The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 2, 1846.

been really constituted in Italy until the accession of the
present Pope. Before his time public opinion remained
unfixed. The too convenient doctrine of despair was
still holding back a great number of persons, when the
measures adopted by the new Pontiff gave encourage-
ment to those who were desirous of progressive improve-
ments without any violent shock or disorder, and
preached observance of the law. The success of the
loyal addresses presented to the present Pore by the in
habitants of the legations produced a woed,rful effvet,
and induced all men to enter upon the same path. We
now learn from all parts that the extreme parties are
routed, and that moderate opinions remain master
of the field. We see with great satisfaction this
easy conquest of peace and of the principles of
genuine liberty. The moral support 9f enlightened
nations cannot be wanting to those who, by legal
means, endeavour to bring about improvements, and
aspire to effect their object by other means than rebel-
lion or disorder. A party proposing to itself to obtain
grand reforms by legal means, and without disturbing
the tranquillity of the people, undertakes the most
glorious, but at the same time the most difficult, task
that can be given to man to accomplish. Although mo-
derate opinions have in a short space of time made such
remarkable progress in Italy, it does not follow that
those who profess them possess already all that is neces-
sary for attaining their object. To effect great ends, it
is not sufficient that a party should be numerous—it
should, above all things, be well disciplined. Now, al-
though on the other side of the Alps, the majority may
be imbued with moderate ideas, organization is want-
ing, and without that success is not possible. We
do not, in saying this, allude to that organi-
zation of secret societies, concealing themselves
in caverns, and frequently amusing themselves
with setting up vain symbols ; we mean the avowed and
openly manifested organization of a powerful party,
acknowledging the authority of superiors, and acting
with openness and perseverance in the face of day, be-
cause their intentions are pure, and they are desirous of
never departing from the line of legality. The satisfac-
tion, which men experience when they quit the tortuous
path of plots and schemes, to take their stand on the
open ground of legal resistance, on which they may
always fight with their faces uncovered, ennobles the
soul and elevates the heart. On this ground the contest
may be greatly prolonged—it may present the most
diverse phases ; but final success can never be doubtful,
if the men who are contending for it are truly impressed
with a sense of their duty, and consider their task as a
grave undertaking which merits all their attention, and
for which they ought, if called on, to sacrifice all their
interests and all their pleasures,"
According to the Constitutionnel, there was a report
current in Rome, that the King of SARDINIA had
written to the Pont, complimenting him on the
amnesty and the promise he had made of granting
liberal institutions to his subjects. " This," says the
Constitittionnel, " would be a most important fact.
The existence of a friendly understanding between
the Roman and the Piedmontese Governments would
be a death-blow to the retrograde party, and to
Austrian influence. The approbation expressed by
King CHARLES ALBERT had, it appears, inspired
courage to Cardinal Grzzr, the Secretary of State,
who had addressed a note to the King of NAPLES,
complaining of the hostile intentions he had mani-
fested towards the Pontifical Court."

It would appear from the following article in the
Epoque, the journal par excellence of M. GIIIZOT, as
if the French Minister for Foreign Affairs wished to
exploits the visit of 18RA.1111% PACLIA to Europe to
his advantage :
"Amongst the various problems for the future," says
this other Ministerial journal, " which the eastern
question has left hitherto unsolved, there is one which
we avow has caused us some uneasiness. The heredi-
tary succession in the family of Mehemet Ali, that
afflicting concession, which force alone wrested from
the Porte, hc.s not yet been consecrated by fact. Mehe-
met Ali is the first of his race, and the Divan has not
yet renounced a secret hope of one day re-establisbirg
it; authority over Egypt. If, therefore, an opppor-
tunity can ever arrive for Turkey to make a last effort to
accomplish this object, it will undoubtedly be at the mo-
ment when the death of Mehemet Ali, shall, for the first
time, raise the question of succession. It is not that the
rights of Ibrahim Pacha appear to us doubtful, for
Europe has formally recognised them ; but it is well
known, and the page of history forcibly reminds us of
the fact, that the momentary crisis which ordinarily
attends every transmission of sovereign power, offers a
very seductive opportunity to the intrigues of the am-
bitious and to the objects of reactionists. There exists,
perhaps, in the particular condition of the family of Me-
hemet Ali elements of discord which may be perfidiously
acted on. The law of succession has hitherto re-
mained a dead letter, thanks to the long career
of the reigning P► ince. It has put forth no
root, neither in the family nor among the people,
and the traditions of Orientals are not of a nature to
give it a power beyond the reach of all dispute. On the
other hand, Ibrahim Pacha is not the only son of
Mehemet Ali, and he is not even the only one that has
given proofs of high capacity, and that enjoys consider-
able influence over the people. Ibrahim, it is true, com-
mands the army, but Said Pacha commands the fleet;
and Abas Pacha participates largely in the labours of
the Government, and has been able more than any other
to acquire the love and confidence of the Viceroy, his
father. Who can say that the mind of Said or of Abas
would not be accessible to the insidious counsels which
might excite in them the demons of ambition and jea-
lousy? A dispute relative to the succession, where
each of the pretenders could have his party, might lead to
civil war, put everything in doubt as to the question of
Egypt, and deliver her up to foreign intrigues and exigen-
cies. Superficial minds may be but slightly struck by such
provisions as these. Without being ourselves inclined
to exaggerate their importance, we nevertheless think
that, in face of the well known disposition of the
Porte, when it is considered, too, what indefatigable
perseverance England is capable of using to obtain
a result so important as that which would deliver
up to her the Isthmus of Suez, it would be a want
of common foresight not to seriously reflect on
the subject. We think it was wise to dread that
the Porte and England would be equally dis-
contented to recognise in the heir presumptive of
Mehemet Ali, the worthy accomplisher of his father's
work, and that they would hold themselves ready to
shake his power, in order to impose on him their wishes.
The French Government, therefore, used a wise and
skilful policy when it persuaded Ibrahim Pacha to accept
the invitation of the Queen of England. The oppor-
tunity was, in fact, favourable, not only for obtaining
from the Government of Great Britain an implicit re-
cognition of the rights of the hero of Nezib as the here-
ditary Prince of Egypt, but also to overthrow all the
hopes which might have been nourished by the Govern-
ment of Constantinople. England has now saluted
Ibrahim Pacha as the future sovereign of Egypt ; only
a few days since Sir Charles Napier solemnly proclaimed
his right, and Lord Palmerston, the Minister of Fo-
reign Affairs, joined in the declaration. Now, and in
consequence of the visit of Ibrahim Pacha to England,
the British Government has formally pledged itself' as to
the question of succession in Egypt. The Opposition,
with that clear•sightedness which distinguishes it, could
only discover in all this affair an act of servility on the
part of our Ministers towards our rivals on the other side
of the channel. The Opposition must allow us to think
differently, and to congratulate our Government for
having known how to take advantage of circumstances in
order to secure as much as possible fresh guarantees for
the peace and independence of Egypt, whose strength
and prosperity are so necessary to the triumph of the
policy and interests of France."

In the same paper we find the announcement of
the departure from Paris of Prince CALLEAIAEL the
Minister from the Porte to the Court of her Britan-
nic MAJESTY. This is, we believe, the first instance
in which the SULTAN has ever sent a Christian as his
representative to a foreign Court.

The Prince DE JOINVILLE and his fleet were in
the Bay of Naples on the 22d.
HENRI was on Sunday removed from the Luxem-
bourg to the Conciergerie.
The potato disease is spreading in all parts of
France. In the neighbourhood of Paris and in the
department of the Oise, more particularly at Cressy,
it has manifested itself with the greatest virulence.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on
Monday at 83f. 75c. ; the Five per Cents., 121 f 50c. ; the
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,2731. 75c. ; Rouen, 9621. 50c. ;
Havre, 700 f. ; Great Northern, 7121. 50c.; Avignon, 9181.
75c. ; Vierzon, 6281. 75c.; Bordeaux, 577 f. 50c.; Boulogne,
4851. ; Troyes and Montereau, 3621. 50c ; Pa►is and Stras-
burg, 497 f. 50c.; Paris and Lyons, 528 f. 75c.; Lyons and
Avignon, 490 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 4851. ; Spanish Ac-
tives, 33%; ditto Domestic Debt, 323/4 ; ditto Passives, 51,1.
MAnsalnnEs, Aua. 27.—Marseilles and Avignon, 913 i.
75c. ; Northern, 710 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 5251.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, SEPTEMBER 1.
Boulogne and Amiens, 13%—Direct Bombay and Madras, %
Dutch Rhenish, 6% —East Indian, % Great Western Bengal, %
--Jamaica South Midland Junction, —Louvain ala Sambre, 1%—
Luxembourg, 1% —Namur and Liege, 4N—Orleans and Bordeaux,
8% —Paris and Lyons Constituted, 5% Sambre and Meuse, 4%.

PRICE OF GOLD.—The premium on gold at Paris is
16 per mille, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s.
1014 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25
55 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25
75, it follows that gold is 0.87 per cent. dearer in London
than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold
is 4341% per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s.
1014 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of
13 934 ; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short
being 13 10112, it follows that gold is 0.34 per cent. dearer in
London than in Hamburgh. The course of excharge at-ICew
York on London is 108 per cent., and the par of exchange
between England and America being 109 23-40 per cent., it
follows that the exchange is 1.58 per cent. against England.
But the quoted exchange at Nevi York being for bills at 60
days' sight, tke interest must be deducted from the above
difference.
REPRESENTATION OF RoCIIESTER.—A meeting of the
electors of the city of Rochester is about to be convened, to
take into consideration the propriety of forwarding a requisi-
tion to Ralph Bernal Esq., M.P., inviting him to become a
candidate for the representation' of their city at the next
general election.
WESTNINSTER-BRIDGE.—A meeting of the inhabit-
,ants on the Surrey side of Westminster-bridge was held last
night, at the New Inn, Bridge-road, Lambeth, for the pur-
pose of considering the best means to be adopted for protect-
ing their interests in the event of the bridge being pulled
down. It was resolved to memorialise the Lords of the
Treasury in favour of adhering to the old site. A good deal
was said of the present inconvenience sustained by various
classes of the public ; and it was stated that omnibuses went
over the bridge 630 times a day, and 730 in summer; these
were now paying 151. 15e. a day in tolls, or above 5,0001. a
year.