The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-23 00:00:00

o. 16,799. LON DON, THURSDAY EVENING SIT Nsi JULY 23, 1846.

ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS, TRAFAL-
GAR-SQUARE.
LAST WEEK. _ _

Notice is hereby given, that the EXHIBITION of the ROYAL
ACADEMY will FINALLY CLOAE on SATURDAY NEXT, the
25th instant, at Seven o'clock precisely.
Admission (from Eight o'clock till Seven), One Shilling.
Catalogue, One Shilling.
HENRY HOWARD, R.A., Sec.
Exhibitors are requested to send for their Works on Wednesday,
the 29th, or Thursday, the 30th instant.

11IT'ISH INSTITUTION, PALL-MALL.
The GALLER Y, with a selection of PORTRAITS of EMINENT
PERSONS, is OPEN every Day from Ten till Six.
Admission, Is. ; Catalogue is.
WILLIAM BARNARD, Keeper.

p OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION,
A New and Interesting LECTURE, by Dr. Ryan, on the
PHENOMENA and EEFECTS of HEAT and CO!.D, at Half-past
Three .'aily, and on the Evenings of Mondays, Wednesdays, and
Fridays, at Nine o'c ock. f rutessor Bachhoffner's LECTURES on
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, with brilliant experiments, daily.
MACINTOSH'S REVOLVING ENGINE, COLEMAN'S PATENT
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE for ascending and descending Inclined
Planes, FARRELL'S ARCHIMEDIAN RAILWAY. the ATMOS-
PHERIC RAILWAY, all in action. HALLETTE'S ATMOS-
PHERIC RAILWAY VALVE. The OPAQUE MICROSCOPE.
The OXY-HYDROGEN MICROSCOPE' exhibiting a fine Collection
of Living' Objects. A beautiful Picture of the CHAPEL in the
CONVENT of CATHERINE'S, Jerusaltm, by Mr. Charles
Smith, is oue of the Series of DISSOLVING VIEWS just intro-
duced.

COLD WATER CURE.
The NYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT, ST. OS-
WALD'S, in the beautiful VALE of GRASMERE, Is now in FULL
OPERATION, under the superintendence of LEOPOLD STUMMES,
M.., Member of the Medical Faculty and Society of Physicians of
the University of Vienna, Honorary Member of the Faculty of
iNte,licine of Pavia and Naples, formerly one of the Physicians to the
Great Metropolitan Hospital at Vienna, and late Physician to the
Right Honourable the Earl of Lichfield, during his Lordship's long
stay in Graefenberg, where Dr. Stummes studied the Water Cure for
a year and a halt under Preissnitz, whose method he is now success-
fully practising at his own Establishment, where he may be eGusulted
daily.
For a prospectus apply to L. Stnmmes, M.D., St. Oswald's, Gras-
mere, near Anableside, Westmoreland.

744 f ATIONAL LOAN FUN 1.) LIFE ASSUR-
i.i ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNIIILL LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to Life Assurances end Deferred Annuities. The assured
has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for-
feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ;
also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in-
terests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible
rates.

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made In
December of the present year.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary.

THE CATHOLIC, LAW, AND GENERAL
LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY.
8, New Coventry-street, Leicester-square.
TRUSTEES.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Shrewsbury, Alton Towers,
Cheadle, Staffordshire.
The Right Hen. the Earl of Traqualr, Traquair House, Feeble-
shire, North Britain.
The Right Hon. the Lord Stafford, Cossey Hall, Norfolk.
A. [I. Lynch, Esq., Masteri n Chancery, 33, Queen-square.
Thomas Barnewall, Esq., 15, York-terrace, Regent's Park.
Thomas Eyre, Esq., 62,lteney-street, Bath.
DIRECTORS.
The Right Rev. Wm. Morris, D.D., Acton, Middlesex,
The Hon. Edward retre, 26, Wilton-crescent.
Sir Richard Jenkins, G.C.8., Director of the Hon. East India
Company, and of the London Joint-Stock Bank.
The Very Rev. Mons. A. Magee, D.D., 9, Romney-terrace,
Westminster.
Rev. Thomas Doyle, D.D.. London-road, Southwark.
Henry Clark Duppa, Esq., Quarry House, Boughton.
Francis M.Donnall, Esq.' Usk, Monmouthshire.
James Reade, Esq., 13, Lower Berkeley-street. Director of th
National Bank of Ireland.
William Seymour, Esq., Montague-place, Russell-square.
AUDITORS.

E. Jerningham, Esq. I James Marshall. Esq.
CONsuLTING rtasicteN—James Copland, M.D., F.R.S., 5, Old
Burlington-street.
CossmatNa St,Rszott—William Teers.n, Esq., 23, Bryanstone-
square

STANDIN COUNSEL.
England—Mr. Serjeant Shee, Sergeants' Inn.
Edm. 14eales, Esq., Stone-buildings, Lincoln's Inn.
Ireland—Sir Colman O'Loughlen, Bart., Merrion-square, Dublin.

SOLICITORS.

England—Messrs. Norris and Sons, 2, Bedford-row, London.
Ireland—Messrs. P. and D. Mahony, 23, William-street, Dublin.

CONSULTING ACTUARY-Willi/41Z Lewis, ESQ.
BANKERS.

The Commercial Bank of London, Lothbury, and Henrietta-street,

Cevent-garden.
The London Joint Stock Bank, G9,,Pa11•

SECRETARY—WiniaM Norris, Esq.

The Deed of Settlement of this Company having been approved
of by the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies, is now lying for Sig-
nature at this Office, and will remain until Saturday, the 13th hut.,
in lusive, from len, ♦.M., to Four, r.ni.
June 4, 1846.

BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH,
NEW.ROAD, LONDON.
310RISON'S PILLS, THE VEGETABLE UNIVERSAL
MEDICINE.
An Agent for the sale of the above Medicine is to be found in
every town in the United Kingdom, and most of the principal cities
throughout the world. See that the words " Morison's Universal
Medicines" are engraved on the Government stamp adixed to each
box, in white letters on a red ground, without which none can be
genuine. No chemists or druggists are allowed to sell Morison's me-
dicines. The following are the principal depots in London :
Hygeist Office, 368, Strand.
3lr. Field, 65, Quadrant, Regent. street.
Mrs. Good, 53, Cambridge street, Edgeware-road.
Mr. Lofts, 3, Park-place, Mile-end-road.
Mr. Chappel, 84, Lombard-street, Cornhill.
Mr. J. Haines, 20, New-road, St. George's-in-the-East.
Mrs. E. I)ars, 55, Watling-street.
Mr. Baldwin, 33, Great Tower-street.
Messrs. Hannay and Co., Perfumers, OS, ar.fbrd-street, and
ricyal Exchange.
Mrs. Baucher, 128, Tottenham-court-road.
Mr. Norhury, Post-office, Bent ord.
Mr. S. Williams, 6, Sloane-square, Chelsea.
Mr, Batten's Library, Clapham.
r. H. Langley, 53, Great Chart-street, East-road. Hatton.
Mr. 11. Johnson, perfumer, &c., 68, Comhill.
Mr. William Hallett, 83, High Holborn.
Mr. Draper, 42, Great Queen-street.
Mr. Griffin, 182. Strand.
llrttish Collesro of Health, New-road. L011(10.11

PUBLICATIONS.

FOLTIZTEENTII EDITION of the SILENT FRIEND on Human

Frailty, with Coloured Engravings.
Jutt published, price 2s. 6d., tl-ee by post (in a sealed envelope) 39.6 d.,
or the t''e
THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on
effects of indulge- ce, &c.,
Infirmities of the System( n both acmes • and on the lost
grarviiinbligs.h;.drollobywatdheeyAoubtsheoomaktylaoonndit,
are rally pointed out
IV ft. and L. PEI4ItY and Cos.
reproductive powers, with means of restoration. The baneful
Illustrated by Eu-
omcoreauriritingageAurgeone, London.
:73..,yr.RhiecmhTa.d at their residence
19, BERNEIts-STREET,
Sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Ilazinay and Co., 63, x 0 -
lord-street; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Park's:. i:ornpton-
street, Seho ; Sanger and Co., Oxford-street ; and all Ilooksellurs.
"We retard the work before us, the ' silent Fri.l.7ld,' as a work
embracing most clear and practical views of a series of complain+,
hitherto little understood, and passed over by a majority of the me-
dical profession, for what reas,sn we are at a loss to know. We must
however confess that a perusal of this work has left such a favourable
impression on err minds, that we net only recommend, but cordially
cc-4h every one who is the victim of past folly, or suffering from indis-
cretion, to profit ley the advice contained in its pages."—Age and Argus.
The CORDIAL BALM of STItIACUM is eat iusively directed
:o the cure of nervous debility, irregularity, weakness, loss of ap-
oetite, Indigestion, consumptive habits, and debilities arising from
&c. In bottles, price I Is., or the quantity of foot in (me
bottle tor 335., 3,y which I is. are saved. The five-pound cases may
be itad as usual.

The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESmENCk, a remedy
for searching out and purifying the blood from scurvy, blotches
on ih c head, face, and body, ulcKrations, and those painful
affections arising from iinpr.per treatment or the effects of mercury,
rtpitoving secondary symptoms, and all eruptions of the skin. Price
11e. and 335. per bottle.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS, price 2s. 9d., 4.9. 6d.,
end 1 is. per box, are the most effectual remedy for strictures, inflame
motion, &c., without hindrance to business.
Consultation tee, if by letter, 11. Minute detail of cases necessary.
Messrs. R. and L. Perry aLd Co., surgeons, may 6e consulted, as
usual, at 19, Berners-street, Oxtnrd-.treet, London. daily, and at
to 6, Duke-greet, Liverpool, every Thursday, Friday, and Saturday ;
rind at 10, St. John-street, Deansgate, Manchester. on 111-cidays,
Topedave. and wean.edays.

ON THE SEcvEr INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND
MATURITY.
WITH TWENTY-FIVE COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.

Just published,ST;ieenthilrousand, in a sealed envelope, price
28. 6d., or post paid, to any address, for 3s. 6d. in Postage Stamps
or Post-Mike Order.
ELF. PRESERVATION: A Medical Treatise
on the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity.
Illustrated with Twenty-five Coloured Plates on the Anatomy,
Physiol gy, and Diseaser of the Urinary and Reproductive Organs,
explaining their various structures, uses, and ftmctions, and showing
the injuries that are produced in them, by solitary habits, and other
excesses. With Practical Observations on the Treatment of Nervous
Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and other diseases of
the Urethra.
By SAMUEL LA'MERT, CONSULTING SURGEON,
9, Bedford-street, Bedford-square, London ;
Matriculated Member of the Umversity of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital 111edical Society, Licentiate of
janzdovnlE,wB7.o,
s&Cr.nz
Apothecaries' Hail.

"The author of this singular and talented work is a legally quail-
tied medical man, who has evidently had considerable experience in
the treatment of the various disorders arising from the follies and
frailties of early indiszretion. The engravings are an invaluable ad-
warning to youth and maturity, and by its perusal
dition, by demonstrating the consequences of excesses, which must
act us a salutary
many questions may be satisfactorily replied to, that admit of no ap-
peal, even to the most confidential friend."—Era.
Published by the Author, and may be Ind at his residence; also
from S. Gilbert, 52, Paternoster-row; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-
street; Staria, Tichborne-street, Quadrant; Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street, London; Newton, 16, Church street, Liverpool; and by
all Booksellers.
At Home for Consultation daily, from Nine till Two, and from
Ilya till Eight ; and all letters immediately replied to, if containing
the fee of Si., for advice, 8r4.-9, BEDFORD-STREET, BEDFORD-
, squAnz. LONDON,

_DOUGLAS JERROLD'S WEEKLY NEWS-
, PAPER. No. 2.—Thu WHI TTINGTON CLUB for the
CLERKS and ASSISTANTS of LONDON, in addition to numerous
other Original Articles, and all the News of the Week. Order of any
Newsman.

THE SUGAR QUESTION.
(From the Times.)
The time is come when the discussion of the last great
question of commercial reform must bring the whole
question of the slave trade once more before the country.
It is at least as essential that the policy of the Govern-
ment on this momentous subject should be established
on enlightened and practical principles, as that the exact
amount of duty to be paid on some thousand hogsheads
of foreign sugar should be equitably determined. Those
evil days are happily long since past when the slave
trade itself was debated as a British question, and its
horrors palliated by supposed British interests. As far
as the mercantile pursuits and the colonial system of
this empire are concerned, the slave trade and slavery
itself are eradicated ; and England has embarked too
deeply in the great experiment of emancipating the
negro race, and of inculcating the lesson of free labour
in her colonies, to abate her efforts in this cause. But
in the long course of measures with reference to this
object which have been demanded by the people and
adopted by the Government of this country, a mass of
experience has been acquired, to which we must allow
its full weight if we intend to avoid a complete and dis-
astrous failure. The generous suggestions of humanity,
the sacrifices and exertions of half a century, will have
taught us little indeed, if they have not taught us to
avoid some acknowledged errors, and to reject some in-
controvertible delusions. At the present time, there-
fore, if it be our duty to maintain with unabated force
our hostility to the slave trade, it is no less our duty to
select means of repressing it which experience has not
proved to he ineffectual and dangerous. Nothing is to
be gained by a passionate contention for expedients
which have already failed ; and it is far more conducive
to the real suppression of the slave trade, and to the
general interests of humanity, to acknowledge error*
of this kind than to persist in them. This feeling has
of late years extorted from several of the most power-
ful and virtuous opponents of the slave trade an ac-
knowledgement which could not have been made with-
out pain by men who had devoted the best years of their
lives to this cause. Nothiug but a misjudging fana-
ticism can' attempt to withhold or to invalidate these
declarations or the facts on which they rest. No pious
fraud will put down the slave trade ; and it is of much
less importance to form a correct estimate of the zeal
which has inspired our efforts than to ascertain what
positive results have followed them. In spite, then, of
all that has been done by this country and by France
and the United States, each of which has effectually put
an end to slave trade in its own territories, or under its
own flag, we are met at the outset of this inquiry by
the appalling fact that the number of slaves exported
from Africa has doubled within the last thirty year*,
and that it never was carried on with greater activity
than at the present moment, or with equal barbarity.
The papers annually laid before Parliament furnish
most abundant evidence of this deplorable truth; and of
late years the men who have been most strenuous in
the cause have not hesitated to avow their conviction on
this point. The book published in 1840 by the into Sir
Fo well Buxton will be fresh in the memory of our
readers; that zealous abolitionist had learned from ex-
perience that the moral impossibility of compelling
foreign Powers to observe the stipulations of their own
treaties with us, and the physical impossibility of pre-
venting a contraband trade in negroes on the African
coast, defied our diplomacy and our navy, and pointed
out the necessity of using other means of repression.
Several members of the present Government have, on
various occasions, both in and out of office, avowed
similar convictions. In Lord John Russell's letter to
the Treasury of the 26th December, 1839, after stating
his belief that more than 100,000 sieves are annually
imported from Africa into foreign states or colonies in
America and the West Indies, and that this illegal
traffic is stimulated by tenfold profits and protected by
insurances, his Lordship (who was then Colonial Secre-
tary) adds, " under these circumstances, to repress the
,foreign slave trade by a marine guard would scarcely be
possible it the whole British navy could be employed
for that purpose. It is an evil which can never be
adequately encountered by any system of mere prohibi-
tion and penalties." Upon the production of the last
instructions to cruisers on the coast of Africa, Lord
Clarendon stated, in the House of Lords, that he had
arrived at a similar opinion as to the inefficacy of the
preventive force; and when Lord Palmerston insisted,
in the House of Commons, upon the necessity of main-
taining the Right of Search Conventions with France,
Lord Grey demonstrated the fallacious character of our
cruising system, and the great objections and abuses to
which it is unavoidably exposed. The new treaty with
France having only been in full operation on the
coast of Africa since the Gth of March of the present
year, we have no means of judging of its results,
though we entertain no dostbr 'hat from the increase of
force, the introduction of; teamers, and the improved
system of co-operation now existing between the British.
French, and American squadrons, the blockade is far
more effectual than it has ever been before; and Lord
Palmerston had no right to assert, as he did the other
night, that if his instructions had been adhered to for two
years more, the slave trade would have ceased on the coast
of Africa. His own colleagues have distinctly admitted
that the system he had constructed with so much indus-
try, and which he managed with so little regard for the
independence of foreign nations, was a total failure.
Another system is now upon trial, less vexatious to com-
mercial interests and more formidable to the slave dea-
ler. The cruisers have been doubled, and treaties for
the abolition of the slave trade have been ratified by the
mark of the unlettered potentates who have heretofore
trafficee in the bodies of their subjects along
the Bight of Benin. From April, 1844, to July
1845, no less than seventy-five vessels with
slaves on board, or equipped for the slave
trade, were detained or destroyed by the British
cruisers—a larger number, wo believe, than were ever
before captured within the same time. But we must
confess our scepticism as to the ultimate success of the
system, and our conviction that it is not in the African
seas but on the soil of America that the slave trade can
alone be abolished. At the present time the system of
mutual insurance in Brazil is so perfect, and the prices
of slaves sohigh, that we are informed by the last report
of the Commissioners at Rio that the capture of four
vessels would not subject the slave traders to loss, pro-
vided the fifth succeeded in landing slaves in Brazil. If,
therefore, tee apprehensions which have been powerfully
expressed by the authors of a protest against the admis-
sion of slave grown sugar were justified by the result of
that measure, and if itwerecertain that this new premium
on the slave trade would increase the actual amount of
that abominable traffic, we should regard any additional
preventive measures of a maritime nature as a mere at-
tempt to impose upon the public by an expensive, dange-
rous and inoperative illusion. But it becomes us to inquire
whether these apprehensions are not imaginary and
exaggerated, and whether any portion of the guilt of
encouraging the slave trade can attach to those who
propose the admission of slave-grown sugar to our
markets. Our anti-slave-trade measures have of late
years been of two kinds—first, a preventive service on
the coast of Africa ; and, secondly, the prohibition of
slave-grown produce, whereby the slave-trading states
were placed under disadvantages in the English market.
It is now proved that the last of these measures is as
ineffectual as the first, for we have not been able to in-
duce the Brazilians to adopt more rigorous restrictions
on the trade ; they have found compensation else-
where for the injury done to their commercial rela-
tions with ourselves, and the slave trade has gone on
with just as much activity as before. The experiment
of the prohibition of slave-grown sugar has therefore
failed upon trial even more completely than the expe-
riment of the cruisers, and for very obvious reasons :
the markets of the rest of the civilised world re-
main open to the sugar which we reject, and we our-
selves do not reject any of the other commodities, such
as cotton, coffee, tobacco, copper, bullion, &c., produced
in Brasil, Cuba, and the United States by slave-labour.
Not only has this experiment failed, but we doubt whe-
ther it has produced any perceptible effect whatever, or
even checked the evil it was intended to counteract.
The actual amount of the profits of the slave trade is so
great, the price of negroes in the slave-trading countries
so high, and the export of negroes from Africa so large,
that we question whether it could be materially in-
creased even if the trade were not restricted. The Eng-
lish sugar market has not been needed to induce the
planter of Cuba to extend the cultivation of the sugar-
cane by every possible means, and to enable the slave-
trader of Rio Janeiro to clear 200 per', cent. on his
infamous cargoes. Where the direct causes which
induce men to brave the infamy of the slave trade and
the increasing perils of a slave population are so strong,
and where the direct opposition of our cruisers is so iii-
operative, we confess that the mere indirect check of ex-
cluding one slave-grown commodity from one market
appears to us unworthy of consideration, and wholly
powerless. There is no mediumi_ between absolute com-
mercial non- intercourse w th slave countries as a matter
ifiirreAtTsetihrerestie'rtri
as
we
confidently
anticipate,
of principle, and desisting from the attempt toforceforeign
states into the adoption of our views. The true value of
powers
the
.s e
e. ato n
dw
the
hn e
security
its
ebuerhi w
Iti Theelt
now ascertained •to •
is
these attempts is n insist on them is
only to aggravate our failure. Do we then despair of
the cause to which the mind of this country is so deeply
terror and the danger which an increasing
and conscientiously devoted ? no means.
There
African population brings into the heart of every Ain -
arileraenad)c•olenxmisutnsiitny ;the British West Indies, and the suc-
cessttnsd v‘thheicehenp'eilrli'msnt of free labour and the opening of the
colonial trade. one day at-
-

iIA RMY.— understand that
Dr.
at present physician to the
hydropathic establishment at Grasmere, in Westmoreland,
has proposed to the Commander-in-Chief the introduction
of the hydropathetic treatment into the military hospitals,
Ysl)tußmoPmAeTs,lllY-- INate of Vienna,
more especially of the East and West Indies, for the cure of
fevers and inflammatory diseases. To restore the soldier to
his duty much sooner than by the ordinary treatment is
possible, and, consequently to increase in the same degree
the effectiveness of the troops, besides economisin4 to the
the principal arguments by which Dr. Stummes supports his
p treasuryropproposal.
. thousands The).
a of r
e very
ry spoundstro in n
gon
es drugs;, and, as they seem to be these, it is said, are
well founded, we have heard with pleasure that the subject
is entertained by the Commander-in-Chief, and that Dr.
Stummes has been requested to put himself in communica-
tion with the army medical department.—United Service
Gazette, July 4.
During the present half-year, 1,054 prisoners were
brought up at the Leeds Court-house ; during the first half
of last year 849 increase, 206.

------'~-,

REPORT FROM THE SELECT
COMMITTEE ON METROPOLITAN SEWAGE
MANURE.
The Select Committee appointed to consider such plans
as shall be laid before them for the application of the
Sewage of the Metropolis to Agricultural Purposes,
and to report their opinion to the House; to AL hom the
Metropolitan Sewage Manure Company Bill and the
Reports of the Commissioners, and all Petitions on
the subject of the said Bill, were referred; and who
were empowered to Report the Minutes of Evidence
taken before them to the House; hive coris'dered the
matters to them referred, and agreed to the following
Report:—

Your Committee having directed their attention to the
several documents referred to them by your Honourable
House ; they have considered the scheme proposed by
the Metropolitan Sewage Manure Company for carry-
ing away the refuse of the Rinelagh and King's Scholars'
Pond Sewers, and rendering it available for agricultural
purposes ; they have examined the objections made to
that scheme upon public grounds in the several petitions
referred to them ; they have entered so far into the
merits of the competing projects as to enable them to
decide, whether on their account, and for their sake, the
Bill of the established company now standing for a se-
cond reading, should be rejected or postponed; and
after examining witnesses on the subjects connected
witn their inquiry, they have agreed to the following
report:—

With regard to Mr. Wicksted, who proposes to earry
off the entire sewage of London in a tunnel of from 8 to
12 feet in diameter, and at a depth of from 40 to 80 feet
under the level of the streets of London, they believe
that the first experiment of dealing with sewage water
had better be tried upon a smaller scale, upon one or two
sewers only, and at a less formidable expense. It ap-
pears, moreover, from the evidence of Mr. Wicksted
himself, that the temporary concession of the two out-
lying sewers in question to other parties would rather
facilitate than impede the ultimate development of his
scheme.

Your Committee, therefore, are not disposed to re-
commend the postponement or rejection of the present
Bill for the sake of Mr. Wicksted's plan. Neither would
they be influenced to adopt this course by the considera-
tion of Mr. Higgs' project.
Mr. Higgs proposes to construct, at the mouth of a
sewer, or in some convenient spot to which the water of
the cower might be made to flow, three tanks ; each of
which tanks is to be of sufficient dimensions to contain
the maximum amount of sewage brought down in the
space of twelve hours. The precautions with which he
proposes to deal with the sewage so accumulated, would
probably preclude the possibility of any deleterious or
offensive consequences, but the public mind is not at
present prepared to risk the establishment of any such
reservoirs, and no company has as yet been formed to
carry his scheme into execution.
Having thus discarded the objections which might
possibly be urged against the Bill, on the ground of its
interference with a preferable competing measure, your
Committee turn to those which have been either urged
in the petitions referred to them, or elicited in the
examination of witnesses.

The main ground of complaint advanced by the owners
or occupiers of neigbouring lands and houses is that power
has been taken in the Bill to construct reservoirs or
tanks for the reception of stagnant and offensive sewage
water. This power has now been unreservedly relin-
quished by the promoters. No reservoir, tank, or
catch-pond can be constructed by the company under
the proposed Act. The sewage will be conveyed in a co-
vered shaft from the main sewer into the well, from which
an engine will pump it into iron pipes. This process will
be carried on in a closed building, and any foetid ex
halations from the liquid during the short period it re-
mains exposed to the atmosphere, will be conveyed into
the furnace of the steam-engine. Any silt deposited in
the well by the running water will likewise be removed
from the well within this covered building, and precau-
tions may easily be taken for washing, and ultimately
disinfecting it, before it is carried out. The practise at
present is to shovel it by hand labour from the bed of
the open sewer upon the bank, where it lies until it is
purchased by the builders to make up into mortar. The
witnesses generally concur in stating that no other solid
matter will be deposited by the running water of the
drain. At any rate, the quantity will be so small as to
be easily disposed of, without annoyance to the neigh-
bourhood. The station-house will not, therefore, be a
cause of nuisance, and the liquid will be removed in a far
less offensive state than that in which it is now found,
when backed in the open sewer by the high tide, and
stagnating for hours together in the immediate vicinity
of an inhabited district, to be afterwards poured forth at
low tide into the open bed of the river.
The only danger or inconvenience, therefore, which
can accrue to the inhabitants is from the breakage of
pipes, or from the ultimate distribution of the sewage
water upon the land.
Your Committee are convinced that sewage water is
neither corrosive in its nature, nor liable to generate ex-
plosive gases. It may, therefore, be as safely conveyed
in iron pipes as the water of the Thames now is by the
several water companies ; and the general testimony of
witnesses, both favourable and unfavourable to the
scheme, leads your Committee to believe that when pipes
are laid down in a hard solid road fractures are of rare
occurrence. With the exception of the new ground be-
tween the station-house of the company and Belgrave-
!kquare, the proposed line is entirely of that character.
With the view, therefore, of avoiding all new ground in
public thoroughfares, your Committee recommend, that
instead of pursuing the route proposed in the Bill, the
pipes should be carried from the mouths of the sewers
along the bank of the Thames to or beyond Battersea-
bridge, from whence they may strike off into the coun-
try, without exposing the more thickly inhabited part of
the town to the unnecessary annoyance of having their
roadways broken up.
With regard to the application of the metropolitan
sewage water to the land, your Committee are satisfied
that it is diluted to so great an extent that its applica•
tion to the land will he less offensive than that of manure
in its solid state.

Having thus eisposed of all serious objections to the
proposal of the Metropolitan Sewage Manure Company,
your Committee cannot conclude their report without
urging upon the House the importance of a project which
proposes at all times to carry away the drainage at the
level of low tides, and to remove from the Thames the
daily increasing refuse of London. It is true that this
measure has lost something of its efficiency, in con-
sequence of the abandonment of the reservoirs.
The result of this concession is, that no more
sewage can be drawn at any time from the drains
than can be disposed of at the moment to the agricul-
turist ; but even this comparatively imperfect measure
will try a great experiment, and if the confident expecta-
tions of your Committee are accomplished, it will not
fail ultimately to realise all the advantages which were
originally contemplated. Mr. Dickenson has proved
the efficiency of liquid manures. The meadows of
Edinburgh and of Mansfield have shown the power of
sewage water. Mr. Thompson, of Clitheroe, and Mr.
Harvey, of Glasgow, have established the fact that liquid
manure may be applied at a cheap rate, by means of the
mechanical contrivance of service-pipes and hoses, to
crops in every stage of their growth.
There will be found individuals, no doubt, in this
country, of enterprise, to give further development to
each of these experiments ; but it is only through the
agency of a company that they may be all combined,
and applied to the important purposes of cleansing our
towns, purifying our rivers, and enriching our soil.
It is under these impressions that your Committee
recommend the proposed Bill, with the following modi-
fications and provisions, to the favourable consideration
of your Honourable House:-
Ist. That a line should be adopted for the main pipe
along the bank or bed of the river, to or beyond Batter-
sea-bridge, instead of the proposei line.
2d. That the State should reserve to itself the power
of resuming its entire property in the sewage, after a
certain period, upon conditions to be specified in the
Bill.

3d. That the power now specially reserved to the Co-
mmissioners of Sewers, should be extended to any autho-
rity which may hereafter be entrusted with the manage-
ment of the sewers.

4th. That clauses be introduced into the Bill providing
for the security of the public against any accidents
arising from breaking or leakage of the pipes.
sth. That nothing contained in the Act shall exempt
the company from liability to the present legal remedies
against nuisances.
6th. That nothing contained in the Bill shall exempt
the company from the supervision and control of any
authority which shall hereafter be established for such
purposes.
13th July 1846.

PROPOSED EXHIBITION OF
lIAYDON'S PICTURES.
PO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—The recent death of Mr. B. R. Haydon, the painter,
under the melancholy circumstances of embarrassment and
suicide, hastened, doubtless, by a keen sense of his neglected
merit, and the opposition of the "Royal Academicians," who
have at last, although too late, appreciated his talents by
forwarding for the benefit of his family a " gift" of money,
be doing which they acknowledge their own sense of in-
justice to the deceased—demands the consideration of the
humane to his family. As the late Mr. Haydon died so
unfortunately, it would now be good for a plan to be
adopted, by which bis bereaved family would reap some as •
sistance by the exhibition of his paintings.
It is suggested to the Committee by this medium, that if
the Lord Mayor would condescend to allow the use of the
Guildhall of the city of London, to show the paintings
en masse gratuitously, and the Committee for managing the
subscription would get some considerable quantity of the
likeness of the late artist, and a person or two appointed to
sell them at a small consideration, I have no doubt money
might be gathered by such means.
I beg leave, at all events, to request the Committee to
make a continued exhibition of the pictures in all places ob-
tainable, and thereby realise something for the widow and
family of a singular and eccentric man of genius, de-
stroyed by influences that prevail in high places.
I shall be obliged by your insertion of the above, if you
think it proper to appear, and remain, Sir, your obedient
servant, A CONSTANT READER.
Marylebono-street, Piceadilly,'July 20, 1846.

It is calculated that 300,000 persons now find ern •
ployment in the various operations in the smuggling trade.
In the time of Charles IL the number of persons so employed
was estimated at 100000.