The Sun.
London, England, 1846-05-04 00:00:00

GRAIN CROP OF THE UNITED

STATES.
The Commissioner of Patents has published an esti-
mate of the harvest of wheat and Indian corn in the
various states for the last two years. As the com-
missioner has access to many intelligent individuals in
various parts of the country, it is probable his estimate
is as near an approximation to accuracy as can be made.
W heat. Corn.
Ohio ... ..• ... 13,572,000 57,600,000
Pennsylvania ... ... 12,580,000 17,126,000
Indiana ••• ... 7,044,000 30,625,000
Illinois .., ... 4,563,000 25,584,000
New York ... ... 16,200,000 13,250,000
Virginia ... ... 11,835,000 27,272,000
Tennessee ... ... 8,340,000 70,625,000
Kentucky ... ... 4,769,000 54,625,000
Michigan ... ... 7,061,000 4,945,000
Maryland ... ... 4,884,000 3,273,000
North Carolina ... 1,969,000 14,887,000
South Carolina ••. 1,168,000 8,184,000
Maine
—• NF-w Hampshire
. ... 502,000 1,912,000
NRlhasosdeeetisula.end tts
... •• • 241,000 3,098,000• 647,000
1,282,000
Connecticut
5,000 731,000
... •••
Vermont
114,000 2,649,000
New Jersey ...
••• • 854,000 1,728.000
.. 1,050
Delaware 'ooo 7,314,000
... •__

• • • 440,0 ..,..-
Georgia
•• • ,• • 1,571,000 00 16,000
Alabama 2,713,000
•• • , • 980 000 16,650,000
MksissiPPi • • • .. . 378,000
Missouri 2,167,000
Arkansas
" . • 1,525,000 15,625,000
Florida • •• • 2,427,000 8.250,000
Wisconsin •• • ••• 733,000
.• • •. • 971,000 672,000
lowa • „ •• •
District of Columbia .: 793,000 2,028,000
15,000 35,000
—___

Total 106,548000 417899,00
The crop of 1844 was estimated .t 95,607,000, bushels of
wheat, and 421,953,000 bushels of corn. There was a
material deficiency in the crop of wheat in the state of
Ohio last year over the preceding year ; but in almost
every other state, except the Carolinas, Georgia, and
Alabama, there was a considerable increase. In the corn
crop there was a falling off of one-third in New York
and South Carolina, one-fourth in Maryland, one-third
in Virginia, one-third in North Carolina, one-fourth in
Alabama, and a considerable increase in all the Dther
states, except Mississippi. —New York Journal of COM.
',term

A deputatation on the Corn Trade had an interview on
Saturday with Sir R. Peel.
DEATH OF A DISTINGUISHED CENTENARIAN.—MISS
Angina Leslie, the last representative of the no less ancient than
distinguished house of Leslie of Lindores, died at Cupar, on Wednes-
day last, at the advanced age of a hundred years, five weeks and
three days, having been born on the 15th March, 1746. In the re-
bellion of '45, her father took a very prominent part in the army of
the Royalists under William Duke of Cumberland, and long survived
that eventful period. The family of Leslie has always occupied
a very conspicuous position in the annals of Scotland. A number of
years ago, Lord Lindores, the brother of Miss Leslie, died, the title
having become extinct, and he leaving the whole of his effects to a
friend resident in England, who, however, so soon as he became
aware of the existence of this sister of the deceased lord. settled an
annuity upon her, which she continued to receive until her death.
She was exceedingly vigorous, notwithstanding her great age, till
within a short time previous to her death, and it was but last
summer that she frequently walked out unassisted, and not a great
many years ago that a walk of two miles would have been felt as no
embarrassment. Her residence during the greater part of her We
ham
~been in Cupar and its neighbourhood—which circumstance
11115exstIm'eve!tunes" for the healthfulness and salubrity of the climate.
Who
„..,. Zs ot' was never shut against the poor and the needy,
miii'a;found her a considerate friend ; and her amiable disposition i
death, ella4l°4 minds which continued almost unimpaired till her
utiter t..,
-a, her awaizttice,—fiitileraW 1

THE CEDED TEIIRITOiIY IN THE
PUNJAUB.

We shall doubtless soon be in possession of the articles
of the impending treaty between the new re-organised
Seikh Government, on the one side, and the British In-
dian Empire on the other. We look forward with no
small anxiety to the official publication of a document
which must exercise so beneficial an influence on the
productive resources of India, and the renewed commer-
cial prosperity of our provinces in particular, which has
been sadly disturbed by the late hostilities, and shall, in
the meantime, endeavour, though inadequately, we fear,
to draw the public attention to one grand particular, on
which the late proclamation decrees all negotiations must
be based. We allude to the annexation of the districts,
hill and plain, between the Beas and Sutlej. If the
founding of a colony has been pronounced a great na-
tional enterprise, requiring the undivided energy of the
Legislature, to insure to the fullest extent any reason-
able prospect of success, surely the proper manage-
ment of a district so important in every way, both
political and commercial, as that which has so lately
been added to our already Colossal Empire, will require,
and will doubtless receive, every financial attention
from the authorities in India which it is their habit to
bestow. But this is not all that is required at their
hands in the present days of enlightened progression.
It will be their bounden duty to institute a scientific and
minute survey; its climate, soil, and capacities of pro-
duction, must be deliberately inquired into by compe-
tent persons employed for this especial purpose, and the
lessons which the experience of the past cannot but have
taught, will not fail to direct such manifestly difficult
and absolutely necessary inquiries. We have no means
of astir ain ng to oar satisfaction the precise surface of
the annexed districts, but may fern' some approximate
notion of the amouut by tracing the boundary rivers, pre-
mising before doing so that we are indebted to Thorn-
ton's Gazetteer for our information on the subject. The
Beas takes its source on the southern verge of the Ri-
tanlsa pass, in Lahoul, a Himmalayan region, north-east
of the Punjaub. at a point about 13,200 feet above the
sea, in lat. 32 34, lon. 77 12. The river then takes a
southerly course of about 100 miles to Mundee, in the
vicinity of which are productive mines of salt and iron,
forming, even now, the greater part of the revenue of
the tributary Raja of the province. It requires no
great amount of discernment to predict, tatting their
advantageous locality into consideration, that these
mines, with the aid of European resources and machi-
nery, might be rendered infinitely more productive. At
this place the river is from 150 to 200 yards wide, with a
depth of twelve feet. From Mundee the Bess takes a
course of fifty miles, chiefly westerly, to Nadauss, a
much-frequented spot, being on the direct route from
India to Kashmeer. This point would probably be a
good spot for a small cantonment, on ace, unt of the
importance of its position ; the site, moreover, is de-
lightful, and during the days of its earlier prosperity
was celebrated for its beautiful gardens. From the rich-
ness of the soil it had acquired an enviable celebrity, as
the proverb which Vigne quotes would testify, "'Who
will come to Nadaun and then leave it ?" From Nadaun
the Beas takes a wile sweep of about eighty miles to
the north-west, and having entered the plains of the
Punjaub, in about lat. 23 deg. 5 min., long. 75 deg. 20
mine turns southward, a course which it follows for
about eighty miles further to its confluence at Endressa,
near the Hurreeke Ghat, with the Sutlej. The length
of the river up to this point may be stated at from 310 to
320 miles. The united stream bears the name of the
harah until its confluence with the Chenab. Let us
now turn to the Sutlej, the most easterly of the rivers of
the Punjaub, and which, in spite of its being the most fa-
mil ar by name, is also the least known, for its source has
not been visited by any Europ, ens in consequence of the
vigilance and jealousy of the Chinese, within whose ter-
ritory it lies. It is. however, supposed to be on the
south side of the Kailas, or peaked mountain, on the
north of which the Indus is thought to have its source.
It rushes, with amazing rapidity, in a north-westerly
direction, for about 150 miles. as far as Nako, in lat. 31
deg. 50 min., ion. 78 deg. 36 min., at no great distance
from which it receives the Lee, or River of Spiti, at an
elevasion of about 8,600 feet above the sea. Here the
united stream is called by different designations, but is
known throughout by the name of the Sutlej. Below
the confluence its general course is south-west, with a
very rapid declivity to Rasnpoor. From this latter spot
to Bela-poor, its course is generally west and south-
west ; hence it holds a very winding course to Roopur,
where it makes its nay through the low sandstone
range of Jhejwan, and finally enters the plains of the
Punjaub. It then passes between Philor and Loodianah,
and its width, at the season when lowest, may be stated
approximately at 250 yards, with an aversge depth of
seven feet. Up to this point the stream is navigable at
all seasons, for vessels of ten or twelve tons burthen,
and in these days of improvement we see nothing to
prevent steam from being made available in light vessels
to the very foot of the hills. We have already noticed
its confluence with the Beas. The whole length of the
Sutlej, up to this point, has been estimated at 570 miles,
one hundred and thirty of which may be said to be in
the plains. To the north-east the Hirnmalaya range
forms an elevated barrier. The area of the plain dis-
trict, situated between these several boundaries, viz., the
hills, the Beas, and the Sutlej, may therefore, at a rough
estimate, be calculated, at the least, at 8,500 square
miles. We have not materials sufficient to enable us to
form even an approximate value of the extent of the hill
provinces, as- we do not exactly know their extent to the
East, where they adjoin the Chinese empire.
Our attention will next be naturally drawn to the ex-
isting state of the different cities scattered at no very
distant intervals over this expanse of country. The
first, perhaps, in importance, is Jalinder, formerly the
principal residence of the Lodi-Affghan dynasty. It is
situated in a tract of amazing fertility, amidst flourishing
orchards of mangoes and other trees, and, though once
a place of great celebrity, as the vast number of large
and handsome mausoleums in its neighbourhood would
testify, has still, at the present day, a population of
about 40,000. Rajwarrah, on the direct route from
Loodianah to Lahore, containing a population of about
15,000, situated in an equally fertile region, must not be
passed over unnoticed. There are also other places,
Mundee, Kupoorthalao, Kurtapoor, &c., on which we
could dilate, but the above brief account will serve to
convey some slight idea of the value of the appropriated
district, which may, in strict truth, from its adaptation
for the richest cultivation, be termed the garden of
Upper India. Our information regarding the hill dis-
tricts is, on the other hand, painfully scanty, but we
doubt not that they will be found, on minute surveys
from their more northerly position, to exceed in value
any similar portion in our own pr ‘vinces, and that
the mineral and ether resources will amply repay the
energy of British enterprise, provided that enterprise be
directed with prover spirit and di,cr, tion. The great
error hitherto committed in regard to new acquisi-
sitions will, we trust, not be again repeated. We have
heretofore allowed their extent, surface, produce, and
consequently capacities of commerce, to be neglected in a
most unpardonable and unstatesmanlike manner, and in
a way too most pre judicial to our interests. A single
instance, so remarkably appropriate, will suffice, though
many similar cases might be adduced. The Dhoon of
Dehra and the adjac, nt hills fell into our possession in
1817, and nearly thirty years have been allowed to
elapse before even any commensurate advantages of a
pecuniary kind are derived. Though attention has of
late been excited, and wonders been wrought in a short
time, yet how much more might have been effected
had our researches been properly and vigorously directed
from the first ? How much, and with what comparative
ease might have been accomplished, had an intelligent
and competent man been deputed to examine and report
upon, for public information, the productive resources of
this favoured district ? How many valuable lives might
have been saved by the earlier establishment of Sane-
taxis in the delightful and invigorating climate o' the
hills ? And how much direct revenue might have been
derived from the Dhoon itself, which, instead of only
emerging from its jungly condition, would now be yield-
ing 100,000 rupees a year, as it did in former days, even with
the humble resources of Indian cultivation ? Its mineral
and vegetable productions, to which there seems to be
no assignable limit, would ere this have been fully deve-
loped instead of now coming to light only partially, and
that from isolated instead of combined and well directed
exertions. The whole country would have presented a
smiling and refreshing picture of active and happy in-
dustry, instead of showing to the inquisitive only here
and there what the whole country, under properly di-
rected management, might become. Enterprise has,
however, at length been aroused, and under the auspices
of an enlightened Government, will ultimately com-
mand success. The forests alone, under proper regula-
tions, would yield a handsome revenue, and furnish an
inexhaustible supply of the most valuable timber ; and
we may again take the opportunity of mentioning, as we
have done on a former occasion, when we entered on
this subject at great, and as we believe to some extent
not unfruitful length, that forest science, which origi-
nated in Germany, from the increased scarcity of wood
there, constitutes a separate and distinct branch of edu-
cation. The importance of the necessary measure of
parnedserfvoaretisot academies, u wa:ermeaidesi?
inwhich are
appreciated by
ttahueght
authorities,botany,
rge afudenon,ccludt
re
arpn i
adnt
shst tewi
inactivity,t
directions
tihri
preservationoe nc ets
iv,
oeon rfsyawnoi
forests,
dtpth.
vegetable yhysiology, mineralogy, :polo y &c , were
soon multiplid. We might here take gen' admirable
lamenting
vasamotnar lessonetestablished,
tpse;i
hen,
.necessarygreatW aids-t
consequences, we may learn to be wise in time. The dis-
trict annexed by the late proclamation, of which we
have given so imperfect a sketch, presents extraordinary
rdGoespotplvheeuerrmitnn
Government.
ggvoiehifeti
atswt be easily th e
features which require only to be developed to render
the possession as important, in a commercial, as it most
undoubtedly is in a political point of view. All the
varied and natural productions, which admit of indefi-
i
nite
improvement, and only require the fostering hand
adobeete to
the, whichuth of might,
and
little
thence tr
to u
be h
of European enterprise, have the best outlets imaginable
p o
,disbteribruetneddetrdthneawviogralbdl.e,lnthtehnecesitmopble
item of apiculture we cannot hope or ex,
ect thetoomnducuhs
foll
as the means of the most extensive irrigation are beyond
calculation. Let us not, tamely or unwisely
the steps of our predecessors, but, with the
' increasedow in
moral supremacy of our Government, which hasproved
to the world that we know how to conquer, let usrtaeSh
the more difficult lesson, that we know how to occupy"
Let us set about investigating these matters with
ade.-
terminal resolution to cherish and improve the condi-
tion of the inhabitants—indifferent as to the outlay at
the first, because well a cured of an ample return at no
lengthed interval. Is, .the forests in the hills and the
plains be an especial ~eject of attention ; in fast, let
minute surveys and scientific investigations be forthwith
instituted: let us, at once, proceed to do, without
any unnecessary delay, what in the days of our past
negligence we should have taken years to consider.
The expenditure at the first must be liberal, propor-
and we are confident the- revenues of the district will
tionate, of course, to the bright anticipations of success,

be increased to an untold vxmit. But, above all, Vf4

shall teach our new subjects a lesson which they will
not be slow to appreciate, that a financial increase—
derivable from the present revenue—is not all we have
in view, but that their welfare and their prosperity is
something in the scale, 4nd chat we are anxious, as the
paramount power in India, to prove to them, beyond a
shadow of a doubt, that they are likely to benefit, not
only politically, but in all that makes home a blessing—
the protection of life and property, by the change of
rule. We could enlarge upon the mighty prospects
opened out to our view, but the length to which our
article has already attained warns us to forbear ; we
shall one day hope t? revert to this magnificent subject,
and we trust, too, with more satisfactory details of in-
formation.—From the Delhi Gazette, Feb. 28.