The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-31 00:00:00

Panning

LONDON. MONDAY. AUGUST 31, 1846.

Another rapid passage of little more than eleven
days has brought us intelligence of singular import-
ance from the United States. This intelligence—
conveyed across the Atlantic by the steam-ship
Hibernia—may be briefly catalogued,- but each of the
facts hereafter enumerated affords food for endless
meditation, and presents an opportunity for innu-
merable conjectures.
The summary of the news contained in our dis-
patches is to the following effect :—The Oregon treaty
ratified by Viscount PALMERSTON and Mr. M'LANE,
had arrived at Washington, and elicited a proclama-
tion from the President calling upon the citizens of
the United States to fulfil the articles thereof. The
American Government had tendered a proposition to
the Mexicans with the view of re-establishing amity
between the two countries, and of bringing their
quarrel to a definite and permanent conclusion.
Beyond this, Congress had adjourned on
the tenth ultimo, after completing the com-
mercial reformation by passing the Warehousing Bill

It is peculiarly interesting to compare the re-
sults of the past sessions, just expired, of the British
and American Legislatures. Simulta4ously with the
arrival of intelligence of the latter the former tran-
spires; the consequent comparison drawn from
them-is in no trivial degree interesting, and in our
regard not altogether unsatisfactory. During the
session of 1846 the Government of Great Britain has
been triumphant in its operations ; victory has at-
tended its deliberations in St. Stephen's and its mili-
tary arrangements in the Seikh territories ; conces-
siomi and submission on the part of its most malig-
nant .antagonists have attested the efficacy of the
modesty, the calitness, and the dignity of its foreign
policy . I,:be Government of America during the same

extraordinary interval has proved either unfortunate
in its operations, or its successes have been of a very
questioaab!e and insufficient character: its modifica-
tions of the laws relating to commerce have aroused
the bile of its monopolists without wholly satisfying
those who are cordially attached to the principles of fr,
trade : its monetary regulations (we etude to the
Sub Treasury Bill, which takes effect on the first of
the approaching January), promise very considerable
future embarrassments, while they have kindled no
small indignation : its braggadocio about the occu-
pation of the whole of Oregon has ended in con-
cessions which would be humiliating, but for the cir-
cumstance that an error is always annihilated by its
acknowledgment ; and, lastly-0 ! vanity of vaunts!
_ _ _

—the Mexican warfare, commenced solely by the ra-
pacity and the spurious valour of the Government of
the United States, promises to close with the impor-
tunities of that same Government for a negotiation
between themselves and their beleaguered opponents.
This is a candid and honest enumeration of the prin-
cipal features in the recent sessions of the British
Parliament and of the United States Congress ; both
terminating within this present August; both re-
markably protracted and eventful ; both enlivened by
recriminations, those of Lord G. BENTINCK and his
colleagues against their previous leader, and those of
Mr. QUINCY ADAMS against the mother country of
his native land! For ourselves the session ha been
fraught with consolations and triumphs; for our
brothers across the Atlantic it has produced scarcely
anything but discomfiture and disappointment. The
termination of this session in Great Britain has been
the alpha of exultation and victory; its conclusion
in the United States has been the very omega of dis.
satisfaction and defeat. It would be curious, more-
over, to draw a comparison between the recent beha-
viour and present position of Sir ROBERT PEEL
and Mr. JAMES K. POLK. HOW PEEL acknowledged
his blunders in seeking the preservAtion of the
protective system, and how POLK persisted in main-
' taining his audacious demand of the entire of the
Oregon territories ; how the former has triumph( d
throughout, and retired from office with a glory never
vouchsafed before to any statesman, and how the
latter has sustained an overthrow in almost
all directions, been compelled to eat his own
vainglorious boast, and continued in office with
a power almost powerless, and an influence almost
contemptible. We cannot, however, expend either
tine or ingenious contrasts upon individuals, wilen
the interests of nations are so precariously balanced
as those of Mexico and the United States.

Although the military operations of the American
invaders have been so far successful, the Executive
has determined upon drawing the contest to a clue
if possible and that, moreover, immediately. Twenty-
six millions of dollars have already been applied by
Congress to the expenses of this expedition ; the war
was voluntarily undertaken by the Atnericans ; nine
hundred and fifty men have already perished in
consequence of that enterprise; and at the precise
moment when the Mexican troops are pre-
pared to repel the invaders, tho-e invaders step
forward w►th an offer of a negotiation for an amicable

adjustment of difficulties. Nor is this all ; it is very
comprehensible from the proceedings of Mr. Presi-
dent POLE, that a reserve compensation will be
coupled with that adjustment, supposing the Mexi-
cans consent to listen to the proposals for peace, that
compensation being the relinquishment of California
by the Mexican Government and its annexation to
the American Republic—in return for a boon of cer-

tain moneys ! If this arrangement be made, Mr.
President PoLK will, of course, be satisfied. His

only apparent object will be realised—the extension
of the territories of the United States. The coinci-
dence of the proposal for peace being simul
taneous with the marshalling of the Mexican soldier,.
would almost justify us in hinting at pusillanimity as
an actuating sentiment in the mind of Mr. PoLa.
Nevertheless, the proposal has been made, and we
must tarry for the response. Whether the
Mexicans will acquiesce in the proposition
when her armies are in readiness, when - their
nationality, and consequently their courage is 13,-
ginning to evince itself, when her greatest statesmen
are all vociferous in their demands for wreaking ven-
geance upon the assailants, and when SANTX ANNA
offers his sword and his council to aid the eodea-
yours of PAREDES, is a very doubtful matter. We
long to hear that peace has been restored to the
western bemlaphere, but we are loath to hear thot
any peace has been purehA..rl by -tmorlo.n lust
aggri.ual.seinent, and Mexican submission to ex-
tiTtion.

According to the New liamburgh Gazette of the
22d of August the Prince of AUGUSTENBURG has
sent to the King of DENM XIII( his resignation as
Governor and Commandant-General Of the Duchie,
of Schleswig and Holstein. The Duke of GLUCKSBUUG
also has resigned the comtnis:;ion which he held as
Colonel of the sth Regiment of Danish Sappers and
Miners.

It would appear that, taking advantage of the ex-
perience of England, the German states are about to
adopt an uniform system of postage. A letter from
Carlsruhe, of the 23d, says :
" The second Chamber of the States a B Oen has just
Adopted a unanimous resolution to recommend the Go-
vernment to enter into negotiations wish the ;her sates
of Germany for the establishment of a uniform rate of
postage. 'The Budget Coannik tee propo,ed the redue
Lion of the present rates of postage in the Grand Duchy
:o three kreutz !rs (about three sou*). but on a reprt sen-
tation from the Govornment that the treasury could
not bear the deficit, the Chamber did not adopt the re-
port. Yesterday the Chamber ad-opted the following
:esolution upon the pri;c:-edings of the Prussian Govern-
ment with regard to the Deputies D'lzstein and H: cker:
—• The Grand Ducal G. wernment is requested to de-
••la,.e to the Prussian Governtn'nt that the measures
adopted towards the Deputies D'lzstein and Hecker,
who are forbidden to reside within the states of Prussia,
are considered as a violation of the rights guaranteed
try the federal compact to the citizens of 13sden.
Therefore the Chamber hopes that the Government will
use its utmost endeavours to obtain a revocation of these
measures.'"
Intelligence has been received at St. Petersburgh
that the greater part of the town of Berdiansk, in
Southern Ru,sia, was destroyed in the month of
July by fire. It is only eleven years since the town
was founded.

We find in the Frankfort Journal the following
extract from a letter from Geneva, dated Aug. 18 :

"The French Governmrnt has juit tak,,n posses•i-n
of the Valley des Dappes, on the southern safe of the
principal chain of the Jura, on the confines of the de-
partment of that name and of the Canton de Vaud, the
right to which h.s b,en long disputed. Men mplo)ed
by the Canton de Vaud, in altering the road IP tween
St. Cergues and Rouses, have been ordered not to pro
ceed with their work beyond the litigated line, and the
owners of land in the valley, who have been hitherto
considered as Vaud..i.;, and paid their taxes at Nyon,
are now called upon to pay them to the French collectors
of the Jura. France attaches a greater importance than
it did formerly to the possession of this valley, on ac-
count of the fortifications she is raising on this part of
her frontier."

Letters have been received from Rome to the 17th
inst. The POPS is becoming every day more popular.
At his weekly audiences he admits to his presence all
classes of his subjects who have any complaints to
make, even those of the lowest orders of society. In
order to avoid all appearance of nepotism, he has sent
all such of his relations as held offices under his pre-
decessors into the provinces.
It is said the Pope's Vicar, Cardinal PATNLE, is to
be replaced by Cardinal FALCONIERI, Archbishop of
Ravenna, a prelate remarkable for his liberal ideas.

Intelligence from Lisbon to the 20th inst. has been
received by the Royal Tar steam-ship, which arrived
at Southampton yesterday afternoon. The Govern-
ment of the Duke of PALMELLA appears to be con-
solidating itself. The only difficulties at pre-
sent experienced were of a financial nature—difficul-
ties bequeathed to them by the peculaions and gross
mismanagement (.f their predecessors, the Cana •

who, by a royal decree dated August 13, a-e dis-
missed from the Council of State. It was expected
that in consequence of these monetary difficulties a
decree would be issued, allowing the Bank of Lisbon
to suspend cash payments for a longer period than was
allowed by the former decreeon this s übj-ct. The strong
military force concentrated in the province of Minho
had completely put down the Miguelite movement,
and all the provinces of the kingdom were perfectly
tranquil. GONZALES BRAVO, the intriguing Spanish
Ambassador, is about to quit Lisbon on leave. This
is certainly a symptom of the strength of the
PALMELLA Government, for if the:e was the leapt

preoent prospect of ousting PALMELLA and his col-
leagues, and restoring the miserable CABRAL regime,
the presence in Lisbon of Senor GOZIZALE3 BSAYO

would be much 100 itnportant to his employers for
him to obtain leave 4 ath.ence even for an hour.

The Experimental Squadron, under tb,, command of
Sir W. PAI:E.Eg, sailed f•om Li,lxm on the 18th,
1,-avin4 the Tra.fi.igar and tie Superb at the orders
of Lord HOWARD DE WALDEN,

The Spitni,h refugees, to the amAunt of 7,000, are
in the depo!7s at Santarem, Pvnichl, and Case:tea.
They are all fed by the Portuguese Government.

Madrid papers of the 22d have arrived.
The question of the QUEEN'S marriage is the
subject of comment in all of them. The Clamor
Public() advocates a double marriage, and proposes
that the two brothers, Don ENRIQUE and Don
FRANCISCO, should marry to the two sisters, the
QUEEN and the Infanta Donna LUISA. It seems to
be the general opinion in Madrid that the Infantes
Don FRANCISCO (the Duke of CADiz), and Don
ENRIQUE (the Duke of SEVILLE), are at the present
moment the only two actual candidates for the
QUEEN'S hand. With regard to the pretensions of
these two brothers, the Clamor Public° says—
" Well•informed person,. have heard the young
Duke de Seville say that he would accept with
pleasure the hand of his cousin, whom he both loves and
respects. but that he would. without jealou-y, see ti-r
choke fall on his brother, The Duke of Cadiz has held
the same language, and we know that not long ago he
again said that if his marriage with the Queen could
make Spain happy, he should not hesitate to accept that
honour, but that he was fully convinct d that the peace
of Spain, the consolidation of her form of Government,
and the Queen's happiness, would be better secured by
Lis beloved brother, Don Enrique."

The same paper, as a specimen of the liberty en-
joyed by the press in Spain at the present moment,
publishes the following regulations, which have been
just issued by the Captain-General of Madrid :
" The Political Chief of Madrid, Simon de Rorla, has
satin ssed the toll.)wing circular to all the journals.
Ist. Three hours before the publication a copy (sign. d)
!hall be sent. to the Political Chief 2d. A rece;pt
shall be given for this number, announcing the hour
at which it was delivered. 33. The order of sus• •
p,',nsion (if any be issued) shall lic• communicated
to the eeitor by a commissary or inspector of public
safety. 4th. For the purrose of receiving this intima
thin the editor or his representative shall remain at their
office during: these three boors. sth. In ease the publi-
cation shall be commenced or completed when the order
Hof stisprnsion arrives, the Conituisary shall draw up a
dP;,osition stating the fact, is well as the hour when he
reached the office. 6th. To receive the journals, the
office of the Political Chief shall be open frets five o'clock
A.M. until eleven o'clock P.M. from May to October, and
from seven o'clock A.M. (MIA seven o'clock P.M. from Oc
toper till May. The circular dated Madrid, 20th of
August."
'The Portuguese Government had, it was stated,
forwarded a note to the Spanish Government, de-
manding the expulsion from Madrid of the Conde
DI TBOMAR (COSTA CABRAL). The arrival of Senor
C;oNzALEs BRAVO in Madrid was hourly expected.
Mr. BuLwEa is bet. er, and was to leave for St.
Sebastian in a day or two.
MADRID BOLSA, AUG. 22.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 34 for cash ; the Four per Cents., at
21,1:1; the Five per Cents., at 22; ; the Debt without
Interest, at 64 ; and the Coupons, at 201.

We have received the PA-is papers of Thursday.
At four o'clock on that day the Chamber of Peers
had declared HENRY guilty, and were, at the hour the
post left, deliberating on the sentence to be pas.ed on
him. It seems by no means certain that the pistols
were loaded with ball or slugs, and before the ver-
dict of guilty was pronounced, there was a long and
animated discussion, several of the Peers being in
favour of a verdict of acquittal on the ground of
insanity.

_ ... _
'The Chamber of Deputies is still occupied with
the verification of the powers of its Members. M.
DIMESMAY has renewed his proposition for reducing
the duties on salt to 20 -entim,4 per kilogrimme.

It was expected that the election of the President,
Vice-Presidents, and officers of the Chamber would
take place on Friday. For the office of President
M. SAUZET is the Ministerial candidate ; M.
ODILON BARROT, the candidate of the Gauche
and Centre Gauche; M. DUPONT (de I'Eure),
of the Extreme Gauche, and M. BERRYER of the
Legitimatists. For the Vice-Prel,idency, the
..Minis-
terial candidates are, MM. LEPELLTIFR D'AULNAT.
BiGNON, HEBERT, and DELESSERT; the Opposition,
MM. ABATUCCI, G. DE BEAUMONT, VIVIEN, and
BILLAULT. The Ministerial candidates for tiTe ,S.—
eretaryslips are MM. ANGEvILLE, DE BisSIERES,
SAGLio, and LANJUINAIS.

These pap.-rs announce that the English have taken
possession of a portion of the island of Madaosear,
wt-. 4 therc.poom urso the Prt....ch Government the
necessity of fitting. out an expedition to that i-Lind
.I.h aft convenient speed.

"A letter from Pondicherry, dated the Bth of July,"
says the Flee—
" Positively announces the occupation of the Bay or
Negro Suarez by the English. Previous aceouns !'rom
I3mrhou vne.'tioned that the news of that expediti,n t.
Madagascar hail reached the Governor of the colony in
May last, and that Admiral liaz,.che had sent the
seb amer Ze'de to watch the movements of the English.
We need not insist on the gravity of that The
sowreiguty, of Madsgascar, guaranteed by treaties to
Frame. and secured to her by mili'try .-xpeditions and
former establishments, would, if that news were true. re,
ceive a severe blow. We most warmly rec-mm-tided
the proleet..d expf-dition abandoned six months ago, and
we particularly insisted on the oecu2ation of the Bay of
Diego Suarez."
The following are the observations of the Na-
tional:

" It will be remembered that when the question of the
Madagasear expedition was brought b .re the Cham-
ber. M Guizot decl•tred is would he abandoned on the
condition that the English Government also renound
a similar expedition. Nevertheless. strange news ha,
been received, and at the Isle of Bourbon the inhabi-
tants were convinced that the English were preparing
an expedition aga;nst Madagascar, and a letter an-
nounces even that the expedition had taken place,
and that the British vessels had even taken p :sses-
sion Of Diego Suarez. We insert the following com-
munication, which has been addressed to us. ar.d
which bears the date of May 11 t---` We are likewise
expecting the vessels destined for the Madagascar expe-
dition. unless the Ministry renounced it after the de
plorable amendment of M. d'Angeville. In every case
it would appear that the English are thinking of antici-
pating or, and on their side send an expedition against
the Hovas, Letters from the Mauritius announce that
three frigates had arrived there, and a vessel (the Presi-
&lnt') was expected. as wtll as two regiments, frem India.
It was even r,•porteti that the French Consul at the
Mauritius had written to the Governor of the Isle of
Bourbon, to inform him officially of the supposed inten-
tions of the English to take possession of Diego Suarez.'
A letter of the 17th of June, hroue-ht by the last India
mail. and addressed to a bons., of 111srseille,, states that
the English had definitively taken possession of Diego
.'7.;uarez."

After expreasing its disbelief of this intelligence,
the National thus proceeds :—" Nevertheless, the
Joornal du flavre announces to-day that France was
at this moment preparing an expedition to Madagas-
car, awl that several commercial houses of - Havre
had received orders from the Government for stores,
&c. We shall arrive, then, after the English in an
Mind, the sovereignty of which belongs exclusively
to France. The Ministry will, no doubt, deem it its
duty to enlighten public opinion on all these points.
It appears to us that it is not in Spain only that Lord
PALMERSTON is very anxious to show us that he
governs."
It would appear as if ABD•EL-FADER was destined
to occasion much further trouble, nut only to the
French, hut to the Emperor of Morocco
A letter from Orat, of the 15th hat the following:—

"The Velum steamer, which arrived here on the 13th,
from Tangiers, has brought rather important news.
There is now little doubt that if France wishes Abd-el-
Kader to be removed from the frontiers of Algeria she
mus 7 send a body of troops on the territory of Moroeco.
In a word she has only to reckon on her own resources,
for Ahderrhaman is nearly poxerles, ; he promises
much, but does nothing. Our Char:4 d'Affores in
Moroe••0 considered that he had obtained a piece of
diplomatic success by a journey made to Rib,t, by his
first secretary, M. Leon Roche, to whom the Emperor
promis, d that the Governor of Tangiers should be
appointed to the command of the Riff, and that
he shou'd have at his disposal sufficient troops
to maintain order in that country. The Chit-;:y
d'Aff.4res is now eorfine,rl that nothing h,s
I een done, and that there is nothing to hope for from
the Govert,• ent of Moroeco towards preventing the
tribes of ihe frontier making armed ivenr,i-ns into our
tPrritwies, and committiog acts of brig:loth:are. The
Nfoorish authorities appear to be no less unable to pre
vent Abd-el-ICader from sojouroing on their territory,
and from organising his bands at some leagues from our
territory. In a word, the authority of the Emperor is
an empty word, and the governors named by him eaorot
make themselves Aoyed. The Caids, notwithstanding
their protestations, which they renew every time our
bayonets appear, make common cau,e with the ex-Emir,
and receive part of the booty taken from the tribe, who
have submitted to us. It is donh!ful et- such 9 St I'-
of things ran be mtiTh ',titter t,ilerated; a d.-vision
taken to bring the Moors on :he fn-,ntlr to r,:,45.0,
acid to drive Abel el-Ka tar froui ,heir
M. PISCATORY the French 111i7!ister at the Court oi
Athens, ha 3 arrived in Paris on leave. _

It is reported in Paris that the Canstitutionue 1 has