The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-24 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDO N, THURSDAY MORNIN(2, DECEMBER 24, 1846.

the Government, that they cannot, by any measures
within their power, meet all the cases of severe pri-
vation and distress which are to be found under exist-
ing circumstances in Ireland."
- -

To return to Mr. WASON'S plan. It is as follows :
—Proprietors, willing to reclaim their own lands,
and to mortgage them to the Government, stipulating
to repay advances with reasonable interest, at stated
periods, to be so assisted by the Government. Next,
the lands of proprietors, either unwilling, or inca-
pable cf bringing them into cultivation, to
be purchased by Government, under Act of
Parliament, :and resold to capitalists, ready to
develop the resources of the soil. Every pre-
caution is to be taken, under the authority of
competent persons, that the required outlay will be
remunerative, so that the public funds shall not be
ultimately endamaged. It is computed that
10,000,0001. would suffice to render Ireland, in an
agricultural point of view, invaluable as an integral
portion of the United Empire. Such a sum, with
the certainty of repayment, is, upon a comprehensive
view of the subject, quite insignificant, compared with
the great advantages of the revolution, social and
moral, it would be designed to effect. Neither will
it be presumed, that, if a case can be fairly made
out, as we believe it can, to justify the expenditure,
Parliament, which so munificently voted 20,000,0001.
for emancipating the West Indian, would in any-
wise hesitate to sanction the required outlay. We
rejoice to find that Mr. RIGBY 'VAsoN, and that ex-
cellent Irish landlord, Mr. SHARMAN CRAWFORD, are
pretty much on a par in their respective views ;
and we rejoice all the more in that the Government,
by their latest Treasury minutes, have already
evinced a disposition to bring the material portions of
them, at the earliest moment, into effective operation.
Should there, however, be found any men in St.
Stephen's indisposed to co-operate with the Govern-
ment in their benign views towards Ireland, they
would do well to con over a paragraph in Mr. SHAR-
MAN CRAW FORD'S letter to Lord JOHN RUSSELL, with
which we shall conclude :
"I have shown what the landlords have to answer
for. I have no disposition to screen my own class from
their due responsibility ; but they are not the sole do-
Unguents. I arraign the Imperial Parliaments, and the
different Governments which have been in power since
the Union, with the commission of bad legislation, and
the neglect of good. They knew by the reports of their
committees and commissions, both the evils and the
remedies ; and if the landlords of Ireland neglected
their duty, and the members for Ireland neglectefftheirs,
it does not absolve the Governments and the Legisla
cure from participation in the continuation of bad sys-
tems, and the neglect of the remedies required to amend
11( m."

While the public attention is distracted by so many
occurrences in different directions—by the accumu-
lating miseries of Ireland—by the complicated policy
r.f the French Cabinet—by the territorial thefts in
Northern Europe—by the approaching sessions in
Paris and Westminster—by the disjuncted state of
parties in the Swiss Confederation--by the pusil-
:animity of Cashmere, the avarice of the United
States, the indecision of Mexico, the protracted
troubles of La Plata, and even by the paltry
squabbles of a Consul in the Mauritius—
it is refreshing to contemplate the small
and feeble glimmerings of hope by which the
gloom of the Peninsula is chequered. But
that experience has demonstrated the importance of
those indications of the future which are apparently
the most insignificant, we, should be inclined to dis-
regard the circumstances to which we allude as un-
worthy of observation. ALEXANDER POPE is not the
only individual who has indicated
" What mighty contests rise from trivial things."

All history has verified the fact; all biography has
been illustrative of its actuality.
Various circumstances have recently foreboded an
alteration in the political and social condition of
Spain. In defiance of French diplomacy, in &fiance
of internal contention, in defiance of BRESSON, of
Louts PHILIPPE, and of CHRISTINA, there have been
these consolatory indications. So frequently, however,
have there been auguries of a similar character, and so
repeatedly have those auguries proved to be mere
delusions, that we are inclined to look with the
greatest suspicion on those which have recently made
their appearance. We regard them as indications
only of a temporary change, not as forerunners of a
permanent reformation. Still, as inaugurative of the
most transitory movement, they deserve at the least
to be recorded. To these circumstances we shall
refer in succession. First, there is a rumour that a
serious misunderstanding has taken place between
Queen ISABELLA and Queen CHRISTINA, a misunder-
4anding so serious as to threaten the destruction of the
Afrancesado influence. Some accounts even mention
the retirement of the latter from the Peninsula as not
in improbable consequence of the disagreement.
Long as this wily and unconscientious Princess
has domineered over her daughters, and
long as she has thereby fostered the evil
nfluence of France in her adopted country, the
period of her power seems to be approaching its
:ermination. It is not—it cannot be a matter of
,stonishment that a woman cursed with such violent
Ind devouring passions, a woman without shame for
:he publicity of her immoralities, and a woman who
is estranged by her Neapolitan birth from the king-
dom of her departed husband, should have little
4cruple in promoting her own personal interests by
iacrificing those of Spain. The character attributed
Co step-mothers gen?rally is proverbially odious
C lIRISTIN A, by every act of hers during her widow-
hood, and subsequently, as the wife of the Duke DE
fiIANZARES, has been a worthy representative of the
4-enus. Her cruel domination over Queen ISABELLA
and the Infanta Donna LUISA. promises now, how-
.ver, to close with her contumelious banishment.
Such,,at least, are the surmises most prevalent in
Nladrid, and those surmises are said to be deduced
from the fitful appearance of the Camara, though we
ire fain to regard that Camara as a mere vehicle for
lie reflection of the variable and passing opinions of
he day, and as, in more significations than one, a mere
camera Obscura.
Secondly, there is a rumour that the Spanish
.hrone is no longer in a fair way of being
iccupied by the INFANTA or her descendants.

ft must, of course, still continue to he a sort of
" contingent remainder" to those members of the
Royal Family, but it will be a remainder of a
icarcely attainable character. The assertions which
have recently been so frequent as to the pregnancy of
ner Majesty Queen ISABELLA are now being uttered
with confidence; and, in the event of that assertion
proving correct, an inestimable blessing will be as-
sured to Spain, and a fearful misfortune will be simul.
taneou3ly prevented. All the perils which have been
courted by Louis PHILIPPE still thereupon prove
fruitless. The guile of M. BaEssoN will he recom-
pensed by—nil. The marriage of the Duc DE MONT-
PENSIEB, with the exception of the magnificent dowry
of his bride, and her possible offspring—nil. The
rupture of the entente cordiule with England—nil. In
every respect the labours, and troubles, and dangers
of the recent machinations in the Tuileries will have
been commenced in selfishness and consummated iu
disappointment.

While these various reports are being bruited
about the Spanish Court, while the capital
and the provinces are engaged in all the ex-
citements of electioneering, there is another
instrument of Peninsular regeneration actively em-
ployel—a solitary pilgrim—a stranger-- an English
manufacturer—a member of the British Parliament.
Unnoticed by the contentious squabblers frplace, Con-
DEN is travelling through Spain on his mission ofjustice
and humanity. The Apostle of the new Age, he is dis-
seminating throughout that country the principles
which must not only produce commercial freedom and
monetary prosperity, but must ultimately secure to
mankind the benefits of political advancement and the
blessings of international cordiality. From Madrid
to Cadiz, from Cadiz to Seville, from Seville
to Barcelona, the Conqueror of Monopoly
has already proceeded, and his presence has
been everywhere acknowledged by the welcome
of the more enlightened Spaniards. Ills words
have been listened to at the banquet-tables,
and distributed from the printing-offices of the
......nthern provinces, and the cause of Free Trade
has already in consequence among
the inhabitants of the Peninsula. Little as the
Legislature of Madrid may regard these proceedings,
little as they may think of the enthusiasm evinced
towards the illustrious Englishman, there is a mighty
engine at work
among the middle climes of that

people, rooting out the prejudice of centuries and
planting in their stead the seeds of Reason and
Truth. The reception of RICHARD COBDEN in
Spain is no idle ovation.

The state of Ireland it is now universally admitted
will form the chief topic of discussion during the
ensuing session of Parliament. Measures of the
most enlarged and comprehensive character will be
introduced; means will be taken to provide for the
adequate employment of the labouring cla3ses, and
to compel the proprietors of the soil to provide for the,
support and maintenance of the population of their
several estates. The doctrine "that property has its
duties as well as its rights," will be recognised to the
fullest extent, and enactments will be passed for the
purpose of enforcing the due performance of those
duties, of obliging the landowner to perform his part
of the implied contract which the original grantee,
the person from whom he derived his title, entered
into with the State when obtaining the property in
the lands. That property was granted to him for the
national benefit, it was conceded to him that he might
use it, and not suffer it to lie waste and unproductive.
Every man is so bound to act with respect to his pro-
perty that others shall not suffer either by his acts or
omissions. With respect thereto he is as much an
offender against the law, by omitting to do anything
which the common good requires, as if he committed
a direct act tending to the public annoyance. Com-
munities or individuals may be indicted for not
repairing a highway, if the duty is cast upon them of
so doing ratione tenurce, by reason of the possession of
property which is responsible therefor. Why may
not the principle be extended, and every person in
possession of lands be bound to improve them and
make them productive, or to part with them to others
who will have both the ability and the will to do so?
We do not desire unduly to interfere with what are
termed the rights of property, but it cannot be con-
sidered either just or reasonable that the interests of
those who fully and fairly perform all that can be
required at their hands should be sacrificed and made
subservient to any delicacy or scruple with respect to
the negligent and careless proprietor, or an unwilling-
ness to go to the very root of the evil, and to remove
the real causes of the national distress by the most
active and efficient remedies.

In order to form a correct judgment as to the
measures that may be necessary for the welfare of
Ireland, it will be desirable to investigate the sources
from which by far the greater portion of the present
calamities have had their foundation and origin.
Why is it that in a country of extraordinary fertility,
possessing the greatest natural advantages, the soil
should be left unimproved, or not half cultivated, un-
drained, fenced only with rude banks of earth, with-
out suitable farm-houses, or offices necessary for the
proper management of the land ; large portions of that
land covered with rushes and weeds, remaining idle
for a series of years, while the remainder is exhausted
by scourging crops ; rivers, and water-courses, that
might, by a trifling expenditure, be turned to the
greatest advantage, overflowing their banks, and con-
verting rich and profitable meadows into useless and
unproductive marshes; the produce, such as it is—
not half, scarcely a quarter of that which might be
obtained under more prudent management—exposed
to the weather, and insufficiently secured, while the
labouring classes are insufficiently employed, in-
sufficiently fed, insufficiently paid, a burden to the
resources of the country, instead of being the pro-
ducers and creators of national wealth? In entering
into this investigation we shall, as far as possible,
abstain from any discussion of those abstract political
questions on which there will necessarily be conflict.
ing opinions, and inquire into the state of the law and
practice as to the occupation of land in Ireland, and
the causes which lead to that want of proper cul-
tivation of the soil, that inadequate employment cf.'
the population.
Perhaps the chief causes now in operation, by whicl
these lamentable results are produced, may be stated
to be the "insecurity of tenure" and the thraldom it,
which real property is bound, the restrictions by which
its free transfer is fettered, what may be termed the
"land monopoly ;" and, secondly, the want of capital, ,
the embarrassments and pecuniary difficulties 133
which a large number of the landlords are encumbered
and oppressed, and prevented from applying the value
of the produce of the soil, or any portion thereof, it
the improvement and better cultivation of the
from which it is derived. If the first of these cause:
was removed, if what Mr. STE\YART has happil3
termed "a free trade in land," could be fully obtained,
the others would be removed in process of tint(
Capital would be freely invested in the acquireme❑
and improvement of land, a class of small proprietor,
the most valuable for the nation would spring up
cultivate their own lands for their own sole profit
bringing all that energy and steady perseverance'
which men will apply when they know that they ar,'
working for their own profit, that there is an absolut
certainty that they themselves, or their families, wil,
have the full and entire enjoyment of the fruits o
that industry without hindrance or drawback. It

cnnfirmaticn of the accuracy of this opinion we ma 3
quote the report of the Land Commission, which says—
" We believe that there is a large number of person.
in Ireland postessing a small amount of capital, whicl
they would gladly employ in the purchase and cultivatioi
~f land, and a still larger number, now resident ii
different parts of the country, and holding land fui
uncertain or limited terms at a rent,' who would mos.
che( rfully embrace the opportunity of becoming pro•
prietor3. The gradual introduction of such a class o
men would be a great improvement to the social conditioi
of Ireland. A much larger proportion of the populatior
(Ilan et present would become interested in the pre-
,ervation of peace and good order, and the prospect o
gaining admission into this class of small landowner,
would often stimulate the renting farmer to increases
exertion and persevering industry."
We must reserve the consideration of the means b 3
which these causes may be removed to a futui
day ; we are satisfied, however, that they can be full 3
and entirely done away with, and that the most be-
neficial results to our sister island may be looked fot
under an improved law of real property.

A letter from Hamburgiiinforms us that the Senate
of that city has, on the application of the Consul-
eneral of Austria, issued an order, by which tilt
'author of any publication criticising the Austria►'
Government is to be fined 27 rix-dollars (87f.) It
is added, that an application was also made for tht
expulsion from Hamburgh of M. CHUSELKA, wh.
has written a pamphlet against Austria, and of N.
RoNGE, who has founded there a German Catholic
Church, but this demand was rejected by a large
majority.
A letter from Lubeck informs us that the Danisl
Government has at length, on the representations of
the Austrian and Prussian Governments, and to pre-
vent an appeal to the Germanic Diet, consented t,
permit, on reasonable conditions, the Lubeck and
Hamburgh Railroad to pass through the Duchy 0:
Holstein, without which permission the railroad could
not not have been completed.

The Revue de Geneve of the 16th states that tht
report of the committee appointed to draw up a phi
for revising the constitution will be shortly termi.
nated. Mr. JAMES FAZAY has been named reporter.
The following are to be the bases of this document :

—First, an extension of electoral rights, ae
several classes of citizens who, after the consti.
tution of 1842, were omitted, are now to be in-
cluded; secondly, the direct election, by the whole 0'
the electors, of the Executive Council, which is to by
for the future composed of seven members, and
the faculty for the electors assembled at a general
meeting to dissolve the representative council, and to
proceed to new elections in case of 'disagreement be-
tween the two councils; thirdly, the re-organisation
of the municipal constitution, so as to place it in
accord with the new political organisation, based on
the recognition of the principle of popular sove-
reignty in its widest sense. In addition, the question
of the eventual revision of the constitution is to be
submitted every fifteen years to an assembly of the
electors.

The Grand Council of Berne held its first sitting
of the winter session last week. It was opened by
a speech from the President, in which he expressed
at some length his disapprobation of the conduct of
the Northern Powers in the affair of Cracow, and
his sympathy for the Polish cause. A statement
having appeared in one of the Swiss journals rela-
tive to an interview which the President of the
Grand Council held in Paris with M. GUIZOT, he
declared that the interview was not connected
with any mission from the Grand Council, and
that he could not without indiscretion say more of
what had passed than that M. Gozzor had convinced

him of his kind intentions towards Switzerland,
and his desire to see the country preserve its inde-
pendence, but that he did not conceal the fears
that he entertained as to the intestine divisions that
existed. It was announced at this sitting by the
Director of Finances of Berne that the budget
of 1847 shows a deficit of 800,000 Swiss livres
(1,184,0000

The judges of Lucerne have set at liberty, after
twenty months' detention, the Advocate SCHNYDER
compromised in the late events. Captain PFIFFER
has also been liberated, but both are to pay a fine to
the State ; that of the latter gentleman is 6,000 f.

Madrid papers to the 13th have arrived, and letters
have been received bringing intelligence from that
capital to the 15th. Of 274 elections, the results of
which were known, the Moderados had gained 195,
the Progressistas 56, and the Pacheco party and
Absolutists 22.

It was confidently reported that Senor MoN would
be appointed President of the Council.

The account of the renewal of the contract with
the Bank of San Fernando is confirmed.

MADRID BOLSA, DEC. 12.—The Three per Cents,
were done on the 12th at 34i for cash.

We have received the Paris papers of Monday.
We yesterday published a paragraph from the
Honiteur Parisien officially denying the accuracy of
the version of M. GUIZOT'S circular note on the affairs
of Cracow, which had been published in the France
of Saturday. In allusion to this denial the France
of Monday says—
" We read in the Moniteur Parisien—' The France has
published a note under the title of Circular Note of M.
Guizot on the Affair of Cracow. We are authorised to de-
.Aare that this note is altogether inexact and incomplete.'
We will remark, in the first place, that the official journal
Toes not deny the note; it merely declares it to be inexact
and incomplete. We have an explanation to offer in order
to remove this double reproach, which appears to us to
be a miserable subterfuge. The copy which was com-
municated to us was drawn up hastily, and several
phrases were rendered unintelligible by abbreviations.
We were therefore compelled to guess at some words,
and to add others; so much for the inexactitude. As
to the reproach of having published an incomplete dour
tnent, we have nothing to say, except that as two phrases
from the badness of the writing were not clear to us, we
suppressed them. But in its ensemble the document has
been neither changed nor mutilated. Let M. Guizot
publish the original, and the public will see in what
points it differs from the copy, which was communicated
to us from a good source."
The France then goes on to state that an attempt
had been made at Vienna to induce Lord PONSONBY
to unite in a protest with the French Ambassador,
but, as might have been expected, Lord PONSONBY
was too astute a diplomatist to be caught in such a
clumsy trap.
In the same journal we find the following account
of the more than Bourbon baseness of the Infant
Don ENBIdIUE
We believe we can affirm that in consequence of
counsels coming simultaneously from Paris and Madrid,
he Infant Don Henry delivered up his whole corre-
,pondence with several members of the Progressist part)
:o a diplomatic personage of Brussels, and that it was
'orwarded to Paris and Madrid. The Spunish Secre-
tary, who accompanied Don Henry in his journey,
having attempted to rersuade this weak prince from
Acting in such a manner, received, on the express de-
nand of the Prince, as the General Gazette of Prussia
confirms, an order from the Belgian police to quit the
country forthwith.'
The National has a long article on the Cracow
iffair, in which it affirms that both Lord PALMERS-
roN and M. Guizor were some time since officially
informed of the resolutions to which the three Powers
had come. The communications made to these
Ministers, says the National, were on the three
following points :—lst. The incorporation of
Cracow. 2d. The destruction of everything
that could recal a recollection of the ancient
existence of Poland in the Russian dominions. 3d.
A. new pact of alliance between the three Powers, to
lefend the actual state of things, and also whatever
Iv may hereafter believe it useful to accomplish ir
concert. The National then goes on to trace the
Jresent disorganised state of affairs throughout
Europe, the troubles in the Austrian dominions,
the uneasy state of Prussia and Germany, the
unsatisfactory nature of the relations existing
let ween England and Prance, the disturbances in
.he Peninsula, eventuating, as those disturbance:-
riost probably will, in the re-appearance of Don
\IIGUEL and of the son of Don CAimos, to the in-
rignes of Russia. " The Holy Alliance," says tilt.
Vational, "is reconstructed, or, rather, it has again
tsumed the offensive."
The Bey of Tim Is has found a sturdy champion in

the Commerce, which thus defends his claims to be
-,reated as an independent Prince :
" Great Britain refuses to recognise the independent,
if Tunis, which she regards as placid under the guar
lianship of the Porte ; and it appears that the greate.
lumber of the other powers of Europe, with re.spect to
his 114rbaric state, share the opinion of Great Britain.
f we are to judge by the absence of the diplomati,
.orps from the concert given to the Prince at the hotei
,t Foreign Affairs. The independence of the Bey 01
runis, however, does not appear to us contestabl.
either as a matter of right or as a matter of fact. Th
.-t.rnily now reigning has been on the throne since 1705.
vhen it succeeded that of Murad. No interventioi
if the Porte took piece at its accession. The succes-
.ion to the throne, which remains amongst the member:
this family, is not regulated by any fixer
aw ; the Bey during his lifetime designates a.
ois successor ono of his near relatives, who ap
}ears to him most adapted for the task of government.
Ahmed, the present Bey, has, in this way, named as hi,
successor Sidi- Hamds, one of his cousins. The Bey of
Tunis pays no tribute to the Sultan ; he merely send,
ram presents, as a sort of homage rendered to a su
orernacy purely religious. The regency is governed b:
its own laws, emanating from its own authority, and not
by the legislation of the Divan. The Prince coin,
noney, and consuls of foreign nations are accreditet
lirectly at his court. It is, no doubt, allowable for at
Porte to regard as proof of the dependence, the annu
,resents sent by the Bey of Tunis ; but in the intercourse
setwcen him and the European Powers, it appears to m
,hat this species of feudal homage ought to be completell
,verlooked, and to lose all signification, in face 01
he very positive and very real political independence of
Ahmed Bey. In the point of view of international right.
that is a dependence which is manifested by only a
,imple and sterile offering of presents, and which doe,
bot prevent a state from existing under its own laws
[rona having an army of 25,000 men, considerable nava,
forces, and from acting on all occasions, both at horn,
and abroad, according to its own good pleasure env
intent? And can the sovereign power of a Tamil)
landing down the throne to its own members for up
wards of a century, be considered a mere vice-royalty?
The little fit of the pouts, therefore, which Engine(
ind the Ambassadors of the continental Powers exhi-
bited a few days back, cannot be justified by any serious
•eason."

The Courrier Francais says that the BEY is about
to appoint a Consul-General for Algiers and consular
igents at Oran and Bougia. In the same paper we
find the following amusingly ridiculous exhibition of
spite at England :
" As soon as the Bank of France is suspected of hay
ing need of the Bank of England, John Bull is unwil-
ling that this service should be claimed on the score of
reciprocity. He pretends to have all the merit of aidinp
as, and will not hear of having ever been obliged by us.
Never, since Waterloo, has more insolence (outrecui-
dance) been seen in attributing to one's self a usurped
glory. Every one knows the pretension of the
English to claim the victory at the battle of
Waterloo the morning after the battle. The movement
of retreat on the Brussels road, the terrible charges of
our Cuirassiers breaking into and sabering the English
quares, careering for two hours in every direction over
the high ground of Waterloo in the midst of the Eng-
lish army at their wit's end—the tears of despair shed
by Wellington at the sight of this frightful carnage,
the most terrible that history makes mention
(if—the miraculous arrival of the Prussians to
snatch the victory from our hands, and who
alone saved the English army from the most
complete destruction—all this, we say, was for-
gotten the day after the battle. They not the less
assume the merit of our defeat ; and it is as a uFurped
glory that Waterloo is dear to them. Their monuments,
othfelivr
asttererleotos,
Itheir
quays, are so many commemorations
have Waterloo-bridge, Waterloo.
place, Waterloo Column This habit of attributing to
themselves a usurped glory is indeed one of the dis-
tinctive signs of the English character ; and why, there-
t;tre, should it be astonishing that they refuse to the
Birk of France the honour of having rendered a service
to the Bank of England ?"

We hope that " the tears of despair shed by WEL-
LINGTON at Waterloo" have been preserved in a
phial ; they certainly are worthy of a place in Punch's
Cabinet of Curiosities.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Mon-
day al 80f. 75c. ;" the Five per Cents., 118 f. 55c. ; the
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,261 f. 25c.; Rouen, 905 f.; Havre,
860 f. ; Great Northern, 646 f. 25c. ; Avignon, 878 f. 75c. •
Vierron, 607 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 561 f. 25c. • Boulogne, 442 f:
50e. ; Troyes and Montereau, 350 f. 9 ; Basle, 218 f. 75c. ; Dieppe,
370 f.; Paris and Strasburg, 486 f. 25c.; Tours and Nantes,
490 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 510 f. ; Lyons and Avignon, 490 f. ;
Bordeaux and Cette, 445 f. ; Spanish Three per Cents., 38%;
Spanish Domestic Debt, 3234.
MARSEILLE.% DEe. 16.-Marseilles and Avignon, 877 f.
50c.; Northerll 648 f. 75,..; Paris and Lyons, 50M.
BUSINESS Do:NE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON s,,TOCK EXCHANGE, DECEMBER 22.
East Indian, 54._,,j,uxembourg, :yl-Paris and Lyons Con-
stituted. 81,f-Paris as Id Rouen, 35;4-Tours and Nantes
Constituted, 434.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS

(From The Sun of last Night.)

The Cotton market at Liverpool 3 ester)a yes very
tame ; sales 2,500 bales, of which 1,200 ;ere imerican
on speculation. Shares were firm.
The decision of the jury in the case of Newton and
another v. Stewart, in the Court of Queen's Bench, yes-
terday, has been the topic of much conversation in the
City today. Varitis as have been the decisions of
juries, who have followed the dicta of judges upon
the point of law, whether a provisional committee-
man was liable for expenies incurred in the for-
mation of a scheme, the decision in this case under
review is held to be most wholesome. How the de-
fendant could expect a decision in his favour, after hav-
ing paid a sum of money as his share of the " expenses
of formation," seems to all who are connected with'
business matters, a pure novelty. Much cavil has been
raised by parties connected with railway schemes which
have proved abortive,:at the cost of the advertisements.
k is in periods of adversity " time and labour"
appear to be very little regarded. In all cases where
advertisement agents have given credit upon the faith
of " good names" inserted in a prospectus, surely a
right of action ought, in equity, to exist on the part of
bona fide creditors to claim for expenditure, on behalf of
the provisional or the managing committees, whether
for advertisements or services actually rendered.
Accounts have been received from the Cape of Good
[rope this morning to the 15th of October. It is satis
factory to find, by papers received at the Jerusalem
Coffee-house and the North and South American
Coffee-house, that not far short of 8,000 of the stolen
cattle had been recaptured. The state of the military
forces was good. Nothing had been settled as to the
establishment of a permanent boundary line.
That an attempt at fraud has been committed by
somebody connected with Mexican Bond conversion
transactions, has long been suspected. The fact is now
established beyond a doubt, the Messrs. Schnieder and
Co. have publicly announced the circumstance, that
bonds to the amount of 97,5001. have been circulated,
and that too without the least authority. The occur-
rence is but a renewal of the Mendizabal notorious
project, but in the present case the same success has not
resulted as that which followed the late 'cute Financial
Minister at Madrid.

A very firm market has prevailed for Consols and the
other public securities to-day. The value of Consols for
the Account has ruled from 93i to 934 ; the Three- and-
.t-Quarter per Cents. from 9511 to 958 ; and for Reduced
Annuities from 94 to 941 ; Exchequer-bills remain at
Bs. to 1 Is. premium. Bank Stock has fallen about 1 per
cent., viz., to 203.

Business is extremely slack in the Foreign Stock
Market to-day. Mexican Stock has been quoted at 231;
Spanish Thiee per Cents. have been sold at 38 ; the
Dutch Two and-a-Half per Cents. at Oil ; and the
Peruvian Six per Cents. for the Account at 381.
The Railway Share and Scrip Market is active this
morning. The North Staffordshire Railway Scrip has
been in excellent demand, and has improved to 91, or 4/
premium. Nearly all the trunk lines are favourites for
investment at the present moment.

ONE CLOSING
i.RICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. FRICEs.
Bank Stock 205% 205 205
3 per Cent. Reduced Anns 941/8 94 944 944
Yew 34 per Cent. Annuities 953/4 71; %%s 95%
L;ong Annuities to expire Jan.lB6o
Ditto 30 years, Oct. 10,1859 9 11-16 3/4 934
Bank Stock for Account ... ..... — 206%
Consols for Opening 93%3% 94
Exchequer Bills, 10001.14 d. ... 811— p 11 p
Ditto, 5001 ... 811— p 11 p
Ditto. Small
ONE CLOSING
O'CLOCK PRICES

RICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS.
Brazilian Bonds -
Ditto, New, 1829 and 1839 —
Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1846 —
Ditto, Account 24 23% 241%
Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cents —
Ditto, 4 per Cent 38% 38%
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
Ditto 3 per Cent.
Ditto. Account 3B
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch, 2% per Cent
Ditto, Account 60%
Ditto. 4 per Cent. Certificates -
PRICES OF BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RIILWAY SHARES D. AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Aberdeen
Amber., Nott., Boston,
and Eastern Junction 2%..... 21,4% 2%
I rmagh, Coleraine, and _ _

6034
6 0 34
93

_
Porfrtish ..... 1%.....
P.elfast & County Down 4/4...... •
Birmingham and Dudley 421. ... .. 6% p 614 p
Llinnin. and Gleucester..loo 1291/2 1291/2
Ditto New l7l/2 321,‘ ... ... 32%
Birmingham and Ox-
ford Junction
Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire Junc.... 23/4 —3oston, Stamfd, & Birm. 225. % p
fristol and Exeter - •• ••• .........
Ditto, New
iristol and Gloucester 3O ...... 501/2
Bristol and Liver. June.. 21/2......
Buckinghamshire
aledonian
Ditto Half Shares-- 21/2 2l/2... ...... ..... 2%

Ditto, Clydesdale Jane 25 -
3hester and Holyhead... 271,4 -
Caurnet and 81ythe...... 2
~. ...... .....
Chester and Manchester 425.
Cheltexham and Oxford 2
Clarence lOO
Do. let Class, 6 per Ct. 10
Do. 2d Class, 5 per Ct. 10
Do. Government Loan,
4 per Cent.
:,,ork aid Killarney
lork and Waterford ... 11
`orriwall
Ditto, Half Shares ... 24..... f-ye y 2
✓irect Lincoln, East liet-
ford, and Slieild. J one. 25/ —.
Direct Northern
Direct Norwich

Dublin and Belfast June. 121/2 —
Dublin, Belfast, and
Coleraine
Oundalk & Enniskillen 10

astern Counties 14/. I6s. 2371, 23
Ditto New

Ditto Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, IS o. 1....... 6/. 13s. 4d...

P
74
6 %
50%2

2

3%

Ditto ditto, No. 2... 61. 13s. 4d...
Do., York Extension.. 2 ...... 31/2%
EastDerelein andNor'ch 1
astern Union 4O .. ...
Ditto, Quarter Shares 10
Do. Exten.(llarwich) 1% — ......... .....
Do., Camb. and Ely.. 2% —
East Lancashire
Ditto. New
Do., do. (late Preston
and Ormskirk)... .. 5 . .....
Do., do., New Scrip... 114
East Lincolnshire ... •. 1/4•• • • • • VA
4,ast & West of England 1/......
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 ......
Ditto Half Shares ... 10
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12%
.4:dinburgh & Northern.. 121/2 l5 •••
,:dinburgli and Perth... 3 ......
iy and Huntingdon ... 121/2
4:nniskillen and Sligo ... 21/2 —
4:xeter,Yeovil,& Dorset WI -
31asgow, Kilmar.,&- Ayr 50 ......
Ditto, New
Do., 14 Shares (5 per
cent. guar.) ...
' ;oole Doncaster, &c... 2
ireatEastern &Vl'estern 21/2...... ••• •
treat South. and West.
(Ireland)
great Munster 2l/2 .....
Ireat North of Scotland 21/2......
ireat North of England..loo ......238
Ditto New 5
Ditto, New . . l5 ...... 55 541/2 ...
Ditto, New
;reat Western B5 127 126 126
Ditto 5 Shares
Ditto Jr% Shares
Ditto Fifths 2O —
Ditto, New
Huddersfield & Manches. 13
Ditto, Extension 3
Hull and Selby 5O
Do. Half Shares
Ditto 14 Shares
Ipswich & Bury St. Edm. 14
Do., do., and Norwich 5
Lancaster and Carlisle... 50 -
00. New -............-
Leeds and Bradford
Leicester and Bedford... 165....... 4 dis % dis.
Leeds, Dewsbury, &c.... 221/2 •• ...... •••••• -
Do., Branch (Blue) ... 21/2
Do. Extension( Green) 21/2- ...
Leeds and Thirsk l7l/2...... 16
Ditto, New 5 — - •
Do., Prefer., 6 per Ct. 3% 5
Do., Mnchstr & New
castle Junction .... 214 A...•••
London and Blackwall. 161. 1-35.4 d 84

8%

76%

2%

27 1/...',

54!..4

131/2
43/4

43/4

3 Do. New - ...... •••....
Ditto Extension .. VA....-. •
London, Brighton, and
South Coast
Ditto Fifths
Do. Ditto,
Eighths lO ...... 141/2
Do. Guarant. 5 per ct. 9 ...... ... .. ..
London and Greenwich 12115 s 4d...
Do. Preference ...18117a 2d —
London, Hounslow, and
Western ........ ....... 2
London 'and N. Westernloo 195 194 194
Do. Quarters . . 2
D0., do., New
Ditto Fifths
Do. q Shares (G. J.) 5
Do 40/.Shares(L.M.) 8 —
Do. 40/. (M. & B.) ... 40
Do. 101. (M. & B.) A. 5
Do. 10/. (M. & B.) B. 5
Do. 101. (M. & B.) C. I
London, Oxfore, and
Cheltenham .. 1%..... ...
Lend. & S.Western 411 tis 10d 631/i 6234
Do. New ConsoL Bths 40 ......
Do. New
Do. New
Ditto Tenths ..... .. 5
Ditto Tenths ... ..... 4
Ditto Scrip
Ditto ditto .....•..... 4
L'uion and York 214 2% .....
Do. Extension
London, Salisbury, and
Yeovil ..... .. ........ 2% —
Londonderry&Coleraine 15
Londonderry and Ennis-
killen l5
Lynn and Ely l5
Lynn and Dereham l5
Dtanchester and Leeds— 82 lO7
Ditto 14 Shares
Do. Quarters
Do. Fifths ...... ..-..... 5 - . 10%
Do. Sixteenth. 6
Do. Extension 42e... IAN p 1 p

14%

1434
191/

62%

5A
4%
53/4
4%
21/2
2,/,'3

6%
10%

Do. Liverp. and Bury 2 t
Do. do. Fifths
Man..!,hester,linNton,and
Matlink- 425....... ws p lys p
Manchest. & Southampt. 2
Midland lOO l2B 127 127
Do. Fifth!' 2
Do. NPW
Ditto, New
Do. isirir., and Derbiloo
Midland Great Western

Irish
Newelstle and Berwick 2Q
Do. North Shields ... 25
Newcastle and Carlisle...100
Newmrket&Chesterfrd 5
Newport& Abergavenny 24......
Newry and Enniskillen 7
Newry, Warrenpoint,
and Rostrevcr
Norfolk . ... .. 100
Ditto Half Shares .. 9
._. ..,

Do. Extension
Northern Counties Union 2%
North British ... ..... ... 25
Do. Half Shares
Do. Quarters
Do. Extension is ll/2
Ditto Thirds 1 ... .. 3% 4
Northern and Eastern... 50
Do. Scrip (issd. 5 dis.) 45
Do. Quarter Shares... 12% —
Do. New
North Staffordshire 5 ...... 8% 91/4'
North Wales
••
Northern and Southern
Connecting
North Western 2%
Oxford, Worcester, and
Wolverhampton
Oxford, Witney, and
Cheltenham..~
Portsmouth Direct 3% —
Preston and Wyre 25 —
Do. % Shares -
Reading, Guildford, and
Reigate 3/. 12s. — dis.
Richmond 15
Royston and Ilitchen ... 1% —
Scottish Central
Scottish Midland l2ll l5 .
Sheffield & Manchester 100
Do. Quarter Shires... 8
Do. Lincolnshire June. 1% —
Do. & Great Grimsby. 10
Do. do. Extension 425.
Shrewsbury and Birm... 3 .... . 54% ...... .....
Ditto ditto, Class B. 1% —
Shropshire Union
South Devon 4O ...... 321/2
South Staffordshire Junc. 2%
South Eastern & Dover. 33% 39%
Do., No. 1 2O
Do., Nc, 2.
Do., No. 3 - •••• •••• ••••
Do., No. 4
St•Alban's, Hatfield ,an d
Hertford Junction ... 425. — ........
Staffordsh. & Shropshire 2% —
South Wales 5 ...... ..... ...
Swans. & Loughor & Ca-
meron's Stm. Coal.
Taw Vale Extension ... 2
Vale of Neath 2 —
Wakefield, Pontefract. &
Goole
Waterford and Kilkenny 11 . ....
Waterford and Limerick 27% — •••
Waterfd,Wxfrd,Wicklw,
and Dublin
Wexford, 1► aterford, and
Valentia
Waveney Valley ... 2
Welsh Midland
West Riding Union 42s. —
West Cornwall
Wexford and Carlow ... 31/2
Wilts, Somerset, & Wey-
mouth
York and Newcastle. . .. 25
Ditto New 5 ...... 12 tA, ..... . ........
Do. Preference
York and North Midland 50
Ditto% 5hare5........ 25
Do. Selby
Do. Extensio'
Ditto, Preference .....• 2
Do. East and %Vest Rid-
ing Extension
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.

Anglo- Belgian ... 4
Barbadoes 1
Belgian Eastern Junctn.
Boulogne and Amiens... 18
Bordeaux & Mediterran. 2
Bordeaux, Toulouse, and
Cette (Mackenzie's)... 2
Do. (Espelete's)
Calais, Dunkrk, and West
Flanders
Calcutta and Diamond
Harbour
Callao, Lima, and Pacific
Coast'
Central of Spain ...
Ceylon
Demerara
Dendre Valley ... .. 4
Direct Bombay and
Madras
Dutch Rhenish 6 ..... 43%
East Indian..... ss.
Fanmoux & Hazebrouk 4
Great Indian Peninsular ss.
Great Western Bengal... ss.
Great. Western Canada... 31A ......
Italian and Austrian.... 4 .....
Jamaica S.Mid.Junction 1
Jersey
Louvain ii, la Sambre ... 6 ... . .......
Luxemb0urg............. 4
Lyons and Avignon 2
11 ad ras
Madras. Nellore, and
Arcot
18 —
Madrid and Valenti:....
Mauritius ..
Namur and Liege
Nn of France Constituted 5 ......
North Jamaica
Orleans and Vierzon ... 10
Orleans and Bordeaux.— 6 ....„
Over Yssel 4/ 3s 4d
Paris &Ly-ons Constituted 8
Paris and Orleans, 2O ..
Parrs and Rouen
i'aris and Strasbourg
Constituted
Rouen and Havre
Sambre and Meuse lO .... 4
Strasbourg and Bale ... 14
Laurence & Atlantic
Fours and Nantes Con-
stituted ..... 5
Tournay, Jurbise, Lan-
dau, and Hasselt. 8
Trinidad
West Flanders 6
JOINT STOCK BANKS.

Australasia
Provincial of Ireland ... 25
Union of London lO
British North American 50
Commercial of London 20
MINES

Real del Monte Unread.

WILSON'S SCOTTISH ENTERTAINMENT AT CROSBY
HALL—The series of seven entertainments on the songs
of Scotland, which Mr. Wilson announced at Crosby
Hall, came to a conclusion on Tuesday night, when he
was honoured with a brilliant and crowded room, and as
usual the audience were highly delighted, and very en-
thusiastic. Mr. Wilson was in excellent voice and sung
with great effect in all his styles, pathetic, humorous,
and heroic. The programme contained a great variety
of songs ; among those that were not Scotch, the " Sol-
dier's Dream " produced a great effect—in fact, it was
as fine a piece of musical declamation as we ever listened
to. Many of the songs were encored, and in addition to
those in the programme, Mr. Wilson sang " The Lass
o'Gowrie," and the excellent song of " Tullochgorum."
At the end of the performance Scotia's own minstrel
was much cheered, and gave delight to his friends by
announcing that he would resume his entertainments in
London in April. In the meantime Mr. Wilson visits
Dublin, and several of the provincial towns of England
and Scotland.
FAKTRAORDINARY RISE IN THE Pawl 0? BREAD.—
On Tuesday a very simultaneous rise in the price of bread
took place throughout the metropolis; the household
quality being advanced from 7d. to 80., and the best
wheaten from 90. to lOid. In the market, on Monday,
flour rose 3s. per sack; and it is stated among many of
the most experienced bakers, that, before the expiration
o the week, the 41b. loaf will reach the price of I Id.
®EXTRAORDINARY SUPPLY Or POULTRY.—In Lea-
denhall and Newgate markets on Tuesday morning there
was such a bountiful supply of poultry of all descrip-
tions, that fine geese of 111 b. weight were being sold as
low as ss. and ss. 6d. each. One salesman had about a
ton weight of geese consigned to him. Turkeys were
sold at 6s. and 7s. each ; fowls at 3s. and 4s. a couple.
Game of every description was equally cheap ; tine
pheasants might be had for 4s. the brace. The markets
were crowded, and several hundreds of geese were
bought to supply the various " goose clubs" held in the
metropolis.'
DEATH FROM STARVATION IN LIVERPOOL.—An
inquest was yesterday held on the body of Martin Fin-
nigan. Catherine Freeman, a widow residing in Lace-
street, said, deceased and his wife and three children
came to lodge in her cellar about a fortnight ago. They
appeared to be in a very destitute state, and got their
living by begging. The wife and children left the house
on Friday morning, about nine o'clock. He went out
along with them and did hot return until nine at night,
when he was brought home by four men. He then ap-
peared very ill. He was put to bed and died about two
o'clock the next morning. No surgeon saw him until
after his death. During the time he was living in the
cellar he had not sufficient food, and had nothing but
what he procured by begging. His wife had applied at
the parish-office, and had been relieved twice with bread,
but the deceased had had no relief. John Connor, a
police-officer, found deceased, on Friday night, in
Standish-street, about ten o'clock, standing against a
wall. Witness thought that he was drunk and went to
him, but found him sober, and hardly able to stand or
to speak. On the way to Bridewell witness ascertained
where he livod, and two men took him to convey him
home. Witness saw him dead on Saturday night.
Witness asked him some questions, but could not under-
stand what he said. He appeared to be in a state of
destitution and starving. Mr. Kilner, surgeon, when he
was called, found deceased dead. On a post mortem ex-
amination he found that death had been caused by
disease of the lungs, and the want of sufficient food
combined. The want of food was the principal cause of
death. The jury returned a verdict to the effect stated
—disease of the lungs, aud want of sufficient food. The
cellar is a most miserable place, and the body was
stretched on a litter of straw. The mother (who is very
ill) and the children have been taken to the workhouse.
In the same house in which the poor creature died there
are no fewer,than eightsick persons.--Liverpool Standard
of Tuesday.