The Sun.
London, England, 1848-03-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THUIISDAY

ner into a compulsory obedience, the Count DE
NEUILLY might at this moment have been re-
creating himself in the pleasure-gardens of
Saint Cloud. Geographically, however, Paris
was sheltered from that obstruction, and not
only geographically, but moral and physically.
The zegis of French liberty was—first, the moral
puissance of the nation, and, secondly, its physical
position and dimensions. Those were the grand and
insurmountable obstacles to our interference with the
internal administration of the late monarchy. It is
preposterous to say that under all circumstances
England would have refrained from meddling with
the legislation of that country. Had France con-
tained, like Portugal, only just 40,000 square miles,
peopled by very little beyond 3,000,000 inha-
bitants, we question whether our diplomatic relations
with the Provisional Government installed by an in-
surgent populace would have been characterised by so
much cordiality as that recently evinced by our Am-
bassador towards the Republican Ministers at the Hotel
de Ville. Especially should we regard this friendly
bearing as questionable had our dynastic ties with
Louis PHILIPPE been (under those statistical circum-
stances) as intimate as they are with MARIA DA
GLORIA. In abort, there were two inducements to
our maritime interference with the political affairs of
Portugal, namely, the impotence of the mili-
tary and naval forces of that unfortunate
kingdom when contrasted with our own, and above
all, the regal accident of a relationship between the
reigning families—one of those malign accidents
which have so very frequently embroiled the most
amicable races of Christendom.

'We have already observed that Portugal will
speedily have an opportunity of redeeming its abused
constitution. We repeat that assertion. England
can no longer spare so many ships and so many
seamen for the bolstering up of a rotten cause
at Lisbon. England can no longer afford to
"onsmit an injustice upon the Tagus 1 The
embarrassments of her revenue compel her
to retrench her expenditure as much as possible ;
and, beyond this, the extraordinary events at this pe-
riod transpiring throughout the continent, together
with the insufficiency of our insular defences, enforce
upon England the necessity of drawing homewards
the splendid squadron which has been shamefully
upholding Queen MARIA DA. GLoara. Al-
ready that squadron is preparing for its departure fur
our shores ; already the note of preparation has
sounded on board the Comet, the St. Vincent,
ths• Howe, the Queen, the Canopus, the
Amphion, the Dragon, and the Scourge. SIR
' CHARM'S NAPIIIR will soon be relieved from
his rather questionable responsibility as the
maritime crutch of the CABRAL,. Then it is that
Portugal will have its opportunity. Then it is that
the people may relieve themselves from the incubus
of a corrupt and demoralising Government, as well as
from a perfidious and unprincipled SO/MMON. If the
Portuguese only act with the resolution and the
unanimity recently displayed by the Parisians, they
may emerge from the conquest of their freedom un-
sullied by a crime. They may drive forth the CABRALS
as GUILOT was driven forth from the Hotel des
Affaires Etrangkes in the disguise of a lacquey—
they may rid themselves as easily of a monarch upon
whom no reliance can henceforth be placed as the
French democrats relieved themselves from the Mo-
narch of the Barricades.

Because the insurgents of Portugal were unsuc-
cessful, they were stigmatised as rebels, and because
those of Paris were triumphant, they have been eulo-
gised as patriots. DAS ANTIS and SA DA BANDEDIA
failed in their prolonged and valorous exertions, and
they were treated as criminals worthy of imprison-
ment and expatriation. LAITAILTINE and LBDRU-ROL-
LIN, on the contrary, realised their dreams in a single
afternoon, and they have been justly applauded as the
political saviours of their country. The long struggle
of 1846 dwindled down into the insignificance of a
revolt in the estimation of those who prevented its
accomplishment ; whereas the brief struggle of the
three days in the February of 1848 has expanded
into the grandeur of a revolution. Let us not deceive
ourselves by these appearances. There is as much
cause for a catastrophe in Lisbon as there ever was
in Paris—only the Portuguese are compelled to tarry
tor the opportunity.

It was the Honourable Member for Canterbury, if
we mistake not—himself one of the most promising
of our young authors—who some time back insti-
tuted a comparison between the position of literary
men in England and in other nations. He remarked,
more especially, the number of official posts that in
foreign countries were occupied by men eminent in
literature ; for example, in calling over the list of
foreign Ambassadors, and inquiring as to who was
each individual representative, the answer was almost
invariably " a man who had risen by his pen." The
position occupied just now by literary men in France
is certainly a very brilliant and a very honourable
one. Almost every important post in the new
Government is filled by "a man who has
risen by his pen." Not that we mean to
insinuate that it is to the pen alone that any one of
those individuals is indebted for his present pre-emi-
nence. It is not the sublime imaginings of the poet,
it is not the graceful eloquence of the historian, it is
not the earnest vehemence of the essayist, that have
Invested LAMARTINE and his confreres with their
present influence in the councils of the world. That
influence is alone attributable to the high principles
by which their genius was at once animated and in-
spired. Nevertheless, admitting this, we must also
acknowledge that in :their persons, as well as
in many other instances, literature and literary
men arc highly honoured in foreign nations. And every
new attestation of this fact increases our anxiety that
England also—England, so justly celebrated for the
genius of her children should become in like
manner remarkable in honouring and reverencing
those who have " risen by the pen." Happily in this
respect, as a nation, we are improving. Although
during the last few years we have had occasion to
lament the death of many gifted men, and not only,
and not so much, their death itself, but that death
being accompanied by most distressing circumstances
—poverty and misery to themselves in their last
inoments, and utter destitution to those whom they
left behind; although we have had too often
ccasion to lament such sad casualties, we
have also been repeatedly rejoiced by some
immediate and adequate relief, either by Government
donation or public subscription, being bestowed upon
their unhappy survivors. We, will not pause to in-
quire why such assistance should be so absolutely
required—why, if the labourer be worthy of his hire,
and if a fair day's wages be the meed of a fair day's
work, the man of letters, whose labour is of the most
arduous and unremitting kind, and whose produc-
tions are, in many instances, invaluable, delighting

his countrymen in his own day, and enriching his
country ever after—we will not now pause to inquire
why he, of all others, should reap least benefit from
his exertions, and why he should be enabled to leave
his children nothing but the heritage of his name.
If it must be so, society does well—society who
inherits the treasures the man of genius has created
—.society does well in constituting itself the guardian
and protector of his orphans. The children of Hoof:),
the children of Heliport, and many others similarly
unfortunate, were indebted for their entire subsistent
to the charity, or may we not rather say the justice,
of the public. Another group of orphans now claim
the same care. In another column will be found
a letter from GEORGE GaLrfmArt—himself very
honourably known in the literary world—announcing
the death of the Weaver Poet, WILLIAM THOM,
of In v-erury, and telling how his widow and
young children are left in utter destitution.
The history of WILLIAM Taw& has been for
some time familiar with the public. It consti-
tutes one of the most interesting, but, at the same
time, most melancholy chapters in the momentous
history of the struggles of genius and the trials of
poverty. THOM'S troubles, however, were greater
than those usually experienced by poets, but then he
was not only a poet, be it remembered, but a weaver
—a hand-loom weaver at a period when the use of
machinery had rendered such an employment a
most unprofitable one. His life was an alterna-
tion of most laborious exertion and most abject
penury. What time or what inclination could he
have to cultivate the Muse ? She visited and con• I
soled him in his troubles nevertheless. The faint
sparks of the " celestial fire" cheered the gloom of
his denlittion, his labours at the loom were animated

by the chaunting of fragments of his songs. These
songs attracted public attention. THOM was hailed
as a new poet—a second BURNS. His prospects
brightened for a while—nevertheless he is gone—he has
obtained no guerdon but celebrity. We feel confident
that all who may have perused his most eventful and very
interesting autobiography, prefixed to the volume of
his poems, all who have there sympathised with his
exceeding sufferings, and respond to his earnest in-
terrogations when alluding to his own afflictions,
" Who are they that beat about the regions of fancy
for materials to move a tear ?"—all again who ever
admired the simplicity, and pathos, and genuine
heartinesx of his poems, will, we are confident, be
anxious to give their mite towards maintaining the
orphans of the poet. Let it not be objected that the
writings of WILLIAM THOM—a collection of songs
and short poems—are of a trivial and insignificant
character, unworthy of any public recompense. Let
it be remembered that, among the poor especially,
the song is the best vehicle for conveying our senti-
ments. As an illustration of the invaluable blessings
conferred by the song-writer, we transcribe the fol-
lowing description, from the autobiography of THOM,
of the effect which the singing of verses produced on
the labour of the desponding and poverty-stricken
weavers :

"Ohl how they did ring above the rattling of a hun-
dred shuttles! Let me again proclaim the debt we owe
those Song Spirits, as they walked in melody from loom
to loom, ministering to the low-hearted ; and when the
breast was filled with everything but hope and happiness,
and alt but seared, let only break forth the healthy and
vigorous chorus A man's a man for a' that,' the fagged
weaver brightens up. His very shuttle skytes boldly
along, and clatters through in faithful time to the tune
of his merrier shopmates! Who dare measure in doubt
the restraining intiuence of these ♦ery Songs? To us
they were all instead of sermons. Had oae of us been
bold enough to enter a church, he must have been
ejected for the sake of decency. Church bells rang not
for us. Poets were indeed our Priests. But for those,
the last relic of our moral existence would have surely
passed away 1"
Well might the poor weaver exclaim, in a paroxysm
of poetic despondency —" Church bells rang not for
us. Poets were indeed our priests. But for those,
the last relic of our moral existence would have
surely passed away I" Yes ; it was only through the
fitful glimmering of their rhythm that the lights
of religion were to be distinguished; it was only by
weaving songs together to the measured whirr of the
shuttle that the last vestiges of their spiritual recti-
tude were to be preserved. To Tuost especially, and
to his associates, the solemn refrain of industry was
applicable :

" Ever to toil,
Ever to moil,
That is our social charter.
With city slave,
Or rustic serf,
The worker is the martyr."

A letter from Amsterdam, dated Tuesday evening,
states, that on that day, at an early hour in the
forenoon, the KING summoned the President of the
Second Chamber of the States- General to the palace
at the Hague, and declared to him that having learned
that the project of law for the modification of the
Fundamentol Pact presented to the Legislative
Chamber a few days ago, had failed to satisfy the
wishes of the people, he was desirous that the Cham-
ber itself should take the initiative, and propose to his
MAJESTY all those changes and reforms in the govern-
ment of the people and the fundamental law which
it might deem necessary and expedient, and that his
MAJESTY would agree to all their proposals. _

His MAJESTY at the same time declared that he
had adopted this sudden change of policy without
the knowledge of his Ministers! The Cabinet has
resigned, as a matter of course, and a new Ministry
is about to be formed on a Liberal basis. MU.
LuzAc and THORBECILB are mentioned as likely to
take a leading part; they are both men of tried
Liberal opinions, and their names sufficiently gua-
rantee the future policy of the Government. The
Count VAN SCHIMMEL-PBNNINCK, Ambassador at the
Court of London, is also mentioned as a Minister
in posse.

The concession of the KING has not only caused
universal joy, but already produced a sensible effect
on the prices of stocks, an authentic list of which we

subjoin :
DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTERDAM, TUESDAY, MARCH 14,
FIVE P. 31 —Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents,, 44 454
441; ditto Four per Cents., 66 67 67; ditto Three per
Cents., .50i 51 50i; ditto Syndicsat, Three-and-a-Half
per Cent., 66 ; Dutch Society of Commerce, 132 134.
Spanish Five per Cents., 101 101; ditto Interior, 18i
18k- 181; ditto Passive, 3 3i. Portuguese Three per
Ceatt., 151 4; ditto Four per Cent., 161 17. Russia,
Rope, Five per Cent., 90 91 ; ditto, ditto, Four per
Cent., 694 4; ditto, Stieglits and Co., Four per Cents.,
68k 69. Austrian, Mettulick, Five per Cents., 68} ;
ditto, ditto, Two-and-a-Half, 33i 35. Mexico, 14 ¢ ;
Peru, 131 14 ; Grenada, 161 17 161.

At Warsaw the censorship prohibited the mere
mention of the events of which France is the theatre.
The Warsaw Gourrier of the 2d instant, states—
" Count MOLE 13 charged with the formation of a
new Cabinet." March Sd—" The Chamber of Peers
was occupied on the 22d and 23d of February, with
different petitions." 4th and sth of March—Not a
word of France.

At Posen the news produced a sensation impossible
to describe. Nevertheless, an insurrection was not
considered imminent, the people being determined to
wait calmly the development of erents.

It is said that the Hungarian troops have been
ordered to quit Lombardy, as they had exhibited a
disposition to fraternise with the people. There
were rumours that Milan was in open revolution, and
had been bombarded by the Austrians, but they were
not credited.

The Lega ltaliana has advices from Milan to the
7th. Count Si.Atm, the Governor, who has been re-
called, was on the point of leaving. Forty pieces of
heavy artillery left for Pavia on the evening of the
6th. General RADETZLI is reported to have read
an order of the day to his officers, announcing his
intention of entering Piedmont on the 10th or 15th.
The citadel of Milan is strongly fortified, and fifteen
guns are pointed towards the city. The same letter
says that at a dinner given by the General toasts were
drank in honour of the future conquests.
The Duke of PARMA has openly expressed his dis-
approbation of the constitution granted by the King
of SARDINIA to his people. He has issued a decree
reinstating lotteries in his dominions.
Accounts from Turin, of the 10th, state that on the
previous evening the new Prime Minister, the Mar-
quis LAURENT PARETO, arrived from Genoa, and it
was reported that the following would be the compo-
sition of the Ministry :
Count BALso, Foreign Affairs and President
of the Council.
M. LIST, War.
M. SELOPIS, Justice.
M. Glum°, Public Instruction.
M. PARETO, Interior.
M. Ricci, Public Works.
M. Cevous, Finances.
The Jews of Turin have requested to be permitted
to serve in the Civic Guard.

Don CARLOS, of Spain, has announced his intention
of leaving Genoa for the purpose of joining the Duo
DE BORDEAUX at Venic•.

There were some alight disturbances at Ghent on
the 13th, occasioned by popular manifestations against
the Jesuits, but tranquillity was speedily restored,
and the kingdom of Belgium is now as quiet as the
kingdom of England.
M. Saanumax, the Minister from the French Pro-
visional Government to Belgium, was received by the
Minister of Foreign Affairs oa the 14th.

The Prussian Universal Gazette publishes the fol-
lowing letter, dated Vienna, the 7th instant :
Yesterday the Association of Austrian Industry
held a meeting, at which the Archduke FRANCIS
CHARLES and several other Archdukes assisted. The
following address to the EMPEROR was adopted :

" Extraordin•try events have taken place in the west
of Europe. Public credit is shaken; manufactures are
at a stand, and danger is imminent. A firm adhesion to
the Governme'at, and a close alliance between Austria
and the rest of Germany, can alone re-establish the con-
fidence which heretofore existed. This association,
consequently, gives your Majesty the assurance that all
Its members are ready to devote themselves for the
dynasty, inasmuch as they are convinced your Majesty
will adopt the wisest measures to prevent the evils with
which we are: menaced."

The Archduke FRANCIS CHARLES replied as fol-
.ows

" I thank you in the name of his Majesty for this ma-
nifestation. and I shall communicate it faithfully to the
Emperor, folc we have never doubted of 'the fidelity of
which you hkTfjUlt iiTei a proof. Yet, we genet remain

firmly united in order to obtain the object we desire. It
is a happiness for me to be amongst yi,u."
The Official Gazette of Vienna of the 10th contains
the following :—" In presence of the important events
which have been accomplished, his MAJESTY feels
himself called upon to explain the position in which he
stands, as regards what has taken place, and as
regards the future depending upon the decrees of
PaovaLENCX. His MAJESTY hopes that these words will
rectify the erroneous ideas and false interpretations
which may arise out of useless alarm. His MAJESTY
considers the change of government in France as a
matter entirely confined to that country. Austria is
far from wishing to interfere, mediately or imme-
diately, in the affairs of France. His MAJESTY con-
siders it to be his duty to protect within his own
states the institutions, the rights of labour, and the
prosperity of the people entrusted to his care. MS
MAJESTY will know how to fulfil this duty, even
in the present political state of the world. But if,
contrary to all expectations, the existing treaties,
or the frontiers of the empire or of the Germon
Conferation, were threatened by the enemy, his
MAJESTY will repel such aggressions with all the
means PitoviDsNCE has placed at his dis-
posal. In these difficult times the resolution of his
MAJESTY is to use all his efforts to make Austria
strong at home and respected abroad. But he will,
at the same time, and with the same energy, be
watchful that there be no attempt that may throw
this empire, so blessed by Heaven, into anarchy, or
deliver it up an easy prey to the attacks of an enemy.
To attain these ends, devoted as he is to the good of
his subjects, the EktrEaoa relies upon the confidence
and energetic concurrence of his faithful States,
which hold to the maintenance of law and order, and
they should, in these times of agitation, calculate
upon the consequences which any opposite step must
inevitably produce."
A letter from Vienna of the 4th states, that for
some days past a sort of constitution had been talked
of, on the model of the Prussian United Diet. It is
said that the Councillor of State, M. VON PIPITZ
is charged with the elaboration of the scheme,
which after having been revised by the Baron
PlLLAusuourr, will be submitted to the Council
of State. The constitution will be common to
all the hereditary states of Germany; but Italy will
not be allowed to participate in the benefit until all
uneasiness respecting the disposition of the people of
that country towards Austria has been allayed.
The BoersenAalle of the 9th says—

" We learn from a credible source that a Congress
of German Sovereigns will assemble at Dresden, at
the instigation of Prussia and Austria, to deliberate
on the internal and external situation of the coun-
try, but rejecting at the same time all idea of ag-
gression."
Insurrectionary movements have, it is said, taken
place among the peasants in Darmstadt and Baden.
Every where the German Sovereigns appear to be
making concessions to the people. Among the
people themselves there is but one feeling as to the
necessity of peace with France. In the event of a
war, say the Germans, Germany must ally herself
with France against Russia.
Under the date of Breslau, March 9, the latest
number of the Breslau Gazette says :—'The rumours
of the death of the Emperor of RUSSIA have hitherto
found but little credence here. But the report is
circulated to-day in so positive a manner, and is ac-
companied by so heavy a fall in Russian securities,
that we cannot pass it by in silence."

Madrid papers of the 9th have arrived.

A letter from CArthagena, of the 6th, says—

" On the evening of Saturday last, the 4th instant,
about four o'clock, a French
.steamer-of-war, called, I
think, the Solon, and which attends on the Prince de
Joinville, came into this harbour. The captain sent a
message immediately to the Consul to come off, but
the etiquette being that an officer of his rank should
come ashore and wait upon the Consul, the latter de-
clined to accede to the message under the pretext of
illness. A second message immediately arrived at the
Consulate, in compliance with which the Consul instantly
went off and found on board the Duke d'Aumale and the
Prince de Joinville, with their wives and children, with-
out aides-de-camp or retinue beyond, I believe two or
three servants. Having received the intelligence in Africa
of the occurrences in Paris, they immediately left and
came here for more specific intelligence. All being con-
firmed by the information of the Consul, in a very few
hours the steamer weighed anchor, and stood away for
the westward, destined for England
have likewise heard, that on the arrival of the news in
Algiers the army and the squadron there were anxious
to espouse the the cause of the fallen Princes in opposi-
tion to the nation, and wished to pronounce in that
sense, but the Princes having opposed the perilous step,
they yielded to their fate without involving in it any
whom personal attachment might have induced to share
their fortune or sustain their cause."

MADRID BOLSA, MARCH 9.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 24k on the Bourse, and at 25 after the
Buurse ; the Five per Cents. at 14i to 141.

THE LATE MEETING IN TRA-
FALGAR. SQUARE.
TO THE EDI FOR OF THE SUN.
Sin,— I beg to transmit the enclosed resolutions
adopted at our last meeting of the City and Finsbury
locality of the National Charter Association. If you
can insert them in your highly valuable paper you will
confer a favour on,
Yours respectfully,
ALFRED FENNELL, Sec.
March 14, 1848.

Moved b)lMr. D. Gover, and seconded by Mr. Cater—
" That this meeting repudiate all connexion with the
meeting in Trafalgar-square, and hold no connexion
with Mr. Cochrane; but, on the contrary, regarding him
as a man not to be trusted by the Chartist body, we
therefore took no part in the proceedings of that meet-
ing; and consider the subsequent destruction of property
as chargeable to his account, and as di,gracetul to all
parties concerned in such wanton mischief."—Supported
by Messrs. Allnutt and Salmon; carried unanimously.
Moved by Mr. Gover, and seconded by Mr. Elijah
Nobbs—
" That a copy of this resolution be forwarded to Mr.
Cochrane and to such of the press as the secretary may
think fit to bend it."—Carried unanimously.
Moved by Mr. Gover, and seconded by Mr. Fennell—
" That the conduct of the police force last week, i❑ in-
discriminately attacking women and children in Tra-
falgar• square and neighbourhood, was most disgraceful,
aid brutal in the extreme; and this meeting regret that
the guardians of the peace did not attempt to preserve
the peace in a milder manner on that occasion."—Car-
ried unanimously.

REGIMENTAL ABUSE.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR; I copy the following from a local paper of the
19th inst. :
' " The Colonelcy of the 71st Foot, vacant by the death
of Sir Thomas Reynell, has been conferred on Lieute •
nant-General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, K.C.8., who
vacates the Colonelcy of the 9th Foot, which has been
bestowed on Major-General Sir Archibald hope, K.C.8."
All the above persons were and are personally un-
known to me, and, therefore, I only intend to speak of
the system.
Each of the Colonels of regiments receives about 1,0004
a year for doing nothing, which is, in some way or other,
saved out of the money granted by Parliament for the
maintenance of the regiment. He has nothing to do,
nor indeed is it necessary for him ever to see the corps.
This is an abuse which ought to be remedied ; if 1,0001.
a year can be spared out of the money granted for the
expenses of the regiment, and given to a gentleman who
does nothing for it, it is clear that more money is granted
for each regiment than is necessary.
By inserting the above in your independent paper,
you will oblige,
Sir, your obedient servant.
Lewes, March 13,
W. H.

The Earl of Auckland received last evening at his
official residence in the Admiralty, Lord Elphinstone,
Lord de Manley, Lady Afslet, the Hon. Captain Eden,
Captain Erskine, the Hos. Mr. and Mrs. Osborne, Lady
Ashley, &c.
ROYAL HUMANE SOClETT.—Testerday the annual
festival in aid of the funds of the above society took
Place at Freemasons' Hall. The Duke of Norfolk took
the chair, supported by the Earl of Arundel and Surrey,
the Bishop of Madras, the Dean of Westminster, B.
Hawes, Esq., M.P., and about 200 gentlemen, supporters
of the society, or guests invited in consequence of their
successful exertions in saving human life. From the
report, it appeared that during the past season 22,500
persons had ventured on the ice in the parks, and that
out of that number nineteen were immersed in the
water, but subsequently saved by the exertions of the
men in the employment of the Humane Society. A
long list of subscriptions was read, the sum total of
which amounted to nearly 6001. On " The Health of
the Members of the House of Commons" being proposed,
the Earl of Arundel and Surrey returned thanks, but
pointed out Mr. B. Hawes as the most distinguished
Member of the House present. He mid that if gentle.
men present had witnessed the reception which his Ho-
nourable Friend had that morning received on his return
to the House, they would have no hesitation in selecting
the most distinguished Member present to return thanks
for the House of Commons. Mr. B. Hawes being loudly
called for said, that the fact of his having a seat in the
House of Commons was mainly owing to the letters of
recommendation which his Noble Friend had sent to the
Roman Catholic clergymen in Kinsale and its neigh-
bourhood. 'The usual procession of persons saved from
drowning then took place, after which the honorary
medals were distributed,

IL, FRENCH REPUBLIC.

PROCEEDINGS AT PARIS.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday-.

The National announces that the electiLn of officers
of the National Guard of Paris has been postponed
from the 18th to the 22d ult., in consequence of the
time originally fixed on not being sufficient fur the
fusion of the companies of grenadiers and voltigeurs
into the battalions, for the division of the legions into
eight companies. The public attention is now prin-
cipally occupied by the approaching elections for the
National As,embly. In Paris the election of the old
and trusted Republican candidates is certain, but
fears are entertained that in the provinces counter-
revolutionary candidates may be returned. Intrigues
are already at work in the southern provinces to
secure the return of members of the retrograde
party.

The Reprine, which is the organ of M. LEDIII3
ROLLIN, has the following on this subject :
" The general elf ctions are to commence in a month.
Are vk e prepared ? If the multiplied and forcible ac-
tion which causes us to live a century per day in Paris
has nut permitted us hitherto to organize the propaganda
of the Republic in our departments, what are the means
of conduct to be practised iu order to prevent the Re-
public from being buried in the ballot box of the coun-
ter-revolution ? Those are the two questions which
are to be solved ; and time presses, for our adversaries
are labouring with formidable activity. They have not
to bear the weight of a Government. They are using
the peace proclaimed by us on the day following the
battle, to the prejudice of our principles and against the
people's victory I Under these circumstances, are we
prepared for the contest of candidates and of doc-
trines? We are prepared at Paris, where the recol
lection of the barricades protect us—where the press and
the clubs are agitating—and where the Government is
labouring with a degree of zeal which sometimes leads
them astray, but which is performing miracles. Paris,
we trust, will not elect any but energetic and long-tried
Republicans. The people, armed and active, will bap-
tise its right of citizens, and the city which has driven
monarchy from its walls will not incline its banners in
presence of fear, ❑or prostitute its suffrage to privilege.
We answer for Paris, that great soldier of the Republic,
that invincible citadel of the revolution. Our enemies
are aware of this as well as we are. For this reason
Paris is not their field of battle, and though they are
rising here and there some electoral blockhouses in the
sections of the wealthy districtsof the capital, it is in the
departments that they are circulating their promises,
their gold and their calumnies; it is there that they are
emigrating with their counter-revolutionary hopes and
their poisoned intrigues. They are all-powerful there
by their property, their families, or their functions.
They still hold possession of the peasant, by
virtue of their manorial rights,' or by famine.
Thus absolute interest and the necessities of lite
deliver into their hands a numerous body of
clients, whom long servitude has rendered subservient.
But that is not the only influence which prevails over
those poor slaves of ungrateful wages and isolated la-
bour. Vassals of misery, they are still attached to the
glebe of ignorance. They are enveloped in prejudice
and antiquated superstition. They are, notwithstanding
their energetic and hardy nature, like metal eaten with
rust, or granite covered with moss. They, in fine,
suffer and fear—even the mother, the infant, and the
aged who have exhausted themselves by the labour of
a lung life. Such is the general situation of the coun-
try. Now we can easily comprehend that our great
Royalists are endeavouring to form a phalanx in those
districts which compose their domain, by taking advan-
tage of ignorance and famine. What can we do, or
what avails the Government against those perverse
influences, those formidable intrigues, which menace
the return of the counter revolution? This we can do.
Ardent and permanent clubs are not possible there, as
in cities. 'The journals are not circulated except
amongst the wealthy citizens and nobles, and it we wish
that the Propaganda should circulate some fundamental
ideas with respect to rights and duties, the committees
of the different electoral cantons must distribute a few
short and distinct instructions. The schoolmaster must
serve as a moniteur of revolution in each commune, and
delegates must enlighten the canton and circulate the
writings of the Republic amongst the villages. As for
the Provisional Government, much can be done for this
great civic preparation, but, as our daily bread is our
first necessity, it must on every point compete with
almsgiving, promises, and labour given in return for a
vote. It must command all its commissaries to act with
energy to deliver our brethren, doubly Helots, from the
hostile influences which so fatally prevail over them,
and which would deprive them of all right and dignity
for a morsel of bread. Such is the policy to he pur-
sued until the elections. A scientific and durable or-
ganization will follow at a later period, but our present
task is to withdraw the population of the country from
counter-revolutionary influences, if wo wish to preserve
the Republic."

The National, the official organ of the Provisional
Government, speaking of the approaching elections,
says—

" What we only indicated yesterday, we proceed to
develope to-day. The event of 1848 is a social revolu-
tion as much as a political one. The right to make and
execute laws, which was formerly the privilege of the
aristocracy, and which the constitutional monarchy had
confided to the burgess class, henceforward belongs to
the whole nation. Does that mean that the classes
which have hitherto reigned are to be fur the future
systematically excluded from affairs; that a blind and
brutal ostracism is about to strike property, commerce.
industry, and science ? What an absurdity: Science,
commerce, industry, and property, hare rights to put
forward and sacred interests to defend, and it will never
enter into tho thought of any one to sacrifice them.
But, it must be admitted these classes have hitherto
shown but little sympathy for the sufferings of the poor
man, and little intelligence of his wants. They make
use of the feeble for their own purposes in place of aiding
them ; and M. Guisot, their most eloquent organ, had
the courage to declare one day that misery was a neces-
sary curb on the people. Hunger was, in his eyes, a
means of governing, and a majority of rich and lettered
men was found to confirm by its votes that impious doc-
trine I Such are the bitter fruits infallibly produced by
a vicious political order of things. To divide men into
categories and classes, to range them under different
banners, to give them opposing interests, is it not to
organise amongst them a latent or declared war I—to
engender in their minds fiercest passions which spring
from war, and which perpetuate it On one side pride
and contempt—there envy—everywhere hatred and fear.
Thank God ! the war is now terminated ; all distinctions
are effaced, all barriers are broken down. There are no
more classes at present. Rich or poor, ignorant or
lettered, idle or working, we are all citizens in the same
degree, all national guards, all electors, all eligible as
deputies. There is no longer any other distinctions but
those which result from probity, intelligence, devoted-
ness, and services rendered. It would, there-
fore, be to slight the spirit of the period into which we
are entering; it would be a veritable anachronism to
pay attention at the approaching elections to the fortune
and profession of the candidates. To say, for instance,
that so many Deputies of such a profession are required,
is it not to constitute an absolute privilege, to the profit
of that profession? In that way, a man would be elected
for his profession. No one ought to be elected except
for his personal merit, for the faculties which Heaven
has given him, and for the services which he can render.
There are in all ranks of society men of merit. Let us
not go and seek them here rather than there; let us
take them everywhere. Amongst the workmen, for
instance, there are men who for a length of time have
fixed on them general attention, and whose names are
known to the public. They have given proofs of their
good sense, instruction, and devotedness to their coun-
try; and their place is marked in advance at the Na-
tional Assembly. They will there express the senti-
ments of their brothers, and point out their wants; they
will enlighten the Assembly, and guide it through the
complicated labyrinth of questions relating to the or-
ganization of labour. Their presence is indispensable,
and their absence would be a public calamity. They are
therefore sure of sitting there, and they will play, we
are sure, a useful and glorious part."
The financial crisis still continues. The failures
of the houses of GANNERON and Co., of BECURT naL
THOMAS and Co., and of CHEDHAUX and Co.,
bankers, were announced on Tuesday. It is also
reported that Messrs. FOULD, OPPENHEIM and Co.,
and Messrs. ROUGEMONT and Co. are winding up
their affairs, and decline all further business.
According to the Constitutionnel, it is the intention of
the Provisional Government to establish a Council of
Finances, to be presided over by M. GARNIER PAGES,
and of which the principal merchants and bankers of
Paris shall be members, for the purpose of devising
means to meet the crisis. It would appear that the
monied interest, which always looked up to Louis
PHILIPPE as its head, are making use of the money
power to avenge the fall of their idol.

" The monied interests," says the National " are very
blind, it they will not understand that the necessity of
the case may impose on them the duty of adopting vi-
gorous resolutions at a moment when the material lute
rests of the people have been betrayed. Let them respond
then to the appeal of the Government, whose activity
and zeal have succeeded in re-establishing the material
order of the capital. Let them understand that if the
concourse of devoted arms and hearts has contributed
to the first result, the concourse o. all the resources can
now re-establish the order of our finances, and that when
order shall be ru-established in our habits and in our
interests, it will appear to themselves as complete in the
democratic institutions, whose republican symbol con-
tains at one and the same time the germ and the power
of developing it. We do not fear to repeat that the
Discount Bank calls for the capital of those who com-
prehend the necessities of industry, so different from
those of speculation. The national loan demand calls for
the capital of Frenchmen who are friends to order, and
who can understand that there is often more peril in be
ing brave than in flying before the danger.
It is well known that Louis PsnLlrrE has im-
mense sums in the French funds in other names be-
sides his own, and it is not improbable but that the
ex-King may, through his agents, be at this moment
o Arating on the Stock Exchange of Paris, for the
purpose of embarrassing the Provisional Government.
It is the monied interest alone which is thts acting.

The merchants and may utacturers are loyally en-
gaged in doing their best to promote the prosperity
of their country. The Constitutionnel says—

" We learn from all hands that ti.e head, ef industrial
establishments are making me greatest effees te retain
their workmen in their nealitieteteriee. .the Batik o'
France seconds them powerlu.ty, , tor, if we are w.ll-
- its discounts amount within the laz,t few days
to more than one huudred minitnis, which is mole than
six millions per day bur learie elone. We do nel,
ut the amount discounted in the branch banks. It is by
this energ.. tic course Lust the crisis will epsedil) disap •
pear, and, as we hi pe, give way to cenfitience."
The following plan for relieving the financial pres-
sure is suggested in the Presse:—
" The financial crisis which prevails here at present
resembles in many respects that which last ear so
gravely disturbed England. At bottom onr situation
is better, and, consequently, the remedy which was
efficacious there will be still more so here, on condition
that it is applied in time. In consequenee of the pur-
chase of corn, gold was rapidly departing from Eng-
land, and the Bank Bill of 1844 presented an invite
cible obstacle to the continuation of discounts at the
moment when they were most required. What eas
the conduct of the English Government? It authorized
the Bank to put aside the Bill of 1844, and to con-
tinue to issue notes, even when it should not possess
the amount of specie required by law. In England
Bank notes are a legal tender; that is, no one can
refuse them in payment. That simple measure was
sufficient, as from the moment that it was known
publicly that the Bank was no longer restricted
in its operations confidence revived, and the Bank had
no need to avail itself of the faculty which the Govern-
ment had placed at its disposal. We said just now that
the situation is better in France than it was in England.
In fact, capital amongst us has not emigrated; it remains
here as it was a month back, only it is hidden, and ao
longer circulat_s. such persons as hold bank-notes
hasten to change them at Paris and elsewhere against
specie. Hence the great falling off in the metalic re-
serve of the Bank. and the large remittaeces of crown
pieces to its branch establishments. In consequence
of this, discounts must he rest, icted, since the Bank
cannot expose itself to the position of nut being able
any longer to pay its notes. But to restrict the dis-
count at this moment would be an immense evil, as
never had business more need of aid. how is that to
be prevented? By doing something analagous to
what was effected in England. The means of
increasing the discounts would be by augmenting the
metallic reserve, and that could be best brought about
by making the bank-note a legal tender. The offices of
the Bank being no longer besieged for specie, since every
one would be sure of being .able to make his payments
with the representative sign specie, discounts could be
made on a large scale. The bank-note, it is said, would
be depreciated. Wily so? Would it not be guaranteed
by the metallic reserve which would increase instead ot'
diminishing at the Bank, and by the amount of good
securities constantly discounted, and which falling sue•
cessively due, will without ceasing renew the available
resources? What we dewand is far less grave than
what was decided un in England—far less grave than
what M. Gamier Pages a few days back decreed rela-
tive to the savings' bank. Atter having flung down the
barricaues which impeded the circulation in the streets,
those which restrict credit must also be set aside."

A deputation of agens de change, merchants, and
bankers, was to have an interview with M. GARNIER
PAGES last evening for the purpose of proposing that
the Treasury Bonds should be converted into a three
per cent. stock. The Minister has, it is said, inti-
mated his intention of acceding to the wishes of the
deputation, and expressed his intention of giving three
per cent. stock for these bonds, at the rate of from
fifty to fity-two francs. There was a great run yes-
terday on the Bank of France, but no alarm whatever
was caused, and the money-changers were perfectly
willing to change notes of the Bank of France on the
usual terms.

In consequence of the disapprobation expressed by
MM. DUPONT (de l'Eure), DE LAMARTINS, and
CREMIEUX, of the electioneering circular of M.
LEDRU ROLLIN, which the latter had issued without
the knowledge of his colleagues, it is said that M.
LEDRU ROLLIN has resigned the Ministry of the
Interior, and that he will be succeeded by M.
CORMENIN.

M. de la Cour has been appointed Charge d'Af-
faires at Vienna ; M. de Lurde, Charg6 d'Affaires at
the Hague; M. de Circourt, Charge d'Affaires at
Berlin; M. Human, Charg6 d'Affaires at Munich;
and M. de Menneval, Charge d'Affaires at Dresden.
Count D'APPONY, the Austrian Ambassador at
Paris, has received orders from Vienna to remain in
Paris, and to assure the Provisional Government that
it was not the intention of Austria to interfere in the
affairs of France.

The Presse states that the Council of Defence of
the Republic proposes to demand the establishment
of a camp of 30,000 men in front of Dijon. It is not
yet decided what General shall be appointed to the
command. The name of Lieut.-General NEGLUER
has been mentioned.

M. EMMANUEL ARAGO, Commissary of the Pro
vincial Government in Lyons, had issued a decree
dissolving all religious congregations and corporations
not authorized by the law, and particularly the con-
gregation of the Jesuits.

The Jioniteur publishes a decree of the Committee
for the organization of labour, fixing the duration of
the day's work in the departments at eleven hours.

General RANDON had been appointed Director of
the Affairs of Algeria, M. FELLMAN, Under Director,
and M. LARABIT, Under Director of the Military
operations.
The exhibition of the works of art, in the gallery
of the Louvre, was opened on the 15th.
The Touloenais of the 12th instant publishes the
following letter, dated Mentone, 6th instant .
"1 he principality of Monaco has followed the ex-
ample of France. The most complete change has been
made in the institutions of the country. The principal
towns hare refused to recognise the Prince. A Provi
sional Government bas been formed at Mentone, and a
flag with the three national colours hoisted. The Civic
Guard are under arms, and the citizens of all classes,
who are animated with the greatest zeal, occupy the
military posts throughout: the town. The Prince of
Monaco arrived at Nice last. night, and set out imme-
diately for Paris." '
M. Messor., editor of the Observateur Francais,
of London, and M. J. CAPLIN, on Tuesday presented
ai address from the French citizens residing at
London, giving. in their adhesion to the Provisional
Government. The address stated that the French
citizens at London employ all their efforts to
strengthen the good intelligence which at present
prevails between the people of France and England,
and which they say is indispensable to the
maintenance of peace and the progress of civilization.
M. PAGNERRE thanked the deputation for their
address. M. CA.rusi said that the Government
would learn with pleasure that the greatest sympathy
towards it was felt in England, and that in several
democratic meetings the French flag had been dis-
played, with the words " Vive la Republique
Francaise