The Sun.
London, England, 1848-02-07 00:00:00

1. Todhunter, John's.

2. Barry, Trinity.
The first four gentlemen in the list of wranglers at
the late commencement were the only candidates.
Mr. Todhunter was first and Mr. Barry (who is a son
of the eminent architect) fourth on that occasion. It
should be mentioned, however, that ceteris paribus,
preference is given (under the founder's will) to mem-
bers of Trinity.
NOTICES.—The Regius Professor of Divinity has
given notice that he will lecture on The Articles in
the Soph'g School on Tuesdays and Thursdays, corn-
mencing on Tuesday, February 15.
The examination for the classical tripos commences
on Monday, February 21, in the Senate-house.
CLARE HALL.—The following students have been
elected scholars of this society :—Appleyard, Had-
dock, Harris, Haymas, Penruddocke, and Watt.

GAMBLING.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—Although lotteries produced a large annual
sum to an impoverished exchequer, so strong was the
public opinion expressed against them, from their in-
jurious effects on the morals of the people, that the
Government was obliged to abolish them in 1826. If
the effect was so bad on persons who could afford to
spend 20/. for a ticket, or 265. for a sixteenth, what
must it be on those who have to pay only a shilling
for a chance to win a " Sam Slick clock," or some
other gaudy thing, manufactured for sale and not for
use ? Yet country towns and villages are !subject to
visitations of this sort. A hawker arrives with a
quantity of gay and valueless articles; numbers of
servant-girls, apprentices, shopmen, mechanics, and
others, are attracted, and the money that should be
saved for house-rant, food, or clothing, is spent in
these gambling shops. One out of ten, twenty, or
a hundred gets some showy prize, and the news is
spread over the town, while those who lose never tell
of their losses.

If gambling is injurious to those who can command
twenty pounds, and ought to hare some knowledge of
the world, it surely must be worse with those who
risk their shilling--the ;shillings their families are de-
prived of, and can ill spare; or, perhaps the money
of their employer; yet for twenty years after great
lotteries have been declared illegal this temptation
of the poor is -tolerated ; or if there is a law against
it, it is not put in force.
Perhaps, Mr. Editor, if there is a law that will put
this nuisance down some of your readers will kindly
point it out, by which they will greatly oblige, Sir,
Yours, J. WEST.

JEWISH DISABILITIES.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Stn,—May we, through the medium of your
widely-circulated journal, beg to express our grati-
tude to our numerous neighbours, friends, and towns-
men for their sympathy and liberal feelings, and to
those gentlemen Who were deputed to wait personally
on them for their signatures to a petition which was
forwarded from Cardiff, with upwards of eight hun-
dred of the most respectable signatures, in support of
the Bill for the removal of our political disabilities.
It has been whispered that a counter petition has
been sent ; if so, its signatures must se " like angels'
risits, far and Jew," and while our gratitude is thus
publicly expressed, we beg to flatly contradict an
assertion made by a Mr. R. M. Fawcett, at Cam-
bridge, " that the British born Jews do not care for
political privileges." And we shall joyfully hail the
day it receives the Royal Assent.
. I remain, on behalf of my brethren here,
• Your obedient servant,
MARK MARKS.
9, St. Mary's, Cardiff, Feb. 4, 1848.

Viscount and "Viscountess Palmerston received at
dinner, on Saturday last, at their residence at Carlton-
gardens, the Earl and Countess Grey, the Earl of Auck-
land and Hon. Frances E:len, Lord and Lady Holland,
Lady John Russell, the lion. William Temple, the Hon.
William Cowper, Mr. Luttrell, &c. Her Ladyship sub-
sequently had a soirée, when the company included his
Serene highness Prince Lowenstein, his Excellency the
Austrian Ambassador and the Countess Dietrichstein,
his Excellency Baron Brunnow,his Excellency the Turkish
Minister and Princess Callimaki, his Excellency Count
Kilmamegge, his Excellency Baron Rehausen, his Ex-
cellency the American Minister and Mrs. Bancroft, his
Excellency the Bavarian Minister and Baroness de Cetto,
his Excellency Count Revel, his Excellency the Nether-
lands Minister and Mdlle. Schimmelpeneinck, his Ex-
cellency the French Minister and the Countess de Jar-
nac, Baron IColler, Count Potocki, Count Henri do
Beam, Count Nesselrode, the Marquis of Clanricarde,
the Countess Granville, the Countess of Tankerville,
the Countess of Shelburne, Viscount Morpeth,
Viscounthnd,Viscountess Castlereagh, Viscount
Falk-
land, Viscount Canterbury, Lord Campbell and Hon.,
Miss Campbell, Lord Henry Lennox, Lord Glenelg,
Lord and Lady Augustus Loftus, Lord Dudley Stuart
Lord and Lildy Beaumont, Lord Foley and the Hon.
Miss Foley, Lady William Powlet, Baron and Baroness
Lionel Rothschild, the Hon. Colonel Keppel, the Hon.
F. Byng, the Right Hon. Henry Ellis, the Right Hon.
E. J. and Hon. Mrs. Stanley and Miss Stanley, the
Hon. Misses Pepys (2), the Hon. C. Spencer and Hon.
Misses Pepys (2), the Hon. C. Spencer and Hon.
Mrs. Ponsonby, Mr. Mandeville, Mr. G. Craig and Mrs.
Craig, Mr. G. Repton, M.P., Mr. Mactavish, Mr. Stuart,
Mr. Panizzi, Mr. Pigou, &c. On Saturday next her
Ladyship will have a reception.
SUDDEN DEATH Or DR. HIGGINSON, OF POPLAR.
—The Rev. Dr. Iligginson, minister of the East India
Chapel, Poplar, expired on Saturday, under the follow-
ing distressing circumstances: —Aliout seven o'clock,
while dressing himself, he suddenly exclaimed, " Oh,
what a pain I have at my heart;” and as he rapidly got
worse, Mrs. Higginson sent for Mr. Bailey, surgeon, of
Poplar, who promptly attended, but before he could
arrive life was extinct. The deceased was about 60
years of age, and had been the minister of the chapel
20 years.
GENERAL POST OFFICE.--From the complaints
constantly making, it appears that a systematic robbery
of newspapers is perpetrated in the General Post-office.
We have already directed the attention of the Posts
office authorities to the subject, and, as they permit the
abuse to continue, it is time that it should be noticed in
Parliament. A most simple expedient, and one that is
in hourly operation in all our docks—that of searching
every person employed in the office whenever he leaves
the building—would effectually put a stop to the thefts,
or insure the detection of the thieves. It is a national
disgrace that we should hear of a second complaint on
the subject.— Times.
PROFESSOR NICHOL IN AMERICA.—We understand
that our distinguished townsman, Dr. Nichol, has met
with the most flattering reception in the course of 11. b.
present tour through the United States. His lectures in
Boston have • been attended by crowded audiences; and
we are glad to learn from private letters addressed___:itkteo
his friends in this city, that he expresses himself
highest degree gratified by the hospitality_ a d kindness
which he has everywhere experienced.—Gktsew ea•
NATIONAL EDUCATION.—Lord Stowell was no
admirer of the prevailing rage for universal education,
and made a remark with which Lord Sidinouth was
much struck—"lf you provide (he said) a larger amount
of cultivated talent than there is a„demand for,, the sur-
plus is very likely to turn sour. —Poynder s Literary
Extracts (New Series).
The Marquis of Donegal succeeds Lord Falkland
as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard to her Majesty.

ON THE ADVANTAGES RESULT-
ING FROM THE USE OF ZINC-WHITE
OR OXIDE OF ZINC OVER WHITE-
LEAD. BY M. LECLAIRE.
After stating that in practical painting, he had
found many inconveniences arise from the use of white
lead, which led him to try several other preparations,
as a substitute for that pigment, none of which
except zinc white answered the purpose,
he proceeds to speak thus favourably of
the latter; the first application of which for painting
purposes in 1835, he claims for himself. " The zinc-
white is much whiter than white-lead when ground in
oil, and reflects the light instead of absorbing it ; it
furnishes finer and more transparent tones ; it corers
better, and weight for weight, it much excels it. It
is unalterable by sulphurous! vapours, which imme-
diately blacken white-lead paint, and lastly it pos-
sesses the desirable quality of not injuring the health
of the workmen employed either in its manufacture
or its use. Though I had verified the qualities above
mentioned, yet I found myself still very far from a
complete and practical solution of the problem. Mixed
with oil, to apply readily as a paint, it became
necessary to make it dry readily ; but the only dry-
ing substances known are those which had lead
for a base, and which, therefore, imparted to the
zince- white all the defects of white-lead. For-
tunately I finish my researches on this subject
by the discovery of a drier, which has manga-
nese for its base, and which enables the zinc-
white to dry faster than it would if litharge were
employed. Several other colours most frequently
employed in painting are composed either of lead er
of copper, and owe to those metals the
defect of being alterable by sulphurous
gas, whilst these same mixed with zinc-
white derive from it all the advantages of its unal-
terability. It follows, then, that in order to give
my first invention completeness, and to ren-
der it of useful application, we should sub-
stitute for the colours susceptible of alteration
those which cannot be rendered so. After
several years spent in continued aria costly
researches, I have arrived at the production, if I may
be allowed so to say, of a reform in the art of paint-
ing, in completing the scale of unalterable colours,
by the substitution of colours uninjurious and unal-
terable for all those which have copper or lead for
their base, insomuch that I may now affirm :
" I.—That the health of a great number of men
may be saved, and without any interference with
their business.
"2.—That the interior and exterior of our habita-
tions can be painted without the disagreeableness of
seeing, by the slightest sulphurous exhalation, the
painting change colour and blacken.
" 3.—Lastly, that artists may rejoice in the idea
that their chef d'cruvres will not change their aspects
nor lose their harmony with the lapse of time, as has
happened so often in the pictures of the old masters.
",My profession has permitted me, what inmost cases
would be difficult, to introduce these pro.ducts pri-
vately into use; but the advantages which it possessed
over painting in white-lead, and especially its freshness
and tone, were very soon remarked, and the superi-
ority of zinc-white over white-lead quickly verified.
Since that time I have made numerous applications
of zinc-white in my business, and always with the
same good results.
" The working up of white lead paint often caused
numerous and serious accidents to the workmen.
Many suffered from attacks of the lead cholic, some
several times in a year, whilst others, who were
not absolutely attacked by it, Ind their
constitutions gradually suffering, and were
often obliged, for a time at least, to give up
their employment, and preserve only a languishing
health, or endure incurable disease. I employ con-
stantly 200 workmen throughout different parts of
Paris, making use of the white of zinc.
Amongst them I have found many whom the
bad cholic, and the mac 'ptibility of their con-
stitutions, had obliged to abandon painting; not
one accident has shown itself amongst them, so
that they themselves well know how to appre-
ciate the employment of zinc-white. Never
has one of the workmen employed in the
manufacture of the zinc-white suffered the
slightest indisposition which could be attributed to
his employment, nor have particular precautions ever
been taken. In conclusion, many years of assiduous
labour have led me to the discovery and useful appli-
cation, in the arts and industry, of—
" 1. The zinc-white.
" 2. The colours with zinc for a base of the same
colours as those up to the present time obtained by
the aid of lead and copper.
" 3. Lastly, a drier for paint, not having lead for its
base. These products furnish for all kinds of paint-
ing clearer, finer, fresher, and more transparent
tones than those obtained with colours having lead
and copper for their base ; and the multiplied experi-
ments made with them have proved that the colours
thus made, are in every respect superior to those
which up to the present time have been employed;
whilst, at the same time, neither their preparation nor
their employment are injurious to health.—Patent
./cranial.

FIRE AND PROBABLE Loss OF LIFE IN BISHOPS.
GATE STREET.—Saturday evenirg r. fire,- which it is
feared will be attended with loss of life, broke out in
' the extensive premises of Messrs. Ilearon, M.Culloch, and
Co., wholesale druggists, 94, 95, and 96, I3ishopsgatc-
street Within. The fire was caused by one of the work-
men, who entered the back cellar to procure some bags,
and in passing a carboy of spirits of nitre, either
knocked it over, or it ignited from the effects of the
sudden change in the weather, the whole of the spirits
immediately kindled, and ran over the cellar like a sheet
of liquid flame, tiring everything that it came in contact
with. The poor fellow was instantly enveloped in a
mass of flame, and his cries for assistance brought seve-
ral persons to the top of the stairs, but no one could
venture to the unfortunate man, the flames ascended so
fiercely. By a desperate effort he rushed out of the
place, and reached the street with the flames mounting
over his head, and it was only by his being rolled in
the gutter that they were extinguished. Ile was imme-
diately removed to the hospital, where, on inquiry, it
was learned that his burns were so extensive that little
expectation of his recovery was entertained. The en-
gines arriving in rapid succession, with Mr. Braidwood,
the superintendent of the brigade, the fire was speedily
extinguished, but not until the joists and flooring were
burned in the cellar, and the valuable stock therein con-
siderably damaged by fire and water.
FIRE IN THE HACKNEY-ROAD.—Last night, be-
tween ten and eleven o'clock, a fire broke out upon the
premises belonging to Mr. John Ellis, a linendraper and
silk mercer, at No. 5, Brighton place, Hackney-road.
The discovery was made by some of the inmates whilst
sitting in one of the ,lower rooms at supper. They im-
mediately rushed to the front warehouse, which they
found enveloped in a general mass of fire, but by dint of
extraordinary exertion, some of the residents ran up
stairs, and succeeded in rescuing the children. Several
engines were soon on the spot. When the firemen came
down, not a drop of water was flowing from the fire-
mains in the district, and some time was necessarily con-
sumed whilst the brigade were looking for the plugs.
At length they were found, and the same having
whichbeen
drawn, a plentiful supply of water was_procure procured,fire
during scattered into the midst of the flames. The fire
until
t foril nearly water
b a
d
j itie r
ay, and i the
b considerably,
men wore
tw
a s
searching
not
twelve o'clock that it could be extinguished, when the
valuable stock-in-trade was almost consumed, and the
premises extensively damaged by fire. The origin of
the disaster is enveloped in mystery. Mr. Ellis's loss
will fall upon the Royal Exchange fire-office.
Mr. R. Dillon Browne, M.P., is appoined to suc-
ceed Sir Emerson Tennent as Colonial Secretary at
Ceylon.—Limerick Chronicle.
GENERAL FLORES.—This Spanish officer, whose
name became so notorious from the contemplated expe-
dition to the Equador, arrived in London within the past
week from Cuba.

On the 27th, as a railway train was proceeding
from Augsburg to Donauwert, in Bavaria, the wheels of
the first nine carriages were thrown off the rails. A
great number of passengers were more or less injured.
LAUNCH AT GREENOCK.—Yesterday a ship of ,400
tons was launched from the building yard of Messrs.
John Scott and Sons, Greenock. She is named the
Investigator, and, we understand, is to proceed im-
mediately to London, to be fitted up as one of the fleet
that is to be dispatched in search of Sir John Franklin.
The Investigator is a very strong-looking vessel, and
has quite the look of one adapted for the navigation of
the north seas.—North British Mail of Friday.
GROWTR OF COTTON IN INDIA. We understand
that Mr. A. J. Turner has advices from India, stating, on
the authority of the Government collector of the
Dharwar district, that there are at present at lease
20,000 acres of New Orleans seed cotton under cultiva-
tion in that district, and that, had it
notou
deficient fall of rain last monsoon, there w
uletoivnanttiaryn,
idbeheanvfe orbe the
at least 60,000 acres under cultivation.
of of cotton is extending rapidly into the
and also into Belgaum.
k
drag their slow length a.
TYR HONITON BANK.
MtoOryretthheeyacacpopuenatrs,
at a most unsatisfactory
cot?Fors;
---til_The affairs of this bananchester Guardian.vi
emdpoa
pound
ne
dbuit
have
vl
eooatultyo:
apraeceinfovresittisguantefodr, tut nhaesathnomiel
elorianrt4lys
in
hopes and confident expectations of
rdel tunsatTi story
ultimate
twenty
whilstand t the et
hper os sapn :en e
of
an
ther vanished. The official assignee has issued letters
f;oevarious supposed debtors to the amount of 40,000/., of
which he has received about 240/., and in a great number
of instances the answer has been returned that the
parties are creditors instead of del tors.— Western Times.
GREENWICH TIME. About eleven o'clock on
Saturday night our public clocks, according to previous
arrangement, were advanced from local to Greenwich
time—a difference here of 1215 minutes. We perceive
that the change to Greenwich time has been also adopted
in Glasgow, Greenock, Sterling, Perth, &c , and we have
no doubt will be so in all the principal towns in the
united kingdom.—Edinburgh Advertiser.
CONVICTS TOR VAN DIEMEN'S LAND.—Yesterday
the steamer Waterman, No. 10, conveyed from the
Penitentiary, Millbank, to Woolwich, 130 female pri-
soners and 12 children, who are under sentence of
transportation. They were shipped on board the Eliza
cud Henry, hired transport ship, lying off the Royal
Arsenal, ape' will leave in a few days for Hobart TQWD,
Vau Disiglu's Laud.