The Sun.
London, England, 1841-05-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, MAY 4 S4l

slave trade between Africa and the Brazils—if a single part of
this nefarious scheme of finance he permitted to
escape annihilation at the first moment it is distinctly offered
to the House of Commons, all that the landed interest can ex-
pect, and in the case supposed all that it will deserve, is the
advantage of being sacrificed later than the rest by as much as
four or five weeks. The Canadian interest, the West India
interest, the shipping interest, will all help the Representa-
tives of British agriculture to destroy the scheme as a whole,
and to these may be added the anti-slavery philanthropists, if
the latter were ever really actuated as they professed to be by
the feelings of humanity, or the obligations of religion. But
to obtain or to merit this aid the Representatives of agriculture
must do their duty from the beginning.
GLOBE.—The ideas of Dan Quixote on the laws of
chivalry were not more high-flown than are those of Mr.
John Gladstone upon the Corn-laws. We shall en-
deavour to treat some of the topics on which be has
broken his lance, on grounds less exalted certainly,
but more on a level with common sense. In
countries where the prices for the produce of the land
are the highest, the landowners will have the high-
est rent, though they make a mistake in supposing that
the high prices of stinted supply can benefit even their
interest in the same manner as the high prices naturally
produced by wealth and commerce, or that high prices
and rents can be permanently secured by law, where
commerce is declining. Whatever the benefit may be
supposed to the landlord, however (and we believe it
delusive), it is not shared by the farmer as such, any
more than high hackney coach fares are shared by the
drivers of those vehicles who hire them by the day from the
owners. Still less is it shared by the labourers. The
farmer buys his implements as cheap as he can,—and for
wages he never will pay 15s. a week if he can get labour-
ers for 10s.—these must be regulated by the number of
labourers, and the demand for them. A high price of
corn, therefore, does net benefit the labourer. In proof
whereof, the average price of wheat per quarter hat been-
-1834 ... 465. 2d. 1837 ... 555. 10d.
1835 ... 393. 4d. 1838 ... 645. id.
1836 ... 483. 61. 1839 ... 69'.

and wages have not been higher is 1837 to 1839. In
these years the farmers may have bad more profits, if
they calculated a lower price for corn ; but if such
higher prices continue, higher rents will be demanded,
and will be paid, and thus the benefit of the higher
prices will be at an end for the farmer. Tile labourers
are worse off, as having to pay more for bread; out of
the same wages they can buy less manufactured articles.
This must diminish employment in manufactures ;
more 'abourers must seek employment in agriculture—
wages must fall then, and distress and poor-rates incrcas'.
Our present Corn-laws forbid the ordinary operations
of commerca, as regards grain. When our average prices
are 62s per quarter for wheat, the duty is 243. Bd., and the
expens:s about 10s. So that even if wheat can be bought
on the Continent at 275. 41., no investment can be made
unless there is almost'acertainty that prices will rise in Eng-
land. When there is a certainty that prices must rise to
735. or upwards, and importa'inn be allowed at 1.. per
qr , orders are sent all at once; and as the production and
stoc is are only in proportion to the demand and consump-
tion of tbe Continertt, prices are forced up there to 50a.,
605., or upwards, a proportionate and suddenly increased
consumption of our manufactures cannot be expected, and
therefore a great part must be paid for in gold and silver,
as has been the case in 1837, 1838, and 1839.

COURIER.—The morning tools of the Government
have simultaneously commenced operations to work out
the grand object of the political scoundrelism, under its
new and last phases, as developed to an astonished House
on Friday last. They have commenced, we say, with
bluster and vigour as remarkable as the effect is ludi-
crously disproportioned to the labour. Our friend
the Morning Advertiser is largely re-drawing upon
his stock account of long standing about Corn-
laws, the more particular items of which account
consist of the " United States, " the " Ger-
man Commercial League," and " Dr. Bowrinl,"
who invariably, and somewhat disrespectfully, is eser
postponed to the rear among the heavy baggage of the
argument. Withal, however, the Advertiser is tame
and gentle as any sucking dove in its Anti-Corn-law
extacies as compared with its Ministerial competitor of
the Chronicle, which really outherods Herod in the
rabid style of its ravings, mixed up with cries
most frantic as most doleful to the people for
help, or its patrons and paymasters perish. From the
" sublime to the ridiculous" there is. we have been
told, but one step, and never surely was the truism set
off in such bold relief as in the contrast between the fire
and fury breathing through the double-leaded Chronicle
leader, and the callous coolness and contemptuous apathy
of the public mind about Corn-laws, Chronicle or Cabi-
net. It is in vain the luckless and always to be pitied
scribe condemned, bon gre mal gre, to the drudgery, lashes
himself, with seeming earnestness, into foam and fervour;
the people are no more duped than Hamlet wr.s by
the ," fine frenzy" into which his actor worked himself
self on the stage. The poor Chronicle may go as mad
as Masanielle, but will not, like him, find a popula-
tion to head as mad as himself. The day is gone
by for getting up a Whig-Radical excitement. Ab-
sorbed in the melodramatic horrors of their own
amalgamation, these unfortunate Whig composers,
blind to the signs of the times, cannot discern that,
in place of their " hard hearts " being moved with the
harrowing representation of Ministerial agonies, the
audience, that is, the people, are actually converting the
sentimental spectacle into broad pantomime, and merry-
making about the last jump Jim Crow antic of Lord
John, with glee as hearty as ever saluted the Protean
performances of Clown or " slippered Pantaloon."
STAN DA RD.—The opinion which we professed early
after the first ministerial defeat, and which was then pretty
generally disregarded, appears now to be adopted by all,
the opinion, namely, that Ministers will dissolve the Par-
liament in the course of a few weeks, or perhaps sooner.
We pretend to no great sagacity in the conclu-
sion at which we arrived. We merely followed the plain
rule of looking to the character and the objects of the
men upon whose conduct we were to form a judg-
ment ; we saw that they were men unfettered by
any scruples of honour or patriotism, and that their
only object was the preservation of place. The
actual state of parties in the House of Commons,
as proved by the late division, and the steady increase
of Conservative strength arising from the improved
state of feeling in the country, plainly showed,
however, that place could not be preserved by its
present occupants without resorting to somo des-
perate expedient—a dissolution of Parliament either
upon the universal suffrage, or ballot question, or the
Corn-laws. To borrow a phrase of Mr. Wakley's well-
timed and powerful speech, " Some agitation—univer-
sal suffrage agitation—ballot agitation—or the Corn-
law agitation, must be got up and kept up, and the
country thrown into convulsion from one end to
the other, merely to enable the Ministerial party
to obtain a political triumph," and to retain
their offices. This is the solution of the expedient ;
and every one of ordinary sagacity must have foreseen that
such an expedient would be resorted to. To most of ths
Ministers their offices are their living, and " what is there
that a man will not give in exchange for his life?"
What is there that a bad man will not do rather than
sink into extreme poverty from comparative affluence ?
We have early warned the Conservatives that
the day for exertion approaches; we have more recently
exhorted them to be " up and doing ;" a few hints may
be now properly offered upon the mode of action. The
savage provisions and more savage administration of
the new Poor-law—the protection of the cruelties
of the factory system, must be abandoned. As
regards the new Poor-law, the Ministers have (dishonestly
indeed in their act and purpose) presented an honest al-
ternative. It must be plain to the understanding of the
most simple that the Poor-law and the present Corn-law
cannot both stand, because in justice—and the English
people are a just people—they ought not to stand together.

WEEPING.—Young women are full of tears;
they all weep as bitterly for the loss of a new dress as for
the loss of an old lover. They will weep for anything, or
for nothing. They will scold you to death for acciden-
tally tearing a new gown, and weep for spite that they
cannot be revenged on you. They will play the coquette
in your presence, and weep when you are absent. They
will weep when they cannot go to a ball or to a tea-party
or because their parents will not permit them to run away
with a scamp ; they will weep because they cannot have
everything their own way. Married women weep to con-
quer; tears are the most potent arms of matrimonial war-
fare. If a gruff husband has abused his wife, she weeps,
and he relents, and promises better behaviour. How many
men have gone to bed in wrath, and risen in the morning
quite subdued by tears and a curtain-lecture I Women
weep to get at their husband's secrets, and they also weep
when their own secrets have been revealed. They weep
through pride, through vanity, through folly, through cun-
ning, through weakness. They will weep for a husband's
misfortune, while they scold him, and, at the same time,
a woman will weep over the dead body of her husband,
while her vanity will ask her neighbours how she is ftted
with her mournings. She sometimes weeps for one hus-
band, that she may get another.

AN ENGLISH GOVERNESS IN PAais.----We
find the following narrative in the Constitutionnel :
" M. X---, a gentleman of independent fortune, father
of a family, a widower, and still young, resident in the
Marais, had taken into his house, as governess, a young
lady, from London, to direct the education of his children,
and especially to teach them English. Mme. A— pos-
sessed all the agreeable qualities of a pretty English-
woman - she had an air of sentimental coquetry, long fair
hair, beautiful blue eyes, a slender waist, and she was
two-and-twenty. Two days ago, at breakfast time,
M. at first surprised, and then uneasy, at not
seeing Mme. A—, went to her room door, which he
found locked. He went down stairs, and asked the
concierge if he had seen her go out. The answer was in
the negative. The anxiety of M. was redoubled; he
thought she must be ill, so be sent for a locksmith and had
her door opened. M. X. went in himself first, thinking
that, if she were not dead, she was, at least, in one of
those delicate and romantic nervous crises to which ladies
in Great Britain are subject ; but, not finding her any-
where,in the room, be stood as it were thunderstruck. On
a sudden a fatal thought came over him. " I have been
robbed !" he exclaimed; and, rushing to his secretaire,
found that two notes, of I,ooof. cacb, and a quantity of
jewels, worth 20,0001. had disappeared. It has since
been ascertained that Madame A. had left the day before,
but in what direction she went is not yet known. Mean-
time M. X. who is inconsolable for the loss of his jewels,
has been to relate the whole affair to the commissary of
police of his quarter.
We mentioned last week, on
Richard
the a authority t
Anthonyri
Re
o f an
.n
occasional correspondent, that Captain
n°lds was about to be restored to the army ; but having made
inquiries in the proper quarter, we were led to caution our
readers against taking the on dit for more than it amared to
us to be worth. A military contemporary, however, improved
upon this report, and added that Captain R. A. Reynolds
that the
would be gazetted to the 14th Light Dragoons last night, and
would ap •
announcement of his having sold out to Capt. Tonge
Pear in the same Gazette. We have made further
inquiries on the subject and find that these itateinents are
wholly without foundatio'n. The authorities at the Horse
Guards have never, we lament to say, for one moment, con-
templated the restoration of Captain R. A. Reynolds to the
service, nor is such an event at all likely to take place at pre.
sent.— United Service Gazette.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF TESTEEDAY.
CHRONICLE.—The subject in every man's mouth is the
abolition of the corn monopoly, and the reduction of the price
of timber and sugar, announced in the budget. The reduc-
tion of the duty on Baltic timber is, of course, eomplaired of
by those merchants and shipowners who enjoy the monopoly of
the Canadian timber trade, and the admission of foreign sugar
is denounced by the West India interest ; but the great na-
tional measure of cheap food has really fewer enemies here
than we expected. Amongst the wealthy merchants and
bankers there are many Tories, and the " horror" which
some of the moneyed capitalists have expressed to-day at
the proposal to repeal or modify the landlords'
tax, shows that the measure has struck home. We
fear, therefore, it will be opposed as a party mea-
sure, for they have staggered like drunken men
beneath the blow, and if followed up with vigour and energy
they must yield. They were totally unprepared for the an-
nouncement, and the complete secrecy preserved of the
Cabinet intentions has rendered their fury desperate. These
are promising symptoms nevertheless for those who wish to
see the resources of this great country developed, and her
trade and manufactures prosperous by the adoption of a liberal
commercial policy. The boon offered to the people is, we
are confident, fully appreciated, and they will respond to the
appeal as becomes them. They know that the productive
industry of the country by means of its mechanical power
is capable of supplying the whole world with manu-
factured goods, and that if we throw open our ports
to the produce of other countries, that if we will
receive their corn, timber, and sugar on liberal terms,
they will take our staple articles of produce in ex-
change ; we shall no longer see the bullion in the
Bank drained off in the course of a few months, by
8,000,0001. or 9,000,0001., to pay for the people's food; the
price will than be paid for by the export of British goods; but
the chief satisfaction experienced is in the glorious feeling
that Great Britain has taken the lead, that she has at length
assumed the position which becomes her, and shown an ex-
ample of an enlightened commercial legislation to the world at
large. It is felt that this brilliant example will tell in the
United States, in Brazil, in the Germanic Prussian League,
in France, Spain, and Portugal ; and that it will be the means
of consolidating the general peace, by combining the people of
all nations in one common bond of commercial intercourse
and prosperity. That large and influential portion of the
community forming the liberal commercial body in the
C•ty duly appreciate the enlightened course adopted by
the Government, and hail with gratitude and satis-
faction the proposal of a more liberal tariff, the sub •
stitution of a " moderate fixed duty" on corn in place of the
present sliding scale, and the extinction of the system
of regulating the duties payable on Foreign corn by aver-
ages, which is injurious alike to the I indlord, the home grower,
and the consumer, and profitable only to speculators. If any
one will take the trouble to observe the working of the bread
tax, it will at once be seen that it is cunningly devised for the
benefit of the rich at the expense of the poor. It operates in
an inverse ratio, pressing with increased severity o:a those
least able to pay it. It will be found on inquiry that a
working man with jiis wife and three children, consume
about eight quartern loaves each week. Now supposing,
for the sake of illustratien, that the opening of our ports for
foreign grain, on payment of a moderate fixed duty,
will reduce the price of the quartern loaf threepence
a loaf, that diminution of price in the article of food would be
a saving to the working man of two shillings a week on an in-
come of ten shillings a week, or 20 per cent. ; it would be a
saving of 10 per cent. on an income of 20e. a week, of 5 per
cent. on 40s. a week, and so on ; and if we take it on an in-
come of 2,000/. a year, it will be found that the difference
would be only about ss. a week, or a per cent. Here then, we see
that the less a man is able to bear the bread tax, the mire
that tax demands from him. It scarcely touches the squire•
archy, the parson, and those who fare sumptuously every clay,
clothed in purple and fine lines, but it sucks the heart-blood
from the industrious poor. The rich man took care to rid him-
seS of the property tax, which touched his comforts and lux •
uries, long irzo. It is now time that the property tax, which
destroys the poor man's little means of subsistence should also
be done away
Viewing the Budget strictly in a financial point of view, it is
approved by every competent judge whose opinions are free
from the prejudice of party f: eling, and there are many mer-
chants of the Tory party in the City who perceive that it will
be a most embarrassing policy for their Parliamentary leaders
to oppose it. They see that the Chancellor of the Exchequer
is no nibbler at principles. They are conscious of his straight-
forward business-like course of conduct, and that, sweeping off
all mystification of arithmetical obscurity, he has placed his
measures practically and plainly before the country in such a
manner as every man car. read and understand them. They
are aware, therefore, that it will be a dangerous if not a fatal
attempt to oppose the Right Hon. Gentleman in his plan
of providing for 600,000/. of the deficiency of .1,700,0004
by redueing the duty on Baltic timber. They know
that the differential duty of thirty shillings sti.l maintained in
favour of the Canadian growth is an ample one, particularly
when it is a sacrifice by the people of this country to favour
colonial interests, to their own cost. and to the prejudice of
a superior article. They see that they cannot propose that
the
.people should be taxed to supply the deficiency instead of
having the taxes reduced on this necessary material in their
dwelling-houses. So, as regards the admission of foreign
sugar, they know that the differential duty of 50 per cent.,
which the mother country would still yield in favour of co-
lonial sugar, is most ample, and that they cannot say it
would be wiser to keep up the present exorbitant price,
to lay on additional burdens on the consumer, and to lose
the trade of Brazil, which takes off 5,000,0001. annu-
ally of British manufactures, instead of gaining 900,0001.
to the revenue by the change proposed in the budget.
These views are quite understood in mercantile cir-
cles, and we only express the opinions of some of
the 'best informed when we say that the measures of
relief will work well, and that they will do more than
answer the expectations of the Right. Honourable Gentleman.
We have only to add, that the best friends of the measure hope
that when once announced its authors will adhere to it with
boldness ; that they will avoid all vacillation, or vain attempts
at conciliation. We have heard the observation made to-day
in many quarters, " This is right now, if they will only stick
to it ; and when they propose their 'fixed duty, let it really be
a moderate one.' If they act in this way, the people will do
the rest."
As there was no loan, or increased taxation, asked by the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, Consols opened firm, and were
done at 90i for the Account, but is being thought by many that
the Tory faction would make a desperate resistance to the re-
moval of the bread tax, which might compel Ministers to ap-
peal to the country, prices receded to 90 to h. There was,
however, but little business done, this being a holiday at the
Bank, which it would have been also at the Stock Exchange,
had it not been for the Budget being fixed as for last night.

TIMES.—The general opinion of the Budget in the City,
with scarcely a dissentient voice, is an unfavourable one. This
is to be taken, however, apart from all contained in it which
has reference to the principles of free tade, which have always
had, and always will have, a great number of zealous advocates
in this quarter. The opinion quoted only regards figures—
the grounds upon which the Chancellor of the Exchequer is
led to expect the increase of revenue which he has declared
to be indispensable—and the fairness, taken collectively, of his
whole statement, as furnishing information, always to be de-
sired in these cases, of the real financial situat:on of
the country. It is, perhaps, in this latter particular
that the Budget is pronounced to be most defective. Any
person not in the, habit of attending to these sub-
jects is led to conclu.ie from the speech of Mr. Baring that a
deficiency of about 2,000,0001., being his estimate for 1841, is
the whole for which Parliament is required to make any pro-
vision, keeping the fact almost entirely out of view that there
is a large arrear of deficiency, the accumulation from four years
of improvident administration, amounting to above 5,000,0001.
more, which is left for aught that is set forth to the contrary,
to liquidate itself as it may. Then, in considering the means
whereby it is proposed to raise that 1,300,000/. out of the
2,000,000/., the estimated deficiency of 1841, for which
alone Mr. Baring deems it necessary to provide,
there are none who can see their way clearly to
any such result. The doctrine of making good a
large deficiency by such a modification of duty as is proposed is
regarded as most unsound by practical men. The sugar trade,
in particular, are taken completely by surprise, and regard
with the utmost alarm the entire change in their operations
which the new measure would occasion. The impression with
the leading men in the trade is, that the sweeping reduction of
the duty on foreign sugars will be attended by such a rise in
their price, that the consumption will not increase sufficiently
to answer the purposes of the alteration, and that the supposi-
tion that it will increase to such an amount as in a great mea-
sure to make good the deficiency, has been much too hastily
formed.

As for the answer of the Chancellor of the Exchequer to
the question of Mr. Berries respecting the 700,0001. still
unprovided for, it is considered most unsatisfactory. He said
that " he had omitted to state " that he would provide for that
deficiency by an issue of Exchequer-bills, the very form
of this answer being somewhat loose and un-business
like, and though he seemed to admit that the power of
using the Savings-bank Stock was unsafely trusted with
a Minister, his opinion that it was a power of which a
Minister would " naturally avail himself," could scarcely
lead to any supposition but that such "natural" means
would be resorted to, especially after Mr. Goulburn
had been plainly told, that a great part of the deficiency
of last year was to be made up by an application of the
Savings-bank money. The use of this fund is regarded more
and more with suspicion, as a means of increasing the public
debt with little or no check, while the obscurity of the opera-
tion gives it the appearance of a sort of juggle. The power
of thus using this money is, as the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer himself admitted, decidedly dangerous; at all
events contrivances of this sort cannot conduce towards
the real reduction of a deficiency, and the monied interest
are beginning to look with apprehension at the notion of
an income-tax, which, though kept rather in the hack-ground,
is evidently hinted at as a plan to which resort may ulti-
mately be had, especially if the schemes now brought for-
ward should net succeed, which, as before shown, is consi-
dered likely to be the case. The inquisition to which any tax
of the sort would most necessarily lead is naturally regarded
with great jealousy ; and as for the alteration in the Corn-
laws, which is proposed not so much as an alternative, as a
means of supplying a part of the wants left unprovided for by
the reduction of the duties on timber and sugar, this is con-
sidered less a measure seriously designed to produce
this effect, than an attempt to gain a momentary po-
pularity in the event of a dissolution of Parliament.
Hence, this combination of the Corn-law question with that
of the Budget had an unfavourable effect on the Stock-market
this morning, although there is no material decline in prices.
For at first, at perceiving the Chancellor of the Exchequer
had given no hint of the creation of stock, the apprehension
of which had weighed upon the market for some days, a sud-
den advance in the prices took place, but they gave way almost
immediately on the reflection of the unsettled state of things
that would follow a dissolution. According to the list of quo-
tations, the Budget has produced little or no effect, but accord-
ing to the opinions of experienced persons in the City, it has
awakened general feelings of mistrust and apprehension.

POST.—The publication of the financial exposition made
in Parliament last night by the Chancellor of the Exchequer
occurring the last day in the week has had no immediate effect
of consequence on the value of the national securities. There
was a thin attendance of speculators, and but little doing.

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invisible operative Voice Conductor, which, when fitted into the
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comfortable than having a piece of wool in its place. By this ex-
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come acute, but the ears are so much improved by their use, that
individuals, in a great number of instances, can hear most dis.
tinctly without them. It will therefore be seen that persons do
not incur any constant habit of being compelled at all times to
make use of them, and in consequence of the numerous individuals
having been altogether relieved from deafness, they have become in
general use. The Messrs. Solomons' newly invented Spectacle
Lenses immediately they are placed before very aged and imperfect
eyesight, either by day or candlelight, every object becomes clear and
distinct, and the most minute particle is seen with exact distinct.
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king William-street, City.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
HOUSE OF LORDS, ohy j.

The Lord Chancellor was engaged all day in the House of
Lords In further hearinc, the appeals of Campbell v. Stewart,
in which, after hearing Mr. Pemberton for the respondents.
their Lordships reserved their judgment to a future day.

waived every advantage which they might have derived from
the difficulty there Would have been in proving the identity.
With tegatd to *bat passed on that occasion, as the depositions
were not before the Court, it was utterly impossible that his
Lordship could have had any knowledge of the circumstances of
the case, except what he could derive from the indictment
itself, which went no further than to show that an assault had
been committed, without stating anything as to the circum-
stances attending it, or the nature of the injuries inflicted upon
the iedividual. t was well known that in cases of assault nothing
was more common than to let the prisoner speak to the pro-
secutor—that sse, to suffer him to make compensation
to the person injured, and if his Lordship had suggested any-
thing of the sort on the I""sent occa=ion it would have been ,
done—hut his Lord-
nothing more than what was coiZtalltly 4. been said on the
ship had done no such thing ; whatever
subject of compensation to the person injured, 11,2!! be
,:n said
by him (Sir F. Pollack). This was not a case calla,: for
very severe or exemplary punishment. These young men
had not beer, guilty of any premeditated assault. Their meet-
ing with the policeman was a matter of accident, and he must
say that he considered the sergeant was much to blame, seeing
the state of intoxication in which they were, to enter into any
conversation with them at all ; his duty was to have recom-
mended them to go home quietly, instead of which he got him-
self embroiled with them, and then commanded the policeman
who came up to take one of the parties into cus'ody, having
done which, be rode off. The friends of Lord Waldegrave
having rescued him, Captain Duff, who was assisting in free-
ing his friend, walked off, and it did not appear that up to
that time any serious injury had been inflicted on the
policeman, because he was afterwards enabled to run after
the plaintiff, and to seize one of the parties, and it was in
the scuffle which ensued after Captain Duff had left that he re-
ceived the injuries from which he was suffering. He com-
plained of the gross exaggerations which had gone forth to the
public in the newspapers as to the conduct of his client on this
unfortunate occasion, and contended that if the assault had been
committed by persons in a lower station oflife, it would have been
passed over with little or no observation. Captain Duff, throUgh
him, was desirous of submitting himself entirely to the justice
of the Court, and he deeply regretted what had occurred, and
was, and always had been, extremely desirous of making every
reparation in his power.
Mr. INlAuTirr followed on the same side.

Mr. THESIGER, for the Earl of Waldegrave, sail he had the
misfortune to appear there for a very young nobleman,
who had for months past suffered from the exaggerations of the
newspapers in respect to this unfortunate affair. He did not
complain that the affidavits for the prosecution should have
been given out for publication ; but lee did complain that those
affidavits should have been published before the affidavits
for the defence had been heard, that an es-parte s'atement
of the case should have been given, calculated not indeed to
prejudice or influence the judgment of the Court; for he was ii
well aware that it was out of the power of any publication to
do that, but to create a prejudice in the public mind. and
excite public animosity against his client. No one bad more to
cause to rejoice in the arrival of that day than Lord Waldegrave,
for now the whole case was before the public ; what did it
amount to? Was it, as it had been represented to be, a case
of premelitated, malicious, unprovoked, and almost murder-
ous outrage? No such thing. Had his Lordship, which it
was clear he had not dune, recommended that sonie
compromise should take place—that some reparation
or compensation should be made to the injured party, and the
case should not be proceeded with 'further, he (Air. T.)
was prepared to contend that such a course would have been
perfectly justifiable, would have been in accordance with what
was constantly done in cases of assault even upon policemen, and
would have amply met the justice of the ease. The whole of this
unfortunate affair was owing to the imprudence and indiscre-
tion of the police-sergeant. W hat, for instance, could he
more likely to aggravate a party of young men, heated with
wine, than his order to the constable to throw his light on
them, and his second order to him, to go and see the number
of the fly. The unfortunate sufferer himself had also
acted with great imprudence in attempting to seize one of the
party by the leg, after he was in the fly, and while the fly was
driving on. What could have been his intention? Did he
mean to drag his prisoner from the fly to the ground while
the fly was proceeding at the rapid rate that had
been represented ? Had he succeeded in doing so the
consequences might have been still more severe than
they had been. It was evident that the injury to the
brain had not been inflicted by the blows which he had re-
ceived in the scuffle, but had been occasioned by his falling from
the fly while it was proceeding at such a rapid rate, and that was
proved to be the case by the fact that it was then, and not
until then, that he found himself incapable of moving. It was
a most unfortunate accident, and advantage had been taken
of it to prejudice the defendants, because they occupied a
high rank in society. Had the assault been committed by
persons of humbler rank, although it might have occa-
sioned some little observation at the time of its occurrence,
all remembrance of it would have long since passed away from
the public mind. Whatever might be the judgment passed
upon him, Lord Waldegrave was anxious, and ever had been,
to be permitted to make such reparation to the man as would
prevent him feeling the consequences of the occurence in any
way beyond the bodily suffering which he had endured.
'through his counsel he expressed his deep regret for what
had occurred, and his anxious desire to submit himself with
all humility to the judgment of the Court.

Mr. STUART WOILTIEY followed on the same side.
Their Lordships having consulted together,
Mr. Justice Parresost proceeded to deliver the judgment
of the Court. The defendants were charged with having,
on the bth of June last, a saulted Charles William Wheatly,
a police-constable, at Hampton Wick, and interrupted him in
the execution of his duty, and with having inflicted divers in-
juries upon him. To that indictment they had pleaded guilty.
The Learned Counsel for the defendants had complained that
this transaction had been made the subject of 'gross and
exaggerated comment in the public newspapers, and such most
likely was the fact, as the Learned Counsel had so stated it to
be ; but it did so happen that not one of the Judges who were
on the bench at the time the defendants had pleaded guilty had
seen any of those accounts, not but what they might have
seen such statements—not that if they had seen them
they were at all bound, as Judges, not to read
them—but it did so happen that they had none of
them seen them, and consequently could have no know-
ledge of the transaction except what they had derived from
the affidavits; and the Learned Judge who pre-ided when the
plea of not guilty was withdrawn, and the plea of guilty entered,
had no means of acquiring any knowledge of what had taken
place except from the indictment, which merely set
forth the fact, that an assault had been committed
without stating anything as to the nature of it.
It appeared that the defendants, in company with several others,
had been dining with the defendant, Lord Waldegrave, at his
seat at Strawberry-hill, on the 4th June last, and that being
under the influence of wine they had all set off to go to King-
ston fair, and on their return from the fair it was that the as-
sault complained of had taken place. It appeared they had met
police sergeant Churchill, and had asked how far down the road
his beat extended? to which he properly replied that his o ders
prevented him from replying to such a question, whereupon
some of the party began making use of disgusting and abusive
language. 'the defendants swore that neither of them
had made use of the language complained of, and he hoped such
was the case, but still they admitted that such language was
made use of by persons in the company. It was not stated
who those persons were, or whether they were of the
same rank as the defendants, or occupied • a lower
station. This was at all events certain they must
have been persons of very low minds, and persons
exceedingly unfit to be the associates of the defendants. It
appeared from their own affidavits that after this they pro-
ceeded to take hold of the bridle of the man's horse, conduct
which, although not of a gross or outrageous nature, was yet ex-
ceedingly improper, and that when, in the execution of the
commands of his superior officer, Wheatly proceeded
towards the fly for the purpose, as he said, of see-
ing the owner's name, although perhaps they might have
imagined it was to prevent their getting into it, they pushed
.him down, and then, and not till then, did the sergeant order
him to take one of the party, who turned out to he Lord Wal-
degrave, into custody. The defendant Duff admitted he as-
sisted in rescuing the other defendant from the custody of the
police officer, and that he left before the other assault was
committed. That made a slight difference, but a very
slight one between the two cases. Lord Waldegrave,
however, got into the fly, and the policeman followed
attempting to recapture his prisoner, and seized one of the
party by the leg; they then di ove on, a person on the box hit-
ting at Wheatly at random with a stick, the defendant, Lord
Waldegrave, hitting him on the knuckles with a cane to make
him leave go his hold, and the person whose leg he had seized
kicking him ; in consequence of this he fell to the
ground, unable to move, and the wheel passed over
him. Now, if those in the fly knew that the
wheel had passed over him, and there was nothing to show that
they did not, then their conduct was most inhuman in driving
away, leaving him in the road without assistance. It had
been said that the conduct of the polioeman had been indis-
creet; but, even admitting it to have been so, although
he by no means said that such was the case, still
that was no excuse for the defendants. It was not to be borne
that persons should commence an outrage, and then, because
the persons who had been attacked in the first instance had
not acted as discreetly as they might have &Me, that those who
commenced the outrage should turn round and plead the
indiscretion as a reason why they should escape punish-
ment. Those who commenced an outrage were re-
sponsible for every thing that might subsequently occur.
Without meaning to impute wilful misrepresentation to the
defendants, he was bound to accept the version of the circum-
stances from ',the affidavits of the policeman, rather than from
theirs, because, according to their own showing, they were at
that time under the influence of wine, and therefore could not
be supposed to have a very accurate recollection of what had
takenplace. The man who drove the fly, it appeared, was sober,
but he had made no affidavit ; neither had any one of the'
party, except the two defendants. The fact of the being under
the influence of wine was pleaded as an excuse for their conduct,
but the law of the land admitted no such excuse. If a man chose
voluntarily to put himself in such a position as that his pas-
sions should have control over his reason, he must take the
consequences. It might, however, be taken thus tar in mitiga-
tion. Had they been sober at the time they set out, it would
have served to argue a premeditated design to commit. some
outrage, which, however, under the circumstances, did
not appear to be the case. It often happened that
assaults of this nature were committed by persons of low
station while in a state'd intoxication ; and in those cases,
although the public safety required that such persons should be
punished, yet some pity might be felt, and some sympathy
might be manifested towards them on account of their having
had their education neglected, of their having been left to
themselves, and their crime being, perhaps, more the
consejluence of their misfortune than their laults. But when
men, occupying a rank and station in society to which the public
generally lookedfor example, and in which they were not n'ten
disappointed—when such men voluntarily degraded themselves
to the level of the unfortunate class to which he had before al-
luded, they had no right to pity, they could expect no sympa-
thy. It had been stated that their rank was an aggravation of
their offence, and so it was to a certain extent ; not, however,
that they were to be punished solely on account of their rank.
The law had marked these cases of assault on police-officers in
the execution of their duty as cases of a more aggravated
nature than cases of common assault. The defendant had
offered compensation and reparation, but it never could be
borne that any man could be permitted by his wealth to pur-
eha.,e the privilege of committing outrages of this na-
ture. He must, as well as others, pay in person
for his offences. In ordinary cares of this description
the offence was generally committed by a class of per sons
whose poverty was such as absolutely to preclude them from
pa)ing in purse, and on whom the infliction of a fine, accom-
panied as it always was by imprisonment until the fine should
be paid, would he tantamount to a sentence of perpetual im-
prisonment. But in cases where persons could afford to pay
in purse as well as in person, there was not any reason
why the Court should not inflict a fine as well as sen-
tence them to pay in person. I have already observed,"
concluded his Lordship, " that there is a slight difference, al-
though a very slight difference,between your two cases. 'faking
all the circumstances of the case into our consideration the
sentence of the Court upon you George Edward, Earl of
Waldegrave, and upon you William John Duff, is, that you be
each of you imprisoned in the custody of the Marshal
of the llarshalsea, that is in the Queen's Bench pri-
son, for the space of six calendar months, and that you
George Edward Earl of Waldegrave, do pay to her Majesty
a fine of 2001., and you William John Duff, a fine of 20/., and
that you be further imprisoned until such fines shall be paid."
The defendants then left the Court-in custody.

Mr. Robert Gordon, M.P., for Windsor, has
religned 11i5 office of Fir &acid, Secretary
.of her Majesty's
Treasury.

ABERDEEN CIRCUIT COURT OF
JUSTICIARY.
The half-yearly Circuit Court of Justiciary was ripened at
Aberdeen, on Wednesday week, by Lords Mackenzie aild Med-
wyn; Archibald Davi&on, Esq., Advocate-Depute.
The caves, which were about twenty-six in number,
were chiefly those of theft, habit and repute, and previous coo-
vietion. Tne following were the only cases of any interest :
Leslie Robertson, a little phyiical-force-looking boy of about
twelve yeas of age, was brought up the dock-stairs hurraing.
and on being placed at the bar on a charge of having stolen a
grate from the premises of Mr. Forbes, of Echt, Regent Quay,
pleaded not guilty. He was one of the most impudent little
scamps that we ever saw at the bar, and kept ince!sarrtly
talking and muttering to those in his neighbourhood. Lord
Medwyn had frequently to administer a rebuke, but he seemed
incorrigible.
Adhering to his plea of not guilty, a Jury was empanelled,
a--,:!1 the case went to proof. When asked to stand up, for the
being identified by the first witness, he pertly re-
purp:e
" I won'!:" and then fixing his eyes on the witness,
clapped his thumb to hi: nose, spreading out his fingers, and
grinning like a fiend, said, "!.00k here." The evidence was
so clear and concluaive, that the .;:2ty were neither addressee
by the public prosecutor nor the prisoner's Counsel. A verdict
was given, finding him guilty, as libelled; and Lord Mackenzie,
in pa=sing sentence of seven years' transportation, made spe-
cial reference to the violent conduct of the prisoner at the bar.
On his sentence being ancounced, the prisoner commenced a
dance in the dock, hurraing and waving his bonnet round his
head, and bawled out, " Three cheers for Botany Bay."

ISLES OF WIGHT
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
Norris Castle and Estate are we hea.., about is change
hands ; dgentlemanof lat ge fortune is in treaty for the purchase
A .NEw Tgeffs,—A company of London speculators has, we
hear, purchwed the estate of Mr. Chamberlain at East
Cowes, adjoining tlft Earl of Shannon's, and propose build-
inz a number of deta:thed villas.. The spot selected is
admirably adapted for the purpose, and if carried out
according to the propostid plans. will have a very se-
r'ous effect on the new tow:'
Ventnor, which from
the mildness of its situation, is throt.:
ed with visitors, part
lady consumptive patients, who dero..l great benefits trom
their visits to this English Madeira. East .Cowes Pack has thecation,
ea6l°
same aspect, and a greater facility of commutos,,anr' it being
iy
within four hours of London, while Ventnor takes': double
time to reach it. Whatever may be said of the beautiful
situations of Cowes, Ryde, and Norris, they have all the saml
very swims drawback, being all exposed to the keen north a..-
east, and therefore are not fit for the winter residences of per-
sons in a weak state of health. The new site is beautifully si-
tuated, and open only to the south and west, the views are
delightful, the air mild, genial, and salubrious. The plan
(on paper) particularly pretty, and the landing good at all
times; but we have seen so many of these fine projects vanish
like castles in the air, that we must see something of a more
substantial nature before we can calculate on the population of
East Cowes being much increased.
The steamers are to make seven trips from Southampton to
Cowes daily, as follows :—at 6,9, I 114„ 3,5, 6i ; from
Cowes to Southton at 7,9, 11, 11. 2,4, 6, to meet the rail-
road train, which will leave Southton at 6, 94, 12, 1%, 4, 61,
and London at 7,9, 11, 1,3, 5, commencing about the 10th
instant. The complaint of the exces•ive charge made for
parcels still continues ; they charge as much from Southamp.
ton to Cowes as from London to Southampton.
SouT mPTOw.—Major-General Rufane Shaw Donkin,
G.C. 8., M.P. for Sandwich, destroyed himself at his residence,
Portland-street, Southampton, on Saturday ; he had been con-
sidered for some time not to be in sane mind, and had been
watched by his attendants, but in their temporary absence he
hung himself.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
(LLOYD'S.)
LONDON, MAY 3.—Wind this day at noon N.E., heavy
rain.
LivEaroor. MAY 1. —Wind S.S.E. 2. Wind N.N.W.,
light.—Arrived the Paris, King, from New Orleans ; Emerald,
Buenos Ayres ; Cera, Honduras ; Fleurs, Havannah ; Queen,
Hoscason, New Orleans ; Mountaineer, Hickey, Savannah ;
Queen Victoria, Black, Mobile. Sailed the Robert Hender-
son, for Batavia; Camoens, Trinidad; William and Elizabeth,
New Orleans ; Manchester, Boston ; Queen of Britain, Alex-
andria; Rhoda, Leghorn; Isabel, Singapore; Elva Heywood,
Monte Video; Jersey Tar, Pernambuco; Leo, Quebec. A
large steamer has hove to off B. 111. Beacon, waiting for water
to enter the Victoria Channel. 520 r.m.—The telegraph has
just announced that the steamer is entering the Victoria Chan.
nel, but has not shown her numbers. Arrived off, the Aca-
dia steamer, from Boston.
DEAL, MAY 2,—Wind SW., fresh breeze.—Arrived Forti-
tude, from Singapore, with loss of boat, bulwarks, &c., having
been struck by a heavy sea off Cave Finisterre ; Bolivar,
Cadiz. Arrived from the River, Willom Metcalfe, for Port
Philip ; Andromeda, Singapore ; Larkins, Madras ; Samaran,
do. ; Ariel, Mauritius ; Havanna, for Antigua; Belvidere,
for Montreal ; John Horsfer, Cape Coast Castle
PORTSMOUTH, MAY 2.—Wind W.—Arrived, Samson,
from London, and sailed for New York.
SOUTHAMPTON, MAY I.—Arrived Royal 'Tar, from Gib-
raltar, left 22d ult., Cadiz, 23d, Lisbon, 26th, Oporto, 27th,
Vigo, 28th.
COWES, MAY 2:—Arrived Elizabeth Maria, from Mavannah.
DARTMOUTH.—Arrived, Ellen Gillman, from St. 13ichael's.
FALMOUTH, MAY I.—Wind E. to s.E., fresh bretz.es.—
Arrived, Oriental. and proceeded for Malta ; Eleanor, Sslphie,
Messina ; Skiold, do.
PENZANCE Argil, 30.—Arrived the Juno, Jans, from M.l-
- Major Ogilvie, Xagua ; Robert Taylor, Shields for
Miramichi. The Sylvia revenue cutter is off the port, having
a ship in tow, with loss of fore and main topmasts ; they are
reaching to the eastward on a wind.
GUERNSEY, APRIL 28.—Arrived the Maria, from Havan-
nah. Sailed the Rollo, for Labrador ; Christy and Jean,
ditto; Concord, ditto; Laurel, ditto; Flora, ditto; Superb,
ditto ; Canopus, ditto.
SWANSEA, MAY I.—Arrived the Alexander, Harvey, Cuba.
CLYDE, Arast 30.—Sailed the John, Mitchell, for Cal-
cutta; Commodore, Rio Janeiro; Rowallem, Trinidad; Ariel,
ditto ; Rainbow, Montreal; Clutha, New York.
APRIL 28.—The Agnes, from the Clyde to Sligo,
put into Lochindahl yesterday ; the master reports, that when
lying to off Arranmure in a gale, 24th inst., there was a
barque and schooner close to leeward, when a shower, with a
heavy squall came on, and upon its clearing up, he saw the
barque, with nothing but her lower masts standing, but no
sight of the schooner, from which circumstance he is fearful
the latter is lost.

WHITBY, APRIL 2.—The Prince of Wales, of Newcastle,
and Harmony, of Sunderland, ran on Whitby rock this morn-
int? during a fog, but are expected to be got off.
'WATERFORD APRIL 28.—Arrived the Peace, Davies, from
Swansea, with loss of boats, bulwarks, &c. Sailed the Mar-
garet, for Trinidad ; John, Newfoundland ; Don, Reed, Mira-
michi ; Perseverance, Kingston, Courtmasherry.
Coax, APRIL 30.—Arrived the Jubilee, Arylerson, from"
Monte Video ; Huron, Sibbeson, Savannah, with loss of rud-
der. Sailed the Barbara Ann, Atkinson, for Newfoundland;
King of Tyre, Smarden, ditto ; Elizabeth, Wilson, ditto ;
Cremore, Shepley, London. Off port, Middleton, Tennan,
from Buenos Ayres.
BELFAST, APRIL 30.—Sailed the Lady Mary Fox, Sower-
by, for Demerara • St. Mary, Grnby, Quebec. The Queen,
Hawkins, from Shields to Londonderry, was driven ashore in
this harbour, during a violent gale, on the 24th ult.—part, if
not all the cargo must be discharged before she can be got off.
PLYMOUTH, MAY I.—A large French ship, with main and
wizen masts gone, bound to Honfleur, was passed on the 27th
April, in long. 8, by the Flora, Jansen, arrived here for Ant-
werp. The Elizabeth and Ann, LowoMd, for Liverpool,
was driven on the rocks during a gale on the 24th, and must
discharge. Arrived the Cato, Hchr, from Malaga; John
Rencock, for Sydney, New South Wales ; Runnymede,
for ditto; Ann, ditto, for Quebec; Margaret Ogilvie, Smith,
Cubs. Sailed the Goede, Hins ght, for Tarragona.
• BRISTOL, MAY 2.—Arrived the Pomona, Smith, from Tri-
nidad; lona, Alexandria.
SHIELDS, MAY I.—Sailed the Clementina, for Barcelona ;
Honor, Constantinople.

INFANCY.—An infant requires a secretion
afforded by another's system, and requires this to be brought
to it; it requires others to ke:wp it warm, to protect it from
injury, to keep it c'ean, and to tend it in every way : and
I suspect, fer reasons which I shall hereafter give, that a
living influence was communicated to it in utero, by the
maternal fluids which entered,ieto its system, end by the
surrounding body of its mother in whom it lay, and that,
after birth, a living influence is communicated of the
highest importance in the milk poured into its system di-
rectly from its mother's breast without the intervention of
a moment for this to lose its vital properties, and by the
contact of the mother when it is lying in her bosom. Not
only do ebildrea generally die which are fed with milk that
has stood in vessels after having been taken from the
breast of a brute, and with vegetable mater, whatever
care be taken of them; but chickens which are hatched
and afterwards kept warm artificially, though their food is
the same, and the utmost care be bestowed upon them, ac-
quire size and vigour more slowly than those which have
the benefit of the hen's nursing, and therefore the contact
of her body. There xas an old idea that animal heat was
different from common beat. The moderns argue that
caloric is always caloric, and that therefore the wisdom of
our ancestors in this matter was folly. But though ca.
loric is always caloric, it does not follow that with it some
other principle may not co-exist in animals and be commu-
nicated. I know a clergyman in Essex who has severe
pains in his legs relieved by no other friction than with the
hand of another, nor by any other warmth.than that commu.
nicPted to his lower extremities when sitting between two
persons, as in a coach, in which be was struck with the
discovery. The aged David had good reason on his bide,
when he had a young virgin to tie in his bosom. The
communicator of course looses in proportion, and therefore
Dr. Copland declares he has frequently known children
become weak and pale from sleeping with the aged. The
greatest toe of the church, therefore, cannot doubt the pro-
priety of its' order that a man shall not marry his grand-
mother. While a woman can bear children, she is in the
prime of life, and therefore not in a state to derive vigour
f,om her infant, bet to impart vigour to it. If old women
bred, their nursing as mothers would probably be delete.
rious. —Elliotson's Human Physiology.
VOLTAIRE attended our rehearsals, as well as
our performances at Forney. I can fancy I see him now,
in his every-day dress, consisting of grey stockings and
grey shoes, a large waistcoat of bazin descending nearly
to his knees, a large wig squeezed into a little black velvet
cap, turned up in front; the whole completed by a robe-de.
chambre, likewise of bazin. the c ,rners of which he would
sometimes tuck into the waistband of his small-clothes.
Arrayed in this costume, any other person would have
looked like a caricature ; but the appearance of Voltaire,
so far from suggesting any idea of the ridiculous, was cal-
culated to command respect and interest. On ordinary
occasions, when he happened to enter into conversation
with any of the members of. our theatrical troop, his man-
ner was marked by good-humoured familiarity. But when
he superintended our rehearsals there was a truce with
pleasantry • then he was all in all the dramatic poet ; and
one, too, ;hose correct judgment, and refined taste, were
not to be easily satisfied.—Theodore Hook's French
Stage.
THE PRINCE DE CANING.--The Gazette du
Midi F. tate;--4' On Thursday arriv..,cl at MEr.eilles, on
hoard the Tancrede, from Cirita Vecchia, the ilde't son
of Lucien Bonaparte, who sow bears th, title of Prince
de Canino. He is accompanied by his son, who is now
about eight years old. The Prince has several times re-
ceived permission from Government to pass through France.
With him also landed Monseigneur de Falloux du Cou-
dray, a prelate of the Pope's household, and the Bishops
of Verdun and Valence, who have been on a visit to
Rome."
REVENUE.—From a return recently moved for
be Mr..161,n O'Connell. 's'. P., it appears that the payments
nito the Exchequer of British tevonm fro.a I6iio to ieql
amounted in that pet iod to 1,936,049.6611., and that the pay-
ments into the Exchequer of Irish revenue, during the same
period, amounted to 150,189,340/.