The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-10 00:00:00

MAGAZINES, &c.—(CONTINUED).
THE ill IRROIt.
By far the most interesting article'in The Mirror
for the present month, (perhaps it would not be kr.,i,Ll
too far to siv tb! most interesting article in any of
the magazines for the month,) is the sketch of the hip
and carter of General Cavaignac. It is impossible n
read this memoir without beieg convinced of tl.;,
attachment of Cavaignac to Republican prineiples.
He is the son of an old Conventionalist; his family
and himself have suffered "outrage, calumny, sod
wrong" for their attachment to republican principles,
both from the Governments of Charles X. and from
that of Louis Philippe. He has, moreover, always
seemed void of ambition ; and has had greatness
thrust upon him rather than sought it, but has inva-
riably risen with the occasion, and shown himself
always equal to the exigencies of the position in which
he has been placed. Sent to Africa in hopes that the
climate would prove his destruction, he, by his heroic
defence of Chercell, drew on himself the public atten-
tion, and wrung promotion from an unwilling govern-
ment. He suffered so much from the wounds he had
received in the course of the campaign, that he was
compelled to return to France in 1839,
" Where shortly afterwards he published an able
though unpretending volume " On the Regency." With-
out
being in any degree brilliant or profound, this work
is marked by all the sagacity, coolness, and sound sense
which distinguish the writer's character, and in this re-
spect place a wide line of demarcation between him and
so many of his countrymen. Had Cavaignac been of
Saxon instead of Celtic origin, we should indeed have
been more disposed to credit his alleged Irish descent.
All the calmness and circumspection conspicuous in the
former, and so different from the recklessness and mere
animal audacity characteristic of the other race, are pre-
eminent in his temperament, and the germs of them are
to be found displayed in that work. It excited consider-
able attention at the period, and it he maintains his pre-
sent position, the views there developed will probably
secure it still more attention. Without being in any de-
gree written to obtain their support, the Government of
Louis Philippe quickly perceived that it was marked by
the meditation and resolution of no ordinary man. Had
he been a more unscrupulous supporter, his services
would doubtless have been engaged at home; if he had
displayed less intuitive sagacity he would have been sum-
marily dismissed or consigned to neglect. But neither
course in his case was deemed expedient or safe; and
the following year, 1840, accordingly again beheld him
in Africa with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.
" The views propounded by Cavaignac in this work on
the Regency, as it was termed, or government of Al-
giers, were carried out by him so far as possible in his
future commands. Under the system of forbearance
and equity which he recommended, amicable relations
were for a short period established between Abd-el-
Kader and the invaders, and hopes were entertained of
the speedy improvement and tranquil colonization of the
country. But they were of brief duration, Bugeaud, or
his counsels, now reigned supreme at the Tuileries; and
the unscrupulous Louis Philippe was readily induced to
enter upon a system of brutality and extermination
which might prove ruinous to the country or the natives,
but would secure the great object of his desire—military
fame or notoriety for his offspring. With this view
son after son 'of France,' as the overweening old knave
designated them, was sent out to Algeria to join the
troops, assail the unhappy Arabs, carry terror and de-
vastation wheresoever they could, advance men to en-
counter with the natives, but themselves always remain
in safety to reap all the advantages of the enterprise in
the rear. A venal Government press at home, and
Louis Philippe's unblushing laudations, seconded their
efforts ; and country and Chamber rang with praises of
these infants of Orleans,' and their bravery, though to
all who witnessed events in the colony it was notoriou.
that the Princes were never present in action, and that
on every occasion they rather avoided than courted
danger.

"-This course. which doubtless was dictated &on-
head-quarters—for the Princes have never been desti-
tute of personal courage—excited considerable ridicua
and disapprobation in the ranks of the army; and Ca
vaignac having expressed some discontent, was deprived
of his colonelcy until the autumn of the following year,
when his services were so conspicuous at the head of a
brigade of Souaves, that it became impossible to over-
look them. Till 1845, however, he was permitted to re-
main in this rank ; though Lamoriciere, Changarnier,
and many others of less merit, but more subserviency,
were in the meantime placed over his head. To the ad,
vancement of the first-named of these Generals, Cavaig-
nac is understood to have submitted without repining, at.
he really possessed claims to distinction, though he owed
it more to court favour; but the second having been no-
toriously promoted by this alone, a feeling of j alousy or
distrust arose, which is said still to exist in their respec
tive positions of Chief of the Executive Power and Corn
mander of the National Guards of Paris. Changarnier
indeed, is one of the agents relied on by the Orleaaists
and Reaetionists now, and were he in any degree pos-
sessed of the eloquence or elocutionary power requisite
to address a popular assembly, there can be no doubt he
would prove a formidable rival still. As it is, by the
partisans of the late monarchy Lamoriciere is the part)
now put forward with the view of undermining and sup-
planting Cavaignac, whose less showy abilities are un-
derstood to have excited the Thiers faction's envy and
distrust.
" Feelings of this nature are supposed to have been
engendered as early as 1844, when Cavaignac4 was pre-
sent at the canture.of ton.Qvur., h...eL
yection to its receiving this designation, inasmuch as the
princes of the house of Orleans had displayed no claims
to the honour. In the question of nomenclature, how-
ever, the voice of Bugeaud, Lamoriciere, and Changer-
nier prevailed; and it was not till the September of thu
following year, consequently, that Cavaignac at last
attained the rank of General of Brigade. Even then it
was grudgingly bestowed, and he was dispatched with a
force of only twelve hundred men by Bugeaud to assail
Traras, in the full expectation that it would prove ina-
dequate, and that he would reap nothing but disgrace
from the enterprise. Cavaignac, however, unexpectedly
prevailed. Assailed by thrice the number of Arabs on
the way, he twice overthrew them; compelled Abd-el-
Kader to raise the siege of Nedroma; and finally, after
accomplishing his object, effected a victorious junction
with Lamoriciere at Tlemceen, to which that general
had been sent with a larger force, for the purpose of
averting the consequences likely to flow from Cavaignac':
anticipated overthrow.

" S. terrible insurrection next broke out, which called
into activity all Cavaignac's energies. Entrusted with
the duty of suppressing it, over a wild and extensive diS•
trict, he by mingled firmness and moderation subdued it,
and carried the flames of war from the Algerine into the
Morocco territory, by whose ruler these internal distuib-
ances in Algiers were supposed to be instigated. At
the head of five or six thousand men he put the Dheira
to flight, and paved the way for those triumphs which
Bugeaud and the princes of France nominally obtained
over the Emperor Abderrhaman, in 1846 and following
year.
He was Subsequently engaged under Bugeaud in the
campaign against the Emperor of Morocco, which
was treminated by the battle of Joly.
" To the submission of Abd•el-Kader, which shortl3,
afterwards followed, Cavaignac contributed; and he i-
understood to have vehemently joined Lamoriciere i
protesting against that breach of faith of which the Emir
was the victim. The attitude of Bugeaud, however, was
now viewed with such distrust, if not alarm, by the cabi-
net of the Tuileries, that their opposition was over-
looked; and with the design of counteracting the sup-
posed ambitious intentions of the marshal, who was sus-
pected to aim at the establishment of an independLn.
authority in the country, Lamoriciere was entrustec
with the government of Algiers, while Cavaignac n -
placed him in that of Oran; and in this position both re-
mained till the former was recalled by the provisional
government of February, and the other appointed to th,
entire command of the province."
Our extracts from this interesting biography hav,
extended to such a length, that we have not space tt,
allude to any of the other papers of The Mirror.
which, however, are of merit sufficient to fully main
tain the high character of this periodical.

MODEL MEN MODELLED. By Horace Mayhtu,
The greater number of these "Model Men" have•
been already exhibited by Punch ; here we have then,
collected, as it were, into a museum of models, and
very entertaining and instructive museum it is. At th,
conclusion of the volume we have a small group ui
models exhibited for the first time. As a sample we
give :
" The model Pet Parson. has the most beautiful black
hair, and the prettiest loves of whiskers. He attends te,,
and whist parties, and preaches in canary-coloured kid
gloves, with the most dazzling diamond outside his huh
finger. He has the smallest fashionable lisp in thi
world. He is highly eau•de-Cologned. His handker
chief is of the purest cambric—a perfect cobweb, edged
with lace. He is never without a nervous headache.'
He is very delicate, poor fellow ! He lives on
cold chicken and white wine whey. He rides to
church in a lady's carriage. He is supported by tht
voluntary contributions of the young ladies of the neigh•
bourhood, and has embroidered braces sufficient to st,,ek
the whole of the Highlands. Hassocks, too, book-marks
and covers, orange marmalade, calf's-foot jelly, grapes.
game, tea-cakes, and sweet-breads, of all varieties, arc
left for his kind acceptance' every day. He collects
pennies for converted washerwomen. He and the Duke
of Wellington have married more lovely brides' than
the whole Church. His dress is profound black, relieved
with liberal wristbands, and a shirt-front that sticks out
like the paper ornament of a fire-grate. When he gets
preferment to a more fashionable church, a magnificent
silver teapot is presented to him by the ladies with i!
beautiful parse full of new sovereigns. With the put it)
of his white neckloth, the Pet Parson is sure of a riot.
wife, and innumerable legacies."

HISTORY OF PHYSICAL ASTRONOMY. By

Robert Grant. Nos. 1 awl 2.

These tracts are Nos. 7 and 8 of a new series of th•
" Library of Useful Knowledge." To follow in the
wake of that publication requires scientific attain-
ments of no mean order, and the publishers hav
therefore done well to entrust the subject of phpical
astronomy to Mr. Robert Grant, a gentleman who,
by his talents and his learning, is well entitled to rank
as a collaborateur with the giants in science who con-
tributed to the first series of this library.

SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY, OCT. 9.—The Spanish
barqr.ne Neufa de Santander, Captain Lopez, 1,751 boxes
sugary, 45 days from Havannah, bound to Bristol; the
Dutf:l barque Africa, Captain Onman, with rice, 140
day.% from Akyab; and the Swedish brig King Oscar,
451 casks sugar, 54 days from Bahia, arrived off Cowes
yeslorday for orders.