The Sun.
London, England, 1848-07-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSD EV_ENING, J OLY 20, 1818.

having so long refrained from taking these" decisive
steps. It was a laudable and praiseworthy effort to
govern the couiltry by its ordinary laws. When the
measure was before the Legislature it was declared

that the new enactments would not be re-

sorted to except in cases of overwhelming necessity,
and that pledge has been most honourably and faith-
fully redeemed. We believe that no person, of any
political creed or party, could venture to assert that
the Government are not fully justified in the course
they have so tardily and so reluctantly adopted. Had
there been less excitement in other lands—bad not
a species of insurrectionary epidemic prevailed
throughout the whole of the European continent, it
is more than probable that the temperate, but firm,
administration of Lord CLARENDON would have
restored tranquillity to the island, and that it would
have been chiefly remarkable for the vast improve-
ments effected in the social condition of the country—
the establishment of a more solvent proprietary—a
better description of agriculture, and the gradual
development of every branch of industry by which
that great desideratum, full employment, would have
been afforded to the labouring population. "Sed Diis
outer visum." The great end and object of his
government was frustrated by the momentous events
which, following each other with such unprecedented
rapidity, tested the stability of the domestic institu-
tions of every European nation, shook the several
thrones to their very foundations, and menaced the
existence of the established monarchies. At such a
period, it may readily be supposed that even a more
phlegmatic people than the Irish would have sur-
passed the bounds of sobriety, prudence, and discretion.
An enthusiastic and talented, but most mischievous
man, took advantage of the opportunity to fan the
smouldering fire into a blaze. He cast aside every
species of disguise, openly avowed his hatred to the
English connexion, and almost daily gave undis-
guised expression to sentiments the mere utterance
of which, even in a secret assembly of his co-con-
spirators, would have cost him his life under any other
Government and any other code of laws than that
which it is the boast of Britons to live under. The
idea of repeal was abandoned, or at least was merely
retained for the purpose of maintaining their influence
over the more timid and wavering politicians.
The real object was separation, and the establishment
of an Irish Republic. The transient and evanescent
gleam of sunshine that followed the special com-
missions, when the juries of Limerick, Clare, and
Tipperary so nobly discharged the duty they owed
to their country, too speedily passed away, and the
political horizon again became overcast with clouds
that portended the coming tempest. Plans for the
approaching contest were weekly promulgated in a
journal established for the purpose ; the most ap-
proved weapons of destruction were pointed out; the
praises of the pike—which had attained too painful
a celebrity in the insurrection of 17911 were
chaunted with the utmost enthusiasm, and all classes
were called upon to arm themselves, so as to be ready
to strike a blow against England and the English ,
when the fitting season arrived. The advice so given
was too generally adopted. Clubs were formed for
the purpose of arming and drilling the people. But
still the Government maintained its tranquil position.
The enforcement of an old statute, most properly
brought into operation for the occasion, and the
punishment of a very few of those communicat-
ing or receiving illegal instruction in military tactics,
was sufficient to abate one of those nuisances,
and to prevent the people from plcing at
soldiers without lawful warrant. The assimi-
lation cf the law of England and Ireland,
the reduction of an offence from high treason to more
bumble felony, brought the head and front of the
confederacy within the operation of the law, and
sent him to expiate in exile the crime of which he
had been guilty. Others who attempted to follow in
his footsteps were arrested and committed for trial,
and it was hoped that the examples thus afforded
would be sufficient to restore the general body to
some degree of sanity. But the disease bad taken
too deep a root—the organization was too complete,
and projects were entertained for the rescue of the
prisoners, and an immediate insurrectionary move-
ment, which was only delayed until the progress of
the harvest would provide food for the insurgents,
and funds for the contemplated Provisional Govern-
ment. No course, therefore, remained but one—all
conciliatory means had failed---rmore vigorous steps
were therefore rendered necessary. These have been
taken, and we confidently anticipate that the result
will be the triumph of peace and order, and the
prompt suppression of the insurrection that has vir-
ually existed in Ireland for some months past.

While the attention of Europe has been distracted
elsewhere by more startling occurrences, Germany
has pressed steadily onward towards the settlement of
the great problem of her nationality. The patriotic
war raging in the heart of Lombardy, and on the
frontiers of the Venetian territories, may have been
invested with a more brilliant iclat—the expedition
fitted out for the incorporation of Schleswig with the
neighbouring principality of Holstein may have ap-
peared to be more intimately associated with the for-
tunes of the Confederation—the defensive battles of
Denmark, the slaughter of the insurgents in Paris,
and the massacre of the Neapolitans by the lazzaroni,
were circumstances so astounding in their suddenness,
and in the two latter instances so horrible in their fero-
city, that to the more tranquil observer everything else
sank, fur the time being, into comparative insig-
nificance. Now, however, that the torments of the
late paroxysm appear to be subsiding among the re-
volutionized nations of the continent, we are enabled
to examine with some suitable degree of attention the
less noisy and less ostentatious proceedings which have
recently transpired in the imperial city of Frankfort.
Perhaps in the whole of those extraordinary occur-
rences which have rendered the commencement of
1848 memorable among the most memorable years
since the day of tha Redemption—perhaps in the whole
of those extraordinary occurrences, we say, not one can
be mentioned more remarkable in itself, more invested
with the pomps of that majesty which survives in the
records of the historian, or more calculated to affect,
in a conspicuous manner, the future of the whole of
Christendom, than ;the election, the acceptance, and
the reception of the Archduke JOHN of Austria as
Vicegerent, Protector, or Lieutenant-General of the
great Germanic Confederation. By that momentous
decision on the part of the United Diet of Allemania,
the destiny of its august nationality is determined
either fur good or for evil, There was no longer a
chance for remaining stationary—it had become
necessary for Germany to advance or to retrograde.
And Germany hes advanced. She has advanced at
the bidding of the representatives assembled together
to decide as to the manner and nature of her constitts-
' tion. She has advanced, and at her head—in the van
of that glorious movement—she has placed the Archduke
'Tonal of Austria as her leader, holding aloft in his
hand the bannlerosyint
of GeTican of h
Germany, t thee
utnriioc
n d h
o oua
nr rtede,
black, and god_
glory, and the greatness of the father/ and. On mature
thought we are satisfied that a wiser resolution could
scarcely have been adopted by the Parliament of
those forty kingdoms and principalities. To the
theoretical politician it may seem a feasible idea to
construct out of these numerous and incongruous
state's an elaborate instrument of government which
without jar or hitch, shall exercise imperial authority,
now at Munich, now at Berlin, and now at Vienna,
according as the rulers of Austria, Prussia, and
Bavaria succeed each other in rotation to the diadem
of united Germany.* To the practical statesman,
nevertheless, such hypothetical forms of administration
appear only in their true light, namely, as puzzles,
worthy of examination in a diplomatic thesis, but as
most assuredly unfitted for actual experiment. If it
be only remembered for an instant how enormous
were the responsibilities hanging over the Diet
salemnly congregated under the dome of the cathe-
dral church of St. Paul's, in Frankfort-on-the-Maine,
it will be acknowledged at once that the selection of
the Archduke JOHN as Regulator or Regent of the
Confederation was, all circumstances considered, the
best calculated to lead the common fatherland to se-
curity and happiness. True, the Archduke is no
statesman; neither is he a distinguished soldier, like
his illustrious brother the late Archduke CHARLES,
for it can never be forgotten that while the latter ac-
quired renown, if not victory, in fighting against the
armies of NAPOLEON, the former lost the battle of

" See, for an explanation of this, an ingenious pam-
phlet called IVilo is to b© the Emperor of Germany?"
pp, 32. London, John Onivier, 1848,

Hohenlinden while MOREAU was struggling onward
among the wallies of Switzerland. Beyond this
deficiency in military and administrative genius,
it is, moreover, undeniable that the Archduke
JOHN, the newly-elected Protector of Ger-
many, is to a certain extent incapacitated from
forwarding to the utmost limits the aspirations of his
fellow-countrymen, by the fact of his being no
longer animated by the sanguine and robust tempera-
ment of youth ; Dor the Archduke Joux is an old
man, being now in the sixty-eighth year of his age.
Still his three score years and seven are valuable as
affording a criterion of his character, seeing that
throughout the whole period of his existence he has
maintained the same honourable and enviable repute-

tion, as a large•hearted, liberal-minded, patriotic
German Prince. He has been to the house of
Hapsburg what the late Duke of SUSSEX was
to the house of Brunswick—a lover of demo-
cratic ideas, notwithstanding the blood-royal in
his veins. And in reference to the feeling
with which the uncle of the reigning Empe-
ror of AUSTRIA has always regarded the cosition of
the Germanic nationality, we may mention, as suffi- '
ciently significative, an incident which occurred some
years back at a grand banquet, given in one of the
great cities of the Confederation. Toast after toast
was pledged by the banqueters—" Long live Saxony !"
"Long live Prussia 1" "Long live Bavaria !"—when
at last the Archduke Joan arose, and, lifting his cup
above his head, spoke thus—" Not Long live Saxony !
Long live Prussia ! Long live Bavaria 1 say I—but
Long live our Fatherland—ONE GERMANY !" The
dream of the Archduke is being realised. In his old
age, he is summoned by the voice of that fatherland
to Frankfort-on-the-Maine, and in the streets of that
ancient city of the Emperors he is welcomed as the
first Vicegerent in modern times of that One Ger-
many. As an additional evidence of the sincerity of
his patriotism, the Archduke Jonm has already inau-
gurated his Administration by the nomination of
three liberal statesmen, quite irrespective of country.
He has named ScuratEaraNG (the President of the ex.
Germanic Diet, and Deputy from Austria), Minister

of Foreign Affairs and the Interior; General
PENCKER (Plenipotentiary of Prussia in the Military
Commission of the Diet), Minister of War; and
HEOLSCHER (a converted Jew, and an advocate of
Hamburgh), Minister of Justice. Such has been the
inauguration of the new German nationality; may is
be consolidated in defiance of the jealousies against
which it must inevitably have to contend !

Of the three most.important measures in relation
to Ireland, for the amelioration of the social condition
of that unhappy land, it has been decided that two
are to be postponed until next year, while the assent
of the Lords is, if possible, to be obtained to the
amendments introduced into the Incumbered Es-
tates (Ireland) Bill, which it is hoped may become
the law of the land before the prorogation of par-
'lament. We are by no means disposed to under-
value the beneficial results that may fairly be ex-
pected from the operation of this most salutary
measure, which may be regarded as the master-
key to unlock the industry of the sister-
kingdom, to afford her the blessings of a
solvent proprietary, able to discharge efficiently the
duties incidental to the possession of property, and to
develop the manifold natural, resources of the coun-
try. The fearful incmnbrances by which the exer-
tions of the nominal proprietors are paralysed have
long been regarded by those who have maturely con-
sidered the question as one of the chief evils under
which Ireland has long groaned. Improvements that
would yield a most ample return for the outlay, and
which would afford abundant employment to the
people, have been indefinitely. postponed, because the
overseers of estates have been reduced to the condi-

tion of persons receiving small annuities thereout,
who were unable to apply any portion of their scanty
incomes either to the proper cultivation of the land,
or to the promotion of the prosperity and welfare of the
occupants. Even the unembarrassed holder of an
entailed estate, (and it is, unfortunately, too notorious
that the great majority of lands in Ireland are in-
cluded in settlements which give but life interests to
the inheritors), is seldom enabled to do adequate
justice thereto. He cannot sell any portion
to improve the residue, although such a
disposition may be productive of the greatest benefit,
as well to the portion sold as to that slit fretained, in his
hands. Most probably he has a family of younger
children, who at his death will be reduced to com-
parative penury, and everything he can save from his
annual income is naturally put by, in order to save
those children from absolute poverty, rather than, by
improving the lands, to increase the wealth of his suc-
cessor in the estate. The tenantry then are neglected,
their interests disregarded, and the utmost amount that
can be extorted is unhesitatingly wrung from their
industry. If the tenant is a man of good character,
who keeps his holding in what is termed good heart,
and increases the value of the reversion, he cannot
afford to pay so high a rent as will readily be offered
by a less conscientious person, who will exhaust the
fertility of the lands, and perhaps in a few years
return it greatly depreciated in value to the hands
of the landlord. If pretest income was not the chief
object of the ratter, such a state of things would not
for a moment be tolerated, and other elements would

enter into the calculation besides the amount of rent
promised. But this is not the case. The younger
children unprovided for are the objects of his solici-
tude, and not his heir or his tenantry, and every other
motive is absorbed in the paramount one of making
adequate provision for their wants and exigencies.
If this be the case with the unembarrassed tenant
for life, how much more so is it with one who can
only retain fur his own use a small portion of the pro-
duce of his lands ? Every exertion must be devoted
to keeping down the interest of the charges and in-
cumbrances affecting the property, which, if neglected,
will deprive him even of the scanty subsistence he still
obtains, and transfer his property to the care of a still
worse landlord (for in the lowest depths there is a
deeper still), the Receiver of the Court of Chancery,
who, restricted by the stringent rules and regula-
tions of the Court, endeavours only to collect the
rents, without the slightest consideration for any
improvement, an l only desires to preserve himself
from falling under the censure of the Court, and
being mulcted in heavy costs, for any departure from
that primary object. There are at the present moment
estates producing an annual rental of not less than
one million sterling which have been consigned to
that " slough of despond," and a mere casual traveller
may readily discover in the dilapidated condition
of the buildings, the neglected and uncultivated ap-
pearance of the lands, and the dejected and hopeless
air of the peasantry—the evidences of that untoward
state of affairs—that the property has passed under the
management of the Court of Chancery. When matters
have reached this point there is but one remedy—the
immediate sale of the incumbered estate, or of a suffi-
cient portion thereof to satisfy the incumbrances, and
it is a mercy to all parties concerned, as well to the
incumbrancers as to the broken-down and ruined inhe-
ritor, and still more to the oppressed and impoverished
tenantry, to effect the transfer with the least possible
delay and expense, and also with the greatest possible
security to the purchaser, which improved security
will, at the same time, increase the amount Of the
purchase-money, and diminish the heavy costs so
uselessly expended in the investigation of titles.
Every consideration, therefore, demands that the pre-
sent Bill for the sale of incumbered estates, which
will facilitate these objects, and which, if not perfect
in itself, at least constitutes a good basis for future
legislation, should be passed into law during the pre-
sent session.

It is, however, much to be regretted that the other
measures have been postponed, although for a brief
period. The Landlord and Tenant Bill may be re-
garded as a twin measure, which should have pro-
ceeded par/ passu with that fur the sale of incum-
bered estates. The latter will give a proprietary
able and willing to effect ameliorations, the former
would encourage improvements by the tenantry
themselves, by ensuring to the occupants that they
themselves, or their families, would be pJrruitted to
enjoy the fruits of their industry either in the
shape
n orfy a prolonged tenure of their holdings, or of
compensation if they should be ejected
given to expatiate
pecuniary
therefrom, or their rents unduly raised in consequence
uo fp tolui e itrhoewsmt
jmui
u s ameliorations.tha t
,olut u
thusn n e ce
be
gn to honests sari
industry—the improvement that would thereby be
effected in the condition of the occupiers of land, and,
as a ilitgiral consequence, in the peace and tranquillity

- _ . .

of the kingdom in general. Every man who hail a
claim for unexhausted improvements, would have
given a hostage to the State for the propriety of his
future conduct.

The Bill for the improvement of the elective
franchise in Ireland was, indeed, much needed,
and its withdrawal will occasion much dis-
content, and that at a period when it was
most desirable to avoid every well-grounded
cause of complaint. The proposition of the Chief
Secretary for Ireland was received as an instalment
of justice. It would have considerably enlarged the
number of county electors, who at present are in the
proportion of but one voter to every 123 persons—a
simple fact which will impress upon every mind the
necessity for an alteration without the need of further
argument. We will hope, however, that early in
the ensuing session we shall ace new measures of
reform for the whole of the United Kingdom, which
may go far to remove the present discontent that so
generally prevails amongst the unrepresented portion
of the community.

PASSAGE OF THE PRUTH BY THE
RUSSIANS.

A letter, dated Cronstadt, Transylvania, June 30,
announces, as a p€l6.ive fact, that after the abdication
of Prince BIBESCO, in oonseguence of the defiance of
Russia by the new Wallachian Government, three
regiments of Cossacks and 32 pieces of artillery
crossed the Pruth. The Government of Wallachia
was making great preparations for resistance.

ITALY.
LOMBARDY AND VENICE.

A deputation from Venice arrived on the 11th, at
the head-quarters of CHARLES ALBERT, at Rover-
belle, to announce to him officially the annexation
of Venice and the Venetian provinces to the kingdom
of Northern Italy.

The Italia de Papal° of the 14th says, that it is
reported that the Austrians intend to attack the
line of the Brenta. If they should obtain posses-
sion of Chioggio, Venice will be cut off from her
supply of water.

HOUSE OF LORDS.—(THIS DAY.)
Their Lordships sat to-day to hear appeals. The
Peers present were the Lord C hancellor, Lord Brougham,
and Lord Campbell.
THE MARQUIS OF DREADALBANE V. WGEEGOR.—JUDG•
AtENT.
Their Lordships gave judgment this morning in this
appeal from the decision of the Court. The case
was argued .before their Lordships a week ago, and
the following are the facts out of which the
appeal arose. The proprietors and tenantry northward
of the Grampians, and those dealing with them, have
been in the practice of driving sheep and cattle to and
from the fairs or markets of Scotland and England along
two lines of drove roads. Oue of these likes is through
the Grampians by Drumochter, Athol, and Crieff, and is
used for the cattle and sheep from the counties of
Sutherland and Caithness, and from the northern and
eastern portions of the counties of Ross and Inverness;
the other line is by Glencoe, the Blackmount, and Cal-
lender, and is used for the cattle and sheep from the
western portion of Perthshire, the north and western
portion of Perthshire, the north and western portions
of Argyleshire, and the south and western portions
of the shires of Ross and Inverness, and including
most of the western islands, and even a portion
of Sutherlandshire. This drove road by Glencoe
and the Blackmount was used for driving sheep
and cattle, as above described, long before the public
road was formed, and it has continued to be used down
to the present time in the same way as before. At in-
tervals of about ten miles along these roads there were
resting places for the cattle called stances, fur the use of
which, if they thought fit to use them, the drovers paid
a small acknowledgment. At Inverourau the drove road
leaves the present public read for about two miles. It
runs through the drove stances in dispute, and has been
used as a part of the drove road for the sheep and cattle
from time immemorial. Shortly before 1745 a military
road was, with the necessary engineering deviations,
made under the authority of Parliament, on or
along the line of the former and ancient
drove road, which afterwards became the road
by which the cattle and the sheep were driven.
There are fixed rates of charges for every hundred sheep
and every score of cattle attached to each stance, gene-
rally Is. 6d. for every hundred sheep, and the like for
every score of cattle. The present process relates to a
drove stance on the said drove road by Glencoe and the
Blackmount. The road passed through the property of
the Marquis. The respondents claimed, either as pro-
proprietors or tenants of land situated in the said dis-
tricts, that the Marquis should maintain these stances,
which they maintained had become rights by immemo-
rial usage; but they did not admit that they were bound
to use the stances should they be maintained. The
Marquis was about to make some alteration in his pro-
perty, and proposed to remove the stances at Inverouran.
This would be, to make the day's jour►:ey or travel
for sheep and cattle from Kings-house to Clifton, a
distance of seventeen miles, which it was alleged was
beyond the ph3sical capacity of the animals consistently
with safe and judicious driving. The Marquis insti-
stituted a suit for an interdict to prevent the use of the
place at Inverouran as a stance; the respondents set
up their claim to have it so continued, and the Court
of Session decided in their favour, and from that
decision the Marquis of Breadalbane appealed.
The Lord Chancellor, Lord Brougham, and Lord
Campbell gave their judgments this morning seriatim, at
some length, all concurring in opinion that the inter-
locutor appealed from was incorrect, ordering it to be
reversed, and remitting the case back to the Court of
Session.—Judgment reversed.
NARDIER V. FARMER, AND FULHAM V. WCARTMY.
These two appeals also stood in their Lordships' paper
for judgment, but
The LORD CHANCELLOR postponed going; into them
till Monday.
THE PRINCIPAL ON GLASGOW OOLLEGE V. THE ATTORNEY.-
GENERAL.
Their Lordships were occupied the remainder of the
morning with the arguments in this appeal from the
judgment of the Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce, direct-
ing certain references to the Master. The case appears
lik ly to occupy their Lordships several days.

MIDDLESEX SESSIONS.
(THIS DAY.)
In the case of Mr. Gore, convicted in February of a
nuisance in the parish of St. Luke's,
The ASSISTANT JUDGE stated, that upon his last visit
of inspection to the site of the laystall, he found that
all the rubtAish had been cleared away, and the nuisance
was abated. The defendant might now be discharged
from his bail, on payment of the costs to which the parish
had been put in prosecuting.
Mr. PARRY, on the part of the parish authorities, re-
turned thAnks to the Learned Judge for his energy and
attention in the case, to which the removal of the nui-
sance was mainly attributable
Henry Richardson was indicted for assaulting a police.
man, named lusted, in the execution of his duty.
O'BRIEN stated that he was instructed to forego
the prosecution it .he prisoner would enter into his own
recignizances to keep the peuco.
Mr. WILD, who was for the prisoner, expressed his
regret that he could not persuade his client to agree to
the drat.

The prisoner persisted in refusing tho proffered coin.
promise, although he was strongly advised by Mr.
Clarkson and other barristers, as well as by several per-
sous in the court.

The AssisTANT JUDGE said that he had his option to
escape the risk of a trial, and go out of court upon his
own undertaking that he would behave himself in
future. If the jury should have the trouble of going
into the inquiry and should find him guilty, it would
then be too late to appeal to the Court for mercy.
The prisoner was immoveable, and said " I am not
guilty.: All the witnesses on both sides were ordered
out of court, and the trial proceeded.
The prosecutor slated that on the night of the 27th of
June last, the prisoner and a number of other persons
were making a disturbance outside the D'Oyley Arms
in Leader-street, Marlborough road, Chelsea. The
witness interfered, when he was violently assaulted by
the prisoner, who, in the course of the scuffle, kicked hitn.
Henry Notley, another constable, confirmed the pro-
secutor's evidence.

Four young men who were in the prisoner's company
on the night in question, distinctly contradicted the
statements of the policemen. These witnesses were all
agreed in swearing that the prisoner did not kick the
prosecutor at ull, but that, on the contrary, the latter
pulled him to the ground and dragged him on his back
along the ground for twenty yards in a shameful manner.
The jury, however, found the prisoner guilty, and the
Court sentenced him to six weeks' imprisonment.
Edward Foy was indicted for an assault on John
Richardson, on the 24th of June last.
The prosecutor, who is a musical-instrument•maker,
stated, that on the day named he was passing through
Cromer-street, when the defendant came behind him,
knocked him down, kicked him, and bit him on the
cheek. When the prosecutor was released from him,
the prisoner jumped into a cab and drove off. The
police pursued hum, and he was taken into custody.
It was attempted by Mr. bluar.hat, for the defence, to
get from the prosecutor the admission that he was
a prize-fighter, that he owed money to the prisoner,
that they had a fair stand-up fight. He denied having
had any dealings whatever with the prisoner,
and swore that he knew nothing of any
provocation whatever for the attack. Two
.witnesses
corroborated his statement, but two others swore that
the parties met in Cromer-street, exchanged abusive
language, and then blows.
The ASSISTANT JUDGE, summed up, and the jury
found him Guilty.
The JUDGE, commenting on his conduct with great
severity, sentenced him to be imprisoned two months, to
pay a fine of 251., and to give security himself in 80i.,
and two ethers 401. each, to keep the peace for twelve
months.

LAMBETH.-(THIS DAY.)
Frodsham, was charged before Mr. Norton, the
sitting magistrate with having assaulted several females,
and also the police.

V 206, proved that the prisoner struck him violently
over the left eye, and that he now felt the pain most
acutely.
Other witnesses were examined, one of whom proved
the prisoner offered the policeman ss. to let him off,
which he, of course, refused.
The prisoner, in answer to a question from the magis-
trate, said he had taken too much wine, and did not
know what he was doing.
The magistrate said, being a special constable, that
instead of assaulting the police, he should have been one
to assist in protecting them; he, therefore, must inflict a
fine of 31., or one month's imprisonment.
Several other cases were gone into, but none of any
public interest.

DEATHS FROM DROVNlNG.—Yesterday Mr. W.
Cirter held inquests on the bodies of two youths
of twelve years each. The first case was that of
Thomas Rose, whose father, when living, belonged
to the Second Life Guards. He was drowned whilst
bathing. The second case was that of a lad named
Alexander Lee, of poor parents, who, while swim-
ming a small boat off the timbers at the lower side of
Waterloo- bridge, on Sunday afternoon last, fell into
eight feet of water. Verdicts in both cases " Accidental
death." Upwards of 20 cases of drowning have re-
quired the attendance of coroners and juries on the banks
of the Thames during the present month.
BORING FOR WaTza.--" If you please, Si; the
fan's called again for the water-rate."—/Psessh.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL INEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO ; !MEE
The Cotton Market at Liverpool yesterday was very
brisk, sales 6,000 to 7,000 bales. American realised 3d.
to 54d. per lb. The Railway Share Market opened
with gr€at spirit, and prices wer • generally higher.
The Britannia steamer has nut brought yet the rati-
fication of the Mexican treaty, but the delay excites no
uneasiness, because it arises simply from the non-arrival
of the gentleman officially charged in the matter. The
latest items of commercial interest from New York ap-
pear to be these:—
" The commercial 'classes are comparatively easy in
all their financial affairs, and the demand does not come
from them, neither is there any steady natural demand
from any source of any importance ; but it is the im-
mense amount of capital locked up that creates the strin-
gency so much complained of during the past week or
two. The payments in the shape of interest on Go-
vernment and State loans, dividends from incorporated
companies, and the liquidation of loans falling due, in
connexion with the large sums called in on account of
loans just created, have rewired a larger amount of
money than ever known at any previous period within
the history of the country. The temporary withdrawal
of such a largo sum from the usual channels of trade,
could not but have produced a temporary stringency in
the market, and it is probable that its duration will not be
long enough to create any very serious embarrassment
in commercial circles.
" It will be perceived that the shipments of specie for
the month have been nearly equal to those of merchan-
dise. The exports to Great Britain have been about 50
per cent. of the aggregate, and the balance has been
divided in small sums in shipments to other countries.
The shipments, including specie, have been large for the
month; but the excess bus been in the precious metals.
The value of merchandise exported in June was 109,332
dollars less than in May, and of specie 377,281 dollars
less. The amount of specie exported in the first six
months of 1848 was 7,926,454 dollars, and of merchan-
disc 14,558.316 dollars, making an aggregate of
22,484,,770 dollars.
The sales of Wheat last week in the towns which
regulate the duties were 113,478 quarters.
The Indigo sales were brought to a close yesterday
afternoon, and went oil' much better than was expected,
seeing the general badness of trade. Good and fine
shipping went at 2d. to 3d. per lb. lower, and Madras
good and fine 2cle. to 3d. per lb. higher.
The Public Securities have been very agitated again
this morning, and there is an extensive speculative
business doing. Consols have been 87/ to 871 for
Transfer, and 871 to 4 for Account. Exchequer-bills 495.
to 535, premium. New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents.
871 to 88. Bank Stock 198 to 199.
Spanish Five per Cents. are 114, the• Three per Cents.
22, and Portuguese Focr per Cents. 171 to 1. Brazilian
small stock is at 71, and Chilian Three per Cents. are
at 40. Mexican Bonds have realised 164 to 171. Dutch
Two and•a-Ilalf per Cents. have been 441 to 45.
Railway Shares have been
.all flatter under the infiu-
ence of the share decline.

ONE CLOSING
exicEs OF BRITISLI FUNDS, O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Bank Stock ......198 199 199
3 per Cent. Reduced Anns .. 8714143/4 87%
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities B7 91/.a JAN 873/4
New 314 per Cent. Anu5....... BB 87% 88 873/4 881/s
;,ong Arms. to expire Jan. 1860
India Stock 238 240 240
India Bonds, 1,0004
Ditto under 1,C301.... .....
Consols for Account...
Exchequer Bills. 214 d.
1,0001. June ..... ...........
1,0001. March ......
Small, June
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. ONE
O'CLXS.

.
53 p
48 p
CLOSING
rRIcES.

Brazilian Bonds .
Ditto, Small... ... 71 71
Mien Bonds 6 per Cent...... —
Ditto, 3 per Cent ,... 40 40
Danish Bonds, 1825, 3 per Cent... 70
Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1846 16% 17 17 W 3
17 16% 171/4 17%
Ditto, Account
Portuguese 5 per Cents. —
Ditto. 3 per Cent 1714% 17%
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
1l
Ditto, Account — 2
Ditto, Passive
Ditto, 3 per Cent —
Ditto, Account ... 22
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch 21/2 per Cent., 12 Guild.... 44% 54 45
Ditto. Account ....••
Ditto. 4 Per Cent. Certificates ....-

PRICES OF BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RAILWAY SHARES. PAID. AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Aberdeen.
Amber.. Nott., Boston,
and Eastern. Junction 33/4.•-••
Ayrshire and Galloway.. 21it
Belfast & County Down 16 -
Birmingham and Ox-
ford Junction .... ... 20
Birmingham, Wolver-
hampton, and Dudley 10 .....
Birming.,Wolverla'pton,
and Stour Valley 121. 4s ...
Birkenhead, Lancashire,
anti Cheshire J inv.,— 10
Boston, Stamfd & Birm. 5
Bristol and Exeter B5
Ditto, Thirds ... 25 -
Buckinghamshire... 14/. 4.,
Caledonian ^ 50 2B 281 28 281/2 28V2
Ditto, Half Shares .. ei
Ditto,Clydesdale June 50
Chester and llol) head... 421/.4 221,4
Ditto, Preference l5 ......
Clarence
Do. Ist Class, 6 per Ct. 10
Do. 2.1 Class, 5 per Ct. 10 - •• •
Do. Government Loan,

4 per Cent. .. lO ......
Direct London & Ports-
mouth
Dublin and Belfast June 3O
Dundalk & Enniskillenl7,4
East Anglia, 251., L. &
E. and L. and D...... 25 ..- —
_ _

Do., 181., E. & H.... 18
Do., 3/. 10s.
Eastern Counties
Do. New Guaranteed
6 per Cent. ..... ..... 2% ...... 3% li •
Ditto, Extension, 5 per
Cent., No. 1a.... 6/. 13s. 4d....
Ditto ditto, No. 2...61. 13s. 4d...
Do. North. & Eastern 50
Do., 5 per cent.
Do. Quarters
Do. New
Eastern Union, Class A
(late E. U. Shares) 25
Ditto, Class A. ditto.... 1
Ditto, Class 'B
(L &
and B.) 2O
Ditto, Class C, ditto... 171..•
1)0. Scrip (G percent.) 10
Ditto, ditto
Ditto (C. & E.) guar.
5 per cent. .... ...... 2% -
East Lancashire
Ditto, New
• Ditto, New Quarters 6/......
Do., 6 per Cent. Pre-
ference Quarters ... 21A 2%
East Lincolnshire ...... 201/i —
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 ...... •
Ditto, Half Shares ... 15 .. ..
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12% —
Edinburgh and Northern 25
Ditto, New.. 6l — ••...•.•.•...•.
Ditto, Newport l3
Ditto, ditto, New 33i. ••••
Exeter,Yeovil, & Dorch. 2%
Ditto, New ... 2% .. ..
Gla.gow, Dumfries, and
Carlisle
Glasguw,Kilmar., & Ayr 50 ......
Ditto, New ... .-. 40
Do.Preterenee Consol. 15
Great Northern
Do., London and York 2%......
t;reat South. and West.

143/4

714

26%

......_ ...._ _
( Ireland) ... 441,2...... 26%4
Great Nort'a of Englaud.loo ......
Ditto, New, 404 ..... ... 15 •••••••••••••••
Ditto, New, 30/......... 30
Ditto, New, 151 lll- .. ......... ......
Great Western 9O ... - . ..... ...
Ditto, 1,.'2 Shares 5O ......
Ditto, 14 Shares
Ditto, Eifthi 2O
Ditto, New 171. . 13 ... .. ..
Huddersfield and Manch. 28
Ditto, Thirds - -
Hull and Selby .. ...... 50 ...... -
Ditto, Half Shares ... 25
Ditto, 1% Shares -
Lancaster and Carlisle... 50 ......
Ditto, Thirds
Lancashire & Yorkshire 93 -
Ditto, ditto
Ditto, 1/2 Shares ...... 43 ... ..
Do. Quarter Shares... 17% lB% ....- ..... ....
Do. Fifths.- ... ; .... .... 9
Do. Sixteenths 614 —
Do. Thirds (11eg.)..... 13 .....
Do. New, Gua.6 per ct. 2% ...... 3
. _

13%
7%

Do. Liverp. and Bury 43. ...•••
Ditto % (late Hud-
derelict(' and Sbeff.) 38 .....• •' .....

Do.(Wakefie!d,Ponte-
tract, and Goole) ... 50 ......
Do.( W. Riding Union) 6 .. ••• --
-"•••••••••
Do. (Preston & Wyre) 25 ......
D 0.% Shares (A)... 914.--
Leeds and Bradford...... 50 ......
Leeds, Dewsbury, &c..... 50 ••••• •
Do., Half Shares ...... 221 A.•.—. ......
Do., (blue) Scrip...—. 2%... .. ""
...... ........
Leeds and Thirsk ..... .45 ...... _.
..... ...... 30
Ditto, New.
Do., Prefer.,
Crosbyefer.,6p anerCd%. t. 3.....
Liverpool,
Southport . ........... .. 314
Liverp., Manchester, and
Newcastle Junction... 21,4 —
London & Black wa11...13/. 6s. 8d....
Do. Extension • • ... 22%,1..... ....•
London, Brighton, and
South Coast ........ 50
Do. Consol. Eighths. 40
Do.Guarant.s per ct..., 9
Do. Pref. Con. 5 per et. 50 .. ... ..
Ditto. ditt0...... 1852 50 —
Ditto, New 51., guar.
6 per cent. .. 2 ......
London and Greenwich 12/15s 4d...
.
Ditto, Preference... 18, 17s 2d...
London and N. Western 100 .....1:6 1261 125% 126%
Do. Quarters (L.& B.) 22
Ditto, New
8 7
Ditto, Fifths .........2 .. 78, / 8%
Do. 4t L Shares(L. M.) 20 •••• -
/4., ••• • •—• 7%
MOM
Do. 101. (M. & B.) A. 9
...•
Do. 10/. (M. & B.) B. 9
Do. 101. (M. & B.) C. 1 .....
........ •••• .
Lon I. &S. W stern 5O
Do. Now 501. ... ..... 4214..
Do. New a.
-
Do. Tenths (ConsoL) 50 - ••• •... •••••• --
Ditto ditto ),...12,.• 10 -
?•