The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-10 00:00:00

THIS EVENING

All honour to the Irish Government, to the talented
and patriotic Nobleman who now fills the Vice-
royalty, and to his upright and able colleagues. The
step kas been taken which we have so long advocated:
the money to be levied on the different lands for the
purpose of affording employment to the destitute and
impoverished children of the soil is no longer to be
expended solely on public works of a barren and
unproductive nature ; the land is to be improved and
brought into a higher state of cultivation ; and we
may, therefore, reasonably hope not only that there
will be a means by which the extraordinary ad-
ditional charges on the lands throughout the country
may be met without any additional pressure on the
already heavily encumbered landowners, but that the
increased means will be obtained in the most desirable
manner, and that increased food will also be the happy
result ; that Ireland,will not only afford an ample pro-
vision for the wants and necessities of her people, but
that she will again be enabled, as heretofore, to export
from her abundance a copious supply of edibles to
the people of Great Britain in return for their manu-
factures. The Executive have taken upon themselves
a great responsibility, but one for which an ample
indemnity will be unhesitatingly granted immediately
on the meeting of Parliament, which, thanks to their
decided and vigorous determination, it will now be
unnecessary to convene until the usual and ac-
customed period ; and thus gentlemen will be enabled
to remain in their several localities at a time when
their presence will be most valuable, and the necessity
of hasty legislation will be dispensed with.
In The Sun of Thursday we published a circular
which was forwarded to the lieutenants of the different
counties, bearing date the 6th instant, and containing
a copy of a letter addressed the previous day to the
chairman of the Board of Works, with a request that
it might as speedily as possible be laid before the ma-
gistrates and cess-payers of the several counties. In
this letter the Government plan, and the length to
which his Excellency is prepared to go, is fully set
forth, and we doubt not that it will be hailed with the
greatest joy and gratitude by all classes throughout
the country. It states that his Excellency has had
under his consideration the various representations
made to him of the operation of the Poor Employ-
ment ment Act, and of the difficulty of finding
in the
greater number of baronies public works on which it
would be expedient or beneficial to expend money to
the extent requisite for affording employment to the
people during the existence of the 'present distress.
With a view, therefore, of obviatir.g the bad effects of
a great expenditure of money in the execution of
works comparatively unproductive, he desires the
Commissioners of Public Works to direct their
officers in the several counties to consider and report
upon such works of a reproductive character and
paramount utility as may be presented in the manner
therein mentioned, at any sessions held under the
above-mentioned Act. And it states that his Excel-
lency will be prepared to sanction and approve of
such of these works thus recommended by the Board,
in the same manner as if they had been strictly
public works, and presented as such in the manner
required by the Act. The following are the rules to
be acted on, viz.:—

Will be pertbrrned the popular Drama of TILE STEED OF SY-
RACUSE; or, Damon's Flight. Damon, Mr.J.lliu,vood; Pythias,
Mr. J. Dale ; Calanthe, Mrs. M. Brooks. Assisted by the nu-
merous Company, double Stud, &c.
After which, popular SCENES of the CIRCLE, and other No-
Yeltles. . . _

Mr. BATTY has much pleasure in announcing that he has farmed
arrangements with several continental artistes:—Messrs. Joseph
Paul Cone, Lorentz Walt!, Rosanne Walff, Polaskt, Amidio Neuport,
and the popular vaulters, Messrs. Henderson and T. Lee, who will
appear during the winter season, which commences on Monday,
Octoher 12. for the first time, with a variety of novel productions.
Likewise in active preparation, a new Equestrian Spectacle, of un-
equalled effects, performing in Paris with great success, arranged
and produced by Mr. W. Broadfoot.
rioa•oface open from eleven till five o'clock.—Doors open at six
and commence at seven o'clock.

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.
THIS EVENING

WM be performed a new grand, legendary. remantle Drama, en-
titled THE SPECTRE SKIFF ; or, The Phantom of the Sea. Mabel
Allerton, Mies Vincent ; Tabitha Ted, Mies L. Pearce ; Dame Plain-
body. Mrs. Cooke; Luke Allerton, Mr. Archer; Diedrich Jansein,
Searle ; Peter Plainbody, Mr. Forman ; Ben Bullock, Mr. C.
J. Bird. . • _

After which, a laughable Barletta, entitled CHELSEA AND
GREENWICH; or, Past Ten o'Cleck, and a Rainy Night. By
Messrs. Forman, Searle, Higgie, Howard, Raymond ; Mrs. Lee, Miss
Yielding, Miss L. Pearce, Ace.
To conclude with a powerful and highly interesting Nautical
Drama, entitled BREAKERS AHEAD ; or, A Seaman's Log.
Lake, Mr. C. J. Bird ; Allan, Mr. Florrington (tirst appearance In
London) ; Capt. Oakum, Mr. Archer ; Black Graham, Mr. Searle ;
Barnaby, Mr. Forman ; Amy Graham, Miss Vincent.

WEATHER.--S 01,71 CE, OCTOBER 10.
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 55; Highest, 62 ; Noon, 62,
BAROMETER, 29.6.—W1ND W.S.W., showery.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE TIIIS DAY.
Morning .. 6 minutes after S. J Evening .. 2$ mantas after e.

" 1. The presentment sessions will estimate the sum which
it may be necessary to raise off the barony fur the pur-
pose of affording employment.
"2. They will also ascertain the proportion of such as-
sessment, which, according to the last poor-law valuation,
may be chargeable upon each electoral division of an
union, or portion of an electoral division (if the whole
shall not be included) in the barony ; and they will ob-
tain for this purpose, from the clerk of each poor-law
union, a copy of such valuation.
" 3. They will present for such useful and profitable
works to be executed in each electoral division, to the
amount of its proportion of the assessment ascertained
as above.
" 4. In the case of drainage, however, and subsoiling,
so far as it .hall be connected with drainage, an under-
taking she'll be given in writing, and transmitted with
the presentment, by the person or persons whose lands
are proposed to be drained (being proprietor' in the
terms of the Act 3 and 6 Victoria, chap. 89), stating
that the money so to be expended shall be a charge ex-
clusively on the lands so to be improved, and be levied
from the same, according to an award to be made by the
Commissioners as under the last-mentioned Act and its
amendments."

If our readers will look to The Sun of the 12th
September they will see that the above rules closely
follow the suggestions we then offered, and which we
have continually repeated from time to time since
that period. We proposed " that a register should
be kept in every district of the persons for whom em-
ployment should be provided, and an apportionment
of the quantity of labour, so as to ascertain that fairly
chargeable against each acre in proportion to its
value." By this the first rule would be immediately
complied with, as the sum necessary to be raised off ,
the barony for the purpose of affording employment
would at once be ascertained. The suggestion has
also been followed in the instructions for the forma •
tion and guidance of relief committees, on which we

that, they are indelibly stamped upon the memory of • yesterday commented. The committees are forthwith
his contemporaries. It can never be forgotten, in to prepare and to revise, from time to time, such a
reviewing the occurrences which have ultimately list for their several districts which shall at
conduced to the realisation of free trade, that Mr. once point out, in the clearest manner,
VILi.IERa waiethe eloquent and consistent champion the resources necessary to be provided through-
of those principles when they were most derided and out the entire country. The second rule
when their success was altogether hopeless ; it can ; provides for the apportionment of the quantity of
never be forgotten that year after year a motion for labour chargeable upon each electoral division in the
the abolition of restrictive imposts upon grain was barony, and thus the proportion fairly appli-
made in the House of Commons by Mr. VILLIERS, cable to each acre, according to its value. The
and that, although it was sometimes negatived with third rule adopts the great principle, that every
explosions of laughter, and invariably by enormous owner of land must employ the poor belonging
majorities, it was sure to be re-introduced in the fol- to that land. It directs the sessions to present for
lowing session with unabated earnestness and renewed such useful and profitable work to be executed in
ability. When no prestige encompassed the advocacy each electoral, division to the amount of its proportion
of free trade, but when, on the contrary, the two of the assessment. Thus, no sum will be levied for
great hostile parties were alone in unison upon that public works in any division where their proportion
particular—when the peasantry credulously regarded of the entire sum to be raised is employed in useful
protection as their only safeguard—when the mer- works within their boundaries ; this being the case,
cantile classes dreaded the effects of foreign competi- there is little doubt that the people will select the
tion—when the mass of the electors, and the vast most beneficial channel for the employment of that
bulk of the legislators, coincided in opposing what labour for which they must find full occupation. We
they conceived to be the fatuous day-dreams of poli- confess that we should be better pleased to see
tical economy—then it was that the Member for the rule carried to the extent which we
Wolverhampton pleaded with cogency of reasoning recommended on the 12th September, and that
and rhetorical zeal for the acceptation of a policy each owner of land should be permitted to select
which was otherwise unadvocated. the manner in which he would employ the labour
Wonderful changes have occurred since that period; ' from which the land in his hands should provide
the scheme that was hitherto regarded as the chimera work ; but the step taken is in the right direction,
of political adventurers has been written in the sta- and may easily, and probably will be, extended to
tute-book amidst the acclamations of the popular the point we have advocated. We urged "that the
representatives. To the almost solitary name of labour for which the land is bound to pay should be
VILLIERS have been added the names of many illus- employed, in developing the productive power of the
trious statesmen. The proposition that was originally land.' That will now be done in every instance
carried down to St. Stephen's, session after session, which is presented for by the sessions and approved
in the pocket of a barrister, has since then been im- by the officers of the Board of Works. Again, we
pelled to its final approval by a vast and marvellous said—" The necessity for the interference of the State
association. The reed has expanded into a trumpet, is to compel a certain quantity of land to provide for
which has breathed the grand truths of political a certain quantity of labour. If the owner or oc-
economy into every corner of the land, and carried cupier of that land is willing to do so, he should be
conviction to the most obdurate antagonists. Still, permitted to select the manner of that employ-
throughout all these extraordinary alterations, the ment himself. In such a case he will be certain,
voice, and the hand, and the heart of the Honourable to apply it in the most beneficial and advan-
Member for Wolverhampton hare continued at the tageous channel. A labour-rate should be
service of the people, as they were during imposed on the land, sufficient for the remuneration
the days of tribulation and discomfiture. On of the persons requiring employment, but a drawback
the platform of the League meetings, by the should be allowed therefrom for the actual amount
side of COBDEN in the House of Commons, in the paid for labour by the person chargeable. If one
closet as well as in the rostrum, with the pen as well hundred acres of land should be chargeable with the
as with the tongue, Mr. VILLIERS still continued the maintenance of ten labourers, the owner should fairly
same arduous and untiring course as when he had be discharged from any payment ; if he can clearly
stood almost alone upon the floor at Westminster. It and satisfactorily prove that he has kept ten men in
is well that these things should be remembered, and constant occupation, he should only be bound to pay
that their recollection should be cherished, because it is the balance not so expended." Of course, the la.
in them that we possess the best guarantee for the bourers so to be employed must be persons selected
integrity of future constituencies and the patriotism from the register, to which we have alluded, of
of future representatives. 'Wolverhampton has shown labourers for whom employment must be provided.
itself worthy of its Member, by transmitting an ex- In order to make the rule equitable it must be car-
pression of its gratitude and admiration to the states- lied to that extent : the money raised off of every
man who was mainly instrumental in rendering holding should be expended in that particular holding
those principles triumphant, for the success of which and it would be manifestly unjust that any person'
their representative had so long yearned and so should have labour paid for by his neighbour de-
zealously laboured. In acknowledging this address voted to the improvement of his private property,
from the electors of Wolverhampton, Sir ROBERT We cannot see why that labour may not be applied
PEEL has himself paid an emphatic and well-deserved to drainage or subsoiling in the same manner, and as
tribute to the Member for that borough. Those well, as to any other work. The fourth rule provides,
constituents, says he, "are entitled to a share of that if the work is of that character a written under-
the credit which is justly due to one of taking should be given by the person or persons
their representatives (Mr. Vmerens) by whom those whose lands are proposed to be drained, stating that
principles have been advocated for many years, under the money so to be expended shall be a charge exclu-
adverse as well as prosperous circumstances, with sively on the lands so to be improved, and to be
great perseverance and singular ability." In recur- levied therefrom according to an award to be made
ring to the memorable epoch which has witnessed the by the Commissioners under the last-mentioned Act
acceptation of free trade by the Legislature, the and its amendments. Now it appears to us only fair
people of Great Britain will not fail to remember and just that the owner of such lands should be
how much that acceptation is owing to the enlighten- allowed for the portion of labour for which it should
ment of 'Wolverhampton and to the eloquent advo- find work, without its being made an exclusive charge
cacy of the Hon. CHARLES PEL/lANI VILLIERS. thereon. 'We, however, tender our hearty thanks to
the Executive for that which they have promulgated ;
they have more than fulfilled the high expectations
entertained on their accession to office, and by their
statesmanlike conduct they have given fair grounds for
the hope expressed by his Excellency, viz., that " the
calamity with which it has pleased PROVIDENCE to
afflict Ireland, may yet in its result become con-
ducive to the production of greater abundance of
human food from the soil, and to the future perma
nent improvement of the country."

The New Hamburgh Gazette publishes a letter from
Dusseldorf, which states that the Conference of the
Zolverein, assembled at Berlin, had determined to
raise the import duty on linen-thread to 2 rix-dollars
per quintal, and on twists to 3 rix-dollars.

Accounts have been received from Rome to the
30th September. The old Papal party are endea-
vouring to excite the people in the provinces against
the liberal POPE. The following proclamation, which
has been extensively circulated in ono of the pro-
vincial towns, is, it is said, the production of Cardinal
DELLA. GENGA

" Very dear Brethren,—Our holy religion is nearly
succumbing, The intrusive Pontiff Mastai is the op-
pressor of it. He belongs to the party of ' Young Italy.'
His acts show that. Vigilance, then I Prudence and
courage, brethren l If you have the courage, which I
believe you to have, the religion of the only Son of God
made man w triumph. God will assist us ; for besides
the divine arm we have that of the world—the right of
Ferdinand I. and the left of Ferdinand 11. In tho mean-
time do not cease to remind the faithful that the de-
vouring germ resists in vain the will of the Most Iligh.
The devouring germ shall be smothered by us. On a
future day the terrible day of our glory will be pub-
lished, and heaven will assist us in the enterprize "
Th• Pore has given some dissatisfaction to the
Liberal party by his nomination of Delegates, the
whole of whom are ecclesiastics. It had been hoped
that his TIOLINES6 would have appointed secular De-
puties. It is reported that Cardinal Gizzr, in conse-
quence of the strong opposition which ell his measures
met with in the Consistory, had tendered his resigna-
tion, but that, at the earnest request of the POPE, he
had consented to withdraw it. The old Papal party
is supported in its opposition to the Porm's measures
by Austria.

The Austrian garrisons of Ferrara and Co-
machio have been reinforced, and the defensive works
of the citadel of Ferrara strengthened.

The news from Lisbon is to the 2d instant.
The intrigues of the German DIETZ, who seems
to have the King and Queen of PORTUGAL completely
under his control, and who is all but: avowedly the
agent of a foreign power, which has long been seek-
ing to gain an ascendancy in the Peninsula, have at
length aroused the feelings of nationality of the
Portuguese people. The distracted state of the
country is attributable solely to the intrigues of the.
Afrancesado faction, of which Dirrz and the CABRALS
are the tools, and the KING and QUEEN the dupes.
It is much to be feared that a revolution, which may
cost the QUEEN her throne, will be the consequence
of these intrigues, for rumours were rife in Lisbon
that a necessity might arise for proclaiming as King
of Portugal Dom PEDRO the heir to the throne, a
child of ton years of age, and appointing a regency to
govern in his name.
The Camarilla and the Ministry are at war, and
DIETZ and the Court are openly intriguing for their
overthrow. The Bank, instigated by the Camarilla,
had refused to assist the Ministry, and had expected
that the resignation of Ministers would have been the
consequence of their refusal. The Ministry, however,
managed to do without their assistance, and are still in
office. The resumption of cash payments by the
Bank is postponed to the 31st December

Madrid papers of the 3d have arrived.
The Bill for raising 25,000 men for the army had
passed the Senate, and both Chambers had adjourned.
It was not supposed they would re-assemble before
the dissolution.
Count MUSSON was about to proceed to Alcoban-
das, to receive the Princes.
_ _

Mr. BULWER. was to leave Madrid on the 3d for
Aranjuez, where he would remain until the marriages
Ns ere over. Senor SALAMANCA, the banker, and seve-
ral members of the Opposition party, would also
withdraw from Madrid during the stay there of the
French Princes.

The Herald° states that the QUEEN will grant an
extensive and general amnesty.
Mr. BULIVER dispatched a courier for Cadiz on the
3d, with instructions for Admiral Sir W. PARKER.
MADRID Bor&t, Ocr. 3.—The Three per Cents. were
done at 34% for cash; the Four per Ceuta., 211,4, ; the Five
per Cents., at 211,4 ; the Debt without Interest, (94 ; and
the Coupons, 20%.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.
The Constitutionnel gives the following as the sub-
stance of the various not which haw passed on the

il/4 ~
.. rtlp.;
'ii
~ 41If -
‘ ,
- le
4_`.4".'7 .._T—AwIIL,.. 7 • 41!7:3 ' 41111:: Itk .iIIIV '
'' ". ..kirinarrr• 7 1-1.; iika -71"°411% "... ,i;,,,e,
. ......