The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-13 00:00:00

IM
.PE RI AL PARL lAMEN T.

The: -OUSE OF CO MMON S, August 12.
SpEAICEn. took the Chair at Twelve o'clock.
Oo DRAINAGE OF LANDS BILL.
laird tfie motion of Mr. ESTCOURT, this Bill was) read a
time end passed.
LORDS' AMENDMENTS.
to e I..ords' amendments to the following tills were agreed
soei,7t ,s eth and Clyde Navigation and Bowling Bay Improve-
-442 hianchester, Bolton, and Burr Canal Navigation and
Shltl'ava37, and Matichest r and Leeds, Railways Amalgamation ;
2); e? Ise Embankment; West /*tiding Union Railways (No.
AI Wolverhampton Stisr,endiary Justice.
EFFECT OF SHOT' ON STEAM VESSELS.
ts, es WA WN gave iveice that he should to-morrow ask
'questions on this stibject-
sa DUKE 0-e' NORFOLK'S ESTATE.
itSt the
motion of, Mr. ESTCOURT, it was agreed that an
r, ruction be giver, to the Committee of Selection to fix the
)isealTittees on th e Duke of Norfolk's Estate Bill, and on
those Bills ha' ie leave for eport the same day.
t Lord mess. PRIVATE BILLS.
"ale tho--`-'"?
of pr iv ETHate obtained leave to bring in a Bill to regu-
On 0: Bills.
th SMOKE PROHIBITION BILL.
hlz Lord er
arder of the day for this Bill being read,
dORPETH said that if the lion. Member (Mr.
session, `! an) would consent to withdraw his Bill for the present
he s,o . in which there appeared little probability of its passing,
Now Ad assure him, on the part of the Government, that he
lee • Rive his best attention to the subject, with a view to its
ement, early next year.
i.Nlr, MACKINNON felt himself to be in a delicate situation,
pnrolle had this very day received communications from Liver-
, Leeds, and Manchester, urging him to press
th!. Bill forward. Prom a printed statement, it appeared
ini.not less than fio,ooo/. a-year were spent more in soap,
t Jsiverpool alone, than would be necessary if the smoke
stnlisance were abated, and taking the whole of the manufac-
00,1r distries, there were not less ths, 180,0001. a-year
‘O7O .itely lost in this way, so that there, was every inducement
i_otee the matter osa. lie had indeed been already censured
14:_ersesupineness, tri the puhlic prints. Yet he felt by
4 verieg this course, he would be Injuring his
the eaur,. in
he was aware that at this period of
hfo:,„r Thi'eer"..osi it was impossible for any individualk
„ to press any naea,ure against the opposition of the
oeD- sment. All an individual Member could do was to
'ter; a matter continually before the House, until the public
el, 4 alive to the fact that it was to their interest to have it
0. ried into effect, and thus to create that pressure from with-
-I°t which would have a salutary effect within. He had done
b 1 that one individual Member could do, and he trusted
et in thus handing his pet child over to the Noble Lord, that
yrould be exonerated from blame. by those influential papers
,wwoleh had previously accused him. lie trusted that his child
exi
e.eld he properly nursed, and at last carried into a healthy
stence.
sasIZMOTIPET trusted that the Hon. Member would be
14;e"wi'h his assurance.
Wisi,d,,,7ACKINNON intimated his assent, and the Bill was
lait. , 4 Ttt: 4,40-ln 11 INSOLVENT DEBTORS' BILL.
was read a second time, and ordered to be corn-
,orrew.
This TRNIKE ROADS (IR BILL.
FU went ro
thegh C ommittee, and wasELAND) ordered to be
lead a third time on Friday.
LUNATIC ASYLO)MS (IRELAND) BILL.
hra Committee on this Bill was postponed till to-morrow.
WRECK AND SALVAGE BILL.
This Bill was read a third time and passed.
RELIGIOUS OPINIONS BILL.
On the motion for the :douse going into Committee on this
Mr. WALPOLE objected' to the Bill being taken up now, on
the ground that it was so similar to soother Bill previously in-
troduced in the present session by the Hon. Member for Kin-
sale as to place it in that category which precluded its being
adopted tesmrding to Parliamentary usage.
The SPEAKER decided that it was net so similar as to put
lti,r.o that position.
slr. ESCOTT conceived that it would be better to go on
'With the Bill, but believed that the Bill as it came down from
the House of Lords was the best form it could be placed in.
Yet he believed that the amendments which he had to pro-
P°ara were necessary to make it perfect. These discussions
were always painful, and by settling the question now, the
,_,
of another discussion would be altogether saved.
Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that if the Commons were
to send up Bills with a number of amendments, which en-
litelY Altered the nature of the Bill, they could not
l?Pract otherwise but that it would be thrown out.
',rancher
truth we,s, that the Bill introduced by the Hon.
',rancher for Ic.insale was only lost by a majority of four on the
1411,°„,tiebnf„or going into Committee, in a House of 200 Members.
o-„",',lss as it came from the Lords had been very maturely
ttlia-7,e'.ed, and he certainly should oppose any amendments
• laight be made in it.
Mr. HENLEY thanked the Noble Lord for his straight-
rtward dealing in the matter, and said that the Hon. Member
roc Winchester proposed the curious anomaly of saving the pain
e' haying one more discussion next year, in order that he
toight have the pairs of two discussions this.
Mr. ESTCOURT said that as he had been the means of
-4"ing the rejection of the previous Bill, he had been asked
Zhat couree he intended to pursue on this occasion. Te this
replied, that, seeing the state of the case, he was prepared to
wow the Bill to pass as it was; he should oppose any amend-
la ,
e an kind come from what side of the House it might.
*
lis„ * ',HAW should also oppose the amendments of the
Member for Winchester.
ssis,The Earl of ARUNDEL and SURREY approved of the
•ice4,dreents, and if his Hon. Friend divided the House he
°,,,tit_td feel it his duty to divide with him.
o°o House then went into Committee, and the first and
d clauses were passed.
ivio the third clause being put,
Lf.t s' SCIDI'T proposed the introduction of the words in part
iln;seetisequent thereon," which. would have th_e effect of
to cli:4l penalties, which the Bill in its present
with the
3.IT:U.SSELL said that his object was to carry this
*" in the form in which it had come down from the House
14f Lords. It had been prepared by Lords Lyndhurst, Campbell,
and Brougham, and the whole, of the matter had been fully and
"19 Considered. They did not propose to make that
only to
which was previously. illegal by commonlaw,
wnow allowed
L u
abrogate she penalties imposed for that which
to be no fault. His d..isire was to carry the Bill as it came
from the Lords,.
The SOLICITOR GENERAL contended that the clause
as it now stood was perfectly correct, and better without the
proposed words than with them. The Bill took away the
severe penalties, but left any breach of the common law just as
it stood before.
Mr. ESCOTT believed that the Noble Lord was of his own
opinion, and he thought that opinion ought not to be made is
succumb to the How- of Lords.
Lord JOHN RUSSELL explained that he objected to the
discussion being taken on the point at that late period of the
session, when but a small number of Members interested in the
subject were present.
After some conversation the House divided, when there
aPPeared.—
For the Amendment. lO
Against it

Majority against the Amendment .... 43
Mr. R. YORKE appealed to the Hon. Member (Mr.
Escott), after the decision of the House, the lateness of the
session, and the small number of Members present, to with-
draw the remaining amendments.
Mr. ESCOTT had great respect for the 'opinions of the
lion. Member; and although he was dissatisfied with the de-
cision of the Committee, and considered that the House
of Commons would also be dissatisfied, he should
not press the other amendments to a division. At the same
time, he wished to state that he should not relax his opposition
to the Bill in its future stages.
- - - _

The amendments were then withdrawn, and the Clause was
agreed to.
Mr. SPOONER objected to the next clause on the ground
that it would violate the oath of supremacy and the oath taken
by Members of that House, \void' set forth that no foreign
Pontiff should be allowed to interfere in any way with the
religious opinions of the subjects of this realm, whereas the
Pope would have the nower of issuing bulls affecting the
opinions of the people of this country by this Bill. He pressed
the Noble Lord to postpone the clause until next session, in
order that it might be more fully discussed. He moved the
omission of the objectionable words, and expressed his
intention of dividing the House on the subject if the explana-
tion, of the Government was not satisfactory.
Lord JOHN RUSSELL defended the clause, and held that
as it was framed, the Pope would not have the rower of inter-
fering with the religious opinions of the people of this
!ountry, or any portion of them professing religion,
In the way pointed out by the Hon. Gentleman.
According to his understanding of the oath, he did not think
there was anything in the oath which was inconsistent with the
fact, as it is or would be aft .r the passing of this Act. If the
introduction of any bull were unlawful at present, it would
be unlawful hereafter; and if there were any bull
which it would be lawful to introduce now, it would be
lawful hereafter. What be understood by the oath was, that
there was no jurisdiction to be exercised in this country by the
Pope which could be enforced by any of the courts of law, o
recognised by the Chief Justice of the Court of Queen'
Bench. There was a bull of the Pope a shor
time since which forbid the Roman Catholic Bishoeps
to interfere in any political question, as
thir
concern was entirely with spiritual affairs. His Hon. Friend
represented to him that the rescript said that they should
not too much concern themselves in any political transac-
tions.—(Laughter.) Would his Honourable Friend think
that the Roman Catholic bishop was criminal for attending to
that rule, and wit'drawing from Conciliation Hall, or ceasing
to interfere with the repeal agitation He did not see in the
At then before the House anything at all to affect the oath
of supremacy as it then existed.
Mr. ESTCOURT made some observations which did not
reach the gallery.
Mr. SHAW said that it was quite clear, as the Noble Lord
bad said, that in all respects, except as to the penalties and
Punishments, the law should remain the same as it was then.
Ile thought that these punishments were unnecessarily severe,
and ought to be withdrawn.
Mr. WALPOLE thought that it would be unjust to retain
those penalties referred to by the Noble Lord, and he hoped
that the Hon. Member would not press the House to a division
on the clause.
Mr. SPOON ER said that it was a dangerous principle to
Put a construction upon the oath of supremacy which was
different from the terms of that eath. The omission of the
Words in the oath showed that such a construction was never
intended to be put upon it. He, for one, would not consent to
allow any jurisdiction, spiritual or temporal, by any foreign
Power, over any subject w ithin these realms.
Mr. SHBIL said that the words of the Right Hon. Baronet,
the Secretary for the Home Department, " bishops and
archbishops," recognised the persons bearing that title as
Persons having spiritual authority. The word " ministers"
Was formerly used.
Mr. B. ESCOTT said that the passing of this Act was
opening the way for sweeping away all this rubbish, and the
time would come when they would cease to punish men for
their religious opinions.
The remainder of the classes were agreed to without dis-
cussion. The Bill was then reported to the House, and or-
dered to be engrossed, and read a third time to-morrow.
GAUGE OF RAILWAYS BILL.
On the motion for the third reading of this Bill.
Mr. MUNTZ rose to add a clause to the Bill. It was
in order to give the people of Birmingham that accom-
ixtodation on both gauges to London to which they were
entitled. According to the provisions of the present
the
inhabitants of Birmingham, would be in a much
worse_ position than the people of Wolverhampton,
who would have lines on both gauges to London,
whereas Birminham would be restricted to the narrow gauge.
The clause he proposed was in effect to make it imperative
that the Birmingham and Oxford line from Birmingham to the
point at which it joined with the Oxford, Worcester, and Wol-
verhampton Railway, should be laid down on the broad as well
as the narrow gauge. In justice to the people of Birmingham,
he felt bound to submit this clause.
The clause having been brought up, and read from the chair,
• Mr. MILNER GIBSON rose to oppose the adoption of
clause. In doing so he went into the circumstances that
le 460 atnidlgtin of Mita% jt re Misgt4 vs

-
the report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into j
the gauge question, and a Committee which had sat on the '
question confirmed the reeomnsendations of that report. 'The
Bill had passed through the House of Lords, from whence it
had come down to the pre,ent House. He complained of the
Hon. Member for Birmingham proposing his clause
at this late stage of the Bill, when he had had
many opportunaies before of submitting his amend-
ment, and when he might have brought the special
case involved in his clause under the consideration of the Com.
mittee that sat on the question of the gauges. Had the case
been submitted to the Committee, and they considered it
founded in fairness, they would, no doubt, have specially re-
ported in its favour. Under the circumstances he must give
his oppositic n to the clause.
Mr. SPOONER supported the clause, as absolutely neces-
sary for the great trading interests of Birmingham. He had
heard no reason whatever against the (douse, but the complaint
that his Hon. Colleague had introduced it too late. If
the clause was a just one, he thought such an objection should
not for a moment be entertained against it.
Mr. P. M. STEWART begged to inform the Hon. Member
for Birmingham that the suggestion for making the broad
gauge from Birmingham to Oxford was submitted to the Com-
mittee referred to, but after a full consideration of the
point, and referring to the report of the Commissioners,
the suggestion was laid aside. But he opposed the
clause on national grounds, as he would not be a party
to support an extension of a gauge whioh he had no
doubt would ultimately be given up by the whole country.
The break of gauge was a great inconvenience, and any exten-
sion of the broad gauge would, in his opinion, increase that evil.
Some equitable mode should be discovered for making a
uniform gauge throughout the country. This resolution
would militate against the recommendation of the Com-
missioners appointed by the House. If he were a
shareholder in the Birmingham and Oxford Company,
he would object to the broad gauge principle.
The Bill would go beyond the resolutions of the House; and
then came the proposition of the Hon. Member for Birming-
ham to sanction for the length of thirty miles what was
looked upon as a great evil—vis., a diversity of gauge.
Uniformity must eventually be established throughout
the country. if the alteration contemplated in the gauge near
Birmingham was ever to be made it had better be deferred
until the country had resolved upon an uniformity of gauge
from John e' Groat's House to the land's end.—( Hear, hear. )
Mr. HAY TER said the Right Hon. Gentleman ithe Vice •
President of the Board of Trade laboured under a mistake
when he said, in opposition to this clause, first, that it
would sanction a complete violation of the principles by which
the Commissioners came to their resolution ; and, secondly,
that, in point of form, this resolution ought to have been pro-
posed when they were in Committee on the Bill ?—( Hear,
hear.) The resolutions of the House did not militate against
the clause proposed—in fact, they made an exception
with respect to that part of the country to e'bich the resolution
of the Hon. Member for Birmingham referred.—(Hear, hear.)
The Bill proposed to interfere with two parts of the kingdom—
the Birmingham district and a Welsh county—on which the
Gauge Commissioners had not reported. The clause now pro-
posed was only simil,r to that which was inserted in the Ox-
ford and Birmingham Railway Bill, and he thought that the
House ought to allow it to be inserted in this Bill.--(Hear.)
.Mr. WILLIAMS supported the clause. The advantages to
the public of having a continuity of gauge from Birrninufhabm.
to Rugby were incalculable, and those advantag wo.nd t e
obtained by the insertion of the proposed clause i t h _
eblieprwopoousledd sa e
continuityan
gauge,nse am oauend
iito
money Tbhy, the
thought that the Right Honourable Gentleman the Vice-
President of the Board of Trade, had utterly failed in
showing that the clause ought not to be agreed to. The
public were fairly entitled to the clause, which would tend in
a great measure to put an end to the monopoly which at pre-
sent existed on the railways in the district in question.—
( Hear, hear.) The manufacturers of the northern districts
suffered much from the inability of those railways to accom-
modate them in the carrying of their merchandise.
Mr. MARK PHILIPS briefly opposed the clause. He
thought that this proposition had come upon the House
by surprise. At so late a period of the session, it had
been supposed that the Bill would not have been at-
tempted to be altered. He certainly could not agree to the
introduction of the clause, which would net, in his opinion,
confer the advantages anticipated by Hon. Members.
Mr. BERNAL thought that the public were entitled to the
insertion of this clause.
Sir GEORGE GREY said that the question was fully
discussed when tha resolutions were before the House, and the
President of the Board of Trade of the late Government
brought in a Bill founded on these resolutions, which Bill was
the one now under discussion. During the debate on these
resolutions no mention was made of the present pro-
posal ; and he thought it extremely inconvenient
to re-open the question now de none. Without
entering into the merits of the question, he thought that the
safe course would be to adhere to the Bill, and to remit the
clause, as being contrary to precedent and the ordinary usages
of the House with regard to Bills at that stage.
Mr. HENLEY supported the clause, inasmuch as it was
within the spirit of the exceptions allowed by the resolutions.
Captain MANGLES opposed the clause. The merits of
the question had been already fully discussed, and the pro-
moters of the broad gauge had the sole opportunity of being
heard before the Board of Trade, without making the present
proposal. Under these circumstances, he did not think the
House of Commons was a fit tribunal to reverse the decision of
the authorities, who supported the course determined upon by
the Board of Trade and sanctioned by themselves, in passing
the resolutions on which the present Bill was founded.
Mr. MUNTZ replied, and said it would be a great injustice
if they rejected the clause on the technical ground of its not
being printed.
The House then divided, when the numbers were—
For the clause
Against it
Majority against the clause —3l
The Bill was then read a third time and passed.
EJECTMENTS (IRELAND) BILL.
The House went into Committee on this Bill, and the se-
veral clauses were read and agreed to.
The House resumed, and the report was ordered to be
brought up to-morrow.
RATEABLE PROPERTY (IRELAND) BILL.
On the motion for going into Committee on this Bill,
Mr. SHARMAN CRAWFORD moved, " That it is the
opinion of this House. that any new law for the valuation of
rateable property in Ireland, should be made in conformity
with the recommendations contained in the report of the Select
Committee on the TownlandValua, ion of Ireland (July 18,1844),
viz., that there ought to be only one valuation for all purposes
of local taxation, framed on the net annual value to let,
determined on the principles laid down in the Poor Relief Act."
He said that it was new required to put taxation on real value,
and not proportionate value ; and if they adopted that course
they would have no necessity to resort to this cumbrous ma-
chinery. Was it not preposterous that after the real value
had been decided by the assistant, the petitioner might find
his property by some plan or other cause taxed according to
the proportionate value? He thought the valuation for poor-
rate should be made at the expense of the public. An endless
number of valuations would result without any benefit,
but, on the contrary, causing a greater confusion in
what was already too confused. He thought it
was unreasonable, when so many of the Irish Members were
absent, to pass a measure of such importance as the present.
He admitted that the rating of property in Ireland was most
important, and he trusted that it would form one of the
beneficial measures it was proposed to introduce ;
but he thought, from the considerations he had stated,
it would be better to postpone it for the present.
Mr. LABOUCHERE said he could assure the Hon. Gen-
tleman who had just sat down that there was no individual to
whose suggestions on the social condition of Ireland he would
be more resdy to attend, but in the present case he could net
advise the Government to postpone this measure. He agreed
with the Hon. Gentleman as to the importance of this measure;
but its postponement would lead to the postponement of other
desirable measures for Ireland. At the same time, concur-
rently with this measure, there would be a valuation on the
principle suggested by the Hon. Gentleman.
The motion was then withdrawn, and the House went into
Committee on the Bill.
The House immediately afterwards resumed.
MESSAGE FROM THE LORDS.
Messengers from the House of Lords brought up several
Bills and rep sets.
The House again resolved itself into Committee on the
Rateable Property (Ireland) Bill.
Having disposed of forty clauses (there being eighty-seven
in the Bill), the House resumed, the Chairman reported pro-
gress, and obtained leave to sit again on Friday.
MARRIAGES (IRELAND) BILL.
On the motion of Mr. PIGO l'T (who stated that he would
propose some amendments in Committee), this Bill was read a
second time, and ordered to be committed on Friday.
HOUSE OF COMMONS OFFICES BILL.
This Bill was reported, and ordered to be recommitted to-
morrow.
NAVAL AND MILITARY DEPARTMENTS BILL.
This Bill was postponed till to-morrow.
PUBLIC WORKS AND FISHERIES.
This Bill then went through Committee, and the report
was ordered to be brought up to-morrow.
COMMONS INCLOSURE (No. 3) BILL.
The Bill was then read a third time and passed.
WRECK AND SALVAGE BILL.
Mr. MILNER GIBSON having moved the third reading
of this Bill,
Captain PECHELL hoped that it would not be allowed to
pass. If it passed, the Admiralty Court, in which there was
an amount of robbery yearly' committed, which it was not
convenient at this period of the session to detail, would
be still further enriched by the spoils which this Bill would
produce for those who practised in that Court. He knew of a
case, lately decided in the Admiralty Court, in which the
amount awarded was but MK , and the law expenses
33ii/. It would be ruinous to the shipowners
of this country. The law of wreck and salvage
certainly did require the most extensive improvement, but he
did not expect that such a monstrous remedy as this Bill would
have been proposed. He hoped that his Right Hon. Friend,
the President of the Board of Tradelwouldrelinquish this measure
of the defunct Ministry. He (Captain Paella') had, for the
last ten years, done his utmost endeavours to purify the Admi-
ralty Court ; and if this Bill were passed, be should never rest
satisfied until it was repealed.
Mr. GEORGE Pto LMER also opposed the Bill, which, in
his opinion, involved the greatest difficulties.
Mr. MILNER GIBSON hoped the Hon. Member would
allow the Bill to be read a third time, and the amendments
might be considered on a future occasion.
The Bill was then read a third time, and further proceedings
on the Bill were postponed till to-morrow.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS BILL.
This Bill was read a second time.
Captain PECHELL moved for copies of all the correspon-
dence which has taken place between the Committee of Council
of Education and the York and Ripon Central Diocesan So-
ciety for the Education of the Poor.—Agreed to.
Captain PECHELL moved for a return from the several
Tice-Admiralty Courts ( according to the schedule annexed to
the Act 5 and 6 Vic. c. 91) of all cases which had been ad-
judged in the said Courts respectively from the 10th August,
1842, to the latest period at which the same can be made
Agreed to.

men

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT.
Mr. HUME moved for certain orders respecting the cor-
poral punishment of Europeans and natives in British India, and
also a return of the number of priswters who suffered corporal
punishment in the different mil►tary prisons in England,
Ireland, and Scotland.—Agreed to.
The other orders of the day were then disposed of, and the
House adjourned at six o'clock.

A ROGUE.—A man, named Joseph Pye, a flagger
and Mater, who assisted the Preston Temperance Excursion
ConuniLt ,e to get up the cheap trip to Liverpool on Thurs-
day week, was deputed on Monday last to call upon the
parties who had sold tickets, to collect the money, in order
that it might be paid over to the Railway Company. He
succeeded in collecting about 1801., with which he decamped,
and although two persons were immediately. dispatched in
pursuit, he has not yet been discovered. He was traced as
far as Birmingham, and from circumstances which have
transpired it is thought that he has crossed over to France.--
Liverpool Courier.
ICE FROM GREENLAND.—An importation of ice has
just taken place from Greenland, by a ship named the Edger
cumbe, having on board 110 tons weight of this singular ar-
WA 44;0;44140x

MARYLEBONE ASSOCIATION.

PAROCHIAL CONIMITTEE.

The fifteenth anniversary of this association, which
was formed for obtaining equal parochial rights for the
inhabitants of this extensive parish, was celebrated yes-
terday by a dinner, in the Marylebone Theatre, at
which John Williams, Esq., Oxford-street, presided ;
G. Daniel, Esq., being vice chairman. Henry Charles
W:lson acting as honorary secretary on the occasion.
The business of the day was conducted by a number
of gentlemen, who fulfilled their stewardship admirably.
Through the liberality of Mr. Loveridge, the proprietor
of the theatre, a gentleman who, by the exercise of
ability and honourable condact, has been enabled to
build this theatre, and assume his present position in
society, the use of the structure, and the gas-light was
given gratis. Another gentleman gratuitously boarded
the pit over, so as to render the place eligible for the pur-
pose. Many other instances of a similar spirit might be
noticed. The best use was made of the space, and this
agreeable little theatre presented a scene of friendly con-
viviality unusually pleasing, even on such occasions.
Indeed, the arrangements were excellent. The dinner,
provided by Mr. Sarson, of the Windsor Castle, was
liberal, and put on the table in his usual style. The
vocal corps comprised Mr. Ransford, Mr. Collyer, and
Mr. Sporle, who, with the assistance of a brass band,
greatly enlivened the proceedings of the day. The at•
tendance was very numerous and highly respectable; and
the meeting was graced by ladies, who filled the boxes.
Among the company present were Sir C. Napier, M P.,
J. Williams, Esq., M.P., and , with the
bulk of the most respectable inhabitants of the district.
The cloth having been withdrawn,
Non Nolis was sung admirably by the vocalists.
After this,
The CHAIRMAN said that he had a toast to propose,
which he was quite sure would be acceptable to the men
of Marylebone. That toast was " The Queen."—( Ap-
phase.) Raves a curious and singular coincidence that
this country had always flourished when a Queen was
the Sovereign, and it was the peculiar merit of our pre-
sent Queen, that she was the first who had governed
simply with a view to the benefit of the people, and not
with a view to class interests. This was the case now,
and he trusted the men of Marylebone would do their ac-
customed justice to themselves.
Glee—" God save the Queen."
The next toast which the CHAIRMAN had to propose,
and it was one which he was quite sure would meet with
a ready response, was " The health of the Prince of
Wales, the Prince Albert, the Duchess of Kent, and the
rest of the Royal Family resident in England." He
trusted every gentleman would charge their glasses with
bumpers, as he felt assured every heart would respond
to the toast, for he felt equally sure that the Queen
would pay as much attention to the education of the
Prince of Wales, as the Queen had done to her own.
Glee--" God save the Prince and the Queen."
The next toast was "The Parochial Committee of
Marylebone." For fifteen years, through good report
and evil report, the Parochial Committee had
been zealously engaged in obtaining the prin-
ciple of self government. During the whole of
that time, since the Poor-law Commissioners had
been appointed, the members of this Parochial
Committee had been opposed to the principle of cen-
trelisation. He had always been opposed to this prin-
ciple, and had been annoyed by the way in which the
magistrates of England had suffered themselves to be
insulted by the three Commissioners of Somerset House.
Every parish in London succumbed to this despotic
Government but the men of Marylebone ; but the
wealth, the energy, and the nearness of the parish to
the seat of the Government, had enabled the Parochial
Committee to oppose with success the endeavours of
those despotic monarchs, end had thus brought back the
good old Saxon rule of parochial self government. The
parish had hurled back into the teeth of those potentates
the assumption of power which they had, without any
sufficient authority, taken up. This parish—and not
only this parish, but the whole country—were indebted
to his Hon. Friend Sir Charles Napier for havingbrought
this subject. forward, and for having forced upon the
House of Commons the consideration of this subject ; and
he trusted that ere long he should have the advantage and
the enjoyment of celebrating the utter downfall of those
potentates. Ills friend, Mr. George Daniel, who did
him the honour this day to face him, would respond to
the toast, and while calling upon the assembly to listen
with attention to what fell from his friend, he would
assert that a more energetic, able, and persevering man
he had never met with in the parish of Marylebone.
Mr. DANIEL felt that in the respondence to this
toast a great task had been committed to him, but still
he felt that it was a task which ought to be agreeable
to any man ; and in doing so he would only glance
at what had occurred of late years in the business of
the parish, and he would only allude to the
principles which had been carried out by their com-
mittee, and the first of these was, that of self-govern-
This had been exemplified in the present contest
in a remarkable manner. Mr. Daniel proceeded
through the several points of the discussion, and con-
cluded an able and eloquent speech, by stating that the
objects of this association , was the highteat of all—
Glory to God, and good principle towards men.
Song—" The Vestrymen of Marylebone."
Mr. JOSEPH proposed the next toast, and after
stating that after having had fourteen or fifteen years'
experience, he would say, no man who was a
member of the vestry was otherwise than a poor
man's friend. (Mr. Joseph here read a letter of apology
from Sir B. Hall, which apologised for his absence on
the plea of a pleasure excursion to Scotland, which
would prevent his attendance.) He did not think this
apology satisfactory—(Applause)—and when the asser-
tion was made he would exempt the Member who was
present (Sir C. Napier), who, whenever he was re-
moved from his present or his future position—whether
that position vacated his seat or not—would carry with
him the good-will of the electors of Marylebone. Mr.
Joseph concluded an able speech by proposing the
"Health of the Members for the borough."
Sir CHARLES NAPIER returned thanks, in the course
of which proceeding he stated his satisfaction at having
attended every meeting within the last two years
whereat the feelings of the constituency were expressed.
After speaking of Sir Robert Peel as going by a cir-
cuitous course in forwarding the objects of the people,
he said that the present Ministry had had a severe lesson
some time ago, and it must be allowed that all the
secondaries had been largely incorporated, and he
was perfectly satisfied, that if the same course was
pursued, it would lead to large and beneficial measures.
He must say that the constituency of Marylebone was
the most easy with which he had ever had to deal, for
his door was open from nine in the morning till three or
four o'clock in the evening, and it was only three or four
times a week that he was applied to, either on public or
private objects. With respect to the lunatic asylum, he
must say, after a patient inquiry, that the pauper had
every relief which was necessary, and that if the
parishioners would wait till next session, they would
obtain every enfranchisement which they desired from
the thraldom of the Poor-law Commissioners.
Glee—" Should mirth our moments crown."
Mr. SAVAGE proposed the health of Mr. Protheroe,
M.P. for Halifax, a friend who had come forward in the
hour of need, and a friend in need is a friend indeed.
Mr. PROTHEROE said that in returning thanks, which
he most cordially did, he must disclaim the honour of
having come forward in the first instance without
solicitation. In the first instance he had been returned
for Bristol on the principle that Dissenters were not to
pay any part of the expenses of the members of
the Established Church, and it was on that principle
that he had accepted this invitation. An Hon. Friend
of his had alluded to the House of Commons, and in
doing so he might say that it was his rule to begin at
the beginning of the session, and go on to the end of it.
Mr. POTTER proposed the next toast, for the pre-
vention of centralisation, and stated that in the pro-
position of this toast he saw individuals from every
parish of the metroplis. He was inclined to repudiate
the Bill that was called the Metropolitans' Bill, but he
was decided to put the saddle on the right horse, and
call it Protheroe's Bill, and it was to that man above all
in the House of Commons that the debt of gratitude
was owing. He rejoiced, at any rate, at the presence of
one of the members of the borough, but there was one
man whose progress through Parliament he bad watched,
and he was bound to say that there was one who bad
always been the advocate of the many, and not of the
few, and that man was Mr. Williams, the member for
Coventry.
The toast was drunk with great applause.
Mr. WILLIAMS returned thanks, and in doing so said
that nothing could be more gratifying to the feelings of
a public man than the approbation of his neighbours.
lie had felt nothing more than the honour of being
elected to a membership of the select vestry, and he re-
gretted that he had not had so many opportunities for
attending on this vestry so often as he had desired, but
he had other and important duties in another place. It
had been his lot to be mixed up with the parishes which
had a corrupt system to rely upon. The parish of
Marylebone was conducted at one-third of the
expense which was outlayed in the City of London.
A great public writer with whom he was acquainted, had
said that the great salvator of the country was to be
found in the principle of self-government, and if any
egorneavtulcsailoanm, itthyatshthoeulgd arearitsesa,
fesguuchardasorththaet
coofuantnryatimonuastl
be found in this principle ; and whenever his services
could avail he should be happy to place them at the dis-
posal of this constituency.
Glee—" When shall we three meet again."
Mr. WILSON, Honorary Secretary, proposed with
great effect the health of Mr. Loveridge, the proprietor
of the theatre, and in doing so would particularly
remark the attendance of the younger men of the com-
munity, commonly called " Young England," and who
were to be trustees of the great principles in which they
were themselves engaged. He would take this oppor-
tunity of acknowledging the presence of the visitors,
who were inhabitants of the neighbouring parishes,
and he would associate with them those who had been
inhabitants, but who were now members of other
parishes, and he never recollected an instance in which
they required assistance from the adjacent parishes in
which he had ever been ready to render it. He would,
therefore, couple the name of Mr. liovendon with the
toast which he had to propose.
Mr. HOVENDON returned thanks with much feeling.
Several local toasts were afterwards proposed, and
the meeting separated to prepare for the ball.

THE MURDER AT AINTREE RACES.—Robert Farmes
has been fully committed for trial at the approaching assizes,
on the charge of having caused the death of Elizabeth
Batescn, by strangulation, on the last night of Aintree
races. The allitional evidence taken yesterday threw very
little light on this mystecious and melancholy affair.-4iieer.
pool Times.
EXTENSIVE ROBBERY.—Yesterday afternoon, about
two o'clock, Mrs. La Font:leg, of Wimpole street, Caven-
dish-square, had a reticule cut from her arm, between
Temple-bar and St. Clement's-churchyard, containing 3071.,
that she had just received iu Fleet-street, for the rents of
houses.

LITERATURE,

CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS. By
Thomas Babington Macaulay. 3 Vols. Fourth Edition.
A criticism upon essays which are in themselves criti-
cisms, appears, and with some reason, to be one of the
anomalies of literature. Every one must perceive this
upon reading any of the innumerable commentaries
which have been written upon the labours of Dacier,
and Johnson, and Gifford, and the rest of that honour-
able fraternity. Our remarks, therefore, upon these
twenty-three essays, first published in the Edinburgh
Review, must necessarily possess that characteristic;
they must necessarily be anomalous. We will acknow-
ledge, moreover, that the many excellencies contained
in these volumes, the luxuriance, and yet the polish, of
the composition ; the subtlety, and yet the transparency,
of the analysis ; the splendour, and yet the propriety,
of the diction ; the simplicity, and yet the enthusiasm,
of the eloquence ; all of which qualities are now generally
recognised, and generally admired, render any recommen-
dation of them altogether superfluous. The principalpur-
pose, therefore, in the present notice is one of comment
rather than of anatomy. We would avail ourselves of
the opportunity presented, by a new edition of these
productions, to particularise the various peculiarities of
Mr. Macaulay's style—peculiarities which sometimes
adorn the purges with a novel and beautiful lustre, but
which might occasionally fascinate any inexperienced
pursuer in a wrong direction. The compositions of Mr.
Macaulay are unlike the compositions of any other
writer ; they are as dissimilar to Gibbon's compo-
sitions as Gibbon's are to Johnson's, or Johnson's
to Addison's. The construction of the sentences
although always in accordance with the rubrics of
grammar, is occasionally new even to eccentricity.
The language is invariably selected with the most fas-
tidious taste ; the foreign words which have been im-
perceptibly engrafted upon our native tongue are rejected ;
the words of a purely Saxon origin abound in every
paragraph, conveying the ideas vigorous and musically.
We know no writer who so entirely gains the
mestery over the prejudices of his reader as Mr. Jfaeau-
lay. His manner is singularly disputatious; but, as he
himself says of the late Lord Holland, is is " cour-
teously and pleasingly disputatious." His themes ap-
pear to have been usually selected for the purpose of
rectifying some prodigious mis-statement, of disabusing
the public mind of some egregious misconception, of
placing important events or extraordinary charac-
ters in their true light, whenever they have
been misrepresented, either by unnecessary aspersions
or undeserved panegyrics. For example—the review
of Mr. Robert Montgomery's poems was a wholesome
castigation of all poetasters, and it was, we believe, the
first manly criticism that revealed the fact to certain
credulous old gentlemen and elderly ladies, that the man
whose books they were encouraging edition after
edition, whose busts were on their mantlepieces,
and whose portraits were in their picture frames,
was, after all, little else than a literary charlatan ;
that his sublimity was rant, his tenderness puerility, his
grandeur fustian, his rhymes doggrel. Again, the
article on Machiavelli was a noble and successful effort
to redeem a very eminent man from an obloquy which
was not only undeserved but which had been sanctioned
by the acquiescence of entire empires and successive
generations. Mr. Macaulay, in this admirable piper,
reasoned that the principles inculcated by the great Tus-
can statesman in his so mewhat notorious " Prince" were
merely such as were in vogue among the politicians
of his age—that they were principles in which his con-
temporaries recognised no depravity—that they were
published without malice prepense—that the author of
" The Prince" was at heart a patriot, and inclined to
promote good government, and that whatever atrocity
is discoverable in those principles should in justice
be charged to the generation of which Ma-
chiavelli was an unit, and not to Machiavelli
individually, merely because he happened to expound
those principles with more perspicuity and brilliancy
than any other of his countrymen. In the audacity of
this endeavour to correct a blunder which had been con-
firmed by the accordance of millions, and by the lapse
of centuries there was something chivalrous; and in the
complete triumph of that endeavour there was some-
thing solemn and affecting. Mr. Macaulay did,
with less labour, but with equal success, for Machia-
nelli what Mr. Carlyle has subsequently done
for Cromwell. Both men have been reviled with
the intensest acrimony ; one as the most callous and in-
tnllerant of hypocrites, the other as the most vicious
and shameless of villains. Oliver Cromwell, before Mr.
Carlyle undertook his vindication, had been scorned as
the very impersonation of religious cant ; the digging
up of his dead body, and the hanging of it up in chains
upon a gibbet at Tyburn was regarded by the multitude as
an ignominy not wholly unmerited ; the figure of the
Protector shedding tears in his paroxysms of devotion,
and alternately thumbing the Bible and fingering his
matchlock, was regarded as the most contemptible spe-
cimen of the most heartless hypocrisy. Machiavelli, on
the other hand, had been abhorred as the advocate
of a diabolical system of despotism ; his memory
was execrated as infamous ; his writings were
condemned as demoralising, both by civil and
ecclesiastical tribunals; the blackest crimes since perpe-
trated by tyrants have been attributed to the influence
of his accursed doctrines, and in our own country his
name has actually become incorporated with the language
as a synonyme for villainy and depravity. Mr. Carlyle
has, by a quaint earnestness and a felicity of
candour, revealed to us the true Cromwell.
Mr. Macaulay has, by a most lucid and a
most graceful exposition of an epoch is Italian
history, revealed to us the true Machiavelli. That fog
of prejudice which had intercepted the popular view of
those men, and which had distorted them into the most
monstrous deformity, was dispelled. The distance of
centuries became suddenly nullified by the clearness of
the medium of vision, and we beheld the veritable
forms of those veritable men, with all their real
imperfections and all their real merits. Miss Balcombe,
in her " Recollections of Napoleon," tells us, if our
memory be not marvellously deceived, that when quite
a child, at " The Briars," in St. Helena, she shuddered
at the terrible news that Bonaparte was approaching the
house. Her imagination was filled with the phantom of
a hideous ogre, with flaming eyes, and bristling hair, and
hands armed with talons, and jaws ever ready to devour a
fresh victim of his demonised and bloodthirsty nature.
Nor was this creature of her fancy annihilated until she
saw a horseman, surrounded by a brilliant staff of
officers, galloping over her father's lawn—until she saw
a small, but symmetrical form—until she looked into his
benign and beautiful countenance, listened to the gentle
intonations of his voice, and was told that this was
Napoleon. The ogre of Miss Balcombe's imagination
was not more unreal or extravagant than the ogres of
Cromwell and Machiavelli, such as the populace had
pictured to themselves before Mr. Macaulay and Mr.
Carlyle had boldly advanced and impeached the judg-
ment of millions of their predecessors : nor were the
people less amazed on first beholding the real Machia-
velli and the real Cromwell than was Miss Balcombe on
first beholding the real Napoleon. We have been
lured into this digression from the importance
which we are inclined to attach to this particular
essay; because, moreover, we would direct the attention
of those to it who may by possibility have hitherto re-
mained ignorant of its character; and especially because
we conceive, that in that single article are com-
prised all the. most remarkable and beautiful pecu-
liarities of its eminent author. His impassioned
and melodious expostulations ; his elucidations
by skilful antitheses; his logical enumeration of
facts and arguments ; his exquisite and sometimes
fantastic metaphors ; his striking alternations of abrupt-
ness and fluency ; his earnestness, his zeal for truth, his
love of brilliant and startling thoughts ; the silver melody
and exceeding purity of his diction. If Mr.
Macaulay possesses one faculty in writing
more remarkable than another it is the faculty of
illustration. His mind teems with an astonishing
profusion of images for the symbolising of any idea.
Classical literature, history, the productions or phases
of nature, poetry, the fine arts, fiction, manufactures,
everything by turn supplies him with a similitude, dis-
playing at once the ingenuity of his fancy, the facile
obedience of his memory, the abundance and the range
of his erudition. By one of these adroit metaphors
he will, moreover, convey a juster notion of
his meaning to the reader than another man
would do in a dozen elaborate paragraphs of explana-
tion; they often throw a glare of light upon a matter
that an instant before was enveloped in darkness; what
was previously, indistinct to the extremest limits of
obscurity, under their influence, becomes suddenly
comprehensible to the most mediocre understand-
ing. Sometimes, indeed, his illustrations in this
manner are so unexpected, and there is such a
vivid analogy between the two things compared as lite-
rally amounts to wit, and wit of the most sterling and
rwebile,ieeLgtir:a.,htceeleidang,iipguttle.ihinsr3ege2at9pdo.soehtv.viecaei.
lustrous description. Thus, in the paper already parti-
cularised, he comp
the double character com-
of shot silk, the combination of
bined in the intellect of Machiavelli to "the va-
riegated texture a glancing and
appearance." The comparison also drawn
schools of Pope and Milton, and
might,
.thdeed, enumerate multi-
the pictures of Paradise, as represented in an old wood-
cutthat there is scarcely a single
and a masterpiece of painting, is inimitable.—Vide.
Vtuodle.slo9f these similes, were it not utterly a matter of
not decorated by them, scarcely a
single subject that cloys not evoke them, scarcely
a single train of ideas in the three volumes that does
spuapgeorertougaatt.ioisra seeing
not derive from them much adventitious brightness and
associations. Another striking
peculiarity stincitlaierincienmpositions of Mr. Macaulay is that
fg contrasts.yHere our author is always
(Vol.is contrast of the Puritan and
and the old Cavalier Pp
y( p. 49-55) ; his contradis-
tinction between the ancient philosophy and the modern
philosophy (Vol. _
ee6-404) ; his comparison of
Dante and Milton, of Essex and Villiers, with a variety
of
u d ingenious
iuo la rla
of others, too numerous to particularise, are, in
their way, perfect specimens of the chiaroscuro
el letters. They impart a remarkable vividness
bring out events in
such as are readily seized by the
imagination and indelibly imprinted on the memory;
they give the keenest chiselling to the features of a face,
delinea
and the brightest colouring to the portraiture of an
tdoistiu theot
groups, such
; they
occurrence. Among the three-and-twenty distinct
papers comprised in this collection, we should be embar-
rassed to . make a
.selection of the most meritorious.
The apple of Paris was not reserved from a deeper
to arrive at a decision than
sense of ofouiricaPscitY
our
judgment be withheld in this par-
ticular. Whatever article we have perused the latest
we prefer to its companions every additional perusal
alters our opinion. Nevertheless each of the essays,
whether historical or critical, possesses some especial
attraction peculiar to itself, and in which it admits of no
mtit
Mr. Macaulay is gifted with an intellect
caotonpeceseiosn.
th etical and contemplative. He is equally at
home when expatiating upon the elements of high art,
or in accounting for the motives of a statesman. His
elaborate disquisition upon Lord Bacon is a splendid
tribute of mace $0 cone of greatest IBMs

that was ever granted to mortal, while it rigidly ad-
heres t the statement of those mournful facts which
invest the glorious memory of that man with so much
of incongruous shame and infamy. The intellectual
strength and moral weakness of our noblest philosopher
are there pourtrayed with the utmost impartiality. The
same veneration for truth, kindles the writer's enthusiasm
in one instance, and arouses his indignation in the other.
He is consistent to his own tenets ; he acts upon his ab-
horrence for what in one place he designates " the Lues
Boswelliana, or disease of admiration ;" in another,
" the idola tribes," and in a third " the Furor Biographi-
cus:" He contemns, and with the strictest justice that
leniency to faults, that tendency to eulogium,
that indiscriminate partiality evinced by biographers
for the personages whose characters they have
undertaken to define. Loving eternal truth and
immutable justice better than sounding names, Mr.
Macaulay reprobates Bacon where Bacon deserves repro-
bation, and reverences him when he deserves reverence.
And, as an evidence that our author is not incapable of
entertaining some sentiments of enthusiastic admiration
for an illustrious memory where the memory is suffi-
ciently illustrious and unsullied to justify such sentiments,
it is pleasant to peruse that earnest termination of his paper
on Milton, where he pictures himself in the presence of the
poet, and continues, " We image to ourselves the breath-
less silence in which we should listen to his slightest word,
and the passionate veneration with which we should kneel
to kiss his hand and weep upon it." Notwithstanding the
apology (volunteered by the writer himself, in his pre •
face) for this essay being " overloaded with gaudy and un-
graceful ornament, and notwithstanding that this blemish
is really apparent towards its commencement, especially
in that redundant sentence where he speaks of the muse
of Milton being able " to skim the earth, to soar above the
clouds, to bathe in the Elysian dew of the rainbow, and to
inhale the balmy smells of nard and cassia, which Me musky
wings of the zephyr scatter through the cedared alleys of tl:e
Hesperides,"—notwithstanding all this, our partiality
for this paper on the divine genius of the writer
of Paradise Lost is cordial and unaffected.
It is eloquent with the heart's devotion, and is teeming
with a thousand original and picturesque fancies. If
indeed for nothing else, that essay would be particu-
larly valuable as a proof of how the ornate splendour of
a young author can be modulated to a style as mellow
and as luminous as that in which Mr. Macaulay now
writes: how the abundance of blossoms and of foliage
may be succeeded by blooming and delicious fruit.
Such fruit, for example, as the essay on Lord Clive, on Sir
William Temple, on John Hampden, on Boswell's Life of
Johnson. The criticism on Croker's edition of Boswell
is, to our thinking, one of the finest pieces in these three
volumes. It begins with a terrible enumeration of the
blemishes introduced into that inimitable biography ;
blemishes as much resulting from the ignorance as the
carelessness of its incompetent and self-sufficient editor.
It then eulogises the production of that Prince of
Toadies, Boswell, while it covers the latter with
the deadly poison of ridiculer The passages
which follow this, illustrative of the progress
of literature, but especially of poetry, during the J ohn-
sonian era, are blended with judicious comments upon
the rowers and the weaknesses of that great sage—that
man who could " grapple with a whole library," and
yet could not conquer the most puerile superstitions
Among the most elaborate of Mr. Macaulay's critical
essays are the one on Hallam's Constitutional History,
the one cn Sir James Mackintosh, the one on Southey's
Colloquies on Society, the one on Leigh Hunt, and the one
on Horace Walpole. They are all characterised by a
fastidious yet liberal taste, a lively perception of the
idiosyncrasies of the various writers, and a stern and
inflexible regard to accuracy. Among the historical are
those on the Earl of Chatham, the Succession in Spain,
Burleigh and his Times, Ranke's History of the Popes,
Warren Hastings, and others already mentioned.
From the singular impartiality displayed in
the latter, as well as from the lucid manner
of the narration, we may be readily justified in looking
forward with the most sanguine anticipations to the
great history which Mr. Macaulay is understood to have
in preparation. Nevertheless, if we might be permitted
to presume upon any recommendation of the kind, we
would earnestly and respectfully commend . Mr.
Macaulay to digest one or two of his conclusions
upon events in English history before his volume
be permitted to issue from the press. We
would, for instance, hope that his acute mind
might before then re-investigate the ecclesiastical con-
duct, so to speak, of Sir Themes More, that he would
re-peruse the " Apology" of that great man, and especially
the thirty-sixth chapter, and after so doing he would
divest himself of what we believe, from our hearts, to be
the erroneous opinion that Sir Thomas More was guilty
of fanatical intolerance. The article upon Warren
Hastings may be particularised as perhaps the
most elaborate composition in these three splendid
volumes. It is not unworthy of being a compendium
and counterpoise to the grandest philippic of modern
times ; it corrects the indignation aroused by the rheto-
rical libels of Sheridan ; it places in a correct light a
subject which has possibly been more repeatedly and
more egregiously misrepresented than any connected with
the atrocities of war and the woes of misgovernment.
It explains, that while Governor-General Hastings
was most reprehensible for selling the English
troops to Sujah Dowlah, for a purpose so
execrable as the conquest of the unoffending Rohillas,
the massacre of an innocent race, and the devastation of
a peaceful country, those directors of the East India
Company who were the foremost to wreak vengeance upon
Warren Hastings were no less guilty than himself. That
when they recommended him to govern the Indian mil-
lions with leniency, and at the same time required him to
remit thousands of specie from an impoverished exchequer
they were tempting him to the commission of fraud and
despotism. Hastings is likewise vindicated from the
charge of murder, in causing the execution of Maharajah
Nuncomar, the great Brahmin; the whole obloquy of
that ci uel deed being cast upon Chief Justice Sir Elijah
Impey. Throughout the literary labours of Mr.
Macaulay, it is as impossible not to recognise his pro-
found and untiring reverence for Truth as it is not
to discern the erudition of the scholar and the
accomplishments of the rhetorician in his musical periods
and antithetical climaxes. One brief, but touching and
eloquent paper, will ellicit the praise of every reader—
we mean the beautiful tribute of affection and respect to
the memory and genius of Lord Holland. We have
spoken more than once of Mr. Macaulay's eloquence as
a writer, and we would have it particularly observed
that the word is not here employed as a mere hack
phrase in criticism. Those who have perused Mr.
Macaulay's productions will readily comprehend how
fully the expression "eloquence" may be applied to
them—how much, in that characteristic, those produc-
tions are akin to the Parliamentary orations of the Pay-
master of her Majesty's Forces—what an intimate ana-
logy subsists in this respect between his "Essays," his
speeches, and his "Lays of Ancient Rome." Who does
not, for instance, remember that noble passage com-
memorative of the antiquity and the stability of the
Catholic Church, terminating with that superb image of
her existence in undiminished vigour—" When some
traveller from New Zealand shall, in the midst of a vast
solitude, take his stand on a broken arch of London-
bridge to sketch the ruins of St. Paul's?" It would be
frivolous, however, to endeavour to give any isolated
passage as a specimen of these writings. It would be
the fool of Hierocles all over again, bringing a brick as a
sample of his house. Mr. Macaulay has, indeed, given
us more than a mere inkling of his literary powers ; and
though he himself may regard these essays with in-
difference, as unworthy of what he feels himself capable
of accomplishing, they are anything but unworthy of a
language which has been adorned by a Gibbon, a Gold-
smith, and a Burke. Mr. Macaulay may be privileged to
depreciate these volumes, as he appears to do in his
simple and dignified preface, but others will not be in-
fluenced even by that authoritative depreciation. Though
sometimes abrupt, even to rigidity and ruggedness, the
style is always luminous, the sentiments generally just,
and the earnestness invariably unaffected. The vo-
umes will live to posterity.

LAUNCH OF THE HADDINGTON
The enterprising and extensive firm of Messrs.
Thomas Vernon and Co. launched, on Saturday last,
from their new yard at the south end of the town, a
very fine iron steam-ship, called " The Haddington,"
built for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigatio,
Company, being the fourth iron vessel launched from
this yard since the removal of the firm from the north
shore about two years ago.
The dimensions of this noble vessel are as follow :
Length between perpendiculars 121 feet.
Length over all
Breadth of beam 35 feet.
Depth of engine-room 2l feet.
Tonnage, old measurement 1,303 18.94th5.
i‘ new measurement, about 2,000 tons.
She is to be barque-rigged, and will be propelled with
paddles ; her engines are in the direct acting principle,
of 450-horse power, by Messrs, Bury, Curtis, and Ken-
nedy.

At an early hour in the morning the Haddington was
thronged with a number of the workmen, and the yard
was crowded with spectators ; a great number of ladies
were also accommodated on a stage erected immediately
in front of the bows of the vessel. At about a quarter
to eleven o'clock the last support was knocked away,
and the huge fabric rested firmly upon the ways, though
her towering height gave to her such a toppling appear-
ance that some slight fears were entertained amongst
the uninitiated lest she should come down on her side.
The word to remove the daggers was given, and in a
moment the vessel glided smoothly end swiftly away to
her destined element, the baptismal ceremony of break-
ing a bottle of wine across her cutwater being performed
in the most graceful manner by Miss Curtis, the accom-
plished daughter of one of the firm. The lladdington
made her plunge stern foremost, in gallant style, amidst
the most enthusiastic cheers and amiable good wishes of
the persons assembled.
We are happy to say that no accident beyond the loss
of a fishing boat occurred to mar the rejoicings on the
occasion, and this happened as follows :—the way of the
vessel was so great, and she floated so lightly on the
water, that she went Out a considerable distance into the
river, and unfortunately came into contact with the boat,
in which were two men, who were unable to avoid the
collision, in consequence of having a net down at the
time. The boat, though partially swamped, was held
up by the rudder of the Haddington for a short time,
during which a rope was thrown down and laid hold of
by one of the men, who wa,3 at once drawn up in safety.
The boat then disappeared, but happily the other man,
being a swimmer, was enabled to sustain himself until
drawn into the Haddington, through one of her port-
holes. The vessel was shortly afterwards taken in tow
by a steam tug-boat, and was soon safely moored in one
of the adjacent docks.
After the launch, upwards of three hundred ladies
and gentlemen were entertained at luncheon in the
mould-room, which was tastefully fitted up for the occa-
sion, being lined throughout with national flags and
evergreens. The repast was provided by Messrs. Fisk
and Son, and was of the most sumptuous description.
14r, Veriacc, senior, presided. The usual loyal twists

were given and pledged with the heartiest applause, and
the healths of the various individuals connected with
the firm were also enthusiastically drunk. The com-
pany, which was composed of the elite of our merchants,
ith their ladies and daughters, were entertained for a
considerable time with remarks very appropriate to the
occasion from Mr. S. Holme, Mr. Curtis, Dr. Tatter-
shall, and other gentlemen, and separated, highly de-
lighted with the morning's diversion, a little before one
o'clock.

Illcssrs. Vernon and Co. have now on the stocks, in a
forward state, two other iron steamers, the one being in-
tended to ply between this port and Cork, and which, it
is expected, will turn out to be the fastest vessel et
built, and the other is to go to Bombay.

LAUNCH OF A SPLENDID IRON
" LINE-SHIP" WITH AUXILIARY POWER.
On Tuesday afternoon, about half-past one o'clock,
there was launched from the building-yard of Messrs.
James Hodgson and Co., south end of the Brunswick
Dock, a large and beautiful iron ship " The Sarah
Sands,"—named after the lady of Thomas Sands, Esq ,
one of the owners, intended to run as a regular " liner,"
between this port and New York, and with a steam-
worked screw propeller as an auxiliary to her sails. The
day was line, and the concourse of spectators was very
great and of high respectability, including many of the
" merchant princes" of our town and their fair wives,
dats;hters, and relatives. There were various stages
and stands erected for their accommodation around the
ship, so as to afford a good view of the launch.
The ship is of very fine model, built from drawings by
our talented townsman, Mr. John Grantham, and ap-
pears as if she would turn out " a regular clipper."
The following are her dimensions :
Length of keel
Ditto over figure-head and taffrail 220
Beam
Depth of hold 29 6 inches.
Tonnage, old measurement ...about 1,000 tons.
Ditto, new ditto
She is clencher-built, and double-rivetted throughout,
the strongest system in iron ship-building, When
loaded, she will draw about 1S feet of water, and,
though of beautiful form, will carry, in addition to her
required 'fuel, about 1,000 tons of goods. Her after-
cabins ail comfortably accommodate GO passengers, and
there is ample room for second and third class voyagers.
The screw will be turned by a double condensing en-
gine, of 200 horse-power, working directly upon the
shaft, on the principle patented by Mr. Grantham. The
diameter of the screw is 14 feet, and is on the principle
patented by Mr. Woodcroft, of Manchester. The en-
gines and boilers are all some feet below the load
water line, and, in place of causing top-heaviness, will
serve as ballast.
Captain W. C. Thompson, formerly of the Stephen
Whitney line, is part owner, and will command her.
Her rig will be pecans:. She will, from her great
length, have four masts, the two in the middle square-
rigged, (with yards,) and the two at the extremities
with fore-and-aft-sails. The vessel is divided into six
compartments, by five water-tight bulk-heads, giving
great safety in ease of collision at sea, or of stranding.
The ship has a fine fiddle-head, with delicately carved
floriatcd on the trail boards.
The launch was beautiful. The vessel, on being re-
leased by the daggers being struck down, glided beauti-
fully down the ways; but, as if impatient of her prolonged
restraint, before her whole bulk reached the water, she
kicked out the fore part of her cradle, as if she fancied
she would have rocking enough on the ocean hereafter.
She scraped the top of the river wall with her fore foot,
but so slightly, that no damage resulted. The cheers,
on her floating off and darting towards the Cheshire side,
were loud and enthusiastic. Her name was given by
Miss Sands, the accomplished daughter of the principal
owner, and the young lady performed the ceremony in
the most spirited manner. We noticed present, on the
platform near Mr. Sands, Dr. Tattershall, Messrs. James
Tyrer, W. Jevons, Joshua Edwards, W. Drury, Kerr,
Mould, Foster, Moulds, Prestman, and many others of
our mercantile townsmen, whom we could not distinguish
in the crowd.
Immediately after the launch, which took place at
about half past one o'clock, the invited company, to the
number of upwards of 400 ladies and gentleman, sat
down to.a substantial and superb dejeun r in the mould-
room of Messrs. Hodgson's establishment. The apart-
ment, which is of great size, was cciled and completely
lined with British and American flags—even the
windows on all sides covered by them, as with fancy
gauze curtains. There were ten tables across the soom,
and one lone. table uniting them on the east side, at
which the Chairman, Mr. Sands, sat, with his more im-
mediate relatives and friends near him. The appearance
of this temporary banquet-room was truly splendid ;
and Mr. Lynn, of the Waterloo, who provided the re-
past, did himself quite as much honour as at the dejeuner
given to Prince Albert. Ho excelled all his former
doings in this way, if we may so speak. The viands
were excellent, and the wines of the best quality. In
the confectionary line he exhibited his usual taste and
tact ; there being amongst them pyramids of sweet
things, surmounted by beautiful flags of pastry, banners
of silk, with gold fringes, emblazoned or representing
the national colours of England and America. All of
these were minute and beautiful. On several of these
little emblems were inscribed " The Sarah Sands."
After the repast, which all seemed to enjoy,
Mr. SANDS successively gave the usual loyal toasts,
which were drunk with enthusiasm. He afterwards
proposed the health of our worthy diocesan, " The
Bishop of Chester," which was received with equal good
feeling.
Dr. TATTERSHALL having been alluded to in con-
nexion with the toast, said he knew it did not apply to
one individual, but to the whole body of the clergy, and
he felt the compliment the more highly on this account.
He had reason highly to esteem the Bishop under whom
he officiated as an excellent man and a Christian. With-
out religion they could have no sound morality ; and
without morality no nation could enjoy true prosperity.
He concluded a feeling address by proposing " the
health of the lady after whom the vessel had been
named."
The CHAIRMAN called upon his eldest son to reply,
which he did in brief, appropriate, and feeling terms.
The CHAIRMAN, in a neat address, complimentary to
the brotherly feeling towards the " old country," evinced
by Brother Jonathan, proposed "The health of the Pre-
sident of the United States," which, as were the other
toasts, was received with three-times-three hearty cheers.
Mr. OGDEN replied.
A gentleman, whose name wo did not ascertain, after
some remarks on the progress of steam navigation, steam
power, &c. (in which he instanced the possibility of the
Queen shortly visiting, on a pleasure trip, her brother
potentate, the Emperor of China!) proposed success to
" The Sarah Sands," and all connected with her.
Mr. SANDS returned thanks in feeling terms; and
after stating that Captain Thompson, who was to com-
mand her, was a gentleman of great nautical experience,
and he doubted not would do justice to the ship, pro-
posed Captain Thompson's health, which was of course
drunk with repeated cheers.
Captain THOMPSON returned thanks.
The health of Mr. Grantham, the architect of the
ship; of Messrs. Hodgson, the builders; and others,
were received with equal enthusiasm; but we have to
regret that there was a difficulty, from the crowned state
of the room, in hearing much that was said, so that we
cannot report it.
Mr. WHITTY, of the Journal-office, replied to the
toast of " The Press," which was proposed by the
Chairman in a most complimentary manner. He con-
cluded by proposing "The Lancashire Witches."
In the course of the proceedings, Mr.BLAIN expressed
his opinions on steam navigation, and the progress of
commercial end nautical science, in a manner highly gra-
tifying to all present.
We understand the firm of J. Hodgson and Co. built
the first iron ship to trade between this port and China,
and the East. They are also the builders of the first
iron steamer to connect Liverpool with the continent of
South America, and likewise the first iron screw steamer
that has ascended the River Plate. The Sarah Sands is
the first liner that has been built in Liverpool for a con-
siderable time, and, being of iron, we have reason to hope
' Ithat Liverpool will have in time a fair share of Ameri.
can building trade.—Liverpool Courier.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
PRIVY COUNCIL, August 12.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat to-daV
in the Council Chamber, Whitehall. The Lords present were,
the Lord President, the Lord Privy Seal, the Lord Chief'
Justice of England, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancas-
ter, the Vice-Chancellor of England, and the Judge of the
Admiralty Court. The Attorney and Solicitor-General also
sat with their Lordships as assessors.
IN THE MATTER OF THE PETITION OF THE PROVOST OS'
ETON COLLEGE.
The arguments in this part-heard case were resumed thigo
morning. The case came before their Lordships upon a pe-
tition presented to her Majesty, by the Provost and Fellows,
of the College Royal of Eton, against a scheme proposed to
her Majesty with respect to the College by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners of England. The following are the more im-
portant facts of the case :
" The College Royal of the Blessed Mary of Eten, otherwise
called ' The Kyng's College of our Ladye of Eton X)esyde
Wyndsore,' was founded by Henry VI., in 1440, and by
him incorporated and endowed, and invested with ma.ny
privileges, by letters patent and charter incorporated into
and confirmed by Act of Parliament, the 20th of Henry VI.
The perpetual adyowson of the parish church of Eton wag
purchased by the King, and granted to the college in
frankalmoin, and the church was changed into a collegiate
church, and appropriated, united, and annexed to and in-
corporated with the college, with the consent of the then
Bishop of the diocese (Lincoln), in 1443. At tlee request of
the King, the college was expressly exempted from the
jurisdiction of the archdeaconry of Bucks, and aese archi-
diaconal jurisdiction within the palish and collegiate church
of .Eton was conferred upon the provost and his successors
by the Bishop of Lincoln, with the consent of the Arch-
deacon, to whom an indemnity was assigned of 225. 6d. per
annum, charged upon an estate belonging to the college,
which has ever since been regularly paid. In 1445 or 1446
a body of statutes was granted by the King to the college,
and all collegiate persons are sworn to obey these statutes.
One of these statutes (49th), "Of the Metropolitan Visite,-
t ion of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the ordinary Visi-e
tation of the Bishop of Lincoln," contains the following
passage :—" Also, we have it much at heart that all and sin-
gular the ordinances and statutes of our said Royal College -
by us made and to be made may for ever be fully and
efficiently' observed, and all the property of the same faith-
fully preserved and -discreetly controlled, an,-1 we firmly
hope that the most Reverend Father in Christ. the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, the Metropolitan of the sai:d college,
the Rev. Father in Christ the Bishop of Lincseln, the
Diocesan of the same, who, for the time being, al they
ought to be the visitors and ordinaries of our said ce'llege
(sicut dicti nostri Collegii Visaleres et Ordinarii esse debebCnt)
so they will be favourable conservators and chief protectoY3
of the same college, and of all and singular persons and
possessions spiritual and temporal, anti of the rights,
liberties, and privileges of the same, and especially of
our statutes and ordinances aforesaid ; on account of which.
our singular confidence in them, we have not cared to make
our said college exempt from the same (non curavinius exemp-
tum.facere ab eisdem) by the authority of the Apostolic See ;"
and it wills that the Archbishop, as often as he shall visit
the diocese of Lincoln as metropolitical, by himself, or his
(suns), and the Bishop of Lincoln, when they shall have been
required by the Provost, Vice-Provost, Bursars, or Fellows,
also without requisition, every three years, when he
should ordinarily visit his cathedral church and diocese,
shall once freely come to the college by themselves or their
commissaries (except the Provost of Eaton), and others
named in the statute, and shall call together the Fellows
and other persons of the college; " which same most reve-
rend and reverend fathers and such their commissaries afore-
said, by force of this, our present ordinance and statute, we
will more fully to have power of inquiry most rigidly concern-
ing all and singular the articles contained in our ordinances
and statutes by the Provost, &c.; also, if it befit under the
oath of the same to be administered to them to speak the
full and simple truth (to wit), if our ordinances and statutes
aforesaid had been duly executed and also observed by all of
them," &c.; " and concerning any excesses, negligences,
crimes, and faults whatsoever of our said royal college, ac-
cording to the full force, form and effect of the ordinances
and statutes for the correction and punishment thereof,"
&c. In short, this statute confers the most ample
visitatorial powers upon the Archbishop of Canterbury
and the Bishop of Lincoln, extending to deprivation;
but expressly takes away from them, "any other
power in our said college, as over the persons of the same, or
to other matters than those contained in our present statute,
and our other statutes and ordinances, or that they may be
able, or that any of them can, by reason of the jurisdiction
which he 6r they have in the same, or over any of the persons
thereof, cite, or cause to be cited, summon, or cause to be
summoned, out of the said college, the Provost, or any fellow,
or any other collegiate person, whatsoever in the same; but
we, as much as is in us, entirely deprive them, and each of
them, of such power by force of this our present statute
(sect potestatent hujusmodi eis et eorum culiibet prasentis
statuti nostil vigore in quantum in nobis est adimimus omni
modo). The Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1446, by deed under
seal, accepted, ratified, and approved all these statutes,
especially the 49th, as did also the Bishop of Lincoln
By virtue of the premises, the Provost and college had
claimed and exercised exclusive and peculiar ecclesiastical
jurisdiction within the parish of Eton. The Bishop of Lin-
coln (within which diocese Eton was localy situate) never
exercised, or attempted to exercise, any diocesan jurisdic-
tion in the parish or collegiate church of Eton. Marriage
licenses are granted by the Provost, and no churchwardens
have ever been elected or appointed by the parish, which
has been wholly exempted from church-rates, repairs and
other expenses, ordinarily the subject of a church-rate,
having been defrayed by the college. The visitatorial
power has been constantly exercised by the Bishops of Lin-
coln, and occasionally by tile Archbishops of Canterbury.
The Act 6 and 7 William IV., c. 77, which created the body
politic and corporate, called " the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners for England," enacted (sec. 10) that the Commis-
sioners shall from time to time prepare and lay before his
Majesty in Council such schemes as shall appear to them
best adapted to carry into effect the recommendations
therein mentioned, and shall prepare such measures as may
appear necessary for that purpose, and they are empowered
to propose in any such scheme, " that all parishes,
churches, or chapelries, which are locally situate in any
diocese, but subject to any peculiar jurisdiction other than
the jurisdiction of the bishop of the diocese in which the
same are locally situate, shall be only subject to the jurisdic-
tion of the bishop of the diocese within which such parishes,
churches, or chapelries are locally situated." In July, 1837,
the Commissioners proposed to her Majesty, with the con-
sent of the Bishop of Lincoln, that upon the first avoidance
of the see of Oxford, the county of Bucks (forming the arch-
deaconry of Bucks), then part of the diocese of Lincoln, should
be detached therefrom, and annexed to the see of Oxford.
This scheme way ratified by her Majesty, and in November,
1845, the see of Oxford becoming void by the translation
of the then Bishop of Bath and Wells, the county of
Bucks became parcel of the see of Oxford. Meanwhile
the Ecclesiatical Commissioners, in August, 1845, pro-
posed to her Majesty, inter alia, that, after the Ist of
January, 1846, all parishes and places locally situate
within the diocese of Lincoln, and all churches and chapels,
and the whole clergy and others of her Majesty's subjects
locally situate within the limits of such parishes and places,
should, notwithstanding ar.y peculiar jurisdiction or exemp-
tion from jurisdiction they might claim, be subject to the
jurisdiction of the bishop of the diocese within which they
were locally situate, and to no other eclesialtical jurisdiction
whatever. This scheme was likewise ratified by her
Majesty. The county of Bucks haying, by its transfer to
the see of Oxford, in November, 1845, ceased to form part
of the diocese of Lincoln, when the aforegoing scheme took
effect (Ist of January, 1846), it had no operation upon the
peculiar or exempt jurisdictions in that county. On the
29th of April last the Commissioners laid before her Ma-
jesty another scheme, proposing that all parishes and places
locally situate within the diocese of Oxford, and all churches
and chapels and the whole clergy and others, her Majesty's
subjects, locally situate within such parishes and places shall,
notwithstanding any peculiar or other ecclesiastical jurisdic-
tion or exemption claimed by them, be subject only to the
jurisdiction and authority of the Bishop of Oxford; " pro-
vided that nothing herein contained shall deprive the colle-
giate church and parish of Eton of their present exemption,
if any, from the jurisdiction of the Archdeacon of Bucking-
ham." The Provost and fellows of Eton objected to this scheme
on several grounds :-1. Bceause, Eton being a royal foun-
dation, and haying hitherto enjoyed an exemption from
ecclesiastical jurisdiction, no evil consequences have arisen
therefrom ; on the contrary, time ecclesiastical state of the
parish and college is in all respects satisfactory. 2. Because
no particular or peculiar benefit or advantage has been sug-
gested as likely to accrue to the college, parish, or diocese,
from the abolition of this peculiar jurisdiction. 3. Because
the immediate and necessary consequence would be to place
the Bishop of Lincoln, as visitor, the Provost, fellows, and
collegiate clerks, and the Bishop of Oxford, as ordinary,
in collision ; and to render the Provost, fellows, and all
collegiate persons amenable in the same capacity, to two
different and possibly conflicting tribunals. 4. Because the
charter, privileges, and statutes of the college haying been
lawfully granted, confirmed and recognised, and found
highly beneficial, it is unjust in principle, and impolitic
iii
against
trgtelieet
practice, to interfere in the manner proposedaseitah
cause, or proposed advantage, or charge
othere hand,m say that the
college. '1 he Commissioners, on time.
does not appear to them
exemption from episcopal jutorishdiaicyteionaiclaanirr
tdimbey
itnhefaccotlleegxe:
isted; that the parish of Eton, and time site of the Royal
College, were, at the date of time foundation of the college,
and continued to be till November last, within the diocese
of Lincoln, the Bishops of which see having been, under the
statutes .of the college, ordinarylvisitors, filled the twofold
character of diocesan and visitor, which had given rise to
the supposition of an exemption from episcopal jurisdiction ;
whereas the episcopal authority could not merge in the
visitatorial authority ; and there is no evidence of any act of
a Bishop of Lincoln, by which the collegiate church of Eton
was exempted from the diocesan authority, whilst confirma-
tion and other rites performed there by Bishops of Lincoln
could only have been performed by them as ordinaries of the
diocese. But should the petitioners be able to establish the
exemption they claimed, then the Commissioners submit that
that exemption ought not to be continued, one of the objects
of the Act of 6th and 7th William IV., c. 77, being to put an
end to such anomalies. If, therefore, the collegiate church
and parish of Eton are not exempt from episcopal jurisdic-
tion, they are not affected by the scheme; and if they are
exempt, that church and parish will under the proposed
scheme be placed under the episcopal jurisdiction of the
bishop in whose diocese they are locally situate, according to
the spirit and intent of the Act.
Mr. BETHELL resumed his arguments in behalf of the pe-
titioners, and the case appears likely to occupy several days.

CONSISTORY COURT, August 11.
(Before Dr. LUSHINGTON.)
WILLIAMS V. WILLIAMS.
Dr. LUSIIINGTON delivered judgment in this case,
which was argued on the 29th of May and the 9th of
June last.
This was a suit (said the Learned Judge) brought by
Mrs. Mary Williams against Mr. Charles Williams, her
husband, charging him with the commission of various
acts of cruelty, and praying a separation on that ground.
The question in the cause was an issue of fact, not of
law, but depended upon the credit to be given to the
witnesses. The cohabitation between the parties had
been singularly short ; for the marriage took place on
the 28th of September, 1843, and the separation on the
17th of August, 1844. Both parties had bean pre-
viously married, and Mrs. Williams possessed a consi-
derable fortune settled to her own use. The pleas in
the cause were, a libel, an allegation exceptive to the
evidence of one witness, and an allegation responsive
thereto. The most important witness to establish the
charges alleged in the libel was Miss Eliza Tideswell, a
niece of Mrs. Williams—a circumstance which would
lead the Court to look at her evidence with great vigi-
lance. The first charge in order of time referred to a
transaction which took place on the 19th of April, 1344,
when, in consequence of a dispute which occurred
the day before, both parties used very strong lan-
vrteaas tur.t:
guage—Mr. Williams calling his wife a fool, and
nkind
she retorting by upbraiding him with. .his
behaviour, and calling him a hypocritical
result,lW'hielliams accordinghreat
ood the
o
Bliss .
Williams' face, wad the teapot after it. That stitches',
Taidccuspweolii