The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-28 00:00:00

Now ready,

WITH A PORTRAIT OF HIS EXCELLENCY SIR JAMES
BROOKE, RAJA OF SARAWAK, FROM THE PAINTING OF
FRANCIS GRANT, A.R.A., AND
WITH AN ILLUSTRATION BY LEECH,
THE JANUARY NUMBER, price Half-a-Crown, of
BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY.
CONTENTS:
1. The Coroner's Clerk. By the Author of "Experiences of a
Gaol Chaplain," with an Illustration by Leech.
2. Coquet Side ; a Sketch from the North Countrie. By Mrs. Ward,
Author of " Five Years in Kafirland."
3. Hans Michel; or a Few Old German Proverbs applied to New
German Politics. By " The Flanear."
4. The Young Widow : Queen's Bench Sketches. (No. IV., con-
clusion.) By W. H. Maxwell, Author of " Stories of Waterloo."
5. Langton Wold—White Wall Corner-- Our Household Gods :
The Bye-lanes and Downs of England, with Turf Scenes and
Characters. By Sylvanus, Author of " Rambles in Sweden."
6. A Holiday at Berlin in Ancient Times. By Mrs. Percy Sinzett.
7. The Rambles of Death.
8. Life ; a Gossip. By Alfred Crowquill.
9. Good Night, from the German.
10. Wayside Pictures in France, Itelgiutn, and Germany : XVII
The Rance. XVIII. Bertrand Daesclin. XIX. The Ruins of
La Garaye and the Priory of Letion.
11. Memoirs of Chateaubriand. Written by Himself.
12. Literary Career of William Ellery Channing. By the Author
of" Richard Savage."
13. Reception of Sir Janice Brooke in the Indian Archipelago. and
subsequent proceedings. By an Officer in his Suite. With a
Portrait of Sir James Brooke.
14. The Philosophy of History—Macaulay's James the Second.
15. A Winter's Night wills my Old Books, chiefly concerning Ghosts
and Prodigies. By Albert Smith.
IG. Old Music and Pictures.
17. The Cellini Cup. lty Samuel James Arnold.
IS. Popular Books of the Month : —Forty Days in the Desert
.Nasoiogy ; or Hints towards a Classification of Noses—Mer-
rifield's Art of Painting—Barnard's Cruize in the Mozambique
Channel— Shaw's Outlines of English Literature—Miss Cos-
tello's Clara Fane—Harrison Ainsworth's Lancashire Witches
—Drummond's Memoir of Montague Stanley—Martin Ton-
trend: a Frenchman in London—Craik's Romance of the
Peerage—Maxwell's Czar, his Court, and People—Sir Gard-
ner Wilkinson's Dalmatia and Montenegro—Tyndale's Island
of Sardinia—Geale's
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-Street.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Mr. E. Webster, Sole Lessee and Manager, Old Brompton.
The pubic is respectfully informed that this Theatre has, during
the recess, undergone very extensive repairs and alterations and the
whole re-decorated.
This The itre will be Closed This Evening for the Royal Performance

at Windsor Castle.
TO-MORROW EVENING,
Will be performed THE TWO GENTLEMEN OP VERONA.
Valentine, Mr. Charles Kean ; Julia, Mrs. Charles Kean.
Alter which, an Arabian Night's Entertainment, entitled
CAMARALZAMAN AND BADOURA ; or, The Peri who Loved
the Prince. Characters by Messrs. Bland, Keeley, Yrs. Keeley, Miss
Horton, and Miss Reynolds.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
tinder the direction of Madame Celeste.
During the Recess this Theatre has been entirely re-decorated, the
original designs by Digby Wyatt, Esq., executed by Mr. Sang. .1.
new Stage, Curtain, Act Drop, and Chandelier. An approved sys-
tem of Ventilation, &c., &c. The Private Boxes enlarged, Backs
added to the Seats, and Stalls rendered more comfortable.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed a new Drama, founded on Mr. Dickens's Christ-
mas nook, entitled THE HAUNTED MAN. Mr. Redlaw, Mr.
Hnghes : the Phantom, Mr. 0. Smith ; A. Tetterby and Co., Mr.
Wright ; the Boy, Miss E. Chaplin ; Milly, Miss Woolgar ; Mrs. Tet-
terby, Mrs. F. Matthews.
To be followed by THE ENCHANTED ISLE. Alonzo, Mr. Paul
Bedford; Prospero, Mr. 0. Smith ; ArieL Madame Celeste.
To conclude with a new Farce called SLASHER AND CRASHER.
Mr. Slasher, Mr. Wright ; Mr. Crasher, Mr. Paul Bedford.

XOTAL LYCEUM MEAT KE.
Under the Managemeit of Madame Vestrls.
Sole Lessee. Mr. Charles Ma' he e: s.
THIS EVENING.

Will be performed A PECULIAR POSITION.
After which, a new Fairy Extravaganza, entitled THE KING OF
THE PEACOCKS. Characters by Messrs. Harley, John Reeve,
Selby, H. Hall, Marshall, and E. Marshall ; Miss Kathleen Fitzwil-
Ham, Miss L. Howard, Mrs. Macnamara, Miss Marshall, Miss L.
Marshall, Miss Coleman, and Madame Vestris.

To conclude with AN APPEAL TO TFIE PUBLIC.
Dress boxes, 55.; Upper Boxes, ; Pit, 2.3. ; Gallery, Is. Ns
half-price to any part of the house.
The New 1:0x-office, No. 2, Wellington-Stxect, is *pen to the
pablie every day, from Ten till Six.

PRINCESS'S THEATe.E.
Mr. J. M. Maddox, Sole Lessee and Manager.
During the Recess this Theatre has been re-decorated and embel-
lished in a superb and costly manner ty Mr Hurwitz. A new Chan-
delier has been fitted, and the best arrary,;s• men ts hats been made for
the duo Ventilation of tha Theatre, and tha couuort and cenvekience
of the audience.

TX'S EVENING,
Will be performed a newdad Opera, entitled ROBLN. GOOD-
FELLOW.
To conendo with a new grand Pantomime, entitled BLUFF
KING IiAL ; or, Harlequin and the Charmed Arrow.

ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
DUMBOLTO.N'S SERENADERS.
This celebrated Troupe, whose performances have excited !wirer-
sal admiration throughout the United States, will repeat a short
Series of their popular ETHIOPIAN ENTERTAINMENT at the
above Theatre TO-MORP.OW EVE.:k.;ING.
The Programme will include a variety of original
.Songs, Glees,
&c., entirely new to this country.
Doors open at Eight.
Mr. itc/IMRT-110CDIN will repeat his SOIREES FANTA.S-
TIQUES THIS EVENING, and on Saturday.
The Programme will include numerous experiments entirely new.
i•oers open at Eight. Boxes and Stalls may be secured at Mr,
Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street ; and at the Boa-office,

AsTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
Under the Patronage of her Majesty the Queen, his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, &c.
Novelties for Christmas Holidays most astounding in the Metropolis.
--A gorgeous Spectacle.—Brilliant Scenes of the Arena.—The
Arabs in their wondrous Performances.—A new comic Pantomime.
THIS EVENING,
The curtain will rise at Seven o'clock precisely to the magnificent
Spectacle of the
WARS OF THE JEWS ; or, The Fall of Jerusalem.
To be followed by an Inimitable disp!ay of SCENES IN THE
CIRCLE, supported by the first Equestrian talent of the day.
To conclude with a new Equestrian Pantomime, entitled BOLD
BCBEN HOOD ; or, The Pretty White Horse and Enchanted Prin-
cess of Sherwood Forest.
The Celebrated ARABS will appear.
open from Eleven till Five.
Stage Manager, Mr. W. West.

TO CORRESPONOEIN TS.
No, communication can be attended to ut,le.s autheati,
cated by the nzme and addrees of the writer.
aoiected communications cannot be returned.

TILE WEATHER.—Surr OFFTCF., DECXMBER 28.
THBEMOXSTEIt, Lowest, 36; Highest, 47; Noon, 4

BA ROM MT 2, 30.08.
WIND N.N.E.; fiae weather.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON nail 'GE THIS DAT.
IV orning .. 27 min. after 3 Evenial .. 4v min. after 3

er*4 inn ti au(
LONDON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1848.

Presburg may be taken and the Magyars still
remain unconquered. At a time when the counter-
revolutionists are endeavouring to dupe the under-
standings of the multitude iato the belief that no
other course remains open to democracy but that of
submission, it becomes doubly necessary to expose
the absurdity of the non sequitur which is now being
noised abroad by the reactionary organs in regard to
the state of affairs in Hungary. Because at the out.
set of the campaign the city of Presburg is seized by
the forces of Prince WINDISCHGRATZ, it is pretended
that KOSSUTH must per force consent to an imme-
diate and ignominious capitulation. Never was
a deduction more preposterously illogical. As well
might it be maintained that, in the event of
Prussia suddenly invading the territories of France
and capturing the city of Metz, the Republican Go-
vernment would be compelled to haul down their
colours and consent to any conditions that might be
demanded from them by the dragoons of WRANGEL.
The truth is that Presburg, is so contiguous to the
German frontiers of Hungary as to place it almost
wholly at the mercy of whatever Imperial troops
could be marched to it from the barracks surrounding
the castellated palace of Schoenbrunn. As the crow
flies, there are scarcely nine German miles (about
forty-five English miles) intervening between Pres-
burg and Vienna! That circumstance of itself
is sufficient to account for the abrupt capture of one
of the principal fortified places in the dominions of the
Aragyars. Beyond this it must be remembered that
Presburg is not the metropolis of the Hungarian
nation. Pesth must be garrisoned by S NICH
before the country can be considered in the military
possession of the invaders. And between
Presburg
and Pesth there are a vast concourse of difficulties
and obstructions to be overcome. KOSSUTH has not
been indolent since first his patriotism was re-
sponded to by the enthusiastic devotion of
his fellow-countrymen. Every device that
could emanate from engineering ingenuity has been
adopted as a precaution against the progress of the
assailants. Extensive tracks of land have been de-
vastated, villages deserted by their inhabitants, farm-
houses razed to the ground, crops destroyed, wells
choked up, and all this for the purpose of presenting
to the Austrians the obstacles of an almost impassable
wilderness. Several of the larger roads, conducting
from the boundaries, of Hungary to the interior have
been even undermined by the sappers of the defend-
ing army. The further WINDISCIIGRATZ penetrates
into the regions of insurrection the more embarrassing
and perilous will become the snares, and the pitfalls,
and the mines, and the ambuscades prepared for his
reception.

We are not without confidence in the Hungarians.
4;hough i ,
n recent emergencie3 they have not in-
faraßy displayed their wonted perseverance and
tc.,;. -...,—,AT:1rii...., Aeney, they have nevertheless given evidence
4-i% ..,,V,V:,Wtileol'ilarnestness of their civism and of the dignified
..0,104
...;:li• - eraton of their valour. Degeneracy has not palsied
,70.1ie.A,:bie race of the Magyars. True, without
'Z0,4.;4,440t,/ they have yielded up a considerable portion
At 1 0 Weir self-reliance to the severe demands of ad -
u *n j
ity; true that the prolonged predominance of

Now ready at all the Libraries, the German Caesars has tau them to re-
THE 3
vols. post avo. HE NEW NOVEL, LUCILLE BELMONT, g
gard with a kind of superstitious awe the
henry Colburn, Pnblisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. soldiers fighting under the banners of Hapsburg ;
but, strengthened by the eentagion of democratic
ideas, they are awaking again to the appreciation of
their own capacities, and are losing in the dawn of
their independence all traces of the darkness of their
political superstitions. Under a captain so enter-
prising and incorruptible as KOSSUTH, they will, if
they only remain true to themselves, find it by no
means an impossibility to withstand the assaults of
the barbarian mercenaries of JELLACHICH. Were the
Hungarians, indeed, only assailed by the Croatian ma-
rauders they would have but little to fear. The danger
of their present position is this, that before their tactics
can he properly preconcerted they are simultaneously
attacked by JELLACHICH, by SIMONICH, and by
WINDISCHGRATZ. The peril of this triple onslaught
is doubtless of a formidable character. Only that the
entire community is prepared for a general rising, all
hope would have to be at once abandoned. As it is,
however, the Magyars are resolved to struggle on to
the goal of their emancipation. They are surrounded,
moreover, by a number of different races who cor-
dially sympathise in their endeavours, and who in the
event of any serious portents of retrogression would
be prepared to coalesce with the Hungarians, and to
carry out the project of a very numerous class of po-
liticians, by the consolidation of a vast Panslavie
Republic.
The Emperor FRANCIS JOSEPH will have reaped
little advantage from the experiences of his prede-
cessor, if, in direct opposition to the age, be deems
his Administration strong enough to bludgeon whole
nations into slavery. Hungary henceforth is not to
be held in this way, neither is Bohemia, neither is
Gallicia, neither is Lombardy. The sword of Des-
potism has been measured with the sword
of Democracy, and those must be san-
guine indeed who can predicate anything
but discomfiture and destruction to the former. As
yet the revolutionary movement has only made a few
preparatory steps towards the end ambitioned by the
people of Europe. Gigantic as those steps are, they
are, comparatively speaking, few in number, and of a
very preliminary nature. Let the Absolutist party,
the reactionnaires, the counter-revolutionists, or by
whatsoever name they may please to designate them-
selves, take warning from what has already trans-
pired. Let them rest satisfied of this, that by endea-
vouring to weigh down upon the national springs of
the multitude, they are only rendering the recoil of
those springs more and more irresistible. By striving
to retard the progress of the revolution, they are in
reality only the more effectually accelerating the
advances of Democracy.

We yesterday alluded shortly to the suggestion
: made by Mr. MaconsGou, that the Exchequer-bill-
office should issue paper, not bearing interest, but
being at all times a legal tender,:as much so as Bank of
England notes are now. There is no doubt that if such
bills were distributed in convenient amounts, suited
to the wants of the people, that they would constitute
as good a circulating medium, and be as freely and
willingly received, as any other description of cur-
rency that could be produced, even as coined gold
itself. Exchequer-bills may always be received
in payment of every national impost, and,
unhappily, the visits of tax-gatherers are not so few
or so far between as to render it probable that any-
thing which would satisfy their demands could long
remain uncalled for, or become materially depreciated
in value. If we take into account the local taxation
of every description, including poor-rates, county
cess, &c., and the expenses of collecting the various
branches of revenue, it will be found that no less
than 70,000,000/. sterling per annum is extracted
in one way or another from the pockets of
the people. Full provision must be made for that
enormous drain, and Exchequer-bills of small deno-
minations would answer the purpose in every respect.
At present the amounts for which they are issued are
so large as to render them practically useless, save
as an investment. Few, indeed, have transactions of
such magnitude as to require a single payment of
1,0001., or even 5001, into the Exchequer, when
thousands could make bills for 51., 10/., or
even 20/., available. There is, we believe,
no general rule as to the amount for which
bills are issued from the office. The Legislature
merely authorises the creation of bills to a certain
amount for the national service, and that amount is
Tstributed according to the mere caprice or fancy of
diose employed in the office'; and the larger deno-
minations are selected solely because they occasion
less trouble to the parties. If a great national object
were to be attained—if a considerable saving co uld be
eff_cted, amounting at least to SOO,OOO/. per annum
by a change in the system, the employment of many
additional clerks in the department would be fully
justified

That saving, however, large as it is, would be by
no means the most important benefit resulting from
the alteration. It would afford a currency adequate
to the wants of the nation, by which a great stimulus
would be applied to every branch of industry, and
general activity would prevail on every side.
Genuine national notes would be sent into circula-
tion ; and if once the system were introduced, it
would be extended until ultimately it constituted the
only medium of exchange.
There can be no sufficient reason assigned why the
Government should delegate to any individual or
corporation the right of " making money," which is
the exclusive prerogative of the Crown. It is the
stamp of the Royal Mint alone that converts 5 dwts.
3 grs. of gold into current coin of the realm. Why
should a privilege be given with respect to paper
that is withheld so far as bullion is concerned ?
Public convenience requires that there should he
a mode provided for making payments without
the necessity of the transfer of bulky packages
of bullion. The Government refuses to supply the
want, but it authorises a large trading Corporation
(the Bank of England) to issue 14,000,0001. of notes.

. ,
based upon rational securities, for which interest is
actually paid to the Bank by the country. It is
manifest that these securities constitute the only
guarantee for the ultimate payment of those notes,
and surely that guarantee would not in any degree
be impaired, if those notes were issued directly by
the nation, without the intervention of the Bank. We

are, therefore, practically paying most unnecessarily
and gratuitously the interest of 14,000,0001. sterling,
which at 3 per cent. amounts to 420,0001., to a single
establishment, that might be saved to the country by
the introduction of a sounder and more judicious
system. But this is not all. Theprivate and joint-
stock banks in England are authorised to issue the
sum of 8,290,3761., the Irish and Scotch banks the

sum of 9,441,903/. ; or, in other words, we find that
private establishments make paper money to the ex-
tent of nearly 30,000,0001. sterling, thus usurping
the prerogative of Royalty, and subjecting the nation
to an annual payment of 900,0001., which might be
saved if notes to that extent were issued against
Consols, as proposed, by the Liverpool Currency
Reform Association.

Besides the above amounts, there are further issues
of notes based upon bullion, pursuant to the pro-
visions of the Act of 1844, and it is calculated that
there is at least 50,000,0001. of gold in circulation,
°wing to the absurd'prohibition of the smaller
denominations of notes. Of this enormous amount at
least 30,0000001. to 40,000,0001. would be replaced by
National Bank notes of 1/. and 21.
each. The in-
terest on 70,000,0001. sterling would, in round num-
bers, be saved to the community b y the establishment
of a National Bank ;
and if we consider the wear and
tear of gold that would also be avoided, we shall find
that, at the very lowest estimate, 3,000,0001, sterling
per annum would be made available either for the
reduction of taxation or the
promotion of objects
worthy
a change of system ;
while ireadvantagesyb derivable from a
a the mighty
national mp
currency at all times adequate to the national Wants,
e
and the prevention of the various fluctuations in the
value of money and tho rate of interest, would be
even of still greater magnitude.
Such is the price which the nation is actually pay-
ing for the gratification of the whims and caprices of
the currency quacks, and we think it will be pretty
generally admitted " that it pays dear enough for
its whistle."

Captain Bunbtiry, of the 33d Regiment, is to
succeed to the staff appointment of Deputy-Assistant
Adjutant• General in Dublin, vice Major Draper pro-
moted, and why proceeds to Bombay with his regiment,
the 64th.

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