The Sun.
London, England, 1846-01-02 00:00:00

TilE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 2, 1846.

JUVENILE CRIMINALS.
(From the Chronicle.)
Under the head of " Mansion-house," in our police
intelligence of Thursday, will be found a report of some
excellent observations by the Lord Mayor, in the course
of which he appeals to what he terms " the powerful
press of the metropolis" to aid him in directing the at-
tention of the public and the Legislature to the necessity
of providing adequate provision for the reception and
reformatory discipline of juvenile criminals. No reader
of the Morning Chronicle requires to be informed of our
ready sympathy with his Lordship's feelings. For years
we have seized every available opportunity of dwelling
upon what, in the language of the Lord Mayor, is " the
most painful of spectacles," the " crowds of helpless,
half-naked children," who swarm in our streets, and
become, as if by a fatal necessity, the victims of crime
and the permanent feeders of our gaols and our penal
colonies. The immediate case before the Lord Mayor
was a very common, though a very afflicting one. Three
boys, the youngest eight, the eldest twelve years of age,
were brought before him. One of them had- been seen
by a benevolent gentleman to commit a petty theft ;
and he caused them all to be brought up to the Mansion-
house, with the view of having their apparently desolate
condition inquired into, and to see if there were any
means of arresting their progress in what the chief
civic magistrate of the greatest city in the civilised
world was constrained to call " their road to certain
destruction." The necessity for something effective
being done is even more urgent than probably the
Lord Mayor was himself awate of, when he made the
observations to which our attention has been called.
Hitherto the public have been under the impression that
there was in England a reformatory institution for juve-
nile criminals. When Lord John Russell brought in the
Bill for establishing Parkhurst prison, he expressed himself
as not being very sanguine as to the results of the insti-
tution. Tills was both prudent and decorous in a states-
man officially propounding a measure which was a first
step i.a a new system of penal jurisprudence. Still, the
prison was distinctly understood to be an experiment, in
the way of juvenile reformation, by the State, and up to
the date of the last annual report from Parkhurst prison,
it was so understood, not merely by the general public,
but by the officers of the institution. The last annual
report tells us of the mode in which 105 young pri-
soners have been disposed of. Eighteen were sent to
Western Australia with conditional pardons ; three were
pardoned on medical grounds ; two were transferred to the
Refuge for the Destitute ; and no less than seventy-nine
were " removed to Millbank for transportation." For
this unusual occurrence the governor of the prison
deems it necessary to furnish a special apology. " The
:lumber of prisoners," he says, " sent back to Millbank
for transportation last year, was, from peculiar circum-
stances, unusually great. A number of ill-disposed and
discontented boys having been discovered, who mani-
fested no desire to avail themselves of the course of in-
struction and training pursued at Parkhurst, but mis-
chievously employed themselves in unsettling others, it
was deemed expedient to remove the greater portion of
them, and the salutary effect of that step has been very
apparent since that time in the improved conduct of the
remaining prisoners." It now appears that there is not
the least necessity for waking selections amongst the
prisoners at Parkhurst. They are all destined for trans.
portation. Some time ago Mr. Sergeant Adams, acting
in his official capacity as chairman of the Middlesex
Sessions, was moved by a similar scene to that which
drew forth the earnest appeal of the Lord Mayor. We
noticed his observations at the time, and concurred
with the Learned Sergeant as to the necessity of ob-
taining some information respecting the intentions
of the Executive with respect to Parkhurst. An
official reply has been received, in answer to a letter from
Mr. Sergeant Adams ; and this answer we give at
length in a separate column. From this we gather the
startling fact, that, in future, no juvenile prisoners are to
be sent to Parkhurst who are not destined " finally" " to
be sent abroad ;" and all magistrates at Quarter Ses-
sions, when selecting candidates for Parkhurst, are to
bear in mind two qualifications which Sir James Gra-
ham considers to be essential : first, that the age of ad-
mission is " fourteen," and, secondly, that the " size
and stature" are proportionate to the age. Whatever
benefit, therefore, Parkhurst prison may prove to be to
the colonies, it is clear that, so long as the present Home
Secretary is in office, and adheres to what he terms his
" uniform rule," there is little chance of any cure being
effected of that ulcer of vice and ignorance which is
eating into the heart of our social condition. The re-
marks of the Lord Mayor were re-echoed by the chie;
clerk, Mr. Goodman, who, with reference to the case
then before the bench at the Mansion-house, declared
that though he had been but a short time in his present
position, he had seen an infinity of similar in-
stances. " There appeared, " he said, "no
approach to an abatement of the evil, which
was certainly one of the greatest ma!nitude"
And nothing but an effort of comprehensive character
will cure such an enormous mischief. " There was no
calamityi" said the Lord Mayor, " comparable to that
which sprung from that of bringing up youth in habits
and practices of idleness and vice. The Legislature
spent hours and days in discussing the principle of edu-
cation. Could the minds of the representatives of the
people be more admirably, more benevolently employed.
than in devising means of correcting the awful evil
which was always before the eyes of the magistrate, and
was almost as frequently encountered by men concerned
in the ordinary transactions of life." We press these
remarks on our readers ; and, in the language of Mr.
Goodman, we could name more than one " bnevolent
high-minded man" in the House of Commons who nkight
take up this question, make it his own, and, surmounting
at once its obstacles and its difficulties, free us from the
absurdity of having to concentrate the whole form and
power of our criminal law upon a mere infant—an ab-
surdity almost as ludicrous as it would be to employ a
locomotive engine in hunting down a butterfly.

if to entreat me not to desert them. And, in the mag-
nificence of my emotions and the beauty of my visions,
the wordly sarcasms that had lately so shaken me seemed
something of another and a lower existence; and I mar-
velled that, !or a moment, this thin transient cloud could
have shadowed the sunshine of my soul. And I arose,
and I lifted up my arm to heaven, and waved it like a
banner, and I swore by the Nature that I adored, that,
in spite of all opposition, I would be an author, ay! the
greatest of authors, and that far climes and distant ages
should respond to the magic of my sympathetic page."
Is not this painted to the very life ?—the agony of
the proud spirit bowed down even to the dust, and
the glorious energy of conscious intellect rising with
new vigour, resolved to dare and conquer all ! But
we will not linger with the young Contarini, we
leave him to seek the sunny shores of Italy, the be-
loved country of his dreams—to find the ideal mistress
of his heart, and feel the ecstasy of a poet's love. 'We
leave him and turn to "Alroy." This is a very different
theme, written in another style. It is the history of
a conqueror. Like Contarini, it is a perfect picture;
we behold the gradual development of character—we
perceive the difference of each separate part, yet re-
cognise the unity of the whole. Alroy is a daring,
high-spirited youth, descended from the royal line of
David, yet born in captivity. His soul burns for
freedom, his ardent spirit pants for the liberation of
his countrymen, for the restoration of the ancient
glories of Jerusalem. The love of conquest is not
yet developed, it is the holy spirit of a patriot, and a
believer that animates his breast. His genius finds a
way, his daring achieves the glory! Behold him' a
conqueror in the land of his captivity ! Bagdad is in
his power—now is the time to march to Jerusalem,
but the tiger has tasted blood, the lust of pomp and
power prevails ; why should he go to Jerusalem ? A
not Bagdad as great and glorious ? He stays and
finds a Cmpua at Bagdad! All this is beautifully and
faithfully related ; the gradual decline as the hero
sinks into the conqueror is true to nature; we admire
we pity, and we comprehend.

" Brief, bright, and glorious was his young career."
His better genius exerts her influence at the close,
; the setting of his sun is glorious as its dawn. We
have had many histories of conquests, but this is the
history of the conqueror. Yet the style is even more
beautiful than the tale, a story of the East, it is
clothed in all the gorgeous splendour of Oriental ro.
' mance, our translations of the Arabian Nights" are
tame in comparison ; but then they are translations,
and this is original. The style is solemn, musical, and
harmonious ; most of the descriptions are in the flowery
language of the East, in slow, melodious measure,
breathing the spirit of true poetry. If anything could
mar the harmony, it is an occasional rhyme, but hap-
pily these are few and far between. Amid these poetic
beauties, these magnificent descriptions, ever and anon
we find some sudden startling passage, some senti-
ment of wisdom and philosophy, which bids us to lay
aside the hook and think ; these examples are nume-
rous. Perhaps one of the most striking is the foltow-
ing :—" We make our fortunes, and we call them fate."
In these passages we recognise the genius that con-
ceived " Sidonia." It is needless to say more regard-
ing these volumes ; those who have not read them may
look forward to the perusal with pleasure, and those
who know them will be glad to read them again. The
first volume contains a portrait of the author, from a
likeness by Chalon. It was evidently taken some
years back, and represents him

"Still fresh with the brightness of youth."

As such it forms a fitting accompaniment to a work
(to use the beautiful language of Contarini) written
" while the dewy freshness of youthful fancy still lin-
gered on his mind."

THE STUDENT'S HELP. By Guido Sorelli.
Since the first confusion of tongues, innumerable
systems have been advanced to facilitate the acquire-
ment of different languages. Some have proposed
tuition orally, some tuition by books, some tuition by
means of tables arranged in a peculiar and mathe-
matical order. In the present little brochure, its
author endeavours to aid all students in Italian and
French literature by a method of very ingenious sim-
plicity. The plan, which is entirely his own, is
nothing more than the introduction of three parallel
columns of letterpress in each page—first, Italian,
then English, then French. By this arrangement the
mode of learning to translate from either is left
entirely to the option of the teacher, who may at one
time, by concealing the original text, require his
pupils to give a literal varsion from one or other of
the foreign dialects, or at another proceed upbn the
opposite principle. In the development of this novel
system Guido Sorelli has selected the largest portions
of Genesis, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, &c., as specimens
of the manner in which the three languages should be
placed in j uxtgposition ; and if the publication be not
precisely adapted for the generality of scholars, it is
deserving of notice trona its feasibility as well as its
eccentricity. Whether it would not have materially,
improved this rather unpretending work if its com-
piler had expunged the metrical lessons at the end, is
possibly a matter of opinion ; but we must em-
phatically protest against such extravagant vagaries
of verse as that in which Guido Sorelli exclaims—

" Stand off, ye stars! nor more in union'd joy illume
a world." Still more do we protest against 'the in-
troduction of anything like fanaticism, or bigotry, or
controversial zeal, in connexion with an elementary
book of this nature—a book thar circulates among
parties too youthful and inexperienced to be able
properly to estimate the merits or demerits of any
religious tenets. We would remind Guido Sorelli
that one of the most divine attributes of Christianity
is charity, and that another is justice; and that, con-
sequently, if he wishes to claim kindred with the
followers of the Nazarene, he should never imbue a
school-book with malignity towards one body cf men
and sycophancy towards another. As a teacher of
youth he labours, in this respect, under a heavy re-
sponsibility. Saving, however, this very great
blemish, the small volume before us is elegantly
worded and usefully conceived.

DISS PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY.—The ninth anni-
versary of this increasingly popular Society was celebrated
at the Crown Commercial Inn, on Tuesday last, the 30th
ult., when upwards of fifty gentlemen sat down to a sump-
tuous dinner, served up in Mrs. Winkup's first-rate style.
Mr. Thomas Farrow took the chair, and was supported right
and left by the principal gentry of the town, who gave de-
monstrative proof of the interest they felt in promoting the
welfare and prosperity of the Society, by their liberal sub-
scription to its funds. A good dinner and the usual loyal
and patriotic toasts having been duly disposed of, overtures,
glees, songs, &c., followed each other in rapid succession.
Among the former, the "Caliph of Bagdad" and "Figaro "
were played with considerable spirit and precision, and each
elicited well-merited approbation. " The Harvest Song," by
Mr. Owen Whayman, organist of Eye Church, accompanied
on the pianoforte by Mr. Grey, organist of Diss Church, was
beautifully sung, and called forth raptures of applause; as
did also "Hurrah for the Gipsy's Jovial Life," sung by Mr.
Charles Garrod, iron-founder, of Eye, which was deservedly
encored • but the song of the evening was " The Pleasures
of a Philharmonic Meeting," by Mr. J. B. Rix, which elicited
deafening and lasting shouts, and which added much to the
hilarity of the evening. In fact, the whole of the entertain-
ments went off with eclat to the performers, and satisfaction
to the company. The thanks of the meeting were unani-
mously given to Mr. Redgrave, the talented Secretary, for
his judicious arrangements, and for his zealous and indefati-
gable services during thepast year.—From a Correspondent.
A litter front the Hague, of the 26th ultimo, con-
tains the following :—" We have lately had great changes
at Court. One of the King's aide-de-camps and two of the
Queen's chamberlains have been dismis,.ed. The aide-de-
camp Is Admiral Arriens, who was tutor to Prince Henry,
the King's third son, who is now a full captain. The King
is taid to have been highly dis-'atisfied with the manner in
which he has brought up this young prince, whose cavalier
manners show that he has been neglected and too much
indulged. It is also rumoured that Admiral Arriens had
laid claim to the office of Minister of Marine, but in dis-
regard of this it was given to Admiral Ryk ; upon which
Admiral Arriens so far forgot himself as to suffer discontent
to exhale in expressions personally irreverent towards the
King. The disgrace of Baron de Mackay. the Queen's
Chamb.ulain, arose, in the following manner :—At the in-
auguration of tt.e statue t f William the Taciturn, the Queen
and Princesses viewed the ceremony from the balc.:ny of the
I alace. A slight rain came on, and the Queen requested
the Laron, who was behind her, to procure her an umbrella.
According to court etiquette it was the baron's duty to go
himself, bring the umbrella, open it, and hold it over her
Majesty's head. The chamberlain, however, oreered a
lacquey to do what he ought himself to have done. The
Queen said nothing at the time, but very shortly after the
ceremony Baron de Mackay received his discharge from
office. The third dismissal is that of M. Nan Brienen, jun.,
the Queen's other chamberlain, and who is indebted for it to
his having, while with the court at its last visit to Luxem-
burg, appeared at the court entertainments without his offi-
cial costume and insignia.".
GLASGOW PIG IRON TRADE.—DECEMBER 30.
There seems to be a very good feeling this week, speculators
looking forward to the French Legislature modifying their
tariff rtgarding foreign iron. Cash transactions, however,
have beeu very few. In the present state of our market,
three or ftair thousand tons forced, for cash, would not com-
mand 70s. ; while, on the other hand, were as large a (inan-
e fluctuations
be
teuations interesting,
which e
a t
thee
ywanted at once, 755. would require to be paid. One of
our largest makers hast,his week (or end of last week) made
a contract with a house in town for 2,000 tons, at 80s., paying
ae
January price 655. to 70s. per ton.
February ..
a small deposit, the iron to be delivered when required. The
of the b may
sellers were open for further contracts at one shilling advance.
taken place:—
closeTlie price
h the year, e a(' ur
90s.
120 s.
March tt eo ans it
e2ss.o6md
e.
F. om this peliod till
let June prices gra-
dually receded t 0...
June
July
August

• RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
THE BROAD AND NARROW GAUGE ENGINES.
—EXPERIMENTS FOR TESTING THEIR
TRACTIVE CAPACITIES.
YORK, WEDNESDAY NIGHT.—The experiments, under
the Commission, were resumed here this morning. The
experiments yesterday with the 50-tons trains were con-
sidered so inconclusive, in consequence of the high wind
which prevailed; that i; was determined to repeat them
to-day. The hour appointed for leaving the station was
nine o'clock. The train left at 9h. 2m. 10s., accompa-
nied by Professor Barlow, Professor Airey, Mr. Watson,
Mr. Brunel, Mr. Saunders, Mr. Gooch, Mr. Bidder, Mr.
Wyndham Harding, Mr. Berkley, Mr. Cabry, and
about a dozen other gentlemen. The day was a favour-
able one. There was alight breeze to the north, and the
rails were in a very fair condition. Contrary to the prac-
tice observed in the experimental trips upon the Great
Western Railwa.y, the train did not stop at the first mile
post, and commence its experimental trip from a state of
rest. Instead of'doing this, it passed the post at the
rate of about eight miles per hour. The following is
the working of the train for the 43 miles, that is mea-
suring from the ',first mile-post out of the York station
to the mile-post on the York side of the Darlington
station:—

575. 6d.
80s.
60s.
85s.

September t
October S
From that time it has
gradually fallen to
the present quota-
tion of
If
TnE REY. MR. NEwMAN.—The above gentleman,
together with several other clergymen who have lately left
the Established Church, are making arrangements to take
up their residence at old Oscott College, which is situate
about one mile from the new establishment. The immediate
object of their removal to this residence is not stated, but it
is believed that their stay is intended to be more than tem-
porary. Mr. Newman's library at Littlemore, which it is
said consists of about 3,000 volumes of the choicest literary
and ecclesiastical works, is in progress of removal, and exten-
sive alterations are being
made at the above college for their
reception.

h. m. s.
Pas.sed Ist Mile-post at 9 6 30
2 ... ••• 9 8 30
3 ... ... 9 10 0
4 ... 9 11 13
5 ... 9 12 25
6 ... .. 9 13 30
7 ... ... 9 14 36
8 ... ... 9 15 44
9 ... ... 9 16 55
10 ... 9 18 5
n ..: 9 19 15
12 ... 9 20 28
13 ••• .•• 9 21 39
14 ... 9 22 49
15 ... ... 9 23 59
16 ... 9 25 8
17 9 26 18
18 ... 9 27 2S
19 ... 9 28 38
20 ... ... 9 29 48
21 ... 9 30 59
22 ... „.. 9 32 8
23 ... 9 33 20
24 ... ... 9 34 38
25 ... ... 9 35 48
26 „.. 9 37 0
27 ... —v 9 38 11
28 ... 9 39 25
29 ... ... 9 40 36
30 ... 9 41 48
31 . 9 42 58
32 ... 9 44 5
33 ... ... 9 45 18
34 ... 9 46 30
35 ... 9 47 43
36 ... ... 9 49 5
87 ... ... 9 50 24
38 ... ... 9 51 44
39 • 0 0 0
40 ... •.. 9 54 12
41 9 55 30
42 ... 9 56 48
43 ... 9 58 10 ... •.. 82
44 ... ... 9 59 58 ... .. 108
The time occupied in performing the distance yester,
say was 1 hour 13 minutes 53 seconds, or at the rate o.
omething less than 35 miles per hour. It will be seen
hat to-day the same distance was accomplished in
53 minutes 28 seconds, or at rather less than 48 miles
per hour, the maximum speed (between the sth and 6th
mile- posts) being nearly 55 miles per hour. The wine
of yesterday may therefore be considered to have offered
4. resistance equal to above 13 miles per hour.
The return train with the 50 tons left Darlington
,tation at 11h. 21m. Os., and passed the first mile-post
it 1 lh. 22m. 18s. the following is the working of the
engine :

Time each mile in
Seconds.

90s. to 975. 6d.

75
70
70
73

... 148

h. m. s.
Passed Ist Mile-postlit 11 22 18
2 11 24 58
3 ... 11 26 28
4 ... 11 27 53
5 11 29 29
6 11 30 42
7 ... 11 31 58
8 ... 11 33 10
9 ... 11 34 23
10 ... 11 85 42
11 11 36 55'
12 ... 11 37 12
13 ... • 11 38 29
14 ... , 0 0 0
15 ... 11 41 50
16 11 43 8
17 ... 11 44 22
18 ... 11 45 35
19 ... 11 46 42
20 ... 11 47 48
21 ... ... 11 49 0
22 ... 11 50 11
23 ... 11 51 28
24 ... 11 52 43
25 ... 11 53 56
26 11 55 8
27 ... 11 56 19
28 11 57 31
29 ... 11 58 41
30 ... 11 59 51
31 ... ... 12 1 5
32 ... ' 0 0 0
33 ... 12 3 26
34 12 4 32
35 l2 5 43
36 ... ... 12 6 59
37 ... ... 12 8 11
38 ... 12 9 23
39 ... ... 12 10 33
40 ... ... 12 11 43 ... ... 70
41 ... ... 12 12 53 ... 70
42 ... ... 12 14 2 ... 69
43 ... ... 12 15 12 ... 70
44 ... ... 12 16 24 ... ... 72
The duration of this trip was 54 minutes 6 seconds,
which shows a speed'Of upwards of 47f miles per hour.
The maximum rate (between the 18th and 19th mile-
posts) was somewhat above 54 miles per hour.
The next experimental trip was to have been with a
60 tons train ; but the-Weather was considered so favour-
able for the time of the year that Mr. Bidder proposed
to take a train of 80 tons. This was agreed to, and at a
few minutes after two o'clock several other passenger
carriages were added, and the train proceeded towards
the first mile-post. To make this interesting trial of the
new narrow-gauge engines' tractive power with a heavy
passenger train, I am about to give a table showing the
working of the broad and narrow-gauge engines with the
80-tons train, and it is therefore right should state that
the broad-gauge engine made her trip with a pretty good
head wind against her,• and that the narrow-gauge en-
gine had a light breeze with her during the whole of the
Journey. It is also Tiecessary to state that the broad-
gauge engine commenced her working from a state of
rest, and that the narrow-gauge engine passod, at the
rate of about 12 miles per hour, the first mile poet,
from which I reckon the time of her performance.
This will explain the reason of the apparent loss of time
by the broad-gauge engine for the first four miles. It
will be recollected that the distance gone over by the
broad-gauge train was 52 miles. I have taken the first
42, and then the working of the 52d mile, in order to
get performances as nearly parallel as possible.

... 160
... 90
... 85
... 96
46 83
... 76

' Narrow Broad
Guage. Guage. Narrow Gauge.
'Time Time c...----A—....1
each each Time Time
.Mile Nile lost gained
in in in ; in
Passed the Seconds. Seconds. Seconds. ;ISeconds.l
first mile- h. m. s.
post at ... 2 938
2 211 48 130 122 8 0
3 2 13 18 90 118 0 18
4 2 14 34 76 90 0 14
5 2 15 52 78 80 0 2
6 2 17 11 79 74 5 0
7 2 18 25 74 75 0 1
8 2 19 40 75 68 7 0
9 2 20 52 72 68 4 0
10 22.2 5 ' 73 74 0 1
11 2 23 18
,73 73 0 0
12 224 30 —72 70 2 0
13 2 25 48 , r7B 65 13 0
14 2 27 8 , , 80 65 15 0
15 2 28 26 78 66 12 0
16 2 29 40 74 68 6 0
17 2 30 54 74 67 7 0
18 2 32 12 78 67 11 0
19 2 33 34 82 68 14 0
20 2 35 0 86 68 18 0
21 2 36 22 82 69 13 0
22 2 37 44 82 69 13 0
23 239 0 . 76 69 7 0
24 2 40 18 78 69 8 0
25 2 41 40 82 72 10 0
26 2 43 0 80 71 9 0
27 2 44 20 , 80 71 9 0
28 245 34 ,; 74 71 3 0
;
29 2 46 50 :' 76 70 6 0
30 2 48 14 l' f 84 69 15 0
31 2 49 32 78 71 7 0
32 2 50 50' 78 74 4 0
33 2 52 8 78 73 5 0
34 2 53 25 77 71 6 0
35 254 42 77 70 7 0
36 256 0 78 70 8 0
37 257 28 88 70 18 0
38 259 0 92 71 21
19 0
39 30 30 90 71 0
40 31 55 85 70 15 0
41 33 18 83 • 70 13 0
42 3 442 , 84 72 12 0
73 11 0
;
43 3 442 ' 84
44 88 8 118 102 16 1 0

; the less, in fact,
This shows that in the 43 miles the narrow gauge lost
From this table it is seen, that with good weather to-
day, the same engine upon the same line, and going over
the same gradients (for curves there are none), took SO
3b9ei7ngseesomtidiLatneds
sg3a lne 1
seconds 2 6 s.econds only
tons 43 miles in 58 minutes 30 seconds, or in 15 minutes
23 seconds less than she took 50 tons yesterday with a
side wind against her.

The average speed upon the narrow gauge line, with
the 80 tons, will be seen to have been about 44 miles per
hour, with a maximum speed of 50 miles per hour, while
the average speed of the broad gauge was 47i- miles per
hour, with a maximum speed of 55 miles per hour.
The 80-tons train was not brought back again to York
by the same engine.
I have not heard what experiments will be tried to-
morrow.—He, aid Co? respondent.

DEATH OF SIR EDWARD DODSWORTH, BART.—We
have to notice the demise of Sir Edward Dodsworth, Bart.
We hear the respected Baronet died on Wednesday, at
Thornton Hall, his seat, near Bedale, Yorkshire. He was
born in 1768, and married in 1804 Miss Dawkins, youngest
daughter of Mr. Henry Dawkins, of Standylynch, Wilts.
On the death of his father, the first Baronet, in 1789, he suc-
ceeded to the baronetcy, and in 1821 he assumed the name
of "Dodsworth," in lieu of his patronymic, F. Smith, on in-
heriting the estates of his maternal grandfather, Mr. John
Dodsworth, of Thornton, Yorkshire. Having died without
issue the baronetcy and estates of Thornton Hall and New-
land Park devolve to his brother, Mr. Charles Dodsworth,
now Sir Charles, born in 1775, and married in 1808 to Miss
Armstrong, only daughter of Mr. John Armstrong, of Lis-
gold, and grand-daughter of the late Lord 13laynv.

THE BIRDS IN ST. JAMES'S PARR--This collec-

tion, which belongs to the Ornithological Society, at the pre-
sent time contains upwards of 300 birds, including 21
species and 51 distinct varieties. Although some of the
specimens occasionally wander to some distance, but few com-
paratively are lost, as they generally return, even after a
long absence. the secluded plantations and islands being
quite congenial to their habits.
The mortal remains of the late Col. Gurwood were
removed for interment, dom Brighton, to the Tower, where
his obsequies will take place. The appointment of Lieut.-
Governor of the Tower, which has become vacant by his
&Wee, is in the gift of •tlib Duke of Wellington.

DEATHS AMONG THE ARIS-
TOCRACY.
The number of Peers who have died in the course of
the year 1845 is larger than usual, the number having
been in 1843, 20 ; in 1844, 19 ; while this year it has
amounted to 28, viz., four Marquises—Sligo, Westmin-
ster, Downshire, and Ely ; thirteen Earls—St. Germans,
Effingham, Mornington, Romney, Egremont (extinct),
Abergarenny, Stamford and Warrington, Dunmore,
Grey, Spencer, Verulam, Belmore, and Portarlington ;
one Viscount—Canterbury ; and tan Barons—Aston
(extinct), Wynford, Carbery, Harris, Seaford (inherited
by Baron Howard de Walden), Bateman, Montagu (ex-
tinct), Hartland (extinct), Stuart de Rothesay (extinct),
and Wharncliffe.
Their resp-ctive ages were as follow :
Earl of Dunmore ...... 41 Eart of Verulam • 70
Earl of Belmore 44 Baron llartland 73
Earl of A bergavenny 55 Baron Seaford 74
Marquis of Downshire ... 56 Baron Aston
Marquis of Sligo 57 Marquis of Ely
Earl of Egremont ...... 58 Earl of Effingham .. 77
Earl Spencer
Baron Harris
Earl of Portarlington 64 Earl of St. Germans
Baron Bateman
Viscount Canterbury-- 66 rington... BO
Baron Stuart de Rothesay 67 Baron Carbery
Earl of Romney 67 Earl Grey
Baron Montagu 69 Earl ofMornington B2
Baron Wharncliffe ......... 69
Thus averaging 68 years.
The number of each rank who have died during the
last three years was :
In 1843—Dukes, 3 ; Marquis 1 ; Earls, 8 ;
Viscounts, 2 ; Barons, B—total, 20 ; of which became
extinct or merged into other peerages, 6.
In 1844—Duke, 1 ; Marquises, 2 ; Earls, 6 ;
Viscounts, 2 ; Barons, I—total, 19 ; of which became
extinct or merged into other peerages, 3.
In 1845—Marquises, 4 ; Earls, 13 ; Viscount, 1 ;
Barons, 10—total, 27 ; of which became extinct or
merged into other peerages, 6.
Totals—. Dukes, 4; Marquises, 7; Earls, 27; Viscounts,
5 ; Barons, 24—total, 66 ; of which became extinct or
merged into other peerages, 15.
The number of Baronets deceased in 1845 is twenty-
one, namely—Sirs J. Colt, C. Mackenzie, J. G. Cotterell,
T. F. Buxton, H. Oakley, J. Isham, H. J. Tichborne.
G. H. IV. Beaumont, W. S. Wiseman, A. R. Dillon, J.
E. Honywood, F. Freeling, E. Barry, J. Mordaunt,
W. IV. Pepys (inherited by Lord Cottenham), C.
Rowley, M. J. Tierney, W. Foulis, W. Reid, L. Jones,
and J. Ctietwode. In 1844 the number was 29, and in
1843, 31.

The following Members of the House of Commons
have also vacated their seats by death during the last
year—Hon. Otway Cave, county of Tipperary ; Colonel
Rushbrooke, West Suffolk ; Sir W. W. Follett, Exeter ;
Joseph Somes, Dartmouth Alexander Murray, Kirk-
cudbrightshire ; Benjamin Wood, Southwark ; Colonel
E. B. Chive, Hereford; Peter Grsenall, Wigan; Sir John
Mordaunt, South Warwickshire ; John Ramsbottom,
Windsor ; and John Irving, county of Antrim.