The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-21 00:00:00

ATELIERS.

Louis Blanc preserved them in order to make them a So-
cialist element—Ledru Rollin, in order to make them an
element dictatorial—Emile Thomas desired to preserve them
in their proper station—the Luxembourg paralysed his good
intentions. Favourable information respecting Emile Thomas
and the twelve superior chiefs of the Atehers.

From the very first the disputes in the Luxembourg were
manifest. It was not possible to perceive the good influence
of Emile Thomas until towards the 15th of April.
All had influences acted silently and dividedly upon ordi-
nary occasions. Whenever there was an emeute they united.
The witness appeared certain that the old political parties
had nothing to say in the whole aflair. The Bonapartist sec-
tion were nothing; they only desired to have a name, in
order to make au opposition.
The witness said so daily to the Minister of the Interior.
The commission were warned of the fact. They appeared to
doubt the exactitude of his opinions. They have since ac-
knowledged that he was right.
Caussidiere played a very cautious game, but one cannot
doubt that he acted entirely on his own behalf.
ORGANIZATION OF TIIE POLICE OF PARIS.

This police had a dozen or fifteen hundred agents. It was
badly organized—so much so that it could not act usefully.
Added to that, there were four different bodies of police in
Paris, from whence it followed that their reports were often
contradictory. The Minister of the Interior, wearied by this
confusion, at last finished by saying that it was useless to
address reports from the police to the Luxembourg, and that
he would communicate to an executive commission, or those
officers in whom he placed confidence. The four bodies ef,
police were, Ist, that of the Prefecture; 2d, that of the Exe-
cutive Commission; 3d, that of the Mayor of Paris; 4th
that of the Minister of the Interior. The witness gave an
extract from a report of the 12th of Juno, upon the banquet
for 25c. The witness pointed out the means by which the
Minister could assure himself whether the Legitimists were
really compromised in the banquet for 25c., by making
searches at the houses of each ef them. That was not ap-
proved.of. The. question was concerning a subscription of
bank-notes for 251. each. The movement of June took place
before the hour appointed. The blow was intended to be
struck upon tire 14th of July. It was hastened by reason of
the disorganization of the ateliers nationaux. In terminating
his deposition, the witness added that he had been questioned
before respecting the privilege of a theatre, for the obtaining.
of which they had suspended proceedings for damages com-
menced against M. Ledru Rollin. Mll. Doux and Sanson
(of Blois) would be able to give information upon this matter
which was not in the possession of the witness.
M. DE LAMARTINE, MEMBER OF THE PRO-
VLSIONAL GOVERNMENT (JULY 5).
Facts are connected together in political order in the same
manner as in moral order. On the 25th of February a fact
produced itself, and, beside that fact, an excess. It seemed
to some men that the proclamation of the Republic should
carry away more than a throne—that is to say, entire society.
The red flag was imagined as the sign of this idea. This
was repelled, b ut not extinguished ; not completely absorbed
in the mass of the people. On the 17th of March, the Na-
tional Guard, • which till then existed only in a latent state,
manifested its elf. The next day, or the day after that, a
more violent counter-manifestation for a Parisian Republic,
in place of a National Republic; 200,000 men wished
to impose the law upon the Provisional Government •
the latter repelled these measures with energy. On the
16th of April a Communist movement was threatened.
gm
moiftt e what
o f
I was warned at five o'clock in the mornino
passed in 1 he clubs—of the substituting a c
Public Safety in place of the Provisional Government. I
sent notice separately to the friends I had in the National
Guard. It was then in the state of a problem
Rollin ca me to me in the morning. He was very M. Ledru
y animated.
" We are going to be attacked by 120,000
mei 44 at 1.1,e head of whom
are 20,000 men," he said to
"Med Mel; belonging to

the clubs." Heinformed me of the offers that had beef: made to
him—of the design entertained of excluding me as w,ll as
several of my colleagues. 1 said to him, " Minister of the
Interior, you have the right of beating the rappel. If there
exist by chance a National Guard in Paris we are saved."
11. Ledru ROM unhesitatingly accepted this proposition,
and went out to order the rappel to be beat,. 1 hastened to
Duvivier's. My project was to assemble a few battalions of
the Garde Mobile around the Hotel de Ville, and, with Ge-
neral Changarnier, to resist there till death, hoping that the
National Guard would make use of their arms to save Paris.
Duvivier seized my design. He had admirably understood
that force the Garde Mobile, which I had created on a piece
of grey paper, at the Hotel de Ville. " Where are there any
cartridges?" said he to me. I thought that there were some
at the Etat Major of the National Guard. M. Conrtais
showed himself very loyal. lat last went to the Hotel de
Ville. At this moment General Changarnier came to
join me. He made his military arrangements, and we
awaited the manifestation. Two young men had been
dispatched to the banlieue to give notice. At last, after
some painful moments of waiting, the 12th Legion
appeared on the bridge, and crying out " Vfve la Repub-
lique," the armed force rose to life again, the Moderate Re-
public was saved. The banlieue showed itself in its turn.
All was drowned in immense movement of the National
Guards, to the repeated cries of " Viva la Republique !" On
the 15th of May, it must be confessed, we were deceived by
the unskilfulness of the chiefs of the public force. It was al-
ways the same spirit, the same tendency. The point here,
too, was to confiscate the Republic to the profit of a violent
party, who wished to push things to extremities. For others
this was an essay at intimidation. The armed sections, the
great categories of the seditious of Paris did not play here the
leading pare. More importance than he deserves will have
been given before you to Blanqui—a monomanical conspira-
tor, an artist in plotting. Barbes came to my house ; he
called me his saviour. He did not attach an extreme value
to Blanqui. Blanqui did not influence more than sixty men
in Paris. He is a signal. He took the head on the 15th of
May ; but, to speak truly, the chiefs were not there. Barbes
was caught in a trap about the popularity of Blanqui. The
proof of the little popularity of Blanqui is that the other
clubs had resolved to assassinate him. To sum up, having
observed, as I have done for four months, the tendencies of
all sorts for the suppression of the National Assembly, I
think I may say that nothing serious has been perceived in
the armed sections—in the statesmen of the Republique
exaggeree. The movement of the 23d of Jim. was quite
spontaneous. The agitation of the ateliers nationatsx had
two causes—the Government money, economized in the say-
incs bank for civil war; and then communism, which laid
hold of them, and made use of them for the insurrection. As
to the part played by the Executive Commission, as for my
part of the reeponsibility, I have not wished to speak about
it. Ido not wish to bring personalities forward in so fright-
ful a catastrophe. Recriminations would have been repug-
nant to my nature. It is not a month since orders were given
to General Cavaignac to surround the National Assembly with
troops, and not to count on the National Guards, except as a
reserve, as a moral support, as a magnificent supplement of
forces. There were at that time only 6,500 troops iu Paris. It
was agreed that 26,000 troops of the line should be quartered
in Paris. We had 16,000 Garde Mobiles, 2,500 Gerdes Rdpub-
licaines, and 2,000 Gardiens de Paris. I required, moreover,
15,000 men in the immediate neighbourhood of Paris. This
made them 60,000 men, independent of the National Guard,
and I judged this force more than sufficient to repress any
insurrectionary movement. I have beset General Cavaignac
with my observations in this respect. For the moral state I
demanded a series of repressive laws—laws against the press,
laws against attroupements. We were unanimous in the
Executive Commission to demand these measures from the
National Assembly. It seemed to me that the National
Assembly was menaced by two dangers, the ateliers na-
tionaux and a Bonapartist movement. I then considered
how to protect the National Assembly if it had been forced
to quit Paris, and I wished that 20,000 men of the army of
the Alps should be held disposable. I insisted more than
my colleagues on the execution of these measures. I was
very much astonished at the few troops which were in
Paris. I do not accuse General Cavaignac, whose high
military reputation and loyalty are above all attack; but
1 must indeed say that there was something in the ad-
ministration of the Ministry of War which did not answer
to our confidence. I had proposed to carry the bar-
ricades before night, and to make a desperate effort ;but
the absence of troops prolonged the contest. From all that
I have said, it follows that in the diverse manifestations and
insurrections, the same intentions have shown themselves;
but you, gentlemen, political men, making an inquiry for the
present and for the future, you must remark and cause to be
remarked, that everything produced itself in an isolated man-
ner. Each fraction of the anarchical party has always acted
separately, and it is that which has given us the victory.
The dissolution of the ateliers natinaux ECM'S to me to secure
it infallibly for the future.

STATE OF CENTRAL EUROPE.
The German Sovereigns submit with the best grace
they can to their changed circumstances. On his way
to the Rhine, the King of Prussia stopped at Magdeburg,
and it was proposed to read an address to him. Thu
Minister Von Auerswald, who accompanied him, re-
quired a copy of the document, and seeing that it em-
braced disputed political points, declined to allow it to
be read,stating that asa constitutional monarch the King
could now express no opinion upon such matters pub-
licly, except with the advice of his Ministers. A good
impression has been made on the money market by the
journey to Cologne, and the apparent good understand-
ing which subsists between the King and the Archduke
John. In Bavaria there is less heartiness, and he
Minister of War has tendered his resignation, being of-
fended at what he calls degrading the line by recognising
the privileges of the recently augmented national guard.
The Prussian Ministry have completely met the wishes of
the people on this point, and have even engaged that the
new armed police intended to keep order at Berlin shall
be carefully watched and controlled in the exercise of
their duty.
The King of Hanover is the only one of the larger
sovereigns who did not celebrate the 6th August with
appal ent cheerfulness. He is reported to have said
that the unity of Germany was not to be founded upon
forms and demonstrations, but upon a mutual good un-
derstanding between its component parts.
In the Slavonic nations there is great dissatisfaction,
although no outbreak is feared. Complaints are made
from Posen that the Advocate Krauthofer-Krotowski is
kept in strict arrest, although his comrade was allowed to
go to Paris. As has too often been the case with poli-
tical prisoners, the severity of his treatment and the un-
healthiness of his place of confinement aro said to have
ruined M. Krauthofer's health and to have affected his
brain. It is singular that such things should be to-
lerated. From Bohemia we learn that the parties im-
prisoned after the bombardment of Prague have mostly
been released, no charge of a conspiracy being sus-
tained by any proof. A few are retained to be tried by
the ordinary tribunals for rioting, and the arms taken
from the National Guard have been restored. The
Vienna authorities seem anxious to throw the fearful
exploits of Prince Windischgratz as much as possible
into the shade. A far bolder step has been taken by
the Bohemian Germans than the Slavonians attempted;
the Germans having called a congress at Toplitz to
debate upon the measures to be adopted by
them in case their wishes are not carried through
in the Diet now assembled at Vienna. Amongst other
points, the way to effect a junction in commercial union
with the Zollverein is to be discussed, by which the
Germans undertake to anticipate the measures of the
Central Government on a muter of foreign policy, a
piece of arrogance which the Slavonians avoided. From
Galicia and Hungary the accounts of the harvest are fa-
vourable, but it is stated that the peasants refuse to get
in the crops, even when offered high wages. The spirit
of hostility between the landowners and the agricultural
peasantry, roused by the Meteternich Cabinet, and per-
: petuated since by the Austrian. Cabinet, has totally de-
moralised a great portion of the empire, and threatens
to lead to melancholy results. A similar line of policy
is now adopted by the Bassin n invaders of Moldavia,
who have brought back with them the son of the Hospo-
oar, banished sometime since fc,r revolutionary excesses.
His first feat has been to excite the peasantry to set fire
to the standing crops of the Prii ice his father. This.ur
justifiable aggression by Russia on a peaceable ne!g.
_-
boar is now confirmed in its fat extent, and has excited
a great sensation both at Vie= .a and at Frankfurt.

STATE OF TII E BALTIC.
A fleet of eight men-of-war Inas been cruising off the
island of Bornholm, which, by some, were supposed to
be Russian, by others to bo •odish vessels, supporting
the Danish blockade of the Me cklenburgh and i'russiau
ports.
communication from the I )anish captain blockading
Stralsund to the captain of a a English merchantman,
signified that neutral vessels wou:d be allowed to dis-
charge into lighters which wert not adapted for use as
gun boats, and provided the um loading was effected by
the neutral crews. Since aen it appears that the
Dune sent her boats into the (A tunnel before Stralsund at
night, and cut out two lighl3 rs which were lying at
anchor. An attempt has sin o 0 been made to get the
lighters which bring goods u p to Stralsund manned by
subjects of neutral powers.
A new Russian ship of th c line, and a schooner, have
arrived at Helsinger, from I Lrchangel.
The number ut vessels wl licit have passed the Sound
between Ist January and Ist July, 1848, is 6,174,
being less by 2,737 than in 1 $47.
• The material stipulation proposed in that new ar-
mistice between Denmark : the German Confedera-
tion is, that 4,000 German t coops shall, pending the ne-
gotiations, occupy the Duchies, while the Danes occupy
the island of Alsen. The obnoxious stipulation that
the Provisory Government is to abdicate its functions
within fourteen days from'tl 7o ratification of the truce
remains as originally propos ed.

A Goon EXAMPLE.—'.I Clie directors of the Citizen
gave their annu. id entertainment on Saturday
ers and crews of twelve vessels. The boats
ttLser
tio.
tbh
arrived ao
teatsl a'ttersea at half-p; ast six o'clock moored in 'very
creditable order, and fired ase ,lute. On reaching the shore
a very pretty procession was I formed, and, with band, and
innumerable flags flying, pi .oceeded to Cremorne-gardens,
where a substantial supper w as provided for them. Those
directors present tendered to them, on behalf of the whole
company, their thanks for tin :zeal which they had display ed
for their interest, and for their • courtesy and attention to their
passengers.
OPENING OF THE 1 VINDSOR, STAINES, AND
SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY. —OII Saturday, at half•past
eleven o'clock, a special train left the Waterloo-station, con-
taining Captain Wynnne, one ol the Government Inspectors
ot Railways ; Mr. Lucke, M.I , the engineer of the South-
\Y astern Company ; Mr. Lace P, the Chairman of the Wind-
sor and Staines Railway ;Mr , Stovin, the general manager
of traffic; Mr. Brasses, th e contractor of the Windsor
and Staines line ; ar.d a number of the directors of
the new line. The object w; is two-fold—the inspection of
the continuation line from Ri4 thinond to Datchet, and the ad-
Monal line of railway that wa s some time since constructed
from the junction at Falcon-b ridge to the coke ovens at Nine
Elms, solely for the Richtno ad traffic, but which line has
hitherto not been made available. The examination and
thorough testing both of this and the extension to Datchet
occupied some hours, and rest. it ed in the requisite certificate,
being granted by Captain W ys nme. The line will accord-
ingly be opened on Tuesday , and fifteen trains will leave
Datchet for London daily. t ki Sundays there will be an
increase of four trains down, bLH a decrease of one up.
tares are not yet officially atmo at ,ced.
Last week an affray oc,:u rred at Nelson a
Court-
house, Virginia, between clay Los tC. Harris, lawyer,
Wyatt Hare, a wealthy citizen, of
Date's shooting Harris dead, and
hiniself to the 14w,—New rork G ourwr and 1, n gum er
that place. It re
surrenderingsherlt,e and