The Sun.
London, England, 1870-05-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, .
LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1870

THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
The Archbishop of Canterbury left Addington-park
on Thursday, for his marine villa, Stonehouse, ,in the Isle
of Thanet. r It is thought that a month's residence at the
seaside, at this time of the year, will be of great use to
the Archbishop. His health has improved greatly during
the last few weeks, and several friends have visited his
Grace in succession. Amongst them have been the
Bishop of London and Mrs. Jackson, the Dean of West-
-minster and Lady Augusta Stanley,the Dean of Durham,
the Dean of Ripon, and Mr. J. Hassard.

THE RED RIVER EXPEDITION.

The New York Herald of May 6 publishes a long account
of the British expeditioa against Fort Garry from its
correspondent at Montreal: " There seems," he says "to
be an impression prevailing generally in Canada that the
expedition fitting out for Red River will not meet with
any serious resistance, but will prove to lee only a sort of
escort to officers proceeding to establish law and order;
that when the command reaches Fort Garry the settle-
ments will receive it in a friendly manner, and that the
only questions to be settled will be the responsibility of
Riel for the shooting of Scott. Of course this is all only
conjecture on the part of the confident Canadians, who
have an idea that the mere rumour that an expedition
would be sent against Fort Garry would strike abject
terror into the souls of every Winnipegger." - The Harald
correspondent is less sanguine, being, perhaps, not alto-
gether disinterested. The French Catholics in Canada,
numbering 80 out of some 180 members, sympathise with
their Red River brethren. The conscientious people of the
Dominion are also averse to it as they " realise what a ras-
cally operation the whole business of the transfer" has been.
The natural enemies of the party in power are also against
it, being glad to avail themselves of such a weapon against
the Ministry. The Fenian scare in Canada, continues
this correspondent, is subsiding, but the Red River pre-
parations still keep the military on the qui 'vire, and occa-
sion a vast deal of chilling, parading, brass-banding, &c.,
while the hotel registers are filled with colonels, majors,
captains, &c., to a degree that forcibly suggests to a
Yankee the scenes in Washington in 1862. After en;ume-
rating the regular troops now in Canada, the writer goes
on to describe the Canadian Militia, which includes all
the male inhabitants of Canada between the ages of
eighteen and sixty, with certain exceptions, such
as judges, clergy, schoolmasters, the only sons
of widows, &c. The militia is divided into two
classes, active and reserve, and the law provides for
annual paid drills of 40,000 fficere and men, in addition
to the reserve militia, numbering 656,500. The expedition
is to be drawn from both the regulars and the militia. Very
little is known of the country to which it is going, and
not a publication about Red River can be had in Mon-
treal. It is marvellous that no American publisher has
been enterprising enough to produces something which
would be eagerly bought by the hundreds who are anxiously
seeking details. The expedition will contain about 2,000
men, 1,000 of them being regulars.
A large number of Indians, half breeds and other men
familiar with woodcraft and wilderness travel, will be
employed as canoe men, scouts, and guides, and the expe-
dition, when ready to set out on its march from Fort
William, on the western side of Lake Superior, will pro-
bable- be the most complete military organisation ever
formed for such a campaign. Boats capable of holding
twenty men each will be taken by the expedition for the
navigation of the small lakes and water courses between
Lake Superior and Fort Garry. It was intended to send
forward men with provisions to form depots at various
points along the route, but this idea has been abandoned
On the ground that their possible destruction by theft, or
accident. or surprise, might ruinously affect the expedi-
tion. Stores are being collected, blankets purchased, and
steamers chartered, and it is hoped that the expedition
will be afloat by the 10th of May. If, however, the Ist of
June finds them started, there will be no cause for com-
plaint. To transport 2,500 men, with two months' pro-
visions, horses, cattle, and artillery, will require a big,
flotilla, and the march will necessarily be slow and toil-
some, probably requiring all of July to reach Fort Garry.
Lieutenant-General Lindsay, commanding the British
troops in Canada, has the charge of the fitting out of the
expedition, and Colonel Wolsley, the commanding officer,
is described as " a very magnificent soldier," who has seen
service in New Zealand, Caffraria, India, the Crimea and
China. lie wears seven medals, including the Victoria
Cross. The military rendezvous of the expedition is
established at Toronto. The use of the Crystal Palace at
that city has been given by its managers to the Dominion
Government fee barracks, and the troops, as fast as they are
collected,) ill be Concentrated there and organised into com-
paniee. The route of the expedition is a long and painful
one. The first 540 miles, however, are comparatively easy of
accomplishment. Steamers will transport the expedition
from Colling7wood up the Georgian Bay and through Lake
Huron, 250 miles, to the entrance into Lake Superior at
the St. Marie Canal, concerning the use of which the
piney of the government at Washington has been so
closely scrutinized. At this point the navigation between
Lake Huron and Lake Superior is conducted by means of
a canal- about 2,000 yards long on Michigan soil. It is
generally understood that the United States Government
will not permit the Red River expedition to pass over any
of its territory, and that the canal will be closed against
the steamers of the expedition. This imposes upon the
command the necessity of disembarking and marching a
short distance on Canadian soil to Lake Superior, and
with all the supplies and paraphernalia of the campaign
to unload, carry and reship, in view of which the in-
convenience to the expedition seems to be very
great.
Indeed it is not improbable that the supplies,
&c., are now quietly going through • that canal,
and all have passed comfortably on to Thunder Bay
before Uncle Sam is aware of it. From the St. Marie
canal to Fort William, in Thunder Bay, is a sail by
steamer of 238 miles. Here the expedition leaves the
steamers and strikes out into the uninhabited wilderness.
The chief difficultiem begin at Fort William. The Domi-
nion papers are some of them inclined to represent these
in their worst possible light. The Montreal News of April
29 says it is taken for granted that horses or oxen and
fodder will be provided at Thunder Bay, because neither
hay nor oats can be produced at that spot. The expedi-
tion we shall imagine landed at Thunder Bay.
It will then have forty miles land travel. At
starting the ground rises abruptly three hundred feet
within the first half mile, and keeps ascending for ten
miles, when an altitude of 1060 feet will be attained ; it
then descends slightly until the river Kaminitiquia, is
reached, when the road sinks rapidly. It is a toss up
whether the spring freshets have not swept away the
Kaminitiquia, bridge, but, supposing it to exist, the oppo-
site bank offers a sharp ascent of 750 feet. From that
point to Lake Shebandowan twenty miles of mountain
roads must be traversed, and over the entire forty miles
the boats and all the food supplies, hospitals, and war
material must be dragged and depots established. There
will be needed, at the lowest estimate, a hundred horses
and carts, because the cattle must transport their own
food. • Lake Shebandowan is twenty-nine and a half miles
long, hence its further extremity is sixty-nine and a half
miles from Thunder Bay. The traverse of the lake will
not offer any difficulties, but between that lake and Lake
Kaskaboiwe are three short sharp portages. If horse
transport is to be employed the cattle must be brought on
in special boats with stores of fodder ; if no cattle are pro-
vided, then everything must be portaged on men's backs;
the camp line must come into requisition. The expedition
cannot hope for any fighting for the first three hundred
miles, because the country is so denuded and bare that no
enemy_ can conceal themselves. The difficulties will
consist in the natural impediments of the country—a
road-broleen by incessant portages, so that at each break a
fresh system of transport must be organised. A land
route, however wretched, can be repaired, but this mud
turtle one will be something unknown in military move-
ments. We hope Colonel Wolseley is even-tempered and
not given to swearing, because his patience will be sorely
tested, and his hardest trial awaits him when he reaches
:the shores of the Lake of the Woods. That lake is ninety
miles from Fort Garry, and near it Riel will make a stand
if he means to fight. Our reasons for so thinking are,
that he will be close to his base of supplies, with prairies
in his rear, by which to escape, and thick evergreen cover
for his riflemen. The Lake of the Woods is an impostor ;
it is not like decent lakes that know their bounds ,• its
excuse is the depressed character of the land. One tries
to reach shore, but no shore can be found, and, after push-
ing and pulling till no further progress can be-made, those
who wish to continue their journey must jump out of the
boats; they- will find themselves on what Mr. Dawson
poetically describes as a " lake-like marsh." They must
not be discouraged when they discover that they cannot
reach the sandy bottom until they are waist deep or
shoulder deep in slush. No animal can venture on its sur-
face. A canal could be dug or fascines laid ; but then.
Riel might object to so obvious an assertion of proprie-
tary rights. There will be one advantage in wading
for several miles through this " lake-like marsh "—only
half of the body can be exposed to the demands of the
mosquitoes. Such is a short sketch of the road to Fort
Garry. The description is not an attractive one ; but
Colonel Wolseley will find the realities more serious." . •
The correspondent of the New York Herald reports that
many persons predict hard fighting, Garry by the time as it is believed 3,000
Fenians will be concentrated at Fort
the expedition gets there. It is well known that
O'Donohue, Riel's right hand man, is a zealous Fenian,
and that he has not only been a constant writer for
Fenian Papers in the United States, but has been in close
communication with the Fenian leaders ever since the
Red. River troubles first commenced. Last winter an
accredited and trusty agent of the Fenian headquarters
was sent to Fort Ga,rry to arrange for Fenian co-operation
in resistance to the authority of the Dominion Govern-
ment, and when it is taken into consideration that the
Red River flag is half Fenian, that the late Fenian
excitement along the Canadian border was caused by the
Fenians for the purpose of blinding the authorities
respecting the real plan to throw men and mate
rial across the Minnesota frontier into Red River,
and that the Fenians have always _ been on the
look-out for just such an opportunity to make-a descent
upon British territory and establish an Irish Republic,
the prospect of lively times at Fort Garry seems to be
pretty clear. Information from Chicago and St. Paul,
and the whispered rumours hi Canadian official circles,
clearly indicate that the Fenians will not be idle when the
Red River crisis approaches, and the expedition may find
its long and wearisome march through swamps and over
precipices the least of the difficulties to be encountered in
its, occupation of Rupert's Land. The Dominion Govern-
ment expects to have the - friendly co-operation of -all the
Indians in the Red River country, but with the stores and
other property of the Hudson Bay Company at his com-
mand, Riel may be able to purchase as many Indian allies
as the expedition. Such is an outline .of the expedition
drawn from an American point of view. No newspaper
correspondents are to accompany it,
i which is rather a re-
prieve for them, as the undertaking s thus summed up :
Crossing the Red River, about, 300 feet wide, the expe-
dition, will at last, after 538 miles by steamer, 349 k miles
by boats, and 144 miles of marching, reach Fort Garry`
1,03112 miles from Collingwood."

Crylr. SERVICE.—The great opposition to the
Civil Service Bill arises in Congress. The people at large
have no objection to see the, public departments filled
with capable and honest men. But to ask members
Congress to pass a measure depriving them of patronage
and influence is like inviting people to cut off their own
heads. Mr. Schenck and other gentlemen are, however,
in favour of Mr. Jenckes' bill, foreimeing that the want of
some reform such as it embodies must yet work serious
mischief. Mr. Jenckes must persevere. No great change
of this kind was ever accomplished without patience and
hard flgliting.—Neiv York Tones.

MR. SE WARD ON LAKES

AUBURN, NEW YORK, May 6.

A delegation of twenty of the prominent citizens of
Skaneateles paid a complimentary visit to Governor
Seward, at four o'clock this afternoon, at his mansion. A
collation was served, during which the Rev. Mr. Palmer
addressed Mr. Seward in behalf of the delegation, tender-
ing their hearty thanks for the privilege of the interview.
Mr. Sewerd responded in the following words :—" Gentle-
men,-1 our owe Skaneateles was the first lake I ever
saw. I have since seen many others in North America,
and some c lsewhere. Nevertheless , I still think your
little lake, with the smiling village .of Skaneateles re-
flected in its blue waters, is about the finest one I ever
saw. Owasco is a trifle nearer me, but neither more
admired nor more loved. All our lakes are beautiful, and
when I meet an old settler I seldom think, and I don't at
all care, whether he comes from the Owasco, the Skan-
eatelee, the Otisco, the Cazenovia, the Onondaga, the
Otsego the Oneida, the Seneca or the Cayuga Lake, 'or
from Lake Ontario, or Lake Erie, or Lake George, or
Lake Champlain, the dwellers on the shores of all the
lakes are so much alike, and I have been so long in the
habit of feeling as they feel, thinking what they think,
and doing, unless I can shew a good reason to the con-
trary, what they command. Sometimes a visitor drops
upon me here. I never fail in that case, whether my
guest is from an Eastern city, from Mexico, the West
Indies or the Pacific Coast, from an European capital or
from Pekin, to shew him the. houses of my neighbours,
that he may see the independence and comfort in which
they live—their Republican simplicity and their devotion
to progress and civilisation. Is it a conceit of nitric,
gentlemen, that the lake countries inspire arid elevate—
that they stimulate-loyalty and patriotism, philanthropy
and religion ? When the wandering Aztecs of the North
reached the summits in which the green valley of Mexico
is set, their priests affected a revelation which directed
that the capital of the future Montezumas should
be built in the waters of the Tezcuco. The won-
derful city thus created by savage hands remains
the enviable metropolis of civilised, Republican
Mexico. A like pretended revelation received by Brigham
Young on Vision Rock determined the site of Great Salt
Lake City, .at once an anomaly and marvel of civilisation,
and ultimately to become, as.l believe, a great social and
moral power in the centre of the Rocky Mountains. Is
there any poetry yet living in England that was not born
at Windermere? What Ins there ever been of moral,
political, or religious reform in Scotland that is not
associated by history, romance, or song with Loch Latrine
and Loch Lomond ? Did not Pliny find on the beach of
Como the literature, philosophy, and manners which he
loved and taught ? and was it not here that Garibaldi
organised the Republican revolution against the intrusive
Houses -of Bourbon and Hapsburg ? We trace to the
shore of Lake Leman with equal certainty the Iconoclas-
tic Republican religion of Calvin, and the social contract
theory of Rousseau. I think that the patriarchal history
would lose much of its instruction, if all mention of the
cities of the plains and the Dead Sea, had been suppressed.
And what would remain of even our blessed Christi-
anity itself if the writets of the Gospel had omitted the
narrative of Gennesaret, its waters and winds,
picturesque villages and humble fishermen. I sit
upon my door-sill here, and I look upon the travellers of
Europe and Asia, passing by day and by night over our
central railroads, and upon an inland trade, exceeding all
our forejgn commerce, ever moving on from the interior
of the continent to the ocean tides, on a canal which is
nothing more than the gentle overflow of our own beau-
tiful lakes gathered into a long and deep artificial river.
The thought then arises that the places in which cur
lives are cast are not only pleasant and inspiring, but they
are also a seat of empire. I came back, after a long and
wearying absence, to this my ancient house, not unlike one
of our native mariners, who, having for forty years buf-
feted the winds and waves of many climes and seas, finds
rest at last upon the sunny shore where his' early life was
passed, content and thankful to God that no ship that
was intrusted to his care has been wrecked ;.no crew lost ;
no owners ruined. A thousand thanks, then, my friends,
for this generous welcome. May our Heavenly Father
grant us to live affectionately while we are permitted to
live together, and to cultivate always the charity and
the sympathy with other men and other nations which,
while they bring cheerfulness to ourselves, are at the same
time the chosen means of Providence for the amelioration
of human woes throughout the world."

A. COUNCIL OF REVOLUTIONISTS.
The special correspondent of the New York Herald
lately furnished that journal with an account of a congress
of the "Nationalists and Radicals in London." This sin-
_ _

gular meeting, which has already been alluded to in these
columns, deserve some further description. The report is
given by the correspondent of the Herald as representing
the " actual working progress of the great European
democratic movement, having for its object the
attainment of a general Confederate system of

Republican government by the Old World peo-
ples." Where it took place we are not told ; but
the gathering was of a most comprehensive character, no
important country in Europe being ,unrepresented.
The president was a French journalist, who is very
decidedly " wanted " at the present moment by
the Paris police. The secretary was an Italian. The
American correspondent then describes their anticipa-
tions :—" It seems certain that during the autumn of the
Present year there will be a general rising of the
' reds' throughout Europe. Their object is to
create. a number of Republican States—as many
as there are nationalities bound together by
one federation, the capitpl of which is to be
Paris. Two things surprised me very much in what I
heard. The first is that the revolutionary party throughout

Europe does not regard France as by any means the mos
' advanced' in political opinions, nor by any means the
most wealthy as regards the money at the disposal of
their party. France, indeed, seems to be their chief *diffi-
culty, for, according to what I heard, the industrious and
the moneyed classes, without exeeption, are all in favour
of things remaining as they now are. But, still more
curious as it seemed to me, the chief hope of the
revolutionists in France is the highest nobility
and the oldest families. Those who hope and
wish for a return of the Orleans or the Bourbon
family to the throne would help, so they say, gladly
to overthrow the empire and create a revolution in the
hopes that during the confusion, or after a certain amount
of chaos, they and their friends might seize the power.
The French representatives at this Congress laughed
grimly at the idea, and said that once the ' reds ' Were in
power it would be a very long time before the ' whites
got the upper hand again. And still more was I surprised
with the great confidence expressed by the German re-
-presentatives from all parts of that country, par-
ticularly those from Prussia. The latter is now,
as they said, one huge kingdom that will help, and
was, indeed, intended, to pave the way for a large
German Republic. Of Austria and Bavaria there was
equal confidence displayed ; but the bringing about
of a Republic in Southern Germany was declared to be
more difficult than in the north. Of all the countries
respecting which their future was discussed, by far the
most confidence- was expressed respecting the kingdom of
Italy. It seems that from Milan to Naples the plans are
not only matured that will overturn the throne, but that
the whole army is with the Republican movement,
and the only fear expressed by those present
was that the flame should burst out in that country
before the rest of Europe is ready. Of Rome it was
feared that the Catholic feeling, so prevalent in France
and Southern Germany, would insist upon the Pope
remaining king of the Pontifical States, or, at any rate,
of Rome itself. Spain and Portugal are equally ready
to declare for a republic, and are only biding their
time. Switzerland is to be the basis of operations, and
from that country will the first notes of the trum-
pet be heard ; and when in each country upon the
Continent of Europe the people have overthrown
the reigning family and formed themselves into one
great federation of States, then is the ' regeneration ' of
Ireland and the ' conversion ' of England to commence.
Of the latter country very little was said ; of the former
a very great deal, but not more than is heard about the
-wrongs of Ireland everywhere save in England, for some-
how or other Englishmen never do believe that Ireland
has any just cause for complaint. Whether it was because
those present did not wish to compromise themselves too
much by what they said concerning England, or
whether their plans respecting this country are
as yet somewhat undefined, f cannot say." It
did not seem at all clear, however, how the great work
of regeneration was to be carried out. At any rate the
New York correspondent heard no details. " Those pre-
sent spoke—and I quite agree with them—that there is
groWing up day by clay in England a stronger and a more
decided feeling in favour of Republicanism, and a
desire to do away with the Crown as a luxury
which is far too expensive for the present day.
In Ireland, it is confidently anticipated, a
Republic will be established before the end of the year,
every country was carefully investigated, and the difficul-
ties in the way of success were debated with the greatest
liberality: From Russia there were three delegates—
two Russians and a Frenchman. If these gentlemen are
to be believed Russia is not only ripe for a huge revoluticei,
but the nobility of the land, nay, even many of
royal, or rather imperial, blood, will be the leaders
thereof when the tmao or rising comas. Abell of
what I heard I am bound in honour not to repeat, but
this much I may say—namely, that proof of the delegated
from" Russia speaking the truth was not wanting. In most
lands it is the poorer classes that commence a revolt ; but
in Russia it would seem that the nobles have for a very
long time been 'educating ' themselves, as Mr. Disraeli
would say, for liberty. and they are now ready to put the
lessons they have been learning into practice."
The writer concludes thus :—" After all that
I heard at this meeting, much of which I
repeat I am not at liberty to publish, I am
• quite of opinion that the autumn of 1870 will not pass
• away without a rising throughout Europe. Whether it
I will succeed or not it is impossible for me or any one to
say. But there seems to be in every part of the Old
World a feeling as if men were not only tired of the pre-
sent state of things, but still more tired of makeshift
changes. And what are all our reforms in Europebut the
most palpable makeshifts? As the London Times once
said, England, the most reforming country in Europe, is
governed by compromises, and no radical alterations are
possible among us."
of

Tho Hoosac tunnel, it is reported) is*now progress-
ing at the rate of ten feet a day—four feet from the west
end, and six feet from the east end. The central shaft is
descending at the rate of a foot a day, and it is asserted,
will be completed in about four months. The tunnel
has been excavated 11,765 at both portals, that is 6,946
feet at east side, and 4,819 feet on the west side.