The Sun.
London, England, 1848-06-19 00:00:00

office of President of the Co uncil at Madrid had
changed hands twenty-nine tim es, and had been held
in succession by twenty-seven different personages ;
and seeing, moreover, that between October, 1832,
and October, 1847, the office of Minister for Foreign
Affairs had changed hands thirty-seven times, and
had been held successively by no less than
thirty-two different diplomatists ! Secondly, the
Spanish Government stated that during the
insurrection of the 26th of March, the house of the
British Legation had been the asylum and the rally-
ing point of the conTirators ; and secondly, Lord
PALMERSTON counter-stated that the official residence
of Sir H. BULWER had not been the rallying point of
revolt, and that as to its having afforded shelter to
the unfortunate, that was a practice of universal and
continual recurrence, and one which had hitherto
received the acquiescence of every Government, not
excepting the Government of her Most Catholic
MAJESTY. In addition to this, the British Minister
reminded Senor ISTURITZ of the circumstances of his
having himself in 1836 obtained shelter at the
British Legation, Lord CLARENDON, then Mr. VIL-
LIERS, being at the time ambassador ; of SALAMANCA,
of ZARCO DEL VpAaLsnLiimEsh,ilaarGndopyroeofrtneScmotieTonontmaAstYuotbhßseelphuiamennsitesilh:
obtaining LegLeg t n thleB4S3'
commemorating the fact by conferring upon the
Danish Charge Affaires the distinguished title of
the Baron del Asilo. Thirdly, the Spanish Govern-
ment proclaimed the culpability of Sir 11. BULWER
in having formed an intimate friendship with the
family of an officer engaged in the revolt at Seville ;
and thirdly, Lord PALMERSTON asserted that the
assumption of any power over the friendships
formed by an Ambassador at any Court in
Christendom, by the Ministers of that Court,
was one of the most odious of the many odious pre-
tensions of tyranny. Fourthly, the Spanish Govern-
ment insisted that the mission of Colonel FITCH was
fur the purpose of promoting insurrection ; and,
fourthly, Lord PALMERSTON insisted, on the contrary,
that that mission had reference simply and solely to the
protection of the British interests in the southern
ports of the Peninsula. Fifthly, the Spanish Go-
vernment argues that because Mr. SANsost (the Di-
rector of the Union Bank of Madrid) was an intimate
friend of Sir H. BULWER, and had been known to
speak disparagingly of NARVAEZ and his coadjutors,
therefore his Excellency was favoured with the re-
quisite passports ; and, fifthly, Lord PALMERSTON
laughs that argument to scorn, as preposterously un-
proven and insufficient. Sixthly, it is declared by
the Spanish Government that the final reason for the
dismissal of Sir H. BULWER originated in an anxiety
for his personal safety from assassination ; and sixth/y,
Lord PALMERSTON destroys this monstrous effort at
extenuation by vindicating the citizens of Madrid
from this unjustifiable calumny. From the failure of
these specious excuses has arisen the last act in the
drama of Spanish dissensions—we mean the sudden
dismissal of his Excellency Senor XAVIER DR
ISTURITZ. How far this denouement must ultimately
tend to advance the interests, not only of Great Britain,
but likewise of the Spanish and Portuguese penin-
sula, will be clearly and readily explained hereafter.

The important motion, of which the veteran
JOSEPH HUME, the consistent, energetic, and uncom-
promising Reformer of nearly 40 years, has given
notice, will at length, we trust, receive that full dis-
cussion, that calm and attentive consideration which
its vast importance so fully merits, and to which the
anxious wishes of the vast majority of the industrial
classes throughout the entire country in its favour so
eminently entitle it. Although in common with the
great body of Reformers we regretted that a question
of such general interest should, under any circum-
stances, have been postponed to so late a period of the
session, we felt that the Honourable Member for
Montrose was fully justified in refusing to bring the
subject forward at a late hour in the evening, when
the House was wearied from its preceding labours,
and whe❑ it would have been impossible to bring
forward in detail the various facts bearing
strongly upon the point, and incontrovertibly esta-
blishing the justice and propriety of the contemplated
measures. If any doubt could then have existed as
to the sagacity of the Hon. Member in pursuing such
a course it would be completely removed by the
magnificent demonstrations which have taken place
in so many districts, and which must have already
removed the delusion under which the Premier
laboured on the 23d of May last, when he asserted
that the middle and working classes of the country
desired neither one great reform or the other—that
they were anxious neither for the people's Charter
nor for the great plan of reform, which came near the
Charter, proposed by the Hon. Member for Mon-
trose." In the interval the popular voice has been
expressed, temperately but fairly, and whatever
difference may now exist as to the expediency of
an immediate alteration of the law, there cannot be
the slightest doubt that the people are not satisfied
with the present state of affairs ; that with Mr. HUME
they declare " that the House of Commons as at
present constituted does not fairly represent the po-
pulation, the property, or the industry of the coun-
try, whence has arisen great and increasing discon-
tent in the minds of a large proportion of the people."
The constitutional theory is " that there should be
no taxation without representation ;" in other words,
" that every person who, in any degree, contributes
to the national income, should have a voice, by him-
self or his representative, in the national ex-
penditure, and also in the mode by which
the Exchequer may be replenished." This is
the just and equitable theory, but what is
the practice ? Under the present system of
indirect taxation every individual who is not
a pauper obtaining parochial assistance, is compelled
to apply a considerable portion of his earnings in pay.
Inept of the imposts levied upon articles of the firs

necessity in daily consumption in his family. If,
therefore, such a person, in accordance with the prin-
ciple to which we have referred, might justly claim
the elective franchise a fortiori, every householder,
who not only contributes directly to the national exi-

gencies, but is also rated for the relief of his more
impoverished and destitute brethren, in respect
of the tenement which he occupies, should possess a
similar privilege.

How many householders, however, throughout the
entire country are left unrepresented, ex uno disce omnes.
A petition which appears in another part of our im-

pression this day, and of the accuracy of which we

are assured on the most unquestionable authority, sets
forth, " that there are in the torn of Thorne and

Thorne Quay 570 householders rated to the relief a

the poor, and that there are only 87 of such house-
holders qualified by law to vote for Members of

Parliament, leaving above five-sixths of such house•

holders totally unrepresented in the Commons House

of Parliament," and "that among such unrepresented
householders there are three ministers of the Gospel,
five schoolmasters, and four attorneys-at-law, and
that among the 87 electors there is neither an attor-

ney-at-law, a minister, nor a schoolmaster, except the
clergyman of the Established Church." If, then,
Thorne affords a fair example of the state of other
towns throughout the entire kingdom, is it strange

that a general feeling of indignation should prevail
at the system by which so many persons are de-
frauded of their rights, and prevented from exercising
that control in the government of the country which
iY the privilege of a free-born man unstained by
crime ?

SPAIN.
Madrid journals of the 11th, 12th, and litth have
been received.
On the lath her MAJESTY gave a grand banquet to
her Ministers. The Queen-Mother, the Duke of
RIANZARES, and the Duke DE LA RocA. T SAN CAR-
LOS, and others were present. The KING was absent
on account of indisposition.

It is said a military pronunciamento, headed by
General CONCHA, was about to take place against the
arbitrary rule of the Narvaez Ministry, who are tot-
tering to their fall. The report of the debate in the
British House of Commons had arrived in Madrid,
and would, it was supposed, prove fatal to them.
The return of MIaASOL, and the publication of Lord
PALMERSTON'S dispatch dismissing ISTURITZ, will
no doubt, therefore, give them their coup de grace.
It was expected that a very important measure
would be published in a few days by the Minister of
the Finance, which would tend to the amelioration of
the financial state of the country. Some further

arrests have taken place, and which have caused a
very unfavourable impression in the public mind.
The Bolsa was closed during the Whitsuntide holi-
days.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.
We have received the Paris papers of Saturday
and yesterday.
All was quiet in Paris, and the aff.tir of Prince
Louis NAPOLEON appears to have been entirely for-
gotten by all parties. It was a bad game badly played
by all parties, and Prince Louis NAPOLEON has, at the
eleventh hour, acted wisely in withdrawing himself
and not suffering the great name he bears to be
prostituted to the anti-social purposes of communists
and reactiennaires. In the provinces, however, there
had been serious disturbances produced by the intri-
gues of the parti-pretre and the reactionnaires.
The weekly statement of the affairs of the Bank of
France, which ought ) have appeared in the Mani-
teur of Friday, appears in the 21/oniteur of Saturday.
From these returns it appears that the metallic re-
serve in the Paris establishment has increased 5 mil •
lions, and in the branch banks 3 millions. The
amt.unt of bills becoming due in Paris continues to
decline, being at present 117 millions, or 19i millions
less than last week ; in the branch banks the amount
is 141 millions, or 8 millions less. The overdue bills
amount to nearly 9 millions, tr 1k more than when
the preceding returns were published. The protested
bills amount in Paris to nearly 30 millions, and in the
branch banks to 1 lit millions, being together about
one million less than last week. The amount of
notes in circulation at Paris is 280 millions, or 5 mil-
lions less than last week, and in the branch banks
783- millions, or 7 millions less. The account current
of the Treasury is set down at 17 millions, being a
diminution of 2 millions. The metallic reserve now
amounts to 146 against 359 millions of notes in cir-
culation.
In the sitting on Friday the Minister of the In-
terior introduced a Bill for the purpose of granting a
credit of 300,090 francs for a revision of the list of
the National guards liable to be called into active
service in France, according to the laws of 1831 and
1832 ; also to authorise the calling out of twenty
men out of 100, when unmarried and from twenty to
twenty-five years of age, with the understanding that
they were at present to remain at home.
This Bill adds at once 100,000 men to the French
army, and the object of this addition is not concealed
by the Minister of the Republic :
" The first end," he says," which the Government i
has n view is to lighten by 100,000 men the expenses of
the war department. France, in fact, insured in a per-
manent and seriously military reserve, will be able,
without danger, to reduce the effective of her army to
that extent, and to send back her young soldiers, after
they have been completely instructed, to their friends.
A pacific thought and economy is the first character of
the measure which we propose to you; but, nevertheless,
France has another object which ought to fix your at-
tention. The Executive Commission preserves the firm
hope. of maintaining peace. France cannot at the same
tune assist, without watching, at changes made in other
territories. She cannot tolerate that any increase in the
power of her neighbours should weaken her own power,
without a compensation to herself. Such are, citizens, the
general motives which have inspired the project of de-
cree submitted for your deliberation. It remains for us
to justify the amount of allowance demanded."
The meaning of the ominous passage given in
italics is generally supposed to be that the consent of
France to the incorporation of Lombardy with
Piedmont, can only be purchased by the cession of
Savoy, Nice, and perhaps Genoa, to the French
Republic.
The Coratitsdionnel of Sunday thus comments on
this important document :
" Among tho motives given by the Government for
this measure we find the following:—' The Executive
Committee retains the firm hope of the maintenance of
peace. Nevertheless France cannot witness changes in
territorial limits without acting with foresight. She
cannot tolerate that a neighbouring state should increase
its power without her deriving any compensation for it,
and by which act her own power becomes weakened.' It
is probable that when this decree shall be examined in
the bureaux, the Government will be called on to give
complete explanations on the subject of this declaration.
Italy at this moment reconquers from Austria, by a
victorious revolution, her independence and her na-
tionality. In order the better to concentrate her forces,
and to be able to oppose an impregnable barrier to any
oppression which may come from the north, and from the
east, a vast state of Upper Italy is being formed by the
free and voluntary union of the people of Lombardy,
Venice, Parma, Placentia, and Modena, with Piedmont,
whose valiant army protects them. This union is being'
realised, not by the will of any particular parties, but
by the spontaneous vote of the people themselves. A
feeble majority opposes this act of good sense of Italy.
At the same time the struggle continues, Verona and
Mantua are still in the hands of the Austrians, and a
e reason
move.
There part of the Venetian provinces is covered by their troops.
that
of the
grounding
Republic, which has a powerful interest in the formation
a first The Russian armies, the rear guard of Austria, cum-
eeleitre is is said,
tho be
ea on
oh the
for
ofag
appeal
teal state in
made
Ntoortthheernwarlike population of France
Italy, surpriseinstead
on an eventual necessity of giving prompt assistance to
the cause of Italian liberty, should on the contrary make
use of a language almost hostile to it, and speak of a
conquest to be made before speaking of a service to be
rendered.
"In order to form a just opinion of the whole pro-
posed policy of the Executive Committee with regard to
Italy, we shall wait for the explanations which will be
given in the bureaux. But while the Neapolitan Go-
vernment is exercising on its own subjects, and contrary
to the cause of liberty, such unjustifiable acts of vio-
lence, and the Piedmontese Government, on the contrary
is combating with so much courage and success for the
cause of revolution and liberty, is it not strange that the
first threatening words of our Government should be
addressed, not to the power which commands at Naples,
but to that which fights in Lombardy?"
Serious troubles have broken out in the department
of La Creuse, at Gueret, in consequence of the at-
tempts made to enforce the collection of the 45 per
cent. additional impost laid on by the Provisional
Government.
In the sitting of the Assembly on Sa-
turday, the Minister of Finance gave an account of
this outbreak. He said that while the mayors and
local authorities were engaged in inquiries as to the
means of lightening the burden imposed by this tax,
those persons who arrogate to themselves the title of
exclusive protectors of the poor interfered to prevent
the execution of their good intentions. What did
they do ? They converted a tree of liberty into a
gallows, with a rope prepared, while the tri-colour
was displaced by a black flag, and they declared that
any citizen who paid the tax should be hung. A
crowd of country people flocked to the town of
Gueret, and while an excited discussion was going on
between them and the National Guards, two shots
were fired, and a National Guard and a Pompier
were wounded. The National Guard immediately
returned the fire, and ten were killed and five
wounded. Such is the official account from the
Minister of Finance.
M. FATOLLE, the representative of La Creuse, and
Commander of the National Guard, gave an expla-
nation of the occurrences that had taken place, vary-
ing little from the Finance Minister, but ending
o
somewhat more doubtfully. He said the department
La Creuse was very poor, and property was ex-
trently divided. Nearly all the little proprietors
were obliged to work as Ea 280115, their chief trade, and
they used to come to Paris in the building season ;
but. on account of the suspension of employment they
have been refused passports, and they cannot pay the
additional tax of 45 per cent. The people are in the
greatest misery. The collision that had taken place
was brought about by the arrest of a man who had
posted a placard on the chapel door, threatening death
to whoever would pay the 45 additional centimes.
At his arrest being effected, the tocsin
was sounded in the neighbouring vii
lag(

ges and the peasantry incited to revolt
Seven hundred men marched on Gueret to deliver
the prisoner. Then it was that the National Guards
were called out. At first there was hope of bringing
about a reconciliation, but towards evening the ex-
asperation of the country people became frightful--
the Bens d'armes endeavoured to disperse the crowd
as quietly as possible, when from the latter were
fired three shots, and the National Guards returned
the fire. The crowd immediately dispersed, and the
National Guards returned t) Gueret. M. FATOLLE,
having thus stated the facts, proceeded as follows :
" All is not over. I must tell you that, before you
accuse the National Guard, you have yet to learn
whether the eineute has not by this time been re-
newed, and revenge been taken. All that we do
know is that the insurrection is spreading, and that
the tocsin is sounding."
Several voices—" You must not say that."
M. FATOLLE—" If I am to credit a correspondence,
efforts are making to raise the country people, and to
march them on Gueret."
Several voices•.«isio, They will not succeed." ,

M. FAYOLLE—" I hope and desire not."
In the course of the discnssion it came out that
this tax of 45 per cent. had been an election cry in
the remote provinces, and that many members owed
their seats to the pledges they had given to insist on
its repeal. The peasantry of the south and east of
France have ever been the most ignorant
and the most under the rule of the priests of
any portion of the population. As an instance,
we may mention the manner in which they came
forward at Toulouse and endeavoured by force and
by fraud, by perjury and by violence, to rescue the
infamous Frere LEOTADE from the punishment due to
his crimes, and it is precisely in those departments
that these disturbances are occurring. At Nisrnes,
where in 1815, the Catholic population rose and made
a general massacre of Protestants and Liberals,
a collision has taken place i❑ which three persons
have been killed and several have been wounded,
and according to the latest account a Legitimist out-
break had taken place at Perpignan, where the coun-
try people arrived en masse, demanding permission to
pillage, with the assurance, however, that no outrage
on persons shall be committed. The authorities have
communicated this state of things to the Government
by telegraph, and the town has been declared in a
state of siege.
At Toulouse a religious riot took place on Sunday,
when the authorities were compelled to call in mili-
tary assistance to disperse a religious procession
which had assumed a riotous character. Some of the
National Guards of the place, who belong to the
parti-pretre, and who were in the procession, actually
took part against their comrades. Owing, however,
to the courage and energy of the enlightened portion
of the population, order was restored, and the au-
thorities have interdicted those religious processions
for the future.
A letter from Foix, of the 12th, says—
" A collision has just taken place between some troops
of the line and the gendarmerie of the canton of Ta-
rascon, and the inhabitants of the commune of Rabat.
Since the revolution of February the inhabitants of that
commune have never ceased to commit depredations in
the forests belonging to a M. Bengasse, and to such an
extent have these people carried their audacity that about
40 furnaces have been erected for the purpose of burning
charcoal at the expense of that gentleman. A warrant
had at length been taken out against them, but the
gendarmerie hesitated to execute it without the assist-
ance of some troops of the line. The arrests were then
made without much difficulty; but at the moment when
the prisoners were being taken off, the armed force
were assailed with such violence that they were obliged
to fire on the people in their own defence. Two or three
of the rioters were severely wounded, but the prisoners
were taken in safety to the prison at Foix."
A letter from Toul of the 15th, in the Impartial de
la Ilfeurthe, says—
" Eleven individuals who had been arrested for some
recent riots at Toul have been removed to Nancy, but
to effect this removal it was necessary to employ a large
armed force, as threats of their being rescued had been
used. A large crowd of people, however, had assem-
bled with the intention of supporting the military in
case of any attempt of the kind being made."
Lyons appears to be still in a state far from tran-
quil. The Salut Public of the 15th, says—
" The night before last, at the Guillotiers, some riot-
ous persons sought to get hold of some police agents,
but thanks to the vigorous measures adopted by the
municipal authorities their designs were frustrated.
Fire of the guilty parties have been already arrested,
and it is hoped that with the co-operation of all good
citizens order and tranquillity, so necessary to the pros-
perity of the Republic, will soon be re-established."
Within the last few days deplorable disturbances
have broken out in some communes of the Ardennes,
owing to the hostility of the peasants to the removal
of grain to Belgium. The most serious resistance
was made at Fond-de-Givonnee, where a barricade
was erected near the bridge ; and the National Guard
of Sedan, the troops of the garrison, and some bri-
gades of gendarmerie, had all to be employed to de •
strop it. From twelve to fifteen citizens were
wounded in the struggle, but eventually the perturba-
tors were put down, and four or five of them were
captured. A manufacturer of Sedan subsequently
purchased the grain, in order to give it to the poor.
The Committee of Finance, after hearing the argu-
ments of MM. TRIERS, LOUVET, DAVID, and LA-.
CROIX, have decided, by a large majority, against the
Bill on mortgage credits. This decision has been
communicated to the sub committee on legislation,
which has been also charged to examine the measure.
In the same committee a discussion took place on the
project of the State dispossessing all the Fire In-
surance Companies. The Committee are understood
to be unfavourable to the measure.
The Committee on Foreign Affairs has been occu-
pied of late in several sittings with petitions relative
to the affairs of the Libanus. The whole of the
affairs of the East were fully discussed on this occa-
sion. After having heard the explanations of M. J.
BASTIDE, it was decided to send the whole of the pe-
titions to the Executive Committee. M. SARRANS,
the President of the sub-Committee on Foreign
Affairs, was charged to draw up the report, which is
now ready.
The representatives examined, on Friday, in
the bureaux the Bill demanding a new credit of
3,000,000 f. for the national workshops. The general
idea was that these establishments ought to be dis-
solved within the shortest possible delay. M. GOUD-
cuAui gave some curious details in his bureau. He
declared in a formal manner that, from the moment
the propagation of Louis BLANC'S ideas had been esta-
blished at the Luxembourg, he had determined to quit
the Finance Department, which had been confided to
him by the Provisional Government; he foresaw at
once, he said, that the system of M. Louis BLANC
would be the ruin of the finances. M. CREIZIEUX,
in
his bureau, insisted on the peril of the present situa-
tion ; he attributed the continuation of the establish-
ments, for which the Bill demanded money, in part
to the bad organization :of the present executive
power, and declared that there was neither unity nor
agreement between the Ministers, amongst them-
selves, nor amongst the members of the Executive
Committee.—M. DE FALLOUT brought forward docu-
ments and figures with a view to prove that it was the
workmen that were to be defended against the Ad-
ministration, and not the Administration against
them.—M. ETIENNE observed, that when the pre-
ceding grant of 3,000,000 f. was demanded, the
Minister of Public Works had pledged himself, in
the most solemn manner, to dissolve almost imme-
diately the establishments complained of, and still up
to the present time nothing had been done.—Baron
C. DUNN designated these establishments as the
cradle of idleness, where two milliards would be
eaten up every year, including the workyards
throughout France ; already, he said, the ill
effects of the state supporting a large body
of workmen was fatally apparent—business
was at a stop.—M. DEGOUSEE expressed his astonish-
ment that the number of workmen had not been di-
minished ; not less than 22,000 liberated convicts
were still working there, whilst a law existed for-
bidding such men to set foot in Paris. 21. Mowzl-
MER-TERNAUX also condemned the principle of the
State wasting such immense sums on unfruitful
labour ; and then, referring to the position of the city
of Paris, he showed that the capital was by no
means in a flourishing situation ; its money in hand
had fallen off since Feb. 24, from twenty-two millions
to betwixt six and seven. A great number of repre-
sentatives, after speaking strongly against the na-
tional workshops, agreed in thinking that the Go-
vernment ought to be called on peremptorily to de-
clare what they intended doing in the matter; they
also were of opinion that full explanations ought to
he insisted on respecting the affair of M. E. TuoaliAs.
Ihe Committee on the Colonies has considered the
question of the abolition of slavery, and has deter-
mined that, as the Minister of Marine, contrary to
the promises formally given, has as yet done nothing
to insure the regulation of the indemnity due to the
colonists in consequence of that measure, it would
itself assume the initiative, and present a Bill on the
subject.

The Committee on the Constitution have finished
their labours, and M. AIARRAST will this day present
to the National Assembly the project for the new
Constitution of the French Republic.
The following is the draft of the material points of
this important document :
CONSTITUTION OF THE FRENCH

REPUBLIC.
RIGHTS OF MAN.
In the presence of GOD, and in the name of the
French people, the National Assembly proclaims and
decrees the following :
Art. 1. The duties of man in society are summed up
in respect for the constitution, in obedience to the laws,
in the defence of the country, in the accomplishment of
liis family duties, and in the praotice of that fraternal