The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-09 00:00:00

CHAP. VI.—OF THE JUDICIAL POWER.
85, The judicial power is practised in the name of the
King by independent tribunals, not subjected to anY
other authority but that cf the law. The sentences are
passed and ext cuted in the King's name.
86. The judges are appointed for life by the King, or
in his name. They cannot be deposed, temporarily sus-
pended, or removed against their will to another place,
except by judicial decision, and upon grounds provided'
for by the law; nor can they be pensioned, except for
reasons and under forms that are settled by the laws.
This regulation does apply to changes of place rendered
necessary by changes in the organization of the tribunal
or of their districts.
87. The judges cannot be charged with :other paid
Government appointments. Exceptions are admissible
only upon the ground of a law.
88. The organization of the tribunals is regulated
by law.

89. Those only can be appointed as judges who have
the legal qualifications for it.
90. Tribunals for special departments, as tribunals of
trade and commerce, shall, by way of legislation, be in-
stituted in those places where they are found necessary.
The organization and jurisdiction of the courts of trade
and commerce, and of the military courts, the procedure
in them, the appointment of their members, the peculiar
relations of the latter, and the duration of their office,
Kill he regulated by law.
91. The still existing two highest courts of justice
will be united into one.
92. The proceedings in the courts of law in civil and
criminal cases shall be public. Publicity, however, can
be excluded by a decision, which is publicly to be an-
nounced, if it threatens to endanger order or morality.
Publicity can also in civil causes be restricted by laws.
93. In all crimes subjected to severe penalties, in all
political crimes and offences of the press, the sentence
as to the guilt of the accused is passed by a jury. The
trial by jury will be regulated by a law.
94. The competence of the courts of justice and of
the administrative authorities will be defined by law.
The decision on conflicts of competence between the ad-
ministrative and judicial authorities belongs to a tribunal
to which the law refers such cases.
95. No previous permission of the authorities is re-
quired in order legally to proceed against public civil
or military officers on the ground of violations of the
law committed by them in overstepping the authority of
their office.

CHAP. VII.— OF THE PUBLIC OFFICERS.
96. The especial position of those of the public officers
who do not belong to the rank of judges, including the IVli-
nisters, is to be regulated by a law which, without limitieg
the Government in the choice of' its executive organs,
will secure to the officers a sufficient protection against
an arbitrary withdrawal of their office and income.
97. Iu the law respecting the servants of the State es-
pecial regard will be had to the officers duly appointed
before the proclamation of the Constitution.
CHAP. VIII. -- ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE Fi•

NANCE&
98. All the revenues and disbursements of the State
must be estimated for every year in advance, and carried
to the budget, which shall be confirmed every year by
a law.

99. Imports and taxes for the Treasury can only be
levied when taken into the budget or decreed by special
laws.

100. With respect to taxes no exemption shall be in..
troduced. The existing regulations shall be revised, and
every exemption abolished.
101. The public officers can only levy contributions
when authorised by law.
102. Loans to the Treasury can only be contracted by
the authority of a law. The same provision extends to
guarantees at the charge of the State.
103. For excesses of expenditure the subsequent ap-
proval of the Chambers is required. The public /recounts
are to be examined and confirmed by the Higher Cham-
ber of Accounts (Rechnungs hammer). The general
account for every year, including a review of the public
debt, is to be laid by the Higher Chamber of Accounts
before the Chambers fur the discharge of the Govern-
ment. The management and privileges of this Higher
Chamber of Accounts will be settled by a special law.
CHAP. IX.—OF THE COMMUNITIES, CIRCLES, DIS-
TRICTS, AND PROVINCES.
104. The dominions of the Prussian State are divided
into provinces, districts (Bezirhe), circles, and communi-
tit s (Gemeinde), the representation and management of
which is more accurately defined by special laws, based
on the following principles:-
1. The internal and special affairs of the provinces,
circles, districts, and communities, are to be decided on
by assemblies of chosen delegates, whose decisions shall
be carried into effect by the presidents ( Vorstcher) of the
provinces, &c. The law will determine the cases in which

* It will be considered at the revision of the draft Of
the Constitution whether part of the members of the First
Chamber are to be nominated by the King, and whether
seat in the Chamber is to be conceded to the head•burge-
masters of large towns, and to the representatives of univer-
sities and academies of arts and sciences.
f It will be considered at the revision of the draft of the
Constitution whether another electoral system might not he
preferable, especially that of a classification to be instituted in
town and country, in which case all those who have hitherto
been " Urwahler" would take part in the election.

the Supreme Judicial Court of the Monarchy in United
S. nate. So long I.s two supreme courts of judicature
still exist, they will be conjoined for the above purpose.
The det...ils of the arrangements for cases of responsibi-
lity, the course of proceeding, end the degree of punish..
went, will he decided by a special law.
CHAP. V.—OF THE CITAIFIBERS.
60. The legislative power is exercised in common by
the King and by two Chambers. The concurrence of
these three branches is essential to give validity to
every law.
61. The King, as well as each Chamber, has the right
of propoo,irg laws. No rejected proposal can be re'
newed the same session.
62. The First Chamber consists of 108 members.
63. The members of the First Chamber are elected by
the repres..,ntative3 of the provinces, of the departments,
and of the districts.—(Art. 104.) The representatives
of the provinces, of th 9 departments, and of the districts,
constitute the electoral body, as will be more minutely
regulated by the electoral law, and they elect the num-
ber of deputies corresponding to the amount cf the popu-
lation of their electoral districts.*
64. The legislating period ,of the First Chamber is
fixed at six years.
65. Every Prussian who has accomplished his 40th
year, who has not lost in consequence of a legal judicial
sentence the full possession of the civil r.;ghts, and who
five years has belonged to the Prussian Sta!e, is eligible
as a member of the First Chamber.
66. The Second Chamber consists of 350. hlembers.
The electoral districts are to be fixed in proportioo to the
population.

67. Every independent Prussian who has accom-
plished his 24th year, who has not lost the full posses-
sion of the civil rights in consequence of a legal judicial
sentence, has, within the parish where he dwelled or
lived for the last six months, the right of voting tie
au " Urwiibler," unless he receives relief from public
funds. j'
68. The " Urwithler " of each parish elect an elector
(Wahlmann) for every 250 souls of their population.
69. The representatives are elected by the electors.
The electoral districts are to be organized in such a way
that at least two representatives will be elected by one
electoral body.
70. The legislating period of the Second Charoteer is
fixed at three years.
71. Every Prussian who has accomplished his 30th
year, who has not lost the full possession of the civil
rights, in consequence of legal judicial sentence, and
who has belonged for one year to the Prussian State, is
elig ble as deputy of the Second Chamber.
72. The Chambers are el( cted *view at the end of their
legislating period. The same is done in case of disso-
lution. In both cases those who have hitherto been
members may be re-elected.
73. The way of proceeding in the elections for both
Chambers will be more accurately settled by the law for
the execution of the elections.
74. No substitutes for the members of either Chamber
are elected.
75. The Chambers are convoked by the King regularly
in the month of November of each year, and, besides,
as often as circumstances shall require it.
76. The Chamber will be opened and prorogued by
the King personally, or by a Minister charged by Mel
with that office, in a common sitting of both Chambers.
Both Chambers are at the same time convoked, opened,
prorogued, and closed. At the dissolution of one Chanir
ber, the other is prorogued at the same time.
77. Each Chamber examines the legitimation of its
members, and decides on it. It regulates its business by
an order of business, and elects its president, vice-presi-
dents and secretaries. Public functionaries do not re-
quire leave of absence for entering the Chamber. BY
accepting a paid Government office, or by promotion in
the service of the State each member of the Chamber
loses his seat and vote, and cannot recover his place ex•
cept by a new election. Nobody can at the same time be
member of both Chambers.
78. The sittings of both Chambers are public. Each
Chamber meets at the motion of its President or of ten
members for a secret sitting, in which first of all that
motion is to be discussed.
79. Neither of both Chambers is capable of passing a
resolution, unless the majority of the members be pre-
sent. Each Chamber passes its resolutions by an abso'•
lute majority of votes, with the reservation, however, of
those exceptions which possibly may be settled by the
order of business for elections.
80. Each Chamber separately has the right of direct-
ing addresses to the King. Nobody is allowed person-
ally to present petitions or addresses to the Chambers or
to one of them. Each Chamber may refer to the Minis-
ters the writings addressed to it, and demand from thew'
information respecting the complaints received by the
Chamber.
81. Each Chamber is entitled for the purpose of in-
formation to nominate commissions for investigating
facts.
82. The members of both Chambers are repreeenta-
tives of the whole people. They vote according to their
free conviction, and are not bound by any orders or in-
structions.
83. They cannot be called to account on the ground
of their votes in the Chamber, nor of their opinions
pronounced there. No member can, during the period.
of the sitting, on account of an action liable to punish
ment be legally prosecuted or arrested without the con- .
sent of the Chamber, 'except he be seiz- d in the act, or
within the next 24 hours. The same consent is required
for an arrest for debts. Every penal procedure against
a member, as likewise every inquisitorial or civil impri-
sonment, is suspended during the sitting, if the respec-
tive Chamt er demand it.
84. The members of the First Chamber receive neither
their journey's expenses nor daily allowance. The
members of the Second Chamber receive from the Trea-
sury of the State the expenses of their journey and a .
daily allowance, according to law. Refusals cannot be
permitted.