The Sun.
London, England, 1833-03-16 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

Very little progress was last night made in the
Irish Disturbances Bill. Only 3 clauses out of 41
were got through. Yet, notwithstanding this delay,
the Bill, we take for granted, will pass the House
of Commons, in spite of the repugnance to its prin-
ciples which pervades the whole liberal majority of
that assembly, and which has been frankly acknow-
ledged by the very Ministers, who felt themselves
constrained to bring in that unusual and most offen-
sive measure. It is certain that in the progress of
the discussions, both indoors and out, upon some of
its obnoxious clauses, the symptoms of an increasing
dislike to even the temporary admission of such in-
truders upon our domestic pol cy as courtsmartial,
domiciliary visits, and suspensions of the Habeas
Corpus Act, became more perceptible every hour ;
and we had hopes, nor many days ago, that the Bill,
ere it passed, would have been cleansed of most of
its unwholesome attributes. But, unhappily,rhe acti-
vity of murderous outrage in Ireland has proceeded
without a moment's relaxation. As if to refute all ob-
jections and all reasonings drawn from the spirit
of the Constiottion itself, and from general expe-
rience of its effieacy in the maintenance of order, anti
in the protection of peaceable and unoffending citi-
zens from violence,—as if to deride and mock the
'simpletons who love to cherish the forms of free-
dom, for the sake of that 'precious substance of
which they arethe types andguarantees, as if to take
away from English gentlemen, jealous of the rights
of their fellow-subjects, all pretence for further op-
position to this Bill, and from the Government all
excuge for fading to push it vigorously through the
remaining stages of legislation, the Irish ruffians and
assassins never once suspended the course of
their barbarities. To say nothing of outrages less
ethically timed, as well as less conspicuous from
the station and character of the victims, the
foul and brutal murder of Mr. Leonard tran-
spired in London just the day before that appointed
for going into Committee on the Bill, and the minds
of Members of Parliament were thus sickened by
fresh evidence of the audacious contempt for law
and confidence of impunity exhibited in the noon-
day murder of a gentleman whose only crime, it is
said, was that of threatening to recover by legal
process those arrears of rent which he hail no other
means of obtaining. We have more than once ex-
pressed a strong opinion upon the vicious and de-
grading relations between landlord and tenant in
Deland, especially the small tenantry; and no more
mischievous relation, perhaps, could be imagined,
except one which went so far, by way of remedy,
as to reverse in Colo that (bad as it is) which
now subsists, by fore bly ousting the proprietor from
all use and benefit of his own estate, and transferring
the land in full possession and property to the very
worst class of tenants who could be found for it,—
namely, men altogether reckless of shedding human
blood. It is plain that, however atrocious the system,
and most atrocious we think it, under which Irish land
has been let, no innocent man's life can be secure for
an hour, nor any personal free agency enjoyed, if the
Maddoxes are to be murdered for tutting a tenant-
less farm, and Mr. Leonard is to be butchered be.
fore 100 witnesses for demanding his rent when it
falls into arrear, and if the state of government and
of legislation, which is found to be incapable of pre-
venting or punishing such enormous wickedness, is
to be reasoned upon as if it were also not se-cep-
tible of any, even temporary, amendment. We differ
with Mr. Stanley as to the extent of remedial mea-
sures which ought to be adopted for Ireland; but it
is impo-sible to deny the substantial truth of his de-
claration, that if, as a general principle, no landlord
shall let his land, when out of lease, to• whom he
'pleases, and NU tenant take land from whom he plea es,
but both be subject to the arbitrary Will of third
parties, exacting their implicit obedience on pain of
death,—then all the rights of property are at once
destroyed, and law and order are a vain illusion.
Any temporary encroachment on the .freedom of the
subject, as warranted to him by the Constitution, is
an evil confessedly, of which the grounds alleged by
Government ought to be examined with the 'Amos,
strictness. But the question is, are any men, save
lawless criminals, now in the_enjoyment of any It ee-
dom whatever throughout Ireland ? Can the freqie nt
impunity of crime, through intimidation, he compa-
tible with the existence of any staie; and is not one
harsh and coercive, but at 'the same time transient,
law, a degree or two less formidable than the over-
throw and dissolution of society ? It is notorious that
the sentiments avowed by certain persons within the
walls of Parliament,—more particularly in the
stupid and false, as .well as offensive, parallels
which they have attempted between Irish crimes
and English,—have powerfully contributed to
swell that disgust—we may say, that loathing—with
which the savage dupes of their delegated agitation
in Ireland have of late inspired the great majority
of the House of Commons. The distinction between
crimes of violence in this country and in Ireland
is, that here they spring from motives peculiar to the
parties-who commit them, and are amenable to, and
adequately punished by, the law in its ordinary ope-
ration; whereas Irish-crimes are the acts of warfare
committed by classes against other classes, in a spirit
and for purposes which tend to the sub Version of
civil government, and: to the growth - of general
anarchy and confu.sion.- The tendency of the most
heinous 'crimes, even that of murder, and the diffi-
culty of dealing with their perpetrators, are altoge-
ther different in the two countries; that is the an-
swer to such innocent questions as are repbrted to
have been put in the House of Commons why mur-
der, and other abominations, of which, before and
since the days of the Bishop of Clogher, both the-c
countries, and especially the country of the Bishop.
have been alike the disgraceful scene, should not be
met, and will not be met, by a similar course of le-
gislation.—'Times.
In our Parliamentary report will he found an ac-
count of an act of munificence, which reminds us
of times when men, though less advanced than
ourselves in the arts of life, were often actuated by
more elevated principles. In moving the second
.reading of Sir John Soane's Bill, Mr. Hume stated
that Sir John had been engaged for thirty years in
collecting books, manuscripts, and antiquities, at a
great expense, and bad arranged them in the most
complete .order; so that at once reference could
be made for the attainment of any particular in-
formation. Having derived every thing from sci-
ence himself, Sir John Soane was willing to com-
municate the advantages of his researches, and the
museum he had formed, to others; and for that
purpose he now asked the House to pass this Bill,
which was to invest certain trus ees with the ar-
rangeMent of the museum, for she public benefit,
and to enable himself to complete his purpose of
investing 30,0001. in Three per Cent. Consols, the
interest of Which (9000, together with a sum of
2001. a-year, arising from the rent of certain
houses, he intended should be appropriated to
the maintenance of the museum for ever. There
are many individuals pos-essed of property in this
country, who have no relations for whom they care,
a and erns leave what they possess to strangers, for
whom they entertain little affection. In former
times it was more common for such persons to
bequeath their .property, or at least a great part of
it, to some public object. The gross misapproPrite.
tion of charities in England, and the shelter whicli
all peculators have found in the Court of, Chancery,
have, no doubt, been the chief cause of the aversion
to leave money for public objects. The inquiries insti-
tuted through Lord Brougham into the state of the
Charities in England and Wales led to exposures
which, by inducing the Legislature to render the
means of obtaining redress more easy, will, in time,
give people of property greater confidence that their
charities will not be misapplied. It is a great evil
that Lord A. or Sir John 11. swell their income at
the expense of some charity which they have
clutched; but the evil extends beyond the particu-
lar misapplication ; for it destroys the disposition-to
be charitable in all time to come. We hail with great
aatiafaction the liberality of air John 6toane, and
only fruit that it Will have the effect of inducing other
wealthy men, who have benefit ted by science; to evince
their gratitude to the giver. Of all goad, by comMiliti7,
eating to others the advantages which they them-

selves obtained. During Catholic times, the clergy
used to avail themselves of their influence with
dying persons, to induce them to leave part of their
estates to pious purposes. As everything may be
abused, there is no doubt that the clergy.occasionally
abused this influence. On the whole, however, the
good far more than compensated the evil. The
habit of Catholic times long outlived the Reforma-
tion; and it will be found that the greater part of
the most munificent of our charters were founded in
the course of the century which succeeded it. The
Protestant clergy continued the practice of their Ca-
tholic predecessors, in urging on dying men the im-
portance of leaving money to charitable uses. In a
volume published in 1667, by one of the ejected
Ministers, he laments that the sources of churches
were beginning to flow less abundantly than in
former times. But the following passage will show
that it was still considered little less than a crime to
die without bequeathing money to public objects.
Among the failings with which he reproaches reli-
gious professors, he enumerates this :—" By giving
all to your children, though the Church of God
bath more need of it. Hereby you evidence that
you prefer not Zion before your chiefest joy;
that you love the outward grandeur of your chil-
dren more than the prosperity of the Church. It is
a wonder (saith Mr. Baxter) how so many, seem-
ingly holy, can quiet their consciences in such a
sin as this is ! If one of you have two or three
hundred pounds per annum, it is a wonder if you
leave. an hundred priunds a year of it to pious to
charitable uses. Nay, do not parents leave all to
their children, when they have apparent proofs that
they will spend it in the service of hell ? 0! Let
parents
,tremble. 'What, wilt thou enable and
strengthen thy children to rebel against God ? put
fuel to the fire ? put swords into their hands to
fight against the Most High ?" This may appear
to some over zealous; but we confess we like such
a spirit better than the selfish cne which has taken
possession of men so genera ly it; our days. When
the peculators and robbers of the poor are checked
in their evil courses, the stream of beneficence will,
we trust, again glow in this laud. The reports of
the Charity Commissioners will not only obtain for
the people the advantage of former behests, but
also that of similar behests hereafter.—Morning
Chronicle.

The Gazelle of last night announces the dignity
of an Earldom conferred upon Lord Durham, which

will silence the invidious construction of the Toile.:
on his retirement from the Cabinet. Lord Thrham's
resignation is generally regretted, and will be deeply
lamented, by the Reformers more esp,cially, through-
out the kingdom. He has not only been distin-
guished for his political ability, hut for an undeviat-
ing integrity and sound judgment. His Lord,hip
is not a modern Reformer, carried down the stream
of public opinion, impelled by the rapid current of
recent political events, but from his entrance into
public life to the present moment, he sincerely and
ardently espoused the cause of liberty and the
people. Although, by situation and subsequent
rank, a member of the British aristocracy, he has
ever protected anal promoted the popular iroerest-.
At the outset of his Parliamentary career in
the House of Commons, he advocated a
Reform of the Representative System.
In 1821, Lord ,Durham (th,n Mr. Lamhiou)
brought forward a motion " for a Committee of the
whole House to consider the state of the represen-
tation of the people in Parliament;" and erif ,rced
the importance of Reform in a most able and

nous speech. The indifference and intlispasition of
all pa. ties at that period to di-cuss this viral gees-
riot' were di-played in the division on the adjirtirtied
debate, the motion being last by a majority of 12—
Ayes, 43; Noes, 55 I Lord Din bag) published his
speech, and in au Appendix printed his proposed
Bil—" For eff cling a Reform in the Represetra-
tion of the P. ople in Parliament." It is singular
that dui ing he discussions on the Ministerial Reform
alb: no allusion was made in Parliament, or by the
public press, to Mr. Lambton's intended 811 of
1821, which in many re-pests forms lite ground-plan
of n he English Ref°, m Ac', aid in some points might
have been preferably adopted. It proposed to di.
vide the cotontiy into electoral districts—it 117011111
have cut up by the roots the rotten and nomination
boroughs—it subdivided the county polling-places
—increa-ed the county constituency, and freed the
candidates from the expense of the machinery of
election. The Bill mo, cover contained a clause for the
triennial dissolution of Parliament, and provided t hat
every Member on taking his scat should make Lath
at the bar of the House that he had not bribed or
treated his constituents, or otherwise unconstitu-
tionally influenced their votes. Some leaves may
yet advantageously be taken from this plan of Re-
form, and at a future opportunity we shall recur to
the scheme as a valuable precedent for a " final"
amendment of the representation. On the forma-
tion of the present Cabinet, Lord Grey, Lord Al-
thorp, and Lord Durham, were the members of the
new Administration whose public characters assured
the country of the advent of a real Parliamentary
Reform. It is understood that the Premier com-
mitted to Lord Durham, in conjunction with l ord
John Russell, the te-ponsible and honourable task
of probing the practical evils of the representation,
and the suggestion of a proposition of Re-
form. We will venture to say, without any
invidious disparagement of the merits of
other Members of the Cabinet, that to Lord
D trharn the people are deeply indebted for a bold
and constant watchfulness of the firstborn measure
of the Cabinet, and especially for the unflinching
advocacy of the Metropolitan Representation. But
we need not cite further evidence of the character
of Lord Durham as a Reformer, than the notorious
hatred which the Conservatives have uniformly
borne to his Lordship. He has been the constant
target for their poisoned arrows of calumny and
malevolence; and his Lordship has proportionably
risen in public opinion as, tho-e public men
of popular professions become objects of suspicion
to the estimation of the Reformers whom the Con-
servative Journals adopt as an exception in their
system of vituperation. The retirement of Lord
Durham, we again repeat, is wholly unconnected
with political causes, and has been singly occasi,ined
by the stare of his health and his domestic bill ctions.
The time may come when Lord Durham will held
a high station in the Councils of the Nation.--
Morning Chronicle.
The success of Russian intrigue at Constanti-
nople is now as manifest as the honesty of its policy
in meddling at all in the Turkish riff ,irs had long
been a subject of suspicion and anxiety to the rest
of Europe. The Autocrat has at last got the game
of the Porte into his own hands, arid the aspira-
tions of Peter, the dreams of Catherine, and the
calculations of Alexander, are realised. Russia not
only has the ascendant in the Councils of the Sultan,
but has been invited to interpose its power to save
the falling thrcne of the descendant of Solyman
from utter prostration. It was just in the same
w,,y that, in a hapless hour, the predece-sor of
cholas was invoked to appease the troubles or
poor Poland; but Turkey seems not to have
learned a lesson from her betrayed and
ruined neighbour. The salvation of the Sultan
is claimed exclusively by Russ a, and, we be-
lieve, fairly enough; for, with the exception of
the spirited protest of M. Varennes, the French
Ch .rge d'Affaires, not a representative of an
European Power at Constantinople raised his voice
,gainst the very equivocal interference of Russia,
t,r seems to have been aware of its consequences_
Russia will be sore to put iis price upon this ser-
vice rendered to Turkey, and, in f.cr, the latter may
be looked upon as already within the claws of the
Northern Bear. The Joitrnal of St. Petersburgh, of
the 2d instant, contains what may be considered an
official narrative of all that has been done in this
marter—iis mocking, patronising spirit cannot fail
to be at once perceived " Since the conclusion of
the treaty of Constantinople," says this paper,
" above three years have elapsed, during which
time the Porte has scrupulously tulfitled all its engage-
ments. In the Polish revolution it refused to listen
to, OW .agents of the, insurrection, and preferred the
friendship of our Government to the perfidious pro-

, .
rinses of the authors of the mischief. Our Cabinet is
bound in honour to support a State which conscien-
tiously performs its engagements. On this principle
the Emperor resolved, on the commencement of the
Egyptian rebellion, to withdraw his Consul from
Alexandria; and this spontangous proof of the Empe-
ror's goodwill was gratefully received by the Sultan,
and suggested to him the idea of applying, in case
of need, to Russia. The Emperor, hearing of this
intention, proposed to comply with it, and sent Ge-
neralMutavieff to Constantinople. As the Egyptian
army continued to advance, arid threaten Constanti•
nople, the Emperor resolved to place a division of the
Black Sea fleet at the Sultan's disposal, in case the
capital should be endangered. The Porte, acknow-
ledging the value of this offer, hoped that the pro-
posals made to Mehemet Ali would lead to an
agreement. We were expecting the event and the
result of General Meravieff's mission, when a
courier from Constantinople brought word that the
Sultan, on the advance of the Egyplans upon
the road to Brassie saw the necessity of ap-
plying to Russia; and the Reis Effendi had,
on the 2d of February, de,iv•red a note to
our Ambassador, soliciting the aid of a squadron,
with 4,000 or 5,000 troops on board, and, besides
them, an auxiliary corps of 28,000 or 30,000 men
to advance from the banks of the Danube, for the
defence of the capital. The Emperor received the
application on the 12th (24th) February, and orders
were issued on the following day to hasten the mea-
sures requested by the Sultan. While these orders
were being made out, intelligence was received that
the fleet, under Admiral Lazarew, sailed on the
2d (14th) Feb., and the first orders sent to it by our
Ambassador, conformably to the instructions which
he had received. We hope that its presence, with the
measures taken at the request of the Porte, will serve
to check the progress of the Egyptian army, arid pre-
serve the East from the catastrophe which thr, at-
ened it. The E nperor is conscious of having done
every thing in his power to prevent this catastrophe.
We may flatter ourselves that our efforts till not
prove unavailing, as all the Powers of Eteope, guided
by the same Conservative principles, are equally
concerned with us in the necessity of arresting the
ambitious plans of the Viceroy of Egypt, arid to
secure peace and tranquillil in the East as soon as
possible." And a postscript adds—" News is this
momen' received by a courier who left Constantino-
ple the 7th February, that Gen. Muravieff had just
arrived from Alexandria, wlfere his mission had been
completely successful; the Pavia having immedis
ately engaged to submit to the Sultan, and to sus-
pend hostilities, and orders to that effect were de-
spatched to Ibialtim IPacha, in Gen. Muravieff's
presence. This important result being obtained, it
may he hoped that a written convention will put an
end to the troubles in he Oiwman Empire, a ter-
mination which will fulfil all the wishes of the Em-
peror. In this case, and as soon as the Sul ate de.
elates that the causes of his applying for the assist-
ance of Russia no long, r exist, the squadron, which
must be now at Constantinople, will be r.rdired to
return to Sebastopol, and the march Of the troops
by land stopped." This whole affair,.very adrei,ly
managed no doubt, has been the cause of much ex-
ultation at St. Petersbu gh ; but, as it is the pulley
of Russia to veil its deeply art bitious des,gns under
a show of moderation, ne shall, no doubt, soon see
the fruits of all this intrigue The affairs of the East
deserve to be looked to.—Morning Herald.

The time of the Hou e of Commons was occu •
pied last night in the discussion of one or two of
the clauses of the Irish E3illi and such progress was
made in the task . f getting the measure through
the Committee, that its opponents have little rea-
son to apprehend its becoming law during the pre-
sent year. Our readers are not annoyed with a
detailed report of the debate, the repr ere hav;niz
very judiciously contented themselves with giving
such a sample of it as would suffice to vindicate
their own good taste in the omission of all the
rest. The Irish Members are evidently deter-
mined to thlk against time. Hence, for instance,
their apprehension, which it required marry . words
to express, and many words to chviatei that
the verbal order of tt e Lord-Lieutenant given
to rtt e of his aides-de-camp or to his valet de-
chambre would be enough under the Bill, with-
out a more formal and public promulgation, to
constitute any assembly an illegal meeting, A mi.
nority, however insignificant, that is capable of
making such mistakes, and adhering to them with
due tenacity, may easily, it will at once be per-
ceived, defeat any Bill, against the sense even of
the strongest majority, when that majority has the
misfortune of being led by an Administration sO
destitute of sense and spirit as to permit the forms
arid orders of the House to be abused. A leader
of the House of Commons worthy of his station
would find means to prevent the object of discus.
sion from being defeated by the forms instituted to
protect discussion. taut the present leader of the
House of Commons is Lord Abhorp, and it now
seems certain that the most contemptible minority
ever seen in Parliament will be permitted so to
avail themselves of the privileges of debate as to
achieve a substantial triumph over the majority.
It will be perceived, that the run for gold upon the
Banks, a Jai obinical contrivance, by the aid of which,
in any country having a paper circulation, the
minority may dictate to the majority, or impose a
heavy penalty upon disobedience, has been resorted
to in. Ireland, at the suggestion of Mr. O'Connell,
to such an extent as to excite attention in Parlia-
ment. The subject in this instance fell into bad
hands, and was injudiciously treated, but it is one
which the Legislature must consider with a view to
the permanent protection of the community, unless
it be intended that the reckless shall, by mere dint
of their recklessness, and in proportion to-it, exer-
cise a paramount author ty in the community. If it
;be just and right to confer arbitrary powers upon
the Government in order to put an end to the reign of
terrorists and assassins, it is) by parity of reasoning,
just and right to atm Government with the means
of summary interference when, through the influ-
ence of the same demagogues who prompt to as.as-
sination and inspire terror, the honest tradesman is
threatened with ruin to his atf Airs, in consequence of
a sudden interruption of credit and circulation 4—
Morning Post

2.
COUNTY LOUTH CALENDAR.--Since tne
year 1826—a memorable era in the 61.-nnal4 of adiation—
the Louth assites have been maiden. What can Baron
&Mtn say to this?—Newry Examiner.

A 800K-STALL.—There is a class of street
readers Whom I can never contemplate without affection—
the poor gentry, who not having wherewithal to buy or
hire a book, filch a little learning at the open stalls, the
owner, with his hard eye, casting envious looks At then all
the while, and thinking *hen they will have done. Ven-
turing
tenderly. page alter page, expecting every moment
when
he shall interpose his interdict, and y-t unable to
"eny themselves the gratification. they " snatch a fearful
joy." MARTIN 8., in this any, by daily fraenitiits got
through two v.illitnes of Clarissa, when the stall keeper
damped his laud 11)1.• ambition by asking him (it was in his
younger days), whether he meant to purchase the work.
M. declarer, that under no circum•taneept of his lire, did be
ever peruse a book with half the satisfaction which be
took in those uneasy snatches.—Elia.

EXPORT EXTRAORDINARY AT GLAS-
GOW.—OiI Fiiday three was shipped on board the John
Wood steamer, for Liverpool, a new passa,e bost for one
of the Lancashire canals (we believe that hetw.en Man-
chester and Kendal). This vessel, seventy-six feet in
length, and six test broad. is eliantly ti ted up with airy,
I ght, and coinfiirtable cabins, in the style of a London
omnibus, and is capable of accommodating one hundred
and twenty pas‘engers. Though built of iron, it weighs
in whole (including fittings and glazing), only thirty-four
hundr. d weight, which is very little more than a common
stage-coach. She has been built by the artificers of the
Pa.sley can d boats, which, fur the last two years, have
been plied upon that canal, at the rate of ten miles an
hour, for fares of about three f.rthings a mile. We under•
stand that boats of this description are to be established
iso" dtobreie,Ditukme uostt necess 'lily
Bridgewater's canal, and as soon as this
eff ct a reduction of at l. ast
one half on the fares at present exacted by the coaches and
the railw my cariiages. This will s,ve Irmo 20,0001. .0
30,0001. a year parties travelling between Illaneheattr
and Liverpool.... Glasgow Chronicle.