The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, NOV. ME3ER 2, 1846.

with the deliberate recommendations of the Lords
and Commons until winter is considerably advanced;
they have resolutely adhered to the principles so re-
cently established by the Legislature in regard to the
continuance of moderate and temporary duties upon
the importation of foreign grain, and this notwith-
standing the recommendations of a specious panic and
the entreaties of a deluded people. In these impor-
tant determinations of the Ministry we recognise
both sagacity and independence.
With reference particularly to the abandonment of
the miserable duties still levied upon foreign pro -
visions, it must be observed that such a proceeding
could only be justified by the most imminent peril.
Until within the last few days the prospect afforded
by the corn-market could scarcely have been
more perilous. Famine prices appeared inevitable.
Starvation had already commenced in Ireland ; evi-
dences of scarcity were beginning to present them-
selves in England. Everything combined to justify
the Government in entering upon some remarkable
adventure for the removal of these impending diffi-
culties. Circumstances have demonstrated the
impolicy of any such an interference with
the enactments formally passed by Parlia-
ment. The deficiency is demonstrated to
have been superficial. Instead of our granaries
being nearly exhausted, they are shown to be excel-
lently stocked. The holders cf wheat and flour,
whether farmers, or millers, or speculators upon the
corn market, were proved to have forced provisions up
to their present high prices, not in consequence of an
immediate or even a prospective deficiency, but be-
cause they reserved their supplies till something ap-
proaching to a famine price had been reached. This
shameful deception, however, has been divulged
long before its originators had anticipated. An ex-
tensive importation of American provisions, and a
prospect of further cargoes from Hamburgh, have
dissipated their anticipations of an exorbitant profit-
Grain will necessarily be rendered cheap by this com-

and never ought to be, considered tLeir province.
The law of self-preservation, evoked by the great
warning of nature herself, prompts us now to resort
to other means than those which the agriculturists
of Ireland have unfortunately of late years so exten-
sively encouraged, for guarding ourselves against the
recurrence of the cumulative disaster that has over-
taken us, and especially on the other side of St
George's Channel. And this brings us to the letter
which has been written by Lord JOHN RUSSELL to
the Duke of LEINSTER on the state of Ireland.

The letter is addressed to his Grace as the head of
the Royal Agricultural Society. It is peculiarly
well-timed—is fraught with wholesome and states-
manlike instruction, and is well calculated to put
down extravagant expectations. It seems to convey
a mild rebuke to the Irish landlords, and should con-
vince them that they have looked to the Government
to perform what it was not only unreasonable in
them to surmise they would do, but what it is really
impossible for any Government to accomplish. After
lamenting that the landed proprietary should have
taken a wrong view of the Labour-rate Act, by sup-
posing that public works alone would offer the
readiest means of diminishing the difficulties of a
starving and unemployed population—the intention of
the Legislature having been, that such were only to
be undertaken to employ surplus labour after the
owners of the soil had commenced drainage and other
improvements on their own account,—Lord Joiix ex-
presses his sorrow that, in several parts of Ireland,
calls are made upon the Government to perform tasks
which are beyond the power, and apart from the
duties, of Government :

" For instance, it seems to be expected that wr should
not only pay at an unusual rate of wages, but that we
should maintain, in this time of scarcity, the usual price
of food. A moment's thought will show that this is im-
possible. A smaller quantity of food is to be divided
among the same number of human beings. It must be
scarcer—it must be dearer. Any attempt to feed one
class of the people of the United Kingdom by the Go-
vernment would, if successful, starve another part—
would feed the producers of potatoes, which had failed,
by starving the producers of wheat, barley, and oats,
which had not failed. All that we have undertaken with
regard to food, therefore, is to endeavour to create a pro-
vision trade, at fair mercantile prices, where no provision
trade has hitherto existed, and where, without assistance,
none might he willing to undertake a new and unpopular
occupation."

petition; indeed, indications of a decrease have
already become apparent in the Liverpool market—
flour having been offered at a diminution of Is. 6d
per barrel, and wheat hating declined in several
instances is. per quarter. In that port the introduc-
tion of American provisions has been most encou-
raging and extensive. Within the course of Wednes-
day and Thursday alone the following quantities were
registered :-50,500 bushels of wheat, 6,400 barrels
of flour, 7,500 bushels of Indian corn, 600 casks of
beef and pork, with 370 barrels of hams. Nor are
these the only testimonies of the certainty with
which we may rely upon the corn-growers
and cattle-feeders of other countries, to com-
pensate these islands for the deficiency pro-
duced by the extension and virulence of the potato
murrain. Not merely are we receiving abundant
supplies from the western hemisphere, not only is
there a great probability of further assistance of a
similar character being derived from llamburgh, but
extensive imports are being registered as arrived
from the wharves of Odessa. And all this, be it
especially rea- arked with the duties at the lowest
points ; with an increase equivalent to 719,042 barrels
of flour within a given week of this above a corre-
sponding one in 1845, at New York ; with the most
abundant harvest that has possibly ever been known
in Podolia and the Ukraine, and the exuberance of
which, if conveyed along the execrable roads that
lead to Odessa, and thence shipped to Great Britain,
would almost afford of itself a sufficiency for our
necessitous consumers.

Here we perceive the Minister wisely solicitous
against interfering with the merchant ; but he tells
the agricultural body that individual and social exer-
tions may do what the Government cannot ; that they
can, through committees of their own, supply shops
with flour at a fair price, to be disposed of at a mode-
rate profit ; and that this has been done in Scotland,
where the potato calamity has been keenly felt. Even
this Lord JOHN admits is inconvenient with respect to
the market price of food, and is evidently only recon-
ciled to it upon the ground that under existing
circumstances "the good overbalances the evil."
His Lordship exhorts them to rely on their own
energies, to be judiciously exerted in their several
localities, and well observes, that "the interference
of the State deadens private energy, prevents fore-
thought, and, after superseding all other exertion,
finds itself at last unequal to the gigantic task it has
undertaken." The Irish must help themselves, and
e do not distrust the great holders of their
land ultimately discharging the momentous
duties that have devolved upon them to the admira-
tion of the present and future generations. They
are, as yet, staggering beneath the heavy affliction
that has covered the land, and much allowance must
be made for the natural dismay that has
overtaken them. Let them but only do
all that can be fairly expected from them,
and England, as heretofore, will not be found want-
ing to give Ireland every assistance to carry her
through the dreaded ordeal. But, as the Premier
writes, " unless: all classes co•operate, and meet the
infliction of PROVIDENCE with fortitude and energy,
the loss of the potato will only aggravate the woes
and sufferings of Ireland."

With all these indisputable assurances of the
abundance of provisions already accumulated in our
markets, or thronging into our ports, with a know-
ledge that the diminished duties at present levied
upon foreign produce, is proving no hindrance whatever
to importation, and bearing in recollection that most
consolatory fact, that with a renewal of the potato dis-
ease there has been likewise an unusual excellence in
the quality of wheat, it is impossible to regard the
recent decision of Government as other than the
one most recommended by prudence, and as a resolu-
tion in no possible manner opposed to generosity.
Seeing that the present fragment of protective im-
posts would, if under existing circumstance re-
moved, be tortured into the emolument of the mono-
polist speculators, instead of diminishing the burden
upon the consumer, it would be worse than frivolity
and the very height of intemperate pertinacity to
persist in demanding its remission.
As to the extended prorogation of Parliament,
nothing need surely be said in extenuation, or we
should rather say in commendation, of that arrange-
ment. At a juncture when it is so advisable, and,
in some cases, especially in Ireland, so imperatively
necessary for the representatives and the hereditary
legislators to be among their constituents, or among
their immediate dependents, it would be a most
grievous cruelty to summon those influential individuals
from the arena of their real usefulness to the shivering
desolation of St. Stephen's. Circumstances of an
unprecedented and embarrassing nature would of
course justify even that most grievous determination,
ifut, without those circumstances, an Administration
would be most culpable in prematurely summoning
the Members of the two Houses. IVhen
such terrible calamities are afflicting the
United Kingdom ; when Ireland especially is sub-
jected to miseries more intolerable than those so
long and patiently borne by that unfortunate country ;
when the unemployed peasantry require the super-
vision of every intelligent mind, and the solace of
every sympathising nature ; when the violation of public
peace is threatened, and the rights of property are no
longer acknowledged by the starving and destitute, it
i 3 at that moment more especially than at any other
that the prorogation of the Imperial Parliament is
most advisable, it is at that moment that the distri-
bution of its elected and hereditary Members among
their indigent fellow-countrymen is most wise and I
most beneficent.

The vast importance of the subject introduced by
Mr. JAMES STEWART in his "Address to the Mem-
bers of Agricultural Societies and others interested in
Land," which appeared in The Sun of the 23d inst ,
has, as might reasonably have been expected, excited
much attention. Many communications have singe
appeared from time to time in the public press in
reference thereto, in one of which the character and
acquirements of Mr. STEWART as a legal practitioner
have been most gratuitously and wantonly assailed by
a gentleman of his own profession, who dates from
Lincoln's Inn, and signs himself " A Conveyancer."
Any person who puts himself prominently forward
for the amelioration of abuses, who proposes great and
comprehensive measures of reform, by which the
intererts or prejudices of any class may be affected or
offended, may make himself perfectly certain that he
will be exposed to the most virulent attacks on everypos -
sible point. It requires no small amount of moral courage,
and an anxious desire for the public welfare, to induce
any gentleman to come prominently before the public,
and thus to invite a criticism, not merely on the pro-
positions he thus enunciates, but also on his motives
and general character, however foreign the intro-
duction of the latter topics may be to the abstract
question.

Mr. STEWART, however, appears to have anticipated
he consequences, and to have fully made up his mind
o this result in his second letter, which appeared
simultaneously with that of " The Conveyancer."
lle says—
" Remember that in proposing great changes I am
affecting not only the interests of many thousands of
persons, but those of the most learned and the most
subtle f men. Remember that my proposals must not
only be proof against all that ingenuity, experience,
and knowledge can suggest, but they are also exposed
to all that malice can invent—all that jealousy can in-
spire. Remember that it has usually been the fate of
those who have advanced truths opposed to the seeming
interests of particular classes to have the fire which can-
not be effectually directed against their measures turned
on themselves. Remember that this may possibly happen
in the present case. Neither must I forget that persons
who have proposed reforms as great and as useful as I
believe those which I propose to be, have struggled all
their lives to establish them, and have passed their whole
existence under the shade of calumny. This may pos-
sibly be my own fate, although so far I have no reason
to fear it. But he who ventures to lead an assault must
take his chance of being thrown down ; and it is over
his body that others mount to the breach which he has
made, and thus obtain the victory."
And he deprecates the attack of those who believe
that their own interests are bound up in the present
system, and with great justice inquires as to what
could possibly influence him to injure tLe profession
of which he is an eminent member. lle asks—
" What motive can I have in urging a measure in-
jurious to my own branch of the profession ? If there
be poison in the cup which I ask my brethren to drink,
I myself must suffer from its contents. Let us, then,
approach- this inquiry with calm and unprejudiced
minds, and I am sanguine enough to hope that all
classes will be benefited by it, and the legal profession
among others."
This is a pertinent interrogatory, and one which it
will be hard for his assailants to answer. Mr.
STEWART, however, may rest contented; his reputa-
tion has been too firmly established to suffer from
anonymous attacks. It is a sound rule, that may in
the great majority of instances be fully relied on, by
which a person, wholly ignorant of the subject-matter
of dispute, may know that the person who gets angry,
and descends to personalities and the free use of in-
vectives, while his opponent remains cool and collected,
has the wrong side of the question to argue. It is
an easy substitute for reason and argument, which
few well-disposed persons will condescend to use
until wholly defeated by the weapons of truth and
justice. We shall not say anything of the good taste
or gentlemanly feeling of the man who shoots his
poisoned arrows at a rival practitioner from under a
mask.
Does it, however, require any knowledge of lega

The present Administration has regarded matters
as altogether superior to the interests of individual
statesmen. It has endeavoured to combat with the
infinite difficulties of this period, and it has striven
so to do not by yielding to a specious and clamorous
panic, but by modulating its conduct to the absolute
necessities of the times.

The mind of the statesman can be imbued with no
more valuable principle than that of interfering as
little as possible with the people in the management
of their own affairs ; and the value of this political
precept has never been more satisfactorily proved
than 'when it has been deviated from in matters affect-
ing the trade and commerce of the c3untry. There
is no rule without an exception, and the circum-
stances should be extraordinary indeed to warrant a,
departure from established usage in reference to
mercantile operations. Moreover, not only should
the circumstances be almost startling in their
novelty to justify the interposition of the
Executive, but, unless the means for effectu-
ating the interference be selected with the greatest
judgment, and prosecuted with the utmost circum-
spection, public embarrassment of an extensive and.
deplorable character would be the inevitable conse-
quence. Last year the Government had the earliest;
and most authentic information of the partial and
generally menaced failure of the potato crop. With.
a laudable regard for protecting the Irish as much as.
possible against the horrors of famine, the Adminis-
tration pursued their inquiries with incessant anxiety..
Sir R. PEEL proved himself equal to the crisis. The 1
Government completed large and secret purchases of
Indian meal, which happily reached our shores at the
very time when actual starvation stared thousands of the. i
Irish in the face. The admirable manner and the bene- t
volent spirit which governed this proceeding of the
Executive, drew forth the warmest eulogium from men

of every political shade; because, independently of the technicalites or legal subtleties to understand fully
seasonable relief it afforded at a moment when the. I how loud is the demand for some change by which, as
greatest alarm had stricken Ireland to her very Mr. STEWART most happily terms it, "a free trade in
heart, the legitimate operations of trade suffered no. . land itself" may be obtained. There is an imperative
derangement, in consequence of the secret and ener— necessity for the adoption of some means by which
getic mode in which the charitable foresight of the land can be acquired or disposed of, or changed with
responsible advisers of the Crown were carried out.- : the repayment of a sum of money, more easily and at
But the circumstances of the present year are essen- f a more moderate expense than is at present the case.
tially different from what they were a twelvemonth ' The very best security that could by a possibility
back. What Sir ROBERT PEEL did then, and
witheold such eminent success, Lord JOHN RUSSELL be offered would be the real property of the country,
.if facilities were given for its transfer or disposal.
of food to thehea
mischief. The
do now without producing the greatest
Irishw fuwl
as visitationt.h en nouponnovel
a nt
dh e
ucnhei exfpe
c articleted ; How: important would it be to the owners of the soil,
iif they could readily obtain a sum sufficient to enable
it has now become notorious, and the healthy cultiva- them to carer
pout improvements beneficial to them-
tion of the potato can no longer be relied upon. Go- elves and properties, but which, from the enormous
vernments cannct constitute themselves the general ' Pro'
ex Dense attendant on a transfer of that description of
perty, either by way of mortgage or absolute sale,
and permanent purveyors of the people. Such is not, & Iviiiil -311 in nine cases out of ten acts as an absolute

prohibition to :le arr, bor- .
rower or lender, they are unable to obtain, except by I
having recourse to a ruinous system of bill dis-
t counting, that must be carried on through
he most objectionable channels—as by a
very proper rule of the banks, they are excluded
from the accommodation which is only afforded to
the legitimate operations of trade. The effect of this
restriction is most injurious to the landowners them-
selves; and yet it is supported and sustained by a
certain class. And why? because it tends to the
aggrandisement of great houses ; it leads to the ac-
cumulation of the landed property of the country in
fewer hands ; it efiectually prevents the small capi-
talist from investing the money for which, in a few
years, he may again have occasion, in the purchase of
land ; or the retired tradesman from thus disposing
of the savings of his industry, if, after his death, he
should wish them distributed amongst several chil-
dren or other relatives. Besides, a class, of all others
the most desirable for the country to obtain—a body
of independent yeomanry, or small landowners, is
thereby prevented from starting into existence.
Why is it that such persons, who are so
numerous in other countries, and who form
so valuable a portion of the communities they in-
habit, are so few in this country ? The answer is
plain. From the legal expenses of the transrer, and
the uncertainties of the title, the remedies for the
mischief would appear to be, therefore, the diminu-
tion of the expenses and the simplifying the nature
of the title, so as to afford greater security to the
purchaser in the property he has acquired. Many
say this cannot be safely done ; that any attempt to
tamper with or alter the laws relating to real pro
'Arty, will be productive of greater mishief than the
evils it is intended to counteract. We must, how-
ever, be permitted to doubt this assertion. We see
that it has been done in other countries'; we see it
in France and Belgium, and we cannot conceive
what there is in this kingdom to render
that impossible in England which has there
been so easily attained. The point is
most assuredly worthy of receiving a full and
searching, a competent and disinterested inquiry.
That is all that Mr. STEWART at present asks for—he
does not put forward the details by which he pro-
poses to effect the ameliorations he speaks of', but he
professes himself to be ready to do so at the proper
time. We doubt not his will, or his ability ;we feel
that should he succeed in the herculean task he has
taken upon himself he will deserve well of his coun-
try; and we feel assured that a fair field at least will
be afforded to him, that the irresistible voice of public
opinion will demand the fullest inquiry and investi-
gation.

Letters from Trebisonde of the 20th of September
state that the cholera has passed the line of the Rus
sian quarantine on the borders of the Caspian Sea,
and is raging throughout all the Tartar villages of
the districts of Salgau and Leukeran. The sanatory
state of all the towns west of the Caspian, from
Bakou to Astrachan, is reported to be very un-
favourable.

r, :,f, -ft
alliance would pace France in the wzLae of
land. No one in France, neither King nor Ministe, s
can entertain any allusion as to the impossibility of evt-r
establishing a cordial and sincere alliance between France
and England. France is convinced that she must return
to her natural alliances with the states of the Continent.'
This, then, is the absolute negation of all entente cordiale.
But this is not enough. England must fall, and this
power can fall only under the triple alliance, which will
one day be formed to combat against her between her
three natural enemies—France, Russia, and the United
States.' Such is the opinion of the second interpreta-
tion. It is candid, openly hostile, and if we do not
perfectly accord with it as to the means, the object is
agreeable to us. But which of these two policies is now
that of the system? The first or the second? Is M.
Guizot, who has had the honour of inaugurating the
first, going to place the second on indissoluble founda-
tions? This ought to be explained, for the public is
curious to know and has a right to be informed. We
have been English during sixteen years to a shameful
degree. Are we now to become madly Russian? Is
M. Guizot, the enemy of Mr. P, lk, M. Guizot, the in-
ventor of the famous American equilibrium, M. Guizot,
the author of half of the ridiculous intrigues in the
affair of the Texas, about to open his arms to Mr. Polk,
to proclaim the glory of the vagabond people, and lend
his hand to the conquest of California? Oh dear! Let
this be said, and then let us be allowed the pleasant pas-
time of laughing a great deal without becoming too
proud !"
The Duke and Duchess DE MONTPENSIER left
Bayonne for Pau on Wednesday.
The price of wheat is increasing everywhere
throughout France. In the Paris market on Wed-
nesday the price rose I.f. for every hectolitre and a half.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Thurs-
day at 82f. 90c. ; the Five per Cents., 117 f. 90c.; the Or-
leans Railroad Shares, 1,2501 ; Rouen, 917 f. 50c.; Havre,
702 f. 50c. ; Great Northern, 687 f. 50c.; Avignon, 890 f. ;
Vierzon, 582 E 50c.; Bordeaux, 5421. 50c.; Fampoux, 4051.;
Dieppe, 3601. ; Paris and Strasburg, 492 f. 50c.; Tours and
Nantes, 5011. 25c.; Paris and Lyons, 5161. 25c.; Lyons and
Avignon, 4951. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 4771. 50c.; Spanish
Domestic Debt, 331/2.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, OCTOBER 30.

Dutch Rhenish, 51e—Great Western Canada, —Louvain ala
Sambre, 134—Luxembourg, I 4—Namur and Liege, 3%—Northern of
France Constituted, 11%—Orleans and Bordeaux, 71,6—Paris and
Lyons Constituted, 5% —Paris and Rouen, 361/, —Rouen and Havre,
2634—Sambre and 31euse, 4%—Nest Flanders, 3.

THE HERTFORDSHIRE YEOMANRY.—Her Majesty
on leaving Hatfield was escorted by the Herts Yeomanry
to Rickmansworth, where a party of the Uxbridge Yeo-
manry, under the command of Mr. Cox, relieved them,
and escorted her Majesty to Uxbridge. At Uxbridge a
troop of the Uxbridge Yeomanry, under the command of
Captain de Burgh, formed a guard of honour, and re-
ceived her Majesty, the band of the regiment playing
the National anthem during the time they were chang-
ing the horses of the royal carriages, and upon her
Majesty proceeding a party of the corps had the honour
of forming the escort to Langley, where it was relieved
by the Ist Life Guards.
THE LATH MR. W. H. WILLIAMS, COMEDIAN.—
This well-known actor expired at four o'clock on
Thursday morning, at his residence in Amwell-terrace,
Pentonville. Mr. Williams was born at Weston, Sower-
setshire, in 1792. He tried his 'prentice-hand at Ber-
wick-street, the Minor, Catherine-street, and other
private theatres, and was then engaged by Mr. Beverly,
at the Tottenham-street The itre, Tottenham-court-road,
as a comic singer. With that manager he went to
Richmond. Woolwich, Creydoo, &c.; from there he pro-
ceeded to Nottingham, and became a favourite in Man-
ley's circuit ; this led him on to York, from whence he
progressed to London in Elliston's famous after season
(1820). He made his first appearance at Drury-lane, as
Risk, in Love Laughs at Loc .smichs, and was engaged
t'or five years. He generally acted as a substitute for
Munden, Dowton, Harley, Knie;ht, and Oxberry, the
Ider. He had a quarrel with 'Elliston, left Drury, and
took to the minors, appearing at Astley's, the Surrey,
Coburg, Sadler's Wells, &c. In conjunction with Mr.
Fitzwilliam, he took a theatre at King's cross, origi-
nally, opened by Lanza. This place he called the Pan-
haramnion ; he. then, still aided by his fair coadjutor,
took Sadler's Wells, but the speculation was not produc-
tive. Under tie auspices of James Wallack he visited
America, and was for some time a great favourite in
New York. Previous to leaving England, he had given
entertainments a la Matthews, relieved by conjuring,
performances on the musical glasses, &c. &c. These
things he also attemptad in different parts of the United
States, but not with any great success. Latterly he
appeared at Niblo's Gardens. As a comic singer he was
appreciated both here and at the other side of the
Atlantic. In the Southern States his health visibly
declined, and he returned to England completely shat-
tered. He re-appeared at Sadler's Wells, and for some
time drew crowded houses ; but it was soon evident that
his constitution had sustained a shock from which it
could not rally. He has left a widow and four children,
the eldest twenty-two, the youngest nine years of age.
Mr. Williams was married twice, but had no issue by his
rirat

ADERYSTWITH, OCT. 25.—The weather for the
oast week has been exceedingly stormy, accompanied
with heavy rain, also the sea in the bay running very
high; we have not been visited for many years with
such a storm, and continuing for so many days. On the
morning of the 23d, the schooner Three Sisters, Davies
master, of this port, kelonging to James Davies, Esq
(Green), ran for this port, with loss of standing jib,
1 topgallant sail, and bulwarks ; being late on tide, she
grounded on the north side of the entrance of the
harbour. The life boat was in immediate attendance,
and put on board extra men and ropes to steady the
vessel. In consequence of the heavy floods in the
river, caused by the rains, the boat was unable to get
over the pier ropes ; therefore a line was fired by the
cannon on the pier used for such occasions to the vessel,
and a communication was thus obtained. During the
evening tide she was hauled off into the channel, and im-
mediately filled. Every exertion is being made to get her
discharged and removed. Upon inquiry we find she is
from Pentowyn, for Liverpool; cargo, china clay. During
the afternoon a brig and schooner were observed on
shore to the north-west, about six miles distant from
this port ; both were running for the Dovey, although
nearly low water. The schooner, being some distance
ahead of the brig, grounded at the mouth of the river
Dovey, and went to pieces ; crew saved by the life-boat.
The brig, seeing the distressed situation of the schooner,
let go her anchors and rode out the gale. Yesterday,
the 23d, signals of distress and assistance were observed
flying on the masts, and great praise is due to the extra-
ordinary exertion and manly conduct of Willoughby
Miller, Esq., solicitor, who collected a boat's crew, and
extra sailors, and put off to the brig, although the sea
was running high and a stiff breeze of wind at the time;
in about two hours, after great exertion, they reached the
brig in safety, and were received with a hearty welcome,
for the crew were completely exhausted, and unable to
do duty, and the vessel making water. Mr. Miller
having left five men on board to assist the crew, the
brig soon got under weigh. The wind having shifted and
become fair, she proceeded on her voyage. On the re-
turn of Mr. Miller, he stated the brig was the Emerald
of Scarborough, about 600 tons burden, wheat laden,
from Odessa, for Liverpool. At daybreak on the morn-
ing of the 23d a barque was observed drifting for the
shore about three miles and a half south of this port.
Immediately the life-boat was manned, and horses put
to the carriage and sent overland to the barque to render
every assistance. Before they reached the spot, the ves-
sel drove up the bead:e'en high that the boat was not re-
quired. Upon inquiry we find that she is the Tamer-
lane, about 700 tons burden, Captain Ackland, from
Liverpool, for New Orleans, cargo rock salt, with the
loss of chains and anchors, and likely to become a total
wreck. During the day two large vessels were in sight
outside the Patches, and during the lull of the gale they
set sail and stood out for the Channel.
PRISONERS' CONFESSIONS.—A long discussion took
place at the recent Qearter Sessions for West Sussex,
between the chaplain of the prison, Mr. Longshaw, and
the visiting magistrates of Petworth House of Correc-
tion, respecting the course to be taken by chaplains of
prisons relative to confessions made by prisoners to the
spiritual heads of prisons. It appears that a man nanted
James Steer is now waiting his trial at the assizes,
having been apprehended by a bench warrant, signed
by Lord Denman, on a charge of conspiring for the
parpose of obtaining from Percy Burrell a large sum of
money, to prevent an unnatural offence being charged
against Min. The prisoner, it appears, made. a confes-
sion to the chaplain with a view to restitution to a
person whom he had formerly injured, and the chaplain
carried the confession out of the prison in order to carry
the wishes of the prisoner into effect. A letter written
by the prisoner, and passed by the chaplain, was detained
by the governor, and the whole affair then came under
the notice of the visiting justices, who reported their
opinion to the Court that the chaplain had been guilty
of great indiscretion. The chaplain contended for the
inviolability of the confession, and maintained his
right to carry out the penitential resolutions of a pri-
soner in the way of restitution, without becoming the
accuser of the penitent, or what would amount to the
same thing, making the confession known to the visiting
magistrates, since they would be bound. to carry the law
into force. The whole court was against the chaplain,
Mr. Sergeant D'Oyly, the chairman, and the other
magistrates, holding that the chaplain was bound to
divulge nothing, but that if he desired to use such con-
fession out of a prison he must first submit it to the
visiting magistrates. The chaplain said he had acted
conscientiously. This was_ a spiritual matter, and he
owed obedience only to his spiritual superior, the bishop
of the diocese, to whom he was willing to refer the ques-
tion. The chairman thought the chaplain, by accepting
office in the gaol, owed obedience to the visiting justices
and the prison rules. It was at length arranged that
the subject should stand over for consideration till next
ession, the in agreeing to act on the opinion of
she visiting justices, should another such case occur.
PERSECUTION AND EXPULSION OF TUE MORMONS.
At length the consequences of citizen being armed
against citizen have terminated in a conflict between the
Mormons and anti-Mormons, in which four or five per-
sons have been killed, and several wounded. The imme-
diate result of this intestine war is the expulsion of the
Mormons, who surrendered to the Illinois mob on the
16th of September, and evacuated Native°, intending to
follow their brethren into the wilderness. Five Mor-
mons remain at Nauvoo to sell their property. For some
years past a determined body of men have organised to
compel the Mormons to abandon their homes and pro-
perty, and after assassinating their prophet, and part of
his family, have actually compelled 20,000 Mormons to
flee to the wilderness in poverty and destitution, to leave
their well cultivated farms, and from competence, ease,
and comfort, they are reduced to the condition of
wretched outcasts. The few remaining to guard their
costly temple and other property have been assailed and
murdered, and the State authorities, who were bound
to protect them, surrendered them a prey to their furious
opponents,