The Sun.
London, England, 1870-06-21 00:00:00

SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY.

Cyrus W. Field has received a favourable hearing at
Washington for the greatest undertaking of his life, and
perhaps the greatest yet undertakenin the history of sub-
marine telegraphing. The project is to lay a cable from
San Francisco by way of the Sandwich or the Aleutian
Islands to the east coast of Asia. The enterprise has
been made to appear so important to the Senate com-
mittee on foreign relations, in its international and com-
mercial bearings, that Mr. Sumner has reported a bill to
ai it with an annual subsidy of half a million dollars for
twenty years, with the right reserved to purchase the line
within that time at cost. Recent as the discovery of
ocean telegraphy is, the great nations of the world are
now dependent upon it. And yet the United States holds
its intercourse with other countries by cable through the
favour of foreigners, which may be withdrawn upon the
first disturbance of the peaceful reltions we now have with
the world.—Boston Advertiser.

,EMARKABLE METEROLOGICAL EVENTS.
With the details of the heaviest rains and most destruc-

tive floods, in March last, ever experienced in Australia
since the occupation of that continental island by the
Anglo-Saxon, we have the news of a five days' storm of
snow, hail, and rain last week in the Rocky Mountain
Territory of Montana, and various reports of drought and
its disastrous consequences of blighted crops and burning
forests, from Maine westward to the Winnipeg basin, in'
eluding Northern New York and nearly the whole of the
New Dominion. Several weeks ago we had reports of an
alarming drought throughout the State of California,
and thence extending northward into Oregon ; but
subsequently the apprehensions of a. general dis-
aster to the suffering families were materially
lightened by refreshing rains. Meantime, from the lati-
tude of New York city southward, we have no complaints
of drought from the interior or the seaboard, except from
Long Island, where the farmers are complaining of short
supplies of rain, and where heavy losses from fires in the
woods have resulted from an unusually dry season. Since
the advent of spring, too, the volcanic regions of Mexico
and Central America have been in a high state of .com-
bustion, and earthquakes from time to time have tunic('
into the streets, at a moment's warning, the whole popu-
lation of San Francisco. • Down in Texas they appear to
have had a mixture of dry weather, hail storms and water
spouts ; while in several of our North-western States, from
Illinois to Minnesota, they have had already a number of
very respectable tornadoes. What conclusions can we
reach from all these things? Taking the late destructive
floods in Australia in connection with the recent terrific
hurricane and inundation at Buenos Ayres, it would ap-
pear that while unusually heavy storms (autumnal) have
swept around the globe on the south side of the equator,
the season (spring) on the north side, with some excel).*
tional storms, has been comparatively dry. From this We
may conclude that when one half of the earth suffers from
an excess of rain, the other half suffers from a deficiency'
the general evaporation from the sea by the sun being
from year to year the same. But why these great fluc-
tuations in any locality between excessive drought and
excessive rains in any one season as compared with
another ? Various causes operate to produce these local
differences. The general causes operating upon the rail
fall of different countries are the movements of the globe
on its axis and on its orbit, the prevailing currents of the
atmosphere and the great currents of the ocean, warm and
cold, the configuration of the continents, and the island.
groups of the several oceans, the moon and its changing
phases, the movements of the tides as affected
thereby, the great mountain ranges of the con;
tinent and islands, and the great deserts 01
Asia, Africa, and America; for these rainless deserts plaY
a very conspicuous part in watering the fruitful portions
of the earth. The great rainy zone, extending some fifteen
degrees or more each side, is that of the equator, because
around the line of the equator the evaporation from the
sea is the greatest. Mountain ranges and forests are the
condensers of this vapor, and the deserts, in creating a
vacuum with their heated and rarified air, draw towards
them the denser air with its moisture from the sea, to be
discharged among the woods, plains, and mountains
the way. The most important local causes affecting the
rain fall in any quarter are the prevailing winds and the
ocean currents ; and if for the last month or two the pre-
vailing winds from the latitude of this city northsva
re
into Canada have been carrying their moisture from tr
Atlantic to be discharged among the pine forests of the.
tablelands and lakes of Minnesota, where the Mississilg'
has its sources, and a thousand miles westward of Wily
nesota, among the Rocky Mountains in Montana, 'caber!
the Missouri has its sources, we may reasonably expee,.'
very soon a reaction which will water all the interveMut
country to the Atlantic. We think that the prevailllr
heat in this quarter of the last week or so has been makinn
a vacuum which will bring the rain. A heated term,
proportion to its heat, always does. The heaviest or 01,15
terrific storms always follow the intensest heats. In
science of meteorology comparatively little progress.l.
this age of progress has been made, because of the n,
culty of noting the movements and laws of storms. l'be
with the aid of the telegraph, scientific men ought to
able to tell us all about the weather that it is necessary iv
know. We believe, too, that in the course of a
years, with some aid from the Government, such a system
of weather telegraphic reports might be established
would result in the saving of millions of property by land
and sea from threatened losses from storms and floods an
droughts.—New York Herald.

The Committee appointed by the Admiralty t.q
devise a better mode for the keeping of ships' books Wl'
commence their duties immediately.
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BIRTHS. of 9
On the 16th inst., at Somerville, Lady AthlutnneY,
daughter. PsY
On the 17th inst.,
_at Moray House, The Avenue'

hill, Mrs. James Shaw, of ason.
31A RRIAGES.
-at" r Bg.
On the 16th inst., at tße parish church, Clifton, AAJ°oces,
J. Brooke, of H.M.'s 80th Regiment, to Eliza Fritriffil
the daughter of T. W. Goodwyn, Esq., late Madras
Service.
On the 18th inst., at St. James's Church, A u• f '111"
Fuller, Esq., eldest son of Arthur Fuller, Esq., ° drol
Rookery, Dorking, to the Lady Victoria Alocso
Byng, third daughter of the Earl of Strafford.

DEATHS Stag
S arle-
On the 17th inst., at Deter John Combe, Esq., °-
inn, and Holland-road, Bensingson, aged 71. s ADO
On the 16th inst., at Victoria-road, Kensington, la's
Swinden, aged 81.

'HBO'
London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANT..,- 10:
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE Sim Office, r"):+,7
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Cougi'v
Middlesex.—Tuesday, June 21, 1870