The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-09 00:00:00

THE MN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMfIER 9, 1t146.

SINGULAR. ELECTION AT
GALWAY,

'THE KING OF THE FISHERWAN.—Sunday last, after
mass and evening prayers, the fishermen of Claddagh
proceeded to the election of an Admiral and Vice-Ad-
miral for the future government Of the interests of their
colony. Impressed with the 'importance of the issue to
their welfare, this pran'Aive people determined upon
making their choice from the most impartial and
experi?nced among themselves, and to conduct the elec-
tion with the utw'ost decorum and propriety. At the
appointed hour the very Rev. T. D. Folan, 0.P.,
prior of the W est Convent, with the Rev. Messrs. Mul-
lins and Meath, 0.P., Bernard Murphy, Esq., solici-
tor ; CeAnsellor Fitzpatrick Patrick Joyce, Esq., Do-
reiniffic-street ; Bernard M`Donnell, Esq., solicitor ;
Mt. Joseph Murphy, Mr. Finarty, of the town,
proceeded to the new piscatory and national school
in the district, to preside over and witness the
election. The Very Rev. Mr. Folan requested our
respected townsman, B. Murphy, Esq., to receive the
votes and place them to the credit of the respective can-
didates. The fishermen having taken up their position
outside the school, where a piper was placed to amuse
them with some old Irish airs, a person was placed
at the door to admit only one at a time to enter to record
his vote. The proceedings occupied about two hours
and a halt Previous to the close of the election,
the Rev. George Commons, P.P., of Claddagh, the
Rev. B. J. Roche, P.P., St. Nicholas East, and
the.; Rey. Dr. O'Tool.e, principal of St. Mary's College,
made their appearance, and expressed themselves
big:illy gratified with the exemplary conduct and de-
e'Jrum of the poor people. No fisherman was allowed
to vote under eighteen years of age. Before closing
the election, the Very Rer. Mr. Folan directed a per-
son in attendance to visit every lane in Claddagh with a
bell, and to invite the presence of those who might
wish to vote ; but the answer returned was that
more than half of them could not come for the want
of clothing. The election having concluded, Mr.
Murphy acknowledged the votes in favour of each can-
didate, when it appeared that Bartholomew Hynes as
admiral, and Owen Jones as- vice-admiral, had an
overwhelming majority in their favour. Hynes is a
very respectable old fisherman, and does credit
to the choice of the poor people. The other
candidates were then appointed as a council,
with whom the admiral and vice-admiral are to
consult upon every important question affecting the
interests of ,the colony. The Rev. Mr. Folan having
communicated the result to the fishermen who were in
waiting, the name of their king was hailed with loud
cheers, the piper striking up " Garryowen." The Rev.
Mr. Commons then addressed them in Irish, telling them
as the admiral and vice-admiral were of their own
choosing, it was imperative on them, in everything in
which their fishing interests were involved, to render them
implicit obedience and act upon their advice, to which the
poor people responded with hearty cheers. They then
quietly returned to their homes, and as the even-
ing turned out wet, were prevented gracing the oc-
casion with the amusements which they had in con-
templation to celebrate the election of their sovereign.
They, however, erected a bonfire in front of the con-
vent gate. The following evening (Friday) the Very
Reverend Mr. Folan went in the Admiral's boat to
remain fishing with them during the night ; and we
ale glad to mention that there was a very general
though rather small take of excellent harvest herrings
on the occasion, which will afford some temporary re-
lief to numbers of the poor creatures, who have
.been
for a considerable time in the most wretched condition
imaginable, and who, the moment this relief ceases,
will, unless other means be found to assist them, be in
as pitiable a plight as ever.—Galway Vindicator.

BELFAST PROTESTANT ASSO
CIATION.

The third annual soirée of this society took place on
Thursday night, in the Music Hall, Belfast. The at-
tendance was numerous. Orange banners were placed
round the walls, on which were inscribed appropriate
mottoes. The flags belonged to the following lodges of
the Orange Society—viz., Nos. 631, 1,033, 182, 132, 347,
586, 246, and 245. The stewards and a large proportion
of the meeting wore orange and purple scarfs, collars,
and rosettes. The favourite tints were also very pro-
fusely displayed on the dresses of the ladies. The refresh-
ments, consisting of tea, cakes, and fruit, were of the
very best description, and in great abundance. _ There
was a brass band in attendance. We observed the fol-
lowing gentlemen on the platform :—William Blackwood,
Esq., J.P., Saintfield House; J. D. R. Cleland, Esq.,
ex-J.P., Rathgael House; J. R. Biers, Esq., ex-J.P.,
Bainbridge; J. Bates, Esq., W. Seeds, Esq., J. Wilson,
Esq., D. M'Connell, Esq., Dr. Mulliolland, Dr. Beck,
James Rogers, Esq., S.T.C.D., Henry Cooke, Esq.,
T.C.D., Rev. Daniel M'Afee, Rev. Mr. Pierce, Lis-
naskea, and the Rev. Mr. Hamilton. William Black-
wood, Esq., was called to the chair. The secretary
then read a letter from W. G. Johnson, Esq.,
apologising for his unavoidable absence, and en-
closing 11. towards the funds of the society. Letters of
apology were also stated to have been received from
Lord John Chichester, M.P., enclosing 1/. ; Earl of
Roden, enclosing 1/. ; Earl of Rathdown, Lord Adam
Loftus, Earl of Enniskillen, the Very Rev. the Dean of
Dromore, Colonel Bruen, M.P., and Rev. J. M. Bellew,
Drogheda, enclosing 21.. The chairman, in a brief in-
troductory speech, stated that he had great pleasure in
meeting the members of that association, inasmuch as
they had shown their deep-rooted attachment to the
glorious principles of the reformation at a time when
the rulers of the land and the leaders of the people had
apostatised from the truth and the integrity which charac-
terised the deeds of their heroic fathers. After calling
upon the electors not to vote at the next election for
any candidates who would not pledge themselves to
Protestant principles, the speaker exhorted them to ex-
hibit in their lives the evidence of Christian faith
and freedom. He besought them to be strong in
the Lord, and in the power of his might, and to be
ready, if need be, to lay down their lives in the defence of
the cause of civil and religious freedom, the cause of
Protestantism, and the cause of God. The chairman then
proposed " The Queen, long may she enjoy health, hap-
piness, and prosperity ; ever mindful of those principles
—religious and political—which placed her illustrious
house on the throne of these realms."—(Cheers.)
" Prince Albert, and the rising scions of the house of
Brunswick. (Cheers.) " The Reformation and the
Revolution ; and no surrender of the blessings be-
queathed ,to the Protestants of these lands, as well
as all others, by those glorious events." (Tre-
mendous cheering.) Mr. Rogers responded in an
eloquent speech. " The Protestant Established
Church of the empire, may it be made and
kept pure from all Popish and Tractarian leaven,
and thus maintained as a blessing to our land."—(Great
cheering.) Air—" The Boyne Water," Rev. Mr.
Pierce briefly replied. " The Sister Churches of the Re-
formation; long may peace and brotherly affection unite
them together in the truth of the Gospel."—(Cheers.)
Rev. Daniel M'Afee, of Derry, responed. " The
Earl of Roden and his fellow-defenders of Protes•
tant truth in Ireland."—(Prolonged cheering.) " The
Protestant electors of Belfast." John Bates, Esq., re-
sponded. During the course of his speech, he reviewed
the struggles of the Protestant electors since 1832, and
stated that they were as ready at the approaching dee- •
tion to gain the victory, as they had frequently shown
themselves before. J. D. R. Cleland, Esq., was then
called on to preside, when the thanks of the meeting
were voted to Mr. Blackwood, for his dignified conduct
in the chair. At twelve o'clock the numerous meeting
terminated.—Belfast .News Letter.

COLOSSEUM.—On Saturday the Princess of Prussia
attended by the Countess Ker, Lord Denbigh, Count
Puckler, and Baron Bunsen, visited the Colosseum. Her
Highness was accompanied through the establishment
by Mr. Bradwell, who had the honour of explaining the
various admiiable attractions, so agreeably distinguish..
ing this valuable exhibition, to her Royal Highness and
suite.

ART-UNION EXHIBITION.—The works of art se

lected by the prize holders of the year 1846, and re-
cently exhibited to the subscribers at the Suffolk•street
Gallery, were on Monday thrown open to the public
gratuitously. Until the 12th of the present month the
exhibition will be open from ten o'clock in the morning
until six o'clock in the evening, and in order that those
persons whose business occupies them all day may have
an opportunity of seeing the works, the rooms will be
opened on the Bth, 9th, 10th, and 11th from seven until
ten o'clock in the evening. Tickets will be required for
the evening exhibition. The visitors on Monday were
extremely numerous.
WOOLWICH, SEPT. 7.—MILITARY MOVEMENTS:—
Brigade-Major Cuppage's company, 9th battalion Royal
Artillery, left Woolwich this morning, at half-past
three o'clock, for the Nine Elms Terminus of the South-
Western Railway, en route for Southampton, having
received- orders to embark on board the mail steam-
packet which leaves to-morrow for Gibraltar, to relieve
Captain Shone's company, sth battalion, stationed in
that garrison since August, 1840. As Brigade-Major
Cuppage does not proceed with his company, the com-
mand will devolve on Second Captain J. B. Dennis.

THEFT OF BOOKS FROM GRAY'S INN.-011 Satur-
day information was received by the police, that a num-
ber of bound volumes of Acts of Parliament had been
abstracted from the library of Gray's Inn.

EXTRAORDINARY AGITATION OF THE SEA—From
a paper read at a late meeting of the Penzance Natural
History Society, by Mr. R. Edmonds, jun., it appears
that, on the Ist ult., the day on which the awful storm
occurred in London and other parts of England, about
four o'clock in the morning an extraordinary agitation
of the sea was observed by the labourers employed in
excavating Penzance Pier, the tide being then about
five hours ebb, and the sea very calm. The water sud
denly returned towards the shore to the depth of between
one and two feet, and, after an apparent pause, rushed
back " like a river " to, its former level ; the time occu-
pied in the influx and the reflux, including the time of
the water appearing to be stationary, was about six
minutes. The influx and reflux was observed only once.
It appears from the same paper that, with only one ex-
ception, all the shocks of the earth and extraordinary
oscillations of the sea in Cornwall during the present
century, whose dates aro known, have happened nearer
to the moon's first change, or quarter, than at any other.
West Briton.

A VALUABLE MONKEY.--Some time ago a monkey
kept in a stable yard of the hotel at Launceston, was
observed to be scrutinising the inside of an old glove,
with an air of unusal mystery and importance. Upon
examining the glove it was found to contain a 101. note,
and the pieces of about five 11. notes, of the old Tamar
Bank, dated ten years since. This became the property
of " boots," who sold his bargain for 31. 10s., and the
pieces were secured by the ostler. The monkey must
have selected the glove from a quantity of rubbish
Which had been lying in the yard for seven or eight
years. The Tamar Bank has merged into the Union,
WhiOil latter gm 126 fix cotes.

REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CORN
TRADE.

Although the weather has throughout the week been
highly favourable, and rapid progress has been made
with the harvest in the north—which would, under ordi-
nary circumstances, most probably have produced a
further depression in the corn trade—business has al-
ready in some degree rallied from the temporary inacti-
vity of last week. This must be wholly attributed to
the continued spread of the potato disease,,respecting
which the most alarming accounts pour in from all parts
of the kingdom. What portion of the crop may be ulti-
mately saved in a condition fit for human food it is yet
impossible to say ; but from the rapidity with which the
disorder is extending, the most serious apprehensions
are entertained. In many localities, where a few weeks
ago all was thought safe, the fields now present a black
and burnt appearance, the air around being tainted by
the stench which arises from the decomposition. We
still hope that the failure may not turn out so complete as
is at present feared will be the case ; but that the yield
of potatoes will be exceedingly deficient admits of no
doubt. Taking into consideration the fact that this
useful coat, besides affording support to a large propor-
tion of the population, is extensively employed for feed-
ing cattle, it is difficult to form a conception of the vast
extra consumption of grain which must be consumed by
a failure, or even great deficiency, in the yield thereof.
Already the value of bacon and other sorts of animal
food have risen considerably, under the impression that,
in consequence of the apprehended scarcity of potatoes,
the cost of fattening pigs, &c., will be greatly increased ;
and there is too much reason to fear that prices of all
sorts of provisions will be high during the coming
winter. Some influence was produced on the Wheat
trade by the dull advices from Mark-lane on Monday
last; and at all the principal markets held in the early
part of the week prices gave way about two shillings per
quarter. The fall was, however, only temporary ; and
the value of the articles has already in some degree re-
covered from the depression.
Contrary to expectation, a falling off has taken place
in the arrivals of wheat into London, only 12,610 quar-
ters having been reported up to this (Saturday) evening.
The quantity exhibited at Mark-lane by land carriage
samples from the home counties has also been small. On
Wednesday the show consisted of what bad been left
over from previous receipts, there being little or nothing
fresh up either from Essex or Kent. This imparted con-
fidence to factors, and they were less eager to press
sales than was the case at the beginning of the week.
Buyers, on the other hand, manifested more disposition
to purchase, but found they were unable to do so on as
easy terms as before; and a clearance was effected at
rates not previously obtainable. Later in the week the
inquiry for English wheat became more active, and the
little offered on Friday was easily placed at an advance
of from is. to 2s. per quarter. Foreign wheat having been
held relatively higher than that of home growth, and the
superior condition of the new rendering a mixture of
old less necessary than in ordinary seasons, the transac-
tions in foreign have been on a restricted scale through-
out the week. On Friday there was, however, a some-
what improved demand for fine Danzig and Rostock, at
prices which could certainly not have been realised on
Monday. The inquiry for bonded wheat on French
account has rather increased than diminished; and had
holders been more reasonable in their pretensions, rather
extensive operations would probably have been entered
into. The prices asked have, however, been too high to
admit of the execution of the orders received; and the
actual business done hes, consequently, been unim-
portant. The duty is still at the maximum point, and
is likely to remain there for some weeks; but if the
potato crop should really turn out so deficient as is ex-
pected, and an importation of foreign wheat become
necessary, prices of the articles will, later in the year,
rise so as to cause a material fall in the duty.
Town-manufactured flour has been in moderate re-
quest, at the recently enhanced terms; and there is now
no prospect of the millers reducing their quotations.
The arrivals of this article coastwise have been quite
trivial; and towards the close of the week good Norfolk
Households were held Is. per sack higher than on Mon
day last. For American flour the demand has been
active; several parcels have changed hands, in bond, at
245. to 245. 6d. per brl.; and for good brands of Western
Canal 235. to 295. per brl., duty paid, was asked, and in
some cases obtained, on Friday. The stock of free
foreign flour has already been greatly diminished; and
as future arrivals are likely, in the first instance, to be
stored under lock, the probability is, that what is now
free will bring higher prices than those at present current.
Indian corn has met a ready sale at 345. to 355. per
quarter, being is. per quarter more than it was worth
last week.

REVIEW OF THE FOREIGN CORN TRADE.
We have advices from New York of the 20th of Au-
gust, being six days later than the news per Hibernia
steam-ship. Harvest operations had been nearly brought
to a close in the United States, and supplies of new
wheat were coming forward freely. At New York a
fair extent of business had, it appears, been done in flour
for export to Europe; and prices had, on the whole,
rather rallied; for fine brands of western canal 4 dolls.
64c. had been paid, and superior George-town and
Brandywine had realised 4 dolls. 184 c. to 4 dolls 25c.
per barrel. Wheat and Indian corn had also been
taken for export; good qualities of the former at 81c.
per bushel, and the latter at rates varying from 51e. to
54c. per bushel. The Philadelphia market, on the 17th
of August was tolerably well attended, and several par-
cels of flour were taken for shipment at 4 dolls. per
barrel. Of wheat, 3,500 per bushel prime old Penn-
sylvania red had been taken at 85c. per bushel. The
next accounts from America will most probably inform
us of a material rise; as the advance which the value of
wheat underwent here about the middle of August would,
no doubt, occasion holders on the other side to raise
their pretensions.

All over the continent of ,Europe the value of wheat
ran up immediately it became known that England
would in all probability require foreign aid, in conse-
quence of the failure of the potato crop. Prim are
nearly as high now at Baltic as they were previously at
Mediterranean ports ; and there is certainly not much
prospect of business being done unless a further and
material advance takes place here. .
Letters from Dantzic of the 29th ult. state that a great
deal of excitement had prevailed there, and that sellers
had hardly known what prices to ask for the finer kinds
of wheat. Fine high-mixed could certainly not then
have been bought below 495. per quarter free on board,
and other sorts were held equally high, 455. had actu-
ally been paid for secondary sorts of mixed wheat,
weighing only 601bs. to 611b5.. per bushel. •The exports
to France, Holland, and Belgium had caused a very ma-
terial decrease in the stocks, and it was estimated that of
the 9,000 lasts remaining, little above 1,000 lasts con-
sisted of fine quality.
In Lower Poland the wheat crop was not well spoken
of, but in the upper provinces both the quantity and
quality would, it was thought, prove satisfactory. Rye
had produced very badly ; and the crops of most kinds
of spring-sown corn would, it was expected, be de-
fective.

At the Lower Baltic prices of wheat have run up in
the same proportion as at Dantzic ; and, notwithstand-
ing the late important rise here, quotations are still re-
latively lower at Mark-lane than they aro at any other
market in Europe.
From Hamburgh we have advices of Tuesday last. In
wheat there had not been much doing, the demand
having been almost wholly of a local character. Fine
62ilbs. Marks was then held at equal to 48s. 9d., and
lighter qualities at from 445. to 475. per quarter free on
board. A good many contracts for barley and oats, to
be shipped from Denmark, had been closed since the
previouspost clay. For the former article prices varying
from 225. 9d. up to 245. 6d. per quarter., according to
weight, &c., had been paid ; and for 38ilbs. Danish oats
equal to 19s. 9d. per quarter, free on board had been
realised.

A letter from Bruges, dated Ist instant, states that
the quality of new wheat grown in that neighbourhood
was generally approved of, but that in point of quantity
the crop was decidedly below that of ordinary seasons.
Barley, rye, oats, and potatoes would all prove short,
and of inferior quality.
From France the reports respecting the harvest are as
bad as well as can be ; and in Italy, and other southern
countries, the yield of corn seems to have greatly disap-
pointed the growers. The value of wheat has risen to
a very high point at all the leading ports in the Mediter-
ranean ; and the high value of this article has caused a
good deal of attention to be directed to Indian corn.
At Marseilles as much as 275. 9d. per quarter, free on
board, had, on the 29th of August, been paid ; and a
large vessel, capable of carrying 2,000 quarters, had
been charged to load for Great Britain at ss. per quar-
ter, with 10 per cent. and 10 guineas gratuity.--Mark-
lane Express.

ASIIBURTON.—PEAT GAS. —A company, of which
Mr. Vargo is the principal, has taken a certain portion
of the moor from the Duchy, for the purpose of cutting
peat for gas. They have made their experiment here
with the most complete success. The consequence has
been, that they have taken the Ashburton gas-works
from the old company for five years. They will com-
mence lighting at Michaelmas, and they engage to
supply the gas at 2s. per 1,000 cubic feet less than the
present company. The light is said to surpass that made
from coal or any other combustible material. It is a
patent, we believe; and in the manufacture of the peat
thero is a mixture of. coal, tar, and rosin with it. The
company will have in their employ about 60 men, who
will be engaged cutting peat during the remainder of the
season. It is possible for a good turf cutter to obtain
under favourable circumstances as much as 30s. a week.
—Devonport Telegraph.
TRANSMIGRATION Or SOULS IN SCOTLAND.—Once
upon a time, we will not say how long ago, a carter, in
the exercise of his vocation, was leading a cart of coals
for a spirit dealer called Weir, in the Brigton of
Glasgow. Previously to discharging his cargo of black
diamonds, the horse gave a significant look and a low
neigh, or,' as it is expressly termed in the Doric, a
niggher, which arrested the attention of a weaver named
Johnny Auld, then passing. The honest wabster was
as struck with the sound as if he had heard some long
forgotten air which had been buried in his memory
since boyhood. He stood gazing a minute at the musi-
cal quadruped, then disappeared a little, and returned
with his hat in his hand, filled to the brim with oats.
Giving them to the horse while the carter looked
on, thinking he was demented, be gave a clue
..
his benevolence by saying, " Oh, man ! (stroks O
head of the humble Bucephalus affec..tnieonei.:n.eityhse"l:_kreti'ghne.t
ling sync as weel as ony
me in the same
ton o' Glasgow. He wFough,:.
"6.itner, and our looms were as
shiop for eight years the";finer,
near ano anither :Is you au' me. Oh, sir ! (to the carter)
y a maun use him weel, for he was a good weaver in his
caus
day,
ie ! an,d, as flue a fallow as ever keepit the crown o' the
anecdote,n a its nts is
lit,erally true,This having been told to us by anessential cypeoi and 'ear
witness. Our informant did not learn how the weaver
accounted for the strange transmigration of his former
coppa,nion At tlitt 10001.--Duntfries Reandan4

RAIL WAY INTELLIGENCE.

SOUTH-EASTERN.

Extensive improvements are being made on this line
and its branches. At Dover the work consists in the
enclosing, by a seawall of 200 feet long, a space of
ground for the erection of an hotel. The wall is being
formed under the direction of Mr. P. W. Barlow, the
company's engineer, in compliance with an agreement
with the Commissioners of the Harbour. At Ashford
capacious buildings are being constructed for the stowage
and repair of the locomotives employed, and when com-
- pleted it will be the company's principal locomotive
depot. The works were designed by Mr. Stephenson, but
will be carried out by Mr. Barlow. Their estimated cost
is 100,000/. In the immediate vicinity of the station, the
company are building a church and cottages for four
hundred workmen. A breakwater has been erected in
the Whitstable Harbour, which has been singularly sue
ccssful in its action, having deepened the entrance and
the harbour from four to seven feet, and will enable
it to be used by colliers of any tonnage. An ex-
tensive coal-pier is also in course of erection, as the
harbour is now certainly the best for the supplies of
the county of Kent with coals. It will be the coal
harbour of the railway. The object of the opera:ions
at Folkestone Harbour is the deepening of the entrance
so as to enable the continental steamers to enter and
depart at low water. The work at present in hand
is the removal of the rocks which lie under water
immediately at the entrance. It is proceeded with by a
staff of divers, who fasten chains round the prominent
portions of the rock, which aro then raised by cranes in
barges. From sixty to eighty tons per day are removed,
and are used in the construction of a pier at the east end of
the harbour, which operates as an improvement to the
entrance by retaining the shingle; or beach. On the rocks
being entirely displaced, the entrance will be further
deepened by dredging and by a proposed backwater at the
upper part of the harbour. The wall of the upper basin or
backwater will form a station to which passengers will be
brought by the branch line to the edge of the quay where
the steamers are lying, thus avoiding the inconvenience
attending their conveyance in omnibuses from the upper
station. The whole of these works have been designed and
are being carried out by Mr. Barlow. The Tunbridge
Wells Extension is a work of a very interesting charac-
ter, from the difficulty of the country and peculiar posi-
tion of the town. It is situated in a basin formed by a
ridge of hills, which nearly surrounds it, and the rail-
way is extended from the present station, which is out-
side the ridge, by a curved tunnel, to a station in the
centre of the basin, which is remarkable for its central
and convenient position in the town. In the extension to
Hastings, the railway will pass a second time through
the ridge by a tunnel. The railway is nowhere above
the surface of the town, and the station may in fact be
said to consist of an enlarged part of the tunnel, so that
the line passes through the very centre of the town, with
the existence of a railway being scarcely perceptible.
BIRMINGHAM, LICHFIELD, AND MA N-
C HESTER.

BIRMINGHAM, MONDAY —A special meeting was held
at Dee's Royal Hotel this day. The chair was taken by
Mr. Spooner, M.P., chairman of the board of directors.
There was a tolerable attendance of shareholders.
The CHAIRMAN, in opening the business of the meet-
ing, read the terms of the agreement entered into by the
directors of the Birmingham, Lichfield, and Manchester,
and of the London and North-Western Companies, the
latter company agreeing to purchase the shares of the
former company by paying any sum not more than
16,0001. for the, expenses of the company's su-ccessful
application to Parliament, and a further sum of 20,120/.
for a bonus of 21. per share on those allotted and paid
up; the London and North-Western Company agreeing
to proceed with the works of the proposed line, and com-
plete them within the specified time.
A SHAREHOLDER inquired when it was probable the
21. per share bonus would be paid.
The CHAIRMAN explained that the London and North
Western Company would have to give four weeks' no-
tice of the meeting of their proprietory, after which be
did not doubt that the affair would be speedily ar-
ranged.
Mr. R. C. CHAWNER, of Lichfield, informed the meet-
ing that he had recently been assured by Mr. Swift, on
behalf of the London and North Western Railway Corn?
pany, that as soon as their meeting could be called, and
the arrangements confirmed, the money would be paid
over and the affair settled.

Resolutions confirming the above arrangement were
then passed, and powers given to the directors to
complete it, and attach the seal of the company to the
transfer.

STATE OF THE LAW.
(From the Commercial Magazine.)
The parliamentary session having drawn to a close,
and the fate of many of the railway projects being now
ascertained, parties connected with them are naturally
anxious to understand their legal position, and the nu-
merous cases which have been investigated and decided in
our law courts during the last few months, render the
present a favourable opportunity to present our readers
with the following brief summary of the best established
principles affecting the liabilities of the different parties
who are concerned in railway proceedings :
L RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF ALLOTTEES IN
ABANDONED SCHEMES.-It is now clearly established
that an allottee who has paid his deposit upon shares in
a scheme which is abandoned without applying to Parlia-
ment, can recover back his deposit from the promoters of
the scheme, without any deduction for preliminary ex-
penses. Thus, where the promoters have failed to allot
the requisite number of shares, or having allotted them,
have abandoned the scheme without applying to Parlia-
ment, or have induced the public to apply for allotments
by means of fraudulent representations, in all these
cases the entire deposit may be recovered back, and the
expenses must fall upon the managers. In most of
them the allottee may bring an action at law, or file a
bill in Chancery, against any one of the promoters who
has acted, or held himself out to the world as acting, in
the formation and carrying out of the scheme. The
allottee of shares in such an abandoned scheme cannot
be sued for the payment of the deposit, if he have not
paid it, nor can he be compelled to contribute towards
the payment of the debts and expenses which the'pro-
moters have incurred: - •

2. RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF ALLOTTEES IN
SCHEMES WHICH ARE NOT ABANDONED BY THE PRO-
moirEns.—The position of an allottee who applies for
shares in a scheme which the projectors do not abandon,
but carry out so far as by prospectus they may have con-
tracted to do,'or so far as the conduct of the allottees
will enable them to do, is somewhat different to the
position of those who have formed the subject -of our
first division. These allottees, if they make default,
may probably be liable to an action to recover da-
mages from them for the breach of their contract with
the promoters, or to a suit in Chancery for the double
purpose of recovering the deposit, and enforcing the
execution by them of the Parliamentary contract and
subscribers' agreement.
3. RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF AiLOTTEES IN
SCHEMES 'WHICH ARE REJECTED BY PARLIAMENT.—
Before a scheme is brought into Parliament, the usual
deeds are invariably signed by *the allottees, and these
deeds confer upon the promoters ample powers to carry
on or abandon the scheme, and to pay all necessary ex-
penses attending the same. Therefore, in cases where
the promoters have clone all that is necessary to place
the merits of the scheme before Parliament, but Parlia-
ment rejects it, the allotteec must submit to the terms
of the deed they have signed ; and probably the only
power they possess is that of checking the promoters in
any improper payment or dealing with the funds of the
company. But where the allottee has signed the usual
deeds, but the proper number of shares are not sub-
scribed, or any fraud was practised upon him by the
promoters, or the scheme is abandoned in an unautho-
rised manner, ho will have the same remedies against
the promoters as if no deed had been signed by him.
4. RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES OF SCRIPHOLDERS.—A
mere purchaser of scrip, or of letters of allotment, or of
bankers' receipts, has no rights against, and incurs no
liabilities to the promoters. If the schegie in which he
has acquired an interest be abandoned, he must look to
the party from whom he bought, and it is very doubtful
whether he has any implied rights against him. The
case of Thomson v. Sanders, which appears to establish
such rights, is not relied upon by lawyers, although it
has not yet been expressly over-ruled. It is, however,
possible that the holder of these documents may have a
right to use the name of the original allottee for the
purpose of proceeding against the promoters, but there
are many difficulties in the way of such a step, and the
point has yet to be decided.
5. RIGHTS OF CREDITORS TO SUE THE PROMOTERS,
ENGINEER, SOLICITOR, OR OTHER OFFICER OF A
SCHEME.—The creditors, like the allottees, may sue any
one of the promoters who has acted, or held himself out
to the world as acting, in the formation and carrying out
of the scheme. These parties constitute the company, or
project, or scheme; and each and all of them is or are
liable for all debts properly incurred for the advance-
ment of the common design. The engineer, solicitor,
secretary, or other officer of the company, may, by their
conduct, render themselves personally liable; but the mere
circumstance of their holding office in the company, that is
to say being the servants of the company, cannot render
them responsible for the debts of the company, their
employeri. On the other hand, they have no power to
bind the company by virtue of their offices alone ; such
a power must be expressly conferred upon them. There-
fore, the engineer's assistants or the solicitor's clerks, or
any other sub-contractors, cannot sue the projectors or
company. If this were suffered the confusion it would
cause would be indescribable. It would be just as ab-
surd as to allow all a tailor's workmen to sue a customer
who had ordered a coat from their master for wages due
to them from him for making the coat.
6. RIGHTS OF DIRECTORS OR PROMOTERS.—The di-
rectors or promoters may recover contribution from each
other for all expenses connected with the scheme which
they are called on to pay. At law they may recover the
proportionate part of each, with reference to the whole
number of promoters, but without any regard to the sol-
vency of the others; thus, if there are ten, and one pay-
dbu( bt ti,nonecilyuaitytenatn equalhcanb ecroenctorivbeuretidonfroer. maetreh of i'de
oths
~ coca fro
"--
all the solvent parties, without any
number of promoters. The -.c and tO tCie original
whom all the contree'
entered into. --ss eotineettd With the scheme are
of contr.-- -Limy nitlAt all of thefil site for any breach
A- on the part of
the promoters are ninnOronst 4nd have
in most cases undergone changes, it will be difficult to
maintain proceedings on such contracts; because the same
generally
parties must sue with whom the contract was made, and
the mere fact that one director is elected to succeed ano-
ther in a scheme which has no charter or Act of Parlia-
ment, will not give the party so appointed any power to
sue upon his predecessors' contracts. Hence appears
the indiscretion of entering into contracts by a general
name of-office, as "Committee," or "Directors," &c. It
Vei.::engifenteheers:aorrtieest others.
will be important for the future to have contracts with
companies of this kind made with a certain small num-
ber of persons as trustees. After the act is obtained, the
directors have groat and summary powers given to them
to recover deposits from shareholders, and to act gene-

rally in the affairs of the company, which will be found
in the general and special acts relating to the subject.
They must, however, be careful not to exceed these
powers. The recent act for facilitating the dissolution
of certain railway companies (9 and 10 Vic. c. 2S), will
also require attention, but we must reserve our notice of
its provisions for a future paper.

easy to see that the avenging spirit was already dying
within him.

WORSHIP-STREET;

!Valiant and Reuben Bray, two muscular labouring
men, and Mary Anne Bray, wife of the first-named pri-
soner, were placed at the bar for final examination,
charged with having assaulted and wounded police-
constable Hussey, H 214, whereby his life had been
seriously endangered.
Several witnesses were_examined, fvm whose evidence
. .

it appeared, that between five vans six o'clock in the

evening of Tuesday, the 26th ult., as police constable,
K 196, was on duty in Manchester-street, Bethnal-green,
he observed the three prisoners knocking violently at
the doors of several houses, and on requesting them to
desist, he was attacked by one of the male prisoners
with such ferocity that he felt it necessary to hasten off
for assistance. Having met the constable Hussey in an
adjoining street, they both returned to the spot, where
the prisoners' still kept up the same riotous behaviour,
and the second officer was about to seize the mo it Violent
of the three, when the prisoner, William Bray, wrested
his truncheon from: him, and struck him such a violent
blow on the head that he was felled to the ground, and
rendered insensible. Finding himself unable to contend

against such powerful assailants, the other officer has-
tc.ned once more to procure further aid, but before he

returned several other policemen yery opportunely ar-
rived, and found the three prisoners beating and kick •
ing the officer Hussey, who was lying on the ground
completely helpless and covered with -'blood. After a
severe struggle the prisoners were ultimately over-
powered, bat it required the united efforts of nearly a
down policemen to convoy them to the station-house.
Mr. Mears, the divisional surgeon, described the na-
ture of the injuries the cflicer had received, from the
effAlts of which he had ever since been confined to his
bed, and continued for several days in a state of immi-
nent danger.
Mr. Heritage, who appeared for the defence, stronzly
urged. the Magistrate to deal summarily with the case,
in consideration of the previous good character of the
pri,ioners, but

Mr. BROUGHTON said that the offence was of far too
serious a character to be summarily disposed of, and he
should commit the two male prisoners to Newgate for
the assault, but permit the woman to be discharged.
In the course of the day, Mr. Thomas Grueber, soli-
citor, of Billiter-square, accompanied by two of the
churchwardens of St. Matthew, Friday-street, who were
alleged to have'sanctioned the removal of the extensive
deposits of broken coffins and human bones from the
vaults of the church, in Friday-street, to the field ad-
joining the Regent's Canal, where they wore found pub-
licly exposed, presented himself in Court, and intimated
to the Magistrate, that in consequence of the serious
statements which had appeared in the public papers
relative to the above transaction, his clients had felt it
their'duty to come forward at once, and express their
readiness to furnish every information on the subject
whenever their attendance was required, and they confi-
dently expected to put quite a different complexion on
the case, and to afford such an explanation as would be
considered in every respect satisfactory.
Mr. BROUGHTON said that it would be premature at
present to offer any observations on, the subject, as the
investigation would be resumed on Friday next, when
every opportunity would be afforded them to offer what-
ever explanation it was in their power to furnish.
WOOLIVICIL

Captain John Patterson, of the ;ilier brig Volllnteer,
from Cardiff; appeared to show cause why he re!used to
pay- three of his crew,' named Charles Smith, John
Chapman, and John Thomson, able seamen, their full
wages.
Charles Smith, who acted as spokesman for his mess-
mates, stated that on the 10th of August they shipped
on board the Volunteer at Cardiff, for .14ndon and back,
at 4/. 10s. per month. They signed articles on these
terms. As soon as the brig reached London "the master
(Patterson) discharged them, leaving them to get back
to Cardiff in the best way they could. The defendant
offered them the wages due to them, but left them to get
home to their wives and families as they pleased. On
telling the defendant of the agreement entered into he
threatened to,kick them over the side of the vesel.

Captain Patterson produced the articles, and said that
it would be seen nothing was mentioned of the voyage
back at all, and that there was their mark attached to
it; he bad only acted in accordance with his orders from
the owners.

Smith said the captain read the articles over to them
very differently, and they signed their marks (not being
able to read and write) with the understanding that the
voyage was from Cardiff to London and back. This was
always their practice. They had been five days without
money to purchase food.
The defendant at length offered to ship them home,
but they refused to go after such treatment. The cap-
tain said he was bound to • act by the magistrate's deci-
sion, but the owners desired him to discharge them at
the end of the voyage.
Mr. TRAILL said that articles ought to be read over in
the presence of the crew, then defendant could prove by
one or more of them. The magistrateithen ordered the
residue of the wages to be paid.
The balances ing paid, the parties withdrew.
lIAMMERSIIHTII.

John Welham alias Greenwood, George More, George
Gardener, James Gardener, and John Jackson, alias
Smith, five members of a gang of thieves, known as
" Greenwood's Westminster Gang," were brought up
before Mr. G. Clive, the sitting magistrate, for final
examination on the following charge of burglary:—
Thomas Sapp deposed that he was one of the park-
keepers, residing at Hyde-park- gate, Kensington. About
five o'clock on the morning of Tuesday, the Ist inst., tie
left the gate-house and went within the park, by ti e
side of the high road, to unlock the gate by the Half-
way house. On the way he saw the prisoners Jackson
and More by the nursery of Messrs. Gray and Co., on
the other side of the high road. The prisoner More had
a picture in a gilt frame under each arm, and Jackson
was on a little before him. On passing Park-house
they turned into the meadow at the side of the road on
which Ennismore-gardens aro about to be built, and as
he passed he saw them standing behind some pales. Wit-
ness then went on, and unlocked the gate by the Half-
way-house, and as he returned he saw the same two pri-
soners together at the end of Park-house-wall, without
the pictures. They then came out into the high road
again, and went down it until they met the other
three prisoners, a distance of about one hun-
dred and fifty yards, and after a little conversation they
turned back, the five together, and walked towards the
meadow. Witness was at that time unlocking the small
gate opposite the Countess of Blessington's, after which
he went home and unlocked the carriage gates. He
then went out into the high road, when he saw the five
prisoners coming back from the direction of the meadow
along the high road until they came to Gore-lane, lead
ing to the Brompton-road, down which-they turned, and
witness lost sight of them. Witness went immediately
in search of a policeman. Witness assisted the police to
sea rch in the meadow for the pictures, when they found
the two produced under a large mortar board, which was
covered over with a number of tiles. Witness had no
doubt but they were the two pictures he saw the prisoners
More and Jackson carrying. Witness also found one of
the handsome china chimney ornaments and the roll of
brown holland produced in Hyde-park, within the rail-
ings, just under the coping-stone. All the prisoners
bad passed and repassed the spot.
Dunbar, T 91,, corroborated the evidence of the pre-
vious witness as to'the finding, of the pictures. Witness
also found the ivory work-box produced, and in it
several letters addressed to " Henry Duesbury, Esq.,
No. 1, Upper Gore, Kensington." Witness accordingly
went to Mr. Duesoury'a house, which was about 200
yards distant. He found ono of the drawing-room win-
dows open, and on going into the drawing-room he saw
both foot and hand marks on the window-sill, both out-
side and inside.

Amos, T 151, deposed to having assisted the two
previous witness in searching the meadow, both
on the morning of the burglary and on the
following day. On the latter, witness found the china
standing dish, the chimney ornament, the card case, four
D'Oyleys, and four damask table napkins, produced.
The latter have Mr. Duesbury's name on them:

Sergeant Skelton, B 4, gave testimony as to the ap-
prehen,ion of the prisoners.
Sarah Hailes deposed that she was cook in the ser-
vice of Mr. Duesbury. The drawing-room windows
look into the high road. On the Monday night witness
shut the drawing-room doors. It was not the custom
to shut the drawing-room window, it being sixteen feet
from the ground. The next morning she found the
room had been entered by means of the window. The
pictures, china ornaments, and other articles produced
were all the property of Mr. Duesbury, and were of the
value of 50/. and upwards.
The prisoners all denied any knowledge of the rob-
bery, and behaved with the greatest levity.
The police said the prisoners Jackson and Welham had
been before convicted, and the others were well-known
thieves.

The prisoners were fully committed to Newgate for
trial.

PUNISHMENTS 11l Tag FRENCH ARMY.—An
official report on
the
in the French army, during
1845, contains the. following:--Of 334,091 men, corn
prising the municipal guard and the fire-brigade, such
being the effective force of the army, 4,100 men had
rendered themselves ameanable to punishment, or
a proportion of 1 in 84. Of this number 2,987
were sentenced, which gives a proportion Of 1 to 112.
The number of condemnations to peines afflic•
tines et infamantes, that is to say, death, imprison•
meet, herd labour, solitary confinement, was 420. Con-
demnations to peines correctionnelles were 23567. The
peines infamantes iliiNteti were as Ito 795. The peines
correctionnelles 1 in 130. Of 00 capital sentences, 85
were commuted by the royal inerC7- Of the five
who suffered death, one was for the assasi7illitti°n ofa
Frenchman in France, one for the murder of a French-
man in Algeria, one for insubordination, in Algeijal
and two for acting as spies against the French in Algeria.
Among the volunteers the proportion is 1 accused in 27,
and 1 condemnation in 35. Among the recruits the pro-
portion is 1 accused in 103, and 1 condemned in 148.
Substitutes, 1 accused in 51, and 1 condemnation in 68.
In the cavalry, 1 condemnation in 134 ; in the infantry,
lin NO, Artilleryrl in 104; in the engineers lin 231.
Among the' veiang 1 in 177. Athong the staff and
scholars from military schools not a single case of repri-
mand. lii the fire-brigade at Paris 4 condemnations in
653 men. The municipal guard only had 3 condeinna-
tions in an effective corps of 3,158 men. Among the
gendarmerie, in 15,000 men there was only one case of
reprimand and one condemnation.
SLEEPY VV ETEEANS.—A curious notice is posted on
the chapel door of Greenwich Hospital, stating that
complaint has been made that many of the pensioners
,are in the habit of sleeping during divine service. The
atswains are therefore directed to wake them, unless
tht y are very old and infirm, and especially during the
reading of the creed, and to report all such offenders to
he captain of the week.