The Sun.
London, England, 1848-07-17 00:00:00

No. 17,412.] LONDON, MONDAY El

PUBLICA TIONS.

just published, in 2 vols. post Svo., with Plans, price 18s. cloth,
`KETCHES of the LAST NAVAL WAR.
Translated from the French of Captain E. JURIEN DE LA
GRAVIEItE ; with an Introduction anti Explanatory Notes, by the
Bon. Captain PLUNKET I', R.N.
A desirable, interesting, and Intelligent addition to the histories
of the last naval war."—Morning Advertiser.
Captain Plunkett is entitled to thanks for having introduced these
historical sketches to the English reader is an English dress. The
narratite la-is great literary merits."—Spectator.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
By the same Author, post svo., Bs. Gd.,
The PAST and the FUTURE of the BRITISH NAVY. Second
Edition, with Notes, and new Information.

THE DOCTOR, &c , IN ONE VOLUME.
Just published, in square crown Bvo., with Portrait, Vignette, Title-
page, and Bust of the Author, price 215., cloth,
THE DOCTOR, &c. By the late ROBERT
SOUTHEY. A New Edition, complete in One Volume.
Edited by the Author's Son-in-Law, the lt4v. JOHN WOOD
WAItTER.
" As delightfnl a multum in parvo of quaint gossip, amusing anec-
dote, thoughtful reflection, and qtute wonderful stores of various read-
ing, as any book existing in the languaee."—Examiner.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

THE SCHLE -WIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION.
Published this day, in Bvo., price 65. 6d. cloth.
ON the RELATIONS of the DUCHIES of
SCHLESWIG and HOLSTEIN to the CROWN of DEN-
MARK and the GERMANIC CONFEDERATION, and on the Treaty-
Engagements of the Great European Powers in reference thereto.
By TRAVERS TWISS, D.C.L., F.R.S., Fellow of University College,
Oxford, and Advocate in Doctors' Commons.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

Preparing for publication,
THE JUDGES of ENGLAND: with Sketches
of their Lives, and Miscellaneous Notices connected with the
Courts at Westminster from the Time of the Conquest. By ED-
WARD FOBS, F.S.A., of-the Inner Temple.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
•

Now ready, price Sixpence,
A N ADDRESS to the MIDDLE CLASSES,
upon the subject of GYMNASTIC EXERCISES.
By LORD DALMENY.
James Ridgway, Piccadilly ; Sims, Manchester ; M'Glashan, Dub-
lin ; Black, Edinburgh; Webb, Liverpool; Bingham, Bristol; and
all Booksellers.

NEW SCHOOL BOOK BY MISS CORNER.
On M.nday, July 17, wil be published, price Is. sowed, or ls. 6d.
bound in cloth, with a Map,
EVERY CHILD'S HISTORY of ENGLAND,
with Questions to each Chapter. By MISS CORNER, author
of the " Historical Library," of the " Play Grammar," &c., &c.
CORNER'S ACCURATE HISTORY of ROME, from accepted
English and Foreign Authorities, as Macpherson, Keightley, Smith's
and Adams's Greek and Roman Antiquities, Dr. Arnold, Niebuhr,
&c., &c. With Questions to each Chapter, and a Map of the Roman
Empire. New Edition, with Chronolcglcal Table. 3s. 6d. in cloth,
lettered.
CHARLES BUTLER'S GUIDE to USEFUL KNOWLEDGE.
Containing, in the form of an easy familiar Catechism, a complete
,3eries of the Newest and most Useful information connected with the
Arts, Sciences, and the Phenomena of Nature. Second Edition.
Is. 6d. cloth.
CHARLES BUTLER'S EASY GUIDE to GEOGRAPHY. A
New, Pleasing, and Concise Description of the Five great Divisions
of the Globe ; the Empires, Kingdoms, and States into which they
are divided; their natural, mineral, and vegetable productions ; and
the number and characteristics of their inhabitants. ls. 6d. bound
In cloth. Second Edition. Or, with the Use of the Globes, and Seven
Glyphegraphie Maps. 21. bound in cloth.
The reception of Miss Corner's Historical Library into numerous
Establishments for the Education of the rising generation, has in-
duced the Author to prepare a series of Questions to several of the
Histories for the use of the School-room. A Prospectus of the His-
torical Library, consisting of separate histories of every country in
Europe, may be had on application to the Publishers.
London : Dean and Son, Threadneedle-street ; and sold by Alfred
Tullett, School Stationer, 117, High-street, Whitechapel ; and all
Booksellers.

STRICTURES OF THE URETHRA : Prevalent and Dangerous

Errors in their Treatment.
Just published, price 55., (by post free, 65.,) Bvo., in cloth,
THE PATHOLOGY AND RATIONAL
TREATMENT of STRICTURES of the URETHRA, in all
their Varieties and Complications. With Practical Observations no
the Use and Abuse of Instruments in the Treatment of Urethral Dis-
eases, showing that the unnecessary employment of instruments is
a frequent exciting cause of stricture, and that a want of practical
knowledge and manual dexterity in their use, when necessary, is the
s"urce of most of the severe, ion 'protracted, and complicated cases
of that disorder so fatally prevalent. The whole illustrated by nu-
merous cases.
By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.E.
Published by H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street ; Maeachlan, Stew-
art, and Co., Edinburgh ; Hodges and Smith, and atinier and Co.,
Dublin ; Simms and Denham, Manchester ; DelghtoFn and Laughton,
Liverpool ; and all Booksellers.

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This office was established in 1841, and possesses tables formed On
a scientific basis for the assurance of diseased lives.
Policies of twelve months standing are not affected by suicide,
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should death ensue from any of these causes.
Policies Issued by this Society give the Person whose life is assured
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payment of certain, but small and fixed, rates of premium, which are
indorsed on the Policy at the time when first issued.
HEALTHY LIVES, both at Home and in Foreign Climates, are
Assured with as much facility and at lower rates than at most other
offices; and a capital of Half-a-Million sterling fully subscribei
affords a complete guarantee for the fulfilment of the Company's
engagements.
Prospectuses and Forms of Proposal will be forwarded, postage
free, on application to any of the Society's Agents, or to FRANCIS
G. P. NEISON, Actuary, 25, Pall-mall, London.

BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
EXTENSIVE SALE OF CHOICE OLD BOTTLED WINES.
TO be SOLD, by AUCTION, by Mr. ED-
WARD TEWSON, on MONDAY and TUESDAY, the 24th and
25th days of July, 1848, Without reserve,
The whole of the valuable and Important Cellars of very choice old
WINES of the late Challis Sheath, Esq., deceased, on the premises
In Skirbeck Quarter, near Boston, Lincolnshire, consisting of 880
dozens in Bottle, of Wines of the most approved vintages, including
Webtier's, Currie's, and Rorez's Ports,. from five to thirty years in
bottle ; fine old East India Sherry ; superior old Brown Sherry ;
Pale and Golden Sherry ; Champagne; Clarets ; Hock ; Johannis-
berg ; Micelles ; Teneriffe ; Sauterne ; White Hermitage ; St. Peray ;
Curagoa ; Rudesheimer ; Maraschino ; lokay ; East and West India
Madeira; Rivesiltes, &c., &c.
Also, one hogshead Port, and one hogshead Sherry, in bond.
The Sale will commence each day at Eleven k precisely.
Catalogues are now ready, and may be had of Mr. Porter, Printer;
Mr. Fricker, Herald OfllCe ; the Peacock and Red Lion Dm, Boston ;
Mr. Joshua Tewsos, Stamford ; Messrs. Wood, Grantham; Mr.
Gentle, Spalding; Mr. Brogden, Lincoln Mr. Hollis, Spilsby ; Mr.
Singleton, Sleaford ; Mr. Harrison, Wisbech ; Mr. Lumby, Doning-
ton ; Mr. Crow, Wainfleet ; Messrs. Beeston, Holbeach ; and of the
Auctioneer, Boston and Horneastle.
The Auctioneer respectfully invites the attention of the Nobility,
Clergy, and Gentry to this Sale, the well-known character of these
Wines being fully established, having been selected, regardless of ex-
pense; they are of such age and quality as are rarely to be met with,
and their soundness and powerful aroma will be better judged of by
tasting than by anything that call he said hare.
Wide Bargate, Boston, June 24, 1848.

A A E.
One half the world are desolately single, and the other
suarrid, questionably contented. lilfildence, or a
sense ofposing rightthem detmermeine the former, and miscalculates hopes em-
Sitter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
comprosing harry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical. incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic ha. ppiness
and social content. The dowry should net he the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and justice densaad that health should form au item
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Illighted hopes or
neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
üb.
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
MEMOIRS ' On Single and Married Life," p in 2 vols., Is.
each (by cost, in stamps, Is. Gd. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hirsdered
oy mieinterpretatior, of their supposed contents, from obtaining
They are not intended certainly for mere idle cariosity, but
'or the closet perusal of those more deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
'ogether, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
ittle publications claim your attention (Caine price Is. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
ilfe,who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—tc live alter nature's laws—and to keep always
on the " sunny side of the way." The above works may be bad of
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet .street ' • Mann,
39, Cornhill; liaison, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other-
wise) from the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings and. evenings), 10, Argyll-plaee Regent-street; and all
Booksellers.

REMOVED TO 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE.
DR. LA'MEICT ON THE mEctrEr ii...rrritmlTrE.S or YOUTH
AND MATURITY.—WITH 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON
STEEL.
, ishori nfOarty-t Sealedw o
JustEnp,he
lbol
pi seh, edi,s
.a no ad ,1 n,
oa
ry be eo hadpost-free,
_fr e
ei n, F r
frothen cthh
eo r A
uEtnitgolri
Stamps,
SELF-PRESERVATION; a Medical Treatise
on the Physiology of Marriage, Infelicitous and Unproductive
:ical
a a
ir vta r t e
o
Unions, and the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Ma-
turity, usually acquired at an early period of life, which n
the physical and mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the
ie.r .he
feelings, and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ;
Observations on the Treatment of Nervous Debility and Indigestion,et
whether arising front these causes, close study, or the influence of
tropical climates: Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis,
Stricture, and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from Indis-
cretion. With Forty coloured Engravings, illustrating the
Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs,
explaining their structures, uses, and Innetions, and the various
injuries that are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and
i election. BY SAMUEL LA'3IERT, M.D.,
17, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Ilall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
Marriage reqttires the fulfilment of several conditions. in order
that it may be really the cause of mutual happiness. Could the
veil. which covers the origin of domestic wretchedness, be raised,
and its true source in every instance disclosed,
in how many could
it be traced to physical disqualifications and their attendant disap-
pointments. Excesses are always injurious; the giftc , which when
when
used in moderation is fraught with advantage,
beomes,
abused • the prolific source of mischief and of greater or
excesses, on
less injury
to the constitutional and vital powers. The particular
the nature and consequence of which this Treatise professes to di
late,
are productive of greater reverity of misery to the human name,than any other to which it is subject.
This work contains an accurate andßeproduc complete account of the
of
Anatomy and Phyeiology, heßeproductive and
their relative conditions in health and disease. It esedl
requires the closest attentien and study, for what subject say
be of more importance than the preservation of the health
and of the physical capabilities of which every man should
be possessed. it unfortunately happens that the unhappy
victim of excessive indulgence and vicious habits, whether acquired
in early life or from the follies of advanced age, while suffering
(tom their invariable consequeaces, unwisely entertains a tear of ap-
plying to a qualified physician for relief. Shame and the dread SO
rrequently, but erroneously entertained that these complaints are
beyond the reach of art, alike restrict him and prevent his seeking
aor assistance where alone it can be procured. In acting thus, he
forgets that accurate discrimination n ascertaining the causes of
.lisease, sympathy with the sufferer, and, above all, secrecy, inva-
riably characterise the intelligent and practical physician, and to the
...edical man who can show by his posse, sion of the requisite legal
qualifications that ho is entitled to esteem and respect in his profes-
,LioAn,.salfl pursuits, the utmost confidence should be extended. Dr.
the
es
certify,
te and
e for IItT has obtained the highest medical honours, as his diplomas
greatpro,sf seixont extent
experience,
of hi his practicewhich has re
lernrieafiewi};c years arsisa
aaaranalmost
solely to the treatment of these diseases.
Published by the Author, and may be had of Kent and Richards,
52, Pateniostet -row ; Illafrillo usnas}e-, o
115xford -street; Static, Tichborne-
street, Haymarket ;
Leadenhall-street, London • , , Fleet. stree*. ; Gordon, 146,
may 'la's're'offlr-coleltebily
mm tie Author, who
Or by letter, daily, from Ten till Two, opnotsht
esfoerditsoo
forty-two
w personally
stamps,
' T '
o, and from Five till . E'irh at his
reek:ea:es 17. tedf):4-ciguara I.4)adoa. .-
. ''

TEAS AT WHOLESALE PRICES.
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Black, 2s. Bd., 35., 3s. 4d., 3s. Bd., 45., 45. 4d., ss.
Green, 35., 3s. 4d., 3s. Bd., 45., 55., 65., 7s.
Coffee, 91, 10d., Is., Is. 2d., Is. 4d., Is. 6d., Is. 81
Delivered free of carriage to any part of England.
CARRIAGE FREE TO ANY PART OF
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ELECTRO and SIIEL"FIELD PLATE.—The
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T. COX SAVORY and Co., 47, Cornbill, London, seven doo s from
Graeochurel, street.

ABSTRACT OF THE ARGUMENT

FOR UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE.
Theorem.—Every man, not a criminal, residing in
those islands of the British empire from which repre-
sentatives are sent to the Commons House of Parlia-
ment ought to have a vote in the election of those repre-
sentatives.*

1. Because such vote belongs to him by intrinsic
natural right. Every man possesses his natural powers
wholly and independently within himself. Possessing
his powers thus wholly and independently within him-
self, he possesses the right of concurring or not con-
curring with others in the particular uses they can be
applied to. This right in organized society is neither
more nor less then the right to a vote in making the
laws. .

2. Because such vote belongs to him by essential
social right. Every man having been born absolutely
his own and no one's else, and possessing in his life,
nature, and powers, originally independently of society,
either never becomes a member of society at all, or
else he does so by his own free act or consent. If he
never becomes a member at all, then society has no
right to exact his obedience; but if, for its own pur-
poses, it does exact his obedience, it is bound to give, at
the least, the full benefit which would have availed to
the individual if the consent had been free; to do other-
wise were only extorting a penalty in addition to the
infliction of an aggression. If he, on the other hand, is
held a member of society by his own full and free cLn-
sent, then that consent of his rests on the understanding,
first, that he is able to obey the laws, second, that he
shall receive certain benefits—to wit, security of person
and property—for so doing. But if neither he nor any
on his behalf make the laws, he cannot know whether
they will be such as he is able to obey; and by consequence
he cannot say he will obey them, and so cannot so much
as enter into the primary compact to do so. Furthermore,he
has no guarantee beyond the bare promise of society, that
it will afford him what he is required to resign—his
intrinsic natural right (proved alone) to obtain. And it
is contrary to reason that he should take the promise of
society to act in this matter of conflicting interests
against itself; it keenly feeling its own needs and wishes;
and in behalf of him not feeling his needs and wishes.
Unless he be part of society in making the laws for
itself, he has no guarantee that they will not be made
to his cost. Nay, there is the highest probability that
they will be so made ; for the legislation of society is
essentially repressive, and apt its own members; and, of
ccurse, at will be most repressive, most against the
member who is not present to take his own part.
Therefore, on one branch of the understanding (obe
dience, with the matter of obedience unknown) the com-
pact is impossible, and as regards the other it is absurd,
and such as no reasonable man can be taken for granted
to make, inasmuch as it involves surrender of high value
on the strength of a promise which there is the highest
moral probability will be broken.
3. Because it is a British constitutional right (I do
not say a legal right).
Ist. For Christian doctrine is an essential portion of
the doctrine of the constitution ; and it is an essential
portion of Christian doctrine that no man act contrarily
to his conscience. Now he who has not a representative
in the Legislature is perpetually liable to be called on
to obey laws to which neither he nor any one on his
behalf has consented. Furthermore, in all cases where
also lie could not consent, he is bound by his conscience to
disobey the law. His law and his religion are in con-
trariety to each other. But inasmuch as the greatest
authority is to be obeyed in all cases, and the religion of
the Constitution, which is divine, and cannot be changed,
is supei ior to the law, which is human, and can be changed,
there follows this anomalous position—that it is the cue-
trine of the Constitution that such a man ought to break
the law of the land ; which is absurd. Bat had this man
had a representative in the Legislature, he would have
been bound to obey the objectionable law, inasmuch as
that it was decreed by an authority of which he was a
virtual member, and thus had his virtual consent—
(such is the position, for instance, of all Quakers who
vote in the election of Members of Parliament).
Now it must be allowed that inasmuch as the Constitu-
tion, which is a positive unity, cannot in the nature of
things be at the same time anomalous, that doctrine
whereby there is no anomaly is the constitutional
doctrine; and that whereby there is, is unconstitutional.
Consequently, it is constitutional that no man should
be without a representative in the Legislature. Secondly,
it is the unequivocal doctrine of the British Constitution,
That they who furnish the funds necessary for the sup-
port and transaction of Government should control the
expenditure of those funds. Now those funds are (as
shall be hereafter shewn) directly, fully, and propor-
tionately furnished by all in common, and not by the
half-million at present represented out of the seven
millions existent. Therefore all in common, or the seven
millions existent, have constitutionally (I do not say
legally) the right of vote for a representative.
4. Because it is a religious right. The Christian
religion rests upon every man tho duty of worshipping
Gott according to his own conscience ; at.d it will
on no account whatever excuse the neglect to do SO.
All public ordinances' therefore, on religious matters
ought to be made with regard to that conscience. But
this can only be done by every man's conscience being
ostensibly represented in the Legislature. Nothing else
makes him amenable to the law when that law is con-
trary to his conscience. That does. The unrepresented
Qeals••r is bound to allow the seizure of his goods in
eischarge of church-rates: the Quaker who sends his
representative to the Parliament of the nation is neither
bound nor justified in so doing, inasntech as he first de-
putes his power of making the law to his representative,
and then breaks the law he has virtually assisted to
make: clearly an error.
5. Because the highest excellence of legislation con•
sists in its moral rectitude, and such excellence is best
secured by universal suffrage. A legislation not pos-
sessing moral rectitude is warred against by the whole
course of Divine Providence. Nothing can be substantial,
permanent, or truly prosperous under it. In the morel
rectitude of actions consists their prudence and real ex-
pediency, Wherefore, the true test of a good legislator
is his moral excellence. And as like will choose like,
and the virtuous elector will return the virtuous repre-
sentative, and vice versa, to ensure the stability and
prosperity of a state, the test of fitness for the pos-
session of the elective franchise should be mural
excellence. And of that there is no criterion, politically,
except non-criminally. The man who has not violated
the law is to the state the virtuous man. Education is
only a secondary test of fitness in either representative
or elector. The statistics of the subject have shown
nothing with regard to it beyond the tact that educated
persons are guilty of fewer crimes of physical violence
and illegal fraud. They have not shewn that such per-
sons do not commit as great and numerous crimes which
no laws have been made to reach. So that the educa-
tional test is nonsense and a fantasy. The true test is
moral worth. Of that there is no criterion except non-
conviction of crime. Consequently all not convicted of
(Time possess the great particular eligibility for the
franchise.'

6. Because of the immensely increased difficulty, or
rather impossibility, of bribing or intimidating electors
under a system of universal suffrage, compared with
hat existing under a restricted suffrage; together with
the certainty that whilst a bribed or intimidated elector
is and must he, in the very nature of things, sending an
immoral, and therefore (as shown above) unfit repre-
sentative into the Legislature, and thus ensuring, so far,
the enactment of bad and therefore (as shown above)
adverse and futile laws, the unbribed and unintimidated
elector may at all events, and most probably will, give
his vote to a virtuous, moral, and fit representative,
whose measures will be just, and so far prosperous and
permanent.
7. Because of the exceeding benefit that would accrue
to the legislatorial body itself from the extension of tin.
suffrage to a point involving the imposstutfity of bribery
and intimidation : first, by doing away with all
those bribery and intimidation investigations, which now
occupy the time of the Legislature, and waste considerable
sums of the public money; bring discredit on the na-
tional reputation; and divest many good and honourable
electors for the time being of their voices in making the
law for the offences of their co-
electors, and even in the
case of minorities of the very representatives they all
along had said were not fit to serve in Parliament; and
so leaving the standing House of Legislation itself in-
complete pro tempore ; and, secondly, by causing Parlia-
mentary candidates individually to regard intrinsic worth
and energy as the condition of their eligibility, instead
of mere wealth, which involves neither wisdom nor vir-
tue, and discouraging wrong-meaning and
no-meaning
men, so far as regards true national duty, from coming
forward for the office: and thus altogether constituting
the House of Commons of better materials, and placinL,
them in a more advantageous position.
S. Because universal suffrage Yields the only logical
answer on equitable principles to the physical-force
man. He says:—"l was born with certain func-
tions and faculties. The Constitution offers to en-
sure me my personal liberty in the enjoyment of
them. Beyond the control of society, tho first, the chief,
TnY personal liberty
; food for my wife and
the (nand, the all-necessary use of
wouldt' be to get food—food—food
little ones. Now you have made such had laws that I
cannot (y 'et that food. There is an artificial labour for
me, and if I fall bitck on natural you imprison me for a
trespass. Frye, your laws break our compact. You
you nothing. I
give me nothing, and therefore I owe
must take what I can ; and if you can kill me, you must.
But if you do, I shall try my veryl b.est to try to kill you
for it." (witncaa'the last physical -force movement front
in Paris, June, 1848.) NT
this very cause —ow, what this
if he have had man says is perfectly sound,
no
voice in
making the laws. And society is the true physical-
forcist, not the man. For whereas he is ready to fulfil
his share of the compact if
he gets the prot,ction society
is not able to fulfil its share though it should get the al-
legiance. And what is worse again, Eotioty is both
on the wrong side, and assumes the thysical-force
ground first. But if, on the contrary, this alai' have his
representative in Parliament, society can say to him—
We are not doing these things; we neitik:r make the
laws that oppress you, nor do we use the arms to Coerce.
It is we and you together. What we have done jointly

" ilsceptional cases in the practical appt ea tion of the
principle are of course admitted, as for ; f
als-arce all such as
might result from bonil fide measures to P'event double
voting; such again as those of aliens; slid, as those of
noblemen sitting in the "louse of Lords. The mere general
principle alone, in short, is here argued. Them** and
application are considered 4r!toych4