The Sun.
London, England, 1848-03-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 14, 1848.

monstrations, similar to those that prevented the
contemplated increase of the tax, and induced the
Minister to abandon his first proposition, and to
consent that the estimated income of the nation
should be considerably below the estimated ex-
penditure, must lead to such a revision of the pre-
sent system as ;to render it acceptable to the com-
munity in general. The pressure from without is
required. Honourable Gentlemen who consider
themselves firmly established in their seats for several
years to come, may slight the opinions of
those whom they nominally represent in
the Imperial Parliament, but they cannot despise
a direct application from the majority of those by
whose suffrages they were elected and placed in their
present honourable, but responsible position. Meet-
ings, therefore, should be held in every district, and
persons of every class, without distinction of creed or
party, should petition the Legislature for an imme.
diate alteration in the law, for the purpose of adopting
a more equitable adjustment of the burden, and
making all parties contribute to the national wants
and emergencies in proportion to their respective re-
sources. Every registered elector should call upon his
representative* to support the prayer of such a petition,
and intimate plainly the consequences of r refusal, viz..
a peremptory demand for an immediate resignation—
s restoration into the hands of the people of the abused
and violated trust.

The speech of the Hon. Member for the West
Riding. of Yorkshire was characterised by that sound
sense, that clear and vigorous intelligence, for which
he had so eminently distingushed himself during the
crusade against monopolies, and for the establishment
of a free and unfettered trade, of which he was the
acknowledged leader. It can no longer be asserted
that the support of the amendment implied a hostility
to the principle of direct taxation, and a
return to the obsolete financial doctrine
of raising the national revenue by indirect imposts,
which has justly been stigmatised as " the indirect
robbery of the poor." The enormous increase of
price, consequent upon the heavy Excise and Customs
duties upon articles of paramount necessity, upon
which the greater portion of the hardly-earned wages
of the industrious operatives must be expended for
the support of their families, practically occasions an
income-tax of ten or twelve shillings in the pound on
the labouring classes, while articles of mere luxury
are :comparatively free from any burden. Such a
person contributes fully half his income to the
national exchequer. If the possessors of ac-
cumulated and realised property directly gave
one-fifth of their income for the same purpose,
there would be but little necessity for any
other description of taxation, and the remaining
four-fifths would produce more of the actual comforts
and necessaries of life than the entire does under
existing circumstances. The great body of the
people, those engaged in trade, in commerce, in
manufactures, in professions, do not object to the
income- tax because it gives occasion to the applica-
tion of the collector at their very doors, or because
they are called upon for a large sum at one time;
but they object to its gross and flagrant injustice and
inequality ; they object to its inquisitorial character,
prying into receipts from varying and fluctuating
sources; they object because they are charged not
merely upon their actual gains, but on what
the Commissioners may choose to say they ought to
have made, because no allowances are made for bad
debts and the numerous casualties to which persons
embarked in almost any description of business are
continually liable. Remedy this injustice—establish
a fair tariff of charges, carried into execution in a
fair and liberal manner, and you will remove every
rea'onable objection. Reduce the expenditure to the
amount which will be sufficient for supporting the
national establishments in full efficiency, but without
waste or extravagance, and the middle classes will
readily submit to the charges that may be necessary
for that purpose, and for the maintenance of the
national honour, the national credit, and the national
safety, provided it be equitably and fairly assessed.
Mr. COBDEN truly expressed the sentiments of the
manufacturing and commercial community when he
said, " that if ever any loss should come to the
public creditor, it would not be through their instru-
mentality that they would pawn their last coat be-
fore they would allow any defalcation of the revenue
to occur."
One word as to the threat that Ministers would
resign if thwarted in their plans, or even if their own
demand was conceded for a shorter period than that
which they thought proper to ask for. We should
regret such a course on their part. It savours rather
too strongly of the ancient practice under Tory Go-
vernments of forcing measures repugnant to the
feelings of the House and country by such coercion.
It exhibits a total disregard of public opinion. It
practically asserts the principle that Ministers
may withdraw their services from the people
who yield them a general support unless every
crotchet and fancy is submitted to. It
is not a wise or a constitutional doctrine,
and however much, for many reasons, we
might regret the retirement of the present Ministry,
far better that such should take place than that the
country should be compelled to sanction that which
was unjust in principle and oppressive in practice.

The presentation of the congratulatory Address
from the British residents in Paris to the Provisional
Government is, in many respects, one of the most
interesting of the many interesting events which
have recently transpired in the French metropolis.
Simple and unostentatious as was the mariner of its
presentation, and brief as were the terms of which
the Address itself was composed, the interview be-
tween the Deputation and the Ministers is become an
historic event, and the document then presented is to
be preserved in the archives of the French Republic.
A is to be, there preserved, said LAMIRTINE, in order
to show to the children of the Republicans what had
been the conduct of their fathers—how they had been
not only intrepid in combat, but patient, moderate, and
humane after victory. He might have added, that it
would also serve to demonstrate to the future genera-
tions of France with what intense sympathy England
had responded to the high aspirations of their ances-
tors, and how readily, and even eagerly, Englishmen
had come forward to congratulate and encourage
them in the very outset of their glorious but arduous
undertaking. The following is a copy of the Address
which was presented by Colonel FLETCHER, and
other English gentlemen residing in Paris :
" We, the undersigned British residents in Paris,
are desirous of making known to the French nation
our sincere admiration of the great forbearance and
moderation shown by the people of Paris during a
time of the highest excitement, and of the admir-
able conduct of the National Guards of the capital
in re-establishing order, tranquillity, end confidence.
We cannot too highly praise, nor tno warmly appre
date the courage and judgment displayed by the
Provisional Government in the midst of tumult and
danger; and as liberty, social order, and peace, are
essential to the happiness and prosperity of all na-
tions, whatever be their form of government, we
earnestly hope that the people of France and Eng-
land may live in friendship, and in that honourable
rivalry with each other which will best conduce to
the interests of both, and to the maintenance of peace
throughout the world."
The deputation was received at the Hotel de Ville,
by three members of the New Government, MIR-
ItAsT, Louis Beesc, and LAMARTIND—Men whose
genius has long since been made manifest by their
writings, but who have now happily availed them-
selves of a glorious opportunity of showing them-
selves to be men of action as well as men of thought,
and of carrying into execution those sublime concep-
tions already shadowed forth in their writings, and of
which the hare outline has excited an almost uni-
versal admiration and enthusiasm. These were
the men to whom, as fitting representatives
of the glory and moderation of the French
Republic, the deputation, as representatives
of the English in Paris (and may we not add of the
English throughout the world?) tendered their
hearty congratulations on the great forbearance and
moderation recently evinced by the people of Paris.
It is this forbearance and moderation that has
especially gained fur the new Revolution the approval
and sympathy of the English people. With all our
national love for liberty, we have an invincible anti-
pathy to violence and bloodshed. It was this feeling
which caused England—liberal England—to regard
with abhorrence the first French Revolution. The
sympathy with which at first she was disposed to
greet the dawning spirit of French independence
was converted into horror and indignation at the sight
of the blood, so unmercifully and unnecessarily shed.

" Janulis"—says LAMARTINE, the panegyrist of the
Revolution—"Jamais it n'y cut tout de sang sur la
veritd." Never was truth defiled with so much blood.
This bloodshed it was that caused for the time the
universal reaction in England. Even the passionate
denunciations of EDMUND BURKE found a responsive
echo among a people which were just before thrilled
with exultation and enthusiasm at the shout of
"Liberty !" resounding across the water. All
sympathy was forgotten in the horror of
violence and murder. But now—now, happily, it is
otherwise. Now the Liberal Revolution is remarkable
chiefly for its forbearance. Its first act was to de-
prive itself of the power of shedding blood ! Hence
it is that England may freely acknowledge her sym-
pathy, and hence it was that, on Friday last, the
deputation of Englishmen offered their earnest con-
gratulations to the new Government, and expressed
an anxious desire that the two nations might co-
operate in advancing their mutual interests, and
maintaining peace throughout the world. LAMAR-
TINS responded to these sentiments with a warmth
and enthusiasm well in accordance both with his
public position and his individual character. In the
name of the Government he thanked the Englishmen
for their expressions of sympathy and approbation,
and in return he bore witness to the liberal institu-
tions of their native country, declaring that inter-
view to be glorious for France and for the English
nation also, as it bore testimony to the virtues
which the use of liberty had given to Eng-
land. But it was after the conclusion of his official
reply to the address, and in answer to a remark from
one of the members of the deputation, that LAMAR-
TINE gave utterance to a most beautiful and hopeful
sentiment, which alone would be sufficient to
rescue the remembrance of the scene from
oblivion. Alluding to his official title of Mi-
nister of Foreign Affairs, he declared with an
almost audacious confidence in the amicable senti-
ments of France and England, that henceforth that
title was not necessary for the maintenance of har-
mony between the two people. " The true Minister
of Foreign Affairs between France and England,"
he exclaimed, "is the invincible spirit which unites
them in the religious sentiment of fraternity."
To our thinking, this unostentatious interview in the
chamber of the Hotel de Ville is invested with no
common interest and no trivial importance. It is a I
type of the feelings of the day. It is an evidence
that our long aspirations are approaching their
fulfilment. Among the stored up archives, whe-
ther of England or of France, how much
more truly noble will be the record of such
an incident as this than pompous chronicles
which blazon forth some " glorious victory over the
French !" One such scene, one such an honest,
hearty interchange of friendly sentiments, is
" Worth a hundred Agincourts!"
It may, perhaps, be objected that, after all, there was
nothing very extraordinary in the visit of the deputa-
tion, and nothing very remarkable in the words of
the address. So much the better. We rejoice the
more; we rejoice that there is nothing extraordinary
or remarkable in the matter. We rejoice that it is
no longer extraordinary for England to sym-
pathise with and co-operate with France,
and that it is no longer remarkable for Englishmen
to give free utterance to the interest. and admiration
with which they regard their former enemies, and to
evince an earnest anxiety for the interchange of mu-
tual friendship and assistance.

It is not the interview in the Hotel de Ville which,
of itself, excites our interest and exultation, but the
state of feeling of which that interview is the token.
As the straws floating on the surface show the di-
rection of the current, so do such casual and appa-
rently trivial incidents serve to indicate the state of
popular feeling, and show us whither we are advancing.
Hence it is that we are disposed to hail with satis-
faction such an incident as the one in question, be-
cause, however unimportant in itself, it bears witness
to the rapid spread of amicable and charitable senti-
ments, and it induces us to hope that the day is nut
far distant when, according to the concluding words
of the address,," the people of England and France
may live in friendship and in that honourable rivalry
with each other which will best conduce to the in-
terests of both, and to the maintenance of peace
throughout the world."

We have advices from Oporto to the 7th instant,
by the Eider, arrived at Poole on Sunday, cattle laden.
A holiday was kept on the 7th in Oporto; all quite
tranquil, and but little affected by the revolution in
France.

Rates of exchange, 554 d. per milreis.
Her Majesty's ship Comet, Commander RIGOR ; her
Majesty's ship St. Vincent, bearing the flag of Rear-
Admiral Sir CHARLES NAPIER, K.C.B. ; the Howe,
120 guns, Captain Sir JAMES STERLING, Knt. ; the
Queen, 110 guns, Captain W. H, BRUCE ; the Ca-
nopus, 84, Captain J. MORESBY, C.B. ; the steam
frigate Amphion, 36 guns, Captain W. H. WILLIAMS;
the steam frigate Dragon, Captain HALL; and the
bomb steamer Scourge, Commander WINGROVE, toge-
ther with the dispatch boat Jackal, Lieutenant
WESTON, comprising the British squadron under Sir
CHARLES NAPIER'S orders, were all moored in the
Tagus at the above date, but expected to move daily
towards England.

The Duke of SERA CAPRIOLA, who has resigned
the office of President of the Council of the Kingdom
of Naples, has published a manifesto stating the
reasons which have induced him to adopt this course.
It appears that it was in consequence of the Sicilians
persisting in what the Duke considered an exorbitant
demand. After enumerating the several demands of
the Sicilians, which the Government had already
taken into consideration and devised means of satisfy-
ing, the Duke declares that the point on which the
Ministry could not consent to yield was that which
the Sicilians absolutely insisted on—namely, that no
Neapolitan troops should be sent to the island, to co-
operate with the Sicilian regiments in the defence of
the country and in the preservatiok of order. Neapo-
litan troops were thus odiously assimilated to foreign
troops, and the island must inevitably be left open to the
attacks of any enemy that thought fit to invade it.
This pretension of the Sicilians would in fact prevent
the KING from defending the island if attacked, and
as the inhabitants could only furnish a body of men
in proportion to their population of two millions, the
kingdom of Naples would in fact be left defenceless.
Under these circumstances, the Ministry, not
being able to effect anything, deemed it advisable to
resign.

An electoral law has been proclaimed at Naples.
The qualification of the electors is fixed at twenty-
four ducats (1001.) of imposable revenue, and of
the Deputies at 240 ducats (1,000 f.) The number of
Deputies for the kingdom of Naples alone is 161,
divided amongst the different districts according to
the population. Sicily will have a reparate represen-
tation.

The Gazzetta di Roma of the 3d March contains
an oZcial proclamation of the Treasurer-General and
Minister of Finance, announcing the introduction
into the Papal states of the decimal system of currency
and monetary unity which obtains in France, and
has already been established in Sardinia and the
Duchy of Parma.
In accordance with this decree, it is arranged that
five-franc pieces of silver coinage, and twenty-franc
pieces of gold coinage, current in the Republic of
France, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Grand
Duchy of Parma, shall circulate in the States of the
Church—the first, at the rate of 93 bajocchi, and
the second, at the rate of 3 acudi 72 bajocchi, and
their multiples in gold in the same ratio.
This arrangement was to take effect in Rome from
the daite of the proclamation, viz., the 3d of March,
in the provinces of the Mediterranean and the
" marches," and in the legation of Urbino and
Pesaro, from the sth March, and in the legations of
Bologna, Ferrara, Forli, and Ravenna from the 6th
March. The Treasurer and Minister of Finance will,
in the interim, take measures for the coinage of the
mew currency.

The intelligence from Germany is important.
A second edition of the Cologne Gazelle, published
on Saturday afternoon, contains the following letter,
announcing a great event in Prussia
" BERLIN.—JoyfuI tidings, the commencement of a
new era, form the subject of this communication. The
King has granted unlimited liberty of the press through-
out his dominions. Instructions to the various Pro-
vincial Governments were forwarded yesterday; and the
royal decree on this important subject will be made
public so soon as it shall be known that the instructions
havo reached their destination."

The Berlin Gazette states that the King of PRUSSIA
has signed an act of amnesty in favour of the Pules
implicated in the insurrection of Posen. By virtue
of this act, the thirty-three prisoners sentenced to
death will only undergo five years' imprisonment in
some Prussian fortress, and such as were condemned
to imprisonment, whether for long or short periods,
are at once to be set at liberty, and furnished with
the means of returning to their homes.

It was generally understood in Berlin that Baron
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT is about to proceed
forthwith to Paris, on a confidential mission from
his Sovereign.
The KING had consented to receive, in person,
an address agreed to by seven or eight hundred
young men of Berlin, of whom the principal portion
were students and operatives.
The King of HANOVER received on the 7th of
March a deputation from the magistrates and mar.,
'seil communal of the capital, who presented him with
an address, to which he caused the following reply
to be given :
" lam charged by his Majesty to make the following
statements with reference to the address presented
yesterday :
" I. The resolution adopted by the Diet on the 3d
of this month, with respect to the press. ran thus :--
"Each State of the Confederation is left at liberty
to abolish the censure, and to establish liberty of the
press.
" Provided always that this shall be done under gua-
rantees shat shall protect to the utmost the other states
of the Confederation and the whole Confederation itself
against all abuse of the liberty of the press. These
guarantees it is necessary to fix before the abolition of
the censure. His 'Majesty will not refuse to join in
those resolutions which shall be adopted with respect
to this subject by the majority of the states of the Con-
federation.

" 2. No one, on reflection, could fail to see that to
admit the deputies of German states to a participation
in the deliberations and the resolutions of the Germanic
Diet, resolutions to which the Sovereigns themselves
are bound by the federal treaty, is not reconcileable
with monarchical government.
" B.' With respect to an early convocation of the
Estates of the kingdom, his Majesty's own resolution
had anticipated the expressions of the address. The
Estates are convoked for the 28th of this month.—By
special command,
(Signed) " DE FALCKE.
" Hanover, March 7, 1848."

Great rejoicings have taken place at Munich, in
honour of the announcement by the KING of his
intention to convoke the States of Bavaria imme-
diately.

Some manifestations of discontent had been made
at Stuttgardt, on the 7th of this month, in conse-
quence of the nomination of a new Cabinet, in which
M. DE LENDENS was to hold the appointment of
Minister of the Interior. Tranquillity had, how-
ever, been restored by a promise from the KING that
he would make some alterations in his intended
arrangements.

From the Austrian capital we have received the
following intelligence, which, under existing circum-
stances, possesses peculiar interest :

" VIENNA, MARCH 6.—The arrival of the mail from
Hungary this morning has caused great excitement.
Daum's coffee-house was crowded to excess, and a gen-
tleman was at once placed on one of the billiard tables
for the purpose of reading aloud the Pt esburg Gazette,
which had just been received. Events in Hungary have
taken a serious turn, so much so, that the Archduke
Stephen has arrived here to ask for new instructions
suited to the extraordinary and unexpected circum-
stances.

"An address has been forwarded by the States of
Hungary to the Emperor of so unusual a character, that
the sensation it has created cannot be matter of surpri,:e.
It demands the strict maintenance of the ancient Hun •
garian constitution, and the appointment of a separate
Ministry, the members of which shall be responsible to
the people of Hungary.
" Vienna, nevertheless, remains quiet, and popular
attention seems exclusively directed to the Exchange, as
the great decline in the public funds and other State
securities, as well as the difficulty of obtaining change
for bank-notes, have caused much uneasiness. The Bank
of Austria has, in consequence, somewhat anticipated
the usual period for the publication of its quarterly ac-
count, by putting forth a statement from which it appears
that there are at present no fewer than 6,000,000 florins
in specie in its coffers."
We have fortunately obtained an official copy of
the important document referred to in the foregoing
letter, and we subjoin a translation of it :

authorises by his conduct such violent dispositions.
The best defence of the throne is the law. With
them, and by satisfying the wares of the epoA, public
tranquillity is preserved, and the prestige of the
Sovereign increased."
The QUEEN replied as follows :
"It is very well ; I thank you, and will take proper
measures."

MARIA CHRISTINA and NARVAEZ, un warned by
the fate of Louis PHILIPPE and Guizor, seem de-
termined to continue their attempts to govern by
force. Large sums of money were distributed among
the troops on the 6th by NARVAEZ, but this system
cannot long continue. There is no M. GulzoT, with
a large secret service fund, to apply to now, to uphold
dynastic interests.

The Senate have reported in favour of the Bill
granting to the Government additional powers.
MADRID BOLSA, 6.—Three per Cents.
23f buyers; .1 sellers ; Five per Cents., 13i buyers,
14 sellers ; Passive Debt, 5i sellers ; Coupons, 10
buyers. Exchange on London, 47 60.

'HE FREisCH REPUBLIC.

PROCEEDINGS AT PARIS.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.

The Chargé d'Affaires of Spain has eornm.unicated
to the Minister of F,reign Affairs the de,ire of the
Spanish Government to maintain with the Provisional
Government of France, the same amicable relations
which have hitherto subsisted between the two
countries.

A colossal bust of Liberty, presented by N.
CLESINGER, the sculptor, to the Provisional Govern-
ment, was on Sunday paraded through the streets of
Paris, by a body of 300 sculptors. The parish priest
of the Petits Peres, came out at the head of his
clergy, and blessed the bust:
The Swiss residents in Paris walked on Sunday in
procession to the Hotel de Ville, to present an address
to the Provisional Government. Each wore the
Federal armlet, consisting of a red band, with a
white cross. They sang the " Ranz des Vaches" as
they passed along the streets. The effect is said to
have been very beautiful.
The Provisional Government have, it is said, sent a
person to London to obtain information as to the
organization of the Metropolitan Police force, it being
their intention to organize a similar force for the pro-
tection of Paris.

The failures of bankers still continue ; to the list
already announced, we have now to add the firms of
BAUDIN and Co., Place Vendome ; of ESTIENNE
DRLACHAUMB and Co., 25, Rue St. George; and of
FOURCHON and Co., 41, Rue de Provence. The
connexion of ESTIENNR and Co. was principally
among builders, and their failure will have the effect
of throwing a great number of workmen out of em-
ployment. The house of BAUDIN was largely con-
nected with railways; M. BAUDIN himself was a
regent of the bank of France. Several bankers have
declined,entering into any new engagements. It ap-
pears that the rich capitalists hang back from aiding
the Provisional Government in its efforts to mitigate
the effects of the financial crisis. Their subscriptions
to the National Discount Bank have in many in-
stances been ridiculously small. The following
article in the National may, perhaps, have the effect
of inducing them to become more liberal :
" The subscription for the national discount bank
is already filled with a long list of names ; but we
cannot forbear from expressing our painful astonish
ment at the sums put down by most of the great
banking houses of Paris. At a moment when it is
necessary to enlarge credit, when the citizens of all
classes are imposing upon themselves the greatest sacri-
fices to ensure to the State the resources of which it is
in need, it is, to say the least, unaccountable that mete
notoriously the possessors of colossal fortunes, should
not come more generously to the succour of that com-
merce from which they are derived. It would cost us a
severe pang were we to expose to the public opinion the
names of the subscribers and the amounts of their sub
scriptions. However, if we are driven to it, we must
make up our minds to the task. Not that we pretend to
constrain any person to tax himself—we only wish that
a true judgment may be passed upon the sincerity of
certain declarations by the manner in which they have
been acted up to. The apparent enthusiasm and reality
of the adhesions avowed are proved by the produce of
francs and centimes on the lists of which we have
spoken. It is the unquestionable right of every man to
remain master pf his own fortune; but the Republic has
an equal right to refuse to accept as alms that which is
only given through fear. It demands voluntary sacri-
fices, no doubt, but they should be serious and efficacious.
Now the sums subscribed are absolutely derisive. It
there be any doubt of this we shall call upon the public
to decide. Will that be agreeable to these gentlemen?"
In the same journal (which is the organ of the
Provisional Government) we rejoice to find the fol..
lowing on the subject of the English alliance :
" The Journal des Debuts expresses an apprehension
that a phrase in the report of the Minister of Finance
may offend England. That journal may be reassured:
peace will not be compromised for such a trifle, and
Great Britain will show herself less susceptible than the
Journal des Debats. Under the monarchy of Louis
Philippe England was long flattered. Then, when the
alliance appeared a necessity for the dynasty, it was
considered worth purchasing at any price. At a later
period, it is true, another interest commanded a different
language; but at bottom, in both cases, the Government
and its organs were wanting in sincerity. The case is
quite different at present; an alliance is formed on the
common interests of nations, and not with a view to the
personal advantage of a family. Henceforward there is
no more need of flattery or abuse: between two great
nations all that is required is truth. The Debats, which
is at present somewhat put out by the late events, will
soon perceive that the policy of the French Republic
does not exist by lying tricks; and it will soon see that
leis not diplomatic rouerie and royal finesse that are
suited to the austere frankness of a Government, saying
all that it thinks, and doing all that it says."
1 All parties are preparing for the elections. The
Journal des Debats puts forth the following, which
may be considered as the programme of the wreck of
the Guizot party :
" We owe to cur readers, to the public, to the Go-
vernment—a frank declaration. If we said that we were
exceedingly in favour of the new form of government,
and that a sudden inspiration had changed and renewed
cur ideas, no one would believe us. Such a profession of
faith on our parts would justly inspire only contempt or
distrust. It would be supposed that we were afraid, or
that we conceal under such eagerness, which could not
but excite suspicion, a secret hostility. Such is not the
position which we have taken up, and which we wish to
guard. We admit the fact—we are the conquered of
February. That word we pronounce without any feel-
ing of vengeance or of hatred. Our ideas relative to the
form of government have fallen; others have triumphed.
We sincerely wish that they may be more fortunate than
ours, and that, putting an end to the long era of intes-
tine discords, they may ensure the happiness and liberty
of France. But the question of the Provisional Go-
vernment is far, in our opinion, from being the only
question which men of sense have to devote themselves
too What has France been seeking for the last
sixty years ? Her predominant want has no doubt
changed according to the period. he 1789 the country
sought above all for liberty. After the great storms of
tee revolution, it sought for civil security, the end of
proscriptions ; and France, so to speak, ran to meet the
despotism which presented itself as the restorer of
society. For the last thirty years it is the conciliation
or order mid liberty that France wishes for. This it
was supposed at first was found in the alliance of ese
old legitimacy with a charter accorded to the fundamen-
tal principles of the revolution. That is what we our
selves thought was founded in the contract of 1830.
The conciliation of order and liberty, that is the problem;
and the form of government which shall resolve it will
be the best. Under all forms of government France has
a right to demand security of persons and respect of
property, a regular and impartial justice, humane and
moderate laws, a liberty more or less extended—a true
liberty—liberty of thought, liberty of worship,
liberty of election, combined in such a manner as that
the majority may have the power and the minority be
not oppressed. France, for the last sixty years, only
asks for that. These principles may be defended under
the Republic as under the Monarchy, and it is one's duty
to do so—the form of government is only the means.
These means are imperfect, and we cannot suppose that
any sincere republican can persuade himself that the
republican form answers for everything, decides every-
thing, is everything. Passions exist under the republic
as under the monarchy: there are factions—there are
ardent, immoderate, uneasy minds, which contradiction
irritates, which know no liberty but their own, and
which never once consider that to impose their
ideas on others is to be tyrannical. Under the
Imperial Government, France had order without
liberty. At present, she desires to have liberty with-
out order. There is, therefore, always for good citi-
zens, no matter to what party they may have previously
belonged, en honourable part to play in political life.
The principles of order and liberty will not defend them-
selves. We say to our friends, Go to the election,'
as vie said to them a few days back, ' Lend your cce
operation to the Provisional Government.' What we
recommend them to do, we shall do ourselves by the
press—no systematic hostility, no despair, a frapk co-
operation in all that is good, alliance with the moderate
men who wish to hare order and liberty under all
regimes—no opposition to a simple form of goverment.
Such is our programme, without any concealment.
We have ourselves adopted it, and we recommend our
friends to do so. We have not hesitated to praise in
the acts of the Provisional Government what appeared
to us to be well intentioned. We praise it above all for
having sought the abolition of the pain of death in poli-
tical matters, to inaugurate into the new Republic a
now spirit of mildness and humanity 1 Such acts shall
always receive our approbation ; we shall be silent
only
-on what may shock our habits, our personal j

sentiments, our own ideas. We shall blame with mo •
deration, but with liberty, what may appear to us
contrary to the interest.; of France, and to the prin-
ciples of justioe and order. For ourselves, what do
we demand ? We said it on the first day—as much
liberty as our adversaries have had when our ideas
triumphed ! " •
The National recommends that none but tried
Republicans should be returned. It says--
--

" We can comprehend that the grert.t events which
have just been accomplished have destroyed many illu-
sions, dissipated many phantoms. This revolution, so
unexpected, and which was the work of some hours, the
royal edifice fallen to pieces at the first shock, the throne
carried away by a blast of wind, must have singularly
shaken the faith of the partisans of the monarchical in-
stitution. What perished so quickly was not long
lived, that is certain. The unanimous assent «hich
greeted the idea of a republic, the facility with which
order was restored, the calm which reigns everywhere,
prove clearly enough that certain terrers are chimerical
There must, therefore, have been some sincere conver-
sions; there will be others, no doubt; and democratic
ideas will not delay, we hope, to unite all well-thinking
men, all loyal hearts, to the country. They will not
hesitate to openly recognise their error and give in their
adhesion withe Such clearness that their honour may be
pledged. M. G. de Beaumont has done so, and others,
probably, will follow his example. As to those whose
conviction is not yet entirely formed—who submit t.•
the Republic as a fact, without adopting it as a principle
—who only see in the work now iu preperation an ex-
periment of which the success is doubtful, their honour
torbids them, in our (Onion, to viddle with the matter
Let tie m wait. Conviction will come to them some day
or other ; but until then let ti:eni abstain, remaining
simple spectators. In the interest of the: country, in
tiisir own interest, we di•f in it right to give this c unsel.
They may Wow it or not, just as they please ; but in
the latter case we strongly recommend the Central
Committee to oppose their election by every means in
their power. We shall ourselves join all our efforts to
theirs, and we do not think that in doing so we shall be
wanting in either r quity or moderation. Moderation
and justice do not exclude prudence."
The Atelier, which is edited by M. ALBERT, and
which is the organ of the working classes, recom-
mends as the Members for Paris,—the Members of
the Provisional Government,—Citizens LAMENNAIS,
CADET, CONSIDERANT, BUCHEZ, PIERRE, LEROUX,
and eighteen ouvriers.
The Moniteur publishes several additional acts of
the Government. The first abolishes flogging in the
navy. The following is the decree.—
" The Provisional Government, considering that
corporal chastisement degrades men, that it is the duty
of the Republic to :efface from the laws all that can
wound human dignity ; that it is a good example to
give to the world, and that the suppression of corporal
punishment, in strengthening in the navy the feeling of
honour, cannot but give to the sailors a higher idea of
their duties, and inspire them with respect for themselves
and for the laws of discipline, decrees that the punish-
ments of the gauntlet, keel-hauling, and flogging are
abolished ; that until a complete revision of the penal
maritime code they shall be replaced by imprisonment
in the cachot fur periods varying from four days to a
month.
" Paris, March 12."

The following is the second decree :

" The Provisional Government informed that in several
towns demands for liberty made by persons detained for
commercial and civil debts have been rejected, on the
ground that the decree of March 9, 1848, cou!cl not be
retro-active, decrees that all persons detained for civil
or commercial debts shall be immediately and provision-
ally set at liberty, in virtue of the decrees rendered on
the 9th March, 1648, by the Provisional Government.
" Hotel de Ville, March 12, 1848."
A third decree abolishes the Council General of the
Seine, and places the department under the direction
of the Mayor of Paris, on the ground that as the
Municipal Council of Paris was dissolved, the Coun-
cil-General of the Seine should meet the same fate.

The fourth decree reduces the number of ordinary
Councillors of State from thirty to twenty-five, and
announces that the following Councillors have been
dismissed:—Messrs. Jacqueminot de Ham, Felix
Real, ex-Deputy ; J. Haubersart, ex-Deputy;
Mottet, ex-Deputy ; Tupinier, ex-Peer; Liad:eres,
ex-Deputy. It appoints the following to be Coun-
cillors of State :—M. iioulatinier and M. Vieillard,
ex-Deputy. The same decree dismisses five maitres
des requeles from their functions, namely MM.
Lelorgue, d'ldeville, Debonnaire, de Gif, Achile
Guilhem, Rudon de Beaupreau, and Laffon-Ladebat,
and appoints MM. Daverde and 1 urmet in their
places. Several other decrees follow, changing the
law officers in different parts of France. The long
list of dismissals closes with that of M. Vatout, the
Royal Librarian under the late dynasty, and Presi-
dent of the Council of Public Buildings.
We read in La Presse :

"A considerable number of journeymen joiners who
had assembled to convene upon their own situation were
alluding to the 1,000,000 f. to the civil list, Which the
Provisional Government had promised to distribute
among them, when at the moment of the arrival of Louis
Philippe and his family at London in a state of complete
deprivation was announced. Upon hearing this news
one of the men present said Sacristi ! that is very hard
upon them. I tell you what should be done. The ad.
vice of Beranger should be followed. A million distri-
buted amongst us would be but a very few francs a-piece.
Well, then I Let it be sent to the ex King. The aims
of the poor do honour to misfortune "
BOURSE—PARIS, MONDAY, MARCH 13.

Scarcely any business worth speaking of was trans-
acted to-day, and a general decline has taken place. At
first the attendance was exceedingly slight, but towards
the close the hall was crowded. The Three per Cents.
opened at 501., and closed at 49f., being a fall of 2f. on
the day. The Five per Cents. opened at 77f., and after
touching 74f. closed at 74f. 50c., or 21. 50c. lower. The
Four per Cents. were quoted at 65f., or 3f. lower. Bank
of France shares have again gone down 75f., being
quoted at 1,725 f. Roman closed at 69f., or 3f. lower.
The suspension of payments of the banking houses
of Bandon, of Estienne, and of Fourchon, . were
a good deal spoken of all day, but did not excite much
surprise, having been for some days expected. In rail-
way shares the depreciation has been exceedingly heavy.
Orleans closed at 8001., or 50f. lower ; Rouea at 4101.,
or 451. lower; Havre at 2001., and Marseilles 275 f., both
20f. lower ; Northern 340 f., or 12f. 50c. lower; Lyons
at 290 f., cr 71. 50c. lower ; Strasburg at 3371. 50c., or
51. lower ; Nantes at 328 f. 75c., or 31. 75c. lower ; Bor-
deaux at 3971. 50c., or 21. 50c. lower. The matters that
show better prices are Versailles (Left Bank), which
closed at 110 E, or 101. better ; the Obligations de la
Ville at 1,0101., or sf. better, and Piedmont at 820 f., or
201. better. As on the preceding days, everything was
done for cash. Bons du Tresor remain unnegociated.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, MARCH 13.
Boulogne and Amiens, 6 --,Duteh Rhenish, %—Northern
of France, 3 Orleans and Bordeaux, 21/3—Paris and Lyons,
11/2—Paris and Orleans, 35—Paris and Strasbourg,
Sambre and Meuse, 5 4.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING—(THIS DAY.)
LONDON, MAaCU 14.—Wind N.N.W., light breeze,
and fine clear weather.

RAMSGATE, MARCH 13.—The Dorothea, Visser, from
Batavia to Amsterdam, :which put in here on the 4th
inst., leaky and with foremast sprung, commenced dis-
charging to-day.
LYTHAM, MARCH 13.—The Branch Miller, of Dunbar,
from Leith to Liverpool, went ashore this morning on
the Salthouse Bank, at the entrance of the river Ribble;
she has sustained some damage, but it is expected she
may be got off.

LIVERPOOL, MARCH 13.—The Miltiades, Croom, from
New Orleans, in attempting to enter the Albert Dock,
struck against the pier head, lost cutwater, &c., and
anchored in the river. A schooner is on shore near
Southport, the lile•boat has gone to her assistance. The
Majestic, Corkhill, of Ramsey, from the Clyde to Run.
corn, with pig iron, struck on the North Bank this
morning and sank; crew saved.

PLYMOUTH, AiARCH 12.—Four boxi,s of ,pecie were
sated Irow the Libra, Gibbons, from Oporto. abandoned
in at. 47, lon. 5.

MEVACISSEY, MARCH 10.—The Post Boy was passed
dismasted and abandoned 7th instant, eighteen miles
N.W. of Jersey, by the Judy, Johnson, arrived here.
ILFRACOMBE, MARCH 12.—Part of the stern of
vessel, marked " Olivia, of London," has come on shore
near this place.
PORTSMOUTH, MARCH 13.—Arrd. Johanna Maria,
Leipsic, Rotterdam for Batavia, with loss of sails, and
pumps choked; 'Tropic, Clark, London for Barbadoes.
Sailed 13th, Isle of Wight, Mauritius; Amiga, Algoa
Bay ; Helena, Catharina, Nickerie, Ida, Dubinia,
Surinam.

I POOLE, Menai 11.—Arrd. Cider, Hart, Oporto.
PENZANCE, MARCH 11.—Arrd. William Clements,
Llanelly for Falmouth, with bulwarks stove, and jibs
split.
DEAL, MARCH 13.—Wind N.N.W. to N.W.—Arrd.
Bowes of Streatam, Newholm, Penang; Sarah Bell,
Richardson, Mauritius ; John Andersen, Laurence,
Demerara; Alice Jane, Miller, Jamaica. Arrd. from
the River and sld. Cot4ord, Williams, Sierra Leone;
Vicar of Bray, Sawyer, Lima; Chaucer, Barbadoes.
2rlumaus, MARCH 11.—Arrd. Medium, Crosby, St.
John's, New Brunswick, for Carmarthen.
JERSEY, MARCH 10.—The Post Boy schooner, of
London, was towed in here yesterday, a derelict; the
mast and spars, with the exception of the bowsprit, are
gone, the starboard quarter stove in, and most of the
bulwarks and stanchions carried away; she also appears
to have been stripped.
HULL, MARCH 18.—The Rob Roy steamer, Knobker,
from Hamburgh, which arrived here yesterday, was in
eontact with the Queen of Scotland steamer, for Ham-
burgh, when the former received some damage; the latter
proceeded.
LOWESTOFT, MARCH 13. —The Clio, Sharp, from
Sunderland to St. Malo, was assisted into this harbour
to-day with damage, having been in contact 10th inst.
whilst at anchor in these roads, with the New William
and Mary, of Ipswich.
HULL, MARCH 11.—S1d. Turk, Skinner, Greenland.
GRIMSBY, MARCH 12.—Arrd. Wilberforco, Skerry,
Shields, for Carthagena, with damage to hull, sails, and
rigging, having been run into by the Richmond Hill, of
London, off the Dudgeon.
SHIELDS, MARCH 11.—S1d. Franklyn, Havannah ;
Herrings, Faimbreef and Quebec; Lune, Rochefort and

_ .
ditto; Coquet, Gibraltar and ditto; Wilton Castle, Adri
and ditto.
CORK, MARCH 11,—Wind W.N.W., a gale. —Arra.
Brilliant, Furlong, Honduras, London.

-
MARKET NEWS.—(THIS DAY.)
EAT IVIAIZIEETS.
SMITHFIELD.—Meadow flay, 21 12s to 31 14e; Clove%
ditto, 31 15s to 41 15s ; and Straw, 11 4s to 11
8s per load. Trade dull, at but little alteration in prices.
CUMBERLAND.—Meadow Hay, 21 13s to 31 lit i
Clover ditto, 31 153 to 41 125; and Straw, 1143 to 1110$
per load. A fair average supply, and a sluggish demand.'
WHITECHAPEL.—IIeadow Hay, 21 14s to 31 1511
Clover ditto, 31 15s to 41 15s; and Straw, 1/ 3s to 1191
per load. Supply tolerably good, and trade dill.

HOUSE OF LORDS.-(THIS DAY•)
The House sat to-day to hear 'appeals. The Pee"
present were the Lord Chancellor, Lord Campbell, the
Marquis of Bredaibane, and the Marquis of Sligo.

TURNBULL V. COWAN.
This case came before their Lordships upon an sppesl
from the decision of the Court of Session. 11r,.
Turnbull, the testator in the cause, died sometime, &PC
leaving a widow and an only son, Thomas Tuinbulit
who is a person of mental incapacity. The respondirtiSO,
who is an Advocate in Scotland, was appointed his.
curator bonis, and the questi,n on the cause was whether
or not the yearly produce of the trust estate of Mi. W.
Turnbull for a certain period subsequent to his death
belonged to his son Therms, and as such ftll under the
management of the respondent as his emitter bonis•' the
Court of Session decided that it .:did, and frogs
that decision the appellants, who are the widow of the
late Mr. William Turnbull, and the 'trustees nominated
under the deed of settlement executed by him, broughs
the present appeal.
Mr. Stewart and Mr. Anderson were Counsel for the
appellants, and Mr. Bethdl and Mr. Gowan supported
the judgement of the Court below.
The arguments occupied their Lordships the whole,
morning, and had not concluded when our Evening
Edition went to press.

THE MAYOR AND CORPORATION OF LONDON V. TES