The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-26 00:00:00

REVIEW OF THE' WORK.

La'Mert on the Infirmities of Youth and Maturity.—" There are
scenes is the drama of life which are acted with ne spectator but
Conscience ; and of these the result is ever disastrous. Happy the
mortal who meets with a timely mentor to snatch him from the gulf
lute which such scenes must plunge him I In the book before as
such a monitor is to be found, calculated to warn and instruct the
erring, without impairing one idea that can vitiate a mind not al-
ready tutored by the vices of which it treats. It is written in a style
of masterly precision and lucidity, blending the profoundest truths of
philosophy and physics with the loftiest precepts of morality. It is a
production calculated to confer a vital benefit, physically and morally,
upon all who are tempted from the rigid path of abstemiousness and
propriety. A father may trust it in the hands of his boy. By un
taught innocence the book is not, of course, needed ; but wherever
laxity has prevailed, the tender yet awful voice breathing In these
pages is likely to prove as strikingly beneficial as the admonitions of
a homily blended with the practical advice of a writer on medicine."
—United Kingdom Magazine.

The work may be had price 2s. Gd., of Kent and Richards, 32,
raternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Starie, Tiehbome-
street. Haymarket ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Mansell, 115,
lect,,treet ; or, Noe loy post, far forty-two stamps, from the author's
residence, who may be consulted on these disorders personally, or
t.y letter, daily,.from Tin to Two, or from Five toEight.
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE. LONDON.

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SINGULAR CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE.--On; the
night of Sunday last, the 17th instant, Mr. H. Ensor, of
this town, had seventy-nine sheep grazing in a field
adjoining the Yeovil-road. On the following' morning
his shepherd, James Bunter, counted the flock and found
that a fat wether sheep had been carried off in the night.
Under the hedge, in an adjoining field, were found the
entrails of the animal; and an examination of the road
disclosed the foot marks of a horse, showing that the
thieves had not carried their booty home on their own
backs. Mr. Ensor obtained the assistance of a police-
constable (Haggett), who traced the horse's foot
marks along the lane leading to Marshton, where the
thieves had made a bend as if for Sherborne; and here
the traces were somewhat confused ; but they were
again taken up in the road leading to Trent, and con-
tinued into that village, within a few yards of the house
of John Martin, who kept a horse, and hawked salt
about for sale. Suspicion falling upon this individual,
a search-warrint was procured, and his house
entered. Two young fellows brothers, named George
and Charles Eades, were found sitting by the fire,
over which was suspended an iron pot. Haggett imme-
diately raised the lid, and found in it three pieces of
mutton; and, on looking round the room he discovered,
between the joists of the bedroom floor and the wall,
seven or eight pounds of melted mutton fat. The two
Eades' and Martin (who were upstairs) were at once
taken into custody, and brought into Sherborne for ex-
amination before the Rev. L. Parsons. In addition to
the circumstances we have stated, it Was proved before
the magistrates by Wm. R. Toop, constable of lore-
chortle Hundred, that prints had been made by Martin's
horse. The horse had a contracted foot, and the nails
of the shoe projected, making the print so remarkable
that Toop, who is a blacksmith by trade, said he had no
doubt whatever that the marks were those of Martin's
horse. The prisoners protested they knew nothing of
the charge, and were fully committed' to Dorchester
gaol for trial at the next sessions. This is, we believe,
almost the only case on record wherein the footmarks of
a horse led to the apprehension of suspected thieves.—
Somerset County Herald.
THE BLACKBIRD AND THE GIRT RAT.---TWO
blackbirds have for some time past taken up theirquar-
ters near the avenue leading to Brechin Castle, and
have paid daily visits to the gatekeeper at the hour
when he was feeding the poultry. Tho utmost good
feeling was manifested by the poultry to their sable
visitors, allowing them freely to partake of the good
things daily spread out on the well stored poultry board
of his Lordship. One day lately, when employed in
feeding his feathery tribe,. the gatekeeper observed a
rat of the grey species cautiously approaching the black-
birds, and when within a few feet of one of them, the
rat made a sudden spring, and fixed on the back of it.
Off flew blackie with the grey enemy on his back ; but
the weight of the denizen of the gutter was too strong
for the songster of the wood, and, after flying upwards
of fifty yards, the gatekeeper immediately sprung to the
rescue of his favourite ; but the rat, no doubt antici-
pating what would bo its fate were it to remain within
reach, relaxed its hold, and darted off, apparently none
the worse of its aerial flight. The poor bird was then
received into the hands of Mr. Hunter, much mutilated ;
but hopes are entertained of its recovery.—Montrose
Standard.
AN EXPENSIVE STARE.—On Wednesday week a
geutleman, while passing the bridge at Bathpool, Taun-
ton, stopped to look at the train passing, and let a bag,
containing 92 sovereigns, drop out of his great coat
pocket. A boy, George Serle, picked up the bag, and
on restoring it to the owner, was rewarded with two
sovereigns. Seven shillings and sixpence were also di-
vided between the three bystanders, for the information
given in finding out the person who crossed the bridge
after the loss occurred.—Bath Herald.
A REALLY INDEPENDENT LABOURER.—At a re-
cent meeting of the guardians of the Cleobury Mortimer
Union, Henry Tudor, a resident in the parish of Wheat-
hill. voluntarily came and paid 11. ls. ed., the amount of
relief advanced to him while unable to work from the
ctiiocati.;ll of his ar u. The guard ens present immedi-
ately subscribed the amount, and.returned it to Tudor,
and expressed their admiration of his sterling honesty.

I SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
HERALD.—We are not ashamed to confess that we
regard the appearance of Mr. Cobden's budget with some
alarm. We have not to learn to-day the power of agita
tion sustained by unblushing falsehood. We have lived
to see miracles echieved by daring democrats, unscrupu-
lous in their means, and:indomitable in the pursuit of a
well-defined end. The masses are impotent in the pre-
sence of appeals to their passions, founded on a well-
affected sorrow for their privations, and upon a burning
desire to place them superior to misfortune, and beyond
the reach of suffering. It is little to the purpose that
facts are against the agitator, and that experience denies
the cogency of his logic. It is nothing that a reference
to records destroys in an instant the solidity of his
fabric, and that a moment's reflection is sufficient to
scatter to the winds the inflammatory harangues of a
night. The reflection never comes. That which is
disagreeably true is by no means so acceptable as that
which is pleasantly false. Mr. Bright, upon the hustings
in Yorkshire, bellowing to a crowd, asserts that upwards
of 46,000/. a year aro paid out of the taxes to support tho
colonial bishops, and a general groan is elicited in con-
demnation, of the extravagant expenditure. What avails it
that the statement is untrue, and that proofs are in ex-
istence to make it clear that 14,7901. only are paid for
the support of the hooted dignitaries ? " This year,"
writes Mr. Cobden, addressing physical force throughout
the land, "swill be memorable for having witnessed the
destruction of the last remaining powers of feudalism in
all the countries of the Continent, excepting Russia.
But I know of no privilege which the nobles of Prussia,
Gallicia, or Hungary have been compelled to surrender,
as a tribute to the enlightenment of this age, more unjust
in principle than that which is conferred upon our landed
proprietors in the statute, passed by themselves, imposing
deities exclusively upon the inheritance of personal pro-
perty. Let us not boast of English freedom, or equality
before the law whilst this injustice remains. In what form
could aristocratic privilege assume a more offensive and
costly aspect than in that of a bold and palpable ex-
" (merlon from taxation?" What are prosaic figures
and unobtrusive facts presenting themselves to biassed
minds a week after hatred has been secured, and class
placed against class, with fire kindled at the heart and
passion quivering on the brow? Landlords may preach
till they are hoarse—the owners of real property protest
till they are spent, it matters not. A friend of the
people declares that the rich are living on the poor, are
passing laws for themselves at the expense of all beneath
them—and, do what you will, the people believe him.
Aristocrats claim no bold and palpable exemption from
taxation. Their burdens are proportioned to their
strength, and their duties correspond with their privi-
leges; but declare it in every market-place in England,
and the ear shall be stone-deaf through which the abomi-
nable lie has once passed. The difficulty of legislation for
the future consists in this very circumstance. As in Ire-
land nothing useful can be accomplished until trim-
quillity is restored, so in England no permanent
advance can be made till agitation is silenced, Class
must ho reconciled to class, ill blood must subside, truth
must be spoken and tolerated, before we can move an
inch forward with safety to the nation. We have lega-
lised illegal combinations until they boldly usurp the
work of the Legislature, and openly perform it with a
natural view to their selfish ends. Sir Robert Peel did
homage to the League, when, as Prime Minister, he
welcomed Mr. Cobden as the hero of a triumph ; and
a new league now puts the same hero forward with the
full assurance of a second and a greater victory. When
and where are we to stop ? That the humbler classes
will remember the false promises held out to them during
the agitation of the League we entertain no hope. The
theory of free trade may fail a hundred times in practice,
but so long as poverty lasts and wealth abounds, the suf-
ferings of the former will still seek for elucidation in
the comforts and enjoyments of the latter. We were
to have had a social millenium with the corn-laws
repealed and protective :duties abolished ; something
very different arrives, and instead of a confession
of failure we receive a declaration of war ; a determina-
tion to gain at all risks the prosperity which has eluded
us, and to destroy and distribute what yet remains, if
we cannot avail ourselves of the present or restore the
past. Agitation is still in advance of the age, let the
age itself be never so revolutionary. We would simply
warn politicians of every class that the present design
of Mr. Cobden is to uproot everything. If it be true,
as Sir Culling Eardley states in his parting address to
the electors of the ,Vest Riding, that ho has " been
defeated, not by the Tories, but by a section of the
Whigs," it is especially to such Whigs, who have at
length taken alarm at the proceedings and tendencies of
Messrs. Cobden and Bright, that we would address in
time a word of caution and advice. Let them
comply with the demands of the Leaguer to-day, and
the last blow will have been struck. Reform will
indeed be consummated with colonies given up, our
army disbanded, our fleet paid off, and the empire
deliberately placed at the mercy of the world. There
will be no need to discuss matter in detail when all:will
have been decided at one fell swoop. Conservatives do
well to wrangle about the petty differences which keep
them now asunder, with the common enemy at the
gate, and with a question impending, which, ridiculous
and monstrous as it may look, will, once started, be
freely discussed in every city of the United Kingdom,
and entertained with a steady belief in its speedy and
satisfactory:solution. All parties in the state can afford
to wait for the verdict which experience shall give of the
triumphant success or utter failure of the measures of
1846, but no party attached to the Throne and the in-
stitutions of the country, ;loving order and abhorring
the doings which have disgraced the continent during
the last twelvemonth, can afford to deliberate a
moment upon the propriety of crushing in their
birth designs subversive of all the country holds dear,
of all that Englishmen cherish, of all that, as loyal
sons of our common fatherland, we care to uphold. Mr.
Cobden has oftener than once declared himself a citizen
of the world. lle proudly acknowledges that ho cares
not to legislate for England, save and except as a por-
tion of a peopled world; he has publicly declared his
disgust for national anthems and those spirit-stirring
themes which treat of our supremacy on the seas, and
of our hardly-acquired influence throughout the globe.
The undisguised dislike which the gentleman has evinced
for the ;aristocracy, and the impudent allusions which,
from time to time, he has made to the useless splendours
of a court, indicate the bent of his mind and the final
aim of his political aspirations. But it becomes a ques-
tion for us all to consider, whether we aro prepared to
pull down the pre-eminence of Great Britain, and to ex-
change our monarchy for modern republicanism, at the
call of one so manifestly unfit, from his want of nation-
ality, to judge of what is good or fitting for the nation in
the present crisis to adopt. The question needs an
answer. Before mischief takes root in the soil it must
be driven from the land. Before the poison works, the
antidote' must be given. Let the people of England be
protected from Mr. Cobden by the counsel and aid of
their best friends. The new league in its infancy must
be met by another, The league of specials which put
down Chartism on the 10th of April is a model for our
imitation. The combination of the good, the wise, the
loyal, the orderly, and the well-disposed, must interpose
forthwith, in steady and compact phalanx, between Mr.
Richard Cobden and the men ho would make his instru-
ments as well as victims.
TIMES.—We acknowledge that it has not been with-
out considerable uneasiness that we have perused a
pamphlet " On the Deficiency of European Officers in
the Army of India," by " One of Themselves." We
need certainly prefix no introduction, and we seed
scarcely add any comment to the following facts and
figures, which we condense from the statement alluded
to. The Royal regiments OR the Indian establishment
consist of twenty-five corps of infantry and five of ca-
valry. These thirty regiments have a complement of
1,440 officers. The regular army of the East India
Company consists of twenty-four regiments of artillery,
sight regiments of engineers, twenty-one regiments of
cavalry, and 161 regiments of infantry. These two hun-
dred and fourteen regiments have a complement of 5,161
European officers. Stated more particularly, the pro-
portion of officers to a regiment of the Queen's or the
Company's service respectively is as follows:
Queen's Cavalry. Company's Cavalry.
2 Lieutenant-Colonels... .•, 1
2 Majors ••• ••• 1
9 Captains
18 Lieutenants ..•
8 Cornets •••
1 Adjutant
1 Quartermaster
1 Paymaster ...

42 - 19
Queen's Infantry. Company's Infantry.
2 Lieutenant-Colonels... 1
1
2 Majors
10 Captains .... ... 6
23 Lieutenants ... .., 10
8 Ensigns
1. Adjutant ' 0
1 Quartermaster 0
1 Paymaster ... 0
• •
48 23
These figures are startling enough, but they do not tell
one-half the tale. In the first place, there are the stern
necessities of furlough induced by the climate and dis-
tance of India. Nearly all the colonels of regiments,
217 in number, though included in the total of 5,161
above mentioned, are, and have been for many years,
absent from their corps. One of them expired since this
pamphlet was published—a veteran who had served
under Clive himself. and who was a field-officer when
Warren Hastings was dilating upon the woes of the
Begums. Nobody can possibly object to such an ar-
rangement, but it is proper to show out of what items
this singular total is compounded. But too many junior
officers are driven to a premature retreat by the contin-
gencies of the service, and, indeed, we have repeatedly
advocated the expediency of still further facilitating
those opportunities of furlough to which we now refer.
In the next place, from this body of officers are supplied
all the civil, military, and political functionaries of the
general and regimental staff; and, lastly, from the same
source arc sought the requisite European officers for no
fewer than ninety irregular and local regiments. By a
calculation made from the returns of the present year it is
f0u.,;1 tt.tre are ;:ctutily uO Curl.ttnli 656 etn.: r-,
on general staff 1,000, on regimental staff 395; so that
3,08,u efficrrs are all, uyon the highest computation, who
are Lett for the service of an army of 214 battalions,

more astounding. There are only 222 officers of artil-
lery for 12 troops and 42 companies kept constantly
ready for immediate field service. For the ten regular
cavalry regiments of Bengal there are only at this mo-
rent available It 1 officers, being eleven officers to' i
egiment! and this where the whole essence of the service
nsists in imparting the advantages of European disci-
pline to native troopers! Leather gloves, sleeves stiff with
helver lace, shakos, and bear-skins—all that the Indian
olds in aversion, we furnish in abundance, but that
uidance and control of which such things are only a
ymbol we dole out with the most watchful parsimony.
s for the operation of all these practices on the effec-
tive strength of infantry regiments, two simple facts will
Jo more illustrative than any comment. In the latter
Bart of 1846, out of four regiments cantoned together
at Barrackpore there could only be mustered two cap-
ains present and available for duty ; and at this very
Moment, under the walls of Moulton, there is a regi-
Ment from which every single captain and the two senior
Subalterns also are absent or other calls. This requires,
perhaps, a little fuller elucidation, as our readers may
be naturally perplexed to conceive how such officers as
those, which are the boast of our Indian army, could ever
be found absent from their regiments in time of action,
irhatever indulgence they might reasonably require at
periods of less exigence. But the truth is, that they are
absent, not on their own affairs, but the affairs of the
itate. They are detached from their original duties to
duties for the performance of which no provision has
bteem otherwise made. On inquiry it.would very pro-
ably be found that the absentees from the regiment en-
Cansped under Moultan were either raising Paten levies
on the Indus. or commanding some irregular corps in
Bunnoo, or discharging some similar duty in the very
war which is supposed to be demanding and receiving
their services in another capacity. Major Edwardes
himself is a conspicuous example of the practice. While
he-was beating Moolraj on his own territory, and giving
his superiors an opportunity of finishing the war at a
blow, his place in his regiment was left to be taken by
another. The case is precisely the same with those offi-
cers who are holding Peshawur and Attock, and keeping
Chuttur Singh in check in the Hazareh.When the Seikh
corps was formed after our occupation of Lahore two cap-
tains were required for it. They were selected from the
11th and 33d Regiments of Native Infantry, and their ap-
pointments left the former corps with only two captains
remaining, and the latter with one. We are very far
from imagining that these arduous and critical duties
could ever be better discharged than by that class of
men to whom they are entrusted at present. The Go-
vernment and its officers are alike gainers by the prac-
tice ; but it must be obvious that the service, on its
present footing, can never support such a demand. Of
the alternatives proposed—either that the complement
of regimental officers, or that the civil staff, should be
immediately and considerably increased, we incline at
first sight to prefer the former ; for, though the general
aptitude developed by good military discipline
enables a soldier to make an excellent civilian, there
is no such reason for anticipating that a civilian could,
upon emergency, become a soldier. In one suggestion
which this pamphlet revives we cordially concur. It is
to the effect that the commissions of these officers should
cease to be limited "to the East Indies only." In its
principle this scheme is known to have received the
highest military authority living, who recommended
nearly half a century ago that the Company's officers,
after attaining a certain rank, should be eligible to serve
the British Crown in any part of the world. We cannot
afford to lose the advantages of such a school as India.
It is true that we secure them to some extent by the
turns which the royal army takes in this peculiar ser-
vice; but what would have been the result had the Con-
queror of Assaye been a Company's officer? And
why should the country be deprived of the service of any
new Sepoy General whose abilities may be developed on
the plains of the Punjaub?
HERALD.—Our readers will find to-day in another
portion of our paper a second letter from " A Walla-
chian," touching countries but little known to the inha-
bitants of Great Britain, but which, nevertheless, pre-
sent a double claim to the interest of Englishmen. The
principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia are interesting
—firstly, on account or the wide field they open to Eng-
lish enterprise; and,-secondly, because of the misfor-
tunes which have hitherto retarded the full development
ef their great natural advantages. Nor are the Danubian
principalities alone rich in the fertility of their
boil. ' They are wealthy also in the variety and supe-
riority of its: produce, in'tho multitude of the herds and
flocks fed .oa their rich pastures, in the numerous rivers
abounding its fish which intersect them, and in the
mines of gold, silver, and copper which the princi-
palities abnendantly contain. More especially rich in
agricultural produce is Wallachia—called by the
Turks Caraloog Land, or land of black wheat—Walla-
chia—concerning which our valuable correspondent for
the second time addresses us, to-day, a com-
munication which should commend itself to the
attention of every Englishman who bestows the least
thought on foreign politics. It is not alone, however, as
rich and productive lands that we ought to regard these
Danubian principalities.- Favoured by an admirable
geographical' position, they form stratogetioai as well
as sommerciial stations, whose importance cannot-be too
touch over-rated by any great military, naval, or com-
mercial power. Near to the mouth of the finest river 1
...

in Europe--'the "-dark•rolling Danube"—they are
bounded on the one side by. the Black Sea, and on the
other by a chain of mountains most favourable to pro-
duction and vegetation. Nor is the character of the
people such as to render them unworthy of :the rich
gifts which nature has bestowed upon them. The „Ito-
male people which inhabit these regions, known to us
under the name of Wallachians, are a sober, laborious,
generous, and intelligent race—a race which for many
centuries has formed a bulwafk of Christianity and civi-
lization,' however imperfect, ,against the invasions
of fanatic Islamism and Turkish barbarism.
Our correspondent's version of the so-called
Wallachian revolution we believe to be in the main cor-
rect. Curiously enough it is corroborated, in all its
principal features, by the letters of our Constantinople
correspondent, written at the time, and published in
England in June, July, and August. The Wallachian
revolution, in the proper sense of the term, was no revo-
lution at all—or it a revolution, was one of those peace-
ful revolutions so in every way preferable to bloodshed
and barricades., It was, in a word, a mere modification
of the fundamental laws of Wallachia, which the reign-
ing Prince first accepted,' and immediately after abdi-
cated. The -new Government was recognised in the
name of the _Porte by Soleyman Pacha, and the exam-
ple of the Turkish Plenipotentiary was followed by the
representatives of the different Powers at Bucharest.
Soon after, however—while the amended constitu-
tion in which Soleyinan himself had suggested
modifications, was working, or, as the French
would say, -‘ functioning" well—a Turkish army
presented itself before Bucharest—an army whose
chiefs professed, and probably truly professed, that they-
were sent thither in order to deprive Russia of all pre-
text for interference. Confiding in the honour and
honesty of the Turks—our correspondent, "a Walla-
chian," states that 100,000 of his countrymen—(but
here there must, we conceive, be some mistake, for
Bucharest does-not contain much above 80,000 inhabi-
tants)—went out to meet the Turkish army. Fuad Ef-
fenidi, the Turkish .Commissioner, invited. tho Walla-
chians to send a deputation to his camp; but the deputa-
tion were made prisoners, and were dragged from one
dungeon to another by order of the foreign adventurer,
Duhamel, who has attained the rank of General in the
Russian service. Meanwhile Fuad Effendi's army pre-
cipitated itself by forced marches on Bucharest, the
cavalry trampling 'down those Wallachians who had
gone out to meet them as friends, and the infantry
firing on and shooting down the .Wallachian soldiers.
This movement , of Turks was, no doubt, directed
by the Russian Commissary- General, for the WARS.-
chians had always hitherto looked on the Turks as
friends, and had on. more than one occasion abstained
from resistance to deprive Russia of all pretext for in-
terference. On the present occasion- it was impossible
there could be a mistake as to the facts: The voice that
commanded _was the voice of the Turk, but the hand
that directed all was not a Moslem, but a Moscovite
hand. In four and twenty hours, this was plain to the
most unbelieving. The day after the entry-of the Turks
into Bucharest a proclamation of
.the Russian General
Luders announced a violation of the Wallachian terri-
tory by Russian troops. A Russian army arrested
several of the Wallichian functionaries, and dragged
theta in chains through the public streets. The money
in the Government chest was seized by Russian hands
and pocketed, and booty taken either by fair means or
foul was sold by Russians in the public market place.
Whole herds and flocks were carried off 'by the
Muscovite troops, and-the -resources of the country
having by these means been exhausted within a
few days, the Turkish Government came to a re-
solution to defray the expenses of their army of
observation. Not so the Russians. As if to have
a mortgage on the Wallachian soil, the Russian
Government caused a credit to be opened in Petersburgh
for the army stationed at Wallachia, and every penny
paid to that army has been placed to the debit side of
the account of Wallachia. Russian and Turkish com-
missaries, together with Cantacuzene--a creature of
Russia—were subsequently installed in the place of the
native .Government. A Pacha was nominated military
commander of Bucharest, and all concerned in the revo-
lution, or rather in the peaceful change of the funda-
mental laws, were at once proscribed. General Maguero,
however, in this sad state of affairs, stood out for the
liberties of his country. With a force of about 20,000
men he withdrew to the mountains, but after a time, at
the suggestion and request of the British Consul General,
our correspondent " A Wallachian" alleges, he dissolved
his army and retired beyond the Carpathians, being
assured that his presence in armed force paralysed the
action of diplomacy. Such is the state of affairs warmly
and indignantly denounced by the writer of the letter
to which we to-day direct the reader's attention.
The warmth of the writer's expression is, under the
circumstances, certainly excusable, and the indignation
he certainly feels may be well conceived by a Britain to
struggle for utterance, when it is remembered that he
speaks of the independence and neutrality of his coun-
try, a hich he ..11ogcc h been grossly violated. It is
plain item act our advices non Constanunople that the
Ottoman Cabinet has fallen into a pitfall—into a snare
dexterously laid for it by the Russian Government, and

hat the Sublime Porte is now most anxious to withdraw
from the principalities. But Russia opposes this step,
Nell knowing in that event that her' armies would have
no pretext for remaining at Bucharest. That-the con4tiCi
of the Russians is without excuse appeara to us-7-0-
least as we are at present advised—very manifest. wen,
the invasion was undertaken in the month of September
the principalities were in. a state of profound tran-
quillity, and it appears very difficult on an
yrecog-
nised_principle of public law to justify the occupation. of
a neutral, or even a protected_Yet -independent power,
under,such circumstances. . If we mistaltanot, England,
recognised . the neutrality' of Moldavia sad Wallachia
Slot merely in 1824, but in 1828 sand • 1829, at both el?
which periods Viscount Palmerston forreed.a portion of
the Government—first, unsierjsoxd Liverpool and' Mr.
Canning, and secondly, under the. Duke- of- Wellington.
Independently, altogether; however, of considerations of
principle, right, and international law—the - coneentiss
non- of Russian troops on a stratrgetical' point of, set,
much importance as Bucharest—a point from 'which
they may be directed against either Hungary, Italy,
Germany, Constantinople, or France, is a question of
the very gravest European importance—a question
which concerns England more intimately than at the
first blush clearly appears. We believe that our con-
sul general, Mr. Colquhoun, in the principalities, has
done all that a British agent could or ought to de in this
Wallaehian question ; and we also believe that Sir
Stratford Canning has held a proper and fitting lan-
guage, and given the hest advice at Constantinople. But
it seems to us that it is not at Constantinople such re-
monstrances should be loudly heard, but at Tsazko,
Zelo, at Peterhoff, or at St. Petersburgh. Any habi-
tual reader of this paper must be well aware that we
have almost invariably treated Viscount Palmerston
with the greatest leniency. We not only believe him to
be by far the ablest man in the Ministry, but one of the
very few gentlemen in the Whig-Radical Cabinet. But
But his culpable complacency—his dilatoriness—his
negligence—his blandness and poco curante policy, in
anything in which Russian interests or Russian views
are mixed up, is his chief opprobrium—his cardinal and
most conspicuous defect. Indeed, it would latterly seem
as though, out of mere wanton bravado, the temeraire
vieillard (we would not for the world use the words old
man, so spitefully employed in the Chronicle of Satur-
day) is disposed to give some colouring of truth to the
lofty flights of fancy_of the member for Stafford.
DAILY NEWS.—For the Times to continue urbane
and decorous two days in succession is no doubt difficult.
It greeted Mr. Cobden's budget, on Saturday, with half-
insinuated distrust and polite persiflage, but still it was
wondrous civil. Yesterday, however, the Times made
itself ample amends for this brief exercise of self-con-
trol, and relapsed into its natural vocabulary. It ac-
cused Mr. Cobden, " if not of ignorance or haste, of a
scandalous piece of dishonesty." All this, because of
the assertion that the dominant class of the Legislature
have exempted themselves from the probate and legacy
duty, and that the extension of the probate and legacy
duty to real estate, entailed and unentailed, will yield, at
a moderate estimate, 1,500,0004 per annum. This state-
ment the Times characterises as false and dishonest—
first, on the ground that all real property does not enjoy
the exemption; secondly, on the ground that real property
is under peculiar burdens and legal disadvantages. The
first of these reasons is a mere play upon words-..a
taking shelter behind the technical jargon of the courts
of law. The Times does not deny that real estate, en-
tailed and -unentailed, was withdrawn from the opera.
Lion of the legacy and probate duties against the will of
Pitt, who introduced those duties, the corresponding
Bill on real property having been flung out by the coun-
try gentlemen. It does not deny that real estate, if
taxed at the came rate as the property subjected to
these daties, would yield a revenue of 1,500,0001. per
annum ; or that the great bulk of the property thus
emancipated from taxation is owned by the titled and
untitled aristocracy who have hitherto made the House
of Commons, and by its instrumentality made our
laws. This is the important fact, and this the
l imes cannot call in question. The Times asserts that
all leasehold property is liable to probate or legacy duty
(a mistake so far as leasoholds are concerned), and that
" the greater part of this metropolis, and a considerable
portion of the house property and other buildings
throughout the whole kingdom is held for terms of
years." Very true; the millowner holds his factory on
a building lease ; the lawyer, doctor, shopkeeper, and
all of the industrial classes who have houses of their own,
generally hold them upon a building lease ; and they
are subjected to the probate and legacy duties, whilst
the ground landlord is exempted from it. This is pre-
cisely what Mr. Cobden :complains of: the Times has •
proved his case. The assertion that the landlords -ought le
continue exempted from legacy and probate duties because
they are subjected to peculiar burdens is equally unten-
able. "The conveyance of landed property is burthened
by heavier charges than the transfer of personality."
True; but the charges are paid, not to the State, but to
the lawyers, and they are paid in consequence of the
laws made by the owners of that kind of property. It
is no answer to a complaint on the part of the indus-
trial classes that the landlords have exempted them-
selves from a heavy contribution towards the support of
government, that they are foolish enough to uphold a
system by which they are taxed for the private emolu-
ment of legal practitioners. The landlords (our law-
makers) might relieve themselves of this tax
for the benefit of trade, and Government be not a
penny the poorer. That they choose to indulge in
the luxury of an expensive system of conveyancing is no
reason for exempting them from contributing their fair
share towards the expenses of the State. They might
as reasonably claim such an exemption on the ground
that their turtle, pine-apples, and champagne are more
expensive than the labourer's bread and beer. They
are the law-makers, and the industrial class gains no-
thing by the foolish laws they have made to injure
themselves. The privilege of making the laws is an
axe with which they have cut and hewed at all around
them. If from their awkwardness they have hit their
own shins on one occasion, is the already over-taxed
public to be mulcted to pay for a plaister ?
Again, saith the Tunes, " real property pays more
than six millions a year to the relief of the
poor ; personal property nil." This is simply
untrue. Poor-rates are charged, not on the owners:l*s
on the occupiers,, of real property. The warehouseman,.
the shopkeeper, the manufacturer, the house tenant, the
mortgagee, the railway shareholder, all pay poor rates.
The landlord is assessed directly; his tenants are - as-
sessed indirectly : but in point of fact the industrial
class are subjected to the poor-rates as well as the land•
owning law-making class. There is not a merchant or
manufacturer in Yorkshire or Lancashire, there is not a
householder in London, who cannot by the production'
of the collector's receipt for poor-rates disprove, the
assertion of the Times, that the class which has
exempted itself from taxes to the amount Of
1,500,0001. per annum pays the whole of the poor-rates.
The Times cites the, case of landlords taxed as ,high as.,
one- fifth of their income for the relief of the poor. All
we can say of such cases is, that they must be IriSh
landlords or much akin to them. Landlords have poor-
rates very much under their control; and, instead of
paying oue-fifth of their income to them, as the Times
exemplifies, they very often pay nothing at all, and fling
the residue of their workmen and the support of 'their
paupers upon districts where the non-landlord class
abounds. The next plea set up by the Times is the fun-
niest of all. The landowner pays tithes! He has re-
ceived, or he has purchased his estate, with the full
knowledge and condition that a certain portion of its
produce belongs not to him, but to the church. The
Times calls this a tax upon the landholder. It might as
well designate rent as a tax upon the farmer. The next
thing the Times will propose is no doubt the repeal of
this tax, the abolition of this tithe. It might as well
turn communist, and abrogate rent! The land-tax is
another exclusive burden, according to the Times.
What, however, was the land-tax originally, but a puts-
stitute for a feudal service, or for a rent actually charged
by law on landed property, and commuted to this tax,
which has dwindled to a diminutive fraction of, the pro-
fits of land, augmented as these have been to enormous
dimensions, not by the culture or industry of the land-
lord, but by the rise and increase of mercantile
industry around him? The Times, in making up the
landlords' account, does not spare an item. Tho county
rates are another exclusive burden. rray, what are
the rates for the paving and lighting of towns?
Cannot the country gentlemen trot or drive over-the-
town pavement without a charge, whilst the towns-
man if he sends his cart, and tarns his horse over the
road and bridge paid out of the county rate, is compelled
instantly to pay his quota in the shape of a turnpike
toll? As to lunatic asylums, police, and all the sundries
of the Times, does not the town tenant pay them out of
his personal property? But we see the reason why the
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reforMers and the landed interest; the inklings of which
for the cause of retrenchmont are, above all. things,.
Most dreadedi by the oligarchy. In this, however, the
Times shall be disappointed. We claim nothing but, a
fair apportionment of taxation, local as well as general.
We wish to destroy that old juggle of taxing by com- -
pensation, and of loading different classes with different
urdens, and exciting mutual jealousies, in order, that,
"in& to their divisions, the oligarchy may have
more -facility for overburdening and despoiling both.

[ADvERTIONMENT.] —The Agent appointed- by
John Kaye, Esq., of Dalton-hall, near Huddersfield, for
the sale of his celebrated Worsdelfs Vegetable Restorative
pills, beg to caution the public against spurfous imita-
tions.
_Every boa of John Kaye's Pills is enclosed in a
wrapper with directions, on which is printed the arms of
the above gentleman, and also a fac-simile of his signa-
ture; and without these none can be genuine. The
thousands of cures-effected by this remarkable medicine
are truly wonderful:" especially in cases of indigestion,
billions affections, nervousness, headaches, cutaneous
diseases, derangement of the respiratory organs, bowel
complaints, and dropsy. This has induced Mr. Kaye to
instruct his London Agent to give the utmost publicity
to this health restoring and invigorating medicine. A.
list of testimonials, containing three hundred cases of
cure, has just been issued. Sold, price is. lid., 2s. 9J.,
and 4s. 6d. per box, by all respectable Medicine Venders.
, SINGULAR PRESERvATIoN OF A CAT.—A short
time since whilst Abe Blessing, of Goole, was taking in
coal, a cat got into the hold of the vessel and secreted
herself under two large pieces of coal, which formed a
sort of covering or protection for her—somewhat in the
shape of the letter A. A cargo was thrown in and com-
pleted, and poor puss was buried alive. The vessel ar-
rived in Lynn, and on the iSth day from the time of her
being immured, puss was found by the porters unloading
the ship and still alive, she having been protected by the
position of the large pieces of coal as before stated.
The poor animal was taken from her place in a very ex-
hausted state, and received the attention necessary to
her restoration.—Lynn Adverti.n.

Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
Office, from the Governors of Ceylon, Hong-Kong,
the Mauritius, and Malta.