The Sun.
London, England, 1848-07-17 00:00:00

-- •
C.
64,

,177-7 .3 Eg 74,
LONDON, MONDAY I.*.fi rU.

No, 11,412.]

PUB LICA TIONS.

Just published, in 2 vols. post Svo. with Plans, price 18e. Cloth,
KETCHES of the CAST NAVAL WAR.
Translated from the French of-Captain E. JURIEN 1)E LA.
GRAN iERE; with:an Introducticm and Explanatory Notes, by the
Hon. Cap..ain PLUNKET r,
" A desirable, interesting, add intelligent addition to the histories
of the last naval war."—M"orning Advertiser..
Captain Plunkett is catitled to thanks for having introduced these
historical sketches to the English reader it an English dress. The
narrative has great literary merits."—Spectater.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Lon-mans.
By the same Author, post Bvo., Bs. Gd.,
The PAST and the FUTUBE of the BRITISH NAVY. Second
Edition, with Notes, and new Information.

THE DOCTOR, Ere., IN ONE VOLUME.
Just published, in vinare crown Svo., with Portrait, Vignette, Title-
psge, and Bust of•the Author, price 215., cloth,
THE DOCTOR, &c. By the, late ROBERT
SOUTIIEY. A New Edition, complete in One Volume.
Edited by the Author's Son-in-Law, the Rev. JOHN WOOD
WAITER.
" As delightful a multum in pam of quaint gossip, amusing anec-
dote, thoughtful reflection, and quite wonderful stores Of various read-
ing, as any book existing in the language."—Examiner.
London : Longman, Brown, Orden, and LO-tgillallS.

TEIE SCHLE --WIG4IOLSTEIN 'WE ST EON.
Published this day, in Bvo., price 6s. 6d. cloth.
ON the RELATIONS of the DUCHIES• of
SCHLESWIG- and HOLSTEIN to the CROWN of DEN-
MARK and the GERMANIC CON FEDERATION, and on the Treaty-
Engagements of the (heat rftro'pean Powers In Teference thereto.
By TRAVERS TWISS, D.C.L.,‘FIt.S., Fellow of University College,
Oxford; sod Advocate in Doctors' Commons. •
London Longman, Brown, Green, and Longnians.

Preparing for publication,
rHE JUDGES of ENGLAND: with Sketches
of their T.ives. mad .Miscellanqous Notices connected with the
Courts at Westminster from the Time of the Conquest. By ED-
WARD FOSS, F.S.A., of the Inner Theople..
London : Longman, frown, Green, and Longmans.

Now ready, price Sixpence,
A N ADDRESS to the MIDDLiE CLASSES,
7111.. upon the sul•ject of GYMNASTIC EXER.CISES.
By LORD D-ALNIENY. • -
James Ridgway, Piccadilly; Sims, 31ancliester ; IVl‘Glashan,'Dulb-
lin ; Illacir, Edinburgh ; Webb, Liverpool ; Bin4hain, Bristol ; and
all Booksellers.

NEW SCHOOL BOOK BY MISS CORNER. .
On Monday, July 17, wil be puhlished, price Is. sewed, or Is, 6d.
bound in cloth, with a Map.
EVERY CHILD'S HlSl'oltrof ENGLAND,
with Questions to each Chapter. fIy'MISSCORSIER; authhr
of the " Historical Library," of the ".PIV Grammar," &c., &c.
CORNER'S ACCURATE HISTORY or ROME, from accepted
English and Foreign Authorities, as Macpherson, Keightley, Smith's
and Adatos's Greek and Roman AntMulties; Dr. Arnold, Niebuhr,
Sc.c., &c. With Questions to each Chapier, and a Map, of the Boman
Empire. New Edition, with ChronOlcgleal Table. 3s. 6d. in cloth,
lettered.
CHARLES BUTLER'S GUIDE to 'USEFUL, KNOWLEDGE.
Containing, in. the form of an easy familiar Catechism, a complete'
Series of the Newest and most Useful information connected with the
Arts, Sciences, and 'the PheaQMolla of Nature. • Secend Edition.'
Is. 6d, cloth.
CHARLES BUTLER'S EASY GUIDE to. GEOGRAPHY. A
New; Pleasing, and Concise Description of the Five gieat Divisions
of the Globe;. the Empires, Kingdoms. And States into, which they
are divided; their natural, mineral, and vegetable productions ; and
the number and characteristics of their Inhabitants. Is. 6d. bound
in cloth. Secend Edition. Or, with the Use of the Globe% and Seven
Glyphographie Maps. H. boned its cloth. ;
The reception of Miss Corner's liistoricil Library into numerous
Establishments-for the Education of the ng 'generation, has in-
duced the Author top repare a series of Queslons to several of , the
Histories for the use, of the School-room. A .Prospectus of the His-
torical Library, consisticg of separate Histories of every country in
Europe, may be had on application to the Publishers.
London ; Dean and Son, Threadneedle-street ; and sold by Alfred'
TuUett, School Stationer, 117, Iligh-street, Whitechapel ; and ill
Booksellers.

STRICTURES OF THE URETHRA: Prevalent and Dangerous
Errors in their Treatment. •
Just published, price Is., (by post free, 65.,) Bvo., in Oloth,
THE PATHOLOGY AND , RATIONAL
TREATMENT of STRICTURES of the URETTIRA, in all
their Varieties and (implications. With Practical Observations no
the Use and Abuse of instruments in the Treatment of Urethral Dis-
eases, showing that the unnecessary ernpleymen,t 'ort• instruments is
a frequent exciting cause of stricture, and that a want of practical
knowledge and manual dexterity in their use, when necessary, is the
source of most of the severe, long protracted, and complicated cases
of that disorder so fata'ly pi evalent. The whole illustrated by nu-
merous cases

By F. B. COURTF,WAY,
Published by H. Dailliere, 219, Regent-street; Mac'aehlan, Stew-
art, and Co., Edinburgh • Hodges and Smith, and Pannier and Co.,
Dublin ; Simms and Denham, Manchester; Delghton and Laughton,
Llverplol ; and all' Booksellers. •

•- DISEASED AND HEALTHY -LIVES ASSURED.
MEDIGAL,-IS VALID, and GENERAL LIFE
OFFICE, 2D; -PALL-MALL, LONDON.; - 22,. NA4SAII-
sTEEET, DIJELIN; GROSSE . GALLENOISSE, NYCIA'CAE
BORSEN rzt.S3ACIE, HAMBURG; and LILLA NYUATAI,
STOCKHOLM

Subscribed Capital, 500,0001.
This office was established in 1841, and possesses tables formed du
a scientific basis for the assurance of diseased nye& I
Policies of twelve months standing are not affected by suicide,
&c.,duelling, and Assigned Policies are valid from the date thereof;
should death ensue from any of these causes.
Pol:clos iS3IIOI by this Society give the Person whose life is assured
permission to go at any time beyond the limits of Europe, on the
payment of certain. but small and fixed, rates of premium, which are
indorsed on the Policy at the tim3 when first issued:
HEALTHY LIVES, both at Homo and in Foreign Climates, are
Assured with as much facility and at lower rates than at most other
offices; and a capital of 'Half-a-Million sterling fully subscribei
affords a complete guarantee for the fulfilment of the Company's
engagements.
. Prospe,etuses and Forms of Proposal will be forwarded, postage
nod, on 1111171tvantos.
G. P. IiEISON, Actuary, 25, Pall-mall, London.

BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
EXTENSIVE SALE OF CHOICE OLD BOTTLED WINES.
TO-.10'3. SOLD, by AUCTION, by Mr. ED-
WARD TEWSON, on MONDAY and TUESDAY, the 24th and
25tii days of July, 1848, Without reserve,
The whole n: the valuable and important Cellars of very choice old
WINES of the 'late Challis Sheath, Esq., deceased, on the premises
in Skirbeck Quarter, near Boston, Lincolnshire, consisting of 880
dozens in Bottle, of Wines of the most .approved vintages,-including
Webber's, Currie's, and Rorez's Ports, from five to thirty years in
bottle ; flue old East India Sherry ; superior old Brown Sherry ;
Pale and Goklen Sherry ; Champagne;. Clarets ; Hock; Jethannis-
be-g ; Bucellas ; Teneriffe ; Sauterne ; White Hermitage ; St. Perdy ;
Curaeoa ; Itudesheimer ; Maraschino ; Tokay ; East and West India
Madeira; ltivesaltes, &c., &c.
Also, one hogshead Port, and one hogshead Sherry, in bond.
The Sale will commence each day at Eleven o'clock precisely.
Catalogues are now ready, and may be had of Mr. Porter, Printer ;
Mr. yrieker, Herald Office ; the Peacock and Red Lion Inn, Boston ;
Mr. Joshua. Tewson, Stanifotd ; Messrs. Wood, Grantham; Mr.
Gentle, Spalding; Mr. I3rogden, 'Lincoln Mr. Hollis, Spilsby ; Mr.
Singleton, Slcaford ; Mr. Harrison, Wisbeeh ; Mr, banding-
ton ;'Mr..Crow, Wainfleet ; Messrs. Beeston, Eiolbeach ; of the
Auctioneer; Boston and HorncaStie.
The Auctioneer respectfully invites the attention of the Nobility,
Clergy, and Gentry to this Sale, the well-known character of these
Wines beingfuqy established, having been selected, regardless of ex-
pense; they are of such age and quality as are rarely to be met with,
and their soundness and powerful aroma will be better judE,ed of by
tasting.than by anything that can be said here,
Wide Bargate, Boston, June '24, 1848.

A R I A G E.
12,4 One half the wend are desolately single, and the other
supposing them married, questionably contenteld. Diffidence
hops or a
sense of right determine the former, and miscaculatedem-
bitter the latter. Tho solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and. worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
comprosing hurry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
end social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and Justice demand that health sheuld form au Item
in the compact; it alone digniflee the alliance. Blighted hopes or
neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULYERWELL'S little
StES.WIIIS `On Single and Married Life," pub. in 2 vols., Is.
each (by cost, in stamps, is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, er prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
or Illifitilterpretatior, of their supposed contents, from obtaining
them They are.not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but
for the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the cmpyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
together, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
little publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
pamphlets, but equal in qnantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the boar, but the study of the author's
life,who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—fe live atter nature's laws—and to keep always
on the " sunny side of the way." The above works May be Lad of
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street ; Mann,
39, torntiill; Nelson, 437, West Strand; or direct (by post or other-
wise) front the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings and; cveulngs), IQ, Argyll-plate Regent-street; and all

TEAS AT WITOLE'SALE PRICES.
No. 2, BUCKLERSBURY, Cheapside.
Black, 2s. Bd., 35., 3s. 4d., 38. 8(1., 45., 4s. 4d., ss.
Green, 3e., 3s. 4d., 3s. Bd., 45., 55., 6i., 78.
Coffer, 91, 10d., is., Is. 2d., Is. 4d., Is. 6d., Is. Bd.
Delivered free of carriage to any part of England.
CARRIAGEFREE TO. ANY ',Awe OF
ENGLAND.—Six Pounds and upwards of TEA delivered
carriage free to any part of England at the lowest wholesale price.
All orders not cm:mining remittances must be accompanied by a re-
ference to a respectable party in London.
:MANSELL and Co., Wholesale . Tea-Bealeri, 2, Bucklersbury,
Chea#Olde.

FLECTRO and SHEFFIELD PL ATE .—The
a Catalogue of Prices, with Drawings of Silver Plated Dish
Covers, Vegetable or Curry dishes, and other requisites for the Din-
ner table, may be had gratis, or will be sent, postage free, to aria
part of Great Britain, Ireland, or the Colonies.
T. COX KANOKY and Co., 47, Comb' Lon?.on, seven dews from
Greecelitatit.strest. '
RAILWAY 'INTELLIGENCE.

WINDSOR, STAINES, AND RICHMOND.—It is with no
small degree of satisfaction that we are enabled to refer
to the progress which has been made towards the:coni-
pletion of this line of railway, which is such as to .4fford-
the fairest prospect of the line being open and in- opera- -
non by the beginning of next month (August),. and -
which we believe is intended. On a vitii; made to this
line lately, we found the permanent way completed to
within two or three fields of the village of Datchet, being
somewhat nearer. to the village theta the windmill on .
Datchet Common. Beyond this we may state that the
rails and sleepers were lying ready for being placed on
nearly the whole of the line, the ground being, for the-
most part, prepared, and ready to receive the rails: The.
station, which will be only temporary at Datchet, hiss-
been prepared in London, and was expected to be
brought to-the spot where it is to be erected by the be,-•
ginumg of this week. A wooden erection being intended,
it will take but very little time in putting together. It
is stated that the formation of the line has had elreat;
the eilet of very_considerably enhancing thu value ot
property in tbe village.
•Au arrangemrnt has teen made
.the .company with Icir. Chater, ef the Castle Hotel,
Windsor, to run omnibuses between Windsor and the
station, for which the charge will be only fourpence each
person. The fare by the railway (with a day ticket) will
be, as we are informed, only 2s. Bd. for the journey to
and from Loadon, as far as Waterloo bridge, from which
may be anticipated a vast increase in the traffic between
Windsor and the metropolis.-11464
GIaNAT WESTERN—WCiRKING OF THE EXPRESS
Tnaiss.—On Friday, the morning down express train.
from huldingtem was made an experimental one for ,he
purpose of exhibiting to Mr. Berkeley, and another gen-
tleman connected with Mr. Robert Stephenson, the trac-
tive power and speed of the large eight wheeled class of
locomotives on the broad guage. The train consisted of
five carriages. weighing about 50 tons. The distance to
Didcot, 53 miles, was performed in 49 min. 19 sec. rho
48 miles between the 3d and 51st milepost were gone.
over in 42 Min. and.3s sec. the average speed for that.
distaiie being consequently 67i miles per hour, A
'tteppage of 8 enin. 57 sec. took place ut Didcot ; and the
241 miles between that place 'aed Swindon were per-
formed? as it was stated by a party connected with the
railway, in. 24 min., but, in fact, as we happen to know,
in 25 min. ti tee: A portion of the road between Did-
cot and Swindon is upon a. rising gradient of 7 feet a mile.
The average speed, up this gradient was 65.45 miles per
hour. The entire distance, viz., 77 miles, including the
8 Min. 57 sec. lost at Didcot, was performed in 83 min.
27 . sec., or'deducting the stoppage, in 74 min. 29i see.—
Rui.'tray Record.
CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD.—This great line, forming.
the last fink to the railway communicatioc with Ireland,
will.be opened for passenger traffic throughout on the Ist
August.. The sea distance will then be shortened
llama 138 miles to 63, and the time of being on the water
froth eleven or twelve hours to about three hours and' a
half.—Herapath's Journal. _

NE WCASTLE AND BERWICK. —TII r. ilia II LEVEL
BRIDGE AND • ITS APPROACIILS.—Tht se works are pro-
gressing with great rapidity, and it is expected that in
about seven weeks the approaches, together with the erti•;
fieial structure across the Tyne,. will be completed, by
which a junction.of the railway terminui between Gates-,
head and Neivcastle will be effected. It is also expected
that the temporary bridge across the Tweed will be com-
pleted by September or ,October, thus enabling the trains
to proceed throughout from Edinburgh. to London,—
Sundtrland Herald..

MANCHESTER, LIVFIRPOOL AND NEWCASTLE.—...The
Gazette of Friday contains an. official notice from the
Commissioners of Railways, that the period of time
!lathed by the Manchester, Liverpool and Newcastle
Railway Act of 1846, for the completion of the railway,
shall be extended for a further period of two. years, from
the expiration of the period limited. by the Act.
The .Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport line, from
Waterloo to Southport, will be opened, it is hoped, on
the 19thinst.. Passengers. will be conveyed by omni,
buses to Waterloo, under contract with the directorsi

BANK OF FRANCE.

The foilowin

is the return of the state,of the Bank of
#l...'tath -
CREDITOR.

Cash in coin and ingots . . f. 86,820,320 64
Ditto in branch banks ... 72,567,761 00,
Bills pact due ' ... 3,151,129 56.
Bills not yet falling due in Paris ... 105,740,646 27.
Ditto at branch banks ... ... 144,110,216 68
Advances on ingots and coin ... . e 3,868,300 00
Ditto on French public securities ..''58,204,782 90
Ditto by branch banks... ... 3,736,191 00
Ditto to the State on Bons du Tresor
of the Republic ...
Reserve Rentes ••• ••• •••
Rented, disposable funds ••• •••
Investments of the new branch banks in

50,000,000 60
10,000,000 00
11,248,767 56

the public funds
Hotel and furniture of the bank

12,806,741' 39

4,090,000• 00
2,523,241 00
1,000,000 00
. 200,000 00,
... 25,521,137 87
12,498,578 OU
500 00
86,217 00
230,000 00
352,168 47

Real property and branch banks
Interest in the Algiers Bank ...
Interest in National Discount Bank .
Bills Protested at Paris
Ditto in the branches ...
Expenses of administration of the bank

Ditto at branches
MiscellanieS
Sundry accounts current

£599,574,786 05

ABSTRACT ' GE• THE ARG [MIEN T

• 12013, -UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE. -
Theorm.—Every not" a criwina!, residing in
those islands of, .the,Britiiit rtnpire 'from which repre-
sentatives are sent to. tho Commons' llousti of Parlia-
ment (VA' to have a yote in the election of those repro-
sentatives.*

I. ThTause &telt vote belongs to him by intrinsic
natural right. Every man possesses his natural powers
wholly and indepOldently within himself. Posseasing
his powers thus wholly and independently within him-
self, he poasesss the right of congurring for not con-,
eurrinir with others in'the pa►tieular uses they can 'be
applied to.
,This right in organized beeiety is neither
more nor less than tho' riy,ht to a vdtd in making the
laWs.

2. Because such. vote belongs to him by' essential
social right, Every man having bean born absolutely
bis own and 'no one's else, and possessing in: his life,.
nature, and powers, crigioally independently of society,.
either never becomes a merriber , society at all,- or,
else fie'does so by his own free act or content. If he,
never becomes a member at all, then society has no
right to exact his obed.ien'ce; but if, f)r its own pure-
poses,it does exact MS obedi,:mee, it is bound to give, st
the lest, the full benefit which would have availed to
the individual if the consort had bee "lies; to do other-
wise were only extorting a'peosity i addition to the
infliction of an aggression.' If 'he, the other hand, is,
held a member of society by hiS ow full and free c,n-
sent, then that consent' of his rests o. he understanding,
first, that be is 'rtble to Obey.the 1.3. , second, that he
shall receive certain benefit S—to .ccurity of person
an 4 property—for so doing. But i either he nor any
on his behalf make the laws, he es n t know whether.
they will be such as he is able to obey: 14 by elnsf Pie"
be cannot say ho.will obey them, an. ...Cam" St' much
as enter into the primary colt:pi:et to di ,Furthermore,he
has no guarantfe.beiyend the bare „ f L'Oeic;;',tl t
,
-it- will 'cnrci..ll-Wt: to resizn—
intrinsic natural right (proVed arelse.) to ObtPir. And it
is contrary to resson that he.should take the Vrornise
Society to act.. in this matter of cOnflisrin,„ interests,
against it keenly feeling its own needs and WisheSk
and in behalf of him not feeling hiS needs and wishes.
Unless he be part of society in making the laws for'
itSelf, he has no guarantee that they will not be made.
to his cost. • Neyr there is the highest prObability that.
they will be.so Insde for the leAiilatipn of society is
essentially rtipresSive, end bfA.: its ore! metrobrts; 'and, of
curse, it will be most repressive, rnpst against the
member who is not present to take' his own part.
Therefore, on one branch of the understanding (obe
dience, with the matter of oh'dience unknown) the c,,m-
pact is impossible, and ,as legthrds the other it is absurd;
and such as no rdaSonable roan can be taken for,granted-
to make, inasmuch as it involves surrender ofhigh value.
ori the strength of a promise which there is the higheSt.
moral probability *ill be: broken.
.

3. Because it is a British constitutional. right (I do
not soya legal right). •
Ist. Fur Christian doctrine is an essential portion of '
the doctrine of the constitution ; and it is an essential
nottion of Cl;ristian elect:Me that no man sat contrarily
to MS' conscience. Now ha who has not a representative
in the Lugislature is perpetually liable to be called on
to obey laws to which neither he nor any one on his
behalf has consented. Furthermore,' in ail cases where
also he .could rot consent, hels bound by his conscience to
disobey the law. His la* and his religion are in con-
trariety to each other. But inasmuch as the greatest
authority IS to be obeyed in all cases, and the religion Of
the Constitution, which is and cannot be changed,
is super icr Loth:law, which is human, and can be chc raged,
there follows this anomalous position--that it is tho ue-
trine of the Constitution that such a man ought to break
tlielaW of the land ; which is absurd. Bat had this man
had a representative in the Legislature, he wood have
been bound to obey the
objectionable law, inasmuch as
that it was decreed by en auth6rity of which be was a
virtual member, and thus had his virtual consent--
(such is the position, for instance, of all Quakers who.
voter in the election of Members of Parliament).
NOW it mist be allowed that inasmuch as the Constiti .
tion, which is a positive unity, cannot in the nature of
things be at the same time anomalous, that doctrine
whereby there is no anomaly is the constitotionah
doctrine; and that whereby, there is, i unconstitutional.
Consceittently, it is constitutional thit no an should
be withouta representative in the Legislature. Secondly,'
it is the unequivocal doctrine of the British Constitution,
That'they who furnish the funds necessary for the sup-
port and transEction of Government should control the
expenditure of those funds. Now those funds are (as
shall be hereafter strewn) 'directly, fully, and proper-
tienately furnished by'all in common, and not by the
half-million at present represented out of the seven
millions existent. Therefore all in coma-ton, or the seven
millions existent, have constitutionally (I do not say
legally) the right of vote fora representative.
4. Because it is a religious right. The Christitin
religion rests upon every man the duty of worshipping
God according to his own conscience ; aid it will
on no account whatever excuse the neglect to do so.

-ought tOlntivre'tilth regard7to _that Torisgrisue.
this can only be done by every man's conscience being
ostensibly represented in the Legislature. Nothing ellie
moles him amenable to the law when that law is coe-
trary to his conscience. That does. The unrepresented
Quaker is bound to allow the seizure of his goods in
discharge of church-rates: the Quaker who sends his
representative to the Parliament of the nation is neither
bound nor justified in so doing, inasnsech as he first de-
putes his power of making the law to his representative,
and then hreaks• the law ho has virtually assisted to
make: clearly an error.
5. Because the highest excellence of legislation con-
sists in its moral rectitude, and such excellence is best
secured by universal suffrage. A legiilation not pus-,
sassing moral rectitude is warred against by the whole
courie of Divine Providence. Nothing can be substantial,
permanent, or truly prOsperoue under it. 'ln the moral
rectitude of actiotie consists their prudence and real ex-
pediency; Wherefore, the tine test of a good legislator
is his motel excellence. And es like will choose like,
and the virtuous elector will return the virtuous repre-
ientative, and vice versa, to ensure the stability and
prosperity of a state, the test of fitness for the poi-
session of the elective franchise should be moral
excellence. And of that there is no criterion; politically,
except' non-criminalty. The man who has not violated
the law is to the state the virtuous man. Education is
only a secondary test of fitness in either representatiie
or elector. The statistics of the subject have shown
nothing With regard to it beyond the fact that educated
persons are guilty of fewer crinies of physical violence
and illegal fraud. They have not shown that such per-
sons do'not commit as great and numerous crimes. which
no leas have been made to reach. So that the educa-
tional test is nonsense, and a fantasy. The true test is
moral worth. Of that there is no criterion except non-
conviction of crime. Colisequently all not convicted of
erime possess the great particular eligibility for the,
franchise.'
6. Because of the immensely increased difficulty, or
rather impossibility, of bribing or intimidating electors
under a system of universal suffrage, compared with
that existing under a restricted suffrage; together with
the certainty that whilst a bribed or intimidated elector
is and must be, in the very nature of things,' sending an
Unmoral, And therefore (as shown above) unfit repre-
sentative into the' Legislature, and thus ensuring, so far,the enactment of bad and therefore (as shown above)
edeerse and futile laWs, the unbribed and unintineidatdu
elector may at all events, and most probably will, give
his vote to a iirtucut' mein!, and fit representetive,
whose measures will'be just, and so far prosperous and
permanent.
7. Because of the exceeding benefit that would accrtee
to the legislatorial body itself from' the extension of the
suffrage to a point involving the impossibility of bribery
and intimidation : first, by doing away with all
those bribery and intimidation investigations, which now
occupy the time of the Legislature, and waste considerable
sums of the public money; bring discredit on the na-
tional reputation; and divest many good.and honourable
electors for the time being of their voices in making the
law for the offences of their co-electors; aae even in the
case of minorities of the 'very representatives they all
along had said were' not fit to serve in Parliament; nil
so leaving the standing House of Legislation itself id-
complete pro tempore ; and, secondly, by causing Farlia-
mentary candidates individually to regard intrinsic worth
and energy as the condition of their eligibility, instead
of mere wealth, which involves neither wisdom nor vie-
toe, 'and discouraging wrbng-meaning and no-meanie!,
men, so far as regards true national duty, from coming
forward for the office: and thus altogether coestitutint
the House of Commons of better materials, and placing
them in a more advantageous position.
8. Because• universal sutliage yields the only logical
answer on equitable principles to the physical-force
man He says:—" I Was born with certain funt-
tions 'and faculties. The 'Constitution offers to en•
sure me my personal liberty in the enjoyment of
theta: Beyond the control of society, the first, the chief,
the grand, the all. necessary use of my personal liberty
would be to get food—food--food ; food for my wife and
little Ones. Now you hate made such bad laws that I
cannot get that food. There is an artificial labour for
me, and if I fall back on natural you itnprison me for a
trespass. Ergo, your laws break our Compact You
aive me nothing, and therefore I owe you nothing. I
oust take what I can ; and if b
you can kill 'me, you must.
But if you do, I shall try my very best to try to kill you
for it." (Witness the last physical-force movement from
this very
cause in Paris, June, 848.) Now, what this
man says is perfectly sound, fl ,
he hose had no voice in
making the tows. And society is the true physical-
forcist, not the man. For whereas he is ready to fulfil
his share of the compact if he gets the protection, society
is not able to fulfil its share though it should get the al-
both
atindwoarisseumuegsaint,be6 opebi
leiance. And what
on the wrong side,
ground ontrar • the c
first. But if, onthe'contrary, this man have his
t
representative in Parliament, society can say to him—
We are not doing these things; we neither make the
laws that oppress you, nor do we use the arms to coerce.
It is we and you together. NV hat.we have done jointly