The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-20 00:00:00

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"2d. In consequence thereof, the Gove.ninent will
employ all its resources and powers to rendei the war
effectual to the reparationof the injury donetae
Mexican nation; it will complete the bodies of perma-
nent militia,. and levy new forces at once to the..lxtent
it shall deem necessary, both to fill up the bodi ss at
pre sent on fisot, and to create others of the same desc.riP-
tion; and if it shall need other special powers, Congrt '613
will confer them."

This report bears date the 16th ult., but we find it in
a paper of the 27th, and we know not at all what action
was taken by Congress upon it.
The diplomatic corps paid their respects to the Pre-
sident upon the 21st, to felicitate him upon his election'.
The British Minister, Mr. Bankhead, addressed the
President on the subject very briefly, and in very general
terms. The reply of the President is of the same chat-
racter—not a line in it possesses any interest.
Advices have been received from Durango, giving au
account of an action between a body of Mexicans and a band of savages, in which the Mexicans were utterly de-
feated, with the loss of their commander and others, left
dead on the field. This occurred early in June.
The situation of Matamoros and the north-eastern de-
partment is represented in the Mexican papers as de-
plorable. Without the speedy arrival of aid they are
lost irrecoverably, say the Mexicans. Copies of the
Republic of Rio Grande had been received in Mexico.
The papers say they are written in bad Spanish—
Shocking !
. . _

At fou—r o'clock on the morning of the 21st inst., there
was a slight shock of an earthquake felt at Vera Cruz,
which lasted some seconds. It was accompanied by
great agitation and roaring of the sea. The papers pray
heaven to spare them from the calamities of the elements,
while they are suffering from the evils of a foreign war.
The people of Tlaeotalpam, on learning of the blockade
of Alvarado, enlisted, to the number of several hundreds,
to defend the bar, and a few thousand dollars were raised
by subscription to erect fortifications.
Both the departments of Chihuahua and Durango are
suffering from the ravages of the Comanches and Lepans.
Their outrages are partially attributed to the intrigues
of the North Americans, some of whom have been seen
with the Indians.

BRIGHTON and DOVER RAILWAY
. COMPANIES.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
feel it to be an act of duty to call your atten-
tion to an instance'of criminal negligence on the part of
the Brighton and Dover Railway Companies, which,
but for the mercy of God, might have been fraught with
a frightful sacrifice of life. Owing to repairs now going
on, one of the lines of rails from the Annerley to the
Sidenham station is impassable; and the consequence
is,-that for that distance the down and up-trains have
to traverse the same single line. At twenty minutes
past eleven on Monday morning, I was waiting at the
Annerley station, when a down-train was seen approach-
ing at the usual speed, and just as the locomotive
had passed me, I heard loud exclamations from the
numerous workmen, who at the same time were
waving their hands ; and then, on looking through the
arch of the Annerley bridge, I saw a policeman violently
waving his red flag, and an up-train rapidly approaching.
At this instant the two trains, rapidly approximating,
could not have been at the most more than 200-SiaWs
asunder ; the distance could easily be measured, but I
feel certain it was, if any thing, less than stated. Both
engine.drivers turned off their steam and applied their
breaks, and in this way fortunately the collision, which
to all the by-sunders appeared inevitable, was prevented.
The trains were long ones, especially the up-train,
and full of passengers. Now, Sir, in a case like this,
which, if it had occurred in the dark, I hesitate not
to affirm must have ended in a fearful collision—.
for there is a bend in the line at this spot preventing, in
conjunction with the bridge, the approach of a train being
seen at a distance—in a case, I say, like this, there must
have been gross and criminal negligence in some quarter
or other ; and although no injury was done to life or
limb, it is the duty of the Government Inspector to insti-
tute a rigid inquiry into the matter, to ascertain who is
the party to blame, and then, be he high or low, a secre-
tary or ntpoliceman, to inflict a punishment, if indeed ho
has any means of giving efficacy to his investigation, com-
mensurate with the wrong committed. Several questions
immediately suggest themselves in such a proceeding.
How came it to happen that in a distance of eight
miles between two stations, New Cross and Croydon,
provided with the electric telegraph, two trains travel-
ling in opposite directions were so timed, as by any
possibility to allow of their meeting on the single line
of rails ? This is the fundamental question, and
whoever is responsible for controlling the transit is
responsible for this gross and dangerous negligence.
What is the gain of such splendid and beneficial
discoveries as that of Professor Wheatstone, who,
by placing in our hands a messenger which in vee
locity outstrips light itself, has given us a power
to regulate the comparatively creeping locomo•
tive, if these railway officials are to be allowed to dis-
use it? Then the question would arise, was any charge
given to the engine-drivers to observe special caution in
approaching the single line? If not, the parties who
start the trains at both termini were guilty of neglect of
duty. All the rest is a subordinate matter, for it re-
lates to engine-drivers and policemen—men of no educa-
tion, and who will, whilst the present preposterous
system continues, again and again be guilty of that
gross indifference to safety which marks the conduct of
all ignorant persons engaged in perilous undertakings.
To expect forethought, judicious alertness, and prompt
mental action on sudden emergency from such a class
indicates a total want of knoWledge of the human mind.
In reply to all this, the authorities may attempt to
make light of the matter; but it was thought no trifling
occurrence by those who were present. One of
the workmen said, "It had made him shake all over."
I enclose my card, and if any inquiry b
tuted, which I repeat for the sake of pry.vee
be ionnanstid-
future safety is urgently demanded, shall he happy on
being called upon to that effect, to give evidence to the
inspector. I state this, because it is certain that there is
a species of intimidation exercised by the official gentle-
men of these railways, which, as in the case of the Poor-
law Commissioners, repels useful and confidential com-
munications from their subordinate officers on ordinary
occasions, and which, on any unusual inquiry, tends to
stifle the truth.--Your obedient servant,
Aug. 18. VIATOR.

GLASGOW PIG IRON MARKET, AUG. 15.—AUTHORISED
REPORT.—The market opened this week without any change,
and remained so till Thursday, when the passing of the
American Tariff became known; immediately after, prices
took a start of several shillings per ton, and the market has
closed with much firmness, at 735. for No. 3 ; 765. to 775. for
mixed Nos.; and 795. to 80s. for all No. 1. Cash, f.o.b.—
one of the most extensive makers having made a sale of half
No. 1 and half No. 3, at 80s. cash ; and most of them are not
disposed to sell to any extent at present rates.
SU3IS BORROWED UNDER TUE POOR-LAW.—It ap-
pears by a return just laid on the table of the House of
Lords, that the total amount of money borrowed under the
provisions of the Poor-law Amendment Act, in the unions
comprised in the account of the population of unions (or-
dered to be printed 22d of May,1837) has been as follows:-
480,1211. borrowed for buildings, alterations, &c., of work-
houses ; 14,594/. " borrowed for any other purpose," making
a grand total of 494,7151. borrowed altogether. The total
sums expended by the said unions on account of legal pro-
ceedings relative to the settlement of poor persons during
the years 1836, 1837, and 1838, were respectively 5,9211.,
4,217/, and 4,4151. The average annual expenditure of the
years 1833, 1834, 1835, on account of such proceedings in
the parishes comprised in the same unions for the three years
prior to the formation thereof, was 9,6231.
GREENLAND FISHERY.—PETERHEAD, AUG. 6.—The
Enterprise, Martin, arrived here from Greenland, full ; left
the ice 12th ult., and reports as follows :—Eclipse, 5 fish,
120 seals, 75 tuns; Dublin, 3 fish, 400 seals, 40 tuns; North
of Scotland, 1 fish, 35 seals, 15 tuns; Commerce, 4,000
seals, 40 tuns ; Sarah and Elizabeth, 6 fish, 2,900 seals, 75
tuns; Forth, 2 fish ; Swallow, 1 fish, 90 seals; Anna, 2 fish,
3,400 seals; Jane, I fish, 1,500 seals; Bon Accord, 3 fish, 70
seals; Union, 900 seals; Hannibal, 1,600 seals; Fairy (Dun-
dee), 50 seals; Hamilton Ross, 1,100 seals; Flamingo, 900
seals; St. George (London), 700 seals; Constantina, 1,200
seals ; William Ward, 40 seals ; Eliza, 2,800 seals. And also
reports the Fairy, of Dundee, and Hamilton Ross, of this
port, being beset in the ice 27th June, but expected to be
got out; also met the Commerce and Union getting among
the ice to the fishing ground.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—THE EARL OF ALDBOROUGII
AND HOLLOWAY'S I'ILLS.—An astounding cure by this miraculous
medicine, after every other means had failed. See extract of hls
lordship's letter, dated Villa Messina, Leghorn, Feb. 21, 1845
To Professor Holloway,—Sir, I beg to acquaint you that your
pills have effected a cure of a disorder in my liver and stornaob,
which all the most eminent of the faculty, at home and all over the
Ts c/
Continent, had not been able to effect—nay, not even the waters
Carlsbad or Marienbad.—(Signed) Aldborough." These 71,2sodrtr1
Fills will cure any disease of the liver or stomach, Sold___(.2l.
.Etly.fra2tl4
Hol-
loway's Ointment) at Professor Holloway's
Otritud, siao 0[ Weems Teilderfa tarmu I 1",-"m".. 7.1"7

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constitution was appointed. Pens. yPt 'fla, C°uto,
Arrillaga, Bonilla, Tagle, Romero, and Val€ sncia were
appointed.
We annex a translation of the projet de lo or bill,
reported in relation to the war, by the cora mittee to
which it was referred. Bocanegra and Valera •lia were
among the members of this committee. After it short
report upon the circumstances of the case, the com-
mittee proposed the following:—
" The extraordinary National Congressef the Meff./10111
Republic considering:
" That the Republic ii the United States of Ameri:ltte,
with notorious violation of all right, has instigated and
protected openly and perseveringly the insurroction of
the colonists of Texas against the nation which fled ad-
mitted them upon its territory, and generously A:Wed
them with the protection of its laws.
" That it has incorporated the same territory of
Texas into its union by an Act of its Congress, notwith-"
standing it has always belonged by undisputed right to
the Mexican nation ; has been recognised as such by
the United States themselves, as appears by the boundary
treaties of 1832 and 1835.
" That it has not maintained the solemn assuraneos
and reservations in regard to the rights of the Mexican.
Republic, which by means of its agents it had made its
conformity with those treaties.
" That it has also invaded the department of Tamau-
lipas, introducing an army upon the left bank of the Rio
.Brav,o, giving occasion and origin to the battles of the
80.1 and 9th of May of the present year.
" 9.'hat in time of profound peace, and during the
established relations of amity between the two countries,
it has itcraded by land and sea the territories of the
California,~'.
" That it .has blockaded the ports of Matamnros, Vera
Cruz, and Tan.Npico of Tamaulip as, opening its fire upon
the defences of ,the latter.
" That it has aut,horised alevy of troops against Mexico.
" That it has decla,"ed war against the republic, wider
the pretext that the said states had been invaded, when,
in fact, they made the invu'‘ion•
"And, lastly, considering that the nationality of that
Mexicans is seriously compromised by the power and
the spirit of usurpation, flagrant.lv manifested by the
neighbouring nation of the United' b7+.ates—Decrees,
exercises of its
" Ist. The Mexican nation, in the
natural defence, is actually in a state of war with the
United States f America.