The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-06 00:00:00

No 7
. 16,811. LONDON, THURSDAY LE G
S TJ AUG UST 6,.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION,
A CHEMICAL LECTURE, by Dr. Ryan, daily, and on
the Evenings of Monday:, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Professor
Bachhoffner's LECTURES on NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, with
brilliant experiments, daily. MACINTOSH'S REVOLVING EN-
GINE. COLEMAN'S PATENT LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE for as-
cending and descending Inclined Planes. FARRELL'S ARCIII-
MEDIAN RAILWAY. The ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY, all in
action. HALIETTE'S ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY VALVE.
The OPAQUE MICROSCOPE. The OXY-HYDROGEN MICROS-
COPE, exhibiting a fine Collection of Living Objects. A beautiful
Picture of the CHAPEL in the CONVENT of St. CATHERINE,
near Jerusalem, by Mr. Charles Smith, is one of the Series of DIS-
SOLVING VIEWS.
Admission, Is. ; Schools, Half-price.

STATE OF MODERN EGYPT.
In 2 vols. Bvo., with Illustrations., price 345. cloth,

THE MODERN HISTORY and CONDITION
of EGYPT, its Climate, Diseases, and Capabilities, exhibited
in a Personal Narrative of Travels in. that Country, with an Account
of the Proceedings of Mahommed Ali, Pacha from 1831 to 1843.
By WILLIAM lIOLT YATES', M.D ' Member of the Royal
College of Physicians, Ito., &c.
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

Just published, price 55.,

FRANKS on URINO-GENITAL DISEASES.
Part I. On Gonorrlnea And Glect, exemplifying the influence
of a Scrofulous or Scorbutic state of system In producing those Morbid
Secretions, and showing that the true nature of their diseased action
Is irritative, not Inflammatory.
Published by the Author, 90, Blackfriars-road, London; and may
be had of Johnston, 68, Cornhill; Starkie, 4, Strand; Sanger, 150,
Oxford-street ; and by order of all booksellers.

WORKS
Ony b ROBERT J. CULVERWELL, M.D. M.R.C.S. &c.
e Shilling each, by post One and Sixpence.
1.
N SINGLE and MARRIED LIFE:
(An Original Medical History.)

CONTENTS
Analysis of the Affections—Early Conventional Restraint—Mis-
direction—Marital Anticipations and Realities—Laws of Paternity—
Maternal • Influenee—Phenomena of Gestation—On Infelicitous and
Infertile Unions—Incongruous Alliances Late Marriages—Love
Matches—Curiosities of Twenty-three Years' Medical Experience,
&c. &c. 2.
On CHASTITY and its INFRINGEMENTS,
(An Essay for 1846.)
"Of human ills and frailties I discourse,
Those taught by nature, and by art acquir'd.
Of griefs conceal'd, and disappointments keen,
Which young and gentle, the matured and sage,
The lonely and the mated—all sustain.
In kindly spirit, herein counsel's giv'n,
110 w health, how hope, how happiness to gain."
3.
WHAT to EAT, DRINK, and AVOID
With Diet Tables for all Complaints.

Contents :—How to ensure perfect digestion, tranquil eelings, a
good night's rest, a clear head, and a contented mind. By an ob-
servance of the instructions herein container the feeble, the ner-
vously delicate, even to the most shattered constitution, may acquire
the greatest amount of physical happiness, and reach in health the
full period of life allotted to man.
" How we should live—what eat, what drink, what shun,
To reach in health full threescore years and ten."
These interesting little volumes, although bearing upon subjects of
very delicate import, as their titles imply, will be found of immea-
surable and general utility, for they tell of matters every living crea-
ture able to understand ought to know, but which information in
these enlightened times, except that quality promulgated through
questionable channels, is at a very terrible discount.
In the exposition hereby offered of the till now hidden truths of
nature, 01 human disappointments and their ways of relief, it is not
contended that every reader shall become his or her own physician
any more than their own lawyer, but it is insisted upon that we
should know the simple principles of vur owu organization, the laws
whereby our existence and the issue thereof in their several healthy
states depend, the duties that are expected of us in our individual
capacities in the family circle, and the terms on which the health and
happiness of the present and future race of mankind have to rely.
By such knowledge, and which is herein faithfully imparted,
health will be found to be in our own keeping, and happiness
within the attainment of all , by the availment hereof in fulfilling
our duty to ourselves, we secure the lik e advantages on our offspring
to follow, and finally by the cultivation )f our faculties, which is in-
consistent with degenerate health, the mind as well as the body may
be exalted to the summit of perfection, as best becomes the highest
of God's creations.
The author's justification for this seeming eulogy of his own writ-
ings, and the avowal of their integrity of purpose, must be measured
by their perusal—his accredited qualifications guarantee that tho
topics broached involve his legitimate study and pursuit.
To bo had of ,herwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvalho, 147,
Fleet-street ; Hannay, 63, Oxford• street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or
direct from the Author, 21, Arundel-street, Strand, who may be ad-
vised persimally on these matters daily till Three, and in the Ever.-
ngs from Seven till Nine.

A POPULAR TREATISE on the HEALTH, LIFE. and VIGOUR
of the BODILY FUNCTIONS.
NINETEETII EDITION, price 2s. Gd. ; Free by Post (in a Sealed
Envelope) 3s. Gd.,
THE SILENT FRIEND. A Medical Work
on the loss of the reproductive powers, with means of restora-
tieu. Tile baneful effects of Indulgence, neglected Strictures, Se-
condary Symptoms, &c., are fully pointed out. Illustrated by En-
gravings ; followed by observations on Marriage. By R. and L.
PERRY and Co., Consulting Surgeons, London.
Published by the Authors, and may be had at their residence.
Sold by Strange, No. 21, Paternoster •row ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-
street ; Parkis, Compton-street, Soho ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-
street, and 37, Ro) al Exchange ; and all booksellers.
Part I. of this Work is particularly addressed to those who are
prevented from forming a Matrimonial Apiance, through fear of cer-
tain disqualifications, and will be found an available introduction to
the teems of perfect and secret restoration to manhood.
Part 11. treats perspicuously upon those forms of diseases, either
in their primary or secondary state, arising from infection, showing
how numbers who neglect to obtain competent medical aid, entail
upon themselves years of misery and suffering.
The CORDIAL BALM OF SYRIACUM is exclusively directed to
the cure of nervous and sexual debility, irregularity, weakness, bar-
renness, loss of appetite, indigestion. consumptive habits, and debili-
ties arising front venereal excesses, tir..c. Price lls. and 335. per bot-
tle. The Five-pound cases may be had as usual.
The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE. An anti-
syphilitic remedy for searching out and purifying the blood from ve-
nereal contamination, scurvy, blotches on the head, face, and body,
ulcerations, and those painful affections arising from improper treat-
ment. secondary symptoms, and all eruptions of the skin. Price 11 s.
and 335. per bottle.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS, price 2s. 9d., 4s. Gd.,
and 11s. per box, are the most effectual remedy for strictures, in-
flammation, irritation of the bladder, &c., without hindrance to
business.
Consultation fee, if by Letter, 11. A minute detail of case is ne-
cessary. Messrs. Perry arc in daily attendance at their residence,
19, Berners-strect, Oxford-street, London, from eleven till two, and
five till eight; and on Sundays from eleven till twelve.

ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND
MATURITY.
WITH TWENTY-FIVE COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
Just published, Sixteeuth Thousand, in a sealed envelope, price
2s. 6d., or post paid, to any addre:s, for 3s. 6d. in Postage Stamps
or Post-office Order.
ELF- PRESERVATION : A Medical Treatise
SOP on the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity.
Illustrated with Twenty-five Coloured Plates on the Anatomy,
Physiology, and Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Organs,
explaining their various structures, uses, and functions, and showing
the injuries Amt are produced in them, by solitary habits, and other
excesses. With Practical Observations on the Treatment of Nervous
Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and other diseases of
the Urethra.
By SAMUEL LA'MEET, CONSULTING SURGEON,
9, I'edford-street, Bedford-square, London;
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of
Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c.
CONTENTA OF THE TREATISE.
HATTER 1. On the l'hilosophy of Marriage, with its Hindrances
and Obligations, and on Infelicitous and Unproductive Unions.—
CHAPTER 2. On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Generative
Organs, their functions, structures, and secretions, proving that great
Mental and Physical Power are dependant upon their healthy action.
—CHAPTER 3. On Solitary Habits; their various effects on the
Animal Economy; the concealed cause of Debility of the functions
of the Stomach, Lungs, and Brain, and general weakness of the
Mental Faculties. CIIA£TER 4. On the Secret Disorders of Youth
and Maturity, and the Treatment of Nervous and Local Weakness,
Mental Debility, and Premature Decay.—CHAPTERS 5 and 6. On
the Disorders arising from indiscriminate Excess, Gonnorlicea,
Gleet, Strictures, and other Diseases of the Urethra.

REVIEWS OF THE WORK.
"The author of this singular and talented work is a legally quali-
fied medical man, who has evidently had considerable experience in
the treatment of the various disorders arising from the follies and
frailties of early indiscretion. The engravings are an invaluable ad-
dition, by demonstrating the consequences of excesses, which must
act as a salutary warning to youth and maturity, and by its perusal
many questions may be satisfactorily replied to, that admit of no ap-
peal, even to the most confidential friend."—Era.
Published by the Author, and may be had at his residence; also
from S. Gilbert, 52, Paternoster-row; Hannay and Co., oa, oxford-
street; Starie, Tichborne-street, Quadrant; Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street, London; Newton, 16, Church street, Liverpool; and by
all Booksellers.
At Home for Consultation daily, from Nine till Two, and from
Five till Eight ; and all letters immediately replied to, if containing
the fee of it., for advice, Szc.-9 ,BEDFORD-STRBET ,BEDFOF.D-
SQUARE. LONDI

DO you wish to avoid all the torture " which
shaving has entailed upon your chins ?" then hasten and try
Ross and Sons' newly-invented Railway Strop; so named, as it
enables you to shave yourself at a railwa3 pace, and with as little
friction, making even the commonest razor cut well. The composi-
tion is entirely new, and surpasses everything hitherto invented for
the purpose. Likewise, instead of paste, which few can apply pro •
perly, theirs is a powder for renovating the strop, and cm be used
by a child. To be had, wholesale, retail, and for exportation, of the
Proprietors, Ross and Sons, 119 and 120, Bishopsgate-street, London.

---
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH ON THE MIDLAND COMPANY'S
LINE.—The telegraph between Birmingham and Derby has
just been completed. The distance is 41 miles, and the
whole of the wires have been erected under the superinten-
dence of Mr. Joseph. This completes the telegraph on the
entire of the Midland line from Leeds to Birmingham, and
from Derby to Nottingham and Rugby—with the exception
of the want of a few instruments on the road stations be-
tween Birmingham and Derby. The communication is per -
feet, and constitutes another wonder in this wonder-working
age. The estimated cost of the whole telegraph is about
40,0001.—Sheffield Independent.
PRICE OF BREAD IN GLASGOW.—Since the repeal of
the corn-laws, and even previous thereto, the bakers ,in
different parts of the country, as well as those of them in this
city, who do not belong to what is termed the " corporation,"
had lowered the price of bread in proportion to the fall in the
price of wheat. The 41b. fine loaf has been selling for more
than a month in almost, if not all, the provision shops in and
about town, for 7d.—household do. 6d. Mark, then, the
modesty of the following announcement which appears this
week in most of the Glasgow papers :—" At a meeting of
the Incorporation of Bakers of Glasgow, held on Friday, in
the Trades' Hall, it was agreed to reduce the price of the
41b. loaf, first quality to 7d.; and the second quality to 6d."
This is like putting the cart before the horse, seeing that
this body of incorporate bakers had, for some time previously,
been selling their bread to shopkeepers at such a rate as
enabled the latter to retail it again ate
6d.
and 7d. per 41b.
loaf, with a remunerating profit; while, strange to add, the
price at the bakers' own shops was 7d. and Bd. for the very
same kind of bread 1 The "protectionist " Corporation of
our good city would do well to follow the example set them
by the better bred bakers of Galashiels. The Border Watch
states that " the bakers of Galashiels have reduced the price
of the fine four-pound loaf to sixpence, arid that of the second
1
ditto to fivepence. At one establishment in the town
the
the
fine loaf is sold at fivepence-halfpenny, being, we believe,
cheapest in the United Kingdom.' . Glasgow Citizen.

THE BENTINCK DEMONSTRA-

TION.

KING'S LYNN, TUESDAY NIGHT.—On Tuesday a
public dinner was given to Lord George Bentinck bF
his constituents in this town and a large body of the
agriculturists of the county of Norfolk, to testify their
approbation of the ability and zeal displayed by his
Lordship in his opposition to the free-trade measures of
the late Government. The entertainments took place
in a long, low-roofed and extremely narrow building,
recently erected as a Market-house. Nearly 800 sat
down to a very good dinner sul,plied by Mr. Barnes,
of the Crown, and Mr. Culver, of the Duke's Head
Hotels.
The Earl of Orford, High Steward of the town, offi-
ciated as Chairman; supported on the right by Lord G.
Bentinck, M.P., the Marquis of Granby, M.P., Major
Beresford, M.Y. and the Rev. J. Bowen; on the left by
the Duke of Richmond, Lord Sondes, Mr. Disraeli, M.P.,
W. Miles, M.P., and Sir H. Berney. The Vice-chair
was filled by Mr. J. Cobon, who was supported on the
right by Mr. Bagge, M.P., Sir J. Tyrrell, M.P., Mr. G.
Hudson, M.P.; and on the left by Mr. G. Wodehouse,
M.P., and Mr. Sergeant Byles.
The usual loyal and national toastshaving been drunk,
The CHAIRMAN rose, and in an eloquent speech pro-
posed " the health of the Noble Lord the Member for
Lynn, Lord George Bentinck."
The most deafening cheers followed this toast ; they
were renewed and renewed again, and when dying away,
were again aroused with " one cheer more."
Lord G. BENTINCK spoke as follows:—If the recep-

tion which you have given me could for a moment by
me be taken as a compliment entirely personal to my-
self, I can assure you I should feel abashed and ut-
terly overwhelmed by the overpowering sense of your
kindness. But when I look to the feelings with which
you have greeted me as the voice of this country—
(Cheers)—that the yeomanry and people of England
will not sit down in silence, and in peace allow them•
selves to be trampled on by any Minister, by any
would-be dictator—(Cheers)--far from being over-
powered, far from being overwhelmed, I feel excited and
roused to new exertions, to see justice done to those in-
terests which have cif late been trampled "upon.—
(Cheers.) My Noble Friend, the Lord High Steward of
this ancient town, has observed to you that when this
day year we heard the Prime Minister of England say
that a repeal of the corn-laws would be tantamount to a
social revolution, little could it be imagined that we
should be assembled here to-day, having seen that mea-
sure carried by that same Prime Minister.—(Cheers.)
I have said, I might well feel abashed if the demonstra-
tion that has been made were personal to myself, stand-
ing as I do in the presence of so many older soldiers in
the cause—to me who have made no sacrifice for you—
to me who have been but a few months in your service,
engaged in an exciting campaign, whilst I stand
by my Noble Friend who for thirty years has fought
in the same cause, and is now made a martyr by the
PrimeZlinister of England for his constituency, for his
fi Alta' to those principles which that Minister has so
s .;lessly ,abandoned.—(Loud cheers.) Speaking in
King's Lynn, and in the county of Norfolk, I will say
that my Noble Friend's was the inheritance or the Lord-
Lieutenancy of this county—(Cheers)--but because he
was true to his principles, because he was true to your
interests, because be was true to those principles which
heretofore Sir Robert Peel had endeavoured o success-
fully and with so much eloquence to instil into our
minds, my Noble Friend was cashiered, and the
Lord-Lieutenancy was allowed to remain vacant
till a new Government was enabled to ap-
point a successor of different politics.—(Cheers.) I
stand also in the presence of my Noble Friend, the Duke
of Richmond.—(Cheers.) Little credit have I a right to
take, standing in the presence of my Noble Friend, who
for these long years has been fighting this battle. I who
came but at the 1 1 th hour into the vineyard ; I who
came up as the Prussians did at the end of the day,
might be well abashed in the presence of my Noble
Friend. I stand too in the presence of my Noble Friend
the member for Leicester,. the Marquis of Granby,
who has sacrificed power and distinction for
the sake of his principles, and whose talents.
far superior to mine, have only . been kept
back by that modesty which a sense of indignation
at the injustice used towards you had overcome. Well
might I also feel some diffidence in rising to acknowledge
this toast. I thank you for the manner in which you
have received me in the presence of my Hon. Friend the
Member for Shrewsbury—(Cheers)—whose powerful
eloquence, unequalled in the present House of Commons,
has done far more than anything I have done to defeat.
the Minister that has betrayed you.—(Loud cheers.)
My Noble Friend the Lord High Steward referred to
my Hon. Friend, when he said that he early discovered
the treachery of the late Prime Minister. I confess I
was one who thought it was a calumny, when, twelve
months ago, my Hon. Friend the Member for Shrewsbury,
with far more sagacity, with far more penetration than
I possessed, told the House of Commons that a Con-
servative Government, at the head of which stood Sir
Robert Peel, was neither more nor less than an organised
hypocrisy.—(Loud cheers.) I am not here to fight the
battle of the corn-laws over again. Standing in the
presence of the farmers of England, it would be a work
of supererogation indeed if I were to waste time by trying
to persuade you that admitting the corn of foreign coun-
tries into competition with yours was likely to improve
your condition. I will not enter into discussion on this
head ; suffice it to say that in the month of November
last, when, as my Noble Friend said, the whole country
was prospering, when farmers were getting good re
turns for their grain, when the people were better em-
ployed and at better wages than ever was known, when
trade was improving and increasing to an amount never
before known, whilst population was increasing also, but
bankruptcies were diminishing, when new houses were
extending, the poor- houses emptying, wealth increasing.
pauperism diminishing—the price of wheat concurrently
with all that prosperity was, for the best wheat 705,, and
between 40s. and 50s. for the inferior. I need not tell
you, when the price is now 565. for the best, and for the
inferior qualities 285., that this measure of free trade is
one of ruin to the farmers of England. --(Cheers.) I
need not tell you, who know what taxes you have to bear,
that it is not possible that you should compete with the un-
taxed countries of Europe and America.—(Cheers.) We
were told a little before Easter that we, the protec-
tionists, were standing in the light of the farmers of Eng-
land, by delaying the settlement of this measure. A
Noble Friend of mine, even the Member for North
Lincolnshire, told us that the farmers of England
wished to see the question speedily settled, and that
it was only necessary to let in the fine wheats
of Dantaic, and the fine flour of America, to
mix with your damp wheats of 1845, in order to enable
you to sell your damp wheats, which were unsaleable
without that mixture. I took the liberty of saying thatyou,
the farmers of England would be justly liable to the
charge made once against you by Lord John Russell,
that you were as dull as the clods you break, if you could
be persuaded that letting in 2,000,000 quarters of fine
wheat would raise the price of your produce. However,
unabashed, I was told I was no true friend to
the agricultural interest. I continued to fight the
battle, and now you are able to judge between me
and my Lord Wersley.—(Cheers.) I believe I
may say that, as 2,000,000 quarters of fine wheat
have been admitted into competition with yours at 4s.
a quarter, the price of your wheat has fallen from 10s.
to 18s, per quarter. Is it nothing that we, the pro-
tectionists, for three months, by obstinacy if you will,
or by perseverance, warded off the blow, and left to
you the monopoly of the English market for three en-
tire months ?—(Cheers.) We are told by Sir Robert
Peel that the free air of competition is requisite to
rouse you to exertion—(Great laughter)—and so I sup-
pose that a reduction of 10s., if no snore, per quarter
upon the price of the 16,000,000 quarters of wheat you
annually grow, deducting from your pockets 8,000,000/.
a-year is likely to prove for the benefit of the farmers of
England.—(Cheers.) Well, but we were told by Mr.
Cobden aboutthe same period of the session that the towns
must govern England. sir R. Peel did or did not cheer
that sentiment—l eare not now whether he cheered it or
not ; but this I know, that since that period lie had
informed the country that it was not the potato famine in
Ireland, that it was not the wheat famine in this coun-
try, but it was Mr. Cobden—it was the untiring zeal,
the powerful reasoning, the eloquent speeches, the more
eloquent because unadorned, of Mr. Cobden, that in
duced him to abolish the corn-laws; and that the glory of
it belongs to Richard Cobden. Well then, if the glory of
the measure belongs to Richard Cobden, and if Richard
Cobden is of opinion that thenceforth the towns are
to govern England, a sentiment re-echoed by friend
Bright—(Cheers)—who has told you that the
cotton districts of Lancashire and the West Riding
of Yorkshire must thenceforth govern England,
I think we know pretty well with whom we should
have had to deal, if we had allowed Sir R. Peel to con-
tinue Minister.—(Cheers.) I stand before you to ask
your judgment upon me and my friends—whether we
have or have not done the will of the people of Eng-
land, when we drove Sir Robert Peel from power ?
(Cheers.) Well, but the object of my meeting you here
to-day is not so much to go back to the past, as to look
forward to the future.—(Cheers.) The great end of that
party which owns for its leader Lord Stanley—(Cheers)
—is first to recover the protection we have lost—(Loud
cheers) —but failing that, to seek compensation in relieving
the agricultural interest from the peculiar burdens they
bear. Now, for the first matter, the recovery of the
protection to native industry, which we have lost; allow
me to remind you who had the franchise in 1841, retain
the franchise now, and that you, the yeomanry of Eng-
land, who in 1841 sent a majority of 390 to the House
of Commons to maintain protection to 1-Iritish indus-
try, exceeding Bs. per quarter on wheat—you who sent
a majority of 390 to retain protection to our colo-
nial interests, and to repress slavery and the slave trade,
still possess the franchise now, and it is only for you to
exercise it—it is only for you to prove, that if Sir R. Peel
is fickle, you are constant—(Cheers)—and the day cannot
be long distant when you must recover that which you
have lost.—(Loud cheers.) But to do this, you must
follow the example of South Nottinghamshire, of
Gloucestershire, and Dorsetahire.—(Cheers.) You, the
farmers of England, must do the work; you must not
ti ust to your landlords. It was not the landlords of
South Notts, but the tenant farmers and free.
holders that carried the day ; without attorneys,
without agents, without solicitors ; they achieved
the victory themselves.—(Cheers.) And if you have
the saute spirit which I believe you to have, if

f you have the same courage, which I trust you have,
you, the farmers and yeomanry, amongst whom I am
proud that I was born, when the day of the next election
comes, will be able to do justice to yourselves. But I said
something about burdens. We have been told—endea-
ecnrs li. is e
been made to prove that the agricultural
interest s not subject to any peculiar burdens.
Why, I thought that tithe, and poor-rate, and land-tax
constituted three pretty heavy burdens, of which the
largest is paid by the land. Since we are told that the
cotton districts of Lancashire and the West Riding of
Yorkshire are henceforth to govern England, I thought it
as well to inquire what were the peculiar burdens which
Lancashire and the West Riding bore, to entitle that one
county and a-half to govern all England, Scotland, and
Ireland; and I find that the real property of Lancashire
and the West Riding of Yorkshire annually assessed is
15,231,256/. ; while, turning to Norfolk, Suffolk, and
Essex, the amount of real property is only 6.727,4491.
annually assessed to the land-tax, tithe, and poor-
rate, to the amount of 1,283.506/.; and the 15,251 256/.
of Lancashire and of the West Riding of Yorkshire
was only assessed at 743,541/—(Loud cheers.) So
that a e have here these two counties, with more than
double the property, paying half the burdens only of
Norfolk, Suffolk. and Essex.—(Cheers.) Bat then
we are told that tithe is no charge at all, on land ;
that tithe is of divine origin, and that it makes
no difference to a farmer whether before he pays
his landlord rent and before he puts money into
his own pocket a tithe of the produce is to be de-
ducted for the service of the church. We are told by the
manufacturing interest that though foreign countries pay
no tithe, it is no disadvantage to the land that we have
to compete with foreigners. I am not seeking to relieve
myself of tithe. I, for one, um willing to bear it for
the sake of the religion and morals of the people.—
(Cheers.) But when we are told that tithe is no
burden on the people, I beg leave to say that the
manufacturing interest, and the towns were of a dif-
ferent opinion so long as they were themaelves formerly
subject to the payment of tithe. Personal tithes, it
may be known to many of you, on the profits of in-
dustry of all descriptions, the profits of eves trade, arti-
fice, and negotiation were, in former timeil; as much
within the power of the church as tithes on land. In
course of time these personal tithes were in towns or
changed for a tithe ou houses.
"By the statute of 2 and 3 Edward VI., 1549-50, c. 13,
personal tithes enforced for the then future on every
person ex( rcising merchandise, bargaining, handicraft,
&c., in such places as where within 40 years they have
been accustomably paid, excepting day labourers, and
allowing the ordinary to examine as to gains by all law-
ful means other than the party's oath. The Act not
to extend to London or Canterbury, and their suburbs,
nor to any other town where tithes have been paid on
houses. Niger, Bishop of London, made a constitution
in confirmation of ancient custom, establshing certain
payments for houses in London (according to the num-
ber of Sundays and apostles' days), which amounted to
about 2s. 6d. in the pound, on the rent. This con
tinued till the 13th of Richard 11. (1380), when
Arundel, A chbishop of Canterbury, made an explana-
tion of Niger's constitution, by adding 22 more saints'
days, so that about 3s. sd. in the pound became the amount.
The citizens were very tumultuous, and great dissensions
continued till, by an Act of Henry VIII. (about 1520),
2a. Pd. became the sum. After the Great Fire of Lon-
don there was a new regulation by Act of Parliament,
and various sums from 100/, to 2001. a year were fixed
on each of the city parishes, to be fairly apportioned.
These sums were augmented by the 44th George 111.
from 200/. to 300/.—in one parish to 3331. Personal
tithes, 100 years ego, scarce anywhere paid, unless for
profits, by mills or fish. Recognised by the statute of
9th of Edward 11. (1316), as to mills ; but decided that
corn-mills only were intended, and that other mills
were not within the statute, nor is tithe due
of such otherwise than by custom." Then
when the manufacturers and townspeople tell us
that tithe is no burden on land, I am bound to say that
am of a different opinion, and if we pay tithes, which
the manufacturers do not, we are at least entitled to pro- -
tection against the untithed produce of foreigners.—
(Cheers.) So it is with the poor Tate.—(Hear, hear.)
Why, what did these noisy manufacturers con'ribute to-
wards the maintenance of the poor in this country ?
(Hear, hear.) At the present moment there was a re-
duction in the poor rate owing to the great and unpa-
ralleled prosperity of this country, not arising out of the
three years' free-trade measure of Sir 11. Peel, but from
those great works which were prosecuted by his /lon.
Friend, Mr. Hudson. The prosperity for which Sir R.
Peel takes credit belongs to those great enterprises
which my Hon. Friend, Mr. Hudson, has favoured and
promoted. But, how does the case as regards the poor-
rate stand? I find that the lands pay 52 100ths of all
contributions which are paid in this country for the
maintenance of the poor; while the manfacturers pay but
11 100ths.—(Hear, hear.) Such being the case, have
we not a right to say, that the landed interest pays an
undue proportion of the local burdens? —(Cheers.) The
land-tax is the same. Look at Yorkshire. Yorkshire
pays 51d. in the pound of land-tax, while Norfolk pays
Is. 54. ; Lancashira pa;-s 2d. in the pound land-tax,
while Essex pays Is. Bd.—(Hear, hear.) When there
were such discrepancies as these in the burdens of the
people, have we not a right to claim protection frOm
the laned interest against the untithed produce of
foreign countries, which contributes nothing towards the
poor-rate of this country ?—(Cheers.) But I stand here
the representative, not of an agricultural, but of a com-
mercial borough.—(Hear, hear.) I stand here as the
resresentative of the commercial marine of England,
and I ask how are these measures of free trade likely to
affect your interests ?—(Hear, hear.) I have now in my
pocket a return showing that the corn carried coastwise,
of British and Irish growth, employed 53,000 British
sailors in 1845. I have also looked to see what the
foreign corn has done for you.—(Hear, hear.) I
regret to say that many of those connected with
the shipping interest are so misguided, as I
think, with respect to their own interests, that
they have joined with the free-trade Minister, and
they hoped that their interests might be helped
by a free trade in corn with other countries. Now
I wish to examine this question, and I refer to the
foreign corn trade in the last year. There were
employed of British seamen, in carrying the
corn of Poland, Russia, and other countries in Europe,
to this country, only 5,000, and between 5,000 and 10,000
seamen of foreign countries.—(Hear) Then I ask those
engaged in the commercial marine of this country—l ask
not only the met chants but the seamen, whether they would
not suffer by changing the home trade for the foseign. It is
not a question of importing 2,000,000, or 3,000,000, or
4,000,000 of foreign IN heat in addition to that which we
already consume; the real question at issue is this—
whether the inhabitants of this country are to be fed by
wheat of English, Scotch, and Irish growth, or by
wheat the growth
i of Poland, Russia, and America.—
(Cheers.) That s the question.—(Renewed cheers).
1. ask you whether you think you will gain by exchang-
ing your coasting trade, which employs annually 53,000
British seamen, for
a trade which employs so few?
—(Cheers). But it is said that all this is a mistake,
and that there is no reason why the British shipping
should not enjoy the same monopoly, under a
free-trade system, of carrying the coin of other
countries as of their own ; and that if the trade
is now uncertain, that all that is owing to the sliding
scale.—(Laughter.) Well, I turned my eyes to the
timber duties and to the timber trade. As you are all
aware, Sir R. Peel, in 1842, reduced the duties on
foreign timber to the amount of 30s. a load, by which,
in the course of the last year, he puts 17s. 6d. out
the 30s. into the pockets of the foreigner.—(Loud
cheers.) It is true that he relieved the railway pro-
prietors of the tax of 12s. 6d. which they had before
to pay ; but, in doing that, he sacrificed, as against
the people of this country, 17s. 6d., which he puts
into the pockets of foreigners.—(Hear, hear.) This is
the way I look at it. In 1839 the British merchants and
the British seamen enjoyed the major part of the trade
in timber with the Baltic. The number of British ships
was 661, and of the seamen taking charge of them,.
6,500. The foreigners had 640 ships and 5,900
sailors. I look in 1845, again, when Sir Robert
Peel's measures came into full effect, and when we
have all the blessings of free trade, as far as the
shipping interest is concerned, engaged with the Baltic.
What, then, is the condition of the merchants and of
British seamen ? Why the 660 British ships have
fallen to 640 ; and the British seamen, from being
6,500, or thereabouts, have fallen to about 5,000 or
6 000.—(Hear, hear.) But I turn and look at the
&c.--have risen
t o
other side of the account, and I find that the 630
or 640 foreign ships have trebled. in number, having
reached 1,890, and that the foreign seamen—Danes,
Swle7d,
do for you—(Cheers)—and that is what free trade
has done for you in the case of timber, take care that it
Germans,
ahpre Prussians,iis
an
n
of
what free trade will
it
does not do as much for
in
in the case of corn.—
(Cheers.) It was, I think, n one of the hot days in June
that this infernal Corn Bill passed.—(Hear.) I rejoice to
see here my Noble Friend the Duke or Richmond. It was
he who told the farmers of England that they, who held
the power to put Sir R. Peel in office, had also the power
to turn him out.—(Cheers.) On the same day that
the free-trade Corn Bill received the Royal assent, we
kicked Sir R. Peel out of office.—(Cheers.) It was said
that we bad disgusted the people of England thereby, as
if the farmers of England were disgusted with
what Mr. Cobden describes as poetical justice
(Cheers.) I have seen a letter addressed to a gentleman
whom we all know, Mr. Brereton, of the house of Brere-
ton and Blakeney, in Norfolk, from his correspondent at
Liverpool, who, in terms of reg!'et, informed Mr.
Brereton, who is a merchant dealing in corn, that hence-
forth all their commercial relations must cease, for that
Liverpool was so glutted with American flour that he
really did not know how to continue relations with Mr.
Brereton in the corn trade, unless he could dispose of
some American flour in Norfolk.—(Hear, and laughter.)
Now, I ask the farmers of Norfolk, and I ask those en-
gaged in the coasting trade, what they think they will
gain by exchanging their former system for free trade?
—(Cheers.) But I am told that the shopkeepers through-
out the country are in favour of free trade—this tree
trade which, in timber and corn, supplanted British ship
ping and seamen, and supplied their place from foreign
countries. Now, I would ask the grocers, the biscuit-
bakers, the butchers, the sail-makers, and the slop-
, sellers, &c., of this town, whether they found most
money spent in the place when a ship of my
respected
friend Mr. l3agge Comes home and is paid off in the port

of Lynn, or when some Norwegian or Swedish ship,
with some outlandish name, which I cannot pretend to
pronounce, enters Lynn ? How much of the cs ages of
these foreigners was distributed among the people of
Lynn ?—(Cheers.) Well, then, I turn to the farmers
of England and of Norfolk.—(Hear, hear.) This
is Tuesday's market, and I ask you all whether more
money is not spent in Lynn on the Tuesday's market
by the farmers of Norfolk and Lincolnshire than is
spent in all the week besides? and then I ask you if
you exchange the growing of corn by the farmers
of Norfolk and Lincolnshire for the growing of corn
by the farmers of Prussia, if you deprive them
of the commodity they must sell before they
can buy of you, I ask you ell, not only
those I have mentioned, but those who are engaged in
the ironmongery trade, wheelwrights, and others, who
combine all the trades nearly of this borough; if you de-
prive the farmers of their markets, and the means of
purchase, I tisk you, shopkeepers, though you may buy
bread at half price, which you can never have, whether
upon the change you would not be losers in the balance?
But it is avowed by the whole of the cotton lords, by the
manufacturers, by Mr. Cobden and Mr. Bright, that
Lancashire, and the Wrest Riding of Yorkshire are to
govern England henceforth. The chieet is to gain new
markets in America, Russia, and Prussia; but if they
do, it is by changing your markets, the markets of the
English farmers, for the markets of the foreigner.
They say, " Allow us to buy of the Americans, of the
Prussians, of the Poles, and of the Russians, and they will
take our cotton goods in return ;" but they forget that if
they buy the corn of Russia, of Poland, of Prussia, or
of America, they buy it instead of your corn, and if
they do, you must say " We cannot buy their cottons,"
for the simplest of all reasons, you will have no means to
pay for them when you have bought them.—(Cheers.) I
look at these things, and what do I find? I find that even
of one of those vaunted trades, the cotton trade, more than
3-sths of the whole are consumed in England, and that of
the woollen goods of the far-famed West Riding not3-sths,
but 4-sths of the whole are consumed in England.—
(Hear, hear.) ,It appears to me, and this I have always
argued, that the first that will be ruined will be the manu-
facturers themselves. Thep will change their customers
whose monopoly they at present possess, for new cus-
tomers who are not pleased to take their cotton goods
at all.—(Hear.) We were told by Sir R. Peel in an
early part of the session that Prussia was shaken ; but
she seems to he very firm, and determined to take nothing
from England but semi-manufactured articles. Free
trade now prevails ; but I have seen a return from the
cotton trade of Manchester, by Messrs. Gibson of the
state of trade until the 26th of July last, and they state
that for years their trade has not been so dull as in the
last month.—(Loud cheers.) It certainly seems by
Burns' Cotton Chart that in the last half year, as com-
pared with that of the six months preceding, there has
been an increased export of between 8,000,000 and
9,00.0,0001 b. of cotton yarn, very nearly a raw material,
it is too much to say semi-manufactured; but in the last
six months, as compared with the six months before there
was free trade, there was a diminution in plain and printed
calicoes alone of not less than 33,000,000 of yards.—
(Hear.) It therefore does not seem quite so certain
that even the cotton-spinners will gain by this change
(Hear.) But I must not lose sight of the great object
before me. My great object here is to suggest to
you the course which is to be pursued under the guidance
of Lord Stanley—(Loud cheers)—if that able and power-
ful statesman, whom I have long been proud to follow
—to whose opinions I look with undeviating confidence,
and under whose confidence it is for me to take coun-
sel with you what we are to do for the future.—(Hear,
hear.) I say you must not sit down and fold your arms.
(Hear, hear.) If the landlords of England will not lead
you as they ought you must act for yourselves—(Hear)
—you must not be contented with canvassing the
county elections—(Hear, hear)—but you must canvass
in the boroughs and in the cities.—(Hear, hear.) You
must explain to them in language that cannot be mis-
taken, that if they mean to live they must allow you to
live also.—(Hear, hear.) You must let them know that
your existence, and with yours that of the agricultural
labourers of England, depends upon them, and that
upon yours must depend their own.—(Cheers.) Sir
James Graham found it convenient to turn round upon
all his former speeches—(Hear, hear)—and to say that
this has ceased to be an agricultural, and has become a
commercial country.—(Cry of " No, no.") Yes ; Sir J.
Graham said so. I heard him say, on the 10th June,
last year, that one-third of the entire population of the
empire were interested in agricultural pursuits, and
rested for their subsistence upen the prosperity of agri-
culture. I will examine that statement now, and I find,
upon looking back to the official census, that he was
not mistaken. I find, that in the year 1831, that
census gives 18,000 and odd, not of persons, but of
families engaged in agriculture ; and, allowing five to a
family, which is the allowance always made, you have
9,000,000 persons in the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland engaged in agriculture alone.—
(Cheers.) I then turn to the same census to look
at the mass of the manufacturing interests,
and there I find that, including factories of
all descriptions, not of families, but of persons
employed in all the factories, cotton, woollen,
linen, and silk, and in all the mines to-
gether, the number does not exceed 1,000,000.—
(Hear, hear.) Well, then, although I admit that more
children. and women are employed than in agricultural
pursuits, if you take three in a family, it will give you
something like 4,000,000 persons engaged in manufac-
tures against 9,000,000 engaged in agriculture—(Eleer,
hear)—and with all that before us we are now told that
Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire are hence-
forth to govern England.— (Cheers.) But, my Lords
and gentlemen, I have now done with the commercial
question, and I come to the constitutional question—

(Cheers)—and eagerly as I have contested this question,
I will say that if the question of agriculture had been
honestly fought between the two contending parties
upon its fair merits, I should never have been heard in
the conflict—(Hear, hear)—but, as you all linow, with-
out any personal interest of my own, I felt with the feel-
ing of an Englishman.—(Loud cheers.) lam accused
of rude, coarse, and violent language, and of using such
license as never before was heard within the walls of
Parliament or had disgraced its dignity.—( Hear, hear.)
In the first instance I was roused to vengeance by the
way in which I saw the whole agricultural constituencies
of the empire betrayed.—(Cheers.) If anything could
have justified a man in rising in rebellion it would have
been the conduct of the late Prime Minister of England.
—(Hear, hear.) If I used strong language, a license
that had never before been suffered in the House of
Commons, it was because neither in my own time nor in
the time of living men had there ever been an act of
such prodigious tergiversation—(Cheers)—of such
treachery, of such political profligacy, as was com-
mitted by the Government of Sir R. Peel.— (Cheers.)
Why, gentlemen—l know not how—but the opinion
appears to have got abroad that the constituencies are
fair game; that they aro to be treated as the goods and
chattels of their representatives; that Members of Par-
liament are entitled to come down with vows and pro-
mises, to break them and to depart from the engage-
ments entrusted to them, and then to sell the electors at

the bidding of the Minister or dictator of the day.—
(Cheers.) As long as there is spirit in Englishmen I
will defend them—l will rise in indignatiou against such
conduct as that. It has given me a tongue that for 18
years was silent in the House of Commons—(Cheers)—
and if I am to be told that I have used a license that has
disgusted the country, I answer that I believe that if I
spoke from my own heart, I spoke the language of the
hearts of the nation.—(Loud and prolonged cheering.)
I can see no difference between political and any other
lying.—(Cheers.) I see no difference whether a man
obtains political power, and with power all its emolu-
ments and advantages, by false pretences, or whether a
poor and starving individual in the streets, to save his
life and that of his family, obtains bread by false pre-
tences.—(Cheers.) Well, then, this is the position of
affairs now. lam blamed by many of my friends that I
have turned Sir Robert Peel out of power.—(Loud cries
of " No," and cheers.) Now, I avowed from the first
that if free trade was to prevail, it ought to be carried by
honest men.—(Great cheering.) We were told that this
measure was to be carried partly, I am sorry to think,
by the assistance of one to whom this cquntry must ever
owe a debt of gratitude. I mean the Duke of Welling-
ton.—(Hear, hear.) I believe it was carried in a great
measure through h!s means, who told the Peers of Eng-
land that it was to save the Queen of England from the
government of Cobden that they must consent to vote
against their consciences.—(Hear, hear.) Now, I say,
for one,-that I had rather be governed by Cobden than
by Sir Robert Peel,—(Loud cheers.) We ask for an
open and an honest foe, and we find no difficulty in repel-
ling his honesty ; but we were betrayed by Judas pro-
fessing regard for the poor.—(Loud cheers.) I there-
fore call on you to exert yourselves now, and show that
you have still courage and manliness, and that you still
have the spirit that ever distinguished Englishmen, and
that you will not be made a base utensil to serve the
dirty purposes of every trading politician. The Noble
Lord then sat down amidst vehement and long-continued
cheering. _ _

Mr. Serjeant BYLES, proposed the health of the Duke
of Richmond and the house of Lords.

The Duke of RICHMOND, who was loudly cheered on
presenting himself, returned thanks in a short but im-
passioned speech, in the course of which he called upon
them to adopt as their motto " No Surrender."
Mr. Loos, a yeoman of Norfolk, then proposed the
health of the Marquis of Granby.
The Marquis of GRANnY returned thanks.
The Hon. Mr. WILSON proposed the health of Mr.
Disraeli.
_ _

Mr. DISRAVI, who, for several minutes, could not
obtain a hearing, owing to the enthusiastic cheering
with which he was greeted, spoke as follows :—My
Lord Chairman, and gentlemen, if I had those mystical
powers of compelling silence which the person who
rings the bell has on several occasions demonstrated
with so much success, I would not have detained you so
long while I receive from you a sympathy too flattering,
and which I wish I could believe I might ever deserve.
T--(Cheers.) But I need not tell you, it would indeed
Ihetorical affectation were I to tell you now how sen-
'sibit:T cm of the honour which I have received to-day
from' your hands, and that this is an occasion which
must ever rank in my life among those which I shall
ever cherish. You have met to-day to pay a deserved
homage to the representative you have long trusted, and
who never has betrayed you.—(Cheers.) You have
seen him to-day, after events of deep and exciting in-