The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-24 00:00:00

COMMONS' SUMMARY.

The SPEAKER took the Chair shortly before Fear o'clock,
Several Railway Bills were read a second time and or•
dered to be committed.

Mr. W. PATTEN presented a petition froM Burnley, in
Lancashire, praying for a free pardon for Frost, Williams,
and Jones.

Mr. WILLIAMS presented similar petitions from Coventry.
Petitions were presented for and against the free-trade
measures brought forward by the Government.
Mr. O'CoNnut.t. had to complain of a breach of privilege
on the part of the Morning Chronicle, in having nude him to
say yesterday, with respect to the execution et Seery, that he
had laid the case upon the subject before Mr. Baron PENNE-
FATHER, and that that Learned Judge had decided against
Lim; now, what he stated was, that that Learned Judge
had decided in his favour. Ile was sure that the error was
unintentional, and he should therefore not press the matter
further.

Sir R. PEat, presented a petition from the American
Chamber of Commerce of Liverpool, praying the house to
come to a speedy determination with respect to the Ministe-
rial question now before it.
Mr. O'CONNELL gave notice that he should on the 26th
move that the correspondence between Dr. Cartwell and the
Lord Lieutenant of -Ireland, relative to the execution of Leery,
should be laid on the table.

--Sir IL PEEL gave noticeof hisintention on Monday next to
move the thanks of the House to the Governor General of India
and the officers and men employed in the recent operations
on the left bank of the Sutlej ; and in order that the subject
might be properly understood by the Rouse, he should, a few
days previously, lay on the table dispatches that had been
received by the Government from the Governor-General of

Mr. ESTCOURT then moved, pursuant to notice, that so
much of the report of the Committee on Standing
Orders, presented on Friday, which related io the
West Riding Union Railway petition for leave
to bring in a Bill, be annulled, and that
the notice be expunged that the West Riding Union Railway
be brought in. The error that had been committed was
merely technical, but the Committee had that day come to
the resolution that the standing orders should not be dispensed
with in the case of the West Riding Union Railway Bill.
and had directed him by their Chairman to report it to the
House, in order that no unnecessary delay should occur to
the parties.
After some observations from Mr. C. Wool?, Mr. B.
DICNISON, Mr. AGi.IONRY, and Lord MORPETH, the subject
was referred back to the Committee on Standing Orders.

„ ...
Mr. HUME moved for certain notices relative to the carriage
of letters and newspapers to the East Indies, and also for re-
turns relative to the Cape of Good Hope.—Agreed to.
Mr. CURRY in answer to a question from Admiral DUNDAS
and Sir C. NAPIER, said, that when the navy estimates
were brought forward. A new argument a new argument
would be suggested relative the retired list of officers
Mr. MORGAN JOHN O'CONNELL then resumed
the adjourned debate on the Free Trade measure of the
Government. He was not ashamed to own that his
(LEa-F sirrura.)
-

THE LONDON GAZETTE.
(THIS EVENING•)

This Gazette contains a notice stating that it was not the
intention of the Hon. James Lindsay. to defend his return for
the borough of Wigan.
will hold a draw-
. I.ootßi
eDe iCs IhleAr
eltlyß Eg
iRr
eLnA,
tliNl
a' St,
r OFFICE,Majest,
yF B . 23, 1846.
Royal Highnes the ing-room, at St. James's I'alace, on Thursday, the 16th
FEB. 23.
of March next, at two o'clock.
next, LtlOreß2l)7thCiHnsAtaiNnlßt,lifoßrLhAiBlNla'tSe OFFICE,RO3
Orders for the Court's going into mourning, on Friday
Arch-
Duke Duke of Modena, viz.:—
The Ladies to wear black silk, fringed or plain linen, white
gloves, necklaces and car rings, black or white shoes, fans
and tippets.
The Gentlemen to wear black, full trimmed, fringed or
plain linen, black swords and buckles.
The Court to change the mourning on Tuesday, the 3d of
March next, viz
The Ladies to wear black silk or velvet, coloured ribbons,
fans and tippets, or plain white, or 'gold and white, or white
and silver stuffa, with black ribbons.
The Gentlemen to wear black coats, and black or plain
white, or white and gold, or white and silver stuff waistcoats,
full trimmed, coloured swords and buckles.
And on Friday, the 6th of March next, the Court to go
out of Mourning,
WHITEHALL, FIR. 18.
The Lord Chancellor has appointed John James Simpson,
of Derby, in the county of Derby, Gentleman, to be a Master
Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery-
DOWNING-STREET, FEB. 24, 1846.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Sir Charles Au-
gustus Fitzßoy, Knt., to be Governor and Commander-in-
Chief in and over the colony of North Australia and of its
dependencies.

FOREIGN-OFFIC •
The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. John Lind-
blad, as Consul-General at Gibraltar, for his Majesty the
King of Sweden and Norway.
Cormai:k.ion by the Lord-Lieutenant of Kincardineshire—
W. F. Grant, Esq., so be Deputy-Lieutenant, Nov. 3, 1843.
Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of
Southampton.
R. P. Campbell Marquis of Chandos to be Deputy Lieu-
tenant, Feb. 17.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of
Northumberland.
Lord F. Fitzclarence to be Deputy Lientenant ; J. S. D.
Sellav, Esq., to be Deputy Lieutenant, Feb. 10.
H. 6regson, Esq., to be Deputy-Lieutenant; E. J. Coiling-
wood, Es.q., to be Deputy-Lieutenant; S F. Gillum, Esq., to
be Deputy-Lieutenant ; Rev. J. D. Clark to be. De-
puty-Lieutenant; T. Riddell, Esq., to be Deputy-Lieutenant;
W. H. Cadogan, Efq., to be Deputy Lieutenant ; J. 11. FL
Atkinson, Esq , to be Deputy-Lieutenant ; C. W. Orde. Esq.,
to be Deputy Lieutenant ; 0. A. B. Cresswell, Esq.' to be
Deputy Lieutenant ; J. C. Jobling, Esq., to he Dep. Lieut.,
Commissions by the Lord-Lieutenant of Oxfordshire.
Captain W. Style, R.N., to be Deputy-Lieutenant, Feb. 18.
Oxfordshire Reg-t. of Militia—S. W. Gardiner, Gent., to be
Lieutenant ; the lion. T. E. Stonor to be Lieutenant ; A. F.
Shunt, Gent., to be Lieutenant; W. W. Holloway, Gent., to
be Lieutenant ; C. W. Fuller, Gent., to be Ensign, Feb. 18.
Commissions by the L-}rd Lieutenant of Glamorganshire.
Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry Battalion of Militia—J.
Hewett, Esq., to be Captain, Feb. 10; H. Lewis, Esq., to be
Captain, Feb. 13, 1846.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire.
Royal Denbigh Rifle Regiment of Militia—Second Lieu-
tenant 'l'. L. Fitzhugh to be First Lieutenant, vice Massie,
deceased ; Second Lieutenant J. Hughes to be First Lieu-
tenant, vice Thompson, deceased, Feb 9, 1846.
13. W. Wynne, Gent, to be First Lieutenant, vice Parry,
deceased ; 11. R. Sandbach, Gent., to be Second Lieute-
nant, vice Fitzhugh, promoted ; R. A. Price, to
be Second Lieutenant, rice Hughes, promoted ; E.
Lloyd, Gent., to be Second Lieutenant, vice 'Wynne, re-
signed; R. S. Perkins, Gent, to be Surgeon, vice Hughes,
deceased, Feb. 9.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the county of
Edinburgh.
Royal Mid-Lothian Yeomanry Cavalry—A. 0. Maitland,
Geot., to be Lieutenant, vice Craig ; W. Laillie, Gent., to be
Cornet, vice Maitland, Jan. 28.
BANKRUPTS.
Henry John Todd, and Edward Todd, drapers, Liverpool.
Abraham Frebour, silk manufacturer, Spitalfields.;
George Moir, boot maker, John's-row, St. Luke's.
Charles Self, plumber, Sun-street, Bishopsgate Without.
Robert Garland, corn chandler, Waltham-green.
Jonathan Knights, cattle dealer, Great Melton and Thur.
Barton, Norfolk.
Henry Pearson Coles, innkeeper, Wickham-market,
Suffolk.
William Kitson, soap manufacturer, White street, South-
wark.
Samuel Holdsworth and William Holdsworth, corn millers,
Drighlington, Yorkshire.
William Longbottom and Ralph Bentley, wool merchants,
Rochdale, Lancashire.
11' lliam Rowlandson, surgeon, Wakefield, Yorkshire.
Stephen Vertue, merchant, Liverpool.
Jo.,:eph IValton, coal merchant, Liverpool.-
Richard Kirby Frankish, builder, Scarborough, Yorkshire.
Edward Steane Harley, grocer, Birmingham.
Samuel Hutchinson, broker, Bradford, Yorkshire.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
(From the London New Price Current of Feb. 24.)
SUGAR—To-day there was no improvement in the demand
for West India Sugar, grocers and refiners purchasing all
descriptions with caution, and the quantity sold amounted
to only 290 hhds and trcs : the rates taken were rather tin-
der those previously quoted, although the supply at market
is yet scanty. 'There were no public sale of West India or
Mauritius, but of Bengal large parcels ware brought forward.
REFisa.D.—To-day there was no improvement in the de-
mand for Refined goods for home consumption, although
standard lumps could be obtained at 62s 6d, and brown lumps
according to quality, at 61s to 62e. Bonded Crushed Sugar
is still much in request for forward delivery, and it is difficult
to purchase first quality under 355 per cwt.
MAmarrins.—Merchants have been more inclined to re-
alise, and submitted to a reduction on previous prices of 6d
to is for good and fine yellow, and 6d per cwt. for all other
kind. The consumption is still on the increase, alauritius
being cheaper than any other he me trade kinds of sugar.
EAST Ixnra.—This afternoon the quantity of Bengal
Sugar offered at auction was large, and amounted to 7,282
bags and 7 Cases; the trade evinced little desire to operate,
and not above one half sold upon rather lower terms
FortalGN.—To•day there was no public sale of Foreign, but
500 boxes of white Havannah, 700 ditto yellow, 200 barrels
of Rio, -and 176 bags of Santa Martha are declared for
Friday. By private treaty 40 chests of low Brown Bahia
were sold at I 7 a. The quantity ofJava declared for sale by
the Dutch Trading Company is 40,000 baskets.
Comata—To-day there was little desire shown to pur-
chase any kind af Coffee by private treaty, but good ordinary
pale Native Ceylon was not to be obtained under 46s per
cwt. At public sale only 727 bags of sea damaged Costa
Rica were offered, and sold at the full value.
COCOA.—flolders of Foreign, submitting to lower rates
occasioned a much better demand.

CIIICORY.—Foreign Root has been in demand at 301. per
ton, duty paid, and Powder has been selling at 5-Is to 56s
per cwt. . _ _

TEA.—Prices do not improve for Congou, but there is still
a good town and cou'itry demand. Several parcels of Pon-
chung have been taken at 4d to 9d, according to quality, and
the stock is still diminishing. Souchong has been sold to
fair extent. The cheawss of Hyson induces the trade to
operate largely. In Young Hyson sales have been made 9d
to is Gd for Canton, and is 9d to 3s for common to good and
tine Hyson kind. Hyson Skin has been fetching Gd to
Is 8d for common to good. For Twankay there has been
much inquiry, and full rates are paid, the supply being still
moderate.

SHcrs.—To-dtiy at public sale 100 bags of Batavia Pepper
were mid at 23!id to 250, and sea damaged 2%d per lb,
being the fell value. 26 casks of Limed Nutmegs at 04
3s 9d duty, were in part sidd at 3s 2d to 3s 3d for good bald.
SPIRITS.—There was an extensive business done in Cal-
cutta Rum at an average of Is 7d per gallon proof. In Lee-
ward Island the operations are upon a more extended scale,
but int at better prices. Jamaica is not offered upon lower
terms, the business transacted was limited. Demerara is not
offered at lower rates, but there has been little desire shown
to operate. The demand has fallen of for Brandy;
are not so firm. British Corn Spirits is dull of sale, but
lOs 60 per gallon net cash is still insisted upon ; the supply
is larger than it was. Gin has been sparing dealt in.
Ifor.—There has been a fair business transacted in the
best Pockets, and full rates have been obtained. but other
sorts are little wanted at present.
CocunsEAL.—The demand has been lose active, but
holders are firm and insist upon full rates.

COURSE OF EXCH)
Amsterdam ......C.F. 12 95
Ditto, at sight ...... 12 .5
Rotterdam . 2U. 12 10
Antwerp.....•.• 2Ci 15
lianiburgh •• 31.8. 13 14%

Paris, 3 days' sight .... 25 75
Ditto, 3 months...... 26
Marseilles ....... ..... 26 10
80urdeaux.......... • . 26 10
Frankfort on Stable.... 1223
Petersburgh, 3 U 5....
Berlin ......

Vicuna, effoc.tio•...•• 10 104
Trieste, 10 10A
Aladrid ..... ...•• 36

LNGE.-- (THIS DAY.)
Leghorn .
(lenoa ................ 26 10
Milan ..

Venice... ........ .
Naples ....... ..... 39%
l'alenuo, per 0z........ 119%
Lisbon.... ..... ....... 52%
Oporto • ...... ••.. • • 52%
Rio Janeiro ........ • . 21%
Bahia
Buenos Ayres ..
New York, 21 days' sight
titiladelphia ..........

PRICES OF BULLION, PER OR.
Foreign Gold in bars X 3 17 9
Portugal Gold Coin .• 317 5
Sew Doubloons 0 0 0
yew Dollars ••..• • • • 0 4 ”,
Inver in bars 0 4 11 IA

Cadiz .. • :se

Bilbao., • • •

Barcelona • ..

Seville. ....... :; :; :: ::

174?ERIAL PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF LORDS, Monday. Feb. 23.
PROTECTION OF LIFE (IRELAND) BILL.
Earl ST. GERMANS (in continuation from our Third
Edition of last night) said—This document was signed by Messrs.
Prittiv, Birch, and Jackson, three gentlemen of unimpeach-
able respectability. It is dated the sth of December, 1845,
and fully illustrates the state of things at that time. The
next case occurred at the works of the Shannon, which
is very similar to the one I have already quoted
respecting the colonies. It occurred no later than the kith of
February ; and it would appear that between eleven and twelve
o'clock of the night of that day the patrol was fired at by a man
whom they succeeded in arresting, but they were after-
wards attacked by his confederates, who were all
armed, and who amounted in number to fifteen.
On the party coining to his aid they immediately fired at the
sub-constables, and one was struck with a bullet or slug on the
temple, while a ball passed through the coat of another. The
attacking party consisted of several men ; but, owing to the dark-
ness of the night, the. officer in command thought his life and
those of his men endangered, and went into a house close by,
where they remained for the night. Mr. Burke and Mr. Rus-
sell, two magistrates, immediately attended on being sent for,
and with the police scoured the neighbourhoood, but did not
capture any of the party. The police fired several rounds,
of ammunition and a pistol was found in the place where the
attack occurred, and three men were next day arrested who
were looked upon as the leaders of this party. One man
named Cusheen had thirty bullets on his person, and a woman
in a hsMse adjoining the place of attack became so alarmed that
her life was in danger. "No circumstance occurred for along
time which, in my opinion, tends more to improve the peace
of the country than this occurrence," writes the chief consta-
ble, " as it evinces such determination on the part of the police
to put down outrages, for the people will have a confidence
in their vigilance and success in putting down every description
of outrages." lie also adds that the conduct and bravery of
the police were beyond all praise. I mention those facts
to show your Lordships the extent to which crime and daring
are now carried on in Ireland. My Lords, I think your Lord-
ships will have remarked that a very great proportion of these
crimes are committed by bands of armed men, bound together
by secret associations for the purpose of intimidating the
peaceable portion of her Majesty's subjects. In the list of
137 homicides, your Lordships will be, I am sure, surprised.to
learn that only five were committed on the persons of gentlemen.
The greater number of these outrages were committed on
small farmers. The house of a gentleman might be truly said
to be his castle. He was well armed himself, and the servants
in his employ were also well armed, so that it seldom
happened that his house was attacked. Your Lordships may
therefore observe what the position of a small farmer
must be under these circumstances. The fact
.of his being in
the employment of a farmer, who was obnoxious to these mid-
night legislators, was sufficient to provoke their indignation,
and whenever they chose to carry their diabolical intentions
into effect, —mark the consequences. His door, which
was but very insufficiently secured, was forced open,
a band of those midnight assassins dragged him from
his bed, and either murdered, or maimed, or mu-
tilated him in the presence of his wife. There was
not the least exaggeration in this statement. The details
which he had read bore ample and melancholy testimony to its
truth. If the unfortunate victim also of these outrages was
rendered incapable of labour and his life almost jeopardised,
he dared not come forward to give evidence so as to convict
the assassins of the outrage. 1 say, then, my Lot ds,
that this is emphatically a measure for the better pro-
tection of life and limbs in Ireland. The laws
which at present exist for that purpose are not
sufficient to afford that protection, and I will show that every
exertion has been made to render them as efficient as possible.
The number of police-constables was at present very limited,
and exceeded by very little the number that was employed iii
1835. (The Noble Earl then read a comparative state-
ment of the number of constables which were em-
ployed in the disturbed counties in 1835, and at
present, which showed a small increase at the present time. )
There has been an increase in the number of stipendiary ma •
gistrates. All has, however been in vain, and we are now
compelled to apply to Government for extraordinary powers to
protect life, and thus to give to life that security which alone
can make it valuable. Your Lordships will find that the powers
which we seek in this Bill will not violate the prirciples of the
Constitution. Your Lordships will see by the first clause that
power is sought to make a proclamation in the district, or
such barony, or part, or parish in which the murder has
been commuted, and also to enable the Lord Lieutenant
to send into such district any force of the constabulary

he ty think rt.—the whole ex sense of such
cbe ourne oy the i habitants olthe Sal d:s riot. The next
clause is of great imps, iance e, is of such a na-
ture thet it would not he justifiable, except in such ex-
treme cases as the present. The victims of these outrages in
Ireland are for the most part of the poorer and humbler
classes, and it has also been noticed that these outrages
are committed in the night ; armed men do not patrol
the country except at night. I have, also, every reason to be-
lieve that these murders and outrages are deliberated upon by
persons assembling in public-houses during the night. I
therefore propose, under these particular circumstances, that
the power should be vested in the Executive of Ireland, which
is sought by this second clause. There is a pro-
vision in the Bill, as ;our Lordships will see, to enable
the Lord Lieutenant to withdraw, ear revoke, that portion of
the proclamation which relates to that particular provision
alluded to by the second clause. The next clause of any im-
portance to which I shall call your Lordships' attention is one
which enables the Lord Lieutenant to order certain sums of
money to be paid (as I can hardly call it compensation) to the
relations of the murdered party. This is not altogether a
principle unknown to the laws of this country. Independently
of the grief caused by the death of the head of the family,
his relations are reduced to the greatest amount of privation
and distress. I should, therefore, propose to take power in
this Bill to levy upon the district in which these murders
should be committed a certain sum of money, to be appliedtos
the maintenance and relief of those who are undergoing: tin
state of distress. I do not propose to discuss in detail
the clsuses of this measure. Your Lordships will observe
that there is a clause in this Bill to the effect, that the assess-
ments are to be levied according to the poor-law valuation,
and that no individual, however small the amount at which he
may be rated, shall be exempt from the payment of
this rate, and that Le should not be allowed
to deduct from his rent any amount of rate so levied.
Another clause is one authorising the justices to examine into
public-houses where it may he supposed these associations are
in the habit of meeting. Your Lordships will observe that
this does not apply to pris ate heuses. The concealing of fire-arms
in the disturbed districts is to be considered a misdemeanour,
and is to be tried at quarter-sessions or assizes. Your Lordships
will observe that there is no new tribunal constituted; trial by
jury is preserved, and the mode of conducting criminal pro-
ceedings is in no way altered. There is One thing, however, I
wish to call your Lordships' attention to particularly, I mean
the securing from intimidation those persons who have to give
evidence on those trials. Ido not, however, think it necessary
to say more on the subject of this Bill, because ample oppor-
tunity will be given to your Lordships to urge any objections
against it, and I may assure you that her Majesty's Govern-
ment will give these objections their fullest and fairest consi-
deration. I know that, with regard to the cause and
origin of these disturbances, various opinions are
entertained. Some contend that they are all to be
attributed to political grievances. It appears to me, however,
that one simple fact that I have related in the course of the
observations I have made is sufficiently demonstrative of the futi-
lity of this opinion ; I have stated that in eighteen counties of
Ireland crime has actually diminished. Now, if political griev-
ances are the cause of crime, should not those grievances produce
the effect in one part of the country that they do in another?
Be these grievances real or imaginary, surely we ought to find
them to the same extent and force in the county of Wexford as
in Limerick, in Kildare as in Roscommon, in i'sleath
as in Tipperary. But these outrages have no features
of an insurrectionary character ; they are perpetrated on
private grounds, and it cannot, therefore, be supposed that
they have their origin in any political grievance whatever. It
does not appear to me that continuing this dis-
cussion will lead to any satisfactory result. Her
Majesty's Government have given sufficient proof in the
Bills that they have passed, and those that aro in
contemplation, of their desire to remove any cause of dissatisfac-
tion which may exist with regard to the political condition of
Ireland. I think that if I were adverting to the measures
which are contemplated by Government, I should be distract-
ing your Lordship's attention from the subject under considera-
tion. Further opportunities shall be given to discuss
the merits of the measure, and to limit the discus-
sion now cannot in any way abridge its consideration.
With your Lordships' permission I will now come to another
part of the subject. At thesame time I may say, that I shall
always be prepared, and I am sure the Government will also be
prepared, in matters of this nature, when opportu-
nities present thems.elres, to state their view with
I regard to those measures which should be brought forward for
the good of Ireland. This I will say, my Lords,
and I say it without fear of contradiction, that
no measure of improvement, no measure whether
it be a political or a social measure, will be effectual
for the improvement of Ireland or of its people until you have
put an end to this system of terror to the people.—
(Cheers.) My Lords, it is perfectly true that
many of these outrages partake of agrarian outrage.
These arise, it is true, out of the present mode of
tenure and occupation of land he Ireland. I think the copious
extracts which I have read to your Lordships will be
sufficient to prove that. Formerly landlords were in
the habit of granting long leases, which prevented
land going so much into the hands of middle men, and there
was not so much subdivision of land. Subdivision of
land, as your Lordships may he aware, has become
very frequent in Ireland, and I am ready to admit
that system has been of late very much abused in that
country, and it has no doubt led to many of the
evils which now prevail in Ireland. I think, how-
ever, the great cause of the evils of Ireland is
the existence of those secret and illegal associations with which
it is now afflicted. —( Cheers. ) They do operate
so as to alarm, and terrify, and intimidate the peace-
able and well-disposed, and to prevent them,
in almost every case, applying to the magistrates for pro-
tection. And, my Lords, 1. do think that it is necessary to
meet those secret and illegal associations. I therefore call
upon your Lordships to give your sanction to this measure.
Whets it shall have passed, as I hope and trust it will—
( Cheers)—when it shall have passed, and enabled the Executive
Government to put an end to the reign of terror, and to give
the peasantry of Ireland, and to the wealthy of that country
that sort of security which the English people, and which I am
happy to say, the peasantry in many parts of Ireland
do now enjoy, then, my Lords, I think we may look
forward to the satisfactory results which her Majesty's
Government are at this moment engaged in adopt-
ing. My Lords, your Lordships are no doubt aware,
that in the course of the present session no less than
448,0001. has been voted for the purpose of employing the
people of Ireland in public works in that country. Your
Lordships are also aware that in the course of last session no
fewer than 13 railway Bills were passed, involving an expenditure
of nearly 9,000,0001. All this will be employed in a mode
which, :it appears to me, to be most desirable to give employ-
ment to the labourers of that country. Now, my Lords, I say
it without fear of cotradictiun, that it is impossible that any
measures fur the improvement of Ireland should be effectual
until such a measure as this shall have passed.—( Hear, hear. )
I will not say mere, but trust and hope, and I ava sure I express
the earnest prayer of her Majesty's Government, that, in pro-
posing the present measure, there is no wish that the law should
remain aday longer than it is necessary for the protection of
life and property in Ireland. The Noble Lord concluded
by moving the second reading of the Bill.
The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said the Noble Earl, in
showing, the necessity for the Bill before the House, had en-
tered into a statement that in many respects must have been
as painful for him to give as it was painful for their Lordships
to hear. He did not rise to offer the slightest oppo.
lion to the progress of the Bill—a Bill which, on
the face of it, as stated by her Majesty's Government,
was intended for the preservation of the lives and property of
her M ,jesty's subjects in many parts of Ireland, for he thought
the Bill should progress through the House without the least
possible delay. So far from blaming the Noble Lord and the
Government for bringing forward the measure at such an
early period of the session, he considered that after the de.
elaration contained in her Majesty's Speech from the Throne,
which declaration was unhappily warranted by the facts
laid before the House in the Noble Earl's address, not a day
should have been lost in submitting the measure to Parliament.
Every day of delay after that declaration was a day lost.. While
he therefore felt it was the duty of her Majesty's
Government to call the attention of the House
at an early time to this important subject, in or-
der to devise a measure to meet this deplorable
state of things in Ireland, he must not be understood to sup-
pose that this measure should take precedence of other mea-
sures for the relief of that country.— ( hear, hear.) The
adoption of this measure would not in the least degree
relieve her Majesty's Goverifinent from the carrying out
those other measures which were required to meet the state of
Ireland—measures that better accorded with the feel-
ings of their Lordships, and were calculated to benefit and
advance the social condition of the people of that country.
He considered it expedient that their Lordships, whether in-
vited by the Government or not, should enter into a consi-
dermion at no distant period of measures that were more
calculated to give universal satisfaction than the
one at present before their Lordships.—( Hear, hear. )
He admitted, however, that this measure was necessary
to enable the Government amid the people of Ireland to accom-
plish the carrying out of more extensive schemes of legis-
lation, which would be more conducive to the future peace
and prosperity of Ireland ; and he for one looked upon the
present measure as the indispensable precursor of more im-
portant propositions. How, let him ask, could mea-
sures, which were dictated for the benefit of Ire.
land, were calculated to excite the industry of that
country, and to produce local improvements; nay, if some of
their Lordships would have it, calculated to confer additional
privileges upon the people of Ireland, be attended with any
benefit or advantage to the people of the country, if mea-
sures were not adopted for arresting the hand of the
midnight assassin ? ( Hear, hear, and cheers.) Let
them, ilea, at once enter into the consideration, after
the passing of this measure, of measures which were
calculated in a large degree to encourage the industry of Ire-
land, and to teach the poor man, notwithstanding what one
class of Legislators might say on the subject, that his labour
was his own property,. and not subject to the caprice of,
or only to be exercised at the will of his superiors.
Nay, even if the privilege were to be extended—if the poor
man was to be enabled to vote where he had not voted before—
and he be enabled to take part in municipal deliberations—of
what value was that vote to him if there was a law in
existence which dictated to him how he should exercise
that vote, instead of allowing him to vote according to..his
opinion ? He, therefore, did not feel that the Bill which had
been produced by the Noble Earl was one which would afford
the poor that protection which they stood so much in need of.
He had truly stated, in introducing it, that the crimes now per-
petrated in Ireland, extended to every state of society in which
any improvement had taken place ; that the present illicit law
was not directed so much against the rich as the poor man ;
forthe rich man could guard himself against its consequences by
withdrawing from the scenes affected by those daring and
systematic crimes ; they were directed against the poor
labouring man, against the man who answering to the call
of the Legislature sought to improve his country—( Hear)
-7-to the call of; his landlord, who, it was hoped, encouraged
him to improve the land which he held. Those crimes were
not confined to one county, but extended throughout the whole
of Ireland, and would end in consequences of death, insecurity
of property, and would cause capital in that country to be frit-
tered away to its serious detriment. On these grounds, he felt
that he should be ill doing his duty to Ireland, or to their Lord-
ships, if he did not express his opinion that the Bill brought in by
the Noble Earl would be of great benefit to that country. By so
doing, however, he would not be prevented from urging on
her Majesty's Ministers and their Lordships the necessity of
adopting measures to alleviate the sufferings of that people.
He trusted that the time was come when her Majesty's Mi.
meters would give that subject no unnecessary delay. Their
Lordships would do right to pals that Bill, and he had only
to say that he hoped they would give it all the considera-
tion which the nature of the measure required, in
order to secure the liberty and independenee of the subject.
He was sure that the subject would obtain, at their Lordships'
hands, am little delay as possible, when it was considered that
every day added to the list of crimes committed in that
country. With reference to the particular provisions of the
Bill it was not is wish to interfere. —( !fear.) He hoped their
Lordships would consider the particular amount of punishment
to be dealt out, and that the particular character of each
county would be carefully attended to. He would not delay
their Lordships with many observations, as he was sure there
were persons better qualified to pronounce judgment
on the subject. But on that occasion he thought
that in the shape of penalties the expenses that would arise
ought to be levied from the districts creating them, and that
measures ought to be adopted for the purpose of protecting the
witnesses and the persons who might be instrtmentll
in bringing offenders to justice. It did appear to

him that the enactments of the "Arms Bill" had
not been attended with the desired effect, for there had been+
considerable increase in the amount of crime, and their eV!'
sea measure ought to be considered with reference to that Bill.
For the liberty of the subject, he thought that the measuire
.
ought to be passed now, for in many parts of the coet
try it would be found to be of great practical benefit.
tbeLNorodblle3RLOorUd BROUGHAMoAbIaId ajgursetedsawti
down, and
oebusderpvaarttitoenuisermiyadwelbtLlY
his last observation, that the Bill ought not to be delayed In
the smallest space of time unless what was absolutely guest
sary for well considering its provisions. He would t
_II,
counter to that feeling by endeavouring to defeat it in 14
of its stages. He heartily deplored, he sincerely deplored, ta.'d
there should exist in any part of the British dominionse,,,t_
more especially in a part so near to themselves, a state
ri.ll-1,
ciety (confined, he would hope, to but a few districts), wsn_ic,s
if not strongly and energetically put down, to talk of. 001_7
improvements, to talk of any amelioration in the conditionel
that country, and still more to talk of any legislative benre_aalp.'
effect, was as wild a fancy as ever entered into the mindel PI a
Lor.'
—( Hear, hear.) The first duty imperative on their cure
ships was to make Ireland an habitable country. The Pi bile
given by his Noble Friend did not take him or their Lord !bile
by surprise, conversant as they were with the general fearl!;th
of the case, though not as fully acquainted /_;cie
those hideous details that picture which Y 1
a tilde
it impossible to say that Ireland was an ha-Li.d..
place for any peaceable subject. The first duty of their
.L•v_. 0
ships was to prevent this frightful state of crime which "„
stalking abroad over the country, reducing county after CO"; i
to a state that made the denizens of the South Sea Islan,od.
preferable people to live among than the inhabitants of Ireiniii.
He lamented that one provision was not in the present
~,
But by the recommendation of the Noble Duke,
h (i'
in most cases amounts to the force of a command, be re,
Brougham) was induced to withdraw his measure• Hersh
ferred to a measure to render it possible to "to
convictions of crime, by having the trial of tbs
accusation in a part of the country where
;lu,
jurors are not rubject to the shot of the 101" ire.
He did not think that this measure should he confined t",,„r it
land, and if it were reckoned less invidious, he would rst"" jt
were made a general than a particular and ocal measakte; be.
was clearly and without. hesitation his opinion, and 7 ear
whose ad,
arl
lieved he had the authority of some of the me.l'e the
nent lawyers and judges of the country, and 1"3„ hts
tree constitutional principles of the country r°; 00.
side, that there should be power given to tli_ :ease
secutor, under due regulations, as regarded the /lerf tbs
of the defendants, of trying the case at the option ~,,o,
prosecutor. In the case of Ireland the Government, Olga
secutors, should not be confined to the county or place 7.1;v0i
the offence was alleged to be committed, but that theYre 010
have power to try the case in Dublin or Londonderry. 'oboe
1 every-day practice in England, is smuggling case', tbs
the smuggler could not be committed, an
.i.,001.
penalties for contraband trading could not be 0'7..4.- are
All these prosecutions, it is well known to your Lordship
tried in London. In Scotland it has been from titeel-00
inorial the custom of trying every description of cases' 0;0
the greatest offence down to the lowest misdemeanour, lof
tried at Edinburgh, where he himself had seen this princlPLar.
the administration of justice carried out in every dais 'I; of
rence. From the remote northern and southern PI Gri'
Scotland all offences whatever are tried before the nigarso
minal Court at Edinburgh. No benefit could bend
04
to persons by being tried in the neighhau tbeo
where they are known. It is better for toa
nine times out of ten, and better for the administratit to
times ten that they should be tried at some distance frTart
place where they were known. When a jury comes to Inetoal,
box impregnated with all the tittle-tattle of the neighbeaf IV
they were not in a proper condition to give a true verdict.
that
was referring to the law of the country. The old law Op ass
It
a man should be tried by a jury of his neighbours 00
called voisseau, and from this term comes the term asa
now in use in legal phraseology. The crirninta hi
according to the old law, to be trkeee eal
hundreders in the hundred or hamlet in which the offti es,
committed. In the reign of Queen Anne an 10 std
male to the Court of Queen's Bench to set aside the / 00
of a jury. The ground of the appeal was, that the Plot
witnesses of the fact—the Court granted the rule in thl.„ires
That was the explanation and origin of the law, which 1.701
a jury to be impanelled on the spot where the crime way,00,4
matted. His hope and trust was, that before many 01;000.,
over, the Government would be able to use effective °lst 00
for putting down these disturbances ; and he threw of
suggestion, because he thought it would add east
what to the usefulness of the present 'new,
and because he thought that the Bill 11°11 0104
itself, be ineffectual without it. He did not wish to Ptrges
the discussion, but he might be permitted to hope tro sod'
;-Iteration would take place in the penal enactments Agit
persons as might be discovered out of doors after sunse 00
Lord FARNHAM trusted their Lordships vinal'ilia ~a
0°
him to speak on this subject, connected as i
.1;
with one of the most disturbed districts- „as ira
had been asked some fourteen months ago which 'lie:,
quietest and. hest conducted county in Ireland, he allube sr,
pride have referred to his own county of Cavan, but 001
now sorry to say that since that time matters were Ages
different. At the commencement of the last year the oaen
the county of Cavan were principally marked by threstelj.-0 wii
tices served on the smaller farmers, or the per
next class. This was followed up by attacks on the lies /I'
the lower orders, robbing them of fire-arms, and °t..,a" 0,4
rages of that description, until at last they were tel"„ft
by murder. Large bodies of men paraded the o°ll2 0,
fire-arms, swords, pistols, large pitchforks, and watt"- '0 lrs
under agent of his friend, Mr. Hamblin, was walking ter
light of day through the town of Cavan, when the sttill'ootto
made to murder him. Ns attempt was made by OW •la
to raise the hue and cry, /and he, althoogh then e°toolo.l,
n the country, felt it his duty to return home ,_in ir-0
assist in
_suppressino the disturbances whis° Dort,
He hoped that their "Lordships would give their 01,1k.5;
this measure, which was calculated to 'give some 'tn.,' ASO
rity to those who still remained in the country. 11n-ce'
on his arrival in the county of Cavan, the first intelligeheoc,
was communicated to him was, that as Mr. Bell I3o°t 000 s,„
turning from church the previous Sunday with his tiv° -.r•
O°P thd
was brutally murdered. There were a number of Peri, a,
sent, he believed, at the murder ; at all even.oifeo
were close at hand when the murder was e,°;o'; ~,./
No individual attempted to arrest the mur„ all'a'...
did not fly from the spot, but walked deliberate'3.o D.,-
The murderer of that gentleman had never h-a ~t'---
covered. lie ( Lord Farnham) arrived in Caltleo7ar
day after the funeral of that honoured gel' 10-,,
The cause of Mr. Bell Booth's death 141011r-
been ascertained. Mr. Booth was a gentleman of 1-pe 1
perty, and he farmed the whole of it himself. rot
a very humane man. There was no party spiredt in at,
4
in the cause of his death.—(Hear, hear. lie 100 0
him (Lord Farnham) most strenuously in receted,44i;
the dissolution of the Orange Society in 1836. and on -of II
casion when he recommended the discontinuance e. 0
processions he gave him most cordial suPr-bes1:0101
(Lord Farnham) made those recommendations to ess
he conceived that they only tended to eeParbich Al
cram man, and keep up that religious animosity wfaro
stirred up on every such occasion. 13" ®eo
of Mr. Bell Booth took place about ton
ws
from the place where he was murdered, ail oe,
attended by thousands of armed persons, /tiVillilal
from different parishes in the county. The town °i 04
dra was for 36 hours in the possession 0 joetri.
assassins. The local constabulary force was ranOrnap
increased, because those anniversary processions whle-of ids,"
men were accustomed to hold on the first .itererge
were about to happen in eight days ,-.." aset•
Forty magistrates were assembled in the town of '7, rev
lected from various parts of the country, and their
mendation of ri,
mendation was, that none of the lodges should went I 1/ of
sion. It would be satisfactory to tell their LordshiPee° piiollo
the lodges obeyed the recommendation with the elthat_oll
two. The Noble Marquis had truly stated., 1111;10
was a Bill to protect the poor. He knre:l ae here
there were many landed proprietors in "-nd t'eSt
felt that property had its duties as well as its rightS,!to. do,
fore whose tenants were comparatively well attendee
some
the difference between the rich man and the poor fa,r; bird's,.
that the rich man, however great the inconvenience :-ait/0,
could leave the country, but such was not the ca% pens?,
poor man. The farmers of Cavan were principally 1)(1.7rs 50
occupying small portions of land. Twenty acres iatieriast,
tiered a large farm. In order to be able to go elsevvherwortiita of
these outrages, they would be obliged to sell tbeiror IP 0
but in that case who would dare to purchase it ? bate,
the person would not be safe who made such a In!'„"bici coo'
was his (Lord Farnham's) opinion that all the ral!: potod
from the ribbon societies, the object of which wee' eat! 04
fined to dispu!es about land, but whieh,,4o„oof,i
to the carrying out of personal rev- --clO.-ar
everything of •an annoying and criminal
eiaad fir Those of their Lordships connected with Ira oittbst
knew the nature of ribbon societies, but perhaps rtes-'llllO
Lordships did not know what their constitution wasn,e. of "00
case he could not do better, in conveying a knnedeTfra°oidt
this constitution was, than by reading an caws eight 1.04
speech of a Noble Friend who had great It. „slr
t heir Lordships— he meant Lord Plunk t°,4001
Plunkett, in a charge to a jury in a, co-iside.-cotts:
ing the ribbon societies, stated that no person 01 " ore tra
or wealth belonged to these societies, but that the
posed of the humbler classes—men, ignorant anal' tbeir4 •
yet nevertheless prepared to do any act to forWaruttaiatined
interests, and to carry out any measure on the a ti berg that
which they had set their minds. (The Noble Pt forth .0
aosr
an extract from the speech, to this effect :—"ll"aat its fed.
the constitution of the ribbon societies was such tr,. asta-tol.)
obredresrwtooulrdeasltiosep
tabtenootbl
jiiereigts, however
ierbevtobletyingweinre"iospsty.
In conclusion, he begged to state that he sh-eniti.' Fe te
measure, because he thought it was calculated `lalesvioali
tection to life and security to property in Ireland•-; be ° 000
The Marquis of CLAN RICA RDE declared tbs.
with ft 0 •
vote for the measure, although he differeterdshiPithaif
of its details. He had addressed their sel to off
this matter, and the observations he addrr swine, lee'
Lordships had been made the subject he heat lio
severe remarks, and because, forsooth. that
tors '
turgid to call upon the Government to rthat sad'
and property in Ireland. He denied largeLrith
wmaosr
more
important
pconnexionones
betweenw which
b borethis mu
pe aosnu rteb
earifdat_e
roef hie
r
ate;
and while he regretted that any observationsbot opper
have given offence to any one, he could wotabeciatel/roadt
measure which the Government declared was law in ,A robe
• nary for strengthening and maintaining the. d aqua' alio
It had been said that the Irish people require
unlit sto bag
the extension of the franchise, and religious e,(l,..3;letiiiingith' e 0
might be of opinion that they ought to concedyeturedueinogto so
he was at a loss to understand the necessity 0
Nothing to- gib
into the question before their LordshiPs• According shi
more absurd than this species of reasoning. _ "_ido to
wwe ah,-1
Irish farmer might say, "I have not that trail% and _ed
am entitled," and they might say, the Pa 130
take care that you are worse off than Pueoauld rePilci rePIP
moment." To which it was possible la//theY tv"uaour Pt.,4?
protect my property and my life I" to which..„.ll leave ~,
~.., OW-
" Because you have not the franchise,uwe '.,"„, his ofenr,',, 0010
wre knowrt
at r
petty exposed and your life in danger. i"necessal Wright!
law like that proposed by the Noble Earl sca;
to afford the people of Ireland the enjoy, luenthe constit
the
to which they were entitled
byboured. Bold 55°
of those 0;00°
Government under which they 1ia,,,..,. he c
..
..bieb
were parts of the Bill to which he
0.1 it: the
agree. lie decidedly objected to thatr
ion'tireticciogeted the
set forth that it should be permanent. a°
sod he esßecttrolst,
Noble
Government
would
bthat
enabled,at an
ietaesral yra,pepenceat:_bto(filt te,pae
arts, s
e.., i eargferb• :
state of Ireland, to propose .
(H be , e thou
But, in his opinion, it should .
it was necessary always to e,nn..bitedly of au_ an indr''
ofsuicfh h__ aalirhitAracrt;
niana t
whichulirme ,i t limited
ttiheheplovwa period,se
power
afgoar givenh e
v.,
as shoulduiu
uc,itdii etsa/...6°10i
wt. e r
fob, a
close.
giving sill heyfixed Y ;A, 0:
firlite period. Its continuance shoe
Legislature n';'drest
pill I°
tend
withfoenr
athfearttbp(crrii)oedrioedx,
it necessary. There w
which he objected. Ho agreed wit_reuse, that p al__, not
had spoken on that side of the H
ho were indirectly
.onglia :
ought not to be inflicted on those w
f murder, bY
(111713 ode
directly concerned in the common they ids
res.-- relation!
tax on them and the districts which
_nd otber . , tbac
to reimburse the wives, children, ?,_ adrmitteatit they
ed district! ;_,Posiiieg
aspi fi rtaehodee
tsbtthaehrt et opto"astrehte count' Ye
this tax should be imposed on aff
injustice hY not
ought to be careful of committing an
of the murdered man --( HearOeetli sae Nobleti'Le'oes:loo7ehd_t