The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-15 00:00:00

that another vessel was at the same time picking up what
was adrift from the wreck, &c.

MEXICAN WAR.
(From the Neu, York Enquirer.)
The Union is sorely worried ay Mr. Webster's
recent calm and philosophic speech upon the Mexican
war, and the ways and means necessary to carry it on,
and it cites Mr. Walker often, and Mr. Woodbury's
old reports, at times to refute him. This Makes people
in this part of the country, who know that when Mr.
Webster speaks on the finances of the Govern .tent he
but reflects the opinions of commercial and business
men whom he consults, and who, therefore, through him
speak in behalf of experience and practical wisdom,
smile. Mr. Walker, neither as a practical nor theo-
retical financier, has much respect among that class of
men, and Mr. Woodbury's old reports were all romances
or sphynx's riddles.
The Union persists that the Warehou=sing Bill will
add Mr. Walker's million to the revenue. It is to so
augment our imports, we are told, by cheapening prices
to the consumer, that the excess of imports, even under
a low tariff, will make up this duty. The grave Solon
does not inform us how we are ever to pay, in this
country, for this excess of imports, when even now,
under what is called the high and black Tariff of 1842,
we are often drained of the precious metals to pay Euro-
pean workmen for making for us this excess of importa-
tions. The country cannot import more than it can
pay for, for the very obvious reason that Europe will
cease selling when we cease paying.
The chief point upon which, however, the Fawn ex-
pends the most of its ammunition, is upon what Mr.
Webster says of the Mexican war. Because Mr. Web-
ster did not, in his speech, condemn that war as unne-
cessary aggressive, and unconstitutional in advancing our
troops to the Rio Grande, beyond the limits of the
union, the Union would fain infer from some incidental
remarks, that he gives a quasi sanction to it. Mr. Web-
ster reserves his rtmarks upon this subject, no doubt,
as we 1,11 reserve our remarks till the war is over, and the
cost is counted, but if in him the Union expects a con-
vert, it will find itself much m;staken.
The Union is for fighting on. until Mexico sues for
peace, and therefore censures Mr. Wehster's idea of a
peaceful embassy, or any suspension of hostilities till we
have troddtn Mexico under our feet. It flippantly
prattles of twitching within the wafts of thw capital,
when, if this over be possible, against an united enemy,
it. cannot h.- done within a year, and at a cost less than
150.000 000, in the necessary outfit of men and artna-
m-nts. No one proposes now to abandon our war with
Mexico, without the prospect of a permanent peace, but
all sane patriotic men urge that the olive branch go with
he sword,---that, with the ability to conquer, we show
the disposition to settle, on equitable terms, an abiding
peace. _

The mock hertics of the Union in treating of this poor,
shattered, anarchical, contemptible Mexi.:o, as it she
were England, or France, are both ludicrous and piti-
able. Tt.ere was a peril in the 50.40 swaggering in the
face of John Bull, that lent dignity to the blusterer, but
these heroics and antics before a Mexican, are like
bullying a woman. When we have thrashed senseless
Mexico, as Mr. Webster well calls her, into her senses,
as we partially have by this time, it is quite time to tell
her, we whip her as a master does his schoolboy, not
for the love of it, but to teach him better behaviour.
and when he promises better fasEions, to hang up the
switch.

In this war with Mexico, we, a strong, and compara-
tively rich paver, owe something to the respect of man-
kind, to civilisation, and to Christianity—unless war is
to become with us a trade, and conquest. instead of com-
merce, our chief purshit. The annexation of TeXas
what the French call a fait accompli, but we cannot
deceive ourselves, or hide from the world the..
Net that it was a province torn from Mexico by our own
people —that the boundary of Texas was th- ,Nueces and
that we have in spite of Mexic,, stretchvd that boun-
dary to Rio Grande, and that then we ostensibly invaded
Mexico before she struck a bl, w, It is very true we
have good claims against Mexico and that 11,,xico,
in some respects, severel3 injur,d our citiz ns—but the
invasion of the Mexican State of Tampulipas, was,
beyond all question, the o tensible cause of the war.
Now, in this state of things, particularly when we are
threatening the armed occupation of California, we owe
it as a mark of resp ct to the world, to show, that it is
hot: war and c,mquest we are pursuing as a. trade, but
peace. and that an equitable peace is all we de,ire. •
The Government, hots ever, as the Union is it. organ,
is clearly for pursuing a war of couqu st. and a long
war. It will probably be arrested only by the bank-
ruptcy of the Treasury, and the necessity of inpo-i g
alarming taxes. It a ill' then walk out of favour with
the speed of a locomotive.
LETTER FROM MR. CLAY.,

Thefollowing letter from Henry Cay, addi:eiSed-rn a
mercantile house of high standing, is published in the
Couria

Ashland, June 5, 1846.
Gentlemen,—l postponed answering y, air favour
until the arrival of the articles to which it refers, which
you have been kind enough to present to me. They
reached here yesterday in safety, and I request your ac-
c, atatiee of my thanks fer them. 'Die pleasure which
we shall derive from using them will ba much increased
by the fact that both the raw material and the fabric
are American. Their excellence attests the perfection
which this important, branch of wool!, it manufactures
ias attained in the United States, and it is the more gra-
tifying because of the great difficulties with which they
'gave eenstantly had to cone nd.
On both sides of the Atlantic, !he policy of affording
itrotetion to domestic manufactures appears to be under
;,,,nsideration in• the national legislature. The British
Minister ha,s brought forward a nri, n,11:1-• embracing- the
doctrines of tree trade, not howeiter *ahem exceptions
..f several, and some very lime-grant, articl a. Tee
manufactures of Great Britain have reached a very high
:leeree of perfection, by moans of her grew capital, her
improved skill and marthin, ry, her cheap labour, and
ander a system of proteaum, Lug, perseveringly and
rigorously enforced. She in, reover possesses immense
advantages for the sale and distribution of numerous
manufactures, in her vast colonial possessiims, from
which those of foreign powers are either entirely ex-
cluded, or admitted on terms 'pry unequal with her own.
I am not, therefore, surprised that utider these favour
Jilt! circumstances, Great Britain should herself be de-
sirous to adopt, and to prevail on other nations to a& ipt,
he principles of free trade. I shall he, if any of the
great nations of the Continent should follow an example,
the practical effects of which will be so beneficial to her
and so injurious to them.
The propriety of affording protection to domestic
manufactures, its degree and its duration, dep'nd upou
the national condition and the actual progress which
;hey have made. Each nation, of right, ought to judge
for itself. I believe that history records no instance of
any great and prosperous nation, which dill not draw its
essential supplies of food and raiment from within its own
limits. If all nations were just commencing their career,
or if their rirmufactures had all made equal proeress, it
might uerhaps be wise to throw open the markets of the
world to the freest and most unrestricted constitution.
slut it is manifest, that, while the manufactures of some
lave acquired all the maturity and perfection of which
,hey are susceptible, and those of others are yet in their
nfancy, struggling hard for existence, a tree cernpeti-
ion between them must redound to the advantage of the
.xperi,need and skilful, and to the injury W. those who
:.e just beginning to naturalise aad establish the ;arts.
No earthly gratification to the heart of a .s, t!7t'sm4n
'an he gts'atter. th,4l that of hosing contribeedio the
doption of a great system of oat anal p fn y, and of
afterwards witnessing its complete success ie its practical
Iteration. That gmification can be enjoyed by tilos,
who were instrumental in establis'iag the policy of pro
iecting our &mystic manufactures. • Every promisit
which they made has been fulfilled. Ev.ry prediction
vhich they hazarded as to the quality andleantity of
lie domestic supply, as to th. rettu.ttion of prio,is, as to
'ha' effect of eitupetitioit at home, anti as tott.t)catiumi
:ince of the public revenue, has b,en fully realised. And
it is no less remarkable that every counter prediction,
without exception, of the opponents of the policy, has,
in the sequel, been entirely d.
Without tracing particularly the operation of our
earlier teras,•la.ijusted to both the objects of revenue
eud protection. and coming down to the last it seems to
:ne that if there ever were a ben fleet' effect from any
oublic tnea.ure fay demonstrated, it is, that the tariff
,f 1842, beyond all controversy, reli-ned bah the qr..
vertiment and the people of the United States, from a
.tate of pecuniary embarrassment bordering on bank-
'uptcy.
Entertaining these views and opinions, I should
'ettply regret any abandonment of the policy of pro.
eetion, or any material alteration of the tariff of 1642,
which has worked so well. If its operation had been
even doubtful, would it not be wiser to await further
developments from experience, before we plunge into a
now anti unexplored theory ? Scarcely any misfortune
to so great to the business and pursuits of a people as
hat of perpetual change.
I am sensible that. I have extended this letter to a
most unreasonable length. I hope you will excuse
and attribute it to the beautiful fruits of a favourite and
Aterished policy which you. have kindly seht to
Your friend and obedient Servant,
(Signed) H. CLAY.
'LOUSE OF REP; ESENTATIVES—WASHINCT -N,
JUNE, 24, 1846.
RELATIONS WITH IiII.;XICO—EUROPEAN INTERFERENCE
ON THE AMERICAN HEMISPHERE.
Mr. C. J. Ingersoll, from the Coinaiittee on Foreign
Affairs, made a report on the subject of our relations
with Mexico, justifying the declaration of war against
that republic, and arguing generally, aid at great length,
from positions which are laid down in the coumnuceenent
of the report, and are as follows
" With great respect, and not till long after forbear_
anise was itnpracticabl the constituted atlihoritirs:of the
United States find f ,rte the only means of self defence
from long continued, unprovoked, aggravat, d, aid insof-
ferable injuries, inflicted by a sister republic and neigh-
bouring nation, with whom our prefere..ce was elite
alliance, and against whom the saorel is draman with
infinite reluctance. But, as was the case in the ear, at
last, after many years of endurance, extorted from this
Govertuneet by Great Britain, in 1812, there was no
alternative but war to repel and punish the provoking
hostilities perm tlited upon us by Mexico, without (ex-
cept in the afftirs of Texas) the slight, st pretext tor
them. American property, persons, commerce, treaties,
public ministers, consuls, messengers, crews of national
•vessels, at length our soil and soldiery, subjected to
outrageous wrong=, seizure, incarceration, insult, homi-
cide, and even inhuman violation of the dead, at last
compelled the American Government to a vindication of
their people, and no alternative but war or extreme de-
gradatton."

Tne committer advert to the views of Mr. Munroe and
other,, in regard to the subjt•et of European intenerenee
on the American con.inent, and express tli sentiments:
" We owe it to candour, and to the amicable relations
existing between the United States and other powers, to
declare that we sh,•uld consider any attempt on their
part to weal their On Europe) Votes to an, pos.