mental Philosophy in
Dickenson's University,Pennsylvania, next addressed the
meeting. He said he had not expected at that late hour
of the night to be called on to say one word to that con.
vention and vast assembly, and even then he was certain

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that he would] be excused from attempting to make a
speech.—(Hear.) He had declined coming forward on
any former occasion from the fear that he might possibly ,-:-ti:7"-;3:-,St:t
be misunderstood. The Learned Speaker then, after 'sk,f3s;.W-1
lamenting the slow progress which the temperance
cause had made in Pennsylvania, concluded by saying
that only personal and individual efforts could effect--a-/------`
real reformation in that or any other country, and theig-TA VA."; AA 1,4-kj
fore he urged all the friends of the temperance move-
ment to follow a maxim current in America, and suf-
ficiently- plain to Anglo-Saxon ears, "If they were sure
they were right, jet them go-a-head."— (Cheers.)
Dr. Patton, from New York, Richard Allen, Esq.,
from Dublin and John Andrews, Esq., Scarbarough,
addressed the meeting in support of the general principle.
Dr. BEAUMONT, from Bradford, Yorkshire, then said,
the mere circumstance of his being connected with the
medical profession might furnish an apology for his ad-
dressing them. The object which brought them toge-
ther was one of grandeur and sublimity, for it was their
wish to elevate in every way the human being. The
great difficulty which the friends of the temperance
cause had to encounter was, the prevailing ignorance of
the people as to the nature and quality of intoxicating
liquors. All were not aware that all liquors, whether
wine, ale, beer, or spirits, were necessarily unwholesome,
and he would rest the fact that they were so, on the cir-
cumstance that no medical man who had ever examined
the subj.ect, as he ought to do, had come to a different
conclusion.—(Cheers.) So long as alcohol was an in-
gredient in liquors, so long must these liquors be
of necessity unwholesome, and only so soon as
medical men on the one hand, and Christian ministers
on the other, came forward, would be introduced a per-
fect system of total abstinence.
Mr. H. CLAPP shortly addressed the audience.
Mr. F. Doucu-s, himself an emancipated slave, and
the well-known advocate of his coloured brethren, fol-
lowed, and the proceedings were wound up by an able
speech from Mr. J. S. Buckingham,
Mr. MEREDITH moved a vote of thanks to the Chair-
man, which having been duly acknowledged, the meet-
ing separated.

THE WORLD'S TEMPERANCE
CONVENTION.
The Temperance Convention resumed its sittings on Thurs-
day, Mr. Bowly presiding.
-Ir. LOVELL proposed a resolution, by which the meeting
pledged itself to use all its efforts for the extension of its
principles.
Dr. Cox, a delegate from New York, seconded it, regretting
that they had not the co-operation of the clergy in their ex-
ertions, and the resolution was carried.
Another resolution was proposed by Mr. WitEELooK, o
New York, to the effect, that the hopes of the temperance
reformation were in the rising generation, and recommending
the formation in every county of juvenile temperance associa-
tions, was also carried, after some describing temperance as
the same as Christianity. And, after a recommendation to
introduce the principle into Sunday-schools,
The Rev. E. N. KIRK moved the resolution, seconded by.
Mr. T. B. Smithers, deprecating the practice of export-
ing liquors from Christian to Pagan countries, especially in
ships which carry out Christian missionaries.
Mr. J. S. BUCKINGHAM supported the resolution, detailing
some facts of his own experience, tending to show the effects
of introducing spirits among the llindoos, as prejudicing
Ch: istianity.
Dr. CAMPBELL recommended an address to Sunday-school
teachers on the subject of temperance, which seemed to meet
with general approbation.
The proceedings then closed. In the afternoon sitting,
Mr. DUNLOP made a few observations on fermented
liquors, urging, as an argument against their use, the cus-
toms of the ancients, whose general drink was of an unfer-
mented kind.
A resolution was moved by Dr. GRINDROD, and seconded
by Mr. Rudge, proposing thanks to Mr. Dunlop for his ex-
ertions for many years past in obtaining certificates against
the use of spirituous liquors, and deprecating their use as a
medicine, which, like the others, was also passed.
Dr. PAL'TEN, of New York, moved a resolution expressing
the satisfaction of the meeting at the measures taken in some
parts of America against the licensing system, and hoping
that the example would be followed in England.
Dr. Cox spoke in support, and
Mr. HOPWOOD proposed an amendment, in reference to
Sunday trading in liquors, the consideration of which was
postponed.
Mr. BAKER read a paper containing an interesting report
from the Temperance Provident Institution, tending to show
the extension of human life caused by the principles of tem-
perance.
A resolution on the report was proposed by Mr. BURNS, se-
conded by Mr. IltsiEs, and unanimously adopted.—Adjourned.
WORLD'S TEMPERANCE CONVENTION.—A soiree was
on Thursday held at the Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen-
street, at which most of the delegates from the various tem-
perance societies in the world assisted. After partaking of
tea and coffee, Mr. Lawrence Heyworth, of Liverpool, was
called to the chair, and then commenced a series of ad-
dresses in favour of abstinence principles. The principal
speakers of the night were Dr. Campbell, the Rev. William
White, Mr. Gardstone, jun., Mr. Clapp, from Washington ;
the Rev. Dr. Campbell, the Rev. Mr. Turner, from Bath;
Elihu Burritt (the learned blacksmith from America), &c.
Instrumental music and promenading occupied the spaces
not appropriated by the addresses. Various sentiments,
illustrative and approving of abstinence principles, were pro-
posed and agreed to. The meeting included a great number
of the fairer sex, who seemed to take great interest in the
proceedings,

NEW ZEALAND.
(From the Times.)
We have received New Zealand papers to the 15th
March inclusive. It appears from these that Governor
Grey had returned from the Bay of Islands, where he
had effectually subdued and brought to submission
Ileke and Kawiti. The two rebel chiefs throw them-
selves wholly on the mercy of his Excellency, resigning
all their lands, leaving it entirely to him to dictate the
terms on which peace and order are to be re-established
at the northern part of the Island. It is said that
Governor Grey does not intend to deprive Heke and
Kawiti of their lands, or to make them an appendage to
the British Crown. The chief Nene, who had been
received as a mediator in the matter returns forthwith
to the Bay of Islands, and the blockade is to be at once
removed, and the ports opened, and the customs re-
established.
The following extracts show the state of affairs in the
other parts of the colony :
(From the New Zealand Spectator cf Feb. 28.)
On Monday Mr. Sr. Hill, the police magistrate, went
over to the Ilutt district, in obedience to the instruc-
tions of his Excellency, to put the settlers in possession
of the land, but they were immediately driven back by
the natives, and it was evident that an armed demon-
stration, and perhaps the employment o force, would
be absolutely necessary to compel these natives to sub-
mission. Accordingly a body of troops, amounting to
340 men, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel
llulme, left Wellington at five o'clock on Tuesday
morning, and arrived at the Hutt bridge at eight o'clock,
where they remained while a message was sent to
Kaparetehau, the chief who has been acting under
the directions of Rangihaeata, intimating the Go•
vernor's desire to see him. His Excellency find-
ing any attempt to procure an interview with this chief
fruitless, the troops were ordered to advance to the dis-
puted ground, and they crossed the Hutt by the ford
near Mr. Boulcott's barn, and encamped in a large
Maori potato-field, a short distance above Mr. Boulcott's
section. The Al aeries immediately retired before the
troops, and their numbers were rapidly thinned by the
desertion of Taringa Kuri, and others who had no inten-
tion of offering any serious opposition, but who desired
to try if the Government were in earnest. Towards the
evening the natives retired to the hills, and left the troops
in possession of the Valley of the Hutt, so that it was
considered unnecessary to keep so large a force there,
and on Thursday morning a part of the troops re-
turned to Wellington, leaving about two hundred
men in possession :of the disputed land. The na-
tives expelled from the Valley of the Hutt were a small
branch of the Ngatiawa tribe, called the Ngatitams,
headed by Taringa Kuri, one of the parties to the deed
of sale to the New Zealand Company, a large party of
vagrants from Wanganui, under E. Maka, who had left
that place in consequence of adultery with another
chief's wife, and the Ngatirangatahi. These last came
originally from the upper part of the Wanganui river to
Porirua. The head men amongst them were Kaparetehau,
commonly called E Pare, E Iloro, Te Kohera, Te Aribi,
Papa Ahuapa, Bore, Te Atuta, and Kakaherea. They
were all present at, and took part in, the sale of this
district to the New Zealand Company in 1839. They
were also at the Wairau massacre, where the two
first were amongst the most active and ferocious,
Porirua
r aai 1844
wheren Atutaawn ads killed.tha
rest; K a
immediatelyka cr° l died uft ae
after
the Wairau massacre, usurped and on the banks
of the Hutt, under Rangihaeta's sanction, and
have continued ever since to molest and despoil the
settlers with impunity up to the time of their expulsion
by the troops on Wednesday last. That they had no
title to the land is confessed by Taringa Run, who, in
his evidence before Mr. Spain's court, expressly admits
that these chiefs were all present at the original sale of
the land to Colonel Wakefield, that this was part of the
land, and that they sold it for fear of Rauparaha and
Watanui. The land has since been bought again by
Captain Fitzroy, with the Company's money, but it re-
mained for our present Governor to do justice to the
settlers by putting them in possession of the land, and
driving away the horde of robbers and murderers to
whose exactions they hare been so long exposed. It
was left for Captain Grey to assure to the " distressed
settlers in Cook's Straits" protection to life and pro-
perty.
(From the New Zealand Spectator of the 21st February.)
We understand that his Excellency proceeds on Tues-
day next in her Majesty's steamer Driver to Wanganui,
for the purpose of settling with the natives of that
district all ,questions and disputes connected with the
land claims, and of putting the settlers in possession of
their land. The natives will have their reserves pointed
out to them, and after the necessary arrangements are
all completed, the compensation money will be for-
warded to Wanganui, for distribution among them.
His Excellency will then visit Nelson and New Ply-
mouth to settle all questions connected with the land
claims in those districts, and will afterwards return to
Wellington. It is supposed his Excellency's visit to the
other settlements in Cook's Straits will occupy about
three weeks. We believe Mrs. Grey will not accom-
pany his Excellency.
(From the New Zealand Spectator of March 15.)
BANGIIIAEATA.—Some persons who have just arrived
from the coast state that 200 armed natives, from Taupo,
have joined Rangihacata, and the settlers at Manawatu
are very apprehensive that, in the event of an engage-
ment between the troops and the natives, this chief will
make reprisals, and endeavour to cut off the outsettlers.
On Thursday (three days only after the Governor's visit
to Porirua) news arrived that Rangihaeata threatened
to stop Mr. Skipwith's sheep, and to kill them if the
persons in charge of them attempted to drive them be-
yond Porirua. It is plain that very little reliance can be
placed in Rangihaeata's professions of peace ; he is
evidently temporizing and watching the course of events,
and waiting for some favourable opportunity of which he
may take advantage ; as long as he is permitted to re-
main at large, he will always be a source of annoyance
and trouble to the settlers.