The Sun.
London, England, 1848-06-20 00:00:00

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

We have received the French papers of yesterday.
Tranquillity has been restored at Nimes and Per-
pignan, and there have been no further outrages in
La Creuse. The outbreak in that department was
of a formidable character. The tocsin sounded in all
the communes on the night of the 15th, and continued
till four the next morning. The peasants formed a
most formidable corps d'arinee. They were armed
with scythes, pikes, and spears. The municipal au-
thorities tried in vain to make them listen to reason.
They would hear nothing. They insisted on the
liberation of the prisoners and the abolition of the
additional impost of 45 centimes decreed by the late
Provisional Government. They expressed their re-
solution to march upon the town, and it was only by
the supplications and tears of women and children,
and the entreaty of the clergy, who promised that
their demands sle .11d be granted, that they were in-
duced to forbear. It was feared that a still more
formidable manifestation would have taken place on
Saturday, being the fete-day of Gueret. Consider-
able bodies of troops had arrived from Cheateau
Roux and Limoges. Two companies of the Garde
Mobile have been ordered to Gueret.
The Constitutionnel publishes a document which, if
authentic, is calculated, seriously to damage the cha-
racter of M. L AhIARTINE, and even to connect him
with the conspirators of the 15th May. It is a peti-
tion which is going the round of the Socialist and
Communist clubs, and which, when a sufficient
number of signatures shall have been attached to it,
is to be presented to the Executive Committee. In
this petition it is declared that M. DE LAMA RTJNE
bad promised to create a Ministry of Labour, as de-
manded by Louis Beasic—to demand a credit of
600 millions of francs (more than half the sum de-
manded from the rich by BARBES on the 15th of May)
for the " foundation of agricultural and industrial
institutions; of halls in which the people may com-
plete their political education ; in short, to reduce the
principles of Socialism to practice."
The Constitutionnel asks whether the statements of
the petition can be true, and whether it is thus that the
conductor has been conspiring with the cloud and the
lightning ? "We know not," concludes the Constitu-
tionnel, "All that is certain is that signatures continue
to be attached to this petition, that the Socialists enrol
M. L AMARTI NE as a member of their body, and that they
insist on giving him, as an army, the workmen in the
Ateliers Nationaux, an involuntary assemblage of
honest men, who merely wish for employment, but
whom intrigues would fain transform into an or-
ganized mob for attack and disorder."
The National endeavours to explain away the un-
fortunate expressions of the Minister of the Interior,
that France could not tolerate an increase of power
by her neighbours without seeking compensation for
herself, an expression which had been commented on
by the Constitutionnel as a declaration of an intention
to seize Savoy. The National says--
" At a moment when grave incidents are complicating
the Italian question, and that the armaments of the
Czar are menacing intervention in Prussia and in
Austria, an intervention invited, perhaps, by the treason
of Sovereigns, the most vulgar prudence commands that
France be prepared for every eventuality. This much
justice must be done to the Republic, that it takes all
precautions to reconcile the considerations due to pri-
vate interests with the exigencies of national safety,
however, the journals of the reaction seek to throw a
doubt upon the character of this patriotic measure. The
question is to insure the independence of France, and to
preserve civilization in Europe. What matters ! They
attribute these armaments to schemes of conquest, of
which the Government has not the least idea, and to
which the alarmists themselves do not attach belief. But
the good sense of the public will do justice to these
malevolent and perfidious insinuations, the cbject of
which is too transparent to deceive anybody."
The Finance Committee has recommended the
rejection of the Railway Bill proposed by the Go-
vernment. The debate in the Assembly on this im-
portant subject was to have come on yesterday.
A strike for wages has taken place among the
workmen employed in the arsenal at Toulon.
It is said that M. DE ROTHSCHILD is in negotiation
with the Executive Government on the subject of a
loan.

This day is fixed for taking a census of the work-
men employed in the Ateliers Nationaux. The autho-
rities will call at the domicile of each workman, in
order to verify the statements made by them as to
their respective means of support.
M. TRIERS has elected to sit for the department of
the Seine.

M. GOUDCHAUX is the President of the Committee
appointed to report on the grant demanded for the
Ateliers Nationaux.
The following are the concluding chapters of the
new constitution :
OF THE REPRESENTATIVES AND THE

ASSEMBLY.

" Every Frenchman of 21 years of age, and having
resided in the commune for six months, is an elector.
"Every Frenchmen, aged 25 years, without any
contributions or domicile, is eligible.
"Bankrupts uncertificated, and persons condemned to
con
nr y f
paying
e
infamous punishments, or suffering punishment for acts
qualified as crimes by the law, or for robbery, swindling,
abuse of confidence, indecency, vegabondage, or begging,
shall neither be electors nor eligible.
"Voting shall be by ballot. The election of repre-
sentatives shall be made by departments and voting by
lists.

" Every list shall contain as many names as there are
representatirrs to elect.
"The National Assembly shall verify the powers of
its Members , and decide on the validity of contested
elections.
"The Assembly is to be elected for three years, and
after such period to be entirely renewed.
"It is permanent, but it may adjourn for a specified
time, but not exceeding three months.
" The representatives are re-eligible.
" The Members of the legislative body are not repre-
gen tatives of the department by whom they are named,
but of all France.
" They cannot receive any instructions to vote.
" No Member of the National Assembly can be prose-
cuted or arrested in a criminal matter, unless taken in
flagrante delicto, until the Assembly shall have given
authorisation.
" The law determines the public functions which are
incompatible with the duty of representative of the
people.
" The sittings of the Assembly are public. Neverthe-
less the Assembly may form itself into a Secret Com-
mittee, on the demand of a certain number of represen-
tatives fixed by the standing orders.
"The Assembly makes laws and decrees. Decrees
can only have reference to local and private interests.
The presence of one half of the Members of the Assem-
bly is necessary to the validity of a vote of a law. The
standing orders shall determine the number necessary to
vote a decree. "
No legislative act can become definitive until after
the project of law shall have been printed, deposed, and
published, till it shall have been twice discussed and
three times read, at intervals of not less than ten days.
Every representative receives an indemnity which he can-
not renounce.

.. OF THE EXECUTIVE POWER.
" The President must have at least two million votes.
He is elected for four years, and is not re-eligible.
"He is to inspect and secure the execution of the laws.
"He disposes of tho trawl force without being ever
enabled to command it in person. .

" He can-giveup no park of the territory, nor dissolve
the legislative body, nor suspend in any manner the em-
pire of the constitution and of the laws.
" He has to present each year to the National As-
sembly the report of the general state of the affairs of the
republic.
"He negotiates all treaties, which will be available
only after having been examined and ratified by the le-
gislative body.
" He has a right to grant pardon, but he can only
exert this right upon the proposal of the Minister of
Justice, and after having consulted the Council of State.
"He promulgates the laws, in the name of the French
people, without delay and without suspension.
"He receives the envoys and ambassadors from fo.
reign powers accredited to him.
" He is lodged at the expense of the republic, and re-
ceives a salary of 600,000 fr. per annum.
" He resides at the seat of government.
"There is a Vice-President of the republic, named for
four years by the National Assembly, upon the presen
Wiwi made by the President, in the month which im-
mediately follows his election. The Vice-President of
the republic is, by right, President of the Council of
State.
" The President names and revokes the ministers, ac-
cording to his own will. He names and revokes in a
council of the ministers the diplomatic agents, the gene-
rals, and military commanders of land and sea forces,
the prefects, the governors of the colonies of Algeria
and of the Bank of France, the proeureurs-generaux and
other functionaries of a superior class. He names and
revokes the secondary agents of the government, upon
the proposal of one of the ministers.
"He has a right to suspend the agents of the execu-
tive power elected by the citizens. The term of this
suspension cannot exceed three months. He cannot re-
voke them without the consent of the Council of State.
The law determines the cases in which the revoked
agents can be declared ineligible to the same functions.
This declaration of ineligibility can only be pronounced
by a jury.
" The number and the attributions of each minister
aro fixed by the legislative body.
"No act of government can have any effect unless it
be signed by a minister.
" The president, the minis*ers, and the agents and de- a

EVENING, JUNE 2O, iB4B

positories of public authority are held responsib!e, eneh
in what concerts hire, fur all the acts of the government
and of the administration. The legislative bud) deter-
mines the cases of their respective re sponsibtlity.
The Ministers have seats, ex qfficio, in the National
Assembly, and must he heard whenever they request it.
" There is to be a Council of State composed of forty
members at least. The members of this Council are
named for three years by the National Assembly, during
the first month of each legislature, by ballot and by
absolute majority. They are indefinitely re-eligible.
" Those of the members of the Council of State who
have been chosen from the National Assembly, are to
be immediately replaced by other representatives of the
people.
" The members of the Council of State cannot be re-
voked but by the Assembly, upon the proposal of the
President of the Republic.
" The Council of State draws up the projects of laws
that the Government proposes to the Assembly, as well
as the projects of Parliamentary initiative which the
Assembly submits to its examination. It makes the re-
gulation of public administration, and exerts, with re-
spect to departmental and municipal administrations, all
the powers of control and of inspection which are de-
ferred to it by law. Its other attributes are to be regu-
late by the legislative body. The legislative body de-
termines the functions, subordination, and the attribu-
tions of administration and of administrative bodies.
OF THE JUDICIARY POWERS.
"Justice is administered in the name of the people.
It is gratuitous. The forms of the procedure are to be
abridged and simplified.
" The jury is to be succe,sively applied by special
laws, to the decision of the !act in all civil matters.
" It is likewise to be extended to correctional matters
in the cases and according to the forms determined by
law.

The juges de premiere instance et d'appel are named
by the president of the republic, according to an order
of candidateship which shall be regulated by the law of
judiciary organization.
" The judges of the tribunal of cessation are named
by the National Assembly.
The magistrates of the public ministry are named by
the President of the Republic.
" The judges of the tribunals de premiere instance,
d'appel. and of cessation, are named for life. They can
be revoked and suspended by a sentence, fur those causes
and in such forms as shall be determined by the laws.
The law of judiciary organization shall fix the age at
which the judges can be put en retraite.
" There shall be for all France one superior adminis-
trative tribunal, which shall decide on all litigious mat-
ters connected with public administration. The compo-
sition, functions, and forms of this tribunal shall be
decided by the law. The members of the administrative
tribunal shall be appointed by the President of the
Republic, on a list of presentation drawn up by the
council of state. They cannot be revoked but by the
President, and with the advice of the council of state.
" The members of the cour des eomptes shall be ap
pointed and revoked in the same manlier.
" A special tribunal of the judges of the cour de cessa-
tion and of councillors of state, appointed every three
years, both in equal numbers, by their respective bodies,
shall decide on the conflicts of functions between the
administrative and judicial authority.
" Appeals against the decisions of the tribunal des
comptes shall be submitted to the Court of Conflicts (des
con flits).
" OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE.
" A high court of justice judges without appeal or re-
course to cessation accusations preferred by the National
Assembly, whether against its own Members, or against
the President of the Republic, or the Ministers. It
judges also all persons accused of crimes, or plots against
the safety of the state, internal or external. It can only
be constituted by a decree of the National Assembly,
which shall declare the city in which it shall be con-
voked. Its members will choose their President. The
jurors are selected from the members of the councils
general of the departments. When a decree of the Le-
gislative Assembly has ordered the foundation of a high
court of justice, the President of the tribunal sitting in
the chiet place of each department draws by lot, in
public audience, the name of a member of the council-
general. Over the eighty-six jurymen thus specified
the accused and the Public Minister exercise the right
of challenge as in ordinary matters, but so as always to
leave a jury of 12 citizens. The verdict by the jury of
guilty shall be given by a majority of two-thirds.
"GUARANTY OF RIGHTS.

" The punishments of death, confiscation, slavery,
perpetual punishment, and corporal degradation, ate
suppressed in matters regarding the press, the stamp,
and the censorship. The liberty of printing is ac-
knowledged with the necessary guarantees for public
and private interests. No one can be arrested or de-
tained but according to the forms and in the cases pre-
scribed by law. No one can be tried but by the ordi-
nary tribunals. There cannot, in consequence, be
created commissions or extraordinary tribunals under
any pretence. They who require, promote, sign, exe-
cute, or cause to be executed, arbitrary acts, are guilty,
and should be punished. The law shall define by what
signs a religion shall be ranked in society as an ac-
knowledged religion. The obligation to taxation is the
guarantee of property.
" The property-tax is only imposed for one year.
The indirect taxes may be imposed for several years.
"All the young citizens should be sent to public
schools to be in common, each according to his destina-
tion and faculties, and to learn the rights and duties of
a man and a citizen.
" The holding double employments or salaries is in-
terdicted.
" The codes, laws, and regulations actually existing
remain in force until they shall be legally abrogated."
The Committee on the Constitution met yesterday
morning, anti made a most important alteration in
their proposition :—lnstead of the President being ap-
pointed by the direct vote of the people, it is now pro-
posed that five candidates shall be elected by universal
suffrage, and that from among them the Assembly shall
choose the President.
The Assembly met at one o'clock.
M. Turck brought forward three propositions to fix
the position of the working classes in the national
workshops, and out of them. The principal points of
the two first are, that the men employed in the na-
tional workshops of the Seine are, within the space of
a fortnight after the promulgation of the present pro-
position, to be sent home to their own communes at the
expense of the State ; and that whoever receives money
from these establishments, without being in such a state
of want as to demand assistance, shall be prosecuted as
thieves. The third refers to certain modes of improving
the moral condition of the working classes. To be de-
veloped on a future day to be hereafter decided on.
M. de Falloux presented the report of the Commit-
tee on the Bill, demanding three millions for the na-
tional workshops. The report blames the extreme slow-
ness which has been manifested by the Government in
completing the census, as ordered by the Assembly. In
fact, when the Committee had commenced examining the
Bill just alluded to, scarcely anything had been done, and
the Committee had been obliged to impress on the Go-
vernment the necessity of at least doing something, if
not all that could be desired. The Committee, above
all, insisted on the necessity of raising the character of
the men employed in these establishments, and obliging ,
them to have some feeling of the disgrace attached to
men living in idleness in place of being supported by their
own honest exertions. The works on the railways
and other public works would be a useful means
of employing these men, but something effec-
tive might have been done already, had the
Government exerted itself more energetically. The
Committee considered that it ought to call on the As-
sembly to prolong its powers as the body appointed to
watch over the national workshops, since the most active
and constant superintendence appeared necessary. It
concluded by proposing to the Assembly to grant the
credit of three millions demanded; but as a considerable

part of that sum bad already been spent when the Bill
was brought forward, it must call on the Assembly for
the future not to grant more than one million at a time;
and next to continue its functions to the Committee.
M. Trelat, the Minister of Foreign Works, said that
it was a must difficult matter to arrange and re-organize
a matter which had been now for some months placed
on a certain footing, and, in fact, settled on fixed con-

ditions. Something had, however, been already done,
and in the course of the week the results of the exer-
tions of the Government would be more marked. The

Honourable Aiinister then gave an account of the pro-
ceedings of the Government in sending from the na-
tional workshops the men there employed. Already
1,200 had been sent to the Charente, and 400 others
ere to be forwarded on the 21st; a brigade of 500 had
been sent to the Marne, and others would be dispatched
successively to the number of 4,000; the department of
the Seine had received 300, and on Wednesday, the 21st,
the same number would be forwarded, and on the 24th
as many more; 1,200 had been sent to the Haute Seine,
and 400 others would be sent in the course of the week.
500 were to be employed in Paris, and 1,600 in the works
of the Tours to Nantes Railway. The lion. Minister
then declared that very erroneous opinions had been
formed of the men in the national workshops. Some
persons went so far as to consider them malefactors.--
(" Oh, oh!" loud denial.) They were the brothers of
every man present, and merited the deepest attention
of all thinking men. He had been applied to repeatedly
to send away the persons there employed, but he had
always refused. He could not assume the responsibility
of such au act. Many of the lion. Representatives before
him were of opinion that this ought to be done at any
risk.—(Cries of " No, no.") " Bear in mind," said the
Honourable Minister, addressing the Assembly with
great emphasis, " that you are about to discuss the rail-
way Bill with the national workshops still existing --."
—(Dreadful agitation arose in every part of the cham-
ber at this menance, which lasted some time.) The
lion. Minister entreated his hearers not to attribute to
his words a greater importance than they merited. He
merely meant to express what the reporter of the Com-
mittee had already declared in other words. The Hon.
Representatives could not so well understand the diffi-
culties of this question, notwithstatding all their good
intentions, as he who had made it his especial study.
It was not enough for him to come forward and demand
a vote of money, in order to effect what the Assembly
might direct with respect to the national workshops—
there was the necessity of preparing for the depar-
ture of the men, and then of sending them oft'
by brigades. This was a most difficult task, but
it had at last been surmounted ; every two days,
and sometimes every day, the men would now be for-
warded to the provinces. To do as he had ibeen asked
by the Committee—to send them off en masse, was im-

possible; public works would give employment, no
doubt, to many; but it was, after all, private industrial
enterprises that must be looked to as the means of
giving employment to the many thousands that de-
manded it. He trusted that confidence would speedily
be restored, and then employment would present itself
for stll.

M de Falloux must object to some of the expressions
used by the Hon. Minister. No one had spoken of the
men if, the nati,dial workshops as malefactors, though
it was beyond a doubt that many men whose char.c-
ters woul I not bear the test of inquiry had got in there.
He could not see either why the Hon. Minister was to
arrogate to himself such superior knowledge on the
subject. The Committee had by no means found that
to be the case.—(Hear, hear.)
The Minister or Public Works said that he intended
to imply merely that he must know more about the
working of the establishments alluded to than the
generality of the Hon. Members around, who had ex-
amined the matter only cursorily. He had always been
opposed to the employment of force against the work-
men, because he thought it unnecessary, and because he
felt arm they had been deceived.—(Cries of " By whom,
by whom?") After the revolution, he and others of his
way of thiaking had with equal grief and surprise found
that in place of the first principles of liberty, equality,
and fraternity, it was hatred that was at the bottom of
men's hearts. Since 1820 the principles of universal
charity had been supported by a certai❑ ❑umber of per-
sons, and their exertions had much contributed to bring
about the revolution of February. But after the revo•'
lution, far from these principles being carried out, there
was a decided tendency to set one class against another,
arid in the division that so occurred the people suffered.
The Hon. Minister complained that he did not find in
the Committee as much feeling for the people as he had
a right to anticipate.
M. de Falloux observed that the report had been
drawn up with great moderation, and the person to
whom most consideration hati been shown in it was the
Honourable Member himself'.
The matter then dropped.
M. Armand Marrast ascended the tribune to read the
draft on the Constitution. (The greatest interest was
evinced to hear this important document read, and the
deepest silence prevailed throughout. The only part
which called forth a mark of approbation or the contrary
was that which declares that " Subs:itutes in the army
were forbidden." This part did not seem to please.)
(Left. sitting.)

BOURSE—PARIS, MONDAY, JUNE 19.
THREE o'CLocx.—There was a good deal of busi-
ness done to-day at very nearly the same prices as
on Saturday ; the only remarkable feature being
the steady advance in Orleans Railway Shares.
The Vieille Montagne Shares remain as on
Saturday, at 2,200. Bechet's Bank is quoted at
550. Paris Obligations at 1,175, and the Four Canals,
at 765. For the Account, the French Three per Cents.
and the Five per Cents, have each fallen 25c. For
Money, the Three per Cents, and the Five per Cents.
are at the prices as on Saturday. Bons du Tresor are
at a discount of from 25 to 23. Bank of France Shares
have risen sf. Belgian Bank Shares not quoted. Five
per Cents., 1842, are the same as on Saturday. Spanish
Stock not quoted. Roman have advanced 1 per cent.;
Rothschild's Receipts have advanced f per cent.; Ex-
change on London (thirty days) 25f. 45c.; ditto (ninety
days) 25t. 35c. Railway Shares for the Account, set-
tling of June 30:—Northerns were done at 360 f., but
no others are quoted. For Money the Orleans have
risen 10f., Dieppe 2f. 50c., and Nantes lf. 25c. The
Versailles, Right Bank, have fallen 2f. 50c.; Left Bank,
2f. 50c.; Vierzon, 5f.; Nantes, If. 25c.; Bales, If. 25c.;
and Bordeaux, If. 25c. The Rouens, Havres, Northerns,
Lyons, and Strasburgs remain as on Saturday.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAIL WAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, JUNK 19.
Northern of France, 414.