The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-12 00:00:00

1114111gdon-street, Westminster,
Sept. 10, 1846.

14---------IrERPOOL, MANCHESTER, and NEW-
(lgite e4.STLE-UPON-TYNE JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY,
and Li
‘'erPool Manchester, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne Junction,
4almaneashi're and North Yorkshire Railway Companies, now
TheVatnated).
listed —„eZister of Shares in this undertaking being now nearly corn-
saNiso holders of scrip who have not yet forwarded the same for re-
4, „°ll are requested to do so without delay, as the share register
;411% ".!hsolutely closed on the Ist day of OCTOBER next, after which
to the shares shares not transmitted for that purpose will be registered
It 137 rnes of the original allottees.
n,j'e,tinasted that the Scrip in the original Liverpool, Manches-
.“"°Nram- 'evscastle upon-Tyne Junction Railway Company may be
qle sin to the Secretary, at 22, Parliament-street, London, and
eottpetiP la the original Lan' cashire and North Yorkshire Railway
4:Y to the Secretary, at 31, Princess-street, Manchester, who
Th. nd an acknowlegment for the same.
em: Certificates under the common seal of the Company will be
for delivery in a short time, of which due notice will be given
e Shareholders. By order,
(Signed) THOS. ROB. WILSON FRANCE, Chairman.
W. H. INGRAM; Secretaries.
t 11, 1846. C. MOORE WILSON}

,nIR-- MINGHAM and OXFORD JUNCTION

RAILWAY.
The A. Capital, 1,000,0001., in Shares of 201. each.
ct for the incorporation of this Company having received
tae royal assent, the Holders of Scrip Certificates are requested to
4,4:ruevsiit4erddiainteg
toapplication to be registered for their respectiye
the subjoined form (printed copies of which will
vgcrip ea: "desired), and transmit the same, accompanied with the
V, 0. 449 er4fleates, either to this Office or the London Office,
ptetnber nett,
re on or before TUESDAY, the 15th day of
An otn?ial receipt wilts liven
receipt wilt afte
as little dela rwards be ezehanon the deposit of the scrip, which
ocher the sealed certificates, with
. . Y as the preparation same may require ; and due
40tIce will be...olven when the sealed certificates are read for delivery
Shares la
*- -e respect of which no application for registry
;ad on or before the above date, shall be
°riginal subscriber, after which will be registered In the
otherwise
no share can be passed
by formal transfer, under the provisions of the Act.
By order of the Board,
1111, THOS. HOLROYD, Secretary.
,'nghara and Oxford Junction Railway Offices,
Strand, London,
No. 34, Ben-
,
-A't's-hill Birmingham, and No. 449,
Pest
-•ugust 12, 1846.
FORM OF APPLICATION TO REGISTER.
Birmingham and Oxford Junction
Sharesßailway.in
the
above
v,. hereby deposit Scrip Certificates for
viz.,
----- to to
kije. claim to be registered as the Proprietor of the said Shares,_
kt et to the general rules, regulations, and conditions contained
%mile Act of Incorporation, all of which I hereby undertake to
tkocharge. I also require sealed Certificates to be prepared in
—4llYe as under.
Christian Name and Surname at full length
Designation
Address
-Usual
... Siacps to the Signature
Dated this 184

EMING T 0 N'S LONDON and MAN-
CHESTER RAILWAY.
At an Adjourned Meeting of the Committee appointed by the
Shareholders to investigate the affairs of this Company, held the 26th
day of August, 1846, -
'D. W. HARVEY, Esq., in the Chair ;
It was Resolved,—That as the number of Shares returned to the
Committee exceeds 15,000, yet as the total issue of Shares exceeds
50,000, the Committee feel, that until a far larger amount of Shares
shall be notified, no negotiation can be opened with the Directors.
Holders of Shares, therefore, who desire to bring the affairs of this
Company to a speedy and equitable adjustment at the least possible
expense, are requested to :transmit their names, and the number of
Shares they respectively hold, to the Chairman of the Committee, D.
W. Harvey, Esq., Old Jewry, London, not later than the Ist of
October, after which day no communication willreceived.
D. W. HARVEY, Chairman.

BANK OF ENGLAND, SEPT. 10, 1846.
THE COURT of DIRECTORS of the GO-
VERNOR and COMPANY of the BANK of ENGLAND give
notice, that a GENERAL COURT will be held at the Bank on
THURSDAY NEXT, the 17th instant, at Eleven o'clock in the forenoon,
to consider of a Dividend. This will also be one of the Quarterly
General Courts appointed by the Charter.
JOHN KNIGHT, Secretary.

NVENTO RS and DEPOSITORS of WORK-
ING MODELS and of other Specimens of the Useflil Arts (as
well as the 'Visitors ofthe ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION)
are respectftilly informed that the Directors have given their anxious
consideration to the new appointment of DEMONSTRATOR in
MECHANICS, whose duty will be to, explain to the Visitors the
Principles and Uses of the above Specimens with clearness and
simplicity. The Lectures now comprise the ELECTRIC TELE-
GRAPH, as well as other objects of present interest. The beautiftil
Optical Exhibitions, &c. &c.
Admission, Is.; schools, Half-price.
•

'UR. BEARD'S PHOTOGRAPHIC POR-
-IV--
TRAIT ESTABLISHMENTS are at 85, King William-
street, City, 34, Parliament-street, Westminster; and the Royal
Polytechnic Institution, where specimens of the recent improvements
in colouring, introduced by Mr. Beard, the sole patentee of the
Daguerreotype, and which have been honoured by the eulogiums of
all the leading journals, may be seen. Application for licenses to be
ma !e at King Willlam-street.

REMOVAL.
R. CULVERWELL has REMOVED to No.
10, ARGYLL-PLACE. C. EGENT-STREET, (leading to
Great Marlborough-street,) where ho may be consulted, as usual,
Daily till Three, and in the Evening from Seven till Nine ; and
where alas his several publications, of which entirely new and en-
larged editions have recently been published, may be obtained.

HOT WE ATHER.- TR AVELLING.-SE A-
SIDE.—The REGISTERD PALETOT in London, only at
22, Cornhill, opposite the Royal Exchange ; and the chief Llama
Cloth Warehouse, 114, Regent-street. Do not be deceived by a
similarity of name, placed in the windows of a few petty shops in the
neighbourhood of the Patentees. Each Paletot is stamped " IL J. and
D. NICOLL, 114, Regent-street."

GOLDEN LION HOTEL, NORTHAL-
LERTON.
JOHN CLAY (late of the Royal Horse Guards) begs to inform the
inhabitants of Northallerton and the neighbourhood, and also the
Commercial and other Gentlemen visiting Northallerton, that he has
taken the above-named Inn and premises, which have recently un-
dergone a thorough repair.
J. C. takes this opportunity of assuring those persons who may
kindly honour him with their patronage, that nothing shall be want-
ing on his part to promote their comfort ; and in order to carry this
determination into effect, he has laid in a large stock of wine and
spirits of the very best quality, which, along with the viands con-
sumed in the house, will be furnished to his customers on the most
liberal terms.
Good Stabling and lock-up Coach-houses, superior Post Horses,
Gigs, Omnibus, Cabs, &c., ready at a moment's notice.
An Omnibus to each Train on the Great North of England Railway.

PERFECTION in LAMP OIL.—A PATENT.
CLARK'S PATENT SPERM OIL, only ss. per imperial
gallon, is bright as crystal in the coldest weather, and lasts longer
than real Sperm. It burns in all descriptions of Argand Lamps. The
great expense of Sperm Oil, and the trouble of common oils, can now
be dispensed with at pleasure. It is admirably suited for Solar
Lamps, as they will, not want cleaning for years, and being so pure,
four gallons go as 'far as five gallons of any common oils ; so, in
reality, Clark's Patent Sperm Oil is cheapest. Families laying in
their stock of Srfermaceti or Wax Candles, Soaps, &c. &c., will
positively save 30 per cent. in their outlay. This is no fiction, and
this system of equitable charges the public will support.
Samples sent in London, and list of prices, with description of the
patent article, sent on application to all parts of the world.
Clark and Company, the immense Lamp, Oil, and Candle Depot,
447, West Strand, ten doors from Lowther Arcade.

- -
NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
CORNHILL LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured
has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for-
feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ;
also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in-
terests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible
rates.

to the SIIAREHOLDERS of the WATERFORD, WEXFORD,
WICKLOW, and DUBLIN RAILWAY COMPANY.
tti.Nl'lAnEtt,
' AVOIDABLE business obliged me to be in
le Loud°
ertta,„._ on the day appointed for your meeting at the
efepoZwerland Coffee-house, Dublin, to consider the propriety of
hju'g to lease our railway to the Great Western Company.
lelts Peeedings of that meeting, together with the immediate re-
!fie th it, cannot fall of having attracted your notice, as it has mine ;
;11eiti :eellous injury that in nay judgment might result from passing
In silence imposes on me, as Chairman of the Board of Di-
ance'"ue necessity of thus addressing you, especially as circum-
the PrB render it impracticable to assemble the Board of Directors at
,rouesent moment.
the 26tirlaaY have learned from the public papers that the meeting of
begat.,o,,°f August terminated without having either affirmed or
Zelft tc7, the only matter for which it had been convened. Subse-
te 1„ ',bat meeting, a portion of the scripholders in the Company
dl --vitod the co-operation of others interested in an attempt to
Ive the Company, under, as stated, the provisions of Lord Dal-
-1)IY t 8 Act. As this statute neither does, nor was intended to ap-
leeorpo eer°Panies which have since its passing, obtained their Acts of
eftecterati",
it will be obvious that no such dissolution can now be
tehen,i,... I am, nevertheless, sincerely anxious to remove all misap-
• refo or uneasiness in the minds of the proprietary, and I
hatch re deem it my duty to notice briefly the ostensible causes
,tissel„,'7flere propounded at the meeting, as justifying the propriety of
'hese ug the Company, had such a course been found practicable.
1. Were,_
for the
statement of the accounts of the Company was laid be-
2. .1,2 Meeting
ec,,,.aat no treaty had been made or proposed to the Great Western
A.TY, as to the leasing cf our line.
ra-Z..1 gulls the first of these objections, I think you will agree with
tq eaYing that a mere verbal statement of accounts of such magni-
lial„Would have been very unwise, and extremely unlike men of
fih„,'ess to have given. A detailed financial statement, which could
a•Tellifave been valuable, had.not been prepared, as its production,
e necessary consideration of it, which, it must be assumed,
ti.nt have folloWed, would have been inconsistent,,with the 69th
• _ Ant the Meeting was convened, and which declares " That no extra-
me-.arY meeting shall enter upon any business not set forth in
• notices upon which it shall have been convened ;" besides which
-g
„,e product'. of such accounts is strictly er joined to be made at the
tllnary half-yearly meeting of the proprietary,
L' which must be held
'Tfthin six months of the passing of the Act, who are thereby afforded
the fullest opportunity of ascertaining the exact state of their affairs.
the regards the making or offering any treaty of leasing the line to
Great Western Company, I feel equally confident of your agreeing
With me, that until the Directors were in a position to offer the line
ti,gelally to the Great Western Company, no step could properly be
C.,en In t previous A promise was given to a number of scripholders
Zl-itain to the passing of the Bill, that our shareholders
wnnhl have an opportunity afforded them of considering how far it
Weald be advisable to make such a proposal. In fulfilment of that
—etas
hto the meeting of the 26th of August was convened, and it
c'e eP without taking any step whatever in that direction.
pnsidering that this explanation was due to you, I cannot con-
4114due without expressing my firm and confident hope that this great
he !rtaking will go on and prosper. Every circumstance, except
stieLemperary punk, in the railway market, is much more favour-
th, to the project than when it was first adopted. Its progress
ctnrigh Parliament was most triumphant, and clauses have been
thZ3elled not only in the Act for incorporating our Company, but in
tviZe of each of the Companies which were originally in competition
1144, by which all conflicting interests have been most effectually
theZehlsed, a considerable outlay of capital has been saved, and
„,__`'east ample arrangements have been secured for bringing a most
~;41.1,1fie and highly remunerating portion of the line into very early
oPeration.
geProgress of auxiliary lines IS equally favourable to the
entsi of our project. The South Wales line is in course of rapid
Air -Luetion, and the communication with the entire south of Ireland
sel,„-‘*'-'8 to be materially advanced by the sanction Parliament has
tl—ennerttly given to continuing coast communication by passing
11?erk and Waterford Company's Bill,
da e peculiar position of Ireland at this moment cannot but be
(413? biteresting to all who have her welfare at heart; and when
ernMent and individuals are alike merging all political differences
tic: ,eonamon effort to provide enployment for her working popula-
re. In this their hour of need, I shall, I trust, be excused for ex-
Wogleg my confident hope that the steady progress of our great
AllMaY not be impeded, and that it may prove the means. of
d,..:Ylating lunch of the impending distress throughout the extensive
rget which it traverses. Our surveyors are already at work, and
1fr0,,.Y expect that by the time of our ordinary meeting considerable
art,,„,-"eas will have been made in the works for extending the com-
-11,71,,,..eati0n between the metropolis and Wicklow. —I have the
`"'Or to be, your obedient servant,
COITRTOWN, Chairman.
Sept. 10, 1846.

PUBLICATIONS.

This day, in post Bvo., price 7s. 6d. cloth,
NOTES ON THE EPIDEMIC CHOLERA
By R. HARTLEY KENNEDY, M.D.
Late Physician General and President of the Medical Board,

Bombay.
London i Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornbill

TIIE OXFORD GRADUATE ON PAINTING.

3IIDDLESEX COUNTY PAUPER,
LUNATIC ASYLUM.
Persons desirous of TENDERING for the SUPPLY of MEAT,
flour, malt, hops, hay and straw, oatmeal, barley meal, and peas,
for six calendar months, from the Ist day of October next; and for
the following articles, for twelve calendar months from that day,
viz. :—Coals, cheese, butter, bacon, pickled pork, groceries, &c. ;
wine and brandy for the sick, soda, , starch, oil and oil colours,
brooms, brushes, window glass, haberdashery, hosiery, linen and
woollen drapery, blankets, rugs, straw hats and bonnets, tobacco,
snuff, leather, _ men's and women's cloth and leather boots and shoes,
lead and lead piping for the above institution, containing 1,100 per-
sons, are requested to deliver their Tenders to me by Ten o'clock,
on THURSDAY, the 17th instant, sealed and addressed to the Visitors
of the Middlesex Lunatic Asylum, and to attend here on that day at
Eleven o clock.
Blank forms in which the Tender must be made, may be obtained
upon application either at Hanwell or at this place, and patterns and
samples to which the contractor will be required strictly to conform,
may be seen at the Asylum at :Hanwell. The Committee do not
bind themselves. to accept the lowest Tender.
Dated the 10th of September, 1846.
CHARLES WRIGHT, Clerk to the Visitors.

Just publishJl,Tn Imperial Svo., price 18s. cloth,
THE FIRST VOLUME OF MODERN
PAINTERS.

By a GRADUATE OF OXFORD,

A New Edition, revised by the Author, and printed uniformly with
'Volume 11.

Also, lately Published, in Imperial ave., price 10s. Gd. cloth,
THE SEcONE VOLUME OF MODERN PAINTERS.
Treating of the Imaginative and Theoretic Faculties.
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

CONSULS HAND-BOOK.
Will be published in a few days,
BRITISH CONSULS ABROAD ; their
Origin, Rank and Privileges, Duties, Jurisdiction and Ems.
laments ; including the Laws, Orders in Council, and Instructions by
which they are governed; as well as those relating to Shipowners
and Merchants in their connexion with Consuls. By ROBERT
FYNN, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.
London : Effingham Wilson, 11, Royal Exchange.

THE UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER.
30 to 50 per Cent. Saved !
To be had at the Patentees, 60, St. Martin's-lane, Charing-cross.
The Patentees beg to call public attention to the following facts,
The advantages resulting from the invention are various and
striking. Independently of a saving of 30 to 50 per cent„ the com-
bustion is perfect, and the brilliancy produced superior to any light
hitherto discovered. It emits neither smell nor smoke, and burns
steadily for any period ; and such is its purity, that It neither affects
or soils the most delicate colour or the finest fabric. Objections have
made to the Introduction of gas in dwelling-houses, to the expense of
fittings, to its destruction of furniture, draperies, gold moulding, &c. ;
these are entirely obviated by the "PATENT UNIVERSAL GAS
BERNER." As the cost of laying on gas is muck lower than is com-
monly supposed, it is adapted for private dwellings, as well as for
club-houses, hotels, manufactories, and public buildings. One of the
small burners is amply sufficient to light a good-sized room, at a sum
immeasurably lower than spirit, oil, or canine, with the avoidance of
waste or trouble.
The merits of the " Burner," its brilliancy and economy surpassing
every other known light, are shown by the annexed authentic
opinions of the qualities of the UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
Tuesday, 26th May, 1846, Sir JouN RENNiz, President, in the Chair.
" A. gas burner of a novel and ingenious construction was exhibited.
The principal novelty was the introduction of a stream of air to the
centre of the flame by a hollow button in the middle of the burner.
The air passing up through the hollow stem of the button, was
heated, and passed out by two series of fire-holes around the periphery,
and impinging with force on the flame of the gas curved it outwards
in the shape of a tulip, while the oxygen of the air, mingling with
the carburetted hydrogen gas, produced a very perfect combustion,
The flame was quite white down the top of the burner, was very steady,
as was amply demonstrated by the excellent light of the Institution,
where these burners have been used. In comparing the consumption
of these burners with that of the concentric ring burners, and trying
the power of the two lights by the photometer, the new burner gave a
better light, with a saving of rather more than one-third."

LADIES TRAVELLING,
~siting the Sea Coast, or otherwise exposed to the scorching rays of
the Sun, will find
I[I,COWL AND' S KALYDOR a most refreshing
for Preparation for the Complexion, dispelling the cloud of lan-
.4_,r and relaxat'on, allaying all heat and irritability. and immedi-
iZY affording the pleasing sensation attending restored elasticity of
bn Skin. The numerous varieties of Cutaneous Eruptions, Sun-
,ritl, Freckles, Tan, and Discolourations, are pleasingly eradicated
Ralydor, and thPurie skin rendered delicately seft and clear. Its
tio,`Zing and refreshing properties have obtained its exclusive selec-,
Of the the Court and the Royal Family of Great Britain, and those
e Continent of Europe, together with the "elite" of the Aris-
bi.-racY and " Haute Voles," from the sultry climes of India, and the
z...aWing-rooms of Calcutta and Madras, to the frozen realms of th
r and the Salons of St. Petersburgh and Moscow.—Price 4s. 6d.
411.1
82.6 d. per bottle.
te ", Beware of spurious "Kalydors " containing mineral astrin-
tcs utterly ruinous to the complexion, and which, by their repel-
actlOn, endanger health. The only genuine has the words
4114:10WLAIKD'S KALYDOR" on the wrapper, and A. ROWLAND
130 N. 20, Hatton-garden, is also engraved (by desire of the
bocTe CommissionerL9 on the Gevernment Stamp affixed on each
U,
tint Irds.by the Proprietors, and by respectable Chemists and Per-
"ll6l' Xakydoca" are fraudulent conterhits.

- _
CERTIFICATE.
POISTECUNIC CIEEMICAL ScHoOL.—" In testing Clark, McNiell,
and Co,'s Universal Gas Burner with one of the best slaawdowless
turners, it gave a more pure and brilliant light, with a saving of 20
to 25 per cent." GEORGE CRISP, Engineer,
ROUT. LONGBOTTOM, Secretary,
CERTIFICATE.
" In a series of experiments made upon Clark, Mc Niell, and Co.'s
Patent Universal Gas Burner, its superiority was satisfactorily esta-
blished in economy and the quality a the light. Tested against
argand burners, Nos. 4 (12 holes), and 6 (15 holes), it afforded a
saving of at least 25 per cent., and against three fish-tail burners,
No. 4, 40 per cent. The colour and brilliancy of the flame is supe-
rior to any other burner."
T. W. KEATES, Consulting Chemist,
J. D. PALMER, Mechanical Inspector.
The UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER is used nightly at the Poly-
technic Institution, and may be had and seen from 11 till 4, at the
Mows, 60, Bt. Martin's-lane, Clearing-crom ; and of all Gas littera.

. _

BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR TIRE
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.
SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY:The first general meeting
of the asscciation was held last night, and the expecta-
tion of Prince Albert's presence collected a very full
audience in the Victoria Rooms. The room selected for
the meeting will hold 600 or 700 persons, and was
crowded to excess; a number of ladies formed part of
the company. The apartment is a handsome one, and
the reason of its being below stairs is, that the house is
built upon the side of a hill; if there were an approach
at the back from the lower ground, the peculiarity would
disappear; but, as it is, it is a house with the door at
the top. Through the courtesy of Mr. Klitz, the pro-
prietor, and master of the ceremonies for this occasion,
ample accommodation was provided for the representa-
tives of the press. At half-past eight o'clock his Royal
Highness arrived; he looked extremely well; he was in
plain evening dress, wearing a black coat and trousers,
and white waistcoot and neckerchief. He took his seat
on the platform on the right of the chair. Next to the
Prince were Lieutenant-Colonel Sabine (the General
Secretary); Viscount Palmerston, M.P.; the, Marquis of
Northampton, the Bishop of Norwich, the Speaker of
the House of Commons, and the Mayor of Southampton.
It was said that the Bishop of Oxford was too unwell to
attend. The Marquis of Winchester, the Dean of West-
minster, Mr. Tite, and a whole host of scientific persons
were present.
The company rose to receive the Prince. His Royal
Highness having taken his seat, they sat down ; and
the chair was taken by
Sir J. F. W. HERSCHEL, Bart., the retiring President,
who congratulated the meeting on a presence which
gave a dignity and sanction to its proceedings such as
on no former occasion the society had received.—
(Cheers.) For the honour thus conferred they felt the
warmest emotions of grateful "respect • it was a recogni
Lion of the glorious wise in which they were embarked
—a cause in which were involved the glory of England,
and the prosperity of every inhabitant of this country,
from the Queen upon her throne, God bless her—
(Cheers)—down to the lowest inhabitant of a cottage.
For himself, in returning on this occasion to a town as-
sociated with the reminiscences of his younger days, he
could not but see, as in every town in England, a great
change, a start forward into civic and commercial ac-
tivity, which would make it, as of old, a link of commu-
nication between England and her distant colonies—one
of the poles of that electric circuit with which Great
Britain must animate and might convulse the world.
The itinerant character of the association brought it the
more in contact with that great phenomenon—the im-
mensity of our national progress, the intense activity
pervading everything in England at this moment, with
the fact that it was every year more and more placed
under the guidance of that science which it was the
society's office to promote and to diffuse. Believing
firmly 'that the resources of science were inexhaust-
ible, and that its scope extended to ameliora-
tions of every description, he could look forward to
the future, not only without gloom and foreboding, but
with the temperate exultation which Providence per-
mitted to such as desired no aggrandisement but that
which was in unison with its own grand and beneficent
designs. With regard to his own year of presidency, he
would just remind the audience that that year had given
them the discovery of a new -planet, and the prospect of
another; they saw it as Columbus saw America, from
the shores of Spain. In the subdivision of a member of
our system, we had also beheld one 6f the recognised
ingredients of that system separated into two, each pur
suing an independent orbit round the sun. After passing
a high eulogium upon the new President, Sir John then
resigned the chair to
Sir R. J. MURCHISON, who immediately afterwards
rose and said,—Gentlemen of the British Association,
deeply conscious as I am of my inferiority to my emi
nent predecessor in the chair of the British Association
in all that respects the higher branches of physical
science, I still hope that my ardent devotion to your
cause from your very cradle, from your very institution,
may plead in my favour, and may be held by you as
some guarantee for the zealous execution of my office.
Give me leave to assure you that I consider being
placed in this position as a mark of approbation on your
part, which is to me the highest honour that could have
been confered upon me through life,—an honour the
more cherished because it has been confered upon me
in a county with which I have long been connected by
family ties, and in which I made my first essay as a geo-
logist. —(Cheers.) Those feelings are strongly enhanced
when I look around, and see that this association has
for the first time been honoured with the presence of
royalty.—(Loud cheers.) You cannot coiceive the gra-
tification it gives me, when I know that his Royal High-
ness, the consort of our beloved Sovereign—(Cheers)—
comes fresh from the mines of Cornwall, and has been
making himself so good a geologist,, that,_ in addition
to all those other numerous branches of science with
which his Royal Highness is already acquainted, we
shalt see him here attending our sections in a few days •,
for we know him to be—what I now inform his Royal
Highness of—the one and only honorary member of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science.-
-(Loud cheers, during which his Royal Highness
bowed his acknowledgments to the President.) But,
when gentlemen trust to memory they are very discur•
sive, and on these occasions it is necessary to keep pre-
cisely to the point, and therefore I must now trouble
you with my sermon—(A laugh)--I must put on my
spectacles—(Laughter)—and read to you a discourse,
which I have prepared with as much care as is in my
power.
The PRESIDENT then proceeded to read his inaugural
address. After observing that the origin, progress, and
many of the objects of this their " Parliament of
Science" bad been sufficiently explained on former
occasions, he proceeded to dwell on the recent progress
and present state of various branches of science. The
discourse was of great length, and will hardly admit of
abridgment; one or two of the most interesting portions
of it will convey an idea of its nature. Sir Roderick
said, " A request from the association to Professor
Bunsen, of Marburg, and our countryman, Dr. Lyon
Playfair, coupled with a contribution of small amount
towards the expenses involved in the undertaking, has
produced:a report on the conditions and products of iron
furnaces, which is of the greatest value in a commercial
view to one of the most important of our manufactures,
and possesses, at the same time, a very high interest to
chymical science in some of the views which it developes.
On the one hand, it exhibits an entirely new theory of
the reduction, by cyanogen gas as the chief agent, of
iron from the ore; en the other, it shows that, in ad
dition to a vast saving of fuel, about 2cwt. of sal am-
moniac may daily be collected at the single establish-
ment of Alfreton, where the experiments were made;
thus leading us to infer that in the iron furnaces
of Britain there may be obtained from vapour
which now passes away an enormous quantity
of thie valuable substance, which would materially
lessen the dependence of our agriculturists on foreign
guano. It is, indeed, most gratifying to observe,
that in pursuing this inquiry into the gaseous contents
of a biasing furnace of great height, our associates
traced out, foot by foot, the most recondite chymical
processes, and described the fiery products with the
same accuracy as if their researches had been made on
the table of a laboratory." *
" When our associate Cony beare reported to us, at our
second meeting, on the actual state and ulterior prospects
of what he well termed the archaeology of the globe,'
he dwelt with justice on the numerous researches in
different countries which had clearly established the his-
tory of a descent, as it were, into the bowels of the earth
—which led us, in a word, downwards through those
newer deposits that connect high antiquity with our
own period, into those strata which support our great
British coal-field. Beyond this, however, the perspec-
tive was dark and doubtful.
Res alts terra et caligine mersas.'
Now, however, we have dispersed this gloom, and by
researches first carried out to a distinct classification in
the British Isles, and thence extended to Russia and
America, geologists have shown that the records of suc-
cession, as indicated by the entombment of fossil ani
mals, are as well developed in these very ancient or
palreozoic strata as in any of the overlying or more
recently formed deposits. After toiling many years
in this department of the science, in ,conjunction
with Sedgwick, Lonsdale, De Verneuil, Keyserling,
and others of my fellow-labourers, I have arrived
at the conclusion that we have reached the very
genesis of, animal life upon the globe, and
that no further vestigia retrorsum' will be found
beneath that protozoic or lower Silurian group
in the great inferior mass of which no vertebrated ani-
mal has yet been detected amid the countless profusion
of the lower order of marine animals entombed in it.
But, however this may be,-it is certain that, in the last
ourtbe kinsmentae
xAocuemlrleecnrioteuanmitearypsmimwaphnliychthe grouping together of
few years all Central and Eastern Europe, and even
Lyell,ofh a
s the
informed
f Farorm e West
eus
us
parts of Siberia, have been brought into accordance with
structure of their respective
accompanies his work
bßritish sa tbrlayt ad,
e vwhilst
d
data prepared by native state geologists, which he has
e
N
paralleled with our well-known British types. If, then,
thatsatpaat s thetohr at
bet
the astronomer has, to a vast extent, expounded the me-
chanism of the heavens; if lately, through. the great
telescope of our associate the Earl of Rogge, he has as-
signed a fixity and order to bodies which were previously
viewed as mere nebulae floating in space, and has also
inferred that the surface cavities in our nearest neigh-
bour of the planetary system are analogous to the vol-
canic apertures and depressions of the earth; the geolo-
gist, contributing data of another order to the great
storehouse of natural knowledge, has determined by ab-
solute and tangible proofs, the precise manner in which
our planet has been successively enveloped in divers
cerements, each teeming with peculiar forms of distinct
life, and has marked the revolutions which have inter-
fered with these successive creations, from the earliest
dawn of living things to the limit of the historic era.
In short, the fundamental steps gained in geology
since the early days of the British Association are so re-
markable and so numerous that the time has now come
for a second report upon the progress of this science, ,
which may, I trust, be prepared for an approaching, if
not for the next meeting.' * * **
" When M. Quetelet remarks, that the phases of the
smallest insect are bound up with the phases of the plant
that nourishes it ; that plant itself being in its gradual
development the product, in some sort, of all anterior
modifications of the soil and atmosphere,' he compels
the admission that the study which should embrace all

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No. 1,843 14
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periodical phenomena, both diurnal and annual, would of
itself form a science as extended as instructive. Re-
ferring you to M. Quetelet's report for an explanation
of the dependence of the vegetable and animal kingdom
on the meteorology and physics of the globe, and hoping
that the simultaneous observations he inculcates will be
followed up in Britain, I am glad to be able to announce
that the outline of a memoir on physical geography was
some months ago put into my hands by Mr. Cooley,
which, in a great degree coinciding with the system of
M. Quetelet, has ultimately a very different object. M.
Quetelet chiefly aims at investigating the dependence
of organized bodies on inorganized matter, by observing
the periodical phenomena of the former. Mr. Cooley
seeks to obtain an acquaintance with the same pheno-
mena for the sake of learning and registering compara-
tive climate as an element of scientific agriculture.
Speaking to you in a county which is so mainly depen-
dent on the produce of the soil, I cannot have a more
favourable opportunity for inculCating the value of the
suggestions of this British geographer. The complete
establishment of all the data of physical geography
throughout the British Islands ; i.e. the registration of
the mean and extremes of the temperature of the air and
of the earth ; the amount of conduction, radiation, mois •
ture, and magnetism ; the succession of various phases
of vegetation, &c. (with their several local corrections
for elevation and aspect), must certainly prove conducive
to the interests of science, and are likely to promote
some material interests of our country."
The oration concluded with a complimentary welcome
of the foreign visitors, and Sir Roderick sat down amidst
great ipplause.
Lord PALMERSTON then rose, and said—Although,
gentlemen, upon the present occasion, there are assem-
bled in this room a great number of persons eminent for
their attainments in science, yet there are also many
who, like myself, are only humble admirers of the at-
tainments of others, professing to possess no knowledge
themselves of the matters in which those distinguished
individuals have attained their eminence. I trust it will
not be deemed presumption on my part, if, being one of this,
perhaps the most numerous part of those here assembled, I
venture to propose to you that we return our thanks to
our distinguished President of this day, for the admir-
able discourse with which he has explained to us the
objects of the meeting.—(Cheers.) It would be pre-
sumption indeed in me, gentlemen, if I were to endea-
vour to point out particularly to your attention the
many claims which our worthy President has established
to the gratitude and to the admiration of his fellows
countrymen. It would be impossible for anybody more
adequately to point out to you those claims than he
has himself just done, by a discourse which shows that,
however eminent he is in that particular department
of knowledge to which he has more particularly
directed his attention, he is equally versed in all
those departments of intellect and science in
which mankind have excelled ; that he has directed
his attention to the progress which other scientific
men have made, and that he is as capable of ex-
plaining to you the results of the researches of others, as
of himself contributing a valuable nddition to the stock
of human knowledge.—(Hear, hear.) It must be gra-
tifying indeed *to us that the present meeting of this as-
sociation should be presided over by so competent a
(thief ; and, however important may be the many other
ranges of science over which he has cast his rapid, glance
yet there surely can be none more interesting than that
particular department in which he has so successfully
laboured—that department by which he and others have
been enabled to interrogate our mother earth, to extort
from her the knowledge of what had passed in ages long
gone by, and to read in the traces which still remain of
former periods the history of antecedent hundreds and
thousands of years.—(Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, it is im-
possible to estimate too highly the importance of those
pursuits in honour of which, and in the prosecution of
which, this meeting is here assembled ; and it is diffi-
cult to estimate their value, so also it is almost impos-
sible for us to fix a limit to the progress which the
human mind may be destined to make. Each successive
step which mankind has made in the departments of
science has rendered simple that which was wonderful
before ; has added to our stock of knowledge facts
which, they were ascertained, would have ap-
peared to be impossible, but which, when ascertained,
have not only contributed greatly to the con-
venience, advantage, and interests of the exist-
ing generation, but have laid the foundation for
future progress in similar investigations and discoveries.
Why, gentlemen, if any man in the earlier ages of
the world had told those timid mariners who went creep-
ing about from cape to cape, and from bay to bay, halt-
ing at night, and never losing sight of the land, that an
invention would be made by which, in the dead and
darkness of the night, men might traverse the trackless
ocean, directing their unerring course to the distant
regions to which they were bound, would lie not have
been treated as a man indulging in the most chimerical
imaginations ? And yet that great invention is now so
Identified with the practice and the memory of man, that
if you were to ask many of those who are in the daily
habit of using it they would hardly believe there was a
period when the knowledge and practice of it had not
been enjoyed by men of their profession.—(Hear, bear.)
If, in the earlier periods of war, men had been told that
a time would come when the lightning and the thunder-
bolt of heaven would be placed in the hands of armies
for the purposes for which they were assembled, they
would have thought that the people who told them so
were trifling with their credulity. And what would
have been said in the earlier ages of Europe, if they had
been told that means would be discovered by which the
results of the learning and the thoughts of man would
be recorded with a precision Sand a rapidity which, to
them, would have seemed impossible; and that even the
discussions of such a meeting as this would, before the
dawn of the next morning, be travelling upon the
wings of the wind to every portion and every corner
of ,an extended empire ?—(Cheers.) Why, gentle-
men, we ourselves can remember the time when the
greater part of mankind would have scouted the notion
that you could infuse into a vessel an impelling force
which would defy the baffling of adverse winds and the
contending influence of adverse currents, and would
enable the mariner to reach the most distant portions of
the globe in defiance of the winds and the waves ; and
yet this great discovery has in our days been applied
extensively to the use of mankind, not only upon the
ocean, but even upon the land, and is now become a fa•
miliar instrument to the minds of the most unlearned.
But, gentlemen, what would Warren Hastings, and
what would the great Clive have said, if, when they
were founding in the East that vast and magnificent
empire which now owns its connexion and subjection to
English rule, they had been told that, in a few passing
years after they had established that great dominion, an
invention would be made which should render it
physically possible, if it were politically arranged, that
a Minister in.the House of Commons, interrogated upon
a question connected with India, might say to his inter-
rogating opponent, " Have the goodness, sir, to repeat
your question at the end of half-an-hour, and in the in-
terval. I will obtain an answer from the Governor-
General at Calcutta ?"—(Laughter and cheers.) Yet
that, I apprehend, is physically possible, by the late
discoveries of some of the distinguished men of science
of our day.—(Cheers.) What would have been said
by those men who first began with rude instruments
to examine the resplendent heavens, if they had been
told that a time would come when a great astro-
nomical instrument would be constructed by which
mankind should obtain a knowledge of the existence of
celestial bodies, whose light, it has been calculated by
astronomers, could not reach the small speck of earth
which we inhabit, in which the investigator dwells, in a
shorter period than 30,000,000 of years ? Why, Gen-
tlemen, these contemplations almost overwhelm the
powers of human imagination to conceive ; and yet
these are the results of human science—results which
we may hope to consider as only the first step of that
progress which mankind is hereafter destined to make,
and in which, no doubt, the world will be greatly bene-
fited and assisted by the labours of such institutions as
that of which my Hon. Friend is so worthy and distin-
guished a president. Gentlemen, these contemplations,
and these results of science, are not only useful as con-
ducing to the enjoyments and the prosperity of mankind,
but they must have a considerable and salutary effect
upon the minds of mankind. Is it possible that they
who are in the enjoyment of great and overweening
prosperity must not be brought to feel a more proper
sense of their position, when they see the utter insigni-
ficance of this globe as compared with the mighty uni-
verse which the telescope of Lord Rosse unfolds to the
eye ?—(Hear, hear.) Is it possible that they who, on
the other hand, are broken by misfortunes, or bowed
down by afflictikm, should not find sources of resignation
and of patience in that sense, of which they are more
specially reminded by the great duration of time which
these astronomical phenomena occupy—a sense that the
small period of time during which they are destined to
suffer in this world is as insignificant, compared to that
eternity to which they belong, as is the grain of sand
which they tread upon that sea-shore, compared with
the earth which we inhabit, or the earth itself compared
with the mighty universe of which it forms so small and
insignificant a portion ?—(Hear.) Gentlemen, these
scientific investigations also tend to unite nations together.
—(Cheers.) They bring together men of different coun-
tries, embarked in similar pursuits, engaged in a rivalry
the most honourable in which mankind can embark ;
and I trust that the more science is pursued, the nearer
we shall arrive at that period when mankind will
think the greatest glory consists in the advancement of
knowledge, and that the most honourable conquests
which nations can make are the conquests over the
secrets of nature.--(Hear, hear.) It is indeed, gratify-
ing to us to find, upon this occasion, gathered in this
our town that brilliant assemblage of distinguished fo-
reigners, whose names and whose titles of honour my
Hon. Friend has detailed iri his address.—(Hear, hear.)
I trust that those illustrious foreigners will go back with
minds still more disposed, than even, as I am sure, at
the present moment they are, to feelings of friendship
and regard for the British nation.---(Cheers.) I trust
that as men who have sailed in the same vessel or have
fought in the same ranks are attached to each other for
the rest of their lives, so those distinguished foreigners
who find themselves here among their fellow-comrades
in that honourable pursuit to which they devote their
faculties and their time, will have consolidated and in-
creased in their minds those friendly feelings towards
us, which we entertain so strongly towards them.—
(Cheers.) It is also most gratifying, I am sure, to you
all to see that this love of science is confined to no par-
ticular ranks; that from the lowest to the highest it en-

PRICE SD.

gages the attention and excites the energies of all classes
in this country; and that while in every part of the
land we have institutions established, at which the lowest
mechanics devote their hours of leisure to the study of
these interesting topics, here, on the other hand, we
have the highest persons of the realm, the Consort of
the Queen—(Loud cheers)—honouring this meeting
with his presence, testifying by that presence the in-
terest which he takes in these important pursuits, and
giving to the development of the national mind, and
to the encouragement of these national pursuits,
that support which cannot fail to be afforded by
his presence upon an occasion like this.—(Cheers.)
His presence, too, gentlemen, is an earnest that
he is not an indifferent spectator of the progress
of science in this country, but that devoting his own
energetic mind also to these pursuits—not indeed as the
business of a life, because that life is occupied by mat-
ters of a more active description—but making that the
enjoyment and amusement of his leisure, which in other
men, perhaps, is the object of laborious study, he ren-
ders that development of science, which is the object
and end of our institution, the ornament as well as the
amusement of his life.—(Much cheering.) Gentlemen,
I trust that you will receive with that satisfaction which

I am sure the speech and address of my Hon. Friend,
the president, must have afforded you, the proposal
which I make, that you should vote him your thanks
for the gratifying manner in which he has explained to
you, not only the objects of our meeting, but the gene-
ral progress which has been made in the different
branches of science.—(Cheers.)
The Marquis of NORTHAMPTON briefly seconded the
motion, and congratulated the society on its possession
of a president who had attracted, as a star, the Consort
of our Queen.

The CHAIRMAN, in returning thanks, informed the
association that Prince Albert had announced his inten-
tion of actively participating in their pursuits by attend-
ing the " sections."—(Cheers.)
The meeting then, shortly before eleven o'clock, ter-
minated. Prince Albert remained for some minutes on
the platform, conversing with Professor Oersted and
other distinguished scientific men ; some of the new
gun-cotton was exhibited to his Royal Highness. He
then proceeded to the Fairy, and crossed the water for
Osborne House immediately. The utmost attention and
respect were paid to him by the Mayor and authorities
of the town.

The sections were very much better attended this
morning. What was done will be seen from the sub-
joined list :

SECTION A.—MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
Challis, Professor—Provisional report on the present
state of astronomy.
Stokes, Mr. G. G.—Report on recent researches in
hydrodynamics.

BreWster, Sir D.—On a new property of light as ex-
hibited in the action of chrysamonate of potash on com-
mon and polarized light.
Powell, Professor—On elliptic polarization.
Dale, Mr.—On elliptic polarization.
Ditto—On the duration of vibrations.

Brown, J. Allen—On magnetic observations made at
Sir T. M. Brisbane's Observatory, Makerstoun.
Hopkins, Mr.—On the relations of the semidiurnal
movements of the barometer to daily sea and land
breezes.

SECTION 8.-CHYMICAL SCIENCE, INCLUDING ITS AP-

PLICATION TO AGRICULTURE AND THE ARTS.
Grove, Mr. W. R., F.R.S.— On the decomposition of
water into its constituent gases by heat.
Daubeny, Dr.—On the rationale of certain practices
employed in agriculture.
Way, Professor—On the cause of fairy rings.
Joule, J. P.—Playfair, Dr. Lyon—On the expansion
of salts.

Reade, Dr. J.—Notices of experiments in thermo-
electricity.

'Knowles, E. R. J.—On a singular appearance in the
flame of a candle.

Dr. Daubeny's paper detailed the principles on which
dressing land with quick lime differed from chalking, by
disengaging the alkalies from the materials of the primi-
tive rock, including also the volcanic, and thus furnishing
what is wanting to vegetation in argillaceous soils, which
the application of chalk does not produce ; of course
this is not applicable to calcareous soils. Gypsum also
furnishes the means of eliminating the dormant princi-
ples of soils ; but, of necessity, all who intend to deter-
mine the applicability of particular agents to restore
activity to a soil apparently worn out, must attend to
the chymical analysis of that soil.
Mr. PRIDEAUX stated some experiments on the Dart-
moor granite, treated on this principle, by which they
had facilities on the spot for producing abundance of
alkali. lie remarked that the roots of plants generally
were acid, and hence he inferred the necessity of Ilkaline
earth for their growth. Some plants were benefited by
soda, but most by potash; they, of course, flourish most
with the particular alkali which suited them. With
respect to one observation of Dr. Daubeny that gypsum
appeared to be most beneficial to leguminous plants, he
thought that it would be proved to be a fact, that applied
to the leaves of plants it became converted into carbonate
of lime ; some (parts of plants were acid and others
alkaline, and the object in view with chymists was to
supply either to the plant or its roots, what it required
for its development. . .

The question was asked, if by high manuring, the
growth of wheat, for example, was rank and luxuriant—
the stalk was invariably weak, and it was sure to be laid
—how could the stalk be strengthened? _ _ _

Mr. PRIDEAUX replied that the best mode he knew of
stiffening the stem was by furnishing the plant with
silicate of potash.
Mr. SPOONER spoke of the use of supersulphate of lime,
and other salts, and of the errors of agriculturists in
using, at hazard, lime or chalk, or other ingredients,
which frequently failed from misapplication ; and he
introduced some diseased turnips as, in his opinion, the
result of something wrong in the soil.

The Bishop of Noßwic'H said, probably it would turn
out that the diseased turnips introduced rather an ento-
mological than a chymical question, and depending on
electrical causes, which might also be the case with the
potato disease.
Professor DAUBENY replied that he thought the weak
acid of roots, such as the ascetic, ought not to be com-
pared with the sulphuric or strong acids, advised by him
to bring the dormant ingredients of oils into activity.
Professor GROVE detailed the particulars of his com-
munication to the Royal Society on the decomposition
of water by heat only, which gave rise to a discussion on
this principle as explaining the case of the bursting of
boilers of steam-engines, but which he considered inap-
plicable (as did the Chairman). Professor Playfair sus-
pected that some chymical change in the constitution of
the water took place, which the Professor strongly
combatted.
Dc. LEESON drew attention to the subject of steam
boilers, which he thought favoured the non-decomposi-
tion principle, as he had observed no evidence of the
oxydation of the metal of the fractured part (as we un-
derstood). It was generally considered to depend more
on spheroidal repulsion of bodies. Professor Faraday
appeared to concur in this view.
Dr. J. READE produced an apparatus to explain the
effect of heat in producing a deviation, and also a rota-
tion of the compass needle. The mode pursued was by
placing a suspended needle in the focus of a copper re-
flector; and on placing a disc on the one side or the
other, so as to throw the heat to either pole; so was the
needle deflected on lighting a spirit lamp. It was stated
by the Chairman to arise from currents, and not from
thermal electricity, which seemed probable.
Professor Way's paper on Fairy Rings attributed the
appearance to seeds with a tendency to grow outwards.
A member considered them to arise from Fungi, and an
interesting discussion ensued ; one Learned Gentleman
was of opinion that the rings arose from lightning, and
another combatted the opinions of seeds producing at
least an extension of the rings from the fact of his having
dug a trench six inches deep around one, which never-
theless appeared beyond it.
SECTION C.—GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Ibbetson, Captain 8., and Forbes, Professor E.—On
the vertical tertiary strata of White-cliffe Bay, Isle of
Wight.

Prestwich, Mr.—On the occurrence of cypris, at Ham-
stead-cliff, near Yarmouth.

Fitton, Dr.—Observations on the arrangement and
nomenclature of some of the subcretaceous strata.
Buckman, Mr. James—Notes on the Silurean beds, at
Hay-head, near Barr Beacon, Staffordshire.
Ibbetson, Captain—On the oolitic sections of the Great
Western Railway.
Jukes, J.. 8., F.G.S.—Notice of some tertiary rocks
in the islands stretching from Java to Timor.
Ditto—Sketch of the geological structure of Australia.
SECTION D.—ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY.
This section had a very long list before it.
ZOOLOGY.

Allman, Professor—On an undescribed alga allied to
Coleochmte.
Knox, Dr.—On recollections of inquiries into the na-
tural history of certain species of the Clupeadm, Corre-
goni, and Salmonidem.
Thompson, Mr.—A few notes on the land Mollusca,
zoophytes, and alga of the Isle of Wight.
Gould, Mr.—Will exhibit some rare forms and some
new species of the family of the Irochilidm, or Humming
Birds, from the eastern slopes of the Andes.
BOTANY.

llogan, Mr. W.—On the means of escaping the ravages
of the potato disease.
Ogilby, Mr.—Will make a communication on the po-
tato disease.
Clark, Mr. B.—On the foliage and efflorescence of the
genera Philanthus and Xylophylla.
Whitby, Mrs.—Exhibition of moris multicaulis
species of mulborry on which the silkworm feeds).
Strickland, Mr.—Report on the vitality of seeds.
Knox, Dr.—Note respecting the application of Dr.
Thibert's modelling applied to the natural history of
fishes.
Dr. Knox's paper was confined to a new method of
modelling fishes. The brilliant colours of the living fish
were stated to be very difficult to represent; the tints
could only be given by metallic powder.
The papers on the potato disease were postponed till
three o'clock, and the discussion could not be brought to
a close when the President was obliged to rise.
SECTION E.—PHYSIOLOGY.
Bennett, Dr. Henry—On inflammatory ulceration of
the cervix uteri.
Retzius, Professor—On the distribution of round and
L elongated crania.