The Sun.
London, England, 1833-10-05 00:00:00

The motion was carried amidst loud cheers.

On the motion of Lord MILTON, seconded by
Mr. G. CHOLMLEY, a committee was appointed to
carry the object of the resolution into effect.
The Earl of CARLISLE moved the thanks of the
meeting to his Grace the Archbishop, which was
seconded amidst loud applause, and the meeting se-
parated.

YORK, OCT. 2. In consequence of the
death of Mr. Bayntun, a requisition has he.n presented
to Mr. Tuke, a merchant of this city, and a member of
the Society of Friends ; but he has declined standing.
Two other requisitions are in course of signature, the one
by the Liberals to the Hon. Thomas Dundas, and the
other by the Tories to John Henry Lowther, E•q. These
two gentlemen were the defeated candidates at the last
election. 'f hat to Mr. Dundas has received several hun-
dred signatures, and no doubt is entertained of his be.
coming a candidate. A public rn,.eting has been held,
and the expression of feeling in his favour was vcry strong.
The Tories seem to fear that their man will not submit to
a second contest. At one place, where their requisition
was laid, there were but two signatures last evening, the
one the keeper of the shop, the other the gravedigger of
the parish. Mr. Mortimer Bayntun, the brother of the
deceased Member, h,s issued a long address to the elec-
tors, declaring himself a candidate, and it is said tbat he
will come down to canvass the electors after his late bro.
ther's interment.

Mr. Cooper's new novel of the " Headsman.'
has been, on account of its power and originality of subject,
ranked by its numerous readers with " the Pilot" and
" the Spy." Nothing in fiction can surpass in inter est
the strange scenes, the strongly-marked and strong'y-
contrasted characters, and the passion which animates the
pages of this last work of the Great American Novelist.
The description of the wild storm on the Leman Lake
will not easily be forgotten ; aed the gentle heire,s of
Willading will take her station among the time-honoured
heroines of romance.

EMIGRATION FROM THE ISLE OF THANET.
—A great number of persons have of late emigrated from
the Isle of Thanet to America. On Friday last, Mr.
John Rogers, a shoemaker, with his wife and five sons,
left Margate by the Sovereign steamer, and was safe,y
shipped the same evening on board one of the- American
packets for Albany. The scene was truly affecting when
the relatives came to take their farewell ; the whole of
the family being born in Margate, and having always
resided there, the separation was doubly painful. —_ en t
Herald.

F )

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

In remarking on the suspicious fact] eyinced-
w a Psa that the issues of the
Bank
u oft r ai
England
n
;eater in the middletit _
last, by the sum of nearly 2,000,0001. sterling,
lAaut se year tt yl were
t return,
ent( rtgi the same period of the
we took an opportunity cf inculcating caution
on the Bank Directors and the public, while we
deprecated any attempt to create alarm. We
observed that the mania for certain schemes at
the present moment was nearly as great, though
not so general, as in 1824, when, in fact, the
issue's of the Bank of England did not much
exceed their pre,;:ent amount, and we added,
" that if the loan-convocting South Americans
had not cheated us then', they might cheat us
now. We want only 11. notes togive specula-
tion wings to fly,' or rather to form a balloon to
carry us aloft, beyond the view of our more
sober interests; in order to be as giddy as we
were for the 18 months which intervened be.
tween January; 1824, and August, 1825."
These words, published on Thursday se'nnight,
with some other remarks about the dangers of
excessive speculation when stimulated by exces-
sive issues of Bank paper, seem to have supplied
" a key-note" to such of our contemporaries as
understand least about the general principles of
trade and finance, and who consequently seem
to have gone on ever since raving m chorus
about bubbles and joint-stock projects. We
certainly had no idea, when we called attention
to the Bank issues, that we were throwing down
the dike for the admission of such an inundation
of nonsense, otherwise we should have explained
our meaning in greater detail, and with more
precision. The parties who have taken up the
subject of our remarks are, of course, as usual,
innocent of any meaning, and merely exercise
their undisputed privilege of talking from an
imperfect recollection of former overtrading and
panics, wi bout having any power of applying
past experience to present circumstances. In-
stead of studying the principles of connnercial
or manufacturing economy, they have taken to
the reading of the Bubble Act, with the com-
mentary of Lord Eldon's speeches, as if from
such sources they could draw any knowledge of
the causes or consequences of the present crisis.
They have heard that the God of Gain is like-
wise the patron of thieves, but they cannot dis-
criminate between his two characters—and
accordingly, whenever they are reminded of
an inordinate eagerness for speculation, though
of a legitimate kind, they recur to common-
place trifling about the Mississippi scheme and
the South Sea delusion. Seeing this egre-
gious blundering, and reckoning ourselves, per-
haps, its innocent cause, we shall make no apo-
logy for explaining in a brief notice our sentiments
on the present situation of affairs, as indicated
by the announcement of new projects and enter-
prises. We say, then, that we apprehend tittle
danger of derangement to the existing commer-
cial transactions of the country, and none to its
permanent interests, from the most unrestrained
spirit of legal enterprise, provided our standard
of value is maintained, and every chance of an
excess of paper issues is prevented. On the
contrary, were the Bank of England so far to
forget its duty to the public as to grant facilities
to the undertaking of foolish projects by care-
less advances of paper money, the country
would
never be safe from losing projects even in the
dullest times. It was with the view of pointing
out this hazard that we noticed the great addi-
tion of 2,000,0001 to the paper circulation of
the Bank of England within the year, as coin-
cident with the announcement of a great variety
of schemes for the formation of rail-roads and
the establishment of joint-stock banks. Our
anticipations of an unfavourable result would
have been much stronger had small notes been
allowed to exist, and had we ascertained that
the country banks had in the mean time been
adding to their outstanding obligations in the
same ratio as the parent institution in Thread-
needle-street. On the latter point we have no
decisive evidence ; and with regard to the 1/.
notes, we trust that speculators have bidden
them an eternal adieu. It remains that the
Bank of England should be called upon to ex-
plain the cause of the 2,000,0001. of increase
on its notes, to which we have adverted. The
Bank is bound to pay its notes in gold, and
though the exchanges are declining, they
have not yet turned so much against us as to
make it profitable to export our standard metal,
but we shall never be safe till we have a
greater publicity of Bank accounts, and a
more direct control over Bank issues than we
have at present. Speculation is chiefly to be ,
dreaded when it is stimulated by an artificial
state of the circulating medium, or by the tem-
porary enjoyment of unlimited credit. Then it
rages without any check from reason, prudence,
or forethought, because the parties engaged in it
cannot separate their apparent from their real
success, and because its results cannot be imme-
diately brought to the test of experience. If we
can lay an injunction on the Bank engraver to
restrain him from entering into partnership or
combination with speculators and projectors, our
apprehension of the latter would be considerably
diminished, if not entirely removed; and if, in
addition, we could break every plate for a bank-
note below 10/., we might reckon ourselves

pretty secure against their jugglery or magic.
We are quite aware that during the time of the
bubble projects, which sported in such wanton-
ness and numbers round that leviathan of delu-
sions, the South Sea scheme, Bank credit was
still in its infancy, and that small notes had not
made their appearance, but the shares in these
companies were so minute, and their distribution
so limited to the capital, that their paper became
a kind of temporary increase to the currency.
The infatuation—for it was an infatuation,—so
long as it lasted, thus fed itself. It was a
mere gambling with counters, with just so
much money on the table, or in the hands of
the players, as to pay off their d►fferences.
The Mississippi scheme of law in France, on
the other hand, was so connected with his na-
tional banking establishment as to constitute
one system, and was purely what Mr. Attwood
would call " an action on the currency," to such
an enormous extent as the world never witnessed
before or since. Under the present Govern-
ment of England, and after the recent changes
in our commercial laws and establishments, a.
considerable additional activity may be
issue in
s"
course of the session been
in our manufacturing enterprise—i 9
cantile speculations—and in our efforts
.
iving cause for
ternal improvement, without g
oi-ixr
IPsboe rme t in-
ternal
serious alarm.
the
de country, or oftt jeo te:
exclu-
sive privileges of
t
: thhebeneficialof
erection joint_ar
as they restrainer) Bank of England,e
is natural, therefore, that those
The last remnant of the
lc:i rrt °o°' projectors abolished.till: so) a'arni is
1 assas nlooidtffi. capitalists who have for yeari
been exclaiming against the policy of such re-

El

-Hces

›.KA


1

straints should take advantage of their removal
to realize their views of personal profit and na-
tional advantage. Within the course of the late
session, a statute has passed to throw open the
trade of China, and to transfer to the general
merchant all the remaining portion of that com-
merce which, for more than two centuries, has
been retained in the sovereign hands of the East I
India Company. Sanguine politicians may antici-
pate an immense increase of trade from this great
commercial revolution— and even the most
moderate may look for some improvement; hut
whether-these expectations be realized or not, it
cannot be doubted that there will be an extensive
transfer of interests from one set of persons to
another, and that this transfer, (luring the period
of its progress, must occasion an additional
activity, akin to that arising from an augmenta-1
tion of business. Railroads were among the
number of schemes projected and abandoned in
the bubble years of 1824 and 1825. They
had partially succeeded before, and have succeeded
better since, that time—but the great fame and
the enormous profits of the railway established
between i\lanchester and Liverpool have thrown
a peculiar charm or lustre at present round that
mode of investing capital and improving com-
munication. To increase its popularity it has
received the scientific approbation cf foreigners,
who came to visit our improvements, and returned
to imitate our example, and particularly of our
French and Belgicneighbours,who either propose
to prolong the corresponding lines of some of
our roads to their capital; or to facilitate our
trade through their territory by new lines
of their own. We allude to a projected
railroad between Paris and Dieppe, or
some other French port in the Channel, to
correspond with one from London to the English
coast, and to an immense undertaking of this
kind in Belgium, which is to connect the port of
Antwerp with the banks of the Meuse and the
west of Germany—a plan of which now lies
before us, along with an estimate of the expense
of its construction, and the profits of its con-
veyance. Is it surprising, then, that from such
homage to the acknowledged utility, and such
belief in the extravagant profits, of railroads, we
should see so many projects on foot for their
formation ? We frankly own that we think the
market overstocked with such proposals, and
that the formation of railroads on many of the
projected lines would occasion a mere waste of
capital. The success of that between Man-
chester and Liverpool does not prove that they
would succeed everywhere else. In cases where
good roads or convenient canals already exist—
where great expedition is not required, or where
neither an extensive traffic is to be carried on.
nor crowds of passengers to be conveyed, it
would evidently be a losing concern to alter
existing arrangements. If individuals or com-
panies could proceed in such schemes without
asking the authority of the Legislature,
they might throw away their money as
they chose, and the public, which could not
remonstrate, would only be a loser by the failure
of an unproductive speculation ; but as they have
to petition for leave to drive through the fields
or grounds of their neighbours, it would become
Parliament in all casss rigidly to inquire, before
it grants such leave, whether the present means
of communication are not nearly satisfactory in
case of draught and in rapidity, and if they are,
to reject the petition. By cutting up a conve-
nient road, or rendering useless a frequented
canal, already formed, it is plain that a railroad
would not be an unequivocal gain to the coun-
try, though it may attract employment to pay
the proprietors. Its whole advantage would
be measured, not by its absolute returns,
but by its returns after deducting the cost of the
communication which it displaced or made
unnecessary. We shall return to this subject,
and endeavour to distinguish between the
schemes now afloat and those which disgraced
the years of 1824 and 1825, begging again to
repeat that we shall only be apprehensive of the
former if they should turn out to be connected,
like the latter, with an " action on the currency."
We must soon, in terms of the Bank Charter
Act, have an official publication of the Bank
accounts in the Gazette, from which we shall
learn much as to this fact.—Times.

The alterations of tempest and calm which
characterise the social condition of Ireland, and
constitute the immediate impediments to its
improvement, have been proved by long and
invariable experience to depend mainly upon
causes which nothing but a wise, firm, and
vigorous Government can reasonably be expected
to extinguish or enfeeble. It has generally
happened that the periods of popular commotion
and excitement in the Sister Kingdom have been
those in which the Government of Great Britain
has manifested the greatest anxiety to establish a
reputation for liberality and indulgence ; while,
on the other hand, the intervals of calm, during
which the prosperity of the country anti the
general welfare of the people have been enabled
to make some slight advance, have coincided
almost uniformly and exactly with the displays,
reluctant and transitory as they have been
in modern times, which the British Govern-
ment has occasionally been compelled to make
of austerity and rigour. Since Earl Grey's
Government, in defiance of political consistency,
carried the Coercion Bill through Parliament,
and subjected a large and populous district of
the country, without any very scrupulous or
accurate appreciation of existing necessity, to its
austere provisions, the whole of Ireland has been
comparatively tranquil. But we cannot but doubt
the permanency of this improvement, now that
Earl Grey's Government have sent to Ireland a
nominal Lord Lieutenant, who, with many dis-
qualifications, does not possess a single recom-
mendation for that office of display but the fact
that it is exceedingly doubtful whether lie is a
Rom an Catholic or a Protestant, while all his
leanings and partialities are known to be in fa-
vour of the professors of the former faith, accom-
panied by a Secretary to whom all the details of
Irish Government are really to be intrusted,
and of whose fitness or unfitness for the
office no judgment can be formed, except
that he is one of the vehement professors
of liberalism, and took especial care to
signalise his entrance into office by a very
condescending attempt to propitiate the fa-
vour and friendship of Mr. O'Connell. With a
Lord Lieutenant parading his complaisance to
the Roman Catholic hierarchy, and an Irish
Secretary parading his respect to Mr. O'Connell,
it is certainly to be apprehended that even the
Coercion Bill of Lord Grey may soon cease to
be efficacious. The state in which Ireland is at
this moment placed is an opprobrium to the
British Government and Legislature. It was
surely to be expected after the application of
_so
unconstitutional a measure of restraint as the
Coercion Bill of Lord Grey, and after that
!measure had partially succeeded in the restora-
tiQn of at least temporary tranquillity, that some-
thing more would have been done by the Lx-

. -
ecutive Government of Great Britain, with a
view to make that tranquillity lasting, than giving
to Ireland two such Statesmen for her rulers as
the Marquis Wellesley and his son-in-law Mr.
Littleton, and that something more would have
been done by the Legislature than agitating
every question, without settling any, that has
ever been at issue between the two religious
divisions of the Irish people., than despoil-
ing and degrading l'oe Protestant Church,
without afrording, any sensible relief, or
any permanent satisfaction to the Roman Ca-
tholic portion of the Irish community. Ministers
might have availed themselves of the precious
instant of comparative repose which the Bill of
unconstitutional coercion had afforded them, to
lay the solid foundations of permanent peace and
progressive civilization and prosperity, by the
introduction of sonic system of poor laws which
would have given the owners of land, the men
who possess influence and power over the general
condition of society, a permanent and sensible
interest in the well-being and good conduct of
the classes by whom the land is occupied and
cultivated. By this means the rancorous hostility
which has always prevailed in Ireland between
class and class, sect and sect, clan and clan,
parish and parish, might have been mitigated by
degrees, until all minor distinctions had been
lost in the ffeneral name of Irishmen ; and in
Ireland, as in all other civilized countries, the
well-regulated activity and enterprise of indivi-
duals, competing with each other under the
control of laws well understood and pro-
perly respected, might have diffused health,
vigour, and harmony throughout the whole struc-
ture of society. Instead of this, what are the
measures which have occupied the British Go-
vernment since the fierce passions and sanguinary
turbulence of the Irish people have been en-
chained by an authority wholly despotic, in order
to afford time and opportunity for wholesome
legislation ? The hostility of the Roman Ca-
tholic portion of the Irish people towards the
Protestant establishments and the Protestant
people of that country has been encouraged ;
turbulence and agitation have been inculcated as
the best means by which to pursue the objects
most gratifying to that spirit of hostility ; the
Roman Catholics have been taught, by Act of
Parliament, that their hostility to the Protestant
Church is not to be unavailing, and that turbu-
lence and agitation employed in such a cause
shall assuredly not go without its desired reward.
This is the high premium for turbulence
and agitation which has been offered to
the Roman Catholics as a class. But an-
other premium also of a different nature has
at the same time been offered to individuals.
Ministers have contrived a method of dealing
with the tithe question which robs and degrades
the Protestant Church, thus rewarding the Ro-
man Catholics in the aggregate for their syste-
matic resistance to law and government in the
matter of tithe ; but of this contrivance the pe-
culiar and distinguished merit and recommenda-
tion is, that it rewards individuals of the Roman
Catholic persuasion, or of any other persuasion,
who have shown enmity to the Protestant
Church in exact proportion to the time and
the degree in which, under the influence of
that enmity, they have resisted and defied the law.
Ministers have also reformed the Jury system of
Ireland, or, in other words, they have devised a new
system of empannelling Juries, the effect of which
must be to produce Juries upon every occa-
sion, civil or criminal, throughout the greater
part of Ireland, composed of the very class of
persons who for years have been ranged in
systematic opposition to British Government, to
British institutions, and British law, and in hos-

tility equally systematic, but still more intense,
to the rights, prosperity, and security of their
Protestant fellow-subjects. It is not conceiv-
able that such a course of government and legis-
lation can have been devised by rational men for
any other purpose than that of creating in Ireland
the necessity for a perpetual law of unconstitu-
tional coercion, of rendering the struggle of op-
posing sects and parties more and more intense,
and of compelling at length every sect and
every party to hold the Government which
urges them thus violently into collision with
each other in detestation and contempt.—
Morning Post.
Mr. Loudon, in " The Gardener's Maga-
zine" for October, 1833, has communicated
notes on gardens and country seats visited
by him from July 27th to September 16th,
during a tour through part of Middlesex,
Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Wilt-
, shire, Dorsetshire, Hampshire, Sussex, and Kent,
—certainly an extensive range of country. The
same acute and experienced observer passed, he
says, deliberately through the same tract of
country in 1812 and 1813. As that is precisely
the period when, according to our advocates of'
depreciation, the condition of the labouring
classes was most flourishing, it is worth while
to hear what Mr. Loudon says with regard to
those appearances from which the condition of
the people may be inferred at the two periods.
He says, comparing the tract of country as it is
now with what it was then, " We have found a
decided improvement in the cottage gardens, we
may say everywhere, by the more frequent ap-
pearance of' flowers in them, and by the preva-
lence of the China rose trained against the walls.
The cottage dwellings are, on the whole, not
worse ; and on some estates they are a good deal
_ _

improved. Many cottages, which be—fore had
no gardens, have now considerable portions
of ground added to them ; unfortunately
not generally adjoining the cottage, but in some
neighbouring field ; but still there is now hardly
a cottage which has not ground attached to it
in some way or other. Here and there, through-
out the country, we observed labourers' cottages of
a superior description, erected or erecting with
platforms or terraces round them, and lofty orna-
mental chimney-tops, with ornamental barge-
boards, pendants, and pinnacles. We think
we may fairly trace the origin of these to the
circulation of an Encyclopxdia of Cottage
Farm, and Villa Architecture ;' a book which
we are happy to say has been well received
everywhere, and which we trust will, ere long,
produce a visible good in every part of the
island." The disposition to ornament, may be
taken as a tolerable criterion of comfort, be-
cause the ornamental follows, but does not
precede the attainment of the necessary. When-
ever the labouring people of a country are ragged
and dirty, and live in vile huts, we may safely
put them down as miserably poor. We
are, therefore,
m
such good authority,ucli gr at thiafite
tlet o
visiblehear, from
.of thriving of the labouring people,
insjgthnes
tract of country of England • in which the poor
laws are supposed to have been most abused,
are everywhere manifest. we were equally
gratified to find, from an account of a tu
Carrickfergus to Dublin, in the Scotsmoalrz,irtowm
or three weeks ago, by the accomplished Editor
of that Journal, that the cottages were rapidly

improving in appearance in that pail, of Ireland.
But while. the cottages are improving, according
to Mr. Loudon, the mansions are going to
decay. The cry of the Jacobins was, War to
the palaces, and peace to the cottages. In
England, war has been declared to the palaces,
but it is a war of finance. But let us hear what
Mr. Loudon says on this subject :—" With
respect to gardens and country seats, we may
say, that, on the whole, we never saw them in a
state of worse keeping. Generally speaking, the
more extensive the park and gardens, the worse
they are kept. We scarcely recollect above one
or two noblemen's places highly kept ; and even
one of these will no longer be an exception
to the general rule, since pecuniary difficulties
have occasioned eleven garden labourers to be
discharged from it at once. The noblest place in
Britain, perhaps in Europe—Blenheim, is going
rapidly to decay. Before entering the great gates
at Woodstock, the stranger sees two trees (an
ash and a sycamore), each four or five feet high,
growing out of the crevices of the stone piers.
When the gates are opened, he observes half
the lake turned into a morass, covered with
rushes. Advancing to his house, he finds
part of the architrave over the eastern gate-way
fallen down ; and if he goes as far as the cas-
cade, he will find that the head, or dam, is no
longer in a state to retain water, and that, of
course, the lake is not so full as it ought to be,
by five or six feet. The Duke's private garden,
of which we think very little, we shall speak of
hereafter in detail. Almost the only highly kept
gardens which we saw were those of small pro.
prietors, professional men, merchants, or bank-
ers. Of these, we must give the decided
preference, for beauty and keeping united, to the
following, which we put down in the order in
which we saw them :—Drayton Green, near
Acton, Mrs. Laurence ; Taplin House, near
Maidenhead, Pascoe Grenfell, Esq.; Bishop's
Stoke, near Southampton, the Rev. Thomas
Gander ; the garden of the Misses Gamier,
near Wickham ; and Redleaf, near Tonbridge
Wells, William Wells, Esq. The last was
by far the most beautiful, and, except the
garden of the Misses Gamier, the most per-
fectly kept of all the places which we saw.
There are a number of gardens which approach
to the above—some in point of high keeping,
others in scenic beauty, and some in both united ;
but they have all something about them which pre-
vents our giving them unqualified praise." Mr.
Loudon endeavours to remove apprehension from
the minds of gardeners on account of this falling
off in the circumstances of the high aristo-
cracy. " Let not (he says) this view of the
decay of Noblemen's gardens induce gardeners
in want of places to despair. Every gardener
who has seen much service knows that a situ-
ation under a rich tradesman, merchant, or
small landed proprietor, is productive of far
more comfort to him than one under a noble-
man, where so many intermediate persons come
in between him and his employer, that he is at
all times liable to misrepresentation, and to be
discharged without even an opportunity of ex-
planation. As far as we have observed, the pay
given to their head gardeners by men who are
themselves in business is as great as, in many
instances greater than, that given by noblemen.
As the country goes on improving, the small
places will greatly increase, and with them a
taste for gardening, and situations for first-rate
gardeners." We observe in the evidence before
the Agricultural Committee something like an
endeavour (from the nature of the questions put
to Mr. Blamire) to make it appear that, in the
counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, the
changes in circumstances which elsewhere ex-
hibit themselves in the decay of noblemen's
mansions and gardens, are peculiar to the small
proprietors. This is from Mr. Blamire's
evidence :

" Throughout the counties of Cumberland and West-
moreland is there not a large body of yeotnanry who have
inherited small properties from lather to Fe❑ for ages ?
A very considerable number. Property is more subdivided
there, I suppose, than i❑ any other part of the kingdom.
" Upon the conditio❑ of those men, has the circum-
stance of rent, which has affected the condition of the
farmer, operated at all ?—Not unless you consider the
payments they have to make out of their land as rent.

" What is the condition of those men now, as compared
with their condition at the end of the war ?—The number
has considerably diminished, and the situation of those
who are still in existence is considerably worse than it
was; there are very few of them whose properties are
altogether unincumbered.
" Has their number been much diminished lately
Their number is constantly diminishing ; small estates are
constantly being thrown upon the market, and often
bought by wealthier classes.
" As those small estates are brought to market do small
proprietors step in and buy them, or are they absorbed into
large properties ?—Frequentiv absorbed into large pro-
perties, but occasionally bought by men who have realized
money in trade or in large farms, and who are withdrawing
their capital from large farms and investing it in the
purchase of landed property.
" Is not the reluctance very great on the part of the
yeoman before he consents to part with his little hereditary
property ?—So great that he is often induced to cling
to it longer than it is prudent to do so ; he is paying
interest for money borrowed upon it, which is pressing
more severely upon him than any rent could do.

" Have you reason to believe that since 1815 a greater
change has taken place in the proprietors of the small
farms than in any antecedent period of much longer dura.
tion ?—I believe that to be the case from what I have
heard and seen.

" Do you know for how many generations this land
has been transmitted from father to son ?—ln many in-
stances for very long perioth. A considerable portion of
the property is copy hold, and I have frequently seen ad-
mittances from the time of Queen Elizabeth in the same
family name.
" Have you seen many of those alienated since 1815 ?
A great many ; and there are still many other properties
waiting for a sale, in the expectation that the state of the
money market may get better.
" Knowing the character of the men in whose circum-
stances that change has taken place, can you state whether
it has arisen from any important alteration in their habit
of living, or tt,.y extravagance, or any diminished industry ?
—Generally speaking, not ; but the parties have had large
families, and they have, from a miscalculation of their
real situation, been induced to leave to their children
larger fortunes than they ought to have done, and to
saddle the oldest eon with the payment of a sum of money
which it was impossible he could provide for. That has
been the case to a very great degree, particularly where
the lands so devised were lands of inferior quality. I know
some remarkable instance, where parents have left a pro-
vision for younger children out of estates which have not
been sold during the continuance of high prices, and which
have fallen so much within their calculations as to leave to
the eldest son hardly anything.
" Does the description you have given of the habits of
the tenantry of Cumberland and Westmoreland apply
almost in every respect to the habits of the smaller
yeomanry ?—There is no difference in their mode of
living ; they are quite as frugal, and often more so, and
their situation is often worse."

The nobleman and the yeoman are in truth
subject to the same laws of change. Men who
have large families must provide for those
families, and mortgage their properties; mort-
gages are never redeemed from rents ; and when
the properties come into the market, men who
have realised money in trade, or in large
farms, invest their capital in the purchase of the
property of the nobleman or of the yeoman. It
is an understood matter that an estate of
1,0001. a year and under seldom goes beyond
the third generation in the same family. The
church, the colonies, the army, and the navy,

have hitherto, in some degree, prevented the rule
from operating with full force on the aristocracy.
Still, with all the care taken to give permanency
to any order, it will in the end be found unavail-
ing. Men who live on rents, and keep up
mansions, never save money. Provisions for
children cannot always be obtained from the
State ; theta come mortgages, and the decay of
mansions and gardens. We have no doubt that
much of the opposition of the aristocracy to
registration, arises from their unwillingness to
let it be known that in many cases their
estates are mortgaged to their full value.
There is no such thing as permanency in
nature. Families must fall and rise. The
mansion of the great landowner only accelerates
his fall ; for that which he might be able to keep
up while his estate is unincumbered, becomes
unsuited to a narrower income. Now that a
Reformed Parliament gives to the middle classes
a control over the finances of the country,
which must, of course, lead to reduced expen-
diture at home and abroad, the difficulties of the
already deeply encumbered aristocracy must
rapidly augment. The ingenious M. Simond
tells us in his " Account of Switzerland," that
in consequence of the reverses of fortune of the
Berne Aristocracy, most of them are in strait-
ened circumstances, and it is deemed vulgar
there to be rich. As in this country we cannot
unmake Peers, and the people will take care
that no public money shall hereafter be wasted
on pauper Peers, merely because they are Peers,
we may soon expect also to see in this country,
poverty the distinctive characteristic of a Peer,
so that the tribunal which decides on all pro-
perty in the last resort, shall itself be almost
without property.—Morning Chronicle.
Looking upon the Church of England as by
far the most liberal and tolerant of any which has
ever possessed the power of being otherwise, it
is not without extreme regret that we ever hear
of any partial departure from those characteris-
tics by any of those in whom the execution of
its rites and offices is vested. Of all persecution
that which wars with the dead is the most blame-
able, because the most senseless ; nor can ally
man of common discernment who attends with a
Christian spirit to what passed between our
Saviour and the thief on the cross conceive him-
self endowed with an authority to refuse Chris-
tian burial to the remains of the most erring of
his fellow-men. Least of all should a Protestant
minister adopt one of the worst errors of
Popery. It is not, therefore, without feelings
bordering on disgust that we hear of the curate
of a parish, not far from the metropolis, who is
stated to have refused to bury the corpse of a man
dying in the parish, for no other reason than that
he had, when in extremis, refused or neglected to
receive the Holy Sacrament. That the spiritual
state of the man who " dies and makes no
sign" is one of fearful alarm we have every
reason to believe ; but when the Minister
of the Gospel has done all in his power
to calm the bed of death, there his duty
and responsibility end, and the spirit having fled
to Hitn who gave it, any attempt to wreak ven-
geance on the lump of clay for the ineffectualness
of his spiritual efforts is, to speak of it in the
mildest terms, a species of ignorance, not to say
of arrogant assumption, which will not hear re-
flection or discussion. Even the law which for
ages wreaked a Vandal-like vengeance on ra-
tional suicides, has long since yielded to a more
enlightened and rational spirit ; and surely it is
not for any Minister of the Church to revive
within its walls even a worse spirit than this, by
denying to a dead body any burial at all, when
the law in question went no further than assign-
ing an ignominious one. With regard to the
subsequent burial of the body in question by lay
hands, that seems to have been almost the ne-
cessary consequence of the original error, fur-
nishing among many an additional proof that if
men would weigh the consequences of their ac-
tions, how many unwise and rash acts they would
avoid.—Morning Herald.
We have so repeatedly expressed our opi-
nions upon the subject of the assessed taxes, and
so frequently denounced the impolicy of main-
taining them in opposition to the declared wishes
of those who fell most both their inequality
and their severe pressure, that in the observa-
tions which we are about to make upon the
new opposition which has been organized
against them, we trust to receive credit for our
good intentions, if we may not be fortunate
enough to deserve it on any other grounds. That
opposition has now, in the metropolis at least,
assumed a shape, form, and substance which
must necessarily render it not only a subject of
anxious deliberation to the Government, but of
serious import to the country at large. Its form
is not that of armed, but of passive resistance—
of a determination not to pay voluntarily the
taxes alluded to, but to take all the consequences
which may result from the refusal, in the shape of
seizure of goods, and the expenses which re-
course to such a procedure must necessarily entail.
In the act itself, apart from the intention to
resist the authority of the Legislature and the
Executive, there is no criminality, and we will
not take upon ourselves to aver that, even with
these adjuncts, there is anything in it with which
the Government can deal otherwise than by re-
course to the usual mode of recovering unpaid
taxes ; but we will put it to all impartial persons,
whether the point aimed at is really worthy of
the adoption of such an extraordinary step as
that of a determination not to pay taxes ?
whether the associations which are now formed,
or in the course of formation, may not fur-
nish dangerous precedents for the enforcement
of less justifiable claims ?—and, finally, consider-
ing the hope of the speedy abolition of the
whole of the house and window taxes, held out
by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, whether
there be not a way of obtaining the desired
repeal quite as effective as that which we are
condemning, and infinitely more r agreeable to
the spirit of the Constitution ? The first and
last questions resolve themselves almost into
one ; for if there be a rational ground for hoping
that the obnoxious taxes in question will be
repealed as soon as the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer shall have again a constitutional oppor-
tunity of proposing their abolition, then is the
object aimed at unworthy of the serious stand
that is now made, and its accomplishment to be
attempted by the usual means resorted to in
such cases. It is true that recourse hal been
already had to these means, and that it has failed
of extorting from the Government more than a
doubtful prom
promise to comply with the wishes of the
public ; but it is equally true that neither the op-
position to those taxes on the one hand, nor the
resistance to their abolition on the other, have
been of such duration as to justify a collision
upon the subject between the Government and
the public. Such a result is always to be de-
plored, when there is a possibility of avoiding
it, and such a step ought only to be had recourse
to when all fair and peaceable means have utterly
failed of success. [his is not only the dictate

of the Constitution, but the basis on which
society is founded—the principle on which its
members must act—the understood, though not
expressed, contract between those who govern
and those who are governed ; for if both were
not occasionally to give way to the wishes of
one another, it is quite evident that the results
would be, first, a perpetual collision of feeling
and will, and, secondly, a complete breaking up
of the whole frame of society. To something
like the former pass, thanks to the headstrong
and impolitic conduct of the Government on
the one hand, and the no less rash and ill-
advised conduct of the people on the other, we
have already arrived, and how soon the other
might follow, may be easily gathered from the
history of other countries at no great distance
from our own. But if the object be really not
worthy of the doughty resistance threatened,
how extremely culpable, and how dangerous, as
a precedent, is the form which that resistance
has assumed ? It is a combination to resist
the payment of a certain portion of the taxes,
which the Legislature has decreed to be neces-
sary for the maintenance of the public credit
and the public establishments of the country ;
and were the Government to yield in such a case,
what could be alleged of it but that it was a
mere mockery, or what other results could be
expected to follow but the formation of other
unions and associations for much less justifiable
purposes ? Is there any one who has " a stake
in the hedge," as the saying is, who does not see
that from the moment of such compliance the
arbitrary will of a few might become law to the
many--that there would be no security for pro-
perty—no reliance to be placed upon the Go-
vernment ? What if all those who were only
possessed of property to the amount of 20/.
were to form a union to rob all those who
were possessed of 40/.—or those who were
only possessed of 401. to make themselves
equal, by a similar and short expedient,
.
moth those who were possessed of 100/.?
Such things have been, and such unions—we
mean uncalled-for unions—only require to be
encouraged in order to bring about a repetition
of them—a suspension of all obedience to the
law—declared hostility between the governors
and the governed—and such a total insecurity
of property as effectually to destroy that confi-
dence which forms the basis of individual as
well as of national prosperity. The right of re-
sistance to injustice and oppression, come from
what quarter they may, is a sacred right ; but it
is not one to which recourse is always to be
had ; and as, in the present instance, it is not
only not imperatively called for, but, as we have
seen, may form the ground of very dangerous
precedents, we trust that we shall speedily hear
of the dissolution of the unions to which we
have referred. The Government, we question
not, now estimates at its proper value the dis-
like entertained to the payment of the assessed
taxes, and will, unquestionably, abolish them
toto, in the ensuing Session of Parliament. Till
then, the enforcement of the law is an impera-
tive duty, from the execution of which, in strict
justice, it ought not to derive any unpopularity.
—Morning Advertiser.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.

LONDON MARKETS.

(From the " London New Price Current" of yesterday.)

SUGAR.-The Sugar Market has been very dull all
the week ; the estimated purchases are only 1,800 hbds.
and trcs. ; the prices may again be stated Is. per cwt.
lower ; Sugar, not by any means very brown, sold at 565.
The Refined Market continues in a very depressed state,
notwithstanding the low stock of goods, and the inactivity
of the trade of r, fining ; the reduced price of Muscovades
still holds out no inducement to the refiners to extend
working; the holders this week appear inclined to accept
lower prices, but this does not induce the buyers to come
forward ; the latter offer 345. for fine Crashed in quan-
tity, chiefly for the Mediterranean, but the holders ask
355. There is very little business doing in Refined Sugars
this afternoon, and although the stocks on hand are not
by any means extensive, lower prices have in some in-
stances been accepted for the grocery descriptions. For
the fine sorts for export, entitled to the bounty on double-
refined, there have not been so many offers this week, but
the refiners still demand 355. a 36.. ; for a few small
parcels 345. a 345. 6d. was refused yesterday.
MAtratrius SUGAR.--There have been no public or
private sales of Mauritius till this forenoon ; the prices
have been nearly nominal. By public sale this day 703
bags Mauritius Sugar have been sold at Is. Gd. a 2s.
lower, brown 525. a Ms., low to mid. yellow 555. a 575.
The demand languid.
EAST INDIA SUGAR.-There have been no purchases
of East India Sugar this week.
FOREIGN SUGAR.-The only purchase of Foreign
Sugar is 300 boxes good white Havannah at 245. 6d. ;
for fine yellow 275. has been offered and refused. By
public sale this day 10 chests Brazil Sugar ; brown sold
at 225., mid. soft white at 265.
COFFER.-The Coffee Market is still very dull ; the
finer descriptions of British Plantation are Si. to 4s. lower ;
the ord. is heavy, but nearly supports the previous cur-
rency; good ord. Jamaica 925. a 931., fine ord. 955. a
965., mid. 995. a 100 s , and good mid. 1129. ; good mid.
Berbice 101 s. a 107 a. Foreign and East India are dull,
but the prices are well supported ; fine ord. St. Domingo
66v.; Porto Rico, fine ord. 70s. 6d. and 71s. ; Ha-
vannah,
ord. 56.. 6d. a 58s. 6,1., good and fine ord.
625. Gd. a 655. 6d. ; good ord. Batavia 68s. a 69a. 6d. ;
good• ord. Satnarang, 575. End. a 595. 6d. ; Mocba of fair
quality sold 86s. a 88s. ; the latter has been held at 90s.
This day our Giffee sales have been 33 casks 32 brie. and
113 bags Plantation Coffee; the casks were Jamaica, and
sold at 91s. 6,1. a 925. for fine ord., and 935. a 945. for
coloury low mid. ; the brie. and bags pale ord. to mid.
Demerara, for which 86s. a 87s. 6d. was given for the
former, and 971. 6d. far the latter ; some triage sold at
655. and 755. a 755. 6d., being on the whole about 31. a
4s. less than yesterday ; about 280 bags good ord. green
Ceylon found buyers at 63e. a 635. 6d., establishing a fall
in this kind of 2s. Gd. a 3s. ; 131 bags ord. to good
Sumatra were sold at 545. 6,1. a 565., which is about
Is. 6d. a 2s. lower. Foreign remains without alteration,
and in no demand.
COCOA.-Ttie demand is very limited; a parcel of Red
offered at public sale was all taken in, no buyers. This
day at public sale 246 bags Trinidad Cocoa, all withdrawn.
Rum, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.-The Rum Market
has been very languid; the buyers evince no disposition
to purchase during the present appearance of the market., ;
the quotations are in consequence nominal. In Brandy
or Geneva there is no alteration.

TALLOW.—The Tallow Market has been more firm, and
the prices have advanced a shade from the late lowest
price ; the market is, however, still in an unsettled state.
By public sale this day 1,091 casks new St. Petersburgh
Tallow sold 445. a 441. 3d.

IRISH Paovistorts.—Since Monday the arrivals of Fo-
reign Butter have been about 3,000 casks—of Irish 10,500
firkins, and of Bacon only 293 bales; there are, however,
several vessels from Ireland close at hand, with a further
supply of both Butter and Bacon. Fine Friesland Butter
at the qnay we quote 86s. a 87a. per cwt., and if we can
note any alteration in Irish since our last, it is a disposi-
tion on the part of sellers to submit to a little decline in
price upon most descriptions ; Carlow, as to repute of
shippers, we quote 765. a 81r. on board, '7Bs. a 82s.
landed ; Waterford, 735. a 765. on board, 745. a 775.
landed ; Belfast, 775. on board, 78s. a '79s. landed ;
Cork and Limerick, of good assortment, 755. a 755. 6d.
on board, '778. a 775. 6d. landed ; Dublin 70s. a 71s. ;
Sligo 71s. and Bainbridge 703. on board, for this month's
shipment. Prime small singed new Bacon meets a ready
sale at 41s. per cwt. as it arrives, and at 425. on board
for such now shipped, and at 40s. for shipment in the
course of this month ; sales have been effected this week.
Old Bacon is more readily disposed of if ❑ot very much
out of condition. Bladder Lard is rather declining in
value, and for Hams, Bale and Tierce Middles, Beef and
Pork, there is scarcely the least alteration in price or
demand this week.
COTTON.--The demand for Cotton has been completely
suspended : the purchases by private contract do not ex•
eeed 200 bags, at prices rather lower. By public sale
this day 1,173 bales Surat, all sold bid. very ord. to 74d.

good fair ; the ord. horn gd. to Id. lower, fair about
tot mer prices.
Hors.—There is little alteration in the prices of 1101).

or in the duty this week.
SrtcEs.—Spices are dull and lower ; Pimento bag
fallen id. to id. per lb. mid. to good quality sold in par'
eels 4id. and lid. At a public sale of 2,300 bags PePPert
only one half sold at a reduction of d. a. id. per lb.l
half heavy dusty at 4d., good half heavy clean 41a• ana
44d., mid, quality white 6id. a 61d. All other SPl6ede:
nominal ; some sales of mid. quality Cassia Ligneat33%.j
and Ms. This afternoon Spices generally are off Ta
lower, first quality Nutttega have been bold at 10. r
,
Spices no business tran•acting ; some holder® of reiri,
offer parcels at yesterday's prices, which were id. a 44,1' Fe
lb. lower.

INDIGO.—In Indigo there is no alteration.
SILK.—Silk continues firm at the late advance.
ty
Woor..—ln Wool there is no variation ; the Ow"
prices are fully supported.
FRUIT.—The holders of Currants, on Tuesday ::
advanced the prices to 78s. for Zante, and 80s. for Pates''
and yesterday further accounts having been received fr'ij
the island., stating that the damage dune was lily
greater than at first expected, induced them to hold 60.4
for those price, and under which there does not aPP7,
to be any sellers at present. This day, by public '‘o',
150 brls., 10 qr. brls., 5 cases New French Prunes
a 565. ; 709 qr. chests, 1,490 small boxes, 1,172 ,1
tons, 1,053 half ditto, 672 quarter ditto New InnlYeL,
French Plums, the quarter chests sold at 70s. a
small boxes 85s. a 1155., cartons, &c., 5/.los. a 91.
part sold.
TEA.-There is no alteration in the Tea Market;
declaration for next title is to be out next week. The Cd.°.ce,
mittee of the Tea Trade are to-day with Mr. Spring oll'o
respecting the new scale of duties on Tea, which have
much dissatisfied all practical men. 41
SALTPETRE.-At public sales 1,170 bags Saltpetre,
to 9 refraction, 365. 6d. and 375., which is agate
elude lower.

PRICE OF SUGAR.
,tea
The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, cOII of
from the Returns made in the week ending the lat as
Oct., 1533, is 345. 2sd. per Hundred Weight, exclusive of ,0
Duties of Customs paid or payable thereon on the Importo'
thereof into Great Britain.

PItIOES OF HOPS.—Oct. 4.
New Ksnt Pockets (per cwt.) .... 51 ss. 71. Os. to 81. ~°:
Choice ._B/. Bs. 01. Os to 91. v,,,
East Kent-- - _ 81. Os. 01. Os. to 91.
Choice
K nt Bags 1(0'
Choice .- Ol. Os. 01. Os to 01.
New Sossex Pockets 5/. Cs. 0!. Os. to 61. 10''
Superfine Ditto
The Hop Duty is estimatedl Os
at 10501.,000/05..t0 71>
I'l

PRICE 01 OIL.

£4O 0

Rape Oil, brown Refined
Linseed Oil
Linseed Oil Cake at the Mill, per thousand 15 10
Rape Cake, per ton

WH I'l ECti A PEL HAY MA ItK I.—Oct. ok
Flay 655. Od. to 90s. Od. J Clover.... Od. to 100 i.
Straw 14a. ad. to 30, 041.

PRICE OF POTATOES.—Oct. 4.
Marsh Champions
Shaves

Middling

Os. Od. to 2s. M. ditto.

Chats

Os. Od. to 2s. ed. ditto.

LI.ATHE.R. „d.
Per lb. d. t- f!
English Horse Hides.- !I
ry
Spnish Ditto +"
Per dozen. 0
Calf Skins.. 30 to Vib. 1
Ditto , ,
40 to 601 b. .l
Ditto 70 to 9(Nb. PI
Small Seals. Greenland 16 16
Large 19