The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-11 00:00:00

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ELEGANT CHRISTMAS PRESENT.
Now Ready, in STo., handsomely Bound in Cloth Gilt, with Portrai
on India Paper.
LAMARTI.NE'S LIFE AND POEMS
By the Rev. W. PULLING, M.A.
London : Charles Wright, 3, Argyll-street.

THE FINANCIAL REFORM ASSOCIATION
have published the following TRA,..:TS
No. I. THE CIVIL LIST.
No. 2.—THE PENSION LIST.
No. 3.—THE CUSTOMS and EXCISE.
No. 4.—TIIE. ARMY.
To be followed by the
ORDNANCE, COMMISSARIAT, NAVY, COLONIES, CROWN
LANDS, &c., &c.
ONE PENNY EACH.
London :—The trade supplied by Simpkin, Marshal, and Co., Sta-
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gate. Manchester: Abel Heywood. Edinleurgh : J. Menzies,
Prince's-street.
Subscribers of Ten Shillings or upwards become Members, and are
entitled to all the publications free by post.
ROBERTSON GLADSTONE, President.
Financial Reform Association,
Hargraves-buildings, Liverpool, Oct., 1848.

ON PROFIT of BEE-KEEPING. By Dr
scuokmoitE.

See the AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE and GARDENERS'
CIIRONICLE of Saturday. The Gardeners' Chronicle may be or-
dered of any Newsvender, price 6d., stamped to go free by post.
Office for Advertisements and Communications, 5, Upper Welling-
ton-street, Covent-garden, London.

ENGLISII and SCOTCH FARMING.
See the AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE and GARDENERS'
CHRONICLE of Saturday. The Agricultural Gazette may be
ordered of all News Agents, price 6d. weekly, stamped to go free
by post. Office for Communications and Advertisements, 5, Upper
Wellington-street, Covent-garden, London.

p LANTAGENET GUARD RAZOR, 140;
STRAND.

"The arrangement is so complete that a person can shave up-
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Price 6s. ; best ivory handles, Bs. ; sent post free for Bd. extra, by
C. Stewart and Co., the Patentees, Warehouse 140, Strand, opposite
Catherine-street.

Every Guard is stamped "C. Stewart and C 0.," to imitate which
is forgery.

TO MR. PROUT, 229, STRAND.
" No. 208, Piccadilly, London, October 19, 1847.
" Sir,—lt is now three and a half years since I was sorely afflicted
with Rheumatic Gout, the suffering from which induced me to try
all the proposed remedies that extensive medical experience could
devise, without obtaining any satisfactory relief from pain. -During
one of the paroxysms a friend advised me to try BLAIR'S GOUT
and RHEUMATIC PILLS, observing that he had in some severe
cases taken them himself, and they proved very successful. I in-
stantly adopted his advice, and to my joy the excruciating torment
soon began to abate, and a few boxes restored me to health, since
which I have had no return of the complaint.
I trust you will give publicity to my case, that suffering humanity
may know how to obtain a remedy for this distressing disease.
" I am, Sir, your obedient humble servant,
" MICHAEL NASMYTH."

The above testimonial is a further proof of the efficacy of Blair's
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Sold by Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London, and, by his appoint-
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Ask for BLAIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS, and observe
the name and address of " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London," im-
pressed upon the Government Stamp affixed to each box of the
Genuine Medicine.

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
)N PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, &ND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
tr.* post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
_IL the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
maliflcatlons. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
U.. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox-
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PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
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PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive indul-
;ence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity.
Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Engravings.
PART IV. contains a Prescription for the Prevention of Disease
by a simple application, by which the danger of infection is ob-
viated. This important part of the Work should not escape the
reader's notice.

PART f. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
duties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
THECOADIAL BALM or SMIACIIM is exclusively employed in treat-
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L 0 V E is the leading feeling of the human
breast. More exalted than mere passion, it soars high above
every.other impulse of nature, and is not only stronger than avarice,
but more engrossing even than ambition. No man is exempt from
its influence, or can avoid its sway; and business, pleasure, philo-
sophy, and divinity itself become neglected under the enthralling
power of LOVE, which, unlike most things, increases in intensity
with time, until it receives the sacred consummation of marriage.
When union does not take place, however, this passion, this
fervour; this golden .tide of the manliest feelings becomes a deadly
poison in the heart, which now darkens, as it before bright-
ened, all things upon earth. How is it that men, of most un-
changeable habits, will change at the very altar, and after a life-
time Spent in the fulfilment of every engagement, snap the very con-
tract:asunder which should be most binding to an honourable mind?
It is the effect of conscience. The Lover, by enervation of early
habits, or the results •of secret disease, knows himself to be
disqualified, and dares not enter a state which has been
instituted by Divine • Law for tke fulfilment of important
ends. The wretched condition of such a being must subsequently be
beyond measure deplorable I Loving and beloved, he entails the
most miserable disappointments on the object of his choice, and upon
himself a desolation thelnost horrible, when the simple possession of
natural attributes would change the scene, and yield to both a life of
analleyed happiness. The subject is interesting, and deserves the
attention of all. Those desirous of investigating it will find the
fullest and most satisfactory information in the little work entitled

SELF-FItESERVATION,
Illustrated by forty coloured engravings on the anatomy, physiology,
and diseases of the reproductive organs; with practical observe-
ions en the secret infirmities of youth and maturity, resulting from
solitary habits, excesses, or infection.

By SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University' of
Edinburgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Mall, London, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
This treatise is the result of a long course of study in a peculiar and
much neglected branch of medical practice, and the author having ob-
tained the highest medical honours, is a guarantee for his profes-
sional experience, which has reference almost solely to the treat-
ment of these diseases.

REVIEW OF THE WORK.
La'Mert on the Infirmities of Youth and Maturity.—" There are
scenes in the drama of life which are acted with no spectator but
Conscience ; and of these the result is ever disastrous. Happy the
mortal who meets with a timely mentor to snatch him from the gulf
into which such scenes must plunge him I In the book before is
such a monitor is to be found, calculated to warn and instruct the
erring, without impairing one idea that can vitiate a mind not al-
ready tutored by the vices of which it treats. It is written in a style
of masterly precision and lucidity, blending the profoundest truths of
philosophy and physics with the loftiest precepts of morality. It is a
production calculated to confer a vital benefit, physically and morally,
upon all who are tempted from the rigid path of abstemiousness and
propriety. A father may trust it in the hands of his boy. By un
taught innocence the book is not, of course, needed ; but wherever
laxity has prevailed, the tender yet awful voice breathing in these
pages is likely to prove as strikingly beneficial as the admonitions of
a homily blended with the practical advice of a writer on medicine."
—United Kingdom Magazine.
The work may be had price 2s. 6d., of Kent and Richards, 52,
Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Starie, Tichborne-
Street, Haymarket ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Mansell, 115,
Fleet-street; or, free by post, for forty-two stamps, from the author's
residence, who may be consulted on these disorders personally, or
oy letter, daily, from Ten to Two, or from Five teEight.
V. BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.

[PRICE SD.

COMBINED VAPOUR ENGINE.
On Friday we had an opportunity of examining an
engine on this principle invented by M. Du Tremblay, at
the yard of Messrs. Horne, the engineers of High-street,
Whitechapel, in full work. The engine was originally
brought out in Paris, in 1846; subsequently the French
Government had an engine on the principle of theinven-
tor, with some trifling modifications, constructed, and
appointed commissioners, with M. La Fonte, an officer of
marines, at their head, to experimontalise as to its value.
This commission made a report in July last, in which
they stated that the power of the steam-engine was more
than doubled by the addition of M. Du Tremblay 's appa-
ratus, without any additional fuel being required; and
that, consequently, the space occupied by the combined
apparatus was below that of a steam-engine by reason of
the diminution in the boiler and the number of furnaces
required. According to a description of the inven-
tion with which we were favoured by Mr. Horne, it
appears that it is applied " either to a single engine
with
.two cylinders and pistons, or, as is usual for
maritime purposes, two distinct engines with a cylinder
and piston each." To the engine exhibited a small pipe
is attached from a boiler, by which one of the pistons is
acted upon by steam, as in the ordinary steam-engine.
Upon the escape of the steam from the first cylinder in
which it so acts upon the piston, it is received in an air-
tight case, termed a vapouriser, in which there are a
number of small copper tubes filled with perchloride, or
chloroform. Upon the steam coming into contact with
the tubes, the perchloride becomes vapourised, and works
the other cylinder, while the steam is condensed and re-
turns into the boiler, as warm water, to regenerate fresh
steam, or motive power. In the mean time, the per-
chloride, after exerting its force upon the second
cylinder, is, in its turn, condensed, and, by means of
a force pump, returned to theivapooriser, which it thus
kept regularly supplied, the perchloride being alter-
nately vapourised and condensed. In addition to the
advantage of giving greater power to engines than by
the ordinary steam process, the vapour being nearly as
to_ 1 more powerful than steam, it is stated that a
saving of nearly 50 per cent. is effected in fuel—a great
desideratum, irrespective of the saving in cost, to:steam-
vessels going on long voyages, where it is desirable to
have the fuel in as small bulk as possible. M. Du
Tremblay originally used ether as his vapourising
agent, but, at the suggestion of M. Arago, the eminent
French astronomer, he has substituted perchloride,
which, although it did not vapourise at quite so low a
temperature as ether, has the advantage of being per-
fectly incombustible and inexplodable, thus removing
an objection which was made to the invention as origi-
nally brought out of the inflammable nature of the liquid
used. We are informed by Mr. Du Tremblay that an
engine of similar construction to that exhibited on Fri-
day (which is about 10 or 12-horse power) or 35-
horse power, has been constantly at work for 14 hours
a day at a glass manufactory in Lyons for more than 12
months, during which time the liquid used has been
ether, without any accident or disarrangement of the
machinery having occurred. The inventor having se-
cured the right to the sole use of the invention in the
United Kingdom, we understand that a company is
about to be formed to bring it before the public, one
with a similar object having been already formed in
France.

LIGHT RAILWAY PASSENGER
ENGINES.
THE " FAIRFIELD."

On Friday the first long trip was made with a class of
locomotive which, in connexion with a carriage attached
and fixed to the same frame, is considered by some
practical men to be the one thing necessary for an eco-
nomical mode of working much of the branch traffic of
the country—a species of railway trade that has, per se,
sadly disappointed the anticipations of the majority of
railway directors. The engine, or rather the engine-car-
riage in question, is the " Fairfield," described by us
some ten days or a fortnight since, and has,
as we then stated, been constructed by Mr.
Adams, of th• Fairfield works, near Bow, for
the Bristol and Exeter Company, who purpose work-
ing with it the traffic of their Tiverton Branch.
The engine itself weighs about five tons, and is
attached to the carriage both transversely and longi-
tudinally by bolts, so that the two run together upon one
frame. The engine has a 4 feet 6-inch driving-wheel,
an 8-inch cylinder, and a 12-inch stroke. She has an
upright boiler, her heating surface, including 25 feet of
fire-box, is 235 feet, and she keeps steam very well at
100Ibs. pressure. The entire length of the engine and
carriage is, we believe, 40 or 41 feet, and the distance
between her leading (vie., her driving) wheels and the
trailing-wheels, 28 feet. The centre and trailing-
wheels run loose on their axles, which also run
loose on their journals. The carriage is a composite
one, with a first compartment affording accommodation
for 16, and a second-class compartment for holding 32
persons.

- The tender, as we explained in our previous notice,
is in front of the driving-wheels, and holds about 920
gallons. The coke is carried in a box attached to the
front of the carriage.
The Strip wade on Friday was from Paddington to
Swindon and back. The number of guests was 18, but
the second-class compartment was weighted so as to
make the load taken equal to the full complement of
passengers. Among those who made the trip were—
Mr. Mac Gregor, the chairman, and Mr. Smale, one of
the directors of the South-Eastern Company; Mr. Bruce
the chairman of the East Anglian Company; Mr. Farey,
C.E., Mr. Roney, the secretary of the Eastern Counties
Railway; Mr. D. Gooch, the locomotive superintendent
of the Great Western Railway; Mr. Samuel, the resi-
dent engineer of the Eastern Counties; Mr. Adams, the
patentee; Mr. A. Sturrock, the superintendent of the
Swindon locomotive works of the Great Western
line; Mr. Hjorth, the inventor of the electro-
magnetic engine; Mr. Reynolds,' who carried out
i the whole of the details for the construction of the en-
gine; and several other gentlemen.:
The weather was extremely unfavourable, a stiff side
wind prevailing all the way down to Swindon. In addi-
tion to this, the " little pa►senger engine" laboured un-
der the disadvantage of a leak at the mouthpiece of the
boiler. As the leak was inwards, it tended slightly to
damp the fire. A drizzling rain fell almost throughout
the trip, but as the driving-wheels have four or five tons
1 upon them, there was very little chance of their
" slipping."
In the journey down, the driver, Alexander Hind-
marsh, a picked man from the Eastern Counties, and
who worked the engine admirably, was obliged to slacken
his speed over several of the girder bridges, as there
was some doubt whether the tank and framing, which
are not more than nine inches from the rails, would
clear the timbers. He was obliged to slacken for
several miles, by a goods train being ahead. This
slackening afforded abundant opportunity of testing the
starting and stopping capacity of the engine; and, as
will be very naturally supposed, the "little" engine be-
haved remarkably well under the test. She " brought
up " in 150 or 200 yards from 30 or 35 to 6 or 8 miles
per hour, and got into her speed again within a quarter
of a mile.

The maximum speed going down was 38'3 miles per
hour, up a gradient of 4 feet per mile. The consump-
tion of coke, with the heavy wind and all the drawbacks
invariably attendant upon the working of a new engine,
was, we understand, 14ibs. per mile.
At Swindon the fire was "drawn," and the leak in the
mouth-piece of the boiler greatly lessened.
The speed from Swindon to Paddington was very
good. The greater portion of the trip was run at an
average speed of upwards of 43 miles per hour, and the
maximum velocity down four feet per mile was 49'3
miles per hour. The distance from Slough to the ticket
platform at Paddington, about 17i miles, was run within
30 minutes, including the time lost in slackening for up•
wards of a mile in approaching the platform. Mr. Gooch
rode upon the engine throughout the down and up trips.
We understand that the consumption of coke in the
up journey was from 111 b. to 121 b. per mile. Mr.
Samuel, the resident engineer of the Eastern Counties
Railway, under whose direction the 22 cwt. " Express"
used upon that railway by him for inspecting the per-
manent way was built, and who has given much atten-
tion to the question of light engines, is of opinion that
he will be able to work the " Fairfield" at 71b. of coke
per mile. We think he underrates the quantity that
will be consumed.

In stating the average maximum velocities maintained
i and reached by the passenger engine on Friday, it s ne-
cessary to state that she has not been constructed for
high speeds. The Tiverton branch, for which she has
been built, has very heavy gradients; as heavy, if our
memory does not deceive us, as 1 in 87, and it is with a
view to the working over such gradients that the dia-
meter of the driving-wheel has been limited to 4 feet 6
inches. A similar description of engine-carriage, but
with the common horizontal boiler and a five feet driv-
ing-wheel, is in the course of construction for the
Eastern Counties Company. We have little doubt that
froms6 to 60 miles per hour will be reached by the latter
enels. _

The singular feature in the construction of these light
engines is, that we are returning nearly to the very
weight of the late George Stephenson's "old Rocket,"
which carried off the prize on the memorable trial
of locomotive speed upon the Liverpool and Manches-
ter Railway, in October, 1829 The "Rocket" Was,
road-worthy, 4 tons 5 cwt. With. her tender, 3 tons 4
c!vt., including coke and water, she took two loaded car-
riages, weighing 9 tons 10 cwt., or a gross load of 17
tons, at a maximum velocity of 29 miles per hour. That
experiment was upon a level run of two miles. We here
see that with an engine and tender weighing together,
in working order, 7 tons 9 cwt., a speed of 29 miles per
hour was reached with a gross load of 17 tons. he
precise maximum speed was 29 1.9, and the pressure in
the boiler is stated to have been 50 lbs. only. The
" Fairfield" engine—tender, water, und coke—weighing
5 tons, will, with a gross load of. 13 tons, reach a velo-
city, we believe, of nearly 50 miles per hour; and we
have no doubt that the engine-carriage now being con •
structed for the Eastern Counties Company will, with
its tender, coke, end water, weighing 6 or 6i tons, take
a gross load of 17 tons at 45 miles per hour. Such are
the locomotive improvements over a period of twenty
years. We believe the improvements in steam power, as
applied to eavigation, have been greater, and that during
the last ten years we have reduced the dead weight of
steam-vessels one-third, and increased the relative power
of the engine sixfold.

The oiestion involved in the construction and work-