The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-03 00:00:00

PORTUGAL.

By the Oriental Steam Company's ship Tagus,
which arrived at Southampton yesterday, advices have
been received from Lisbon to the 29th ult.
The Court are at Cintra. The KING had met with
an accident, having been thrown from his
hors%; his forehead was' cut, but he sus-
tained no other injuries. The Government
have commenced a crusade against the press, and
almost all the Liberal and Miguelite journals are
under prosecution. A Congress of Agriculturists is
to be held in Lisbon during to the present month.
Lisbon Bank-notes have improved; their last quoted
price was about 37 per cent. discount. The exchange on
England is—thirty days, 52i; ninety days, 52g.
There are magnificent crops of grain all over the
country, and an abundant wine harvest is also looked fur.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
In the National Assembly on Tuesday certain inter-
pellations were made on the subject of the arrest of
M. EMILE DE GIEANDIN, and the suspension of La
Presse. The result was that the Assembly passed a
vote of unlimited confidence in General CAVAIGNAC,
and declared that it was not necessary for him to
offer any explanations. It is quite true, as we stated
yesterday, that a demand has been made by the Pro-
visional Government of Alilan for French intervention
in the affairs of Italy. The Patrie of Tuesday says—
" An envoy extraordinary from Lombardy, M. Guer-
rieri, member of the Provisional Government, arrived
this morning in Paris, bringing news that a Committee
o' Public Safety has been instituted at Milan, to ward
off the dangers of the country. This body is composed
of three members :—MM. Maestri and Restelli and
Gen. Fanti, chosen by the Government from the Repub-
lican party. By this an imminent insurrection has been
avoided. The armament. and levy en masse are being
carried on with extraordinary activity. But on the 28th
ult., in the evening, at the departure of M. Guerrieri, it
was known at Milan that the Austrians were at Volta,
on the right bank of the Mincio, and that for 48 hours
there had not been any news of Charles Albert."
The French Government are disinclined to inter-
vention, and beyond sending a fleet to Ancona for
the protection of the Roman states, it is not probable
that they will interfere.
The following from the National may be consi-
dered as a declaration of the views of the French
Government on the Italian question :
" The accounts which have reached us from Italy
confirm the disastrous news we have before received.
After a battle which had lasted three days, the Pied-
montese arm has fallen back to Goito; it still, however,
occupies the right bank of the Mincio us far us Peschiera.
Badly commanded by General Perrone, the Lotnbardian
troops surrendered. The Tuscans, it is said, did not
show more firmness; and as to the Modenese, they are
accused of having gone over to the enemy after killing
the Savoyard general who commanded them. The
numerous works of attack thrown up by the Piedtnon-
' tese under the walls of Verona have been thus lost. The
battering artillery has been taken and spiked. To this
let us add the want of provisions, and we may fully com-
prehend the miserable position in which the army of
Charles Albert is now placed.
" It was very natural that these sad events should
have produced a deep impression at Milan and at Turin.
In the firmer of these cities a committee of defence has
been formed to guard against the dangers which threaten
the country; in the latter, the Ministry has been
abruptly changed, and its successors have been chosen
in such a mutter as to represent at once both Piedmont
and the new provinces annexed to Sardinia. Thus M.
Casati, of Milan, has been appointed President of the
Council, and ho has fur his colleagues M. Colegno Pa-
leocapo, a Venetian, M. Rosato, M. Ricci, and M. Fareto.
This new Cabinet is regarded rather unfavourably at
Turin, and one of our correspondents informs us that,
while be was writing, a numerous crowd were assembling
to get up a demonstration against them. At the same
time placards were posted up on all the walla of the city,
calling on the Chamber to set asido all other business,
and provide fur the necessities of the war. En passant,
we may observe, that the Chamber would have cline
well to have occupied themselves more with the affairs
of the Austrians, and less with those of th© Dames du
Sacre Cwar.
" But this is no time for recrimination. Italy must
be saved, and, if possible, she must save herself. How-
ever serious the state of affairs may be, we are from look-
ing on the country as lost. The resources within reach
of the Italians are too great fur us to feel any uneasiness.
Union, however, is necessary; it is indispensable. Let
all internal contentions, all private questions, all indi-
vidual differences be set aside. Let Italy, Turin,
andth
eFal o
ne
do
pe
ehnadveen
cb
eu t
woilnlen
oi dt ebae
lost.,
_
Milan, Genoa, nomea,nd
one object i n view,

We shall almost console ourselves for this late check,
if it may hare for result to put an end to these deplo-
rablehboyu
la d sentiment
set
aside ofth
eir their
private
rite
com-
mon dissensions, and destroy those long-existing jealou-
sies which have compromised, and will compromise, the
Italian cause more, perhaps, than the efforts of the Aus-
tmrioaini s
dander,thems
equarrels until peace has been achieved. Let them forget
their mutual wrongs, for the moment is ill chosen to
discuss them. When the enemy is at the gates, all Italy
tihvees. Italians UnitedUnited s
should fight as one man. It is neither a King nor a Pre-
sident that should occupy attention, but a sword. If
there be anywhere an army organized, let them rally to
it; if there be a general capable of commanding, let them
obey him, whencesoever he may come, and whatever
name ho may bear.
" While Italy is making this effort for herself, France
will not remain inactive. The weight of her word will
be exercised in Germany, and behind that mediation,
offered and refused, will be her battalions. But once
again we express our hope that there will be no occasion
to deprive Italy of the honour of freeing"herselt with-
out foreign aid. All that is necessary is one common
effort, and that her forces, instead of being weakened by
being too much divided, should be concentrated so as to
act with one common effect.
" And now that we have stated these truths about
Italy, let us be • permitted to give to Germany, in her
turn, some little friendly advice. We have hailed with
sympathy her military tendencies. Not to embarrass
her in her emancipation, the French Republic has been
careful that its policy should contain, neither directly nor
indirectly, no menace of aggression, and, at the same
time, a disavowal of all idea of conquest. Free in
her movements Germany has gone on at her ease in
constituting her unity. Let her not, therefore, attack
in others the right of which she is herself so jealous.
We regret to say, however, that for some time she
has shown a want of respect for nationalities.
That element was sacrificed in the Grand Duchy of
Posen; then Schleswig was attacked; now it is Limburg
that it is sought to attach to the Germanie Confedera-
tion. A policy of invasion appears to penetrate by
degrees into Germany, and to excite much uneasiness in
the public mind. What is the result of this manner of
acting? It is that Panslavism is making constant pro-
gress, and that the Poles, so deeply irritated by the
massacres of Gallicia and the occupation of Cracow in
1846, are—will it be believed?—actually rallying to the
Czar, in return for certain concessions which he has
made to them. Will Germany be content to see Russia
increase her power, by the junction to her of all the
strength of the people of Sclavoniun origin? Let her
look to this. Her real enemy is not on the Adige,
and, while Austria is drawing her troops from Cracow
and Gallicia to attack the Milanese, 150,000 armed and
well-mounted Russians are waiting in Poland, only a
word from Nicholas, to cross the frontier.
" It would be neither just nor politic for Germany to
seek a support in St. Petersburgh. M. de Metternich
could follow no other policy, but in 1848 has inaugurated
a new system of European law. Absolute sovereigns
assist each other; let, then, the people league together to
save themselves. Italy independent, Poland free, will be
sure and more profitable allies for Germany than Russia,
conquering under the direction of Nicholas."
Such are the views of the modeiate Republicans at
present in,power in. France, but the party which owns
M. TIMM acrd ODILLON BARUOT as its chiefs is
not one whit more inclined to interfere in the affairs
of Italy. In speaking of the mission from Milan, the
Constitutionnel says—.
" We, need not observe how much this isolated step is
in contradistinction with the principle of fusion between
Lombardy and the kingdom of Sardinia, proclaimed by
the Chambers of both countries; we do not, therefore,
doubt that our Government will receive these overtures
with extreme reserve. iteverses cause discord amongst
the best friends. While the Milancse area eeking safety
elsewhere than in the Sardinian army, iscontent has
also broken out at Turin, There they are complaining
that the fusion treaty has thrown obstacles in the way
of their own measures for public safety. The defeat at
Villa Franca is attributed to the instability of the Lom-
bard battalions, who dragged the Tuscans along with
them, whose courage had been proved at the fight at
Curtatone, and they cry out against the Modenese, who
deserted to the enemy. Inconsequence they call for a
suspension of all questions but that of war, and in so
doing we think they are right, and we hope.all Italy will
follow the example. The question of independence pre
cedes and overrules that of the constitution. It is time
that this truth should be well comprehended. Union
alone can save the country. It is said that the Duke
of Genoa declines the crown of Sicily until the war of
independence be terminated.

Louts MicaosLAwsrit, chief of the last Polish in-
surrection, has arrived in Paris. It is said that he

obtained his release on the application of the French
Minister at Berlin.

The Bien Public says:—

" It was stated yesterday, at the end of the sitting,
that M. Proudhon was determined to give in his resig-
nation as representative of the people. After the
striking reprobation with which he was stricken by a
solemn vole, he thought, no doubt, that it was not per-
mitted to him to remain in an Assembly which branded
his doctrines as injurious to morality, family-, and all
the laws of society. M. Proudhon will probably appeal
to the people. The two votes (including his own, no
doubt) which he found last evening in the ballot of the
Chamber, may cause him to have a presentment of the
judgment which will be given by universal suffrage."
The following letter has been addressed to the
.Reforme, by the undersigned representatives of the
people :

" Monsieur,—We have protested from the bottom of
our consciences, and with all the energy of our convic•
tions, against the disastrous doctrines developed by our
colleague, citizen Proudhon, but we deemed it our duty
to abstain from voting on the order of the day motive.
We consider that the Assembly had not a right to stig-
matise one of its members for an opinion made public in
the national tribune, of which nothing ought to touch the
inviolability. We remembered the case of the illustrious
Gregoire visited by the indignity of a vote, and Manuel
torn from the tribune of the Chamber of Deputies. We
could not consent to join in a vote which could awaken
these deplorable reminiscences.
" THEODORE BAC; JOLY, sen.; MULE, Ben.;
Joi.r, jun. ; ROBERT (de l'Yonne);
DEYILLE ; BONJAT ; B. DETOURS ;
CALES."

The ilioniteur contains the decree for the regula-
tion of clubs. It also contains a proclamation of the
Prefect of Police on the state of Paris, in which some
encouraging circumstances are set forth, such as the
gradual departure for their homes of operatives of the
provinces, the redemption of pledges at the Mont de
Piete exceeding in amount the sums lent, the dimi-
nution of emigration indicated at the passport-office.
It appears that the number of insurgent prisoners is
now 9,223.

E Union gives the following :—" The commission
of inquiry as to the insurrection heard yesterday the
report read in its bureau. It seems certain, from
what has transpired of the deliberations of this Com-
mittee, that MM. LEDRU ROLLIN, LOUIS BLArC, and
CAUSSIDIERE, are seriously inculpated, and also other
representatives. _ .

The Committee deliberated yesterday on whether
it should propose the trial of the representatives that
the report charged as guilty of complicity, or should
leave to the Assembly the iniative in the accusation.
They decided to take the latter course.
The Government has already commenced arrange-
ments for the early removal of 600 insurgents ordered
to be transported.
The Infanta Donna JosErnA DE BOURBON, cousin
of Queen ISABELLA of Spain, has arrived in Paris,
with her suite.