The Sun.
London, England, 1846-04-16 00:00:00

,51111;
03biorting

LONDON, THURSDAY, APRIL 16, 1846.

One of those advocates of what is falsely called " pro-
tection to agriculture," and who, after the manner of
CROIKER, is not very nice about facts, provided only he
oan make a temporary impression, put forth a paper
some weeks since announcing, as an important disco-
very, that the real cause of the decline and fall of Rome
was the free importation of grain. To this wicked com-
mercial system he attributed almost every evil with
which Italy was afflicted previous to the irruption of
the barbarians. It depopulated the rich and extensive
plains, drove the hardy and independent freemen out of
the country, caused the horrible malaria that still infests
the Eternal City, and finally so enfeebled and dispirited
the class from which the best legions were raised, that
The mighty empire fell an easy prey to undisciplined
hordes of Goths and Vandals. If the premises were
correct there might be some foundation for such an ar-
gument, but the reasoning is all grounded on mere
assertion, and the real state of the case requires only
to be shown to disprove the momentous conclusions of
the e rite r. In the number of the Edinburgh Review just
published there is an article on the subject, which places
the question in a true light, and shows that free trade
had no more to do with the pestilential vapours of the
Campagna, the depopulation of Italy, and the fall of
the Roma❑ power, than with the earthquake of Lisbon,
or any other great national calamity. Perhaps the facts
furnished by the writer might, if fully developed, have
carried him much further, and demonstrated that the
destruction of the empire was, in fact, caused by the total
sinew, of that very system which has been attributed

as the cause of its ruin. But, though the writer does not
make full use of his materials, he deserves great credit
for his research and intimate acquaintance with those
ancient authors who have adverted to this wonderful and
hitherto inexplicable catastrophe. At Rome the cry
was not, as in England, for cheap bread, but bread for
nothing. When the evils commenced, there was, in
fact, no trade in corn. " With respect to the food of the
people," says a writer well acquainted with the subject,
"it was the constant maxim of the Roman administration
to provide for their wants by taxes or forced sales; to do
everything by itself, and never to rely upon the assistance
of trade." This was the way in which corn was imported
from Sicily and Africa. The operation was entirely in the
hands of the despotic and debased Emperors, who
plundered the conquered provinces to stop the mouths of
the idle, dissolute, and beggarly population of the capital,
who gave them corn for nothing to prevent insurrections
and ruined the parent state and the provinces at the
same time. The corn was not obtained by purchase, but
was levied from certain provinces as tribute, and by the
agency of public functionaries conveyed to Rome. The
Government, in short, was at no expense whatever. The
corn-growers of Sicily, and Lybia, and Egypt, were
compelled to furnish a certain number of measures annu
ally; the shipowners were equally compelled to transport
it to Ostia without any remuneration except some trifling
privileges and exemptions—it was in every respect a
system, not of free trade, but robbery committed upon
the industrious to keep down the idle and lawless multi-

tude. At first, or rather for several generations, this
destructive practice could have scarcely any perceptible
effect upon the agriculture of Italy, for these largesses
were confined entirely to the hungry poor, or as SICERO
calls them, the "misera ac jejuna plebecula';"
and these in the time of AuGusTus did not exceed
200,000 persons, the annual gratuitous supply
being only 35,156 quarters, which • could scarcely
have any perceptible influence on the rest of Italy. The
numbers afterwards increased as the power and autho-
rity of the state diminished. The evil, like most evils
when not timely' checked, became greater every day :
slaves were manumitted, that their masters might be
saved the expense of maintaining them, and latterly, to
keep down discontent, the Government were forced to
act the part of a commissariat for the majority of the
inhabitants, and become responsible to a certain degree
for the supply of corn to those who were not inscribed
Roman paupers, as well as to the rest of Italy. Every
newly-conquered province was accordingly burdened
with this ruinous tax, and the agriculture, the indus-
trious population, and products of Italy diminished in
proportion as Rome extended her conquests. " More-
over," says the writer, " the storms of the civil wars
had driven great numbers of the small free proprietors,
who cultivated the soil by their own labour, from their
lands ; and large tracts of country had fallen into the
possession of enormously wealthy owners. Upon these
estates all the labour was performed by slaves,
working by day in chains, and at night
shut up in prisons named ergastula. The re-
sult of this change was, that southern and central
Italy, instead of being tilled by a hardy race of
active farmers, themselves freemen, and working on their
own land, was divided into plantations, cultivated by
slave labour. This was the true nature of the change
which PLINY considered the ruin of Italy." It will thus
be seen that no two systems could be more different
than that which prevailed during the latter days of the
empire and that which is now proposed by the great
measure before Parliament. The article altogether is
full of deep interest, as showing the unstable foundation
on which the Roman empire rested when luxury and
sloth, enormous wealth and extensively spread poverty,
prevailed throughout the whole of Italy, when trade was
annihilated, and the very wealth and feebleness of the
mistress of the world invited the most distant barbarians
to rush to her plunder.

Toilsome as is the career of an English artisan, it
must', afford a peculiar satisfaction to every human heart
when that otherwise irksome drudgery can be assuaged
by the intervention of some harmless emolient. As
night is the sequence of day, as sleep alternates with
waking, so, in the natural course of society, should labour
be lightened by intervals of recreation. The
man who would negative this assertion, and
who would maintain the necessity for en-
hancing the burden of that great mandate
under which his fellow• creature is ordained to eat his
bread in the sweat of his brow, would be scarcely in the
pale of humanity. We cannot indeed persuade ourselves
that such heartlessness can ever be evinced in a land
pervaded by the influences of Christianity and civilisation.
We are fain to imagine this, if only from a dread of the
debasement of eur species. To any one with true blood
flowing through his veins, an& a healthy condition of mind,
the increased comfort of the poorer and more contemned
amongst his countrymen, must be a source of unspeak-
able pleasure. What matters it whether that increase is
produced through the interference of this political party
or that political party; what matters it if the path which
conducted to it was devious, or the means eccentric ;
what matters it, whether the sentiments, instrumental in
the realisation of that increase, were old-fashioned or
new-fangled, so long as the extension of corn-
fort be real, and its tendency innocent ? Why,
common sense would say that the mere externals of the
scheme for the improvement of the condition of the mul-
titude might be as fantastic as the livliest imagination
could desire, if their effects were unprejudicial upon
society. Even the sticklers against innovations of any
kind must allow this—they must acknowledge that the
garb in which sentiments are clothed, so long as those
sentiments are generous, is of very secondary
consideration, if of any consideration at all.
In this manner we would have the annual festival of the
Birmingham Athenic Institute, held on Tuesday evening,
and presided over by Lord J. MANNERS, regarded. We
would not interfere with the proper appreciation of that
body, by cavilling about the abstract principles of the
so-called Young England party, either pro or contra.
We would restrict ourselves for the present to the mere
consideration of the meeting in question, and
the probable consequences of the general establishment
of similar institutions. We would simply regard the
workman in his capacity for improvement, and draw
inferences as to the effects which such improvement
would have upon the whole framework of the social
system.
No one, with a single spark of rationality, will
undertake the assertion that toil requires no cessation.
All must acquiesce in the opinion that the less fortunate
Members of the community are more entitled, if pos-
sible, to moments of relaxation than those who are
blessed with a brighter destiny, if merely on the system
of compensation. Even the task-master must yield to
the conviction that athletic amusements by invigorat-
ing the body, and literary recreations by expanding the
intellect, would ultimately tend to the benefit of his own
pocket, by rendering his labourers more willing, saga-
cious, and muscular. On these healthy and really noble
principles was the Birmingham Athenic Institute founded,

now two years since, and it consequently challenges

our most earnest sympathy and our most cordial ap-
proval. Through its mediation the young artisans of
Birmingham obtain access to an excellent library, and
with the assistance of other intellectual accessories in-
sinuate an enlarged spirit into their own minds. By an
arrangement equally admirable, their nerves and
muscles are strung to a condition of exceeding vigour
by field sports and other exercises : their motto is
an appropriate indication of their object: it is couched
In every particular we regard this associationPoarselikaen.
ly
in the language of JUYENAL—hens sane in cor s
to forward beyond even the anticipation of its warmest
n
advocates the most pure and laudable principles of
re-
generation;itsgrowingandinheintcse we watched
tchesdnidts
ionwardits
strengthening mov
and hopeful anxiety.
has
emovement,
ainsmitusehstraesntghe strength, with
haasniancnernnle chairman easuffusedln_
over the institute in its most unpatronised moments the
authority of his talents and dignity, we ourselves
him with a thankful earnestness. There is somet.,
regard
something
eminently benignant in the style of his address'
on Tuesday last to the working men of
Birmingham ; it was coloured with a ge-
nuine brotherly love, and characterised by a
most unaffected simplicity. Lord JOHN MANNERS,
through such assemblies as the one in question—through
such words as he uttered upon that occasion—and
through the still further extension of his well wishes for
his fellow-man—cannot fail to ingratiate himself with
the people, and to acquire one of the noblest species of
popularity which can be attached to a statesman.
One paragraph in his oration we cannot refrain from
transcribing ; it is so indicative of the motives by which
he himself is actuated, and of those, moreover, upon
which the Athenic Institute has been constructed. He
first inquires whether the population of this country is
to remain inert under their privations, and not struggle
for a reasonable release from the coal-pit and the fac-
tory ? " What ought we to do ?" he exclaims.
"To sit still under that senseless clamour, and allow the
dull machinery of acquisition, without a wholesome pause or
joyous check, to go grinding on year after year, palsying the
limbs, cramping the energie., deadening the affections,
darkening the souls of our toiling millions ? No. What
have we done ? Why we have shown without parade, with-
out unnecessarily shocking those prejudices ,I have alluded to
—seizing whatever opportunities were afforded us—that the
people of England, who work so hard and so readily, can
stand the trial of a few days' holidays in the course of the
year; that a cricket match does not essarily imply the
bowling down of the pillars of the State; and that a village

dance need not end in taking off the crown from her Ma-
jesty's head."
Such are his wishes, his intentions, his principles
of action in reference to associations like the Athenic
Institute ; such are the wishes, intentions, and prin-
ciples upon which that institute is built up. On this
account it is we regard it as worthy not only of applause
but also of imitation.

A letter from Vienna, which is published in the
Swabian Mercury of the 12th, states that Prince CON-
STANTINE CZARTORY SKI, brother of Prince CZARTORY SKI
of Paris, has protested against the sequestration of the
property of the latter, who, it is added, however, had
previously, and as a measure of precaution, transferred
his property to the Princess, his wife.
The French National, which seems to be the organ of
the Polish revolutionists, says, " Our correspondence
from Gallicia informs us that the Russian troops are re-
duced to complete inaction, the soldiers confining them-
selves to protest the security of the roads, and the insur-
gents being now masters of the country. A person
from Vienna, connected with the Government, writes
that there are at least 20,000 armed individuals who
refuse obedience to the orders of the civil and military
authorities of the province. Their organization, plans,
and mode of manoeuvring had caused the greatest sur-
prise to the commander of the troops, and they had in-
ferred from these circumstances that the insurgents had
able chiefs at their head. To those particulars our cor-
respondent adds—' I have been assured that the rural
population of Ukraine, having been apprised of the
events in Gallicia, had become agitated, not to murder
its landlords, but to demand the abolition of forced
labour, and quit and crown rents, and the possession of
a portion of the soil. Austria, not knowing the cause
of the present agitation, imagined that it was rancorously
excited by a great power ; but experience will prove to
her that it has deeply-rooted natural causes, the irre-
sistible action of which exercises its influence over up-
wards of 20,000,000 serfs."

The States of Brunswick, having refused to approve
of the Government expenditure for the construction of
railways, were dissolved on the Bth. The Duke, in dis-
solving them, expressed regret that differences should
have arisen between the States and the Ministry, but
stated his disapproval of their conduct in refusing the
means of promoting the prosperity of the country.

Madrid papers to the Bth inst. have been received. M.
ISTURITZ had not, at that date, succeeded in forming
his INlinistry, owing to the insuperable objection of his
political friends to take office in a Cabinet of which M.
EGANA is a member. M. MoN, who had been again
sent for by the QUEEN, had again refused the Ministry
of Finance, stating, as his reason, his determination not
to enter any Cabinet of which M. EGANA was a mem-
ber. EGANA is supported by Queen CHRISTINA, who
is intriguing for an Absolutist Ministry; and should
ISTURITZ fail in his endeavours to complete a
Cabinet, it was supposed that M. DE VILUMA
and Baron DE MEER would be entrusted
with the task of forming a Cabinet, in which
case the affairs of Spain will be brought to a
crisis. "If these gentlemen," says the Madrid corres-
pondent of La Presse, " should overthrow M. ISTURITZ,
and form a Cabinet of their own, you may expect to
see Spain again plunged into a sanguinary revolution."
On the evening of the Bth there was a rumour current
in Madrid, that M. GAVERIA, the banker, had accepted
the portfolio of finance. According to the Castellano,
however, M. ORLANDO had, at the urgent request of
the QUEEN, consented to accept the office.

Accounts from Gallicia state that the movement at
Lugo, which, until the fall of NARVAEZ became
known, was spreading in all directions, has been put
down. A portion of the revolters had surrendered, and
the remainder, under the command of an officer named
Sous, had retired by way of Santiago to the frontiers of
Portugal, in which country it was supposed they in-
tended to take refuge.

Madrid was tranquil, but rumours were prevalent of
disturbances having taken place in Catalonia. No credit,
however, was attached to them, and the alarm in the
capital was lessening. NARVAEZ, on his arrival at
Bayonne, requested and obtained an interview with Don
HENRY. The interview was very short.
MADRID BOLSA.—The Three per Cents. closed at
304 cash. The Five per Cents. were not quoted.

Since writing the above we have received accounts
from Madrid to the 12th, on which day ISTURITZ had
succeeded in forming his Ministry. MoN is Finance
Minister; Frail., Minister of the Interior ; and An-
MERO, Minister of Marine.

We have received the Paris papers of Tuesday. On
Monday General NARVAEZ arrived in Paris, and took
up his abode at the Hotel des Ambassadeurs.
The papers of Tuesday all comment at considerable
length on the discussion which commenced the previous
day, in the Chamber of Deputies, on the naval budget.
The budget demands a credit of 93,000,000 f. for supply-
ing the deficiencies of the present naval force of France.
It may be remembered that, last year, the Chamber in,
serted in the Budget an article, which rendered it obli-
gatory on the Minister of Marine to present, at the com-
mencement of the present session, a special and detailed
account of the state of the navy in all its branches. Ad-
miral DE MACKAII faithfully complied with the desire s•
expressed, and distributed to the Deputies a very com-
plete statement of the condition of the navy, and of all
-the matters which are intimately connected with it. But
the Minister, not considering that he had thus fully per-
formed his duty, judged it necessary, in addition, to pre-
sent a Bill demanding the large credit mentioned above,
to supply the deficiencies .that existed in the navy; or,
in other words, to increase the naval force of the
kingdom. The Committee, to which the Bill was
sent for examination, looked on the additions to
be made in the navy with a different eye from
that of the Minister. Taking as its text-book the
famous note of the Prince DE JOINVILLE, it came to
the coaclusion that, considering the progress that steam
navigation was at present daily making, it would not be
advisable to assign to sailing vessels all the pre• eminence
that was demanded for them by the Bill. It therefore
recommended to reduce from 290 to 229 the number of
sailing vessels applied for. This reduction it proposed
to divide in this way :-36 ships of the line, of which
24 were to be afloat, and 12 laid up, in place of 44 ; 55
frigates, of which 40 afloat and 45 laid up, in place of 66;
and 136 corvettes, brigs, and transports, in place of 180.
As to the steamers demanded, the Committee consented
to the whole number applied for by the Bill, and even
added, in a certain measure, to the amount of moving
power. The saving to be effected by these changes
would be about 20,000,000 f. Such is the Bill on which
the discussion commenced on Monday, and which is to
decide on the supremacy, for the present at least, of
sailing vessels or steamers for use in naval warfare."
The discussion on Monday was not very interesting.
On Tuesday the debate was resumed by M. LEIVIERCIER,
who spoke in favour of the large grant. The Chamber
was subsequently addressed by M. HERNOUX, the
reporter of the Committee, M. JUBELIN, the King's
Commissioner, and M. BILL/JILT, who warmly advo-
cated the necessity of keeping up a strong naval force.
M. BILLAULT was addressing the Chamber at the hour
of post. The papers of all parties are almost all in fa-
vour of the enlarged grant.

The Ministerial Journal des Debats thus speaks on
;he subiect

"We are not of those persons who would wish to urge the
shall
tny ot intor politcoy
oonfrpeecamcentriys,thhautt wwlaiirchmwa;e,
arise in spite of us : it is an eventuality that ought to be
ceasea wto ar
recommend. The
provided against, and for which it is prudent to be prepared.
The honour of France will perhaps commend her to draw one
day her valiant and glorious sword from the scabbard. Sup-
pose, therefore, that a naval war should burst forth ; France
mast abdicate, must descend humbly to the rank of secondary
nations, or she must have a fleet to place in line on the
Atlantic. That is imperatively commanded by the neces-
sities of defence. If an armed enemy should threaten our
coasts, or mewace an attack and a descent on one of our forts,
we could not save the honour and the intregity of our terri-
tory unless we had a fleet to interpose. Fortifications would
prove no obstacle; but the enemy would not dare risk such
an attempt if it was aware that a fleet was ready to fall on
it and place it between two fires. Napoleon would not have
lost Egypt, if the English fleet had not been certain that
nothir,s, could prevent the landing of the army which it had
on board. When the hypothesis of a naval war is enter-
tained, it is natural to suppose France the ally of the second-
ary naval powers. Well then, suppose war declared, and the
Danish fleet is blocked up in the Sound, and that of Russia
in the Baltic. Interest and honour command us to deliver
them, and to unite them to ourselves. How can we do so,
if we do not possess a fleet to make battle against the enemy,
which. will endeavour to bar our passage and prevent this
junction? It is proper to insist on this point, because for
some time the idea has prevailed that France ought to re-
nounce completely great naval battles, to adopt a quPce
different system. The report of the Committee appears
co be
animated by this much to be regretted notion."
The Opposition Constitutionnel and the -Republican
National follow on the same side, while the Conunerce
thus joins in chorus :
" The Chamber would be inconsistentwith her former acts,
would renounce the sentiments which it manifested on nu-
merous occasions, if it agreed to a reduction in the proper
naval force that ought to be kept up. Is it in the present
state of things, when all the great questions of foreign policy
tend to a decision by sea, when the different nations redouble their efforts to increase their naval power, that we could cut
down a force that had been considered indispensable even
under the restoration. Such a vote, beside the harm that
it would do to our fleet, would have a disastrous moral effect.
The world would think that France gives up the idea of being
a maritime power, or at least of taking part in the great
questions which are in agitation at present.

The Courrier Francais is the only paper which seems
to recollect the important fact that ships alone do not

constitute a navy. It does not join in the cry raised by
the other journals. On the contrary, it says:—

" Of what service can be the immense material which is
amassed at the cost of millions in our building-yards? Has
our mercantile marine increased to such an extent that we
need additional ships of war for their convoy ? Have our
colonial possessions increased and enlarged insomuch as to
render it indispensable that the effective force of our naval
stations should be doubled? Oh, no; our mercantile ma-
rine is rather lessened than augmented, and, as to our co-
lonial possessions, not an inch of land has been added to
them for ten years past ! Under such circumstances we ask
again—of what use will be a new fleet of war-ships ? Pro-
bably to make pageants on the seas—unless, indeed, they
are left to rot in their ports. Again, were such a fleet only
useless! But it would not be only useless—it would be in-
jurious even to the development of our naval power. It
must be maimed and armed. Besides, a fleet, as all the
world knows, requires a great number of able sailors to man
it. To provide these our merchant ships must be stripped
of their best seamen. Is our mercantile navy in a condition
to support such a privation? According to M. Gustave
Brunet, one of the causes of the decline of our navy is the
numerical superiority of our crews as compared with the
crews of the ships of other nations. Thus—the Russian navy
reckons only one man for every 22 6-10 tons; the navy of
the United States one man for every 21 tons; the Austrian
navy one man for every 16 tons ; while the French navy has
one man for less than every 10 tons. Hence arises a consi-
derable difference in the expenditure, and consequently in
the charge for freight. Would it be prudent to aggravate
still more this cause of inferiority by depriving our merchant
ships of a greater number of able seamen than they have
been accustomed to supply? Would it not be infinitely
better to increase our steam-ships, which require many more
good engineers and good soldiers than good sailors, and re-
duce rather than increase our sailing ships of war? Acting
thus, much money won! 1, we believe, be left in the pockets
of our tax-payers, and an element of success, too much want-
ing to it, would be left to our mercantile navy, by leaving "to
it its able seamen."

The probable result of the debate will be, that the
steamers and the ships of the line will both be voted,
and the Minister of Marine will have given to him more
than he asked for, or expected.
The Government had received the following telegra-
phic dispatch from Toulon:—
" The Russian squadron was in sight off Toulon in the even-
ing of the 11th; at half-past six it came to anchor in the
roadstead. On the morning of the 12th, the Maritime Pre-
fect paid a visit to his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke
Constantine and to Admiral Lutke. Salutes were exchanged.
The sub-prefect, the general commanding the department,
and the mayor of Toulon, also went on board the vessel of
the. Prince. His Imperial Highness, wishing to preserve the
incognito that he has maintained everywhere else, requested
that no official honours might be shown to him. The Grand.
Duke has landed. He went first to the Maritime Prefec-
ture, and was next to visit the arsenal of Mourillon and Fort
Lamalgue."
Count Kisseleff, the Russian Chargé d'Affaires, passed
through Marseilles on the 10th, on his way to Toulon.
Algiers journals to the 7th had been received at
Marseilles. Marshal BUGEAUD had been so ill that he
was unable to leave Algiers for Oran on the sth, as he
had intended. ABD-EL-KADER, it appears, has again
escaped the pursuit of General JUSSUF. While all the
world supposed he was retiring towards the west, he
suddenly re-appeared in the east, and General JUSSUF
had, of course, to retrace his steps in that direction.
The nineteen workmen who bad been buried alive in
the tunnel at Courcelles for ten days, were rescued from
their perilous situation at two o'clock on Sunday.
The following are miscellaneous extracts :
" M. Francoise Jean Sevestre, a member of the National
Convention for the Department of Ille et Vilaine, died at
Tournan on the 6th inst., in the 94th year of his age. M.
Sevestre was one of the most energetic members of that assem-
bly. He voted the King's death, and, having been appointed
one of the Commissioners of Public Safety, he was charged
with the surveillance of the children of Louis XVI., confined
in the Temple. It was he who made the report on the de-
mise of the Dauphin. M. Sevestre was subsequently at-
tached as state messenger to the Council of Five Hundred
and the Legislative Body; he was banished in 1815, and
only returned to France after the revolution of 1830, when
the Chamber of Deputies decreed that he should be paid up
all the arrears due to him during his exile, and granted him
a pension of 3,600 f.
" The venerable M. Dupont de l'Eure experienced on Satur.•
day afternoon a very serious indisposition, supposed at first to
be caused by congestion of the brain. An active course of
treatment was immediately pursued, which produced a satis-
factory result, and on ffonday he was considered out of
danger."
The prices at the opening of the Paris Bourse on
Tuesday were tolerably firm, but afterwards declined.
The Three per Cents. closed at 83f. 60c.; the Five per
Cents., 120 f. Sc.; the Orleans Railroad shares, 1,226 f. 25e. ;
Rouen, 1,040 f. ; Havre, 747 f. 50c. ; Great Northern, 767 f.
50c. ; Avignon, 918 f. 75c. ; Vierzon, 672 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux,
630 f. ; Boulogne, 510 f. ; Troyes and Montereau, 422 f. 50c. ;
Basle, 232 f. 50c. ; Paris and Strasburg, 523 f. 75c. ; Tours
and Nantes, 548 f. 75c.; Paris and Lyons, 580 f. ; Spanish
Domestic Debt, 30.
The following are the quotations in the new lines
Bordeaux and Cette (Mackenzie), 502 f. 50c. ; ditto (Espe-
leta), 510 f. ; ditto Charleroi, 495 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, APRIL 15.
Boulogne and Amiens, 12—Dutch Rhenish, 5% —East Indian,
—Great Northern or France Constituted, 14%—Jamaica South
Midland Junction, 1%—Luxembourg, 1%—Namur and Liege, 1%
Over Yssel, 3% dis.—Paris and Orleans, 49—Paris and Rouen, 40%
—Paris and Strasbourg Constituted, 5% —Rouen and Havre, 29%—
Sambre and Meuse, 3.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING—(THIS DAY.)
LONDON, APRIL 16.—Wind S.E., light breeze and fine.
CLYDE, APRIL 13.—Wiad S.B.—Arrd. Mountaineer, Smith,
Demerara and Dublin. Sld. Cassandra, St. John's, N.B.
DUBLIN, APRIL 14.—Wind S.W.—Sld. Rolla, Quebec ;
Britannia, Corkhill, Miramichi.
CORK, APRIL 13.—Wind S.W.—Arrd. Amicus, Weary,
Mauritius ; Warrior, Davidson, Coquimbo.
MARYPORT, APRIL 14.—Wind variable.—Sld. Grace, Wil-
son, Quebec.
TROON.—Sid. Eliza, Brown, Dalhousie.
CROOKHAVEN.—Arrd. Margaret, Heyward, Lagua.
LIMERICK.—SId. Nerio, Gibson, Quebec.
BELFAST, APRIL 14.—Wind S.S.W.—Sid. Christiana,
Henry, Quebec.
LOOE, APRIL 13.—About twenty pieces of Norway balk
timber were washed on shore this morning, supposed to be
part of deck load of a Norway barque seen off yesterday with
sails much torn.
LIVERPOOL, APRIL 15.—The Coromandel and the Stan-
dard, outward bound, were c•n the bar of the Mississippi on
the 13th ult.
CORK, APRIL 13.—1 t blew very heavily all day yesterday
inpdertN.E. to
and last night. A barque of about 3to 400 tons abandoned,
name rubbedwcaistitp,asbuetd onlst
itnhse.,stienrniaotf. w4h7icihon‘: of Halifax"
bythe
W.—Sld. Conte
DEAL, APRIL 15.—Wind S.S.W. mod.—Arrd. from the
wAwas
:Ts Weary, arrived c
APRILckR i?_9ast.
j_t_ahnwiesi r
o.
si
ph cea
Paragon,
,0
n, Barton,
Symons,
Jamaica.Q
Quebec;
ebe
river for Australia, Gate, Manlmain ; Trinandra, Skinner,
Calcutta;d.
Dart, Newton, Madeira.
Princess Royal, Tenne,
NewFOAFLINFpIO7T3H/o:rrAur.—RlALHrradiy.6t:r.And.
Frei a, N; VEa nl bz g, Wylie,io Janeiro; Elizabeth, Laney, Quebec ;
British Yeoman, Turner, Alexandria. Mem., the Rio Packet,
Harry, for Liverpool, did not sail yesterday as reported.

MARKET EWS.-20(THIS DAY.)
SminiriELD.—Meadow Hay, 31 53 to 4t 8s ; Clover ditto,
41 88 to 6/ ; Oat Straw, 11 125 to 11 14s ; Wheat
lI.A.NTMAiz3I7I.
Straw, 11 14s to 1/ 163 per load. A fair average supply, and
a sluggish demand.
CUMBERLAND.—Meadow Hay, 31 55 to 4/ 108 ; Clover
ditto, 4/ 5s to 'V 15s; Oat Straw, 1/ 12s to 11 14s; Wheat
Straw, 1/158 to 11 17s per load. Trade dull, at the above
quotations.
WHITECHAPEL.—Meadow Hay, 3133 to 4/83 ; Clover ditto,
4/ 5s to 61; Oat Straw, 11 12s to 11 14s ; Wheat Straw,
1/ 14s to 11 16s per load. Supply good, and trade dull.
NEAT IYIARIZETS.
HattsitAm, Amur. 15.—We had a fair demand here this
morning, at but little variation in prices. Beef, from 3s
to 4s 4d; Mutton, 3s 10d to ss; Veal, 4s to 4s 10d; and
Pork, 4s tc 4s 8d per 81bs.
ARUNDEL, APRIL 14.—Beef, from 2s 10d to 4s 4d; Mutton,
3s 8d to 55 2d ; Veal, 45 2d to 4s 10d ; and Pork, 43 to 4s 6d
per 81bs. Supply moderate and trade firm.
CHICIIIESTE/t, APRIL 15.7-Prime stock moved off freely at
full prices. In other qualities very little was doing. Beef,
from 3s to 4s 4d ; Mutton, 4s to 5s 2d ; Veal, 4s to 4s 10d ;
and Pork, 4s to 4s 80 per Blbs. Suckling Calves, 18s to
29s ; Quarter-old Store Pigs, lis to 20s ; and Milch Cows,
with their small Calf, 16/ to 18/ each.
SOUTHALL, APRIL 15.—Although the supply of stock
here to-day was by no means extensive, the general de-
mand ruled heavy at late rates. Beef, from 2s 8d to 4s 2d;
Mutton, 3s 8d to 5s ; Lamb, 6s to 6s 10d ; Veal, 4s 4d
to 5s 2d; ; and Pork, 4s to 4s 8d per 81bs, to sink the offal.
ROMFORD, APAlLls.—Prime Sheep, Calves, and Pigs sold
steadily; other kinds of stock slowly, at our quotations.
Beef, from 2s 8d to 4s 2d ; Mutton, 3s 8d to 5s ; Lamb,
Gs to 75; Veal, 4s 4d to 5s 2d ; and Pork, Is to "4s 8d per
81bs. Suckling Calves, 18s to 30s ; Quarter-old Store Pigs,
16s to 20s; and Mulch Cows, with their small calf, 16/ to
181 each.
NEWG.fiT7.; AND LE.A.MIENHALT.,
Each kind of prime meat was in fair request, at full prices,
otherwise the demand was in a sluggish state.—Beef, from
2s 6d to 3s 6d ; Mutton, 3s 6d to 4s 6d ; Lamb, 5s 6d to
6s 8d; Veal, 4s 4d to 58 4d; and Pork, 3s 6d to 55 per
81bs, by the carcass.

CORN AVERAGES.
GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISII CORN
For the Week ended April 11, 1846 made up from the Returns of the
Inspectors in the different Cities' and Town. in Englund and Wales
perms rial Quarter.

WHEAT. I BARLEY. I OATS. RYE. 8EA1.2 . I PLAS.
PRI
UCE 56A Od 3N 9c'. 22s 9d 334 j 35s Id 23s 8d
DTY... lis oa Ss Od 6s N ISs Gd 9s 6d

Packet Com
in ~
RANSGA.TE ,IND OSTEND.—An taiiration the
route of the packets between this country and Ostend hab
recently taken place, in consequence, of the orenhlg of the
branch line of the South-Eastern naiiway to Ramsgate.
The directors of the SoOth-r,astern and Continental Steam-
and Ostend 'would prove shorter and more evirtilient to the
Pall,V Conceiving the passage between Ramfgr.tte
public than from Dover to Ostend, have taken off their
vessels from the latter port, and placed them at Ramsgate,
their luggage conveyed to
which in future will be their station. On Ttesday morning
1... a the first
the Queen of the Belgians. She left Ostend at 20 snintite4 to
'cl'o'cli, performing
5 o'clock, and arrived at Ramsgate at 9,6
the voyage in 4 hours and 20 minntet. The passengers had
par Age was madn fltra Ostend to Ramsgate, by
thus performing the and jeurn'V
afterwards taken to the railway free from expense ; they tlWn
proceeded. to London by the 20 minutes past 10 o'clock train;
arr,/, arrived at the Bricklayers' Arms at a quarter past i i1..±.1.,
the Custom-house, cleart;',l, and
London in 8 hours; Voyage minutes, out of which tithe I
hour . • ' and
35 troll; Ostend to
luggage, and 20 minutes were consumed at Ramtilte, clearolg
breakfasting, &c. • eo that the actii&. peiiod occu-
pied in the transit was seven hours and fifteen minutes.
eluded
Facts speak for themselves • for if the whole distance between
Ostend and London can be accomplished in little more than
eight hours and a half (clearance at the Custom-house in-
), and as Ramsgate harbour can at
disernbarkin
be entered all times of the tide
, and the passengers landed safely without being
obliged to be taken ashore in boats, it may be predicted that
Ramsgate will become the favourite port for embarking and
Europe. g passengers to and from Ostend and northern
STEPNEY rAIR.—The business of this fair terminated
last night. The number of visitors during y
the three days
n 311114 larger tluji at any time Nam its roTiyal.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.

The Cotton Market at Liverpool yesterday was very
lively, and speculation was active, the sales being 12,000
bales: 5,000 bales were for speculation and export.
Prices were decidedly higher.—The Share Market has
been very inactive, and prices were lower.
Almost hourly are inquiries made in the City, by per-
sons very deeply interested, as to the period the.Leg!s-
lature will take to pass through the Railway Relief Bill.
The queries upon this subject are the more pressing, as
there is an:evident disposition on the part of the managing
Committees, of doubtful and bad projects, to keep
the power they now have over the funds in
hand, and expected to be realised; and set-
ting at defiance the scripholders, determined as
many of these parties are to go on with expenses, the
great portion of which must hereafter be borne by the
parties who have paid their deposits, or are legally
liable for their share of the present outlay. It is, there-
fore, considered by hundreds of capitalists and others in
the City, and doubtless at Liverpool, Leeds, Bristol,
and elsewhere, that—so pressing is the emergency—the
standing orders ought to be rescinded in both Houses of
Parliament, so that the Bill to be introduced after the
Easter recess, should become law at the earlies possible
period, or undoubtedly the benefit intended by it will
be frittered away. Symptoms of pugnacity have already
been displayed by some of the managing committees in
repudiating advertisements, calling on scrip holders 'to
meet and press the dissolution of projects with which they
have connected themselves. Secretly are some such par-
ties just referred to buying up scrip indirectly, at a ruin-
ously low figure to present holders, so as to overrule
original and other persons desirous for a wind up,
at the first general meeting to be called under the pro-
visions of the intended new Bill. The appointment of
an " official assignee" to look into the expenditure of
the Managing Committees is not relished at all by
nine- tenths of those who have taken the management
of fresh railway schemes, and hence it is quite certain
that every means will be resorted to, with the view of
defeathig the wishes of the great body of those they
assume to represent.
There are not any arrivals of importance announced
in the City this morning.
The Stock Markets have been heavy this morning.
The fact that the Government brokers did not purchase
yesterday is aid of the Sinking Fund, has led to many
remarks, the principal of which is, that Government are
husbanding the resources of the country, to be, fully
equipped with cash should a war with the United States
be imperatively necessary. Another rumour is, that a
squadron is about to sail soon for the Bermudas,
there to await further orders. Consols for
Money left off yesterday afternoon at 951, and for
the Account at 96/. The value of the former has to-day
been reduced to 958, and of the latter to 94. The
market has just rallied 4 per cent, and certainly the as-
pect of the market looks more firm. The amount of
business done has been upon the whole considerable to,
day. But to this remark there is an exception. Ex-
chequer-bills yesterday were done at 275., now they are
at but 18s. premium. India Bonds, on the contrary,
were yesterday at 255., and new they are at 30s. pre-
mium. The price of Bank Stock has fluctuated from
205 to 206. India Stock has fallen from 2594- to 258.
This is the account day in the Foreign Stock
Market. If we except the adjustment of differences,
scarcely any other business of interest has been trans-
acted. There have been some transactions in the French
Stocks to-day, at improved prices. The Five per Cents.
have been taken at 1)91, and the Three per Cents. at
83. Spanish Consols have realised 25 ; the Portuguese
Four per Cents., 574 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per
Cents., 59i ; the Four per Cents., 92/ 92 ; and
Mexican, 31i.
The businesss in the Railway Share Market has been
on the increase, and the appearance of the market looks
better.

BRITISH FIIINDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK
(From the Official List.)

Bank Stock 205% 208
Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities • • 94% %
Three per Cent. Consols Annuities • • • • 953 S %%
New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cent. Anne. 96% % %
Long Annuities, Expire Jan. 5, 1860 .. 10 3-16 %
Ditto, 30 years, Oct. 10, 1859 .. 10
Ditto, 30 years, Jan. 5, 1860 .. 10 7-16
India Stock .. 28934 258
India Bonds, 1,0001. • • . • • • • • • •
Ditto, under 1,0001. 28 30 p
South Sea Stock .. • • • • • • • • • •
Ditto, New Annuities . • 951,E
Consols for Account • • • • .. • • .. 96 95% 96
Exchequer Bills. 1 d. 134 d.
1,000/. , ... 23 26 18 pm,
5001. .• • . 20 18 pm.
Ditto, Small • • 26 18 pm.
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Dutch 2% per Cent., 12 Guil • • .. 59
Mexican Bonds, 1837, 5 per Cent .. 313
Ditto, Deferred .. .. • . 16%
Portuguese Four per Cent • • • • 57%
Russian Bonds .. .. 110
Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent. • • • •
Ditto, for the Account • • .. 25
Ditto, Three per Cent ......
Ditto, for the Account • • • • 36%
Dividends on the above payable in London.
French Rentes, 5 per Cent. .. 119 f. '2sc.
Exchange .. 25f. 80c.
French Rentes, 3 per Cent. .. 83f. —c.
Exchange .. 25f. 70c.
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 59%34
Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certificates .. 924 34 92
BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK
RAILWAYS. PAID. Pas SHARE.
Aberdeen • • • • • • • .. 10 ...... 3%.. ••to 2%
Birmingham and Oxford Junetion .. 2 • • .... to
Bristol and Exeter .. • • • . 75 .. • • to

Ditto New • • • • •• • • • • .. 5 836 •. • • to 9IA
Bristol and Gloucester • • • • •• 30 .... 49 .. • to 48
Buckinghamshire • • • • • • •• • • 425. .. • . % dis. • to—
Caledonian • • .. .. • • •• .. 10 .... fiN %.. to
Ditto Extension • • • • •• 214 .• 1% .• • • to
Chester and Manchester • • •• .. 428. .... 114. die to
Cornwall and Central Devon' 2%.... 1%.... to
Direct Manchester (Remington's) .. .. to
Direct Manchester (Rastrick's) .. • • SU 3% to
Dublin and Belfast Junction .. •• 10 .... 4 •• • • t.) 33
Eastern Counties • • • • • • 14/. 16s. 0d..... 22%1A .. to
Ditto, New • • .. • • .. 81. 16s, 0d..... 7% p.. to
Do., Perpetual,s per Ct. No. 1, 61 13s. 4d..... % p to
Ditto, York Extension • . 105..... 1%% • • to
Edinburgh and Glasgow .• • • •• 50 .... 71% ••.. to
Goole, Doncaster, an Sheffield, Sic.— 425. 3,4 dis..• to
Grand Union (Nottingham and Lynn) 1%.... 4.... to
Great North of England .. • • 100 ....215 •. to
Ditto, New .. .. • . .... 51%.... to
Great Western 85 ....146 to
Ditto Half Shares . 50 .... 85 .... to 84%
Ditto, Quarter Shares .. .. 5 .... 174.... to 1674
Hull and Selby • • • • • • .. 50 ....101 .. • • to
Ditto, Half Shares .. 7 .... 25 .... to 2436
Lancaster and Carlisle 35 .... 50 .. to
Leicst., Tam.,Bir., &Trent Yal.Junc. 425. .... clic.. to 1 dis,
Liverpool, Manch, and Newc. Junct. 214 .... 1%.... to
London and Birmingham • • • . ..100 —212% 224 to 222
Ditto. Thirds • • .• • • .. 24 61%.... to
Ditto, Quarter Shares • • .. 2 .... 23%..., to
London and Brighton • • • • • • .. 50 .... 62 .. to
London and Croydon • . .. 131. 15s. 9d. .. • • 21%% to
London and South-Western .• 411. 6s. 10d. •• .. 76% .to 7534
Ditto, New .. •• 12% .... 2134 ... to
London and York • • • • • • • 234 •• • • 1%% 3i to
Ditto, Half Shares • • • • • • • • 2% •• • • 1%.... to
Lynn and Ely .. • . 10 .... 634 .... to
Manchester and Leeds • • • • .. 82 • • ..120 .. • • to --
Ditto, Half Shares ........38 .... 55 .... to
Ditto, Fifths • • • . .. 2 .. 10% %..to
Ditto, Sixteenths • . • • .. • • 6% .... 91A.... to
Ditto, Extension 425. .... % p to
Manchester and Birmingham .. • • 40 •• .. 76 •• • . to 7514
Ditto, Quar.er Shares (B) • • • • 2 .. • • 9%.... to
Ditto, Quarter Shares (C) • • .. 1 .... 714 to
Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock .. 425. .... p• • to
.__

.. Midland .. •• •• •• •• ••100 ..14514•• to 144
Ditto, New •• 18 .... 29% ..•• to 3014
Ditto, Birmingham and Derby • • 100 ....116 .. ••to
Newcastle and Darlington Junction 25 .. 43% .... to 44
Ditto, New • • .. .. • • .. 1 .... 9 .... to 83%
Ditto, New, Brandling 25 .... 43 .. • • to
Newcastle and Berwick • • • . •• 10 17% xdto
North British .. • • .. • . 20 .... •• • • to
Ditto, Half Shares 6 .... 8% to 8
Ditto, Carlisle Extension. • . • 1% I%n
North Staffordshire .. .• • • 425. .... 2% p.. to 1% p
Norwich and Brandon .. .. • • 18 .. • • 23 .... to 22%
Northampton, Banbury, & Cheltnam. 2 ... .... to
Oxford, Worcester, & Wolverhampton 12% .... 8% .to S
Portsmouth Direct • . •• • . 3% .• 214 •••• to
Scottish Central .. .• •• .. 10 .... 13% .... to
South Midland • .. • • • • • • 425. .... % die to
South Eastern and Dover .. • . 33% .. • • 35% to 36
Ditto. New, No. 1 .• 16 16% .. • • to
Ditto, New, No. 3 .. .. • • .. 15 •••• 133 •• • . to
South Wales .. .. • . .. 5 .. • . 1% .... to 1
Vale of Neath .. 2 .... 1%% .. to
Welsh Midland 2%.... 1%.. • • to
West Riding Union .. %pto
Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth • • 5 •• • • 3 •••• to
Yarmouth and Norwich .. • • 20 25% .. ••to
York and Carlisle •. .. • • 1% •• • • to
York and North Midland
.. •. 50 .• ••.. to
Ditto, Scarborough Branch .. .. 25 .... 46 .. • • to
Ditto. Extension .. .. 15 .. •• 32 -•to
Ditto East and West Riding Extension 1 .... 8%.... to
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.
Dutch Rhenish .. • • .. .. 5 .• ,• 5% .... to
Great Northern of France Constituted. 5 • • 14% .. ••to
Lyons and Avignon .. • • • . 2 •••• 2 .. • • to
Luxembourg • • • • .. .. 4 .. • • 1%.... to
Namur and Liege • • 4 .. • • lu.. • • to
Sambre and Meuse • • • . • • 6 2% .. to
Tours and Nantes Constituted 5 .... 6%.... to

/Arlin
Real (lel Monte, 'Unregistered 3 .. • • to

IMPORT OP Cr U NPOWDER.—VIGILANeg OP THE
POLICE.—The following circumstances have been reported
to us :—A gun-smith in this city caused to be shipped from
Dublin in Ode of the stdadiers a cask, phrpOrting to con-
tain seeds, and directed to a house hi that business here,
but which cask in reality contained gtinpoWer. The gun-
smith showed the letter of advice of shipment to the Seeds-
man, who at once got alarmed, and sent for a policeman, to
whom he read the
.letter The " vigilant" policeman said
he would report it to his office!) notwithstanding which
when the steamer arrived there Was ne one on the part of
the police to look after and olio so dangerous an importa-
tion, Of give notice to the captain that he, had such on board.
The consequence was that the gini-imith gut possession of
the pew(*) and We believe no further notice has been taken
of the matter. We think the public are entitled to demand
a strict inquiry into these facts; fbr, great as is the danger of
shipping gunpowder Openly, It toast be much enhanced where
ho ptedatitions can be taken, from ignorance of its being on
board.— Cork Reporter.
Stri-ciNiE OP lird coroners inquest was
held On Thursday last, and another on
the
nfollowingd Satur-
day, on the bodies of two young fernariiolsfioiud
had d{ owned
miss-
ingin
een
for nearly three weaks, an
the canal, near to Leami m ngto.one f .t
d th:other from the day only
Preceding that oh which her
,rettiaine were discovered: The
latter, named trattia daughter Of a sawyer drove-
place, was in her Sikteent gear, and from the evidence pro-
duced appeared to have committed.the.rasth act, stated of
the harsh treatment she once in
despondeneykfrom .
r.
ser ice inkier era siipefior dottiestie, who was severely rep
inanded by the Coroner for her unfeeling behaviour. The
former unfortunate eirl. name-,
was not quite fifteen
yen Z: age, and gad lived unhappily with her relatives,
;rho were in a respectable sphere or IA; and whOin 6116, had
stiddenly qnitted;Wlai ithintiniationi lift itt,iiritinol that OM
WOld be tie rlioie When the lathe Came to their hands. The
strictest search having been ineffecttialb- made; hopeS were
for a long Unit) intertaingd that her jriteniion. bad not been
carried into etreit; anti Advertisements, with oltera of reward
her restoration, appeared in several of the newspapers.
Verdicts of " Temporary insanity" were returned in each.
case by the jury. This morning (eionaay) tne potty
another female, a native of Germany, who has been for some
days missing, was found drowned in the River Leant, and
is now awaiting an inquest. The above three deplorable
events, occurring successively within so short a period,
have occasioned a sensation in the town and neighbourhood
of Leamington which will be more easily conceived than de-
scribed

We obsnrve, by an advertisement in our paper of this
day, that Mr. Carter, the Lion King, is exhibiting his Mam-
moth Horse at Bath, and we have nu doubt the good folks
of that city will afford him tkat encouragement he so
riply
ditierym

CHANCERY-(THIS DAY.)

HALL V. LUCK.

The LORD CHANCELLOR gave judgment in this case
this morning, which came before his Lordship yester-
day upon a question as to the costs of the appeal. His
Lordship was of opinion, under all the circumstances,
that there ought to be no costs of the appeal, and ordered
accordingly.

IN THE MATTER OF DYCE SOMBRE, A LUNATIC.
This case stood on the paper for the production of the
evidence of the claim of the Baron Solaroil to 15,000 f.
His LORDSHIP being satisfied with the evidence,
directed the claim to be allowed.
IN THE MATTER OF THE PRINCESS BARIATINSKI,

A LUNATIC.

This case came before the Court upon the petition of
the committee of the lunatic, praying an order for the
sale of so much stock as would satisfy the last half-
yearly amount allowed by the Court for the maintenance
of the lunatic.
.The Court made the order as prayed.

ROLLS' COURT.-(THIS DAY.)

LORD WELLESLEY V. THE EARL OF MORNINGTON.

It was stated by counsel that an arrangement had been
made between the parties in this cause. The case came ori-
ginally before Lord Langdale on the 28th ult., in the shape
of a motion to restrain the carrying into execution a
contract, by which the defendant had agreed to sell Mr.
Morris 3,500 oak trees. An application was made yes-
terday, on the part of the plaintiff, to make Mr. Morris
the defendant in the case, which was ordered to stand
over till to-day, in the expectation that an arrangement
would be made. Mr. Morris has consented to give up
his contract, which of course terminates the law pro-
ceedings in this case, which has excited some little in-
terest from the rank of the litigants.
His Lordship then proceeded to hear the unopposed
petitions, of which there was a large number on the list.

VICE-CHANcERY.—(THIS DAY.)
(Before the VICE-CHANCELLOR of ENGLAND.)
__ RUSSELL V. SMITH. _ _

Mr. STUART applied in this case upon motion to dis-
solve an injunction that had been granted by his Honour
during the Easter recess, restraining the defondar.t, who
is a public singer, from singing or publishing, or other-
wise making use of certain songs, some of which had
been written, and others set to music, by the plaintiff.
Among these songs were " Old Fools and Young Ones,"
" I've been Roaming," and " I'm Afloat," &c. The
Learned Counsel was proceeding to read the affidavits
on which the application was made, when he was in-
terrupted by

BETHELL, who requested that the case might
stand over in order that the plaintiff might answer some
of the affidavits filed by the defendant yesterday.
Mr. STUART at once agreed to postpone the motion,
the defendant being anxious that the plaintiff should
have the benefits of all that he had " said or sung."
The VICE-CHANCELLOR said that the present was a
case to which the motto of audi alteram partem most
aptly applied.—(Great laughter.)
(Before Vice-Chancellor WIGRAM.)
THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL V. THE CORPORATION OF

CONGLETON.
Mr. ROMILLY continued his arguments to-day on the
motion for an injunction to restrain the Corporation of
Congleton from appointing a Master to the Free Gram-
mar School of Congleton, and from changing the order
of the school, or otherwise interfering with it.

QUEEN'S BENCH.-(THIS DAY.)

THE QUEEN V. BARNARD GREGORY.

This was a prosecution on an indictment against Bar-
nard Gregory, editor or the Satirist, for a libel published
in that paper on, and affecting thecharacter of the Duke
of Brunswick. The Duke, who conducted his own case
at the time of the trial, was this morning in Court long
before the Kitting of their Lordships, and took his place
within the bar, the place allotted for the Queen's counsel.
He was in communication with his solicitor until their
Lordships took their seats upon the bench.
Mr. Sergeant TALFOURD now entered and took his
seat close to the Duke, with whom he exchanged a few
words. The Learned Sergeant then rose, and said he
was instructed to apply to the Court to have judgment
passed upon the defendant, but he now understood that
the jury panel was not in Court.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE—The judgment is not
signed, and the jury panel is not in Court.
The case was then postponed for a few days, when
the defendant, who was in Court, attended by his so•
licitor, will be brought up and judgment will be pro-
nounced.

BAIL COURT.—(THIS DAY.)
(Before Mr. Justice COLERIDGE.)
ERPE V. FERRERS.

In this case Mr. BARS row, on the part of defendant,
moved for a rule to enter up judgment, as in case of a
nonsuit.

It will be remembered that in the action for breach of
promise of marriage, brought by Miss Smith against
Earl Ferrers, it was shown that the grandfather of the
plaintiff (Mr. Erpe), had advanced 100/., on the supposi-
tion that he was lending that amount to the noble de-
fendant. Subsequently an action was brought against
Earl Ferrers for the amount, which was set down for
trial in the Michaelmas sittings. The case, however,
never came before the Court, and hence the present ap-
plication.—Rule granted.
No other motion of public interest came before his
Lordship.

EXCHEQUER.-(THIS DAY.)
(Sittings in Banco.)
BEYNON V. MARGARET JONES.

Mr. V. Williams having obtained a rule, calling upon
plaintiff to show cause why the order obtained at
chambers, before Baron Rolfe, for the liberation of de-
fendant from custody of the sheriff of Carmarthen, should
not be set aside.

Mr. GRAY showed cause, and argued at great length
in favour of tho order. He contended, that there was no
difference between the present case, and the common one
against husband and wife, in which, as a matter of favour,
though not right, the practice usually was to liberate the
wife. There was no ground whatever shown fora departure
from the usual course. The circumstance of the de-
fendant having been married before judgment was ob-
tained, did not abate the action. In the case of King v.
Jones, where an application was made of the same
nature, the application was made, not on the ground of
defendant having no separate maintenance, but on the
ground of irregularity.
The COURT took time to consider.

COMMON PLEAS-(THIS DAY.)
(Sittings in Banco.)
HARRISON V. HAMPSON.
Mr. Sergeant MANNING moved for a rule for a new
trial in this case, on the ground of misdirection. The
case was tried in the last sittings after tern:; before Mr.
Justice Erle, and -was an action brought by the Eev. Mr.
Harrison, rector of a parish near Taunton, to recover pos-
session of a piece of land held by the plaintiff, which it
was alleged was a portion of the glebe belonging to the
rectory. The piece of land was a slip of land alongside
of the highway, and had been inclosed about forty-seven
years ago. It was originally a waste, and inclosed by a
person of the name of Heriot, who also built a cottage on
it. It bad since passed through the hands of three
parties. The possession had been acquiesced in by four
successive incumbents of the rectory. A verdict had
been given for the defendant, there being no evidence to
show that the land was ever considered a part of the
glebe, and the Learned Judge (Mr. Justice Erle), before
whom it was tried, having left it to the jury to consider,
in the absence of such evidence, and the acquiescence of
four successive incumbents in the possession, whether
the possession was not good, the Learned Counsel now
asked for a rule to show why this verdict should not be
set aside, on the ground that as sixty years in such
cases was the statute of limitations debarring the re-
co►ery of such property, whereas possession had only
been held for forty-seven years, and the acquiescence of
the previous incumbents did not at all invalidate the
title.—Rule to show cause granted.

GAMBLE V. KURTZ.
Mr. Sergeant CHANNEL moved for a rule to show
cause why the verdict of the special jury in this case
should not be set aside and a new trial granted. The
case was tried last term, and occupied three days. It
was an action for the infringement of a patent for an
improved method of making sulphate of soda and mu-
riatic acid, and a verdict was given for the plaintiff, to
the effect that though the principle was not new, the ap-
plication of it was. The Learned Gentleman now moved
for the defendant.—Rule granted.
The Court then adjourned till to-morrow.

SHE

COURT.—(THIS DAY.)
(Before Mr. Under-Sheriff BURCHELL.)
WICKET V. MAY.
This was an action brought to recover the sum of
61. 6s. lid. for goods sold and delivered. The defendant
plead that he was never indebted, satisfaction, and
set-off. The plaintiff is a
and the defendant is a sur
The satisfac-
tion
grocer in George-street, Portman-
square,An action was
was for makingg
hatnfor th appraisementeamount,fowrhitchhe
apeltaiionnti
is
still pending,
Mr. Taidatia, tot the plaintiff, contended that the
appraisement, even if the defendant was entitled to
charge for it, could not be pleaded in satisfaction, as the
work was done previously to the goods being delivered.
Mr. Ilacetuarts admitted that there was a technical dif-
ficulty as regarded that plea, but he should rely on the
other two pleas. He contended that no debt arose on
the delivery of the goods, as they were sent in as part
payment for the work done by the defendant.
Witnesses vVeiai called who proved that it was cus-
tomary for appraisements to be paid for at the time, but
that the amount was allowed to stand over at the re-
quest of the plaintiff, who when he was applied to for
the payment of 14L ss. for defendant, said that he had
sexit goods td the amount of 6/. 6s. 3d. on account, but
he was aware that the ds,,fandatit wits not a licensed ap-
nraiser, and therefore he should refer' bilta to his (plain-
Elf's) attorney.
The, cienEß-SElEnarr suggested that a juror should
be Mtbdrewth
Mr. THOMAS said he would agree if the other action
was discontinued.
Mr. HAWKINS said he would rather take a verdict.
Tiioatata .then urged that the plaintiff was en-
titled to be paid for go9dst and the defendant ought
to be left to his own remedy.
The La: tiza.ed UNDER-SHERIFF, in ,7umming up said,
that it was not a quesan for the jury, whether
the defendant was licensed or not ; if pot, he might be
liable to a fine, but at all events, any person en,;?loying
him was bound to pay. The question therefore wa.7;
how much he was entitled to, for he clearly had a right
to set up his claim as a set-off.
'l'i:a Jury gave a verdict fur th:, Uuleliciaut.
Mr. HAWKINS said, now the case was closed, he was
desired by the defendant to state, that the proceedings
in the other case would be discontinued, to it will 110

the defendant's wish to press the plaintiff, .but only to
protect himself.

MARLBRO'-STREET—(THIS DAY)
A middle-aged female, of superior mannei s, dressed
in deep mourning, who described herself as the widow
of an officer in the army, was charged with rt'fusing to
quit the house of the Earl of Arundel, No. Li, Carlton-
terrace.
Lord Arundel, who was accommodated with, .a sent on
the bench, stated that the defendant called at his resi-
dence last evening, and was very importunate, to obtain
an interview with him, which was refused. Between
nine and ten o'clock this morning she came again, and
having gained admission to the hall, positively refused
to leave the house, and it was found necessary
to call in a police-constable to remove her.
Edward Habbage, one of the Earl's domestics,. stated
that on his opening the door to the defendant this morn-
ing, she walked into the hall, stating that she wished to
see his Lordship; he told her that she would not he per-
mitted to do so, but she said she must and would insist
on having an interview. He endeavoured to persuade
her to withdraw from the house quietly, but she per-
sisted in remaining until she was taken away by the
constable to the station-house.
Mr. Ham:mien asked the defendant why she didl:not
leave his Lordship's house when required to do so?
The defendant said that certaincircumstances connected
with business of the greatest moment and importance
to her rendered her seeing his Lordship indispensable.
If the hearing of the case was postponed until she bad
procured legal advice she should be most willing to go
fully into al! the circumstances, which would explain her
reasons for seeking the interview with his Lordship. As
his Lordship had refused to see her she certainly did
insist on remaining in the hall.
Mr. HARDWICK said his Lordship had a right to re-
fuse to see her if he thought proper. If she had any
claim upon his Lordship she must enforce it in a legal
manner. She would not be permitted to intrude herself
into a person's house, where she had not the slightest
right to be.
The defendant said she was without fortune and had
not the means of instituting legal proceedings.
His Lordship said all he knew of the defendant was
from her having, about six years ago, applied to him
for pecuniary assistance, which he afforded her, and
had done so several times subsequently. On one occa-
sion he had called on her at her house, where she was
living with her mother. She now appeared to be la-
bouring under some delusion that she had some con-
nexion or other wi h his family, for which there was
not the slightest foundation.
Defendant—Oh ! I'm most anxious to prove that I
am nut the daughter of Lord Henry Howard.
Mr. HARDWICK said she had better consult her legal
adviser, and having obtained from her a promise that
she would not go to his Lordship's house again, she
was discharged.

COMMUNICATION by TELEGRAPH
BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND.
Amidst the many wonderful inventions of modern
days, wherein the faculties of man have overcome diffi-
culties apparently insurmountable, and made the ele-
ments subservient to his power, there are none more
wonderful than that now about to be carried out by the
establishment of submarine telegraphs, by which an
instantaneous communication will be effected between
the coast of England and France. The British Go-
vernm nt, by the Lords Commissioners of the Admi-
ralty, and the French Government, by the Minister
of the Interior, have granted permission to two gentle-
men, the projectors of the submarine telegraphs, to lay
it down from coast to coast. The site selected is from
Cape Gri,nez, or from Cape BlancnPz, on the French
side, to the South Foreland, on the English coast. The
soundings between these headlands gradually vary from
seven fathoms, near the shore, on either side, to a maxi-
mum of thirty. seven fathoms in mid-channel. The
Lords of the Admiralty have also granted permission to
the same gentlemen to lay down a submarine telegraph
between Dublin and Holyhead, which is to be car-
ried on from the latter place to Liverpool and
London. The submarine telegraph across the English
Channel will, however, be the one first laid down.
The materials for this are already undergoing the pro-
cess of insulation, and are in that state of forwardness
which will enable the projectors to have them completed,
and placed in position, so that a telegraphic communi-
cation can be transmitted across the chat mel about the
first week in June. When this is completed an electric
telegraph will be established from the coast to Paris,
and thence to Marseilles. This telegrap h throughout
France will be immediately under the direction of the
French Government, as, according to the law of 1837,
all telegraphic communications through that country are
under the absolute control and superintendence of the
Minister of the Interior. Upon the compi!etion of the
submarine telegraph across the English Channel, it is
stated that a similar one, on the most gigant is scale, will
be attempted to be formed, under the immediate sanc-
tion and patronage. of the French Admlifistration ; this
is no less than that of connecting the sh ores of Africa
with those of Europe by the same instrun tentality, thus
opening a direct and lightning-like come aunication be-
een Marseilles and Algeria. It has be( m doubted by
several scientific men whether thi4 is practicable, and
indeed, whether even the project between•. the coasts of
France and England can be accomplished, but it has
been proved by experiments, the most satisfactory in
their results, that not only can it be effected., but effected
without any considerable difficulty. Certain learned
and able meu of science asserted that it w..as impossible
to bring steam to such a state of perfection as to make
it available for trans-Atlantic navigation; a few short
months have convinced them that the dictoim so boldly
propounded was altogether fallacious.

CAPITAL PIJNISIMENT.—We understand that Mr. W.
M. Young, Secretary of the Health and Life Association, in-
tends proposing the organization of a National Association
for the Total Abolition of Capital Punishmen A, at the forth-
coming General Conference, which is to be held in Liver-
pool on the sth of May. The plan of t :his proposition
will also embrace a system of education, as a means of
promoting temperance, health, and moralit: r, and thereby
preventing crime and disease amongst the lower orders of
society. This, therefore, is an excellent opp ortunity for the
friends of humanity, in all parts of the co untry, to unite
their individual influence in one grand effooit, to extirpate
one of the most heartless and degrading custut ns of the pre-
sent day. We most earnestly hope to see this ha idable scheme
meet with that support and approbation whit :h it so justly
deserves.

ROWING MATCH AT OXFORD.—A short ti me since four
of the staff crew, consisting of amateurs, chatlenged to race
any four Oxford watermen that could be s elected, for 10/.
aside. The watermen lost no time in accepting the chal-
lenge, and picked out four of their best men, vho were deter-
mined not to throw a chance away, and wer it into regular
training. The race was fixed for this day, an el excited cone
siderable interest, both on account of the b oldness of the
challenge and the notoriety of the crews. It being holiday
week an immense number of persons were pre sent to witness
the match, which took place on the Jois aft er four o'clock.
The distance rowed was from Utley to the u. mai flag-post.
I',te Staff crew won the choice of sides, which was a material
point in their favour. Both crews st'irted off and kept
well together for the Long Bridge, when the es .4termen shot
ahead, and maintained it to the end of the rage, winning it
by about three boats length. The Waterman c ot,sisted of—
Penn (stroke), R. Barnes, G. Surredge, and G. West (bow),
Titus (coxswain). The Staff—Franklin (stroke,), Howse,
Taylor, Clai k (bow), Sturman (coxswain).
ODD FELLOWS ANNIVERSARY AT IV
WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY—The first anniversary or" the Loyal
Windsor Castle Lodge of Odd Fellows was celebrated yester-
day, by a sumptuous dinner, at the New Inn, at which
Colonel Reid, M.P. for the borough, Captain ialkeley, of
the Ist Royal Horse Guards, C. S. Voules, Esq., Geoffrey
Pearl. Esq., and upwards of forty of the brethren of the order
were present. The chair was taken by John Clode, jun.,
Esq. When the cloth was removed the usual loyal and
patriotic toasts were drunk; the "Health of hex Majesty
the Queen Dowager," who bad become the patroness of the
Widows and Orphans' Fund of the institution, beinie drunk
with "all the honours." On Colonel Reid's health being
drunk, the Gallant Member, in returning thanks, expressed
the delight be should always feel to support, by his presence,
and by every means in his power, so excellent and praise-
worthy an institution as the Odd Fellows' Society—a society
which was founded upon the purest principles of charity,
benevolence, and goodwill to all. Of its merits he could
speak from his own personal observation with reference to the
excellent conduct of those men, who were members, in the
2d regiment of Life Guards, during the long period he had
the honour of being in command.
ESCAPE AND RECAPTURE OF A NOTORIOUS MUSE'
BREAKER.—Hunt, the person captured, is well known as the
man who was suspected of robbing the residence of Mrs.
Dowson, in the neighbourhood of Bungay. He has also been,
according to his own admission when he appeared at our late
Quarter Sessions as a witness, Woupt up either seventeen of
eighteen times in custody, on suspecion, or under conviction.
He He is generally lucky enough to .. through their fingers,'
as he terms it, and last week he did e,) not only figurately,
but literally. He was apprehended by Sergeant Willament,
of the Yarmouth force, on a charge of *tee :ling some fowls
from a hen-roost at Ellingham, near Bungay. He was de-
tained here in custody until the county police tools- him in
charge ; just as Superintendent Hubbersty And an Assistant
police-officer were about entering Norwich Cantle, Huot very
good-humouredly bade them good night, and having kmecked
the officer down, and very seriously injured him in the be'olit
and head, ran away at a very rapid rate. He was handcuffeue
but being a very powerful and muscular fellow, be contrived
either to break his chain or to slip one of his hands through-
He has been recaptured at Ellingham, the scene of the rob-
bery for which he was in custody. In thus returning to his
olel haunts he did not show much worldly wisdom ; he has,
however, been caught, and will doubtless find that he has
Played a very hazardous game once too often.—Yarmouth
Chi onicle.
tic it IPHOLDERS' MEETING AT NE WCASTI:x-uPON"
TYNE.—A meeting of the holders of scrip certificates in the
new railway companies, convened by Newcastle Stock
Exchange, was held in the Queen's Head Inn, Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, on Tuesday afternoon ; Mr. Henry Otynn in the
chair. Since the advertisement calling the rneetin g had been
issued, the views of the Government with regard to the dis-
solution of certain companies had been published,; the bug'
ness was, therefore, confined to the adoption of the following
resolution, on the motion of Mr. J. Scott, seconde, d by Ist!'
T. Flail :—" That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the
measure contemplated by her Majesty's Ministers with n
re-
ference
to the projected railways, is entitled to ; their _
qualified support; that they also cordially app roe e of the
_,
notice of motion which has been given by Geor, Hudson
Eeel., to compel every new company, after obtain ng, an Act,
to call e, !sleeting of the registered proprietors of. el mares, to
determine wheLlier the works shall be proceeded w ith or not;
some such measure ik;,!_ng absolutely necessary for Abe Por
pose of protecting registered shareholders; and ti sat a 17`,
tion, embodying these views, bit prepared, and pi 'es. •ntea 1"
Parliament."
of
THE YACHT ROMULUS.—This handsome str_e,
tter,
thirty-two tons, late the property of Lord Wharn.clett "
ceased, has been purchased by H. Kennard, Esq., a member
cf the Royal Harwich Yacht Club.
BILLS OF MORTALITY.—The total number or deaths
(exclusive of deaths from violence) registered in ate
,t.b!..
titan district for the week ending 11th April, 1846., is 832,
,Uf
ete- RI Conii).lllA. to ti, tilt_ 14,01. k.ie •alie,? O.
nrevalent diseases appear to have beenl
156. The
• eespiration, the deaths from which WOrka
the organs of ". brain and nerves, the deaths fro= ivalcm
Of
and diseases th,

~.• ~._ .