The Sun.
London, England, 1846-04-16 00:00:00

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF EVENIIV G PAR TIE,

By Albert m.
Although this highly eccentric ith
c and humourous little
book has been twice offered to the public, first in the
columns of our facetious contemporary Punch, and after-
!yards in a pleasant Christmas hook called the " Wassail
Bowl," it is right welcome. From the hilarious, joyous,
laughter-loving vein in which it is written we conjecture
the author must be on capital terms with himself, and
everybody else ;we would wager he could forgive and
forget," as the saying goes, in the most spontaneous
'Manner ; and we have, moreover, some very shrewd sus-
picions that he knows how to shake hands with a friend
--not by tendering a frigid one finger, or an inert bundle
of lukewarm flesh and bones—but with a fine cordial
gripe that shows the muscles are in excellent condition.
Such is the opinion of Mr. Albert Smith which every
one must form, who dips into these seventy-one
Pages of drollery. And, under the correction of certain
supposititious critics, we will abide by the notion that
our author's disposition may be discerned from his
writings, " The Physiology of Evening Parties I"—the
tame alone is provocative of amusement : or " the Na-
tural History of the First Quadrille." Surely the man
must be a most veritable curmudgeon whose risibility
would not be excited by the perusal of such terpsichorean
parodies upon Butfon. The vraiscmblance of each inci-
dent described is something extraordinary. There is a
touch of genuine Bozism in Mr. Albert Smith's nature,
but his delineations of character want the epigrammatic
comicality of Dickens. Besides which—but a com-
parison would be invidious ; it would be as impossible
as a comparison between Homer and Blackmore. Boz
is on the top of the great pyramid ; while Albert Smith
is on the top of one seven feet by five on the stage of the
Lyceum. We say this not in depreciation of the latter; but
as the mere illustration of a fact. If we could give such
illustrations however as those of Leech in the book
before us, we would amplify the difference at yet greater
length. Sufficient to say that the present volume is an
excellent specimen of that rich fun by which Albert
Smith has rendered himself such a favourite with our-
selves, and a great multitude besides ; while the wood-
cuts, designed by Leech, are worthy illustrations to one
of the happiest of the first contributors to " Punch," and
are also worthy of himself—the main-stay and bes
bower anchor of that periodical.

THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND DURING
THE THIRTY YEARS' PEACE, 1815 to

1845. By Charles Knight. Prat 11.
The sixth chapter of this well-written and valuable
nistory contains a graphic account (illustrated by a
plan) of the taking of Algiers by Lord Exmouth, in
1816, and of the events which led to and followed that
event. The seventh chapter sketches the progress of
social improvement in England from the first efforts of
Sir S. Romilly to improve our criminal law, in 1808, up
to the commencement of the memorable labours of
Brougham in behalf of popular education, in 1816. The
questions of the reform of the criminal code, of the
establishment of an effectual preventive and detective
police, and of the law of settlement and the poor-laws,
and of popular education, are all calmly considered and
temperately discussed in this chapter ; which concludes
with a history of the first establishment of savings'
hanks. In 1816 the first gas company applied to Par-
liament for a Bill, and the following account will be
read with interest at the present moment, inasmuch as
the same arguments that were used by the oil protec-
tionists of that day, against gas lighting, are used by
the corn protectionists of our own against free trade.—
" The brilliantly lighted, carefully watched, safe, orderly,
and tranquil London of the present day, presents as great a
contrast to the London of 1816, as that again, contrasted with
the London of 1762—the year in which the Westminster
Paving and Lighting Act was passed. Street-robberies, be-
fore that period, were the ordinary events of the night : se-
curity was the exception to the course of atrocity, for which
the Government applied no remedy but to hang. For half
a century after this the metropolis had its comparative safety
of feeble oil-lamps and decrepid watchmen. The streets were
tiled with tumultuous vagabonds; and the drowsy guardians
of the night suffered every abomination to go on in lawless
'vigour, happy if their sleep were undisturbed by the mid
night row of the drunken rake. In 1807 Pall-mall was
lighted by gas. The persevering German who spent his own
money and that of his subscribers to his scheme, had no re-
ward. The original gas company, whose example was to be
followed, not only by all England, but the whole civilised
world, were first derided, and then treated in Parliament as
rapacious monopolists intent upon the ruin of established in-
dustry. The adventurers in gas-light did more for the pre-
vention of crime than the Government had done since the
days of Alfred. We turn to the Parliamentary debates, and
we see how they were encouraged in 1816—nine years after
it had been found that the invention was of unappreciable
public benefit The company,' said the Earl of Lauderdale,
`aimed at a monopoly, which would ultimately prove injuri-
ous to the public, and ruin that most important branch of
trade, the whale sheries.' Alderman Atkins contended that
the measure was calculated to ruin that hardy race of men,
the persons employed in the Southern and Greenland whale
fisheries, in each of which a million of money and above a
hundred ships were engaged. If the Bill were to pass, it
would throw out of employ ten thousand seamen, and above
ten thousand ropemakers, sailmakers, mastmakers, &c., con-
nected with that trade.' Who can forbear to admire the in-
exhaustible fund of benevolence that for ages has been at
work in the advocacy of the great principle of protection. At
every step of scientific discovery which promises to impart
new benefits to mankind, however certain and unquestionable
be the benefit, we are called upon to maintain the ancient
state of things, amidst the terrible denunciations of ruin to
some great interest or other. It it quite marvellous the ruin
that has been threatening us since the peace, when capital
has been free to apply itself in aid of skill and enterprise.
The ruin that gas-light was to produce is a pretty fair
example of the ruin that has gone on, and is still going on, for
no objects but those of thinning our population, diminishing
our manufactures, crippling our commerce, extinguishing our
agriculture, and pauperizing our landed proprietors. There
never was a nation doomed to such perils by the restless
character of its people. They will not let well enough alone,
as the only wise men say. In 1816 they risked the exis-
tence of the British navy, which depended upon the whale
fisheries, for the trifling advantage of making London as light
by night as by day, and bestowing safety and peacefulness
upon its millions of inhabitants. And .yet at the very mo-
raent that this ruin was predicted to oil, it was admitted that
We could not obtain a sufficiency offoil. There are some les-
sons yet to be learnt on the subject of protection, even from
this petty fight of oil and gas."
The eighth chapter, which is not completed in this
part, is devoted to the subject of Spanish America. In
as much of it as is contained in the present number, we
have a history of the various efforts made at emancipa-
tion by Spanish America, from 1785, when General
Miranda was negotiating with Mr. Pitt for the assistance
of England, in enabling the inhabitants of Venezuela to
throw off the yoke of Spain, to the defeat of Morelos, in
Mexico, by the Royalist forces, and his subsequent ex-
ecution, in 1815, which seemed for a time to have anni-
hilated the Insurrection which had been begun in that
country in 1810, by the famous Curate Hidalgo. This
part is illustrated by an excellent map of the South
American Continent, and by two engraved portraits,
the one of Sir Samuel Romilly the other of Prince Tal-
leyrand.

AN ADDRESS upon the LAW and LIABILITIES
of RAILWAY SPECULATION, with HINTS
for LEGISLATIVE INTERFERENCE. By

.D. W. Harvey, Esq.
This is a remarkably well-timed little pamphlet, by
kr. Whittle Harvey, President of the Railway Mutual
Protection Society. It comes with an official impress,
and speaks the utility of the society and the attention
*which the learned president has paid to the important
objects of the institution. We here have, in a small
compass, and in a popular form, the law and liabilities
upon a subject which, of all others, most engrosses the
public mind at the present time. We earnestly recom-
mend the perusal of this "Address" to whoever is upon a
railway committee or holds a share. We cordially con-
cur in the feelings of just exultation in which Mr. Har-
♦ey alludes to a subject touching railway matters, which
be brought before the House of Commons in 1836, and
which, though almost scouted at the time, has, within
the last few days, been embodied in a royal commission.

THE LATE THOMAS HOOD.—A meeting of the com-
mittee for managing the Hood Fund was held on Thursday
last at the residence of Mr. David Salomons, the treasurer,
for the purpose of auditing the accounts. One thousand
Pounds has been invested on behalf of the family in the
public funds, and a further sum of 200/. will be similarly
Invested in the course of a few weeks. It is proposed to place
Is_small monument over the remains of the late Mr. Hood, in
Kensal-green Cemetery, for which a sum not exceeding 50/.
Will be raised. The members of the committee subscribed
ten be towards the sum required, which will no doubt
thee
deceased
soon
completed
THE PROTECTION PEERS.—We are informed, on au..
thority which cannot be daubted, that "the die is cast."
s h
The monopolist peers have had their meetings, one after
another, and the isaure is, that the march of free trade is to
be resisted to the uttermost. animal courage Lord Stanley, never deficient in
done, has undertak , and always forward when mischief is to be
en so t
terial measure in committee mutilate and mangle the Minis-
foro the free trade party int eeo
thie
it will be quite impossible
it when it is returned to them Hu
. ()suer of Commons to accept
, we confess, is
greater than our surprise at this information Their Lord-
ships have always been tardy learners in the school of "
dom, and, therefore, we may not wonder at their preserving
characteristic of their order in ththejaprsent instance.
And what are they to gain by playing dangerous game
with an irritated and angry people ? Or, rather, what may
they not lose by their appalling folly ? But, While such is
the present intention of the Lords, Sir R. Peel,
we a •
mired, is resolute and determined on the subject. doe
hasia..
made up his mind that he will take no measure but his own.
It is aut Ccesar aut niltil with him. He will have all or none.
The monopolists must be prepared to form an Administration
or face a dissolution of Parliament in the very hour when
they give a mortal stab to his proposition. So stands the
ease at present. We speak on the authority of one engaged
in playing the game himself.—Liverpool Albion.

Mr. Fairs, who has acquired so much of deserved
celebrity in the art of decorating houses, is removing from
Ranover-street, where his indisputable taste was rendered so
Manifestly supeiior to all his compeers, by its splendid front,
and which it is universally acknowledged hasnothing to coin-
Pete with it throughout London. Its chaste and classical com-
position is of the early Italian school of architecture, and
within the magazine and show-rooms are worthy of its
astlic front. The residence, No. 2. is also deserving the
swine cotnplitnent. It is doomed to change hands next
hau„,esdaY, through the instrumentality of Mr. George Robins's
~urner• All the fashionable world are flocking daily to sea
4414
bealltifill sPecimon of Mr. Fain' handy-works.

THE BIRMINGHAM ATHENIC
INSTITUTE-
BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY NIGHT.—The fifth anniver-
sary meeting of the Birmingham Athenic Institute was
held in the Society's rooms, Great Charles-street, this
evening. The attendance was quite as numerous as last
year, although the number of distinguished patrons was
not so great as on the last occasion.
Lord J. Manners, M.P., as President of the Institute,
took the head of the table at dinner shortly after five
o'clock, and the cloth being removed, letters apologizing
for their absence were read from Lord Lyttelton, Sir
John Hanmer, M.P. Mr. Monckion Milnes, M.P., Mr.
Spooner, M.P., Mr., Dugdale, M.P., and Mr. Newde-
gate, M.P.
Over the Noble President's chair were emblazoned the
mottos :—" Mens sane in corpore sane."
" -- So shall we live,
That every thought and every deed
May hold within itself the seed
Of future good and future need."
The Noble PRESIDENT proposed the health of "her
wast r
y proceededvociferously
to re applauded,adthe
anfadjeasttyitsticleenQcluueseionn,"twhehigeh crea
report of the Institute's progress during the last year,
from which it appeared that there had been 14 festivals
for cricket matches and various gymnastic games and
athletic exercises.
Mr. TAYLOR now rose and said he had great pleasure
in proposing the health of their President.—(Loud
cheers.) And he did so for one good reason. It was
not one of mere formality, of fluttery, or ceremony, but
one which he felt convinced would be appreciated by
every heart in the present company. They owed him
a debt of love and gratitude which they never could suf-
ficiently repay.—(Cheers.) He knew the Noble Lord
had been put to considerable inconvenience in order to
attend that day ; that was a fact which ought to give
them all the greatest pleasure. They must all recollect
that, upon the last occasion, the Noble Lord had shown
the greatest interest in every minutiae relating to the suc-
cess and prosperity of their institute. They would recollect
the Noble L•nd accompanying them to Hagley, where all
the dignity of rank was thrown aside, and he became,
as it were, one of them—(Cheers)—how each of them
felt at home with him, and free from that embarrass-
ment which was so generally felt when the higher came
in contact with the lower classes.—(Cheers.) Ile begged
leave to propose the health of their Noble President, Lord
John Manners.—(The toast was received with cheers.)
Lord J. MANNERS, in rising to acknowledge the toast,
said, he hardly knew how to find words to acknowledge
the kind and cordial manner in which his health had been

proposed by Mr. Taylor, and received by the company.
For the future, however, be should be more guarded in
his private talk at dinner table; but he could assure
them, that although that was the last day of hunting in
Leicestershire, had it been the first instead of the last,
he should have felt it his duty, in preference to all
amusements, however much he might be attached to
them, to be present on that occasion.—(Cheers.) His
friend, Mr. Taylor, had alluded to the advantages which
all classes derived from the festivities like the present;
but he (Lord J. Manners) might be permitted to say,
that the advantages derivable from such proceedings, in
his opinion, greatly preponderated in favour of the higher
classes.—(Cheers.) But be that as it might, he (Lord
J. Manners) was convinced that one of the greatest evils
of modern society—for the evil was not confined to
England—had been the gradual severance of the different
classes of society, and anything which brought them
together—anything which proved that they had a
common interest as they had a common de-
scent, and afterwards, as he hoped, the same ascent,
must of necessity confer the greatest and most
lasting benefit upon the entire community. The
Noble Lord concluded by saying he had had from the first a
deep interest in the success of the Athenic Institute of
Birmingham, that interest he should continue to feel,
and would by all means in his humble power strive to
improve it.—(Cheers.) He told them when he last oc-
cupied that chair, that he should have much preferred
that some gentleman of the neighbourhood should fill
the office of president—that he accepted it because no
gentleman of the neighbourhood appeared willing to do
so. He was happy, however, now to state that some
gentlemen of the county were now willing to come
among them.—(Cheers.) And so it should be ; for he
thought the duties of the office would be best and more
efficiently discharged by some gentleman of more local
importance than himself. Therefore, although he then
held the office of president, he hoped soon to be sitting
amongst them, instead of occupying his present position.
He begged leave to thank them for the cordial manner
in which they had received him, and in return to drink
all their good healths.—(Cheers.)
Votes of thanks to the directors, committee, and to
gentlemen who had presented the library with books,
succeeded ; and after each of these compliments followed
a variety of songs by members of the society, amongst
which may be mentioned " The Brave old Oak," " When
we went Gipsying," &c.

Lord J. lifiNsins then again presented himself, and
was received with great cheering. He commenced by
saying—lt is now more than two years since I had the
pleasure of presiding over your first dinner in this room,
and I think I may have the gratification of saying that
during that period the Athenic Institute has progressed
and flourished in a way almost equal to the anticipations
and hopes we then indulged in. Public approbation has
been stamped on the general- principles which were
enunciated as those of the Institute—opposition and
cavilling have died away, enmity has been changed into
friendship, experience has enabled you to extend some
of the departments, and to curtail others of the Insti-
tute ; and I occupy the chair this evening to preside
over a far more numerous assembly than was present
here on that former occasion. Well, then, gentlemen,
all honour, I say, to those young working men of Bir-
mingham who dared to be founders of such an institu-

tion; and who dared, against no little oblOqu3Tai;lniis-
representation, to cherish the infant tree which now
gives rest and recreation to so many under its spreading
branches.—(Loud cheers.) I have said obloquy and
misrepresentation, and although they exist no longer,
and I would not willingly say anything here
which might induce an unpleasant reflection else-
where, still I cannot refrain from endeavouring to
find an excuse, if not a reason, for their former exist-
ence in Birmingham, and present continuance in many
other parts of the kingdom. The fact is, there are
many excellent people whose knowledge and ideas are
bounded by their own experience, and who dread the
slightest departure from the beaten track they have
ever trod, and who mistake all change, whether it be
the renovation of an old custom or the adoption of a
new one, for a revolution; thus, all work and no play
having become the characteristic of modern English in-
dustry, any, the slightest return to those heartier, more
just, more manly, and especiallydnore English habits
and customs which acquired for our country the name
of merry England, was, and in many instances still is,
regarded by that very respectable class of modern
critics as a dangerous innovation, subversive of the
morals and industry of the people, and sure, in the long
run, to end in the destruction of Church and State.
Well, then, what should we do under these circum-
stances? We who felt convinced, on the other hand, that
unless, as wealth among the few was rapidly increasing,
its enjoyment by the many increased also, society was
becoming more and more disorganised;—what were we
who felt thus to do—to sit still under that senseless cla-
mour, and allow the dull machinery of acquisition with-
out a wholesome pause of joyous check to go grinding
on year after year, paralysing the limbs, cramping
the energies, deadening the affections, darkening the
souls of our toiling millions? No— what have we done?
Why, we have shown without parade without unneces-
sarily shocking those prejudices I have alluded to, seizing
whatever opportunities were afforded us, that the people
of England, who work so hard and so readily, can stand
the trial of a few days' holiday in the course of the year,
that a cricket match does not necessarily imply the
bowling down of the pillars of state, and that a village
dance need not end in dancing off the crown from her
Majesty's head.—(Cheers.) Yes, you have shown this
in Birmingham, and your example has been and is fol-
lowed elsewhere ; and I am sure that to you as well as
to me it is a matter of sincere congratulation to watch
the gradual dispersion of those mists of money-getting
prejudice, and the various attempts which are made in
different parts of the kingdom, to restore to the working
people of England some small portion of that time to re-
creation which, in other days, was their undoubted
right ; for don't let us suppose that ours is a mere
isolated attempt—isolated, indeed, it was—in itasnconlicneEs-
tion and action ; but it is only one
among a man
of a great chain of social progress. Recollect my exycellent
friend, Sir John Hamner, at our former dinner, two years
ago, mentioned what was then going on at Kingston..
upon-Hull, the place represented by my Hon. Friend.
It was a movement then going on in fauour of the
shortening of the hours of labour end the earlier closing of
shops. Well, how general has that movement since be-
come, and with what general success. The Ten Hours'
Factory Bill, defeated as it was in my opinion on the
most insulting and ludicrous grounds, viz., that the com-
merce of England would be destroyed, and its sun sink
in darkness if people in the factories worked only ten
hours in the day—(Cheers)—that Bill, however, is
now upon the eve, I believe, of being passed into law.
—(Cheers.) Yes, you artisans of Birmingham on
this question rightly sympathise with the artisans of
Manchester and Stockport.—(Cheers.) In the rural
districts, too, a great advance has been made. The may-
pole has been again_ erected in Kent, and cricket and
manly games are fostered and encouraged, and I look
forward, in the course of a few weeks, to be present at a
festive meeting of three rural villages, where after the
service of the church by those who wish it, the rest of
the day will be spent under the walls of my father's
castle in manly games and harmless merriment, and I do
not despond of being able in a few years to say with
the poet—
"How often have I blessed the coming day,
When toil remitting lent its turn to play,
And all the village train from labour free
Led up their sports beneath the spreading tree,
While many a pasture, circled in the shade,
The young contending, as the old surveyed."—(Cheers.)
Why do I refer to these things? Because they ail
emanate from the same source as your society, and our
present meeting spring from, because they all form part
of the great indignant protest of English nature—that
English workmen are machines, and may be treated as
such. But, though I have spaken in rather a triumphant
tone, I feel I must not suppose that the battle is won;
and that henceforward all the employers of labour will
vie with each other in providing times and means of
leisure and recreation for their labours.—(Hear, hear.)
Political economy has still many abstract votaries; and
it rests mainly with you, and with societies like yours,
to show that the sobriety, morals, intelligence, aye, and
the industry too of the people is promoted by a fair
mixture of recreation, leisure, and amusements with
their time of toil and labour. A day's recreation per-
verted and disgraced by immorality or drunkenness may
do much to retard that onward movement which we take
so much pride in contemplating, and give a handle to our
opponents; although nothing could be more unfair than
to argue, that because the people are so unaccustomed to
6 holiday that they mist's, it when it is offered them,

therefore they are unworthy of it.—(Cheers.) Were
the gentlemen of your society confined to this one object
of providing its members with manly and vigorous re-
c everyr ea ol no ,v
lover
sohfo ul
hisd country—every deem i
t wellw worthy
onethy
frankness and freshness of the old English character
the
wsuhpopmor t
the
a is)
dear.— (Cheers.) But such is not the case ; the old
to
Roman satirist's prayer has furnished you with a motto
for your society—
" dens sans in corpore sane;"
and so it ought to be. A sound mind and sound body is
your joint object, and well and wisely, in my opinion,
have you determined on that union, for to those actively
engaged in the pursuits of honourable industry the ad-
dition of literary labour, unless cheered and brightened
by invigorating exercise, cannot but be burdensome and
enervating ; but by this wise tempering of work with
play, and both with intellectual study, and all under the
mastery of religion, how ennobling becomes the life of
an English artisan. His is the hopeful soul, the elastic
step, the contented mind, the cheerful hesirt. To him
the manly games and the manly literature of his ances-
tors are open and accessible, end while enjoying the
pure air or gazing on the green beauty of some English
valley, or drinking in " the thoughts that breathe and
words that burn' of some English master of song,
then, indeed, may he bless God that his lot has been
cast in a land of revealed religion, equal laws, ancestral
fame, and sterling qualities.—(Cheers.) Such it
pleases me to think is your case. Yours it has
been to wander through the shades where your Shak-
spore learnt to warble his native wood notes wild,
and to enjoy the effects of his marvellous genius.
Yours it has been to strain the agile limb in
the classic grounds of Hagley, and gaze on the
scenes that fascinated a Thomson and a Shenstone, while
contending in the games with a Lord-Lieutenant and a
Doctor of Court Law. Well, gentlemen, they may call
us what they please, those dry philosophers, those party
politicians, we will pursue the tenor of our way, lighten-
ing the toil, elevating the tastes, giving vigour and
health to the frames of the working youths of Birming-
ham. You on the one hand may be told that the county
gentlemen, the aristocracy of England, ere a haughty,
cold-hearted set of oppressors, who study only their own
interests and pleasure, and care not for the poor; and
we, an the other hand, may be assured that the working
millions of England, unless kept grinding at the mill of
labour, watched by policemen, and debarred from all
manly and intellectual enjoyments, will tear this ancient
monarchy to pieces, and shiver society to fragments.
But, gentlemen, we will take care to disbelieve both stories;
we will place confidence in our fellow Englishmen • we
will look back with pride to the past—to the great deeds
the peasants and peers and merchants of England did in
common; we will take delight in the glorious literature of
other days, which, like the sun, shines upon all; we will
do, to the best of our power, our various duties in
these days of care and fretfulness, and we will look
forward to the future with hope and confidence for our
common country, and with humble reliance on God's
mercy for our hereafter. Away, gentlemen, I would
say, with the cant which would have us believe that all
old feelings are dead, all English sympathies extin-
guished, all natural affections chilled. There is not a
sequestered nook in the lakes of Cumberland, in the
mines of Cornwall, in the dim, close, hot alleys of Man-
chester or Southwark, in the smoky streets of your own
Birmingham, in which the gallant, trustful, manly,
English spirit is dead. Be it ours, then, to call it fort

to exercise it, and through it, to carry this tight little
island of ours through all straits, through all dangers ;
and this, gentlemen, rely upon it we can do if we will.
" For times and seasons though they change and customs pass away,
Yet English hearts and English hands will prove old England's sway;

And though our coffers mayn't be filled, as they were wont of yore,
We still have hands to fight, if need, and hearts to help the poor."
The Noble Lord resumed his seat amidst loud cheers.

Other toasts were then drank, and the dinner party
did not break up until near eleven o'clock.
A ball succeeded, and the dance was kept up until a
late hour.

THE OREGON QUESTION.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

TIMES.—The proceedings in Congress down to the
close of March, when the Hibernia sailed from Boston,
have very little of a pacific character, and that little is
purely negative. All that can be said is, that the notice
for the termination of the Oregon has not been given,
and will not be given without considerable deliberation;
and, meanwhile, doubts have sprung up in many quarters
whether the abrogation of the convention is not calcu-
lated to defeat rather than to promote the one great ob-
ject of the acquisition of the whole Oregon territory.
Mr. Calhoun's policy of inaction has made converts. It
would assuredly be by far the safest course for the
United States and the most embarrassing to this country,
if it were not in our own power to put an end to the state
of suspense on our side. The termination of the debate
in Congress on the resolutions is of little importance;
since it is evident that if the notice be not given, on the
ground that a " masterly inactivity" is the only mode
of acquiring a footing for Americans in the valley
of the Columbia, the British Cabinet will be bound
by the plainest considerations of interest and duty to
give the notice and terminate the convention in the name
of the Queen of England. Mr. Polk, however, is fully
resolved not to leave this duty to devolve upon the Eng-
lish Government if he can help it. He not only declares
his strong conviction that the notice should be promptly
given ; but he accompanies his recommendation, con-
tained in a special message, by the first proposal which
can be construed into an admission of the probability of
war. We have no disposition to express either surprise
or displeasure at the declaration of the American Exe-
cutive that an increase of the naval and military force
of the United States is at this time required ; for such
an increase has obviously been required ever since Mr.
Polk and his immediate predecessor adopted a line of
policy so well calculated to embroil them with their
neighbours. But if Mr. Polk has thought fit to imitate
the language of the Queen's speech and the propo-
sals of the English Government with respect to
increased means of defence and of warfare, we wish
that he bad also adopted the strong expressions which
have invariably been used in the official language of
this country—expressions not more strong, however,
then sincere—in favour of the settlement of the contro-
versy by negotiation. The amount of the proposed in-
crease in the naval and military estimates of the United
States has not been stated with precision. A couple of
regiments of sharpshooters, and an addition of ten men
to each company in the line, or about 700 men to the
whole army, are not very important matters in a dis-
pute involving a boundless territory, and carried on by
two great States. In the position of Mr. Polk and of
the American Government, to do a little in the way of
defence is worse than to do nothing. The President
must be prepared to call upon Congress to supply the
funds and means of war to an amount equal to the whole
of the present revenue of the Union, or he must by a
prompt negotiation insure the duration of peace. The de-
bate on the resolution for the notice, which has already
lasted for more than six weeks, has, after all, no real bear-
ing on the main question at issue. The sooner the
notice is given, the better for both countries; and we
regret that it did not arrive by this steamer. The state
of the relations between the United States and Mexico
had already had considerable effect on the distribution
of the military resources of Mr. Polk's Government.
Two-thirds of the American army are concentrated on
the southern frontier, for the annexation of Texas at
once imposed a fresh duty of great extent on the federal
troops. They appear to have occupied not only the
province, but the disputed- territory lying between the
river Nuces and the Rio Bravo del Norte; in this terri-
tory Matamoros is situated, and the last accounts re-
ceived (though not by the way of the United States)
state that the American troops had expelled the Mexi-
can Custom-house officers, and probably got possession
of that place. If so, the two republics are in a state of
war. At the :other extremity of the Union, Lord
Cathcart's speech at the opening of the Canadian Legis-
lature breathes a hearty spirit of loyalty and confidence,
which will be responded to throughout the North Ame-
rican possessions of the British Crown, as well
as in the mother country. To the most com-
plete confidence in the military and naval power of
England, of which such signal proofs have recently
been given in other parts of the globe, we may justly
add a full reliance on the courage and spirit of the
colonial dependencies of this great empire. To the
western islands England has given the freedom of the
negro, to the northern provinces of America the benefits
of a free, united, and patriotic Government. As long
as the Oregon question remained in the vague regions of
sophistry and abstraction, the indifference and remote-
ness of this country might give the Americans an ap-
parent, though unreal advantage. But from the moment
that it comes to be dealt with practically, theimmeasura-
ble superiority of the executive powers and resources of
this country will be instantly manifested. Mr. Polk's
proposal for an increase of the American forces has at
once deprived himself of the pretext that nothing like a
war was contemplated by his Government; it has given
the American people a full warning of the real effects of
this policy; and it enables us to urge upon the Ministers
of the Crown the imperious necessity of conduct so
prompt and resolute as to bring the whole controversy
to an equitable and honourable termination. We have
far less to apprehend from action than from delay.
CHRONICLE.—Mr. Calhoun is carrying his' rin-
ciples against his will. It is clear that his doctrines
be the winning ones. His very opponents will verify
them. The sine die policy is his object. His object
will be attained. To leave the convention as it is, to
swamp the Oregon and American immigrants, to wait
until the Columbia be a Mississippi, to watch the birth
of a New Orleans on the Pacific side, to behold a second
Astoria, to send sea-otter skins to China in American
bottoms, to hear the old monarchical names of King
George's Sound and Admiralty Inlet exchanged for the
national Harbourthe
eo rCa
Alps,
andou n
cut
those that cross them to the Carthagenians, t
to make
Clatsop Point a Selsea Bill, andd
, to c
ompare
the appellations
Rockyof l an
Anleoguannt n s t o
an Isle of Wight—these nationalities, and the
them, form the nationality of Mr. Calhoun. We repeat the Sandwich I
likesl an o
sf
that he will realise . them. Fortunately for England,
the Oregon question is not one that bears pal-
pably upon the great commercial interests of the
nation. If felt much in Liverpool, it is compa-
ratively- uninfluential in London. The latitude of
All
ei
tn
ewai
gc he
nids
eurns tios urcehaeedt
oboy i
andt .
he
et
bt he estn
ptrhoeo
ft aolfkßgroi t
sn.
h
claims is the American arguments against them. An
ooticeeashiears tfoorbengatiivoennsinthaancouforrteoinudsimridanuanles.
manner
—Aulnapdlmehaaestratenertthnnere is_as much room for direct opposition in
respect to the principle, as there is for refinement in re-
senator proposes that the notice shall be accompanied
with to details. At the present moment,aeweohmilstanoiende
with a qualification in favour of negotiation and compro-
mi.se, another enlarges upon the omission of the compro-
mise. There are delacies here. There are difficulties
with Mr. Polk. It was a matter of surprise to the
friends of the gifted Lord Bolingbroke to observe the
extent to which he separated the gentleman from the
statesman, the individual from the politician, the man of
pleasure from the man of business, the intriguer in love
from the intriguer in politico, the frien4lPope from the

hater of Harley, the sceptical philosopher from the bigoted
Tory. The fact was that, in continental phraseology,, he
was not a man but a system—not a monad but a dualism.
Mr. Polk is the same. The planter of Tennessee is one thing
the President of the United States another. Greater
than Brutus, who merged the father in the magistrate,
he can effect an isolation of his own presidential self. So
doing, he is the greatest public character of modern
times--Sheridan's Governor of the Tower only excepted.
The realities of the question in its present state are
peaceful. Mr. Webster is committed to the 49th degree,
but allows himself a large margin. An island or inlet
more or less, and the permanent or temporary navigation
of the Columbia, he thinks of less importance than the
preservation of peace. And that rightly. Upon the
great sine qua non, the absolute abandonment. of all parts
north of 49, he insists. Nevertheless, his policy is rather
the sine die policy of Mr. Calhoun than aught definitive.
The message of the President, in answer to the Senate
upon the extent to which the defences of the Republic
should be increased, is general and indefinite —such a
one as Polonius would have given in Denmark.
Mr. Sevier's speech is a good measure of the re-action
from the patriotism of the whole Oregon men.
POST.—Our libellers used to say that the way to a
Briton's heart was through his breeches pocket. If we
are to believe Americans, the readiest way of corrupting
an American is by the gratification of his palate. What
a notion ! Here is Lord Palmerston eating and drinking
with every public man in Paris, in order to prevent the
accession of a Whig Ministry to office being the signal
of an European war ! And here is Mr. Pakenham try-
ing to gull the United States out of the Oregon territory
b. y feasting Senators at the British Embassy in Wash-
ington. Esau sold his heritage for a mess of potage,
but your senators of Congress, we are told by your
United States " patriots," expect something better as
the price of their perfidy. Just mark the Message of
the President, intelligence of which was brought us by
the newly arrived mail from Boston What is his Ex-
cellency's answer? Simply that the United States must
arm because Britain is arming, and because he, the Pre-
sident. in his wisdom, chooses to fancy that possibly the
arming of Great Britain may have reference to a source
of difference now open between her and the United
States ! Now this we should call admirable fooling, if
we did not believe it to be something worse. The facts,
as far as our own country is concerned, are no-
torious.
First, we are not making, as the President says,
unusual and ordinary armaments and warlike prepara- '
tons.' We are certainly in some degree increasing the I
strength of our army, at present insufficient to furnish '
proper relief to such of our troops as are engaged in co-
lonial duty. We have large colonies, too long neglected,
to attend to, and we are now beginning to attend to
them. We have a prospect of prolonged hostilities in
our Asiatic dominions, or at the very least a necessity
for the presence for some time of a powerful force in
those countries. We are not willing that the improve-
ment of the marine strength of other European countries
should enable them to wrest from us the maritime supre-
macy we have for two hundred years possessed; and
therefore warily are we looking after our navy. The
defences of our coast, reared at great cost, have by cul-
pable negligence been suffered to sink into shameful
decay, and these we are now restoring. The doing of
such things alarms the President of the United States,
and he considers that the doing of such things autho-
rises his assuring the Senate that " the foreign relations"
of the United States require at this time an increase of
" the naval" and " military force." " Truth," says the
Jewish proverb, " walks on two feet—a lie limps with
one." We never met with a lamer assertion than this of
King Polk. Of course the convention was intended only
as a temporary expedient, and, of course, a permanent
arrangement ought, ere now, to have been effected. It
is, however, a fact that this has not been effected; and
we: say it is "to be regarded as a warlike measure,"
this proposed termination of the convention, anterior to
arrangements available to the same end. Are we to be
bullied into an abandonment of the country? We think
this is the English of it, and the American too.
HERALD.—We published yesterday, and repeat to-
day, the most important news that has yet reached this
country from America since the date of the notorious
Message. Sir R. Peel's cloud in the west, despite of the
advantages which the ruin of our North American colo-
nies must offer, is beginning to assume a darker and
more angry character. We do not deny that there are
symptoms of wavering exhibited by Mr. Polk's late
Message, warlike though it be in terms ; but, owing in
part to the vacillating policy of the British Government,
partly to the extravagant pretensions of the American
war faction, the affair has become so entangled as to
leave slender hopes of a peaceful adjustment of the dis-
pute, except, indeed,*y an unqualified retractation of
Mr. Polk's claim, an event which can hardly be ex-
pected. Mr. Polk and his party, by their bluster and
absurd pretensions, have, we fear, committed America to
adopting a certain course ; and though the bullies,them-
selves may be rendered manageable Fnough, the honest
and patriotic portion of the people will be disinclined to
allow any compromise of the national honour. We wouldfain hope, however, that the American people, as dis-
tinguished from the Government, will not feel them-
selves bound to support the extravagance of the
President ; and we are glad to find from the debate
in the Senate, that a sense of justice is seemingly
beginning to resume its sway over the public mind in
America. A very short time since the more moderate
of the Ministerialists fixed the line of partition at the
parallel 54 40 ; but Mr. Haywood, Mr. Archer, and Mr.
Sevier are now content to limit the American title to
all south of parallel 49. This is, doubtless, a good be-
ginning, but it remains to be seen whether the President,
before war actually thunders at his doors, will have the
sense to follow the wholesome example that has been
set. We must not omit to mention the proposal of Mr.
Webster (ever the friend of peace, when it can be ho-
nourably maintained) to constitute parallel 49 the divi-
sional line, leaving the navigation of the Columbia River
open to both countries for a limited period, in order to
give time for the final adjustment of the adverse claims.
Should this plan be adopted, it would probably avert
hostilities for the present. Meanwhile we cannot dis-
guise from ourselves that the main guarantee which ',we
hold for the peaceful disposition of America is her in-
ability, or at least her present unfitness, to go to war.
The President has recommended an addition to the na-
val and military strength of the country, and the esti-
mates for making the addition to the navy contemplated
are very considerable. An outlay a
of 30,000,000 of dol-
lars will '
be required for puttino. the navy alone in
condition to meet the contingency of war. This esti-
mate, ire think, affords cogent reasons, and such as are
appreciable by the American people, for avoiding, or at
least deferring war until Sir R. Peel shall have supplied
them with British gold in exchange for their super-
fluous corn. Upon the whole, however, war seems less
likely than heretofore.

DAILY NEWS.—Last week we were all at peace.
Mr. Polk's dear friend, Mr. Heywood was denouncing
the frenzied fools who would have 54.40., and who de-
clared the President tied to it, This week we hear Mr.
Polk himself dispatching a very warlike message to the
Senate ; at least, a message insisting on the necessity of
very warlike preparations. And we hear of, greater
fluctuation and more depressed prices in the money
market, and of anxiety on both sides of the Channel.
We do not, however, find anything very menacing or
formidable in Mr. Polk's note of war. On the contrary,
we see much in it that is calculated to contribute to
peace. As a preparation for actual and immediate war,
the idea of adopting the plan of the American Secre-
tary of the Navy for building future fleets is quite
burlesque ; and whether the frigates are to be increased
from ten to forty, and the war steamers from two
to the same witching number of forty, is a matter of
consideration for 1849, n*it for the present summer of
1846. We cannot but do Mr. Polk the justice to say,
that however he may have attempted to intimidate us
by big words in this dispute, he has not had recourse
to any more serious or more material species of inti-
midation. His policy seems to have been to wring
the most from us at the least possible expense. He an-
nexed Texas, scarcely fitting out a ship. And he has
conquered the better half of the Oregon without raising
a regiment. He has relied on our horror of war to
make us retreat to the utmost limits which honour and
unambitious interests permit; and he has not failed; for
the opinions of the English public have been driven to
approve of concessions, which a year ago opinion would
not have sanctioned. The 49th degree is now the cry
on both sides of the Atlantic, and if we insist that it
should
cclutvye.
r,
scTlohsnletai
nncduo,e
Columbia
uh ne throughbAi
am river
ral en
remains,
et
crmaa tinns
0, namost a
Inkth,eeromauluwgcahhyVsdiadffine-:
clared it to be, the true stumbling-block. If we give up
both banks of the Columbia, we must give up the final
right to trade. It would be preposterous making such
stipulation with such a people as the Americans. On
the whole, we see nothing in the President's late Mes•
sage to warrant the conclusion that he is disinclined to a
compromise and to negotiate on the terms of the 49th
cannotdegree
of latitude.
consider
as
directedH i His warlikeg
an
inst the estimates
people
thereforewe o
r the
Government of this country. They are rather drawn up
ian
nat
irer
;a ymagainstwpolitical
efmo e
isnodni
ffhirse
no
tw
ton s iwd
war
of o
rthe A e
ac At-
lantic;
except as they can be made subservient to party intrigues
and personal ambition.

The Duke of Devonshire, and a family circle, are on
a visit to the Earland Countess Granville, at Aldenham-park.
THE LATE FATAL ACCIDENT AT HUNGERFORD PIER.
—Yesterday afternoon an inquest was held at the Griffin,
Villiers-street, Strand, before Mr. Bedford, Coroner for West-
minster, and sixteen jurors, on view of the body of John
ofF the el
unfortunateage d 4 I,latepecrosooknsatdSroimwpnss
ert3Tatvheern,faeonirnng ofhill one
the
platform at Hungerford Pier on Saturday last. Mr. Fled-
gate, solicitor to the Hungerford-market Company; Mr.
Shaw, from the office of M e Charing.
Curtis, solicitor to thCh • *
- cross Bridge Company; and a gentleman from the office of
Mr. Gasgrove, solicitor to the widow of deceased, were p
sent to watch the proceedings. The jury, ea
fiereen-
sworn, repaired to view the body, which lay at St. Ma t' '
workhouse, and afterwards to inspect the floating b r mos
pier at Hungerford, and also the flat or platform fro:111%h ,
the staple was drawn and chain disconnected, which caused
the flat which connected the two barges to shift, and throw
deceased and others into the river. The jury having made a
close inspection, after the absence o nearly an hour returned
and heard the evidence. The f
Coronerd summed up at eight
o'clock and the jury, after upwar. s
.of one hour's delibera-
tion, returned the following verdict .—" Vire find that the
deceased John Fowell met hish death accidentally, owing to
the imperfect construction of the connecting platform of the
two floating barges forming part of the Hungerford Pier, with
a deodand of 50/. on the said connecting platform',
MISTAKEN IDENTlTY.—Yegerday, in the Secondaries
Court, a case of mistaken identity occurred in an action
brought by an attorney against a baker for his bill of costs.
Two witnesses, called for the plaintiff' (a clerk and an ac-
countant), stated that they had seen the defendant on seve-
ral occasions, and pointed out a person in court whom they
stated to be the defendant. The person .so pointed out stated
on his oath that he was not the defendant. The defendant
then made his appearance, and both the witnesses for the
•
plaintiff acknowledged that theyt_ had mistaken the party.
There was no similarity between pries—one was bald-
headed and the other had plenty of One of the wit-
nesses stated that he had seen the defendant twice, and the
other four times. The jury found for the plaintiff,

COURT CIRCULAR,
WINDSOR WEDNESDAY. - The Queen and Prince
• Albert took their accustomed early walk in the grounds,
around the Castle.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out this fore-
noon, attended by Lieut.-Colonel Seymour.
Her Majesty the Queen Dowager arrived at the Castle
this afternoon on a visit to her Majesty and the Prince
Consort. His Serene Highness the Hereditary Prince
of Saxe Meiningen also arrived on a visit to her Ma-
jesty. The Earl and Countess Howe, Sir Andrew Bar-
nard, and Sir David Davies were in the suite of the
Queen Dowager ; and the Baron de Reitzenstein was in
attendance on the Hereditary Prince.
The Earl of Aberdeen arrived at the Castle to-day on
a visit to the Queen.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and
the Princess Royal took their morning exercise on the
Eastern Terrace. The Reyal Family have all been out
on their ponies this afternoon.
The royal dinner party at the Castle this evening will
include her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his
Serene Highness Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar, Lady
Augusta Bruce, and Baroness de Speth.
The band of the Grenadier Guards will attend during
dinner.
Her Majesty's private band will afterwards attend
in the Castle.
H M

edenbyDothweagEera,rlacaconmd pcanoiuendtebsys
t
his Serene Highness the Hereditary Prince of Saxe
Howe, Sir Andrew Barnard, and Sir David Davies, left
her residence, Marlborough House, Pall-mall, at three
o'clock yesterday afternoon, for Windsor Castle, on a
visit to the Queen. Baron de Reitzenstein attended the
Hereditary Prince of Meiningen. His Serene highness
Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar accompanied the Queen
Dowager from town to Windsor, and. afterwards pro-
ceeded to join his regiment. The illustrious party left
town in two carriages and four.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge visited
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester on Tues-
day, at Gloucester House.
Count de St. Aulaire, the French Ambassador, trans-
acted business yesterday at the Foreign-office.
The Earl of Aberdeen left town yesterday afternoon
for Windsor Castle on a visit to her Majesty.
Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
office from the Governor-General of Canada, and also
from the Governor of the other North American pro-
vinces.

HOLIDAY VISITORS TO THE

UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION.

The Secretary of the United Service Institution is
much gratified in being able to inform the Editor of
The Sun, that although nearly 3,500 persons of all
classes have visited the Museum during the Easter holi-
days, no injury of any kind has been sustained. This is
the more creditable to the maligned British public, from
the circumstance that a great number of models and
delicate articles are unprotected by glass, as the Museum
is arranged for private exhibition to the members and
their immediate friends.
Whitehall-yard, April 15, 1846.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
NEWMARKET, TUESDAY NIGHT.
The following are a few particulars of the race for the
Newmarket Handicap, of which the return only was
forwarded from the heath :
NEWMARKET HANDICAP.—The race was fixed for a
quarter before five, and exactly at that time the horses
were conducted to the post, and started, the whole lot
getting off in such close array that for the first fifty or
sixty yards nothing can be said to have made running.
The lead was then taken up by the Marquis of Conyng-
ham, attended by Chemise, Little Vulgar Boy, Elemi,
and at least aadozen others, right and left, in one unbroken
line, most of the heavy weights lying away on the left,
Keshing overpaced, being absolutely last. That the
speed, although too much for Keshing, Queen of Tyne,
and some others, was not great, was proved by the close
order in which the first ruck continued the race to the
bushes, Elerni, Wee Pet, Chemise, and one or two others,
here gave way, nor did Arthur's colours remain much
longer in front. The Marquis of Conyngham still car-
ried on the running with Little Vulgar Boy, the Pet
colt, Beaumont, Wolf-dog, Alamode, and several others
laid up, and so they came round the turn ; Queen of
Tyne and Akbar then drew towards them ; Kesheng
also was getting through his horses, and the three gra-
dually mending their position, beaded the light division
half a distance from home, the Queen leading, Akbar
second, and Kesheng third. The race was left to this

trio, Kesheng, by g—ameness only, reaching the mare
half way up the cords, and finally beating her by a
length, with nothing to spare ; Akbar third, about
two lengths from the winner ; Little Vulgar Boy was
fourth, Marquis of Conyngham fifth, and the Pet colt
sixth. Captain Flathooker broke down. The winner
was never mentioned in the betting, and, we believe, was
not backed even in private for more than ten or fifteen
pounds. _ _

The company on the heath included—His Royal
Highness Prince George of Cambridge ; Duko of Bed-
ford; Duke of Rutland; Lords—Stradbroke' Albemarle,
Shelburne, Foley, G. Ben tinck, Sandwich, Duncannon,
Suffield, Charles Manners, George Manners, Brownlow
Cecil, Chesterfield, Milltown, Newport, Edward Russell,
Frederick Fitzroy, Wilton, Somerton, Godolphin, Sidney
Osborne, Charles Fitzroy, Maidstone, Thomas Cecil,
Spencer, William Powlett; Ladies—Albemarle, Chester-
field, Newport, and the Hon. Mrs. Anson; Sirs—M.
Farquhar, J. Hawley, W. W. Wynn, W. Don, V. Cotton,
and R. Bulkeley; Honourables—G. Fitzroy, Colonel
Anson, H. Pitt, J. Macdonald, H. Forrester, Francis
Villiers, H. Rous, Admiral Powlett, Boyce, S. Little-
ton, General and Mrs, Grosvenor, Colonels Peel and
_ _

Hornby; Greville, Payne, Batson, Wigram,
S. Stanley, S. Graham, M. Campbell, Cox, Newton,
Nevill, R. Clifton, Bruce, Cuthbert, Shelley, H. Des
Veux, Goddard, Lowther, Magennis, Ives, Crommelin,
Moore,
Higgins,
G. H. Ramsbottom, owneley, H.
, Blair Greene, Thornhill, Lloyd, Brooke, Gully, Free-
stun, Drinkald, &c., &c.
WEDNESDAY'S RACES.

Sweepstakes of 200 sous. each, h ft, colts, Bst 71b ; fillies
Bst 21b. R.M. (7 Subs.)
Colonel Anson's lago (F. Butler) 1
Lord Exeter's br c, by Colwick. out of Galata
4 to 1 on lago.
The Galata colt cut out the work at a good pace, the
favourite lying off a couple of lengths to the hill, he
then took his place, challenged a few lengths from the
chair, and won by half a length.
Subscription Plate of 501., for three-year-oldt, 7st ; four,
Bst 71b • five, 9st ; six and aged, 9st 21b. T.Y.
Lord Stradbroke's Ides (Robins) 1
Colonel Peel's Garry Owen 2
Colonel Wyndham's Brainless
Lord Chesterfield's Javelin 4
Lord George Bentinck's Discord
Betting-7 to 4on Ides, 3to 1 against Garry Owen.
Brainless made running at a great pace to the cords,
where it was taken up by Ides, who carried it on to the
end, and won easy by a length, Garry Owen beating
Brainless as far.

The Column Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h ft, for three-years-
old colts, Szt 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b. R.M.
Colonel Anson's lago (allowed 3 lbs) (F. Butler) 1
Mr. Wall's The Crown Prince (allowed slbs) 2
Lord Stradbroke's Lynceus 3
The following were not placed :—Colonel Peel's
Samphire, Colonel Anson's Turpin, Lord Albemarle's
Smuggler Bill, Lord Albemarle's Radulphus.
Betting-2 to 1 agst Lord Albemarle's two-5 to 2
agst Lynceus--4 to 1 agst lago-5 to 1 agst Samphire.
Turpin took the lead, followed by lago, the others
lying up, with the exception of the Crown Prince, who
laid off. They ran in this way to the bushes, where
lago took up the running, followed by Lynceus, Crown
Prince, and Smuggler Bill ; Crown Prince came at the
last and looked very like winning, but ran out at the
last and was beaten by half a length, Crown Prince
beating Lynceus by a head; Smuggler Bill a bad fourth.
CHESTER CUP.-15 to 1 each offered against Wea-
therbit and Sweetmeat, and 20 to 1 taken about Polish.
No change is the Derby.
(RECEIVED THIS DAY.)
NEWMARKET, WEDNESDAY NIGHT.
ENTRIES FOR THURSDAY.
Subscription Plate of 501. D.M.
Ajax, aged—Khorassan, 6 yrs—Jenny Wren, 4 yrs—
Potent, 4 yrs—Sir Francis, 4 yrs—Rowland Hill, 4 yrs—
vShaajernpt-isshsimootoe,r3,
y 3 yrs—rsinroaPietccatilpV3ll3,Ai,tre.sFt.opt,e.3sayurt,s-3
yßrros.tber to
Minotaur, 6 yrs, Bst 121b—Coranna, aged, Bst 101b—So-
rella, 5 yrs, Bst 211—Jenny Wren, 4 yrs, Est 131b—Colleen
Bawn, 4 yrs, Est 81b—Petit Morceau, 4 yrs, 6st 61b.
LATEST BETTING.
_ _

2,000 GUINEAS STAKES.-3 to 1 agsiTom Tulloch-4 to 1
agst lago. _

'CHESTER CUP.-15 to 1 agst Weatherbit-15 to 1 agst
Sweetmeat-20 to 1 agst Polish-40 to 1 agst Magnet-
-40 to 1 agst Crim. Con.-40 to 1 agst Petit Morceau
(t)-
2,000 to 40 agst Connaught Ranger (t).
SOMENSETSEIRE HANDICAP.-5 to 1 agst Lord Saltoun-
6to 1 agst Intrepid-8 to 1 agst Queen of Tyne-10 to 1
agst Giantess (t)-10 to 1 agst Newcourt.
DERBY.-3 to 1 agst Scott's lot-9 to 2 agst Sting-10 to
1 agst Tom Tulloch-16 to 1 agst Brocardo (t)-20 to 1
agst The Traverser (t)-25 to 1 agst lago (t)-30 to 1 agst
Spithead-30 to 1 agst Tibthorpe-30 to 1 agst Humdrum-
-35 to 1 agst Phenericus.

EXCLUSION of FOREIGNERS from the TRADE
and FISHERIES of the DANISH COLONIES in
GREENLAND.

Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade,
Whitehall, April 14, 1846.
Sir,—lt having been notified to her Majesty's Govern-
ment by the Danish Minister at this Court that foreigners
are excluded by the Danish laws from the trade and
fisheries of the Danish colonies in Greenland, I am,
therefore, directed by the Lords of the Committee of
Privy Council for Trade to communicate the same to
you for the information of the Committee for managing
the affairs of Lloyd's, with a view to its being made public.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
(Signed) JOHN LEFEVRE.
Wm. Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's.

DRURY-LANE THEATRE.—The ch arming Anna Thillon
appears here this evening in the character of Catarina in
Auber's opera of Les Diamans de la Couronne--a part she
has made exclusively her own. A huge case of jewellery
was yesterday cleared at the Custom-house, which turned
out to be the veritable " Crown Jewels," manufactured in
Paris, and worn by her on this occasion.
BRinsu SHIPWRECKS.—The National Life Boat So-
ciety estimate, from authentic sources, that the number of
British vessels yearly destroyed by shipwreck is 600, the
value of property about 2,500,0001. sterling, and the number
of lives lost to be about 1,560.
EXTRAORDINARY TROTTING CHALLENGE. A chal-
lenge has been made that an American horse can be produced
to trot the respective distances of seventeen miles, eighteen
miles, and nineteen miles an hour, on three consecutive days,
for a stake of 500 dollars on each day's performance. There
is no instance on record of any horse ever trotting mere than
oislitom Ali* ill one hour

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
P6RTSMOUTII, WEDNESDAY.—The Retribution steam-
frigate, Captain liuskiagton,_catne into harbour from
Spithead yesterday afternoon to clear out previous to
being docked-. This vessel and the Terrible being in
harbour, afforded an' opportunity for inspecting both
vessels too valuable to let slip We accordingly embraced
lit this morning, and we foto( the "man-of-war" quali-
ties of each vessel differed as much as their outward
appearances. In a word, the Terrible is the "man-of-
war ;" she carries upon her upper deck 8 guns, 56
pounders, 11 feet long, and weighing 98 cwt. each ; on
her main deck 8 guns, 68-pounders, 65 cwt. each; 3 boats'•
guns, and 1 field-piece ; total 20, and can stow 520 tons
of coal and three months' provisions with perfect ease.
She is, besides, not less than eight feet between decks.
The Retribution has only 10 guns (so we were informed
to-day on board, nor could we count any more), albeit
a " Naval Officer" has addressed a letter to us com-
plaining of our statement of that among other facts
as incorrect. He says, "In the first place, the. Terrible
only carries 16 guns, as boats' guns do not count; if
they do, the Retribution has 16 also; nor has the Terri-
ble got any of the 112 cwt. guns oir board; the Retribu-
tion has 2. In the second place, the Terrible ilk not ship-
rigged; she is polacca rigged. In the third place, the
Retribution has on board at this moment 579 tons of
coals, &c. The Terrible has only 300 tons of coals on
board." Now, in the first place, the Terrible carries 20
guns; secondly, we should feel greatly obliged if "A
Nava Officer" (?) will inform us bow long polaccas have
had fidded topmasts; and thirdly, the Retribution cannot
carry or stow more than 540 tons of coals. It is true the
Retribution has two 112 cwt. guns; but what are these
in comparison with the Terrible's eight of 98 cwt? The
Retribution's other guns are four 56-pounders and four
24's. She has none upon her main deck, although we
will do her the justice to say we believe she could both
carry and use them in that situation if she tried, and
would not then be so easily canted over as she now is by
.ei between,
a •s eeians
theicslightest inequality of the weights on either side,
which
, his
instead of part inconsequence of all her dead weight being
on deck,
in
n,sueapqnpudoasliedyntot.
aqiuteenracteioonf
willendogwe -pi illace eeboht
torn upons withPe uontthesne
Terrible, which we unhesitatingly
pronounce the finest
and most efficient steam-ship in the world.
The crew of ,the Scourge, steam-bomb vessel, Com-
mander Caffin, were exercised in gunboat practice this
afternoon at Spithead in the paddle-box boats.
The Rodney, 92, Captain Collier, went out of harbour
yesterday to Spithead in most gallant style, under
canvass. A distinguished party, friends of the officers,
went out in her, and partook:of an elegant dejeuner, after
which the festivities were kept up, by dancing and music,
until sunset, when the happy party returned ashore in
the Admiral-Superintendent's yacht.
The Contest, 12, was docked on Monday, to be cop-
pered and completed in fittings for commission.
The Emerald tender returned yesterday morning from
Plymouth with supernumeraries.
The St. Vincent, 120, Captain Sir Richard Grant, is
again " all ataunt," and will be ready to go to Spithead
about the 22d.
The Collingwood, 80, Captain Smart, flag of Rear-
Admiral Sir George Seymour, Commander-in-Chief in
the Pacific, was at Valparaiso, all well, on the 30th of
January. The following extract of a private letter re-
ceived from her yesterday by private ship, will be read
with interest.
" We arrived here (Valparaiso) on Monday morn-
ing, the 29th of December, from Bolabola (one of the
Society Islands, long. 151 43 W., fat. 16 18 S.), which
we left on the 25th of November. The Collingwood is,
in my opinion, a well disciplined and comfortable ship,
although sailors will, at times, be dissatisfied. Our ship
is allowed to be the clipper' of the station, having
sailed with every vessel of the squadron, but been beaten
by none. She is a very good sea boat in bad weather.
We carried away our mainyard in a squall, but, re-
paired it at Valparaiso in July. At Callao we made
every preparation for action, in consequence of the
French President not coming to terms with the Admiral
with regard to the money due to our Government ; but
it was settled without a shot, the Admiral having given
them a longer time to decide. At Owhyee everything
is quiet. The Admiral visited the Burning Mountains
and returned in three days. We did not anchor at
Otaheite, but cruised about for sixteen days, while the
Admiral went into harbour in the Modeste, 18, she
having accompanied us from Callao, with Mr. Prit-
chard on board, bound to the Navigator Islands, as
consul, I believe. At Oahu everything is quiet, and
seems in a thriving condition. King Kahamehameha
111. visited our ship, and was highly delighted
with her, never having seen so large a yes-
sel before. By the way, this island (Oahu) is
under the English protectorate flag. At Catharine
Island there are about twenty male and female natives
comfortably settled, having left Otaheite in consequence
of the disturbances. At Otaheite the natives are en-
camped inland, and will not come to terms with the
French; in fact, if they happen to catch a Frenchman
out of their bounds, they put him immediately to death.
Our admiral gave the ship's company liberty to go
ashore at Otaheite in the day-time, but ordered them
on board by sunset. The French are very strict, and
are building batteries and storehouses fast. They have
given Queen Pomare three months to decide whether
she will accept the French protection and return to Ota-
heite (which she positively refuses at present), when, if
their offer be not in the interim complied with, they in-
tend to take her by force; but that, I conceive, they
will find some difficulty in doing. The admiral has con-
demned the Basilisk ketch, and sold her hull, rigging,
&c., keeping the arms and ammunition on board of us.
At Huaheine the French planted their protectorate flag,
but the natives immediately hauled it down and tore it
into ribbands. Queen Pomare and family are at
Ulietea, quite well; hut she has recently lost one
child, and I am given to understand the Salamader
steam-sloop will take it to Otaheite to have it interred
in the family grave. The French have been per-
suading, and offering presents to the Queen, which
she refuses. At Bolabola the French have blockaded
the port and hoisted their protectorate flag,
which caused the natives to leave their homes and go
inland, but our Admiral persuaded them to return, and
left orders that they are not to be molested by the French
until he received despatches from England. I think the
French are going rather too far. The natives visited our
ship, and were dancing their war-dances the whole of the
afternoon ; they seemed quite grateful to the Admiral
for restoring them to their homes. They detesta French-
man. Our Admiral went to church with Queen Pomare,
and distributed presents to her people ; gave her some
provisions, and told her to wait calmly until be came
again. She puts great dependence on England for pro-
tection. While off Otaheite, we found that our mizen-
mast was rotten ; we have got it out, and the carpenters
are at work about it (being a built' mast it can be re-
paired), and we are refitting with all possible dispatch,
and expect to sail in about a month for Callao, to meet
the fleet, where I expect he (Admiral Seymour) will
come to terms with the President one way or the other.
After that I think we shall go to leeward again, to settle
about Bolabola and the adjacent islands. The Herald
and Pandora are gone to leeward surveying. The Spy
is at Valparaiso, but expects to take the station of the
Basilisk at Oahu. The Salamander is at Bolabola. The
Admiral and family are all well. The Durham store-
ship, with supplies for us, has a great deal of her cargo
damaged by water, having had a bad passage round
Cape Horn."—Times.

THE CONVEYING OF CALVES TO
MARKET.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—The public press affording, in many cases, the
only medium through which attention and reprobation
may be drawn to practices which apparently there are
no other means of preventing or punishing, I hope you will
allow me The use of a brief space in your columns:to
solicit the attention of the public to the very cruel mode
in which the greater part of the calves are conveyed to
the London markets. Crowded into carts, and lying upon
each other, having all their legs tied, with their heads
hanging out, their tongues swollen, their mouths parched
with thirst, they are jolted for many miles, and arrive
at their destination in a state most painful to witness.
As a proof of what they suffer, it is sufficient to state
that it is by no means unfrequent for some of them to die
on the road. Self-interest, which, in the absence of better
motives, generally prevents cruelty being carried to the
extreme, appears frequently, in the case of the poor
calves, to be lost sight of, and I am sure that the ob-
servation of all who have opportunities of witnessing the
cart-loads of calves as they come into town, or in the
markets, will confirm this assertion.
Hoping that, if you permit this to appear, it may be
the means of eliciting some suggestions by, which an
improved and less cruel mode of conveyance may be
attained, I am, Sir, your very obedient servant,
Pall-mall, 15th April, 1846. G. M.

LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE
NORTH-EASTERN RAILWAY, FROM SKIP-
TON TO YORK.

TO TH.kiDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—Knowing so well that you are at all times most
anxious to correct any error that may appear in your
columns, I beg to call your attention to the notice of
various railway and other companies which appeared in
your paper on Monday last, and which you style
" Bubble and Quixotic." In this list, lam surprised to
find the name of the above company. Now, Sir, as a
considerable original shareholder (not scripholder), I
consider that you were not justified in so classifying this
company, and for this reason, that the directors of the
company (with one or two exceptions) are gentlemen
intimately connected with the district, and possessed of
large landed estates ; and that the inhabitants of the
district are most anxious that the railway should be
made, and as a proof that this scheme is neither a bubble
or a Quixotic one, I may state that the greater portion
of this line was proposed to be made by two distinct and
independent existing companies in connexion: with
their own lines,'via., the Leeds and Bradford Extension
Railway Company, and the Leeds and Thirsk Railway
Company, and that they each took the necessary steps
to apply to Parliament, but they withdrew their scheme
in favour of this company, as I understand, because they
considered that the directors of the North-Eastern Com-
pany, having such strong local interest, were the best
fitted to carry out the project which I have every reason
to believe will be one of the best before Parliament—
at least that is my opinion.
I shall feel obliged by ycur inserting this in your
paper.—l am, Sir, your most obAedizt se'
HOLDER.

Manchester, April 15, 1846.
[The notice was copied from a morning paper.—En.
Sun.]

FREAK or FORTUNE.—A poor woman, named Har-
rison, living in Pye-street, Westminster, and who gained a
precarious living by selling Congreve matches and songs, has
within the last few days become possessed of 4501. by the
death, intestate, of an elder brother in Dublin, who would
nvt render her tie oliglatofit wilotaim during hill life.

FREE TRADE IN RELIGION.

The town of Birmingham has been in a state of great
commotion during the last few weeks, in consequence of
a series of what are termed "Revival" meetings, the
scenes at which are of a most extraordinary and unpre-
cedented character. It appears that the Rev. J. Caughey,
a minister in connexion with the Wesleyan Episcopal
Church in America, commenced these meetings about
three months ago, in one of the Wesleyan chapels, and
that the effects of his preaching were such as to excite
members of his audience, chiefly females, to an extent
bordering on distraction. The notoriety of the preacher,
and the scenes that occurred, drew immense crowds, and
for sixty successive night the spacious chapel in Cherry-
street was not only filled, but hundreds had to turn away
from the doors for want of room within. The reverend
gentleman has now changed the scene of his labours,
having this week commenced another course of meet-
ings in a different part of the town. The same results
have followed as at the previous meetings, and no
pen can -describe what these results really are.
Some idea of the character of the sermon, however,
may be formed from a brief account of what oc-
curred on Sunday. After a short sermon in the morn-
ing or a practical kind, but chiefly remarkable for the
declamatory character of the style, those who " were
seeking salvation" were incited to attend the meeting in
the afternlon. At this service preparations were made to
assist all who might go forward in their inquiries and as-
pirations by about thirty lay and clerical preachers, who
had previously taken their place within the altar there
for that purpose.
Mr. Caughey now invited the inquirers to come for-
ward to the altar, and " when they were saved, others
would have the opportunity of taking their -place." A
good many, principally females, at once obeyed the call,
and then commenced a scene of the most maniacal-like
description which can possibly be conceived. The ex-
hibition of the unknown tongues was nothing in com-
parison with it. Some were sighing, others crying—
some ejaculating scripture phrases with great violence of
speech and gesture—and some, again seemed absorbed in
a rhapsody of silent devotion. As they knelt round the
altar, almost every inquirer had one, if not more, of these
spiritual advisers kneeling before her, in close conversa-
tion • while others, less devotedly engaged, exclaimed,
" The work goes on ! the work goes on ?" By and by
several of these most strongly affected were removed into
the vestry, where they were attended by Mr. Caughey's as-
sistants ; but two worshippers, a man and his wife, clung
to the
ariinadirl
Around
tio
non
dft
continued
htuheeedsaeil
nt aprtehr was
oti tnhrs saaoi
btnioiouentth
forinn g
dfolnizkl
el eyn ahyadeath fioransrp,
ministers were grouped ; one planted himself on his
veh hferrontto. obfel
itehvee, wfiorms
ta non,
eanadndwthheilne
kneeseinnatmlyeedniatrteelag Ytinin
another of the congregation fell on his knees, and in a
state of the greatest excitement continued in prayer ;
others were singing, and just as the noise began to quiet
a little, the person in front of the woman stood up and
cried out, " Glory ! glory ! she believes," when the
whole assembly within the altar rails burst forth in a
strain of the wildest acclamation—" Glory ! glory
Hallelujah Amen." In the midst of this melee, Mr.
fromCau h
g hteye 1p
, wphuohit, walkedadbeenquietly
down,ov and taking h
overlooking theexihsibpiticeiaon.
by the side of the distressed woman, told the audience
that she would " get saved that afternoon. The voice
of God had said so to him, and as her husband had
got saved last week, he was now wrestling in ,prayer
that his wife might get saved too." Again the young
man already referred to got up, and exclaiming
" She's saved !" the whole chorus, in the most frantic-
like manner, burst forth afresh in the exclamation
" Glory! glory !.." This was too much for human nature.
The poor woman now completely broke down, the blood
seemed dancing in every vein of her head, and when
about to leave the altar she fell into the arms of her hus-
band in an almost lifeless state. In this condition she
was taken to the vestry, accompanied by the young men
who surrounded her, and the door was shut. In the
evening Mr. Caughey preached from the text, '• This
year thou shalt die;' and after assuring tho audience
that he had been commissioned by the Lord to warn
some in that assembly that this year they must die,
.tThel
oa
same
ae
hadm det hbt ezt before.particulars of the cases which had illustrated
the truth of his divine commission, when preaching on
alarmed T
The one -ears
tthat
eorf
mita g e,n ttlheamt ahne,
told his wife " that he could stand it no longer;" went
home, had just time to say he had insured his life for a
thousand pounds; that he had his soul also insured in
heaven, and died. The other was that of a poor man in
York, who, after the service, said to his wife that he had
no doubt but that year he should die as Mr. Caughey
had told him ; and in less than ten days he was
found by a gentleman passing by the wayside, resting
on a bed of chaff, and uttering the words "God have
mercy on me," and he died. The effect of these anecdotes,
as told by the speaker, was such that but few people of
weak minds could withstand them ; and when the
speaker had worked the feelings of his audience to the
highest pitch of excitement, there was enough in the
scene to drive even wise men mad. Having requested
the gas-keeper not to turn on the gas till he gave orders
for it, the sepulchral-like gloom, as night came down,
was made a gnat deal of. This period was devoted to
the exereire of devotion, in which the speaker called upon
all who were impressed to follow him in his vow to " re-
nounce the world, the devil, and the flesh ;" and after a
while the gas was turned on, when a shout of exultation,
praising God that he had illumined at the same time the
minds of the people present, closed this service. Then
followed a repetition of the scenes enacted in the after-
noon, and, we believe, with the same or similar effects.
From this description of these meetings, does it not ap-
pear remarkable that with all our boasted intelligence,
there should still be so much superstition and prejudice
amongst the people ? It is no defence of these unnatural
and unseemly exhibitions to say, that the chief actors are
sincere, nor that in many instances good has thus been
done. That may be quite true ; but sincerity, without
reason and intelligence to guide and control it, is a mo-
tive that as readily impels to evil as to good.—Chronicle.

SERIOUS AND FATAL ACClDENT.—Yesterday after.
noon an accident resulting in the death of one individual
and the maiming of another, took place near the Marsh-
gate, Lambeth. It appears that a female, named Hayson,
with her child in her arms, was being driven in her own
chaise cart, when by some mismanagement it came into
violent collision with a waggon that happened to be passing
at the time. The shock was so great that it precipitated
Mrs. Hayson, with her child underneath the waggon, when
one of the wheels passed over one of the mother's legs,
crushing it in a dreadful manner, while another passed over
the child, an infant about four months old, and killed it on the
spot. Mrs. Hayson was immediately removed to the nearest
hospital in a state of great bodily and mental suffering.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT ON THE CROYDON ATMOS-,
PHERIC RAILWAY.—On Monday last a singular occurrence
transpired on the above line of railway. During one of those
pelting showers which have lately been so prevalent, the
labourers employed on the works have had on certain parts
of the line no shelter, consequently they have been frequently
drenched with rain, which has greatly inconvenienced them
in their labour. It is well known that the tubes on the line
are about twelve inches in diameter, and that they are con-
structed with a groove or slit at the top, which aperture is
cemented by tallow and wax to render the valve air-tight.
Shortly after the down train had passed the station near the
Dartmouth Arms, one of the labourers was non est inventus.
The rain was descending in torrents, and the other men
supposed that their companion had left the line for
shelter. After the cessation of the rain, however, as he
did not make his appearance, the circumstance created
some surprise, but the workmen continued their labour until
they were interrupted by faint cries, which seemed to pro-
cetd from one of the atmospheric tubes lying en the side of
the rails. On approaching the tube from which the sounds
emanated, great was the astonishment of the men on per-
ceiving the extremities of a man protruding from the aper-
ture of the metal, at the same time hearing moans and cries
for help. It appeared that the shower had induced the man
to enter this most extraordinary shelter, and having
unable
to in squeezing himself in with difficulty, he
.was cries lln i
for
to withdraw himself from the pipe, and hence
. h
the man was drawn forth
with the melted tallow.
completely senseless and dripping
respiratory organs had effected
faosrsisstnamnece.timTel:ewmheenn tautggleeci7lB.ldpulled withalltzbeir might
The heat of his body and d
wouldsatu-
rated !
have Had
almost
been
ffo
leftcated
muchan longer,coinpleltiefley
been extinct. The man is exceedingly attenuated,
therefore he succeeded in entering this novel kind of shelter
hisdewlivitehragnrcease,
ew.heHn
aa
from the weather.

CHILD MURDER.—Monday Mr. Wakley, M.P., held
an inquest at the Castle Inn, Notting-hill, on the body of a
newly-born female child, which was found on the afternoon
of Thursday last, in a pond, near the Prince of Wales, public-
house, tied up in a bundle. Mr. Barnes, surgeon, of Notting-
hill, stated at the inquest that the deceased had been born
alive, and probably lived about four or five hours. There
were no marks of external violence on the body to account
for death, neither had he, from the internal examination,
been able to find any cause for death. The Coroner said
there were many modes of causing death in an infant,
without any external marks being visible, and the jury re-
turned a verdict of " Wilful murder against some person or
persons unknown."

_
BITTER ALE.—I do not know whether the following
is the recipe for Bass's pale ale or not, but it is quite as good.
To make 100 gallons, use nine bushels of malt, or ten if
strength is desired, 23 to 271bs. Kentish hops, according to
the required degree of bitterness, three pounds of camomile
flowers, stewed in a jar and strained. Put the camomile
flowers and the hops in at the same time. Boil the malt
and water till the liquor begins to fine itself, and that is the
time to add the hops and flowers.—Correspondent of Gar..
dener's Chronicle.
A boar hunt took place on the 6th instant, in the
forest of Ermenonville, in which the Duke de Nemours and
the Prince de Joinville took part. An enormous wild bear,
after having received a ball from the rifle of M. Audry, the
head keeper of the Duke d'Aumale, was killed by the Prince
de Joinville. The horse of one of the aides-de-camp of the
Duke de Nemours was wounded in the leg by the Animal's
tusk.
Tuesday the annual Easter horse and beast fair__ we asmorning,
BASINGSTOKE FAT STOCK AND HORSE FAIR'-heTdOinn
the "Fair Close," at the back of the ttohwens.uppTty
(particu-
larly fine, brought many buyers,
good soon found a ready sale; by two
of fat beasts) being shorter
remunerating prices. The sheep
ffs qualityFepraaet dr pt,
iogsrealisedfosmtmheaeleft
d eco lastiutoshne:
changed hands at good and
early
in the day, at full 20
and lambs were nearly all Bold a tnhduon, c 1
ock usual,
nearly everything
all
h act
fetchedgood prices •
ht and nag horses prices , m-
ferioryear. Good draught
score,plgs the supply
oseaw manyie same
ianblsteoh.owi s , 8
,C. ,
ones and ponies
for keeping,
uppertoceinots..
6d. better
per
a I,
li tohousantndustnnh;
unsold.
fair unsold, the season_ being .
being above
driven
In,
ea
yweasyterday, while collecting
rttohr wye
made ne
s demand;
ca from
pl ye
oa9 of Using
m.baetaionncygl9os:be,
e6.urdrei.Seddtproiaerl
Two boys, eleven and nine years of age, had a nar-
row
on Blackheath, by a quantity of loose sand giving way,
and falling upon them. They were with some difficulty ex-
tricated, without having sustained much damage.
NORTHERN RAILWAYS. We understand that the
Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin Company offered to amalgamate
with the Great North Company, and that the line to be
adopted should be fixed by three eminent engineers. This
offer has been declined, on the ground, we believe, of the
alleged superiority of the latter line. The Aberdeen, Banff,
and Elgin Company have exhibited a very accommodating
spirit, so far as to avoid the expense of a Parliamentary con-
test. They are, however, prepared to maintain the sup..
riority of the coat line.— Scottish Railway Gautge,

GLEANINGS from the AMERICAN
PAPERS.
(From the Albany Citizen of Saturday.)
HORRIBLE BUTCHERY!

Utica, Friday Morning, March 13, 1846.

We learn this morning, by Frink, conductor,
from Auburn, that the house of Mr. Van Ness, a farmer
and supervisor of the town of Fleming, on Owasco
four miles from Auburn, was entered last night, about
half past nine o'clock, by some one in the disguise of a
negro, and Mr. Van Ness, his wife, and child were
stabbed by the villain, and are dead. His mother-in-
law and hired man were also stabbed, but are still living.
No further particulars are known, and no cause assigned
for the act.
It is reported that Mrs. V. N. ran about sixty rods,
when her bowels gushed out, and she fell dead. -Ix. V.,
it is said, attempted to go up stairs for his gun, and fell
dead; the child, about two years old, was torn open from
its shoulder entirely across its abdomen. The hired
man succeeded in keeping him off with the broomstick,
and saved his own life and that of Mr. V.'s mother-in
law, but he is badly wounded.
It is said the murderer took the road to Auburn, near
which place one of Mr. V. N's. horses was found, bearing
evident signs of having been hard ridden.
The murderer of the Van Ness family was taken at
Fulton, Oswego county, and is in the custody of the
Sheriff. We understand that he acknowledges the deed.
Me was at Syracuse Friday morning. He hitched his
horse on the north side of the canal, and was on the
steps of the Syracuse House when the cars came out
from Syracuse. He went to Fulton, where he offered to
sell his horse to the tavern keeper, V. Low ; this caused
a suspicion that the horse was stolen, avid soon after he
left he was pursued on this suspicion and taken.
bears the marks of the blow received from Van Arsdale.
We learn that Mrs. Wykoff and Van Arsdale aces
till
alive (Friday evening).
ATTEMPT TO KlLL.—Manuel Sainz dela Maza, a
bar-keeper at the Brilliant Coffee-house, on the corner
of Marais and Customhouse streets, was arrested yes-
terday afternoon for having stabbed with a knife one
Edward Ennis, with an attempt to kill him. This affray
occurred in the coffee-house above-named on the even-
ing of the 4th instant. The man was so badly cut that
his blood was traced the next morning from the house
to Canal-street, across which he has been taken to the
Charity Hospital, and where he has been ever since in a
critical state, but now out of danger.—lV. 0. Delta, Bth
instant.

MURDER.—We regret to learn that a murder was
committed in the neighbourhood of Dukedom, Weekly,
county Tenesse, on Monday last. An affray took place
between‘Dr.Wilson and a man named Roberts, in which
Roberts was stabbed with a dirk and killed instantly.
Wilson did not attempt to escape, but was under guard
awaiting the action of an examining court.—Louisville
Journal, Monday.
The Richmond Compiler mentions the death in Cum-
berland county (Va) of Syfax Brown, aged one hundred
and fifteen years, four months, and five days. He was
for many years the slave and personal servant of the
late John Randolph, Esq., of Mattaox, father of the late
John Randolph, of Itonoake.
REMARKABLE ESCAPE AND PRESENCE OF MIND.— '
As Mrs. Patterson, of this city, was crossing the rail-
road bridge, just south of Asylum-street, last Monday
morning, the train of cars from Springfield came down
and nearly overtook her before she noticed them, when,
in attempting to get off the track, at the south end of
the bridge, she stumbled and fell, and not having suffi-
cient time to get upon the outside of the track before the
cars overtook her, she had the remarkable presence of
mind to arrange herself between the rails, with her
face and person close to the ground, and also to untie
her bonnet string, when the whole train passed imme-
diately over her without causing her the least injury—
except a horrible fright.—Hartford Cour., Saturday.
AN ELOPEMENT.—In consequence of fair promises of
marriage, a young lady of Cabotville, Mass., (a manu-
facturing town on the line of the Boston and Albany
Railroad), was induced to elope with a young man at
that place. They took " French leave," and went
straight on to Buffalo as fast as the steam-horse could

whirl them there. On their arrival in that city the;
took rooms at one of the first hotels, and the young man
told the all-unsuspecting girl that he had sent out for
minister, who would soon tie their destinies together in the
" hard knot," of matrimony. But then, poor creature,
came a bitter disappointment—a destruction of the
airy castle hope had built. Under this comforting assu-
rance, and taking advantage of her confidence in the
near approach of the consummation of all her fondest an-
ticipations and brightest dreams, the faithless villain
attempted to accomplish the ruin of the fair girl, whose
affections ho had won, and who had given convincing
proof of her attachment to him, and reliance on his pro •
raises. But the fellow was baulked in his infamous do-
sign. The vigorous resistance of the poor girl and her
cries for help brought assistance ere her strength fail«l
her. The landlord burst into the room, and soon
received a frank and honest statement of all the
circumstances from the girl. His measures were
quickly taken. At his request the weeping girl
left the room. Then locking the door, he said to the
faithless, heartless, fellow :—" Now, you contemptible
scoundrel, bring to me all your baggage, and open it."
The command was obeyed. " Now," he added, " strip
yourself of all your outer garments and hand them to
me." This order was also obeyed. He then searched"
his truck and pockets, and taking therefrom all the money
that he could find, amounting to about sixty dollars, 11.-
returned to the fellow his clothes and baggage, and when
he had dressed, gave him a hint to leave the house, that
he was not slow to take. He then gave the girl all the
money, and putting her in the safe charge of a Friend,
sent her home to Cabotvilie. He has since received
leer from her, thanking him heartily, in the name of
herself and her parents, for i is timely aid in rescuing her
so eifectually from an unmitigated villain. The land-
lord has his reward. We trust the false•hearted reducer
will receive the fail punishment his villany merits.—
Albany Citizm.

AN IMMENSE STICK OF TIMBER.—A twenty-horse
team, drawing an immense stick of timber surmounted
by the " stars and stripes," attracted general attention
in our streets on Thursday. It was owned by William
Howell, and is to be sawed into boat timber. It mea-
sured 423 feet in the butt, and 22.3 feet at the top. It
was 63 feet in length, and contained 620 cubic feet. Its
total weight was no less than l9i tons—the heaviest
stick of timber probably ever drawn to the city. It
was drawn ten miles by Pike and Ellis, and is chiefly
designed for the yard of Messrs. 11., at Buffalo.—Ro-
chester Democrat.

COMMERCIAL HOTELS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—Permit me to suggest, through your columns,
to the proprietors of commercial hotels throughout the
kingdom, as an addition to the comfort of their hce,t
customers, to furnish the commercial room with a small
library. Bo; in his description of the commercial room,
makes it appear a very uncomfortable, because a non-
intellectual-looking place. Geoffrey Crayon, in hi,
sketch book, not much better. The occupants have of
a verity the best of everything the larder can afford ;
the attendance, too, is faultless, but, behold the com-
mercial room !—a map of the country, a framed and var-
nished printed list of the directors of the National and
Mercantile Provident Society, decorate the else bare
walls, and a bat' ered Directory, is all that is to be seen
connected with letters. This is the rule—a rule with
very few exceptions. It may be advanced, that people
out o business have no time to read books ; this, Sir,
as you will readily suppose, would be indeed a great
fellaoy. Few of us are so constantly engaged through-
eut the days of summer and winter but then; are hours
when to devise the best method of killing the time is a
consideration. Indeed, I venture to assert, that there
is not a sixteenth part of the commercial body who have
not sufficient spare time to dip into a volume. Granted,
that there is a sixteenth pert who cannot command any
time, the remaining part possessing it, why should they
not have the means of so agreeably and profitably em-
ploying their leisure ?
It may again
be advanced, that the reading man may
either take a book with him on his journey, or, at all
.rary events, supply himself by sending to some circulating
inli the town he may be sojourning in. It must be,
however, self-evident that both alternatives are attended
with great objections. ilthefirit place, he who would
carry sufkient reading for his
portmanteau with volumes ; injottle se rney must fill his
every country-town which boasts a circneloattld, it is not
and fewer where books above the standardortgheliliibirvaerryva;
Press are kept.
I write this, Sir, in one of the most popular commercial
rooms In this part of the country, allowed universally
to be one of the best houses on the road, and
yet, beyond a Directory, there is not a book
in the room, whilst the Times and The Sun of
Saturday last, lying on the table, have been spelled over
and over again. We shall not receive the Times until
to-night, The Sun to-morrow morning—how desirable
a few books or magazines would be! Yesterday was
Sunday; 'twas fine, we could get out and walk; but,
Sir, all Sundays are not fine, and to be imprisoned
within four brick walls all clay, with so little to fall
back upon as we in our rooms possess, is anything but
pleasant. Besides, if commercial rooms were to be pro-
vided with books, would it not be a step in the right di-
rection, in support of our country's literature?
I have hastily thrown these remarks together as sug-
gestions to the proprietors of commercial hotels through-
out the kingdom; actuated also by a conviction that a
library in the commercial room is a great desideratum;
and also from the fact of the same opinion being uni-
versally entertained by the commercial men of the pre-
sent day, who may be justly called a new generation of
reading men.—ln haste you Ars,
COMMERCIAL MAN.
Newark, Monday, April 13.

;
EXPORT OF HORSES.—Twenty-six useful mares and
_
geldings were shipped on Saturday last by Mr. Riby :Nchol-
son, from the White Horse Inn stables, per the Rob Roy,
Captain Knocker, for Hamburgh. Twenty mares and geld-
ings,_on purchasea in the metropolitan markets, by v
M.
Sachs, of Berlin, mad brought to Hull on Friday last by the,
London steamer, were re shipped on Tuesday from Smith's
Black Horse stables on board the Leeds, Captain Mowle, for
Hamburgh. Two entire horses, two mares, and two geldings
selected by Mr. Scholefield, of Faxfleet, for Mr. Straus, of
Vienna, were also shipped from the Paragon stables, perthe
Rob Roy, for Hambnrgh.—Hun Packet.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—ALL HEAVY, SLEEPY, DROWSY,
AND APOPLECTIC SYMPTOMS IMIILDTATELY REMOVED BY ROLLO.
WAY'S YlLLS.—Titere is often much danger to be apprehended from
attacks of paralysis or apoplexy, whenever any of the foregoing
Sy
.ptoms hang about the system for any length of time. Such a
.1\ Inta% edthtno indicates much derangement of the stomach and liver,
„., and clearly demonstzttes a great want of purity in the blood. when
`. ttilsis the ease( hot a moment should be lost in taking a few strong
P. dotes tof these celebrated pills, which so thoroughly cleanse the
"".• bowers and sternagh, \ while they act upon the liver and other
f?- organs. and thus reatta the blood to its pristine purity.—Sold at
ProfessorFielloway'sHstabLishment, 244, Strand, London, and by
e' all medicine sellers thrtighout the civilised world.
'.c GREAT SCULL.Zit'S MATCH FOR 200 L—The trial of
ss. aquatic skill behyten Robert Newell, of London, and H.
Clasper, of-Newcattle, is fixed to come off ou the 22d of
"June, ofl the Lifer Tyne, Newcastle.

COMMERCE OF THE CAPE
WITH MONTE VIDEO.
The following is from the Cape Shipping and Mercan-
tile Gazette, of the 30th January:—
" It has often struck us that our common ial relations
might be profitably extended to other p rts of South
America beside the Brazils, and it is therefore with
peculiar satisfaction that we refer to the fiilowing notice
which appeared in yesterday's Gone; nmeht Gazette, in-
viting a direct trade with the Rio Plata:—
"`His Excellency `;tl:oCoGloonviearin-ooffir,ceh, Jayainng. 2rBc,c
el
iBv4e6.
d .a
letter, of which the following is a copy, from her
Bri-
tannic Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary in the River
Plate, has desired it to be published for general in-
formation.

" By his Excellency's command,
" JAMES MONTAGU, Secretary to Government.'
" Monte Video, 23rd Dec. 1845.
is highly desirable, especially at this
moment, that commercial intercourse should be esta-
blished between this capital and the Cape of Good Hope.
In consequence of the siege, which has lasted three
years, and of the blockade by General Rosas for nearly
as long a time, and the constant state of warfare in which
the Government of Buenos Ayres has kept these states,
all agricultural pursuits have been interrupted, and little
or no produce can be procured from the interior. We
are obliged to draw our supplies from Brazil, the United
States, and Europe. The demand for provisions would,
therefore, at present secure a profit for the ex-
portation from the Cape, of salt beef, pork, wheat,
potatoes, yam, &c., and, in short, whatever article of
food. the colony produces, and that will bear the voyage.
"' All sorts of dried fruits and grain, barley, oats, peas,
beans, hay, &c., would well repay the cost of conveyance
hither.

" A small quantity of the best wine might find a sale;
but salted or dried is always in great, demand, as also
butter and lard.

" If it meet your Excellency's views to encourage
this commerce, I venture to suggest that every facility
be afforded3to the master of the William Peile, Mr.
Joseph Sprott, and should his vessel require repair, that
assistance be afforded, if possible, at the Government
wharfs or docks. Probably, the arrival of this vessel
at the Cape might induce shipowners to send vessels
hither on speculation. They would, also, probably find
passengers from hence, on their return to the Cape of
Good Hope.
" At the present moment, horses might find sale
here ; gunpowder, ammunition, and military accoutre-
ments certainly would. Possibly East India produce
would also be in request.
I take the liberty of recommending to your Ex-
cellency's protection and good offices this commence-
ment of a direct commercial intercourse between the
Rio Plata and the Cape of Good Hope. It would be
highly beneficial to Monte Video at this moment, and I
cannot but think might become highly advantageous to
the colony.—l have the honour to be,
" Sir, your obedient servant,
" W. G. OUSELEY.

" To Sir Peregrine Maitland,' &c.
"We trust that our enterprising merchants will,
without loss of time, avail themselves of this oppor-
tunity to extend the colonial trade in the southern
hemisphere by the opening of this new market. We
hope, as one of the advantages resulting therefrom, to
see wenerally introduced and domesticated in Southern
Africa that valuable animal \the alpaca. On these and
other benefits likely to result from the new field for
commercial intercourse we shall make it a point to en-
large hereafter.
" The William Peile also brought to Port Elizabeth
93 emigrants, who, being principally mechanics, were
fast finding employment.
" Since the foregoing was in type an advertisement
has already been handed to us for insertion, announcing
the schooner Swiftshure as having been chartered for
Monte Video. Having most of her cargo engaged, she
will be immediately despatched for the Rio Plata."

RUSSIAN OPINIONS OF SIR R
PEEL'S FREE-TRADE POLICY.
We subjoin the following article, copied from the
St. Petersburgh Commercial Gazette, on the subject of Sir
R. Peel's measures, and the consequences to be expected
therefrom. Coming from such a quarter, it is highly im-
portant, as an exponent of the fiscal views entertained
by the large and influential body of merchants and traders
which the journal before us professes to represent :
" As the measures of finance which Sir Robert Peel
has announced in the English Parliament, and which,
from his great influence, will no doubt be adopted, even
if a few unessential modifications era introduced, must
lay the foundation of a new epoch in the trade of Poland,
and generally in the whole commercial world, it may not
appear inopportune if we devote, in the first instance, a
few preliminary remarks to this system of duties. The
assertion which we have already expressed in this journal
(some few years since), and which was also transferred
from this to others, that no concessions were to be
made to England in order to induce her to effect a re-
duction of duties on corn and other articles of provi-
sion, as she would be sooner or later compelled to do so
for the sake of her own interest, now receives the fullest
confirmation.
" England feels that she has arrived at a point where,
if she does not procure subsistence for her working
classes at a far more reasonable rate, it will become still
more difficult for her t 3 maintain a competition with other
countries, and this conviction must necessarily result in
the adoption of the new measures of finance. If these,
however, are in the highest degree conformable with the
designs of England, they cannot, Revertl'eless, be so un-
conditionally and generally recommended, as the public
journals will have it, to other countries, which find them-
selves in wholly different circumstances. England, after
attaining a commercial eminence which towers far above
all other countries, casts away the ladder by which she
has climbed to it. Were other nations, which have not
yet attained this Alpine altitude, to throw away their
ladders also, they would certainly never reach the
same elevation. The most immediate great results of
the English measures will be, in the first instance,
a favouring of the trade and agriculture of the other
countries of the world ; but, on the other hand, a
powerful depression of their manufacturing industry.
An almost total freedom from taxation of all
natural products must infinitely animate trade simultane-
ously with the culture of the soil from which they spring
forth, and secure for them a richer, and consequently a
more remunerating return, in the prices of their produce.
By means of the more reasonable prices of provisions,
the English manufactures of all sorts will become im-
mensely cheaper, and thence their productions, as well
as the population thereby employed will rapidly increase.
This, and the simultaneously increasing, and now already
.Ir:exampled prosperity of the country, must also extra-
ordinarily enlarge the consumption of all natural produce.
" W holly different, on the contrary, will be the effect
of these financial measures on the manufacturing indus-
try of foreign countries. If it has been already difficult
hitherto for the majority of their different branches to
maintain a competition with England, it is certain that
the difficulty will become far greater--ay, and for a time
impossible—especially in those states which have only
recently trodden the path of manufacturing industry in
a larger proportion.
" Their manufacturing industry will thenceforth stand
in the utmost need of every favour which can in any
way be afforded it. As a means the following seems
here to offer themselves to us:—the utmost possible fa-
cilitation and extension of their circle of operations, their
especial promotion in the locality which presents the
most favourable prospect to each individual branch, or
has already by experience given proof of its advantages ;
more attention to intensive than to extensive encourage-
ment, and thence also an especial support of those
manufacturers who most advantageously distinguish
themselves in their craft, and whose factories may be
looked upon as effective model institutions ; great
r attention to every foreign and really improving manu-
facturing invention, its introduction and appropriation to
the utmost possible extent throughout the land, as also
the animation, promotion, and spread of the mechanical
and chemical sciences and arts of design, and their or-
naments, and refining application to the process of ma•
nufacture. We shall, perhaps, find an opportunity of
entering into further details on this subject. It will now
be sufficient merely to point out these means, their ge-
neral features, and to excite the most serious reflection
on the part of all those who are employed in manufac-
tures, or who are connected in any way with them,
upon the precautions to be taken on their side, and the
thi,n,gl s
courset
istoe
of
circumstances.
n thatosnteces.
under
the present newly shaped
y must devote the greatest i
ac-
tivity and the most circumspect and refined artstii
industry if they do not intend to stand still, but te:acl-
vance with the most rapid perfection possible in all
directions, in order to appropinquate to foreign ma-
nufactures in good quality and price, and at length
to equal them, in the shortest space of time. If their
prices continue too high with regard to foreign
countries, and if their premiums on the use of fo-
reign wares become too tempting, their productions can-
not eventually be secured by any support, any favour,
or any protection whatsoever, against the disadvantage
of a greatly extended, and, under such circumstances,
not to be suppressed, smuggling trade. We may ad-
vise the agriculturists to take the utmost possible advan-
tage of the present favourable conjuncture, by the
amelioration, so necessary for our country, of the cul-
tivation of the soil, and its thereby increased produce ;
for the favourable moment cannot last for ever. The
temptation will also increase the cultivation of the soil
in other lands, and the competition for importation to
England thence arising will soon limit the profits that
will accrue in the first instance.
" This sure prospect also makes it advisable for them
to refuse, on their side, all foreign goods and other
manufacturing produce, and thus to support the do-
mestic manufactures to the utmost extent of their power.
The increase of the population and the well-being of
their native country may then insure them, in this very
thing, a good custom, and one not so exposed to the
disadvantageous conjunctures of the world ; but, above
all, it may become highly advantageous, by means of
the inestimable profits of a near and flourishing market
for the domestic consumers, and the sale of a host of
their smaller, safe, and yet, in a dense population, very
profitable productions.
mchaywethceaynnroetmteomo im-
pbwearrmthlayt,as
we believe
time shown,toanthe advancingbig h er
re"ssTuhpisonisthaeirrehineaarrkts.wh
i
wme
prices, which uhs at vbee
paalriedafdoyr
soofmt e
en
inland trade,
wforbiietsb oawfnampielcyugliiavresprofit,
theis
ijustuitialitlieoeut the
apprentice feer
other education of their members, whereby, however,
not only a better position is attained by them infuture,
but an advantage assured besides, far exceeding the ex-
pense."

A few days ago a gentleman in Lincoln entered the
matrimonial state a second time, after being a lorn widower
fur eight weeks. On the happy day, grief for his departed
spouse wa3 revived by receiving a Court of Requests BUM-
moms for the cost of her coffin !

A lIINDOO GENTLEMAN ON
ENGLISH RAILWAYS.
You doubtless have heard and read of railways, though
perhaps you cannot form any conception of them. It
was on this occasion that I for the first time travelled by
one a distance of two hundred miles. But how shall I
describe it to you? If I had the words I have not the
knowledge; I scarcely know what happened to myself,
much less could I take any observations of the mechanism
of this wonderful piece of machinery. As.soon as I got
to the starting place I found myself amongst a crowd of
persons of all kinds, talking, hallooing, pushing, and all
seeming in the utmost state of confusion and excitement.
I thought some serious accident had happened, and
whilst I was vainly trying to gain information my lug-
gage was seized by some men whom I at first imagined
to be robbers, but afterwards found to be only porters,
and I was forced into a carriage, the door of which was
instantly fastened upon me. Before I could remonstrate
on this violence the train started off, and I therefore re-
signed myself quietly to my fate. Soon we were rush-
ing on like the wind in its fury. As I looked out upon
the road my head grew dizzy, my eyes dim, my senses
were utterly bewildered, and I hid my face in my hands
to recover myself. When I again looked up, we were
flying onwards at a still greater speed;—the birds in
their swiftest flight, the scud in the heavens, the comet
shooting amidst boundless space, seemed sluggish in
comparison with our furious, headlong travelling. The
sun was shining brightly upon a beautiful soft landscape
peculiar to this country, my nerves were beginning to
get reconciled to the unusual circumstances, and I even
felt a sort of pleasurable excitement, a species of mad-
ness, a reckless desire for greater and still greater speed;
when suddenly, as if by magic, we were cast into utter
darkness, not a ray of light was perceptible; I felt., how-
ever, that we were still rushing through the air at the
same furious pace as before—whither I knew not, unless
into the very bowels of the earth; on, on we sped;
minutes, hours, seemed to pass, and yet no change; I
thought I was doomed to be whisked through dark space
for ever and ever, when we were again suddenly thrown
into the bright light of the sun. In answer to my be-
wildered inquiries, I was told that we had merely passed
through a tunnel or passage of three or four miles in
length, cut through a hill, which was too high for the
train to surmount; and that, instead of having been
hours in the transit, we had been but a few minutes.
What a wonderful people are the English! Here was a
stupendous work, a combination of science and labour,
performed at immense cost—and for what purpose? I
asked a fellow-passenger who sat near me, whether
the road could not have been taken round the foot of
the bill, at much less labour and expense. " Certainly it
could," he replied, " and for about one-half the money,
but then we should have lost full ten minutes on the
journey." All this science, this labour, this money, ex-
pended to save ten minutes in a journey of two hundred
miles! Truly, the English are a wonderful people;
they have a proverb that time is money, and, certainly,
although they are very fond of money, they seem to
think quite as much of time. It is a sort of phantom
that they are always pursuing; they talk of saving time
as if they could lock it up in a strong box, and keep it
there for use on some future occasion; want of time is
as general a complaint as want of money; and to cheat
a person of one is looked upon as great a crime as cheat-
ing him of the other, as may be seen by the constant
complaints in their newspapers against railways and
steam-vessels which have been a little longer en their
passage than the regulated time. We stopped at various
stations to put down and take up passengers; and at one
place everybody got out of the carriages in order to eat
and drink. There was here quite a rush into a large
handsome room, where tables were covered with a profu-
sion of various kinds of food, which everybody scram-
bled at, and began to devour as if they were in a starving
condition. While I was gazing in wonder at this scene,
and just as I was endeavouring to find something that
I could myself eat, there was a loud announcement that
the train was again ready to start; and, accordingly, out
everybody rushed, carrying me along with them. I was
obliged to pay the same as the others, although I had
eaten nothing; but I could not remonstrate, or the car-
riages would have gone without me. I understood that
not long since fifteen minutes' time was permitted for
this meal, but upon many of the passengers complain-
ing of the loss of time, it was reduced to eight minutes.
W soon arrived at our destination, after having per-
formed the journey at the rate of 35 miles an hour,
which I heard a fellow-passenger complain of as being
very slow, saying that he had lost twenty minutes, and
threatening to write to the newspapers about it. As to
myself, I was thankful to arrive safe, as I was in con-
stant fear, from the excessive speed, that we should
be all dashed to pieces. My kind host having sent a
carriage to meet me at the end of the railroad, I was
soon comfortably at rest in his magnificent mansion.—
Union Magazine.

BURNT CLAY AS A MANURE FOR
HEAVY CLAY LAND.
Several accounts of the good effect of burnt clay as a
manure have appeared in this journal: having used it
with success, I am induced to add my own testimony in
its favour, chiefly on account of the very bad quality of
the land on which it succeeded. It is a farm of about
500 acres, which I bought about seven years since, on
the Oxford clay, of the very stiffest description, never
ploughed with I!ss than four, sometimes with five or
even six horses. The :oil was like bird-lime in wet
weather, and in dry summers like stone, requiring a pick-
axe to break it. Many of the fields might be described
as being all subsoil, there being no real mould on the
surface. The average yield of wheat did not exceed
sixteen bushels an acre, and on some fields
the thistles were more numerous than the stalks of
wheat. It had the worst possible character, so that even
in 1839, when prices were good, many farmers who
looked at the farm declined to occupy it, and I had great
difficulty in finding a tenant at all. Having bought the
farm, however, chiefly because it is the most difficult
sort of land to manage (said, indeed, to defy improve-
ment), in order to try what could be made of it, as Lord
Ducie and Mr. Morton have done at Whitfield with so
much success, I underdrained the whole, in the first
instance at 10 feet apart, but now at 30 f..et apart, and
34 inches in depth. In order to make the land work
more easily, I procured from Essex some labourers con-
versant with the mode of burning clay which is there prac-
tised. Into the details of that process I need not enter, as
excellent accounts of it have been given in this journal by
Mr.. Pym (vol. iii. p. 226, and by Mr. Ila,ndell, vol. v. p.
113). I burnt large quantities for the tenant, but until
last year no record of the effect had been kept, when,
seeing him apply it to a small field of eight acrei, I
begged him to omit the burnt clay on one corner of the
field, that we might know whether it was worth while to
burn any more clay. Mr. Cheer did so accordingly.
The crop was a very fine one : and after harvest he
threshed out about one-eighth of an acre separately.
He found the result as follows :
One Acre Wheat
No manure .... 37i bushels.
80 yards burnt clay 45}-
I_, It
80 yards ditto sheep-folded 471 „
It will be remarked that this is not a garden experi-
ment, but applies to a whole field of wheat, and that the
account was given in by the occupier of the land. Now,
I have lying before me the valuation at which I bought
this identical field, one of the worst on the farm. It is
10s. an acre for rent, or 141. for the fee-simple.
Thorough draining with thorns, at 10 feet asunder, cost
about 31. 10s. It could now be done with pipes for 2/.
Dressing with 30 bushels of burnt clay cost about 2/. as.
The crop must have been worth this year about 171., or
nearly the fee-simple of the land and the cost of the im-
provements. It will be observed that on a third
lot the land was dressed with sheep-folding, in
addition to the burnt clay, but that the in-
crease of yield was trifling. The manure, in
fact, was more than the crop would bear, and
the wheat was consequently laid by the wet summer.
This is a conclusive proof that the burnt clay, in this
instance, acted as a manure, and not merely mechani-
cally. Ido not mean that burnt clay will always act as
a manure ; indeed, I know that it sometimes fails to do
so, and there is yet much to learn on the subject ; but
this case of success being beyond suspicion of accident,
I have thought right to detail the circumstances of the
trial, as an encouragement to the owners and tenants of
the worst and most expensive kind of heavy land, which
I believe to be the Oxford clay, where it is not covered
with soil of a different quality. This farm at Long-
worth is that on which the trial of the ploughs reserved
from Shrewsbury took place last autumn, and Mr.
Parkes, in his report on the implements, bears witness to
its obstinate nature.—Journal of Royal Agricultural
Society. Communication from Mr. Pusey, M.P.

LISTING POTATOES.—AS I know that my authority
has a protection against the consequences of potato disease,
and as I have heard from the Duke of Rutland that his ex-
periments have not been equally successful, I feel it a duty
to society to prevent people from being misled by the general
terms in which I have circulated the results of the experi-
ments conducted here. It is quite true that the lime used
here has been invariably successful, but it is the magnesian
lime which abounds in this neighbourhood. In its caustic
state, it is fatal to vegetation. Barren spots are to be seen
in many places on the forest, where lime heaps were placed
more than thirty years ago. It is, therefore, easy to account
for the effect of this lime in stopping the propagation of this
disease. The lime used by the Duke of Rutland I under-
stand to have been the crich-lime, which is very pure lime,
and has no such destructive qualities. It is, therefore, only
necessary to state the distinction to account for the difference.
Charcoal is quite as effectual as the magnesian lime.—Scott
Portland IVelbeck, March 18. _

INDIAN VOCABULARY.—TO assist such of our readers
as may be occasionally at a loss in reading the Indian news,
from ignorance of the language, we subjoin the meaning of a
few words most commonly in use in the newspapers :—Baboo,
a Hindoo title, answering to our esquire—begum, princess—
bungalow, a cottage made of bamboo and mats, with pro-
jecting thatch roof—coolie, a porter—coss, about two miles—
cummerbund, a sash—cutwal, a magistrate—dak, the post—
decoit, a river pirate—dewan, a prime minister, and some-
times an agent—dhoolie, a letter—dooab, a tract of country
between two rivers—dustoor, custom—durbar, the court, or
council—fakir, a religious mendicant—feringee, a European
—firman, a royal order—ghat, in the east, a landing-place;
in the west and south, a pass of a mountain, or a moun-
tain range—guicwar, a sovereign—havildar, an officer in the
army—hooka, a pipe—houdah, a seat on an elephant—
hurkaru, messenger—jaghire, an estate assigned by govern-
ment—jungle, a thicket —khelat, an honorary dress—maha-
raja, a great king—marabout, a holy man—mohout,
an elephantdriver—mohur, a gold coin, worth sixteen rupees
in Bengal—musnud, a throne—nuhah, a brook or small
branch of a river—nuzzur, an offering—paddy, rico in the
husk—pagoda, Indian temple— peishwa, a sovereign—peon,
messenger—punjaub, five rivers—rannee, a princess—ryut, a
ipne a
thesa peasant—sahib, t
Britishs a hib ,
sl
eo
rrs,c,l
i—c
es—a lord—weer, aai
i‘gir
uo
I—msaenpl oy,
place-s. , n
hao teiaviarieemsltroops
rr
travellers—serang, a master of a vess.e
courts of
justice—subandar, officer of higheist an
ns cnai
srt,
ear. osvuedrdnuorr, alsoad aw headit a n
dservantrudder r sdierkwd—aairsna, nnaget
elht,el a m
r
ovrakvei:lz,i
earn,
pernimvoeym—iNrceisdtaesr,zin
the
hundred lace. A
dary or province. A crore of rupees is a
Ii
it
na( r cr
holdertn r eo
f awzrue zmzyie ne
thsuvoudshreidllintghso.usaAndpicreuipsetehseitsweolnfteh
olaf c
an. Aannruar
oer
oi ab
out
two ehbuonut.
dred and ninety-second part of a rupee.