The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-26 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

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48 yt
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SCHOOLS.

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1214

25 ys
:—.

WILIDEOR, SUNDAY.—Yesterday
the Queen and his
Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by the Coun
tess of Gainsborough (Lady in waiting). ll°e' and
Dawson, the Earl of Morton, Colonel Buckley,
Colonel Seymour, arrived at the Castle at six o'clock in
the afternoon, from Hatfield House, Herts.
The Royal Family took their usual ponjr.exercise
yesterday morning. - —•
This morning her Majesty and her Royal COnsOrt
joyed their usual early walk .
Their Roy al Highnesses the Prince of Wales, Friect
Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, tool
pony exercise on the terraces and grounds around the
Castle.
The Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albel4"
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the
and gentlemen of the Court, the Lady in
the Duchess of Kent, and the domestic household, fi/i
tended Divine service this morning, in the private cbert
Ur
of the Castle. The Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Coto
officiated. the
00

Her Royal Highness the Princess of ilesse,
honouring the Haymarket Theatre with her pros
aic° ;Is
Friday; evening, left town for Kew, in con3panY
their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of CI
bridge, and the Hereditary Grand Duke and G 11111,4
s
Duchess of Mecklenburg Strelitz, and his Serene "t,
ness Prince Frederick of Hesse. The Princess Weeder
tended by Baroness Scheel and Baron Meysenbuclt.O
Royal Highness remains at Kew on a visit to the D
and
Baron
of Cambrie.
Brunow, the Rugssian Minister, transaetedbli
ness at the Foreign office on Saturday.
Lord John Russell returned to town 011 Sti.ritur:ell:l
from a visit to the Marquis of Salisbury, atybe
Psil
House, Herts.
At the Chapel Royal, St. James's, yesterago erg
sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Sleath, the Plialsby
were read by the Rev. Mr. Helmore, and the 10100
the Rev. Mr. Hall. The Countess of Wilton sa"pre.
Countess of 4Charlemont were among the no
sent.

COMMERCIAL TRAVELLXItS

.06.
cliff JO
TO THE EDITOR OF THE .---steapsl-
- Travellers' Schools, 51,
#9l
October, 1846. exhibit
Sin,—From the lively interest which you ~.to g.
all occasions to promote education, I Tentil- iota -
upon your attention the following outline or fst-6001
tion, now being formed for the purpose ir' philare°
maintaining, and educating, the orphans an,". /21
deceased and necessitous commercial travell!r: of 11:ti
This institution had its origin at a 1neet,114"045 ~r Ili
commercial travellers in the month of Jul:. ~" S;Po
being deeply impressed with the necessity 11 3 ... pg tbe_..
institution, they at once resolved upon oterr! to fow;g!
selves, and their influence with others, in ore e' deli ''g
one which should be creditable to the f0u1:36,05540i
beneficial to the unprovided children of their etionsffeo
brethren. Their first applications for subseri; 000 h
directed to their fellow travellers, who, ere 0 0 015
had elapsed, subscribed 3,000/. and upward' 'Zeal el) I
projected schools. Such an exhibition of totioe.,,
part of the travellers, and earnest of their 111_, s/05
unite in raising and supporting this institutilwais do
without its beneficial effects upon the prieeil3lo 0f,,,
commercial firm, as is testified by the b° who Ph;
society, in which' the names of nine fire's' ssb°P6-1
subscribed one hundred guineas each, twelveboo sii
subscribed fifty guineas each, and ten w"„r Poi
scribed twenty guineas each, already 01)13,e' 0.01111
month of July, 1846, (being twelve Enoet'lools)'o
the suveestion for the formation of the sc 0 010
amount subscribed was 6,000/., the only e%Pet sorietel
the sociel had incurred, were those of rell'hlsss
and stationery ; their secretaries, malut6ers's °fall
and collectt.rs, were all honorary and sebaloa
I mention these facts, not as boasting °t lilog
follf Iti ;
collected at a little expense, for you will hei. offohl i
that until the fund be increased three or lebtit 1 l'eo
eo
benefits of this institution must be limited 'eat ths,, i
to them as being an encouraging omen of ii 9 Olio'
yellers and their principaliintend to do, hletit:Oldl
surance that what they have generously begun
neff ll
liberally supported to maturity. At Pre„s-s- pofie" 0
canvassing has taken place, no extrfierwho firstly
been cal!ed into action, but the indivialsoooparavoecio
jetted the institution, aided by their „epsnitS Pr , I
have effected these satisfactory resulta"'- theca '
ssith,__ speedli
by voluntary means, and carrying
a,snrance that they will he followed by Abe re do
tablishment of an everlasting monument;te icjtig
benevolence of the travellers of the United
011
and the generosity of their principals. •Diel,
I would also call your attention to the princilloyiol's
which the projectors of the institution Ophildre's
foundation. The schools will be open to the siesetlf •
both sexes between the ages of seven and till tll°i6
they will remain upon the foundation eplii.-y- tediPv
of fourteen. The children of parents de„,ifFr trif 0
denomination will be alike eligible—the Pe'-',- istltelio
their parents' religious professions will ue„,"ooll),eitlt
served, and their influence upon the child '...0.. Psi°
interfered with in the course of instructiSioctlyi
view to produce concord, and avoid all „cl blob
religious profession, the Church of Engle'be 5,t0 I
agreed upon as the public place of worship teAol tP, fil
by all. Upon this foundation it is ietell:ith°ll:stO
shall be taught Christianity and morality,
their 510
interference with the peculiar sect which 1;41°
may profess. All will be eligible who s' d
deserving. oleo 1°
With such liberal principles for the folitnpreoig:
such zealous operatives as the commercial b.ieetly,'
its strength, and with so praiseworthy an 4,l3hde Lir se
nothing, I believe, can retard or prevent 'l,O tr",
of this benevolent undertaking, so long Ili:jail/a
continue to exercise their united endeavour...o 1',:,1°41
The Committee of Management are oft tirov,,
their attention to obtaining the patronagemnissi°A
family and nobility, to the formation of earssoget,3olll
mittees throughout the kingdom, and the ai;,," 10100
a set of rules to carry out the design of tt4-00 .
Their anxious endeavour is to obtain a Own 0
distribute the benefits of the schools as so°.,-,tiolb
Apologising for the length of this cousrallel;sal, e
I remain, Sir, your very obedient ,serSoll* A
GEORGE LAWRENCE' V
--- 0
LONDON AND BLACKWADD
lopt,
WAY. VW
On Friday a meeting of shareholders in tbe onel. g#.:l
Blackwall Railway was held at the George clerilleY
Tavern, Cornhill, for the purpose of cons' tbeio
measures ought tolbe adopted for improvigtisftl
and prospects of the railway. Major !tic Ali
called to the chair. inealr,bel)
Mr. BRYSON, through whose instre:td l' tre'
meeting had been got up, and who represe-tatr„,ol
rests of some very extensive shareholder-,s sa bi-tfoi
length the considerations which had inchicesold 5P3
his brother shareholders together. Ile of
00
890
advise the shareholders to make an offer:l ort,tl3oo,i
and Blackwall line to the Eastern Countif,, it'os je e' 0
don and North-Western, and he had Lteone,
believe that, whatever proposals they wade iffrir.or
panics, would be favourably entertainer tbe `Cy
thought it praper to inform the meeting that res'ireq
had had an interview on the subject wic."rtirdlsy,
the chairman of the London and "casle°,
Company, and from what passed on the t;ostb,t"iio
justified in saying that the London and and Ydisifip'
were very anxious to obtain the Londenoei/ooti
line. He concluded by strongly roc° cord er
shareholders to take the affairs of them the - j'4
their own hands, and no longer to trust O,
he v tl
the present directors. sod t" 0060;
' Several other gentlemen then addres-;,1I1 taltt
each succeeding speaker taking substantive:l,ol,lP
view of the matter as that which lied isl,e i°
Mr. Bryson. Eventually a motion was ,"; 0114' i
o" nimously agreed to that a committee "-to 040,
wait on the directors, in order to institil ,0 is 0,
vestigation into the state of the coroPaeltbeirol V
to ask an explanation on various pointsiessoti! 0000
respecting which the shareholders are uiforalVdl4
in the event of the directors refusing te,„soee,tio Or
sired information, or to submit to the l"oal fit!
deputation the books of the company' t° air slir
meeting of the shareholders. . ato 3114
A vote of thanks having been glve-eo Ow
ardson, for his conduct in the chair, t"
broke up. /14
----------=';''- if eV /be
, lv Stjllill,
Wisr.Ls.—DIOCESE OF BATS AND tie° #.O
Bishop of Bath and Wells has given ne 00,0, of
er 130P4
quires all persons who propose to Off to 0. al
candidates for deacon's orders, to write TrilS Ovi
his permission, at least six months beforfeit. ea, otiliii
and Christmas respectively, stating t- idenc-or 6
academical degree and usual place of re,,100'7021
with the names Of two or more clerNooP
..
persons of respectability to whom the ~..vot Oleo, Or
if he think fit. It is not necessary tiiicotie.t.l?
applying should, at the time of his aPaftern at
h ote„of
vided with a title, which may be song''„nuoie_...,sP-
title, however, is required to be CO o'll
three months before the day of orate° 01/1,1
Journal. Coe:, Po,
CONVICTION UNDER THE RAlLWchurs9:lol
ACT.— At Watford petty sessions on me, or j
the Essex Arms Inn, Watford, before,oshei!,„a„,ooo
the Rev. Mr. Clutterbuck, Captain f,,tior:l„ViAio'll
magistrates, for the purpose of adjudi7 Soil:glob
made on the part of the London Ilecomp7e4,
(London and Birmingham) RailwaY iota, iia Vey
Mr. Edward Chippendall Milne, eqo &Pre °lli
Manchester, for an alleged attemptthe oloci , i i
company of the proper fare to svhico:ontlono .!Ari
Mr. Barker, superintendent of the if of ti! p 0,2 P.,)
Western Railway, attended on be ht 00°0101
It appeared, from the evidence of ton the Sbiora,Airi,
Watford, and other witnesses, that 011110011# PLOI9
tember last, the defendant arriveadecaotrotecit:llo:4:l7r,o,P)
by the train from Manchester,
and a child. Haying no ticket for the of t'Aie!..o9
admitted to be upwards of four YeabitheholOrei
fare was
byedmanded, the payment ofir is• ins.nocAia9
refused Mr. Milne, and according "oata! ..,,s9'di
tli lwo.- 9
taken, and a summons subsequee f paroils $
e
him. Mr. Barker haying cited Actsl)3etich
tip
$OO
which the defendant was liable, theAdepthloti
a few minutes, and convicted the " vos Chia(
penal yof 40s. and costs. Intiraatiopiar. p. 07,,. p
part of IP' ' ,r/ '
appeal would be made on the 13.." : '
the ciceiiieu.

' ' - s..ft
-..v, ti. ..ri t'..n..:--i 't S ‘ 1;3-1- " 1
HATFIELD HOUSE.
!i,erriEen
v , FRIDAY NIGHT —The li",arl, Talbot and
last eves'ounnint Ifigestre arrived at the Marquis of Salisbury's
ssg in time to join the dinner circle.
The Queen and Prinea Consort, accompanied by the
tiet.le Lost, and followed by the distinguished party re-
thir`itelrge,a the, mansion, entered. the great hall shortly
• .Bnt 0 clock, the band of the Hems militia,
well-
The tilteued in the music gallery in the hall, playing the we 1
acwn tune of " The roast beef of Old England."
what
tune of
arrangement of the guests was some-
Qiitt• „at' departea from. Her Majesty was supported ou the.
by Prince Albert, and the noble best on the
Ladylis left. In succession to the Prince Consort sat
r, Mildred Hope, the Marquis of Exeter, and the
kaientess Spencer an Viscount Melbourne; the Countess
oelfli?),:_in_sbo`'..rcue'h, the DMlte of Wellington, the Mar-
a. ..',.',3 t. Exeter, sat in the same order, on the left of
seated,' marquis of Salisbury. When the company. were
i
the Rev. E. Fabhfull, Rector of Hatfield, an
domestic chaplain to his Lordship, said grace.
smile banquet was of the most sumptuous description,
7,Leentriplised all the luxuries that wealth could procure.
tnnti desert was Particularly excdlent, and was placed‘i
1110 er the able superintendence of Ferdinand. la hen.a I
be .e3alliana' had taken their seats at the banqueting
tra:(l, that ancient chamber afforded a brilliant coup
1 :1, the hall being illuminated by a great number of
leit 3 P 4, in addition to more than twenty Chinese lanthorns,the
reoPfeaded by an invisible wire from the pendants in
~
labr... The table was lighted from superb golditcatnining
4,:rialtrreately with which were costly vases containing
es.(;ii al tiewerl.' Al the attendants were in full dress, and
itr„.. Were a silver badge of . he aalisbury arms on the left
efl
IThe effect was truly tnag,titiet2nu '1 ne Marquisad
Prosra2libury rose at the conclusion of the repast, a
fis;" %a a toast, " The Queen."
The tillilitarY band struck up " God save the Queen.'..'
the ealth 021. her Maje,ty way
The
rising from their places.
then drunk, the whole of
Prince' 0 Noble Host then gave e His Royal Highness
March-"
Adbert," when the band performed the " Cobuurg
At a ~
tlireinbeaenieltiten; to ten o'clock her Majesty retired
time.from
-hall, the ladies leaving a:, the same
3,Nlettev"„e,r,t and the Noble host, and the guests, sub-
tire
%ter " --J°llrued to the s lendid saloon, where the
en and a select circle frad assembled. At the re
ttathrniti.t 15f the
Queen the band played the nation
i Previo
'rill 4;l her Majesty and her Royal Consort
of the
141,11314 for. their private apartments, twelve the direction arusts who have recently been employed, under
the of mi..
Sang, in the embellishment of the
siaginri afforded the royal l party much pleasure by
In the some Popular vocal music of that country.hr..
„selection wi-re, " Die Capelle," a Das Sc sv„a i
rth,„ ~, Der Vogel," and " Der Kohler-bauerbube. h
lierts-;'arquis of Salisbury, as colonel of the South
ioll..) '"lnatry,
non-commis-
gave the privates and
reetilu: efficers of the four troops a substantial entertain-
separla the riding-school, and before the assemblage hashLttJeci, the health of the Qui en and her itlustrious
Was heartily drunk, as well as the health
her', :(4euel- The officers dined together at the Saltis-
i,c-rrns Tavern.
tlattlla Morning, long before noon, the was
parkquick
atie,eerd with thousands of people, who came in
ty ihet?sn into the town from all parts of the coutr3e.
alighte itind PerrniSSiOn of the Noble Marquis not the
Pabeat obstruction was offered to the admission of the.
alent;' 4114 110 restriction was placed over their mor%s
rattlio!,u,e7ond that no one was allowed to transgauL. eipttt- se,,aonseanneyorthern court, which was amply fli
.0 sat
,
moderate desire.
the 3 a most beautiful day, the sun shining with all
seesertttarltt.h that could be expected in the autumn,
an er,i 4-tie Park in the northern direction presented
tiociti rested
r, ; appearance from the hundreds of strangers
tottner,le in parties to witness the bullock that was being
Ths" whole a short distance down the north lawn.
in
the e3lleen and his Royal Highness did not go out d
Pray;4l Part of the morning, nor did they atten
the nir! In the chapel. The Duke of Wellington and
the
of the guests staying in the mansion
F.
Plitithp t,ue service, which was performed hy the Revs. ' Ili '°,ll, assisted by the Rev. A. B. Starkey. .
the 4s4qat Highness Prince Albert, accompanied 13);
t° Rh -1.11'14 of Salisbury about half past ten went out
of „90t in the southern 'part of the park. The
John
ettusivoellington, the Marquis of Exeter, Lord
21
4. kin' Lord Charles Wellesley, the Earl Spencer, rd.
eoleaVoar, Mr. G. E. An-on, Colonel Buckley, air
Viali` Seymour were of the party. The battue was in
Ilearlyl,ealled Coombes-wood. Prince Albert killed
Was %Li 40 head of game, and the Duke of Wellington
Was
or i,79essful, considering that the Noble andhe Gallant
lt'llci not exert himself in the sport. Marquis
The result of
the elneter Made some excellent shots. ee,
o,4rngs sport was, on quitting the Tplantai4onpsaar!
tridese")elti a return of killed-158 pheasants,
hear, 152 rabbits, and 4 hares, giving
Shorti a total of 318
Ton, 1 Y after the shooting party returned to the man-
The r,ttoeheou was served in the winter dining-room.
ar • nee '
the it (teen and Prin Albert and other noble guests of
1,,_ cites, were present.
ttl'ille.iiztrieiatieses were ordered at three o'clock to take
la ale the company a drive in the
.park. In the
Hoge u populace had congregated in the park in
tll ambers, and had mostly assembl.ed
_in
ntrhe
Wher"n Court, and without its boundary in. the k,
Wereek,leveral carriages of the. neigthhbeouriag
agentryp"
north venue
Rer 1,1'91 up by the road leading to
half. Man
and the Prince Consort passed out at
Whichast three, o'clock, and entered the pony phaeton
Preceded been provided. The illustrious visitors were
r, the Marquis of Salisbury, Colonel Buc 1{
y,
the..`"Wenel Seymour, the Equerries in Waiting, and
After the Queen's
c "Val outriders in scarlet liveries.
arra
Lo d in Wkiting;
th. - Re were the Earl of M.orton, t
Iti• Marquis of Exeter, Viscount Ihnegestrre, and Mr.nJd.
fo, our, on
"•• Half horseback, and two open carriages a
IX, containing the Countess of Gainsborough, Lady
17aldred Hope, the Countess of Brownlow, Lady Charles
well 1
Lady Braybrook e, Lady Blanche Balfour,
ill'il the Hon. Dawson.
As the pony phaeton came by the western gateway,
and a
n ed through the north court to the north avenue,
the vast body of spectators saluted her Majesty and the
Itoyal Prince by loud and long protracted cheering, to
which plaudits the Queen and Prince condescendingly
responded by repeatedly inclining towards the multitude.
The Queen and party then proceeded to view the
ancient tree, so carefully preserved at the turn of the
northern and eastern avenues, called " Queen Elizabeth's
yak," from that Queen having been seated in the shade
°I Its b
, Urn rageous branches when the death of Mary was
„"linounced to her. We understand that her Majesty ex
au aced herself highly please.d. by the sight of the oak,
1,"" as a memento of her visit to the spot had a small
-4-4,.,„,
he ."Ll lopped from the trunk to be preserved. From
lien.ee the carriages were conducted to the vineyard to
ea"„he beauties of that fairy retreat. Her Majesty
and
1-Zrrince Albert alighted, and entered the gardens,
`t walked to the lower terrace, which give a good corn-
tattn(l. of the grounds. It may be as well to state that
thee vi of
is on a slope, at the bottom of which_. runs
olderttver Lee. As the Queen was there a desiccated
el of the hydrangea was presented to her Majesty.
float' Majesty appeared gratified at the gift, and gave the
ereol skeleton to her maid of honour. The party next
round the park, and in the course of the road saw The
ileilletiard oaks for which the park is so famous.
four, of party returned to the mansion at half-past
if after an agreeable drive.
titi,i" Duke of Wellington took equestrian exercise
his It
a the absence of the Queen, and wherever he made
ThlVearance he was enthusiastically cheered.
ere Poke of Rutland, the Marchioness of Exeter,
•calh"4o Russell, the Earl of Brownlow, the Earl
belt ""' and Lord Marcus Hill walked to Queen Elizabeth's
While
afterwards went over the vineyard.
m, de the royal party were absent in the park, the
114,:1ns of Salisbury's dependents were regaled on the
to s-t",,, /Ir- Parebroiher the land-steward, was present
ietteerintend this entertainment,' but it was far from
,eenreir,tings the bullock, which was roasted whole at
_an
'ouretbills fire nearly twenty hours, being greedily. de-
la th ". Str
.e f ong ale was supplied to those participating
The ease
house,
to of the Yeomanry Cavalry lunched at the
house
tbn'tlay, when they comprised Captains Paris,
Il )41% Str seY' M.P.,
'Le
.4..'
Ilal and Thornton ; Lieutenants
furry tt atton, Branton, and Gaussen e Cornets Sir
her teult, Bart., Lewis, Kinder, Pelly, Sir Robert
~seer Ncii.
,art., Xenable Crawley, and Parker. During.
'''and ~'"',,,aq's visit the Floddesden troop, under the eom-
ten vecl .`-•alatain. Paris, have mounted guard, and were
tcjs troop.in that duty this afternoon by Captain Thorn-
All
Thorn-
honour
debt Principal families of the county have been
-4 invitations as well as the clergy.

I,,Pt (~
CE —At the
" est (113ING AT BUCKINGIIAM-PALA •
the
itr„,, eliaster Court of Sewers, on Friday, M r. Blore,
4.:Titeet
employed to carry into effect the improvements
the
6 olura, Itera t i o n s in Buckingham Palaee, attendedf__
Woods
aim ti,at the instance of the Commissioners.
Sewers(lrats, to represent to the Commis
King's
sow
,that, during the late heavy rains, thero,
osioners of
keL.r 8 Pond Sewer, the only one for the servicew..,'
~,,te7takam Palace was so completely charged
the
ing frot)rntllteheerpowli. Of the arch, that all the water p
greatest inept aee was returned t.o it, causing the
impeding
the works
4-0-vvllvieemnce by the inundation, and _
by the e progress. lie was, therefore, instructed
fa le Qttraissioners of Woods and Forests. to apply
thro ft've to
lay down an independent drain below
titl3ll:lresent one to be available in case of a recurrence of
the ettyY rains, so that by the opening of the flood-gates
ora s'eeae of surface water may be discharged into the
titltiSluental water in t.
James's-park. By the adcy-
g of this course, in times of heavy rains, adr
g:tnf four feet lower than that possessed by the pre-
that in„e,ans would be effected. The Chairman remarked
t t Luis was
a special court, and that it wal unusual
I;)adatsite ally other business than that of which notice
re,d''aen given. Mr. Blore urged the necessity of un-
Latilakte proceeding, as the Operations of the works
disensusekeitli very
.considx-rably int: rrupted.
Commissioners
Portpart, ,in which several Hon. rooka
"t, the application of Mr Blore was granted. A re-
. was .
sevv, . received from the surveyor, on the state of the
Itrole IQ Grosvenor square, North Audley-street, and.
s
1,,..,()K-street. The report was received, and new work
,fre ordered to be done, the estimated cost of which
Zennts to 3,736/. In the course of the reading of the
YtPathatve"%atned report, it was stated that the sewers in
district had existed for upwards of one hundred
trts' but that the west side of Grosvenor•square, up
rlls time remained entirely unprovided for.
the. al" I\TEEDLE TRADE.
—The nedle-pointers and
ofotn. anufacturets of Bedditch are still at variance, and
itte latter have resolved the decisive measure of
Pl°3a.`-; uponchin,, supersede entirely the practice
L_n
0. . yto .
"4 d p 'nun so injurious to hie. IZEIE WIGANg' CHIMNEY--A chimney has lately
high erected by amist at Wigan which is 420 feet
i Vlci coucaine 3,000,000 bricks'

• ' ' ' I' . 1) :1
Jr•—• ',a...A

MA DRID.

On the lath instant a grand banquet was given in
honour of Mr. Cobden, at Madrid, by the members of
the " Spanish Commercial Association." The guests
assembled at half past six, among whom were D. Alvaro
Flores Estrada, the Spanish economist ; the Duke of
Sotomeyer, Spanish Ambassador to the English Court ;
and numerous other persons of distinction. Counts Santa
thane, Gonzala, and More!) y Pena Aguyac were pre-
vented from attending by different causes. The chair
was taken by S. Alvara, having on his right Mr. Cob-
den, Duke de Sotomayer acting tie vice-president. The
health of Mr. Cobd, n wes propesed by the President,
after a short and emphatic speech, in which he alluded
to the services rendered by air. Ceb,len to his country.
Mr. Cobden then reae and spoke in Enelish, as that lan-
guage was familiar to nearly all present. We give his
speech at length :
Gentlemen, it is with the deepest gratitude that I ac-
cept this manifestation of your sympathy ; I accept it
as a proof of your approbation of the principles of free
trade, avid of the means resorted to by the leaders of the
League in England. We stool up, gentlemen, as the
advocates of free trade, not in a party spirit, but in the
common interest of all ; and we obtained our end solely
by moral means, which deserve, I hope, the praise of
the honourable men of every country. From the very
beginning of the struggle we never entertained the
slightee& idea of having recourse to physical force ; we
placed our confidence in the strength of reason and ar-
gument. Our only weapon was the pen, our loudest
artillery the voice of our orators. We did not make
proselytes by force, but by conviction. Fur seven years
a fierce struggle was kept up amongst twenty-seven
millions of people, without shedding a single drop of
blood. The battle was lone and fierce ; but once
gained, the victory is eternal. All present are no
doubt well aware of the precise objet we had in view in
our struggle for free trade. We had, gentlemen, a great
principle in view. We demanded for every Englishman
the right of exchanging the produce of his labour for
that of every quarter of the globe. We demanded the
suppression of all protective duties. We said to our
iiovernment, you must not concede protection to this or
to that branch of industry to the detriment of another.
Equal justice to all classes is the great principle pro-
claimed by us. We demand for England the right of
buying Spanish corn and wool on the same terms as
similar productions in England ; we propose for the
sugars of Cuba the same right enjoyed by those of
Jamaica. We demand for the agriculturists the right
of buying articles of Spanish manufacture which they
may stand in need of, on the same footing as if they
were British produce. What we advocated has become
the dominating policy of the people of Great Britain.
Gentlemen, the cause of free trade is not confined
to one country alone, it is the cause of humanity
and civilisation all over the globe. And where may I
hope to meet with greater sympathy than in this illustri•
ous capital of the Iberian Peninsula ? To no country
does free trade offer greater advantages than to Spain ;
to no country has nature been so prodigal in her gifts.
Spain produces what other lands must acquire by labour
and by industry. Commerce is the exchange of articles
of equivalent value, and the nation that exports is, like-
wise, in the necessity of importing. There are indivi-
duals in every country who say, "We must produce
within our frontiers all that we stand in need of, and we
will be then independent of the stranger." If Providence
had meant such to be the case, it would have framed the
earth on a far different plan, and given equal advan-
tages of soil and clime to every nation. My country,
for instance, would have been gifted with the vine
and the olive, and other blessings denied to us, and
other countries would possess iron and coal mines which
so largely compensate with us the absence of other na-
tural productions. But no, Providence has in its wisdom
assigred peculiar productions to each land, so that
nations in acquiring the comforts of life might learn to
live united with each other in the bonds of harmony and
of peace. lam confident, gentlemen, that, before long,
this great nation will have emancipated its commerce
from the restrictions which, but a short thee since,
weighed upon the commerce of my own country. An-
other page of your history will be filled, like the immor-
tal pace which records that three centuries ago a great
roan left your shores to discover a new hemisphere. You
must not accuse me of detracting from the glory of that
great man, when I say that in my opinion the establish-
ment of tree trade will confer greater benefits on your
country than the di,covery of America. The genius
of Columbus procured to your country a large continent
exclusively inhabited by savage tribes ; free trade will
open to your enterprise a civilised world, and every
nation will press forward to off r you the various pro-
ductions of thir industry in exchange for those of your
fawn red and productive soil. I conclude, gentlemen,
said Mr. Cobden, in good Castilliau, "by drinking to the
universal adoption of free trade, the surest guarantees of
the peace of nations."
The meeting was then adressed by several Spanish
merchants and nobles, advocating the general principles
of free trade, and especially the liberty of discussion; at
the conclusion the meeting expressed its gratification at
the presence of its illustrious guest.