The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONION, MONDAY EVENING, S

direction, of expelling Oleir American assailants
beyond the boundaries of the republic.
Among the preliminary indications of this counter-
revolution, perhaps the most sig.nificant and influen-
tial was the dispatch addressed by' the leaders of the
soldiery quartered in the metropolis, to the Com-
mandant-General of the department of Vera aruz•
That document, translated from. Ii Indicador, and
inserted in another column of The Sun, is a noble
exponent of the sentiments in which this revolt
has originated. It mentions, without malevolence or
even bitterness, but with a kind of lofty and compla-
cent disdain, " the insignificant and extremely dis-
affected forces" of Generals BRAVO and PAREDES ;
it summons " the illustrious General SANTA ANNA to
come and place himself immediately at the head of the
army, sustaining the national independence and liber-
ties;" and terminates with the laconic, but sublime
watchwords, " GOD and Liberty !" Before the de-
parture of the Caledonia, it would appear that
rumours were prevalent of the arrival of the re-
nowned SANTA ANNA, and his former Ministers of
State, in Mexico. Whether he had already actually
reached the insurgent troops or not, there is an abso-
lute certainty of his speedily availing himself of the
opportunity thus thrown in his way by the mutations
of fortune.

By rashly invading the Mexican dominions, And
bringing the military and political authority of
PAREDES into contempt, the men of the United
States have, as it were, melted a substratum of snow,
and caused an avalanche to totter over their heads.
In rousing the national passions of any community,
however enervated and slothful that community may
be, in goading them on to a simultaneous outburst
by unjustifiable incursions, but especially by concen-
trating the patriotic sentiments of a whole people
upon one man, and that man a man of powerful
and comprehensive genius, the Americans have
acted foolishly foolishly, at least, as far as
they themselves are concerned. In other particu-
lars, and with an eye to ulterior consequences, we can-
not but conceive that such occurrences as the recent
invasion of armies from the United States may en-
kindle such a spirit in the torpid bosoms of the
Mexicans as will in time transform them from an
enervated race to an active, enterprising, and useful
community of freemen. Mr. MACAULAY has some-
where written that the licentiousness, cruelties,
and butcheries which have generally signalised those
revolutions of which the realisation of liberty was the
object, have been absurdly employed as an argument
against struggling for national freedom. He illus-
trates this view of the question by one of his luminous
comparisons, observing that the destruction of
despotism is like the exorcism of an evil
spirit, and that though that devil rend his
victim with terrific throes and excruciating
torments on being expelled, his expulsion is
not the less desirable. As well, he exclaims,
might the fool in the Grecian fable declare,
after a narrow escape from drowning, that he would
never enter the water again until he had learnt to
swim, as a tyrannised nation await the time
when it could welcome its emancipation with-
out any evidence of brutality in struggling for
its attainment. The same reasoning may be applied
to a nation degraded by slothfulness as to a nation
reduced to the degradation of vassalage. Some
violence must arise whenever either seeks its own
elevation. The wand of CIRCE may be re-
garded as no inapt emblem of the sceptre
of despotism changing those who yield
to its allurements to swine. The cup of Comus may
in like manner be taken as no extravagant image of
the draughts of pleasure offered by Indolence, the
swallowing of which transformed the " human form
divine" into bestial shapes. With this shameful
aggression on the part of the United States, and the
consequent exposure of the dangers resulting from
the national torpor which pervades Mexican society,
the latter may be aroused from their protracted
lethargy, and one of the foremost nations in the
march of civilisation may spring from the debris
of one of the rearmost. Of this great movement
on the part of Mexico, SANTA ANNA appears
to have naturally assumed the direction. The repul-
sion of the American invaders should never be
regarded by him as his ultimate design—he should
consider it as merely one step towards the at-
tainment of the regeneration of his coun-
try. By the recent incursion and the
rapid successes of the invaders, it is mani-

fest that some alteration must be made in the
social condition of the Mexicans, otherwise they will
be always liable to become the conquests of any un-
principled neighbour. Until that alteration be made,
the political existence of the republic will continue
most precarious. By the natural richness of its soil,

by the vastness of its dimensions, and by its central
position in the western hemisphere, Mexico is exactly
calculated to consolidate itself into a gigantic and
flourishing community. SANTA ANNA is now sum-
moned by national acclamation to the head of
affairs : let him rightly seize the emergency, and he
may become the Mexican BOLIVAR.

The intelligence which reached us by the last mail
*rom India is, in a military point of view, truly
gratifying. It furnished us with a document from
the East India directors to their Government, dated
April 22, 1846, by which they announced their re-
solution to promote to the rank of ensign such
European warrant and non-commissioned officers of
their service as had, or might hereafter, distin-
guish themselves in action with the enemy, and
be considered by the Commander-in-Chief and
the Government of India eminently deserv-
ing of this reward. In conformity with this
authority, Viscount HARDIN GE has already
cordially congratulated six ensigns (who have been
thus elevated from the rank of sergeant-major), and
the army at large, upon the public recognition of the
principle, that henceforth the rank of a commissioned
officer will be within the reach of every man serving
in the ranks ; and we rejoice that his Lordship, so
distinguished himself in the military annals of his
country, has declared that he will be most happy to
give the fullest effect to the liberal intentions of the
Court of Directors. The commissions of the new
ensigns have been very properly dated from
the 10th of February last, the day of the victory
of Sobraon ; and the outfit of each has been
aided by a grant of a thousand rupees. Such
is the nature of the intelligence received. We honour
the East India Board for their justice and genero-
sity. The importance of the principle on which they
have acted cannot be overrated. What the directors
have done will diffuse heartfelt joy in the breasts of
thousands upon thousands in this country, as well as
in India. The example that has thus been set in the
Hon. Company's service must, we should think, be
immediately followed, if it has not already, by the
Commander-in-Chief of the English army. Indeed,
it is impossible it can be otherwise, without doing
violence to every generous sentiment. The principle
of promotion from the ranks, which has at length been
publicly avowed and honourably conceded, is what
the British soldier has long aspired after in vain. It
is now sanctioned in a way that will speedily put the
English army on the same chivalrous footing with its
European rivals. The towering military genius of
NAPOLEON constituted his legions with the most con-
summate wisdom. Ile made the avenues to distinc-
tion broad and open, and his humblest follower in
the ranks felt there was no reward he might not gain
with requisite talent, unaided, though it might be, by
the adventitious adjuncts of fortune or social con-
nexion. Hence even a throne itself was occupied by
one of his famous marshals, who started in life as the
son of an innkeeper. It was, however, by virtue of
the excellent education, which is so essential a part of
the military system of France, that the great heroes,
who figured so conspicuously in the wars of the mo-
dern HANNIBAL, were enabled to fill the high stations
with becoming dignity, to which they had been raised
by their daring prowess in war. And it is because
we are convinced that sound policy and humanity
will alike combine to enforce the neccessity
of our imparting a liberal education to all
who shall hereafter enlist in our service,
now that the epaulette is to grace the
shoulders of those who serve our SOVEREIGN with
faith, honour, and distinction, in a subordinate, as
well as in a superior capacity, that we hail with de-
light the tribute that has been recently paid to the
hardy defenders of our vast Oriental possessions.
Parents, who have hitherto been pained on learning
that their thoughtless sons had enlisted, and who have
frequently made every effort to raise a sufficient sum
of money to redeem them from what they consider an

ill-requited condition, tantamount to slavery with its
degrading punishments, will now exult whenever
their offspring embrace a profession where
their minds will be cultivated and the
wreaths of fame may entwine their brows.
Those who have been much on the Continent are
aware how seldom the soldier is seen in a state of in-
toxication, the parent of numberless vices. This is
attribUtable to the force of education. Amongst
other good results that will attend the praiseworthy
principle laid down by the East India Board will be
the death-blow to the infliction of the lash. This bar-
barous punishment will become obsolete, or, at the
most, be reserved for criminals of the worst de-
scription.

It is singular that England, humane, generous, and
noble as she is, should have so long remained in-
different to the superior enlightenment with which
other powerful and civilised nations have governed
their armies. Nothing but the matchless and in-
vincible courage of her sons has enabled her to do so
with impunity. Every other profession has presented a
remarkable contrast. In the law there has been
nothing to prevent the clerk in an attorney's office
from winning his way to the Woolsack and the
Peerage. In medicine, the boy who has stood with
his pestle and mortar behind the apothecary's counter
may live to become the most eminent physician of his
age; and the mitre we know has constantly rested on the
temples of those who have been but humble ushers
in provincial schools. In the army alone, where great
personal daring, self-respect, and a keen sense of
honour are the pervading attributes of its members,
has a galling line been drawn, an invidious barrier
established. Thankful, then, are we that a new era is
dawning upon us, and that the natural rights of the
soldier are on the eve of being generally recognised.
A great move has been made in the right direction.
Nevertheless, much remains to be accomplished,
which to indicate and enlarge upon at this moment
would exceed our present limits. The importance of
the subject will induce us to return to it.

Accounts from Rome mention the arrival of the
Prince DE JOINVLLLE in that city on the 29th ult.
Notwithstanding his express desire to pass unnoticed,
he was received at Civita Vecchia with all the honours
due to his rank. The troops were drawn up to sa-
lute him on his landing, and the Delegate delivered
to him the following address :—" I am happy, in qua-
lity of representative of the Government of his Holi-
ness, in having this occasion for offering my respect
and services to the conqueror of Mogador, a worthy
son of the great KING whom PROVIDENCE has sent
into the world for the good of mankind." The
Prince, in his reply, repeated his desire to pass un-
noticed, as he was only come to Rome to throw
himself at the feet of the Holy Father. On
his coming ashore the crowd assembled on
the port greeted him with loud acclama-
tions, and threw before him two addresses. To
escape from these manifestations, the Prince deter-
mined not to stop at Civita Vecchia, but imme-
diately proceeded to Rome, where he arrived at ten
in the evening, accompanied by Prince ALBERT DE
BROGLIE, first Secretary of the Embassy, who had
come to meet him. On the following day, at
twelve, his Royal Highness was received by the
POPE, with marked kindness and visible pleasure.
His Holiness expressed to him his earnest wishes
for the welfare and happiness of the King and
Queen of the FRENCH, in terms which must be
most gratifying to their MAJESTIES. The Prince dined
at the embassy, in company with several personages
of the highest distinction, among whom were Car-
dinal Gizzr, Secretary of State, Prince and Princess
MASSIMO, and their sister-in-law. Prince and Prin-
cess TORLONIA would have been present, but the
Princess was obliged to leave Rome for Naples on
the same day, and was to dine with the Prince on
board his ship when in the bay. His Royal High-
ness left Rome for Naples on Sunday evening, with
two aides-de-camp, travelling by land, leaving behind
him about fifteen of his officers, and his chaplain, the
Abbe COQUEREAU, all of whom had leave of absence
for five days, to enable them to visit the antiquities
and other objects of interest at Rome.

His Holiness has, it it said, prohibited the digni-
taries of the Church from appearing at places cf
public amusement. This is considered as the fore-
runner of a reform of the ecclesiastical discipline
generally. The Porn has appointed a commission
to examine and to report upon the various plans pro-
posed for the formation of railways within his
dominions.

The Governor of Foligno has been dismissed ; on
his departure from the city he was pelted with stones
by the people.

In the neighbourhood of Turin 25,000 troops are
assembled, and the King of SARDINIA has quitted
Racconizi, in order to be present at their manoeuvres.
This is nearly double the number of troops usually
assembled at this annual inspection.

The following proposition was unanimously adopted
by the States of Roeskilde, in Denmark, on the 21st
August :—" The Government is desired to present to
the State, in the course of the next session, a Bill for
suppressing the excise, and for establishing a system
of customs, and a uniform duty on brandy through-
out the country."

The Warsaw papers state that MIRECKI, an
architect of Cracow, has been sentenced to hard
labour in the mines for life, and to the confiscation
of all. his property, for his participation in the late
insurrection.

Madrid journals of the 6th and 7th have been re-
ceived.

The Gazette of the Bth officially announces the
approaching marriage of the INFANTA with the Due
DE MONTXENSIER.
The Heraldo of the 6th has the following article
on the subject of Mr. BULWER'S note :
" According to our information, the English Ambas-
sador's note is not the result of any special and ad hoc
instructions be has received from his Court, it makes
no mention of a protest, and does not exceed the limits
of respect and regard due to an independent and so-
vereign nation when it keeps within the sphere of
its domestic interests. 'We learn that the English
Ambassador's note evinces that friendly feeling which
permits a nation to submit to sundry political considera-
tions on the influence itE proceedings may exercise over
their intercourse. Thus the Ambassador is content to
tell the Spanish Government that the marriage of her
Royal Highness the Infanta with the Duke de Mont-
pensier may modify the amicable relations existing be-
tween the Cabinet of St. James and that of the Tuileries
—relations in which our country has so much interest,
owing to its being allied to those two States, and to
other general political considerations, which all men
who have watched the course of European policy in
last and this century can appreciate. But if her Bri-
tannic Majesty's Minister thinks that such a mar-
riage might occasion a disagreement between the two
Cabinets (which circumstance we should regret,
without, however, considering ourselves bound to
sacrifice our interests in order to avert it), it
would solely be in the event of such marriage taking
place before the Queen's marriage had secured heirs to
the throne. Such are the considerations and notions
that form the substance of the Ambassador's communi-
cation. He makes no allusion to the treaty of Utrecht.
He dues not dispute the Queen's right of approving of the
marriage between the Infanta and the Duke de Mont-
pensier, and adduces no lawful objection to a marriage
which, according to the declarations of certain prints, is
about to set all Europe on fire. The Ambassador, we are
ashamed to say, appreciating better than certain Spaniards
the rights of the country and throne, does not think that
a foreign nation can interfere with our domestic affairs, on
pretence of requiring the execution of laws, the action
of which cannot exceed the limits of our territory. If
the journals we have alluded to had held another lan-
guage, &c. &c Such are the principal ,
features of the note. We shall see that the Ambassa-
dor thinks that the Infanta's marriage may procure to
the Cabinet of the Tuileries an influence at Madrid
which may be detrimental to that of Great Britain.
• • . . . . Let us now notice M. Isturitz' re-
ply. Both a polite and energetic tone prevails in
it, suited to Governments which are conscious of
their duty and rights. If Austria, after the civil
war, had acknowledged the Queen ; if the choice
of our young Princess had fallen on one of those
Archdukes, so illustrious by their birth and qualities,
who have in late times obtained the support of England
as candidates for the Queen's hand, the monarch
and constitutional party could not have rejected them
as pretenders to the lalanta's hand, and yet, Austria
and France have pursued very different lines of conduct
during our civil war. M. Isturitz avails himself of the
opportunity officially to announce to the English Minister
the intended marriage, in replying to his note. He ex-
presses his conviction that the marriage of the Infanta
with the Duke do Montpensier will not bring on be-
tween the Cabinets of the Tuileries and St. James, the
complications, coolness, and discord that appear to be
apprehended; if the contrary happened, he should, more
than anybody, regret so mournful a result, seeing that a
nation cannot help doing what is suited to its interests,
although it may thereby disturb the amity of two
foreign powers. M. Isturitz represents to her Britannic
Majesty's Minister, that the Spanish Government,
having ever abstained from meddling with the marriages
contracted by the Royal Family of England, he has 4

right to expect that England will observe the same
conduct as regards the marriages of be Royal Family a
Spain. '

Mr. BULWER, it appears, has sent in a rejoinder to
the reply of Senor ISTURITZ7 in, 'v‘hich he shows that
the marriage of the INFANTA with the Duc DE MONT-
PENSIER is a question which concerns not only
England, France, and Spain, but the whole of
Europe. On the receipt of this note, on the 7th,
a Cabinet Council was assembled. The Marquis of
MmartoßEs has been appointed President of the
Senate.

MADRID BOLSA, SEPT. 7.—The Three per Cents.
were quoted at 354 cash ; Four per Cents. 21-,3- ; Five
per Cents. 221 cash ; Exchange on London, 368; ditto
Paris, 15 16.

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.
The double marriage question is the subject of
comment in nearly all of them. The Opposition
journals comment in strong terms on the documents
recently published by the Clamor Publieo, showing
' that the French Government had entered into com-
munications with MAROTO just before the Bergara
convention, and had expressed its willingness to bring
about a marriage between the son of DON CARLOS
and the QUEEN, while Lord PALMERSTON refused to
interfere in the matter. In reply to the article in the
Dibats of the day preceding, defending the conduct
of the French Government, the National thus com-
ments on these revelations :
" The Debats says That the present state of things
in Spain is in harmony with our institutions, our policy,
and even the principles of our Government.' And this
is said at the very moment when the independent jour-
nals of Madrid are enumerating all the acts of hostility
which the Spanish revolution has suffered from the
French system. In 1831, when an insurrection had
been excited, the refugees received considerable sums
to commence a war against Ferdinand, and, a few days
afterwards, there was a complete abandonment on the
part of France, and orders of persecution were given
to the authorities of the frontier. After this, during
the civil war, encouragement of every kind was given to
Don Carlos. The Clamor Publico now quotes an
overwhelming document. France had entered into an
engagement with Maroto to promote the marriage of
the Queen of Spain with the son of Don Carlos; and
when the war was at an end, the French Government
commenced its intrigues. It had also undertaken in
the same document to compel Maria Christina to quit
Spain, and then it aided, urged, and paid for the insur-
rection which kept her in the country. The most violent
reaction spread terror and shed blood in Spain, and the
French Government supported it with all its credit.
Thanks to its inspirations all the constitutional guarantees
were effaced, the sword was substituted for discussion,
and proscription fell in turns upon Ministers, generals,
and citizens. At the end of this drama the marriage of
. the Duke de Montpensier is announced, and it is de-
clared that the moment is a happy one, and that it will
efface sad recollections. Such an insolent provocation
would be inexplicable if Spain were held in any con-
sideration. The French Government knows well that
it is about to wound to the heart this already unhappy
nation, and nothing is so base as thus to insult the
oppressed. But is is neither for Spain nor for
France that this has been said. The language has been
addressed to the absolute powers of Europe. England is
desirous of inducing the powers of the North to protest
with her against this union of the house of Orleans
with the heir-presumptive of the Crown of Spain.
This is the blow which is to be warded off.
It is found necessary to say to the monarchs of
Europe that it is desired to curb the spirit of revo-
lution on the other side of the Pyrenees as well as on this,
It was found necessary to show them that a Govern-
ment which had its origin in the barricades is the best
gendarme of this holy alliance. Alliances are made
between the Bourbons, but the sponsor of the affianc-
ing is M. Guizot, and his instrument is Narvaez. This
article of the Debats, so insolent towards Spain, so
maladroit for calming the opposition of that country, is
only a humble prayer to Austria and Russia not to
follow Lord Palmerston in his diplomatic enterprise.
Will it succeed ? That is very doubtful."
The France, the organ of the Legitimatists, is in-
dignant at the attempt made to reunite the members
of the house of BOURBON under the supremacy of
the ORLEANS branch. It thus apostrophises M.
GUIZOT and his collaborateurs :
" It becomes you, truly, to set yourselves up as the
flatterers of the noble race of Bourbons, you revolutionists
who have pursued it with all your hatred, all your
rancour—you shameless courtiers of the strongest
party—you, in fine, who have so long preached the
destruction and dispersion of what you would now
reconstitute in your zeal. The blood of the Bourbons,
say you, the illustrious and ancient race of the Bourbons;
but what have you done with it? to what a condition
have you reduced it? In what corners of the earth
have you confined it, you who now speak to us so auda-
ciously of its reconstitution in its unity. Ask yourselves
where this noble house is before you cast such sar-
casms. Ask this of Germany, of Italy, of exile ? We
shall return to this audacious attempt of the journal of
M. Guizot. What is important now is, to expose it to
the indignation of all conscientious men. This, how-
ever, will not suffice. We must show the public at the
price of what inconsistency the present order of things
endeavours to ascend the current of revolutions, and to
obey the last words of the dying Talleyrand to a high
personage, Soyez toujours Bourbon le plus possible."
The Constitutionnel says, "It is now insinuated
that England may be appeased by a treaty of com-
merce, or by certain modifications in the Spanish
customs tariffs. That is possible. Will it be the only
price paid for the marriage ? We fear not."

The KING and the Duc DE MONTPENSIER, accom-
panied by M. FONTAINE, the architect, visited the
unfinished gallery in the Carousil on Thursday.
"This visit," says the Constitutionnel, "is said to
have a reference to certain building projects con-
nected with the marriage of the Duke with the
Infanta of SPAIN. Fetes at Fontainebleau are spoken
of in honour of her Royal Highness. Works are also
being executed at Malmaison."
The Moniteur publishes a royal ordonnance, dated
Sept. 6, appointing Captain LAVAU, of the navy,
Governor of the French settlements in Oceania, and
King's Commissioner at the Society Islands, in the
room of Admiral BauAT, who has, on his own appli-
cation, been recalled.

The Duc DE NEMOURS is about to leave Paris for
Luneville.

The Due DE MorrrrENsma will leave for Madrid
on the 20th. He will be accompanied by the Duke
DELLA ROCCA.

The last accounts from Algiers represent ABD-El,
ICAnmt as being at the head of a lap force in
MoArloic
iic
so
. , and,,T h
e m threateningosmost threatening to dethrone ADDER-
ti tidings," says the
R
National, "are arriving from Morocco. The inde-
fatigable ABD-EL-KADER, who has not lost a moment
since his return to AEDERRHAMAN'S dominions,
ha 3, it is said, dropped the mask, and is marching
to the conquest of the empire bordering our
colony. Some letters state that he is proceeding in
person against the EMPEROR, in order to dethrone
him. Other letters affirm that the better to succeed
in his projects of usurpation, he has put forward a
Prince of the reigning family—a useful instrument,
which he can easily crush after victory. The town
of Fez is said to be invaded by the Emir's forces, and
all the eastern part of Morocco to be in a formidable
state of agitation. Extremely serious events were
expected at Algiers, and everypreparation was making
to stand the storm."

The National adds, that ABD-EL-KADER has been
supplied from Gibraltar with arms, ammunition, in
short, assistance of every description, including even

money.

The Journal des Debals of Saturday has another
long article on free trade, in which the protective

system is denounced in strong terms. Nearly the
whole of the Paris journals are coming round to free..

trade principles. In fact, the Presse stands alone in
its advocacy of protectionist principles.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on
Saturday at 84f. 25c. ; the Five per Cents., 1191. ;
the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,285 f. ; Rouen, 9701. ;
Havre, 725 f. ; Great Northern, 731 f. 25c. ; Avignon,
9451. ; Vierzon, 637 f. 50c.; Bordeaux, 576 f. 25c. ; Boulogne,
-1901. ; Basle, 227 f. 50c. ; Dieppe, 390 f. ; Paris and Stras-
burg, 505 f. ; Tours and Nantes, 511 f. 25c. ' • Paris and Lyons,
532 f. 50c. ; Lyons and Avignon, 4951. ; Bordeaux and
Cate, 4871. 50c. ; Spanish Three per Cents., 39 ; Spanish
Domestic Debt, 34.
MARSEILLSS, SEPT. 8.-Marseilles and Avignon, 942 f.
50c. ; Northern, 732 f.; Paris and Lyons, 525 f. 50c.
LyoNs, SErr. 10.-Paris and Rouen, 9751.; Avignon
and Marseilles, 946 f. 25c.; Vierzon, 6421. 50c. Northern,
733 f. 75c.; Paris and Lyons, 533 f. 75c.