The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, I,ON DON, SATURDAY MORI:4IN NOVEMBER 28, 1846.

op:nTeha_ror4l tow igagike e, Lle?, tjanßd PirrinCcelAßlbCerUt tookLA altn.airing in an
ri,
the Prince driving, on Thursday atter-
ards Wootton. The Hon. Captain Gordon,
(14errY in Waiting to his Royal Highness, attendtd,
o° horseback.
0 , thec7alVillesns
Their R
4lfred esses the Prince of Wales, Prince
Royal, and the Princess Alice,
utl/iheu,.t on ponies on Thursday afternoon.
40(1._ atarehioness of Normanby arrived at Osborne
ifee on Thursday, on a visit to lit.r Majesty.
Poll)! Majesty and her Royal Consort took a drive in a
Th carriage yesterday.
t!'%al Faintly took walking and equestrian ettr-
esterday.
Pri44l,/terday was the birthday of herßoyal Highbess the
buer:s Mary. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke a_l.lcle
Hermit Cambridge, the Fin...eta Mary, and. tn
arrt;ltarY Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg Strilitz,
Reep",,ln town from Kew in the afternoon.
grand -"Yal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester gave a
1 dinner, and afterwards a ball, at Gloucester
,r 1
honour of the natal day of her illustrious niece
lend tdci.daugh ter.
kb Inner party consisted of their Royal Highnesses.)uke
arid ,Nulless of Gloucester, the Princess Marc, 1
Duch ilell"S of Cambridge, and the Hereditaryt the Duke
tless 83 °f Mecklenburg Strelitz, their Serene H
hax,e', Prince Frederic of Hesse and Prinee Edwardgot
'Veit:oar, the Marquis of Winchester, Baron Roller,
G''e:lll.f Kowiriaffsky, the Earl of Hardwicke, Ladyim
etil.giana Bathurst, Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence,
Mr.
,14 .nith, Baron Knesebeck, Colonel Keate,
Lieut"l Nlildnifty, Major Stephens, Mr. Vincent, and
A -ein] Liddell.
lavit Aberll of the juvenile nobility and gentry were
he,tN the ball to celebrate the auspicious event, and
The
to arrive at Gloucester House at nine o'clock.
trande°lPany were ushered, on their arrival, up the
grand
11411 litai irease to the suite of drawing-rooms. ll_
"ighness the Duchess of Gloucester, accomp_c-ie
ItoyalYFthe Princess Mary and the other members of trle.
ceived h "lily, entered at half-past nine o'clock, and
er distinguished guests.
fur the Turner family were in attendance, and performed
At Q gratification of the assembled company.
l'rine,tett, o'clock the Duchess of Gloucesler. and. the
rlajtorl 4laty, followed by the:royal and distinguished
ball.ra; descended the grand staircase and entered the
11(4,.111, the quadrille band, under the direction o Mr.ts
Were ',,,,."4rn ard, playing " God save the Queen." SF
quadrille-14'ediatel CI and the ball was opened with
Njellec4)
8 follow Nver(e °after; ards danced
Q'cuadrilles—" Les Exiles," Basisis.
uadrilles—Ethiopians, Coote.
I,,aLltz: Orientalen," Labitzky.
11.7
Syrenen," Labitzky.
Douro," Labitzky.
DAbert
p-°',",.a—Giltaana Browne.
4r. 11"4"-Die Rosen, Labitzky.
114:mord presided at the pianoforte. _
tiater 3 the Com an resent were the Bavarian All
I,4it',4'ter'aar2,lle_ss apnd)Mponsieur de Cetto, the Russian.
feliaar
the Prussian
de. Brun_ow. and Mademoiselle
r,ench ""e Minister Prince Lowenstein, the
eol'4largit d' and Countess de Jarnac, Baron
4/44eii; DuchessAfi roe; Sutherland and Lady Caroline
4,,A°1•-tO1C1:4th(lw", the Countess GrefyLaisnidowLeiaidyanAdAlice
lesa Earl and Countess o
0f.438e1l arQ, Lord and Lady John Russell, Miss
• and Miss Lister, the Countess
\r• and
the
thtBeo tIY and the Ladies Knox, Viscount and
-tealltil Mahon V'scountess Palmerston, Lady and
iti" 114. Misses Ashley', Earl and the Ladies A. ugusta
4 Itlrie°ll°ll4 Cadogan, the Marquis and Marchioness of tisti arde
and Lady Emily de Burgh, the Lord Clue
kk " an
d L,.
k Po, 14 Wilde, the Earl of Munster and Lady
4Peth, ' the Earl and Countess of Ellesmere,
Graham, Viscount
841 Y Emil the Misses Vincent, Lady and Mr.
ft°llby .I,Y and th M' es Ponsonby and
111441 e: Miss Murray the Misses Franklin and
1.1,1.4 Y and. t array, Mrs. and the Messrs.. Stephens, Sir
Co;ii Misses Wheatley,. Captain Cox, Mr. and
444 wan, Ts" Lewis and Miss Lister, Colonel and Mrs.
lt4,l3'Sear'adY Frederick and Mr. George Bentinck. ,
41and Hardy, Mr. Ponsonby, Captain
trip e Miss
• codring-
th, ,altpbell, Sir Edw. and the Misses
Co4' 4u,tarehioness of Downshire, Lady Mary Hood,
'x'fra.)., the Misses Herbert, Sir George Walker,
1,1)4 4:14.3.) and the Misses Montagu, Mr., Mrs., attire
ki,'4%Caia, Ur. and Airs. Granville Berkeley d
111 kaer"leY, Lady Frances and the Missesail Cole,
tos4s 1,,,ed, Lord Robert Taylor, _Mr. Herbert, Hon.
Cole Megan, Miss Drummond, Viscount Stavorda e,
~4tiedtarl‘er Lennox, Lord Otho Fitzgerald, Mr.
or k4eput,tpata Berkeley.
We Nl's. of contractors for cleansing, consisting
k 14q, a • Thorn E. Reddin, J. Gore, E. Wood, B.
415eth lid W. Pai:sons had an interview with Lord
liita.tqs Yeatertla-Y, at tile office of the Woods and
t.;„ eer,
°ll.o,t'alter r,rGrey has returned to town from a visit to
kr. J. had- the House of Commons. The Marquis
th•
A. Gn:t,ll interview with the Right Hon. Barone .
Ln2e-offi 't)tt also visited Sir George yesterday at
Jo, -
°on
Illterv!Nrn ch,:u?sell returned to town yesterday tiftearn-
k with Oles• The Postmaster-General had
411, e. 11. 15 Lordship.
},to jr
(1 the f.-111;_rtlY had an interview with the Chan-
of co-n,'n,(iequer yesterday.. Thne
oSfpethakeerE oxfnitsliee,
11 3C) itit "°11; and the Chairma
114 a, Qrviews
tlThe yesterday with the Right lion. Gen-
t' of elight
, E. Strutt had an interview with the
deprarenuon, yrday.
tation from the U ersit Club, consisting of
eel rZe Chet niv • yn Colo-
nee
ed, 11 \'3nd, Bart.; Sir Robert om
and Mr. T. Fletcher Twemlow, had an
L 4,41 Lord Morpeth yesterday.
1,1194 ,TteL.Y,lef,t town yesterday on a visit to Lord Ash-
rlSpas
~"( Grange.
°Ps were
s from the Governor of the C.
're received • day at the Colonial o •
reffioefeGood
y ester y

LAYS.
, FRENCH P
THEATRE.. .
h4t p 87' JAMES'S
1,11;1 riet, although
this theatre last evening.
I 'lB d I,^# f - the season %1.., e 1.1. 0.. still suffering from indisposition,
the Consaitderation of the audience
'lllt.o4.,.7e'rbieets,peaking
in consequence of his still suffering from
,14 the eels of his late severe illness, were posted
.I,'Yki ,` lubbies of the theatre, but this consideration
,!Is -°t, needed, for never did Perlet act better.
n. Juil',Qaracter which he chose was thoatAnosf;
,4, t:crn, in Scribe's vaudeville, L'Homme de rtltk, Petite Entetee. St. Jullien is an old 6conntry
thr°lll%ll7tso,,,ixty years of age,
( a bachelor, who
.has been
~1:', t, 4-aris by Bernard M. Dumery), a rich mer-
l_iat istin,Taarry his niece Angelina (Mademoiselle
sh: lopes e)+ , a lovely young girl, but entetee.
(Iq,‘ never Eugene (Monsieur. Berou), and, albeit,
words, yet she
I ilib;?t,lt 4,,,te11a her love in
,:o*tie'',tat,,,itr affections " like a wormsih'
etheteabsueds,pfneeedr
i''Y the 11a51,'lleek," on the contrary,
aike a " ttlie c 4 °at of his life, and shows her laonvde,
Bible - sensible %ntraries. St. Jullien arrives,it is
.ni
i pos-
t°; roak'nliigelinatilln, at once sees thatd i
determines
aatq
~ her ith earl love him, an
4 br'''w 1,, i,CI),PY in spite of herself. He r.equaesltesttaenr
lithlit 1 uer al During the interview
•ot ~ , to hi one,
litik uein4
abina• He has forgotten h sctacles, and
Iv, ari,it') read e . to decypher
14 ng. bi„, it to him. It
a.it7terly ir„,' against it,is requestfrom
Eugene,nge
t‘t 4, her. "'sPh°sSible to expect happiness
Angelina, who is so efnotemtee a
union that it
kulli;,.! deeine_ is outrageous on reading this letter, and
triti tily
re°,',e3
,her preference for St. Jullien, and
c)ut . Jeets Eugene who subsequentl enters,
der t°lld,:ce A• ' ''''llt eece. ~-
Lentiing to hear what he has 'to
m marriage
list /IC44tt • h -,ne notary is ready with the
Jullien
lag
It qa h! e fills it up with the names.
L'tvinc,. 'rnseli 5.,, r,
11:111.1„:0,fr
tit
...h...12,
:et
it—et ut rho
nyeoafrsAofnage, St.
.to dthe_e-
rti, je4,,e ' She will n ,-,. • ~ says St. Jullien.
..
ClaiertlyinVande
Angelina, cipaarntilfiu
ever sign it,
e4litet,thernitTatthe,ro,ortloivvnevdeeis,padiro.es
St. Jullien
it, and Eugene
then signs,
ti,,,,,`e swakettob
top has affixed his signature the jeune
te,-'04.%
es e horror of her situatiozl.
tl/4N 4ely se 2CluetrY, and she faints. St. Jullien
t iumr e-
he ti,,, zet the contract, tears it up, and rushes
.Mie b • the lovers.
actin , rings him back, and unites
'llet,tti),;:retc,fertthottft l'ereirtlieetiQrain this character was perfect;
e. the
~ of th_ , . _ , is a
"41.1'elle Co: 4ind'hearted, tpofaliusllited gentlemanNeeldver has the
Ik'4ll Uttui r as kindheartedistinguished from the ordinary
lit,,teci. e old men, been more exquisitely
' tli44s3 ~,,. e was the very pink of politeness ; yet
Feel, b not • h him, • is in too many cases,
' all with as it
te, eOs of and the end all," freezing the kinder
ti
,EL ' the
heart, and reducing everything
friiii,,tlQt 114,4°°i,,th_ surface, polished. but cold, li:k
'fir to ice' Politeness is with him the rich
4,1)r 1/Tleele, Jew,Warm garment—the chaste setting
kot 11(feat.1 's el—heart ; which shone all the more__
It eabi, J. for the wanner in which it was set off (J 1 /°,ts tied in and confined by the setting.ur
,LL,i ')lviric?, :quote an expression of one of our
cbarll of ,11' ' the string running through the pearlthe 4'tf,r ctile virtues" Were his personation of t.h
p4,..t.tr ~,°' St. Julian leas perfect he would give
%'f,l,llllat.i'sl3:, tor eulogy; certain parts might then. bets
to t:I ila7„ i()-' as particularly beautiful. Certain points he • ' )(ei- Ceti tnado on which the mind would dwell,
411(111 toc) ion of. the rest, but Perlet made no points ;
1":44t5 45 Oreat an actor, too accomplished an artzete,
k,,CY44B,'„(),ll'een a sense of the beautiful and the
.tr.uee
'l att.'', " to make points, and we can only criticise
44',,al.kin e'g as Voltaire criticised Itacine's writing,
. by
gtifi,i ; at the end of' every sentence exquisite .
TII Perfect I
1: attb PR.0.„,,--------..............
tlltt 12"-Tb, '-'sET) RAILWAY TOWNSHIP AT STHAT;
4,„uOttrd dad,irectors of the Eastern Counties, at the
e•),11" thaTi, accepted tenders for the building of no
thoaPan,,, eight hundred houses in the vicinity of the
,4j4,in th,i,t"Cled depot at Stratford, as residences for
(iyltluourho,el33Ploy. The building of a church in thd
AV% I'm:" will, it is expected, be brought forward
r 4 8. Su °la at the next half-yearly meeting.
iq',111111.41 t° Go KNOWLES.—We observe that a
r 4
t-10 kr.
ssAkovernraent in favour of conferring a pen-
:ko`', e day I, geridan Knowles the first dramatic writer
GLakt) , ,-,as bQen laid down + ~ E f the Royal
, for 4' tat ~.,..e —ar 0
ql„'N Ignatlire.—Glusgoit, Constitutional.
I 4t4 Rosily or
itiiid• ania THE SUN FIRE OFFICE.—Consi-
(4 1" of ge having been occasioned to the new
ati°,llllq, q,oot,he .I,ws' Orphan Asylum, in the Tenter_
tir;Pplie,ti uttlari ma ells, by a recent explosion of gas,
Nitk, it() th:lle's:as made by the governors of the insti.tu-
a,,, ',int ree sun Fireoffice, in which the building
Ihri; NrketleutlY insured stating, that although they
by - , since Y aware that they had no claim on the com-
li4 the fore the
e of mane was not caused by any fire, but
hralitv -, the Q;plosion, yet, they appealed to the
rat ' et the mh,te, tc, ttav company for compensation. We are
ra11,,57 gratit:,? that the Sun Insurance Company imme-
C 4 s, Whieh
..1 tile sum of 501. for the repair of the da-
Nett, `-tc) not amount to more than 60/.—Jetvi'h

• LITERATURE.
COLBURN'S STAADARD NOVELS.
THE WILD IRISH GIRL. By Sydney Owenson.
Edited by Lady Mo' yen.
Mr. Colburn has exercised a judicious discretion in
inducing Lady Morgan, by his "liberal offer and en-
couragement" (we quote her own words), to re-pub-
lish this, her earliest work. It is no longer dangerous
at the present day to stand forward as the friend of
Ireland. It was dangerous, most dangerous to do so,
at the period when the " Wild Irish Girl" was first
published, and by the production of this, her earliest
literary attempt, Lady Morgan fully vindicated her
title to the epithet " fearless, which was afterwards
bestowed on her by Lord Byron. She was then, as
an enthusiastic young girl, unknown, but full of
health and spirits, the true friend of Ireland. Such she
has continued to be during her whole career, and now,
when the better half of that career must have been
passed, now in the full enjoyment of an European
literary reputation—now, when her experience has
tempered her enthusiasm, and physical blindness has
produced (as it invariably does in every poetic tem-
perament by shutting out all external impressions) in-
creased intellectual light, she is as fearlessly as
ever the friend of Ireland still. Let Ireland, there-
fore, ponder over, the words of one of the truest, the
oldest, and wisest of her friends.:._ Comparing, in her
prefatory observations to the present edition, the state
of Ireland at the time this novel was written with
its present state, Lady Morgan says :
" But the agrarian discontents were then, Though
deep not loud,' and though occasionally breaking fiirth
into the wild justice of self-redress, or rudely associated
in banded violence, they were not yet systematized into
secret tribunals of vengeance, nor armed for the daring
crime of open assassination. The relative condition of
landlord and tenant, false and bad as it was in Ireland,
was then still relieved by a feeling of clanship, and by
a primitive and social intercourse, between the coun-
try gentlemen and the peasant, unproductive, indeed, of
any substantial or permanent good, but which had still
something of the old feudal character of more cordial,
though not more civilised times. The daily relations of
life between the rich and the poor (whom the civil wars
and the troubles' in Ireland, had formerly associated
in a common cause, against a common foe), were still
almost familiar, though in their forms somewhat abject.
The people had not then been taught 'to know' that
they were more wretched even than they felt,' by the
vague, but inflammatc,ry promises of interested politi-
cians, destitute of all practical results, or probable ac-
complishment ; their keen sense of suffering was not
then sharpened by the rhetoric of personal vindictiveness,
nor their strong energies wasted on the pursuit of an
unattainable object, whose possession, to judge by past
experience, might be a doubtful good! Their natural
and national joyousness of spirit, then, still broke forth
in wild impulses of occasional hilarity ; they were sus-
ceptible to the charms of music, the native passion of
their artist temperament ; they were alive to the im-
pressions of humour ; misery then found time to laugh ;
labour paused to dance ; Erin had, indeed, the tear, but
she had also the smile in her eye ;" and the brilliant
sallies of the higher orders, and the sly fun of the lower,
then created for, and sustained in Ireland that reputa-
tion for unrivalled wit and colloquial talent, which is now
fading into a tradition. It is, however, to be hoped that
the present state of things, is but a transition state ;' that
the humour and genius of Old Ireland, though latent,
are not extinct, and that the obtrusive advocacy of an
obsolete phrase of society, indulged in by young Eng-
land s' cadet brother, young Ireland,'
" The merrier fool of the two, but quite as mad,"

will yield conviction to the fact, that en avant,' (or in
its own Celtic mother tongue, Faugh na ballah,') is the
true epigraph of the age, as it was the cry that led to
victory the bravest of Irish captains, at the head of the
bravest of Irish troops. Henceforth ceasing to
" Boast, their ancestors were fools so long,"
may the youth of Ireland bear in mind, that the oppres-
sors of their country, have never prospered but by the
disunion of her sons, and give the full aid of their talents,
and honest (though with due subinission) not always
wise patriotism, to the aid of Ireland's long-tried frends,
now for the first time, led on by Irishmen, who may well
expect to be received in :their onset with the dear old
Irish, and cordial all hail,' of Cead mille faltha.'
" Such a state of things is the true • Repeal of the
Union.' It is the fusion, long wanted to the pacification
of Ireland, and the general happiness of the greatest
empire of the earth—only the greatest, because the
freest. It will be the first alliance between the sober
experience of the past, and the practical philosophy of
modern times, applied to the remedy of the greatest of
Irish evils—the poverty of the people; the true source of
their crimes ! It will be the manly prose of reason,
blending with the brilliant poetry of patriotism, like—
" The rainbow that hangs in our skies !"
cheering the present, and brightening the future ; under
such blessed auspices, confidence will arise in all,—the
rich and the poor I the bright fires of Irish wit will
again rekindle, and the Irish harp (to use a phrase of
the old bard, Carolan, in the halls of the O'Conor Don,)
will 'once more have tie old sound in it.'
"Coercion (the favourite policy of the legislators of
Ejection) will then have become an obsolete word, no
longer admissible into the humane and legal language of
political justice ; and one of the many impediments to
the Settlement of Ireland,' out of her long list, (the Irish
Church,) will alone remain, not, however, be it hoped,
like the Irish Round Towers, 'to puzzle posterity,' nor
yet to be dealt with in abstractions, or paltered with by
antecedents, (the bequests of darker times,) but to be
considered through its living realities, in its true and
graphic images of religious disparity, and fearful social
inequality ; and finally to be dealt with according to the
Divine ordinances of immutable justice and Christian
charity, the church of Him who admitted of no ine-
qualities."

A COMMERCIAL PERPETUAL ALMANAC.
AND TABLE FOR VERIFYING DATES,
By Samuel Maynard, Editor of Keith and Bonny-
castle's Mathematical Works, &c. &c.

This is one of the most ingeniously-constructed
and useful calendars ever published, showing as it
does, by the day of the week, and its corresponding
day of the month, for any given time, past, present,
or future, either according to the old or according to
the new system. It is composed of two distinct
tables, the one being with, the other without, the
Sunday letters—the one serving as a test to the
other. This calendar will be found invaluable in
settling all disputed points of chronology, and the
possessor of it will have a perpetual almanac that will
lest him his life.

COGHLAN'S POCKET PIC7'URE OF LON-
DON. A New Edition,-revised by Alexander Cooper Lee.

This is by far the most complete edition that has
yet appeared of this popular guide book. Mr. Lee
has added upwards of three hundred pages of addi-
tional matter, by adding a short description of the
early history and progress of each building or insti-
tution, to the description of their present condition,
furnished by the former editor. The book is neatly
and clearly printed, and is illustrated by a map of
London and a view of Westminster Abbey.

A TECHNICAL DICTIONARY; explaining the
Terms of the Arts, Sciences, Literature, Professions,
and Trades. By W. M. Buchanan, Editor of the
Practical Mechanic, and Engineer's Magazine,. and
lately Mast r of the Philosophical Department in the
High School of Glasgow.
The object of this work is fully explained in the
title-page, and all the promises therein contained are
performed to the very letter. Mr. Buchanan has
been engaged for more than twelve years in compiling
this volume, which is by far the most complete
technicological dictionary that has ever yet been pub-
lished. It is admirably arranged and printed in small
but beautifully clear type. It is altogether a most
useful and valuable book of reference.

FINE ARTS.
THE CHRISTIAN IN PALESTINE.
Part Vlll.

If four such exquisite illustrations as these, from
original drawings by W. H. Bartlett, do not elicit
our most unqualified approval, we shall not have
faithfully expressed our real sentiments. The en-
gravers must unquestionably have derived many of
the beauties which are here given by their instru-
ments from the pencil of the accomplished artist, but
they have most certainly added thereto exeellencies of
their own. In the plate representing the valley of
Sichem and Nablous, as viewed from Mount Gerizim,
the perspective is inimitably given, and the purity of
the oriental atmosphere is beautifully indicated by the
crispness of outline to the remotest objects. Jezreel,
Mount Gilboa, and Bethshan, form a delicate and lux-
urious picture, with the stooks of ripe corn in the fore-
ground and the irrigated plains in the distance.
Mount Hermon, situated in the upper valley of the
Jordan, is not merely picturesque with Arabs and
goats, but is glimmering in the sultriness of noon.
Tiberias, however, is la plus belle des belks gravures
—the limpidity of the water laving the ancient but-
tresses of the ruined castle—the dusky shadows of
the broken walls—and the tranquillity of the whole
landscape—are admirably delineated. Dr. Stebbing
has penned some appropriate commentaries upon the
scenes in Palestine above-mentioned.

ROYAL GEMS FROM THE GALLERIES OF
EUROPE. Part IX.
Not a single engraving in the present number of
this series is at all compatible with the valuable plates
already published by the proprietor. " The Flower
Girl " of Murillo, though originally of some merit
when inserted in the Art- Union Journal, is here
worn out and faded. The re-issue is most injudi-
cious in such an ambitious and generally meritorious
publication. "Alfred dividing the Loaf" is again
but a formal representation of the striking painting
of Benjamin West. Neither is the copy from Henry
Warren's " Arabs of the Bishareen Desert" any as-
tonishing masterpiece. The literary portion of this
ninth part, from the pen of the editor, Mr. S. C
Hall, is undoubtedly the best portion of the contents.

MUSIC.
THE FOREMOST FLIGHT. A Hunting Song
__ ....

By Harry Niemen
This sprightly and rollicking ditty is certainly about
the most legitimate hunting song we remember to
have met with. It is easy to perceive that the writer
has not unfrequently cleared a fence in the track of

Master Sly-boots ; that to his ears " Stole away" is
a familiar cry, and the baying of the hounds not the
least welcome music. The words and run of the song
render his sportsman-like enthusiasm contagious.

ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF

MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 26.—The Portugal mails ar-
rived here at half-past twelve last night, in the Oriental
Company's steam -ship Royal Tar, Captain Hamilton, and
were forwarded to Loudon by the mail train at one A.m.,
this day.
The Tar has eighteen passengers, a full cargo of fruit,
eggs, and twelve oxen. Her dates are—Gibraltar,
November 16th ; Cadiz, 17th ; Lisbon, 20th ; and
Oporto, 21st.
DISTRIBUTION OF SHIPPING. Gibraltar—Her Ma-
jesty's steamer Virago, Flower of Yarrow yacht; her
Majesty's ship Vanguard sailed for Carthagena;
French war steamer arrived on the 15th, and sailed on
the forenoon of the 16th. At Cssliz, in the bay—A
Spanish brig of war. Arrived on the 17th, a French
steamer of war, saluted with twenty-one guns. A Spa-
nish steamer, Sello, got on shore on the night of the
14th, and was not off when the Tar left on the 17th. It
was reported that she was breaking up. The experi-
mental squadron was in the Tagus, also French brig
Cygne, and the usual Portuguese squadron.
The Gibraltar packet Queen, Captain Weeks, will
leave the docks at three P.M., with outward mails, a full
cargo, and usual number of passengers.
The Transit steamer, belonging to the South-Western
Steam Company, arrived here this morning from Co-
runna, which place she left on the 21st instant, and
landed forty very fine Spanish cattle; also a full cargo
of fruit.

FALL OF THREE HOUSES.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN
Sut,—During Wednesday night three new houses in
Bayham-street South, Camden Town, just ready to be
roofed in, fell down; fortunately no person was injured.
A gang f men are now employed pulling down the ruins
to prevent further accident.
What are the district surveyors about to allow houses
to be run up in such an awful manner?
AN OBSERVER.

INTERCOURSE WITH NEW OR-
LEANS AND THE GREAT VALLEY OF THE

WEST.

A plan is in the course of execution for improving the
comminication of New Orleans, the sole outlet of the
great valley of the Mississippi, with the sea, which,
when executed, will be attended with many advantages
to the rapidly increasing commerce of that city and the
region of which it is the port, and with some especial
advantages to the commercial and personal intercourse of
the Southern and Western Stites with this country. The
object of this improvement is to avoid crossing the bar
at the mouth of the river, at Belize, and also to avoid a
tedious and winding voyage of ninety miles from Belize
to New Orleans, by forming a railway from the city
of New Orleans to Cat Island Harbour, a fine well-
sheltered anchorage, which has recently been discovered
at the entrance of Lake Borgne, forty-six miles east of
New Orleans. There is depth of water in this harbour
for ships of war to victual and refit; for steamers of the
size of those of the West India line to enter at all times,
and for large merchant vessels to take in full cargoes of
grain and other heavy goods, none of which things are
practicable at the present harbour of New Orleans.
The greatest advantage of this plan probably is, that
it will render it possible to extend all the advantages of
the safe and rapid mode of communication between Eng-
land and America furnished by the West India mail
steamers to the whole of the Valley of the Mississippi,
as well ns to Mobile and other parts of the cotton-grow-
ing States in the. Gulf of Mexico. At present these vast
regions furnish 1,000,000 bales of cotton every year, at a
very moderate computation worth 5,000,0001. sterling,
and they are likely in future to supply us with grain,
flour, provisions, and tobacco, to a still greater extent.
This immense trade is every year creating an increase in
the personal and epistolary communication between Eng-
land and New Orleans, and there can be no doubt that it
would be much facilitated and greatly increased, if the
West Indian steamers could proceed to New Orleans. At
present this is impossible, as they draw too much water to
cross the bar, and are, therefore, unable to approach
nearer than 110 miles of the city, to a point without
a harbour or a road, to New Orleans. They have, in
consequence, giving up calling at that point, after at-
tempting twice, and thus the people in the great valley
of the West are deprived of the advantages of this cheap
and rapid route to Europe, and the company is deprived
of the profit of carrying them. When the railroad is
completed to Cat Island Harbour, the steamers will be
able to approach within a couple of hours' ride to New
Orleans, and ten hours' sale of Mobile, and to lie there
in a well-sheltered harbour in deep water.
Another great advantage of this place, and one which
would be invaluable in times of European scarcity like
the present, when the chief supply of corn and flour
during the winter months must be derived from the
valley of the Mississippi and the port of New
Orleans, is that it would render vessels of large size
available for the purpose of carrying it to ,Europe.
At present it is useless to send large vessels to New
Orlean, in the hope of their bringing home full
cargoes of corn or flour, as no vessel carrying more than
about 300 tons of heavy cargo can cross the bar at Be-
lize. The consequence is, that the greater part of our
British shipping is unavailable for this purpose. With
light cargo, such as cotton, this is not so much felt ; but
full cargoes, even of cotton, can only be brought out in
vessels of a peculiar build, ill suited for general purposes,
and of which this country possesses few. When once
the railway to Cat Island Harbour is completed, grain,
flour, tobacco, pork, lard, and provisions generally, may
be conveyed there, and shipped in vessels of any size, to
the full extent of the vessels' capacity. From the want
of these facilities tie shipping of grain and flour at New
Orleans will proceed much more slowly during the pre-
sent winter than is generally expected by those who are
unacquainted with the peculiarities of the port, and will
continue to do so until the new mode of forwarding the
produce of the Mississippi is completed.—Liverpool
Times.

BANK OF ENGLAND.
(From last Night's Gazette.)
An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth of Victoria, cap. 32, for
the Week ending on Saturday, the 21st day of November, 1846.
ISSUE DZPARTMENT.

Notes issued • . . • .... 28,317,840

Government debt . • 11,015,100
Other securities .• • • 2,984,900
Gold coin and bullion 11,811,382
Silver bullion ••• • • • 2,506,458

£28,317,840

£28,317,840
if. MARSHALL, Chief Cashier.
1846.
EPAZTMEN T.

Dated the 26th day of November

BANKING D.
X.
Proprietors' capital • • 14,553,000
Rest .. ..
Public deposits (in-
eluding Exchequer,
Commissioners of
National Debt,Sav-
ings-banks, and Di-

Government seemi-

ties (including Dead
Weight Annuity) .. 12,808,119
Other securities • • .. 13,353,675
Notes • . • • • • • 8,109,895
Gold and silver coin.• 605,932

viaend accounts).. 7,876,390
Other deposits ••• • • • 7,975,058
Seven day and other
bills• • • • • • . • 990,484

4 34,877,621

£34,877,621
fir. MARSHALL, Chief Cashier.
', 1846.

Dated the 26th day of November

ROYAL THAMES YACHT CLUB.—Thursday there
was a special general meeting of members at their club
rooms. Mr. Whalley's motion of contributing a sum of
money from the club funds towards the erection of a
for
onrt on ce own smi do emr
ba
et irosn ,waans dp
rsooc/e. e
dweadsi4p.irtoh-,
monument to the memory of the late Earl of Yarbo-
btaalkloetn
posed.r Yarbo-
rough, ug h wAa s
and Lord Graves, Davenport, Boyce, Harvey Coombe,
Esq., and Robertson, Lyon, and Pinney, Esqrs., were
elected members of the club.
SUDDEN DEATH.—Mr. Alderman Banister, Pur-
veyor to her Majesty at Windsor, an old and highly re-
spected inhabitant of that town, who had served the
office of mayor three times, was found, yesterday morn-
ing, dead in his bed, upon one of his daughters entering
his room, between seven and eight o'clock. The de-
ceased, who had been ill for some time previously, ap-
peared in better health than he had been for some days,
and in excellent spirits, on his retiring to rest the even-
ing before. He was in his 68th year.
IMPUDENT ROBBERY.—On Thursday morning two
fellows walked into the house of Mr. William Brown,
Prospect-place, Salthill, during the absence of the in-
mates, and after dressing themselves in suits of clothe
belonging to Mr. Brown, walked quietly. off in their new
habiliments without exciting the suspicion of the next-
doorsupposed to be
neighbours. The thieves, who are
a couple of well known beggars frequenting the
neigh-
bourhood of Slough and Eton, left their rags behind them.
RAILWAY NOTICES.—A daily issue of the London
Gazette is taking place, in order to enable railway com-
panies to comply with the terms of the standing orders
directing the publication of their respective Parliamen-
tary notices therein. The Gazette of Thursday contains
51 notices of intended applications for railway Acts next
session. The majority of the current notices appear to
be from existing companies, who are desirous either to
construct new branches or works, or to sell or lease
their lines to the directors of other companies.
Dorr COLON, THE PRESENT CORREGIDOR (LORD
MAYOR) OF MADRID.—It may not be generally known
that the present chief magistrate of the Spanish capital,
Don Colon Portugal Duke de Verazua, is a descendant
of a Geneose sailor, we mean Christopher Colon. The
erratic, adventurous, nay, indigent life of the great dis-
coverer, up to an advanced age, are generally known.
But scarcely was the deed done than a whole host of
Dukes, Counts, and all sorts of Hidalgos (nobles),
crowded around the family of the once neglected. Co-
lumbus made three wills, in 1497, 1502, and 1506, which
have produced a number of lawsuits, one of which took
place as late as 1792, aid the acts of which are printed,
and to be found in the library of the British Museum,
under the title, "Hecho del Pleyto." The present Don
Colon, however, got clear of all that, and is a nobleman
in affluent circumstances.

MIDDLESEX HOSPlTAL.—Thursday morning, at an
early hour, a special general meeting of the governors
and supporters of this extensively useful institution was
held at the board-room of the establishment, for the pur-
pose of electing an assistant physician, and on other
general business. The chair was taken by Thomas
Haviland Burke, Esq. The report, read by the secre-
tary, Alexander Shedder', Esq., was of the most satis-
factory nature, and some preliminary business having
been disposed of, the election was forthwith commenced.
The candidates for the vacant office were Dr. Robert
Gordon Latham and Dr. J. W. Woodfall. After a very
animated and close coatest of four hours, Dr. Latham
was chosen by a majority of 21 over his opponent; the
numbers being, at the close of the poll, for Dr. Latham
190 votes and 93 proxies, and for Dr. Woodfall 200 votes
and 62 proxies. The result appeared to be highly
satisfactory to the meeting, which shortly afterwards
having paid the customary compliment to the
Gbbrwokerau p,
oth

METROPOLITAN GRAVE-YARD-

Mr. G. A. Walker, a surgeon and the author of
several weds on inetropo:i tan sepulture, commence:d the
first of a series of lectur,s, last evening, at ti'e Me-
chanics' Institution, Sauthampton-buildings, on the
moral and physical effects arising from the practice of
interring the dead in the midst the living. lie said,
it seemed strange that in the middle of the nineteenth
century—in the capital of the civilised world—in a
country distinguished for its respect for public decency,
for high moral feeling, and, above all, for its profeision
of Christian principles—any necessity should exist for
an appeal against a practice which inevitably led to re-
sults that inflicted deep injury on public morals, and
which was highly detrimental to the health of the
community. Yet such was the fact. Scarcely a day
passed without their witnessing the most revolting
violations of the sanctuaries of the dead ; whilst
the hundreds of burying places in this large me-
tropolis, permitted to exist in the midst of its living
population, were so many centres of infection, labora-
tories of malaria, whence issue most offensive and deadly
compounds, the gaseous products of human putrefaction,
the food, if not the principle, of malignant disease and
premature death. As Christians they were called upon to
crush, and for ever, a system that necessarily entailed
and imposed the daily execution of deeds, from the per-
petration of which barbarians would recoil with abhor-
rence—as men, as members of a civilised community,
it was their duty to remove constantly increasing causes
of discomfort, disease, and frequently inconceivable
suffering ; existing more especially among their
poorer brethren, whose poverty, and whose avocations
too frequently compelled them to reside in localities
where the evil was most prominent—where the burying-
places, public and private, were more numerous and
most dangerously surcharged. He had employed,
during many years, every legitimate means for the pur-
pose of effecting this great moral and sanatory reforma-
tion, and his object in commencing this series of lectures
was in the hope that at their conclusion, sympathies
newly awakened, and judgments more fully informed,
might result in such an expression of opinion, as should
convince all but the unduly prejudiced or the deeply in-
terested, that the confidence of a too generous public
might neither be systematically abused nor insulted with
impunity, and that ere long they would demand from the
Legislature the complete abolition of a system which
weighed down the energies of the strong, imperilled the
life of the weak, and lowered the standard of vitality in
the aggregate population. After disclaiming that he was
actuated by any personal motive in entering on his cru
sade against interment in populous cities, and indig-
nantly denying the charge imputed to him, that
he had made a vile attempt to impose upon the
public and the Legislature in the books he, had written
on the subject, and by the evidence given by him before
a Parliamentary Committee, appointed to investigate the
subject, he went on to illustrate by unmistakeable data,
the condition of many of the grave-yards of London, and
the evils which they had caused, and were causing, to
those located in their vicinity. There was scarcely a single
grave-yard vault, or receptacle for the dead, in London,
that was not over-charged ; they were not under any
superintendence, and large profits were derived from
them ; bodies were mutilated and destroyed in various
stages of decomposition in order to makeroom for others.
The mortality in London annually might be computed at
52,000, or 260,000 in five years, which was the lowest
possible period which should be allowed for the destruc-

tion of the human body in graves. An acre of ground
contained 43,580 square feet, which, divided by 32, the
number of square feet required for a single adult
interment, would give 1,361 as the number of spaces let
for graves in an acre of ground. If the burying grounds
of London, some of which had been in use for centu-
ries, contained only eighty acres, portions of which had
been pre-occupied by monuments, tombs, headstones,
&c., this space would receive 109,000 bodies, which
would leave, in fire years, 151,000 bodies to be disposed
of, or in other words, uninterred—hence had resulted
the mutilation of bodies and the destruction of their cof-
fins ; and the same system prevailed in most of the other
large towns of the empire. The statistics which the
lecturer furnished proved, that the churchyards of London
are just so many masses of human corruption, that num-
bers had died from simply inhaling the gaseous dis-
charge, and that the time had long since arrived when
interment in London, and all crowded cities, should be
strictly forbidden by the Legislature, and the dead in-
terred in cemeteries in the suburbs.

Mr. Walker was attentively listened to and applauded
by a numerous and sympathising audience.

THE PROPOSED EXPEDITION OF
GENERAL FLORES TO THE EQUADOR.
The Lords of the Treasury having directed the legal
process to be proceeded with against the Glenelg India-
man, and the Monarch and Neptune steam-ships, which
were intended to take part in the proposed expedition_ of
General Flores to the Equador, the following particu•
Lars relating to the contemplated invasion may be read
with interest:—
In the early part of June the directors of the General
Steam Navigation Company were applied to for the sale
of two of their powerful steamers, and eventually two
were disposed of, viz., the Monarch and the Neptune.
About the same time application was made from the
same quarter to Mr. Green, the owner of the Glenelg,
and which was then lying in the East India Docks,
for its purchase, which was also effected. The pur-
chase money was paid, and they were consigned to a
Captain Chararete, who formerly was a marine
captain in the East India Company's service. Their
complete repair was immediately proceeded with,
the utmost expedition being used in getting them
ready for sea. They were represented to be for foreign
service, and that the Glenelg would be employed as an
emigrant ship. The unusual description of work for the
merchant's service mentioned in the shipwright's con-
tracts excited at the time much attention, but similar
work having been done to other vessels in the dock,
and sanctioned by the English Government, the sus-
picions created by the fitting of the Glenelg and the
steamers passed away. About the beginning of Sep-
tember' however, the fact of a Colonel, who had served
under General Flores in Columbia, being in London,
authorised, as it was said, to engage men to aid the
Spaniards in a certain expedition, and also to grant
commissions to officers with the same view, created more
specific suspicions as to the purposes for which the
vessels were intended. By the following month facts
had transpired which tended to confirm previous suppo-
sitions; and on the 20th of that month, Lord Palmerston
received a protest in respect to them,
signed by Baring
Brothers and Co., and the principal firms in the City.
And subsequently a second protest was forwarded from
the the president ofhe Manchester Commercial Association,
embodying the same facts.
To this protest a reply was received, which has been
already published, announcing that the attention of the
Government was directed to the subject; and in fact
measures were immediately taken to ascertain the truth
of the alleged suspicions. The Customs were directed
to institute inquiries, and several of the most active
officers connected with the 'detective police force were
employed in the proceeding.. A few days' exertion suf-
ficed to warrant the interference of the Government.
The principals were watched from place to place, and
equitments of a most warlike character were proved to
be among their preparations,.
The fitting out of the vessel proceeded with much
celerity, and they were appointed to leave on last
Thursday. From some unexplained circumstance the
steamers did not leave on that day. The Glenelg,
however, sailed down the river, and took up the usual
moorings off Gravesend. At this juncture, it appears,
the Government had directed the detention of the
vessel, and in the course of the evening Mr. Forsayth,
the principal jerquer of the Customs,
accompanied
by a staff of officers, boarded her, and seized her
under the Equipment and Enlistment Act, the 59th of
Geo. 111., cap. 69, for being unlawfully equipped, with-
out the sanction of her Majesty, for the purpose of com-
mencing hostilities against a foreign power. There
were on board, besides the ship's coca ps,ny (which ap-
peared only to be half-manned), 250 young men, who
seemed to have been recently in the most destitute con-
dition. The officers who had charge of the vessel
frankly admitted that the inen had enlisted to become
either soldiers or marines, and that she was to
touch at Corunna. To a casual observer the vessel
appeared to have been fitted out as an ordinary
emigrant ship, but eloser inspection showed
that the arrangements were very rudely put
together. She is a very large vessel, being
1,200 tons burden. She has three decks, and certainly
in the present state may be more properly termed a
transport ship than one in the emigrant trade. No am-
munition was found by the Government officers, but of
course it is difficult to state what she may really hold
while her cargo is cleared out. . Since her seizure the
Lords of the Treasury have ordered her return to Black-
wall for that purpose. The steamers were seized on
Friday on behalf of the Crown, by Mr. Forsaythiand on
Liverpool
and Southampton,
as last Saturday
f
hioa from Captain
inspecting them there can be no doubt of the purposes
h
for which they were intended ; they have been entirely
new rigged and altered to carry guns of lartghheeechaLaldiobrdres.
Since
the detention
fittedo
them of
the Treasury
Chararete (who was eventually to he appointed as the
have
received o
a threep
that
Admiral of the fleet), soliciting their restitution, assert-
ing it na
take
thate them
out
ato
o a
the we
matterrceohasi his
to
foo wf speculation,ns p a in, shipstae
intended to
an there to dispose of
d property,
thatthem at the best advantage to himself. The result of
the application has not transpired.
There is every reason to believe that a large amount
of ammunition and guns have already been shipped, not
owonerl
eytkha ine coastthv the
ssvessel
of
saThames,spsaui assuming but at
vreLeninvcaehs colourstr left the river
from Erith, with 3,0001b5. of gunpowder, her papers
stating her to be for Cuba.
Should the vessels be proved to be of the description
suspected, they will not only be confiscated to the Crown,
but the owners are liable to imprisonment and fine.
General Flores is at present in London.

rhsedZreen Dragon,
Yre Tath4; an inquest
Villiers.street, Strand, on the body
LAUDANUM.—Thursday DBaeNdufos tr.d—,
of Alice King, aged
20, a domestic servant. The deceased had left her situa-
tionwaSs uhlecldruEbefuo
on Saturday last, and went to reside at a friend's
house in Poland-street, Oxford-street. On the following
day she appeared unusually dull and low spirited, and
on being spoken to she acknowledged that a something
preyed heavily on her mind, but she refused to reveal
what it was. On Monday morning she complained of
being very ill, and on attempting to walk she could
scarcely stand. She was conveyed to her aunt's in
Duke-street, Adelphi, who, suspecting she had taken
poison, had her removed to the Charm...cross Hospital,
where on searching her pockets a phial; labelled " Lau-
danum—Poison," was discovered. The stomach pump
was immeliately applied, and some laudanum brought
from the stomach, but the poison having been taken
some time it had got absorbed into the system. She
expired the same evening. The inquiry was eventually
adjourned to obtain further evidence as to her state of
mind. -

RAILWAY FARES

The following are extracts from the evidence printed,
together with the second report from the Select Commit-
tee on Riilwa.y Acts Enactments. It illustrates the fare
system abroad as well as at home. The first extracts
are from the testimony of W. Reed. Esq.
Will you now state the rates charged upon the Paris
and Rouen Railway 2—For first class passengers we
charge 16 francs, which may be called 12s. 9d.; that is
1 8-10 d. per mile.
Including how much luggage 2—Fifteen kilogrammes;
30 pounds.
What is the charge for passengers' luggage exceeding
30 pounds ?---Six francs the 100 kilogrammes, which is
about 2s. 6d. a hundred.

Is not that much less than is now allowed upon the
new lines ?—Yes ; on new lines the quantity of luggage
allowed is doubled.

What is the fare by the second class ?—The second
class is 13 francs, which is 10s. 4id.; and that is about
1.46 d. per mile English.
What luggage is allowed for the second class ?—The
same quantity.
Are those second-class passengers carried in closed
carriages ?—ln closed carriages, which are lined, glazed,
and cushioned.

What are the third class ?—The third class we charge
10 francs, which you may call 85., that is, 1.13 d., a little
more than a penny and a tenth.
What luggage do you allow the third-class passengers?
—The same.
What description of carriages ?—Open carriages ; at
present entirely open.
With seats ?--With seats, but no curtains and no roof.
Then we send also third-class passengers by our goods
trains, and we charge those people 6 francs, which is
4s. 91d. for the whole distance, which is at the rate of
two- thirds of a penny per mile, as nearly as possible.
What is the difference of speed between your goods
trains and the other trains?—We are about six hours
going by the goods trains, and four by the others, so that
we can carry 80 miles for 4s. 9id.
Do the goods trains start during the daytime, as other
trains ?—They start at one o'clock in the day.
Have you as many of those trains as you have of
others ?—No, we have only one in the day ; all the rest
of our goods go at night. They are essenti ally goods
trains. We are as particular about our goods trains in
France as we are about passenger trains. There is one
starts about one o'clock in the day.
Does it load very much ?—Not very much.
What luggage is allowed to the third-class passengers
by the goods trains ? The same luggage in all cases.
Are your rates higher than upon the Orleans line ?
I think they are higher than upon any new 'railway in
France. It is right that I should state that these are
the rates from end to end of the line ; but we felt it ex-
pedient, about a twelvemonth ago, to lower those rates
for the first 35 miles out of Paris, and the intermediate
stations, and also for the first 18 or 19 miles out of
Rouen, so as to give to the inhabitants of those large
towns an opportunity of going cheaply comparatively
short distances take the instance from Paris to Mai-
sons ;itis 17 kilometres. We are allowed to charge
10 centimes a kilometre, and the fare, therefore, would
be 1 franc 70 centimes. Instead of that we take now
1 franc 25 centimes ; in round numbers it comes to
10 miles for ls., and, therefore, it is 1 2-10 d. a mile for
the second-class passengers going ten miles out of the
metropolis. The intermediate distances we have also
lowered, more especially those near to the two termini.
You think it is no advantage to the Rouen line to have
a higher rate of charge than the Orleans ?—I think not;
of course it remains to be tried ; my own opinion is that
it is not an advantage.
With a line to Caen charging Orleans prices, it would
not be practicable to continue the higher charges upon
the Rouen ?—No ; I think there is an understanding that
we shall charge the lower rates for all passengers join-
ing us at Caen, and if it comes to that we shall of course
have to do it for the whole.

Then the charge will be uniform for all the great lines
in France ?—Yes ; I think the French Government have
come to this conclusion, that they will have one tariff for
passengers on all the lines ; and if the traffic on some
lines is not sufficiently remunerative the) will make it
up in some other way, either by making part of the r#l-
- at their own cost, or lending or giving a sum of
money, so as to make it worth while to carry passen-
gers at that price.
You mean that they intend to have a maximum rate
for all lines ?—Tes.

They would not object to the company's reducing
their rates ?—No, if any one would be weak enough to
take a railway without remuneration, I dare say they
would not object to that ; but all laws for making rail-
ways in France emanate from the Government, and are
founded upon estimates of the cost and traffic previously
ascertained. If they found that it was not likely to be
remunerative at those prices, they would give something
to make it so.
What do they consider a remunerative rate of interest
to the parties P—From five to six per cent.
Will you now state what classes of persons you are
obliged to carry, by the law applicable to your line, at a
less price than your ordinary rate ?—We are obliged to
carry the military at half-price.
And the military going in bodies at a less price still ?
—No, that is so in subsequent concessions, but does not
apply to the Rouen Railway.
Under article 43, solders aud sailors going singly upon
the public service must be carried at half-price ?—Yes.
You have had experience of the different systems.
which prevail on the lines of railroad in France saki in
England ; it is your opinion that the
_fares on the
lines of railroad in this country are higher than are
necessary for a profit?—Yes, I have always been of that

opinion.
Do you think that if the fares had been lower the
lines would have been as profitable, or even more so,
than they have in fact been?—l believe they would have
been more profitable.
From your experience shoul -atnit.was wise
on the part of railway companie
class passengers, by placing them ittuveointoTtAle:car-
riages?—No, the experience which I he had in.Fi=ance
goes directly to destroy that notion, if Dliad ever enter-
tained it. When we first opened the Itoukline,
been always bound to take third-class carriages, we put
third-class carriages to two trains a day or The.
Government insisted upon it that by thew, we
ought to attach them to every train. We '4 con-
tested that doctrine, and we went 'on contesting
suppose for nearly twelve months; during those tweli
months we merely took third-class passengers by two
trains a day ; ultimately we began to alter our opinion,
and to think it would be better to attach third-class car-
riages to every train. We did so, and we have gone on
increasing the number of passengers and our receipts
ever since. We opened the railway on the 9th of May,
1843 ; up to the 31st of December of that year we took
of first-class passengers, 73,811 ; of second class passen-
gers, 251,250 ; and of third-class passengers, 99,082.
During that time there were only two-third-class
trains running daily ?—Exactly ; in the beginning of
the year, 1844 we began to attach third-class carriages
to each train ; we took in that year 108,170 first-class
passengers,'second-class 352, 296, and third class 341,844.
In the following year we took first-class passengers
120,568, second class 434,343, and third-class 410,7ii0.
These numbers will show that, although the number of
first and second-class passengers was not diminished,
but augmented, we had an immense augmentation of
third-class passengers.
Were the second-class passengers carried during the
whole of that time in closed carriages ?—Yes.
In what kind of carriages were the third-class pas-
sengers carried?—ln open carriages with benches in
them.

Are they now carried in that way?—They are still so
carried; but the French Government have inststed, in
all the latter lines, that the third-class carriages shall
be covered; that is to say, shall have a roof, and curtains
on the sides, for which additional comfort to the public
they have agreed to allow 5i centimes for a kilometre
to be charged instead of five, which was given before.
The fare is raised to the third-class passengers to that
amount ?—Yes, half a centime to the kilometre.

Ig the Rouen line about to conform to that ?—I men

tinned on Friday that the tariff on the Rouen line is
higher than any other in France. We have altered the
tariff in practice as to short distances upon the line. I
have no doubt that we shall eventually find it our in-
terest to make it general, and conform to the standard
of the Orleans Railway ; but we are not compelled to
do so by law.
You carry a great many English people upon that
line 2—Yes, a great many of the first-class passengers arc
English.
Is it not the case that you carry more first-class
passengers than many foreign railways carry, because
there are so many English who travel upon the line?—l
believe that it is so.

Is it not the case that on foreign railways generally
there are few first-class passengers?—l believe about ten
per cent.
Is there the same difference in the rate of fares
between first-class, second.class, and third. class pas-
sengers, as there is in England?—No; the French tai iff
is, in my opinion, better. In the case of the Rouen line
the fares are in the proportion of five, four, and three,
between the three classes.
D. Salomons, Esq.
Have you had any opportunities of ascertaining what
are the comparative charges made for passengers and
goods on French and English railways?—l have. I wish
to state, in the first instance, that I went over to France
with Mr. Robert Stephenson and others, when the
northern line of France was first projected, in the year
1843, and my attention having thus been directed in the
first instance to the statistics of French railways, I have
since taken an interest in other lines, and from these
circumstances have been induced to make inquiries, and
to collect" information respecting the general system of
French railways.
Will you give the Committee any examples or com-
parative statements with which you may be furnished on
the subject? —I thought, perhaps, the most convenient
way might be to examine the comparative fares on some
of the completed lines of railway in France, such as the
Orleans and the Rouen Railways, with lines of a nearly
similar length in England. I have taken the Orleans
Railway for one, and the Rouen for another. The Paris
to Orleans Railway is 121 kilometres, or 76 miles long;
the Rouen 180136 kilometres-, or 85 miles long. I have
taken, in comparison with them, the South,Eastern to
Folkestone and Dover, which is 88 miles; the South-
Western, which is, I think, about 75 or 76 miles; the
Birmingham, from London to Rugby, which is 85, and
the Manchester to Birmingham, which is 85 miles. I
find that the charge fortee first class to Dover is
the second class, 10s.; third class, 6s. I find from
London to Rugby it is 14s. 6d. first class, 10s. second,
and 6s. 11d. third class. On the Manchester and Bir-
mingham, the first class is 155.; second class, lls.; and
third class, 7s. Id. The fare for the first class on the
Rouen is 135.; for the second class, 10s. 9d.; and for the
third class, open carriages, Bs. 3d. I refer in each case
to the fares actually charged. I find upon the Orleans,
' which is 76 miles long, they charge 12s. for the coupee
F (this is a superior class); the ordinary first. class charge
is 10s.; the second class, 7s. 9d.; paid the third clan is

ss. 3d. The South-Western is 14s. first Class, 102.
second, and 6s. 6d. third. I beg to state, with regard to
the South Western, that I have excluded the fast and
express trains, which are charged rather higher. If I
calculated the tariff of the Orleans Railway, so as to
make it the same length as the Rotten, that is 85 miles,
instead of 76, its charge would be thus, according to the
tariff-11s. 6d. for the first class, Bs. 9d. for the second
class, and 6s. for the third class. In instituting a fair
comparison between the English and the French railways,
we ought to observe that, upon French railways, there is
a very small amount of luggage allowed free of extra
charge. On the Orleans Railway it is only 15 kilo-
grammes, which is 30 pounds ; even half a pound
exceeding is charged for all classes by an increased scale
so as to make it 2s. extra; yia cannot take a pound more
luggage on the Orleans Railway beyond the tariff with•
out being charged 2s. for the extra weight. I find that
on English lines of railway, on the Dover, for example,
you may carry 84 pounds first class, and 56 second and
third. On the London to Rugby line you are allowed
100 pounds first class, 100 pounds second class, and 56
third class. On the Manchester and Birmingham there
is 100 pounds first class, 100 second, and 60 third class
allowed. On the Rouen Railway it is only 15 kilo-
grammes, which is allowed, but now I think they are
become rather more liberal. There is another material
item, that of horses and carriages for travellers. You
pay for one horse on the South-Eastern line 345., for
two horses 465., for three horses 625. On the Rouen line
the prices are very nearly the same, 28s. for one horse,
455. for two, and 625. for three horses. But on the
Orleans you pay 30s. for one horse, 555. for two horses,
and 755. for three horses. On the Manchester and
Birmingham line you pay 21s. for one horse, 425. for
two horses, and 635. for three horses. For a carriage on
the Dover line you would pay 455.; on the Rouen line,
485.; on the Orleans, if it is a small carriage, you pay
505., if it has double seats, or has a box, you pay 765.
I have made a table, which I will put in, of the cost of a
family travelling to Dover, Rouen, or to Orleans. I
assume that the family would require two first-class
seats, two second-class seats, and the conveyance of a
carriage; the cost of such a family travelling to Dover
would be 955.; to Rouen, 955. 6d.; whereas the convey-
ance of the same persons to Orleans would be 118 s. 6d.
To elucidate the facts still more with regard to the
charges for baggage, without which it is hardly fair to
look at the mere charge made for carrying passengers, I
wish to state to the committee that the overweight of
luggage on the Orleans line of railway, in the year
1844, was 6,952,085 kilogrammes, which was charged
375,2881., or 15,0001., whereas the parcels or light goods
carried by the passenger trains amounted to 4,384,619
kilogrammes, the charge for which was 122,361 f., or
4,900/. ; from which it appears that they carried about
half the quantity more of passengers' luggage than they
did of parcels and of light goods, and that they received
three times more than they received for their parcels.
Does that which you have now stated include all that
you wish to say respecting the fares of passengers and
luggage ?-I have only compared the Orleans line with
the Dover line ; and I think that I ought to state to the
committee that the Orleans tariff is adopted'now as the
standard tariff in France on all lines, with the exception
of a relaxation to a larger amount of baggage ; there is
a larger amount of baggage now allowed ; the Northern
line allows 30 kilogrammes, which is 601b5., and the
Avignon to Marseilles tariff is 20 kilogrammes, or 401bs.
You are aware that the Northern line tariff, as respects
luggage, is adopted on all the other lines which have
lately been conceded ?-I have stated that the tariff, as
regards passengers and luggage, has been extended to
601bs. instead of 301bs.