The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDA'Y EVENING, DECEMBER 13, 1848.

could be more conspicuous, that despotism is, with
us, not only obsolete in every particular, but
that the last vestiges of feudality have been
long since scattered abroad to the winds.
Where MART would have punished VICTORIA sues.
Where Prince PHILIP would have obtained satisfac-
tion by means of the thumbscrew and the Scaven-
ger's (laughter, Prince ALBERT demands protection
by an affidavit taken before the Court of Chan-
cery. The old regime has passed away before an
embrasure has fallen from the cloud-capped towers
or a tile from the gorgeous palaces. A new age has
grown over us imperceptibly, and the political world
i 3 canopied by a new sky, studded with new constel-
lations. With a sense of this beneficent change in
England as a constitutional monarchy, the thought
recurs to the mind simultaneously that what so many
millions are struggling to attain through desolated
streets and desecrated fanes, through death and
agony, in defiance of the bullet and the scaffold, in
the midst of cannon and conspiracies, we already
enjoy in their utmost plenitude. That, indeed, is the
secret of our tranquillity. We have liberty of speech,
and liberty of the press, and liberty of meeting, and
liberty of petitioning. We have personal inviolabi-
lity and inviolability of home. We have a po-
pular representation and an annual revision of the
budget. We have responsibility of the Ministers and
a perfect freedom•of conscience. We have trial by
jury and authority over taxation. What the nations
OD the continent are aspiring to possess, we have long
since treasured up as the palladia of our empire.
The dreams of the foreigner are our realities. The
holier precepts which philosophy has depicted as the
guiding influences of existence, in Arcadia, in
Utopia, and in the visionary recesses of Icarie,
have been legibly inscribed upon the leaves
of our statute-books and accepted by the
sagacity of our successive Parliaments. Much
unquestionably remains as yet to be accomplished,
but our future labours must be those rather of modi-
fication than of creation. For, inasmuch as the case
this day brought under the consideration of the
Court of Chancery has elicited this gratifying
comparison between the state of England and that of
Continental Europe, we are satisfied that the par;
ticulars given elsewhere by our reporter will be
perused with avidity and satisfaction.

The only tangible ground put forward by the
opponents of an extensive reclamation of the waste
lands in Ireland is, that a fair return could not be
obtained for the necessary outlay—in other words,
that it would not pay as a mere pecuniary specula-
tion. In support of this view they put forward a few
solitary instances in which parties who have tried the
experiment have not succeeded to the full extent of
their expectations. Many causes may have contri-
buted to these failures, if failures they have been.
The requisite skill might have been wanting—too
much might have been attempted in the first
instance, more than the amount of capital at the dis-
posal of the parties could justify. A hundred other
causes may have contributed to the untoward results.
We have no doubt that if the cases of alleged failure
were fully and closely investigated the most
satisfactory explanations could be given as to the
real causes thereof. It is not because two gentlemen
who brought 2,000/. or 3,0001. to the undertaking,
abandoned it in despair at the end of five years, or
because the monks of Mount Meilleray, after having
reclaimed five hundred acres of boggy mountain,
thought proper to take a large farm of rich land in
the county of Tipperary, in addition to their moun-
tain holding, that the experiment of reclaiming other
waste lands must be abandoned as a hopeless under-
taking. Against the cases thus cited by the Irish
Peer we might adduce innumerable instances of
the most successful results, where the parties em-
barking their capital received the rewards due to
their industry and enterprise, and realised large
_ _

fortunes for themselves, while they were affording

employment to hundreds of labourers, and conferring
permanent benefit on the entire country by bringing
new tracts of lands into cultivation, and thus in-
creasing the food available for the general support.
The best answer, however, that can be given is a
statement setting forth the present value of the
lands, the probable amount of expenditure ne•
cessary for their reclamation and their probable value

► when brought into cultivation. If we find a variety
of different estimates, all made by men of competent
skill and experience, agreeing that there would be
' a return varying from six to ten, and in some in-
stances twenty per cent. on the outlay, and that
twenty-five years' purchase could readily be obtained
therefor, the beneficial character of the speculation
will become apparent, notwithstanding the doubts and
difficulties of the Irish Peer with respect thereto.
The letter of Mr. RIGBY Wisox, which appears
in another part of our impression this day (the third
of a series directed to Lord JOHN RUSSELL, to which
we invite bis Lordship's most earnest attention), con-
tains calculations that must prove conclusive on the
question. Mr. WAS ON is no ordinary witness. His
statements are not founded on mere hearsay, nor does
he jump at a conclusion on insufficient grounds.
Few men have laboured more energetically,
or, we rejoice to say, more successfully, in
bringing new land into cultivation, and thus adding
to the resources of his country. While possessed
of a seat in the Legislature he acquired a character
for great practical knowledge and sound judgment.
The opinions of such a man must at all times com-
mand the greatest weight, more especially when
those opinions are founded on matters that came
immediately under his own cognizance, are in fact the
results of his own experience.
Mr. WASON being resolved to keep on the safe side
of the question, has framed his calculations
on the very highest estimates. It is no-
toricus also that the facilities fur reclaiming
laud in Ireland are much greater than in
Scotland, where Mr. WasoN's operations have chiefly
been carried on. Lime, perhaps the most essential
ingredient, is to be obtained in greater quantities, of a
better quality, and at a cheaper rate in Ireland ; it
will not be necessary either to expend so much labour
in bringing it to the lands. The labour is equally
abundant in both countries, perhaps something
cheaper in Ireland than in Scotland. All the
advantages are, therefore, on the side of Ire-
land, and much larger profits will be realised
even than those referred to by Mr. WasoN ;
and he has proved that if the poor-rate was
struck on the same valuation that existed previously
to the reclamation, the profits would amount to no
less than 87,5001, on a capital of 131,2501., What
capitalist could desire a more promising field for
investment; ?

Mr. WAsoN has assumed the value of the re-
claimed land to be ss. per acre per annum, and has
also calculated on a permanent poor-rate of 10s. in
the pound thereout. We believe that very few of
the waste lands in Ireland, even those affording the
greatest opportunities for improvement, could be esti-
mated at more than 2s. per acre ; this would make
considerable difference in the result--a difference
which would altogether be in favour of those em-
barked in the speculation. The poor-rate, too, would,
as Mr. WASON justly remarks, be materially reduced
throughout the union, by the employment of so
great a number of the population as would be neces-
sary for reclamation. This, again, would be a mate-
rial advantage to the
new 'proprietors and occupiers
of the reclaimed land.
Again, Mr. Wasox has calculated the cost of
reclamation at 10/. per
douhtedly, a high rate,
andacre.far f
beyond the This is, un-
estimates that have hitherto
dd an made. In-
eaver-
Perl
deed, those estimates have seldom eexen
In-
age of from 61. to 91. acre, inoludeieng the dr
ain
age, which would render the land previously "
usl rlu.ed." at 2s. per acre worth, at the lowest calculation 20s,
per acre per annum, or at least ten per cent. on the
cost; indeed, the estimates of Mr. Iticnaun GRIFFITH
were framed on this basis when he reported that
1,425,000 acres of land, now waste, was improvable
into arable, and 2,330,000 into pasture lands.

. .. ___.
Surely, no further arguments are required to re-
fute the vague assertion of the opponents of all irn.
provement.

RAPID SALE.— We have hardly yet had an oppor-
tunity of looking into Macaulay's splendid History of
England, and now the book is out of print ! Revolu-
tions of late have been carrying all before them in
the political world, and now they are extending to
the literary ! Just fancy a large impression of an
historical work walking off in a week ! This is
something new even in Paternoster-row.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The poll for President closed last night, and if we
are to judge from the returns already published, there
can be no doubt but that Louis NAPOLEON has been
elected President by a very large majority.

It must, however, be borne in mind that these are
the returns only of the Bonapartists themselves, and
that yesterday they published a statement of the poll
as taken on board the Civita Vecchia fleet, which
gave Louis NAPOLEON an overwhelming majority
whereas the official statement proved that the majo•
rity was upwards of 400 in favour of Genera.
CAVAIGNAC.
The following returns are given by the Presse :
CANTON OF ST. GERMAIN.—VOTES, 4,843.
Louis Napoleon ... ... .. 3,811
Cavaignac ... ••• • • ... 913
Ledru Rollin .. .. • • 57
Raspail .. ... .. .. 20
Lamartine ... .. .. ..• 17
Votes lost ... .. .. 25
SEVRES.—VOTES, 1,866.
Louis Napoleon
Cavaignac
Lamartine
Ledru Rollin
Raspail
Votes lost

1,500
282
7
52

MEUDON.—Vono, 828.
Louis Napoleon .. . .
Cavaignac
Lamartine ... ...
Ledru Rollin ... ...
Raspail ...
Votes lost ..
VILLENEUVE ST. GEORGE (SEINE ST OISE).
VOTES, 1,132.
Louis Napoleon
Cavaignac
Ledru Rollin
Ras pail

875
283

- - - - - -
The Oourrier de la ,Somme contains the following
relative to the departments of the Somme and the
Seine et Oise :

SECTION OF HANGEST..—ATOTES, 1,077.
Louis Napoleon ... ... ... 986
Cavaignac ... ••• ••• .. 81
SECTION OF ALLONYILLE.VOTES, 231.
Louis Napoleon .. • • • • 229
Cavaignac ... ••• • • .. 1
At Breteuil (Oise) Louis Napoleon has had all the
votes.
THE 18TH REGIMENT AT VERSAILLES.—VOTES, 819.
Louis Napoleon .. • • .. 800
Cavaignac ... • • ••• .. 19
LAROCHE GUTON.—VOTES, 1,200.
Louis Napoleon ... .. .. 730
Cavaignac .. .. 120
BONNIERES.—The same proportion.
ARGENTEUIL.

Louis Napoleon ...
Cavaignac
Bugeaud
Ledru Rollin
Bulletins annulled
-MONTMORENCY.
Louis Napoleon ... ...
Cavaignac

••• ••• 882
••• .. 144

2,800
200

PALAISBAU.
Number of voters inscribed
Number who voted
Louis Napoleon ...
Ledru Rollin
Raspail
Lost votes
~,

906
770
669
52

MARL!' LE Ror.
Electors inscribed .. • •
Ditto voting .
Louis Napoleon ... •••
Cavaignac
Ledru Rollin ••• •••
Lamartine ... ~,
Raspail ~,
Lost votes ... •••
The Estafette says—
" The 18th Regiment of Light Infantry, which has
voted at Versailles, has given 800 votes to Louis Napo-
leon Bonaparte, and nineteen to General Cavaignac. A
representative of the Somme has communicated a letter
from a canton near Amiens. Out of 1,089 votes, M.
Louis Napoleon has obtained 1,000, and General Ca-
vaignac eighty•nine."
In the section of Naours ninty-eight out of every
hundred votes were for LOUIS NAPOLEON. In the
second section of Boctemil (Vise) Louis NAPOLEON
was unanimously elected. The same was the result
in the canton of Maignelay, and nearly the same at
Picquigny.
In the section of Allonville, in which 236 voters
are inscribed, 231 voted, and the following is the
result :

1,201
1,016
832
156
16

Louis Napoleon , . ~, . , 230
Cavaignac .. • • , , 1
In the canton of Sevres the following is the re
suit :

Voters
Lous Napoleon
Cavaignac ..
Lamartine ..
Ledru Rollin
Raspail ..
Sobrier ...
Barbks • •
Lost votes .. ••• , ,
We have received the following returns :
CALMS AND ST. PIERRE.
Louis Napoleon
Cavaignac ...

2,694

. . 2,177
. . ZB2
.. 16
.. 54

... 2,558
... 1,475

MAR QVISB.

Louis Napoleon
Cavaignac • ••
SAILER AND ITS ENVIRONS.
Louis Napoleon
Cavaignac

... 2,321
... 493

MONTMARTRE.

Louis Napaleon
Cavaignae
Ladru-Rollin
Raspail
Lamartine
Henri V. ..
Bugeaud
Cabet

• . . 2,643
▪ 802
▪ . . 375
▪ 303
. . 57

.. ... ...
MONTMORENCY.
Louis Napoleon .. ... .. 925
Cavaignac ...
••• ••• ... 141
The following is the poll of the fleet stationed on
the coast of Italy
Cavaignac ... .. .. ... 4000
Bonaparte ...
• • • • • • ...
Lamartine .. 300
15
.. ••• •••
Ledru Rollin
••• .. .. 35
At Lille and Dieppe General CAVAJGNAC had the
majority.
At Rouen the numbers were :
Bonaparte ..,
• • .. .. 11,000
Cavaignac .. 8
••• • • ... ,000
At Elbceuf Louis NAPOLEON had 4,171 votes and
his opponents 700.
___

The Moniteur de Soir announces that telegraphic
dispatches had been received from the departments
which announce that the elections had every where
passed off with the most perfect tranquillity.
In the sitting of the National Assembly on Mon-
day, it was decided by a majority of 358 to 204 to
include among the organic laws, a law relating to
to the organization of assistance to be given to the
poor, and of works to be reserved for men who are
either in bad health or unoccupied.
The Moniteur of yesterday says—" The President
of the Council will not receive on Thursday next nor
the Thursdays afterwards."

General CAVAIGNAC and his friends will be the
first to bow to the will of the country declared by
universal suffrage. They will have recourse to no
coup d'etat. They will be guilty of no factious op-
position. The National says,
" What is to issue from the electoral urn is still a mys-
tery; but, whatever it may be, we shall consider it as
the will of the country, and shall respect it as such.
As long as the struggle lasted we fought with all our
energy; we neglected nothing that could throw light on
the great question of the Presidentship. We believe
that in doing so we performed our duty towards the coun-
try and towards ourselves ; we have now another duty
to perform. We declare that whatever name issues from
the electoral urn shall be that of the Chief Magistrate of
the Republic. In advance we recognise it as such. As
long as he remains within the limits of the Constitution,
the President shall be for us the President. Should
the ballot show that we have been in the right, if it
raises to power the influence in the triumph of which
we seek the triumph of the Republican idea, and of the
interests of the country, our position will be perfectly
simple—we shall be the sincere but severe friends of the
new power. If, on the contrary, it is the opposite in-
fluence which prevails, we shall forget that we have
been its most energetic enemy, and we shall regard its
acts, with the Constitution in our hand. The Constitu-
tion is our symbol of political faith, for it consecrates
that great principle of popular sovereignty for which we
have so long fought, and which is the basis of all mo-
dern society. It will be our rule in the line of conduct
which we shall have to follow, our arm in the struggles
which we may have to support. It is around the Con-
sti ution that ought to be grouped all go,,d citizens, all
who desire the re-estab:ishment of order, the restoration
of confidence, and the end of revolutions—in a word, all
the elements of progress which French society contains.
The first condition of so desirable a future is the sincere
application of the Constitution: we never forget it."
So long as LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPARTE is con-
tent to act loyally as President of the Republic, he
will be considered by all true Republicans as the re-
presentative of the Republic; he is in no danger from
the intrigues of the Republicans. But he is in
danger from the intrigues of the reactionaries, the
'Tiers, the Odilon Barrots, the Moles, and the
Emile de Girardine, who will use him as a mere
warming-pan for the Comte DE PARIS, and who are
at this moment plotting his overthrow.
_ _

It is said that he visited M. ODILON BARROT on
Monday, and afterwards returned to Paris and dined
with M. TRIERS. The reactionary journals give the
following as the list of his first Ministry. M. LEON
DE MALLEVILLE, Minister of the Interior; M.
ACHILE FOULD, Minister of the Finances ; M.
DROUYN DE LHUYS, Minister of Foreign Affairs ;
M. LEON FAUCHER' '
Minister of Commerce • M.
E
BARTHLEMY ST. HILAIRE, Minister Of Pub-
lic Instruction ; M. ODILON BARROT, Mi-
nister of Justice and Keeper of the Seals ;
and General OUDINOT, Minister of War. It
is thought that General CHA.NGARNIER will retain
the command of the National Guards of Paris, and
that Marshal BUGEAUD will be appointed Comman-
der-in-Chief of the Army of the Alps. It is also
said that M. THAYER, the son-in-law of General BER-
TRAND' is to be appointed Prefect of the Seine. It
is said that M. EMILE DE GIRARDIN has proposed
himself as Prefect of Police, but both M. TRIERS
and M. ODILON BARROT oppose his appointment to
any office.
Count Mom', who sentenced NEr to death, will, it
is said, hare some high office, and M. DESAYES, the
Director of the Political Department of Foreign
Affairs under M. GUIZOT, is to be the Ambassador to
England. Now, unless Prince Louis NAPOLEON has
Esau-like sold what he considers his birthright for a
mess of pottage, he will not send any former em-
ploye of M. GUIZOT to England in the character of
Ambassador. M. TRIERS can tell him what are M.
GuizoT's ideas of the duties an Ambassador owes to
his chief, and unless Prince Louis NAPOLEON wishes
to be betrayed, he will not employ any friend or asso-
ciate of M. GUIZOT as Ambassador.

The Moniteur publishes two decrees in execution
of the Bill passed on November 21, the one directing
2,500,000 E, Three per Cent. Rentes, to be inscribed
in the Grand Livre, to the account of the holders of
Treasury Bonds, with dividends commencing from
22d June last, and also 90,000 f., Five per Cent.
Rentes, to be inscribed on the Grand Livre to the
account of the subscribers to the National Loan, with
dividends commencing from 22d Maich last. Both
these credits are to be subject to ulterior regulation.
The second relates to increasing the inscriptions of
the consolidated accounts in the savings' banks from
71f. 60c. per cent. to 80f, according to the same
Bill.

BOURSE—PARIS, TUESDAY, DEC. 12.
THREE O'CLOCK.—The riso in the French Rentes has
made further progress to-day. The confidence inspired
by the great and overwheltnning majority in favour of
Louis Napoleon is becoming daily greater, as he is sure
to establish a strong Government. For the Account,
the French Three per Cents. have risen If. 65c.; Five
per Cents. have risen 3f. 05c.; Loan has advanced
2f. 60c. Fur Money, Three per Cents. have risen If.
50c.; Five per Cents. have risen 2f. 40c.; and the Loan
If. 90c.; Bank of France Shares have improved 40f.;
Belgian Bank Shares and Two-and-a-Half per Cents.
not quoted; Roman are If. better. Exchange on Loudon
(30 days), 25 4741 ditto (90 days), 25 37i.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
Luxembourg
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, DEC. 12.
and Bordeaux, 2—Sambre and Meuse, 3.
(71.), a—Northern of France, 6%—Orleans

SPAIN.
Madrid journals of the 6th inst. have arrived.
The Gaceta contains the royal ordonnance for the
levy of 25,000 men, on the contingent of the year
1849. The greater part of these troops will repair to
Catalonia about April next.
The following letter from St. Petersburgb has been
extensively circulated :—" Queen CHRISTINA and
NARVAEZ, wishing to profit by the general agitation
of the public mind in Europe, had sent an agent
here, hoping to get the Government of ISABELLA re-
cognised by the EMPEROR. Not only has the recog-
nition not taken place, but neither the EMPEROR nor
M. DE NESSELRODE would receive the Envoy, who has
quitted St. Petersburgh."
MADRID BOLSA, DEC. 6.—Three per Cents., 20 ;
Five per Cents., 91. Exchange on London, 48 50.

GERMANY
AND

THE NORTHERN STATES

AUSTRIA.

Intelligence from Vienna of the 7th instant has
been received, Notwithstanding all the boastings of
the military Absolutists of Austria, notwithstanding
all the wilful misrepresentations of the reactionary
press in England and in France, it is evident that
neither WINDISCHGRATZ nor JELLACHICH relish the
idea of the Hungarian campaign. The fact is the
Magyars have everywhere conquered their opponents.
JELLACHICH invaded Hungary at the head of his
horde of Croats. He declares that he took several
cities and won a series of victories ; if this be true he
must subsequently have evacuated all those cities,
and suffered a series of defeats, for not a single Bar-
barian Croat pollutes the soil of Hungary, and JEL-
LACHICH himself is and has been for the last two
months, with the exception of his recent journey to
011mutz, at Vienna. Hungary was to be invaded by
SIMMONICH from Gallicia. SIMMONICH too, accord-
ing to the reactionary press, won a series of brilliant
victories, but one fine morning he found himself and
his whole army in Moravia, and since that period he
has not yet faced the Magyars. A month since we
were told that WINDISCHGRATZ, JELLACHICH, and
Stnimoracis were advancing simultaneously into
Hungary from different quarters, and that before
Christmas, 1848, the Magyars would be destroyed.
The Magyars, however, still continue in possession of
their country, and of all the frontier towns which it
contains, and the advices of the 7th from Vienna,
which have been just received, state that the Hun-
garian campaign is to be postponed until all the
troops have taken the oath of allegiance to the new
EMPEROR. The fact is WINDISCHGRATZ dreads a
winter campaign in Hungary.
On the 6th there was a distribution of medals at
Schonnbrunn to those soldiers who had distinguished
themselves during the siege of Vienna. The medals
were of gold and silver. Money also was distributed
to the troops. WINDISCHGRATZ, JELLACHICH, and
the staff were present, and salvoes of artillery were
fired while the distribution took place. This distri-
bution of medals to the troops for such a service
proves that the Absolutists regard the people as ene-
mies and rejoice in their destruction. Instead of con-
sidering the slaughter of their fellow-countrymen as a
painful event to be mourned, they consider it as a
grand victory to be rejoiced over. It may be replied
that the Viennese were guilty and deserved punish-
ment ; but so is the miscreant who is executed for the
commission of a cold. blooded murder deserving of
punishment; yet we do not present a gold medal
to the hangman, neither do we salute him with sal-
voes of artillery.
The house of ROTHSCHILD has, it is said, advanced
100,0001. for the use of the army.
On the sth the EMPEROR received at 011muts the
staff and officers of the garrison. He also received a
deputation of the University, and promised that he
would protect the sciences and the arts.
The EMPEROR replied thus to a deputation of the
Diet :—" Gentlemen—Present me speedily the pro-
ject of a constitution, that my people expect with
impatience, in order that I may examine and approve
of it."

The young Prince MILOSCH OBRENOWICH and
General STRADlNAurwicir arrived in 011inutz on the
4th instant.

The EMPEROR was to preside for the first time in
the Council of State on the 6th. Neither the EM-
PEROR nor the Council were expected to leave im-
mediately tor Vienna. The Diet of Moravia was to
present an address on the 6th

Prince LOBKOWITZ, Count MORITZ DIETRICHSTEIN,
and Count AUERSPEZG have all been disrnist,ed by the
EMPEROR.

Orders have been issued to all the journals, com-
manding them not to speak of the present state of the
army, and the changes that may be effected in it, or
respecting its movements. Severe penalties are
threatened in case of disobedience. The fact is the
army has not been paid, and the promises of payment
made to them have been so repeatedly broken, that
the soldiers are disaffected, and would have no great
objection to join KOSSUTH, if he could guarantee to
them the regular receipt of their pay.
The Al enteine Zeitung, speaking of the Emperor
FRANCIS J OSEPH, say s

" The young Emperor has had the advantage of a
very careful education, and he has carefully studied
several of the sciences. His talent for languages is very
great, and his style highly cultivated. He is very fond
of mi'itary science, and is acquainted with its most
minute details. He has been present at several of the
engagements which have taken place in Italy during the
late campaign. Great pains have been taken to make
him early acquainted with various modes of life. A
very favourable impression has been produced by bis
styling himself Francis Joseph—the name of Joseph is
inexpressibly dear to the Austrians, and by this stroke,
whether intentionally or not, he has gained much popu-
larity. Two years ago the young Monarch was for soma
time in England, whence he returned full of enthusiasm
lot. the British Parliament."

PRUSSIA.

Advices from Berlin to the 9th have been received

On the representation of the police authorities,
General WRANGEL has rescinded his order directing
the fair of Christmas-eve to be held on the Donhof-
platz, and given permission for it to be held in the
usual locality, the Schloss-platz and its vicinity. If,
however, there is the least disturbance of public order,
he reserves the power of closing the fair altogether.
The General has also given power to the local com-
mittees for the relief of the poor of Berlin to hold their
meetings.
The congress of the representatives of all the
Burgher Guards of Prussia will be held on the 15th,
at Breslau, instead of Berlin, as had been originally
intended.

Deputations from various municipalities, with ad-
dresses of thanks for the grant of a constitution, have
been received by the KING at Potsdam.
The 31st of this month, the last day of the year, is
fixed for closing the receipts on account of the volun-
tary loan ; all contributions to it now must be in
coin—bullion and plate are no longer received. The
Minister of Finance also thanks those who have
offered sums of money for the service of the Treasury
to prevent any inconvenience from the withholding
of taxes by those who have acted on the resolution of
the late Assembly, but declines the offers, as the
Treasury is not in a condition to resort to such means
of supplying its necessities. The refusal is not made
because the Exchequer is full, but because it cannot
venture to contract new and indefinite obligations ;
such loans would be a kind of debt of honour, repay-
payable on demand.

ITALY.

The Tempo of Naples contains the following letter
of the POPE to Cardinal PATRIZI :
" If there was erer need to address God with fervent
prayers, it is at this moment. Sins, blasphemies, sacri-
legious acts of all kinds, and contempt of the most holy
things, force us to have recourse to the Divine mercy.
Cause, therefore, Mgr. Cardinal, prayers to be offered up
—for prayers are always good—prayers for us, poor pil-
grim, now become a cause of dispute. To that end we
give you full powers. Receive from us our apostolic
benediction, which I give with eyes bathed in tears to
you, to all good men, and in pal Ocular to all who pray
for me.
" Nov. 24, 1848." "Pius IX.

The same journal contains a proclamation to the
soldiers, from which it appears that part of them are
accused of acts of violence, which are severely repre-
hended in the said document.

The Opinione of 'Turin, of the 7th, states from
Brescia, 4th instant, that the municipality of that
town had resigned on account of the tyranny of the
military authorities. At Turin the Ministerial crisis
has not yet subsided.
Letters from Rome of the 4th say, that on the
receipt of the protest of the POPE, with the nomina-
tion of a commission to carry on the Government, the
Ministry immediately summoned the Chamber of De-
puties to an extraordinary sitting.
This sitting commenced at midnight. After a very
long discussion it was decided that the rescript should
be disregarded, the principal reason given for that
decision being that it had not been signed by any
responsible Minister, and that nothing proved that
while the POPE was in a foreign country he had acted
of his own free-will.

The Assembly also decided that a deputation, com-
posed of Members of the two Chambers, should be
sent to his Holiness, praying him to return to
Rome, where he would 1:le "treated with the greatest
respect. _

The Chamber has drawn up two proclamations, one
addressed to the Roman people, and the other to the
Civic Guard, in which they explain the late proceed
ings, and recommend the people to maintain order
and obey the law.
_

The Alba of the sth says, the Royal Family re-
turned to Naples on the 30th ult. The POPE has
decided to remain at Gaeta, at least for the present.

MARYLEBONE THEATRE.

The amusing opera comique the Pet of the Petticoats,
which was prcduced some twenty years since at Sadler's
Wells, was revived at this theatre last evening, butminus
the greater portion of the music. The Pet of the Petti-

coati, though necessarily shorn of much of its music at
the Marylebone Theatre, whose resources are not mu-
sical, yet contains sufficient to prove its admirable fac-
tare and appropriateness to the whim of the drama.
Mrs. Fitzwilliam fills her original character of Paul, and
sings, if not with all the freshness of her "early prime,"
tastefully and agreeably, and Buckstone, as the " dancing
master," kept the house in continual merriment. The
opera is admirably mounted.

WEST RIDING ELECTlON.—Yesterday a meeting
of gentlemen from the Lancashire towns was held at No.
5, Newell's buildings, Manchester, for the purpose of
forwarding the election of Sir Culling Eardley, Bart.
Mr. G. Wilson was in the chair, and many :zealous and
influential gentlemen were present. The Manchester
Times, in a second edition, says—" Amongst those pre-
sent were Mr. Henry, M.P.; Mr. Bright, M.P.; Mr.
Kershaw, M.P.; Mr. H. Ashworth, Mr. James , Watts,
Mr. John Platt, of Oldham; Mr. James Thompson, Mr.
S. Lees, Mr. W. Morris, Mr. Syddall, Mr. Dean, of
Bolton; Mr. Cullen, of Bolton; Mr. D. Whitehead, of
Rawtenstall; Mr. N. Buckley, of Ashton; Mr. James
Veevers, Mr. R. Milner, Mr. J. E. Royle, &c. The
utmost good feeling prevailed, and a liberal subscription
was entered into for the purpose of defraying such legal
expenses as may be unavoidable, in order to secure the
attendance of the Lancashire voters. The reports from
every part of the county were most favourable, and we
have no doubt there will be very cordial support rendered
to Sir Culling Eardley by the Liberals of this county."
CITY COMMISSIONERS OF SEWERS.—At a Court
held yesterday in the Guildhall, Mr. Deputy Peacock
in the chair, the report upon the Gas Bill, about to be
introduced into Parliament was brought up. It recom-
mended that the Bill be adopted. Mr. Alderman Law-
rence opposed the project of turning the Corporation
into large gas manufacturers, and insisted that mono-
poly might be prevented by admitting other companies.
Mr. Kemp denied that that would supply any permanent
security against the imposition. Mr. Stacy said the
Court did not contemplate the manufacture of gas by
the Corporation, but, armed with the powers which the
Bill would give them, they would be possessed of the
best means of checking all gas monopolies. Mr. Har-
rison considered that all that was wanted was the power
to purchase the pipes and mains ; ke moved an amend-
ment, which Mr. Dixon seconded, excluding the power
to purchase gasworks or erect works. The Remem-
brancer, being appealed to,' expressed an opinion that
Patliament would not sanction a Bill of so limited a
nature, upon the ground of the injustice of thus deal-
ing with a company established at a great expense.
After much discussion, in which the example of Man-
chester and Liverpool was cited in support of the appli-
cation recommended by the report, the amendment was
negatived by 10 voices against 7, and the report was
received. The Bill will be prepared and submitted to
Parliament without being referred to the Court of Com-
mon Council. Before the Commissioners adjourned,
Mr. Simon, the City Officer of Health, reported that
the epidemic was rather on the decline for the last
week, and that he had heard of no case of cholera in
the City. .
THE LATE MURDER OF A WOMAN BY HER DAUGH.
TER.—Additional circumstances connected with this case
have come out before the coroner, which tend to confirm
the guilt of the prisoner. Richard Evan, a police officer,
on going to the house, found everything in confusion,'
the prisoner's bed had not been slept in during the
night, and there were- remains of burnt rags, and
marks of blood on a towel; a pillow-case was marked
with oil and blood, and so also was the prisoner's
night dress. The prisoner was tipsy. Mr. Newell, the
surgeon (mayor of Bridgnorth), had known the deceased
four or five years. Some time back he was called in to
attend her, when he found her so dreadfully beaten
that large pieces of flesh were cut out of her arms, and
on expostulating with the prisoner, she replied, she
" was sorry she had not finished her." He had with Mr.
Colley made a second post mortem examination of the
body, and was of opinion that the cause of death was
congestion of the lungs and brain, arising from suffoca.
tion, and that the burns took place atter death. Mr.
Colley and Mr. Thursfield, surgeons, who assisted at the
examination of the body, were of the same opinion.
William Cafield had gone to the house of Mr.
Dyers after he had seen the body of the deceased.
The .prisoner called him to her, she pulled him by
the frock, and, taking him round the neck, said,
" Is she dead ?" On his replying, yes, she kissed him, and
said, "lam as happy as if I was in heaven." She was
not sober. Edward Edwards, brother to the ch
said she was seventy-two years old. She was entitled,
under her father's will, to the interest of 5004 of which,
at her decease, 2001. were to be paid over to the prisoner,
who was also to enjoy the interest on the remaining
3001. for life. The prisoner had on one
.9ccasion said
to him, " The old bitch had kept her out of the money
till her hair was gray, and she should like to see her cut
into four quarters." It having been intimated to the
coroner that some very important evidence would be
brought forward at the next inquiry, the court was ad-
journed.
MONEY MARKET.—The preniium on gold at Paris

s 19i per mille, which, at the English Mint price of
3Z 17s. 10d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an ex•
change of 25.64; and the exchange at Paris on London
at short being 25.471, it follows that gold is 0.65 per cent.
dearer in Paris than in London. By the last advices from
Hamburgh the price of gold is 437 per mark, which, at
the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 10id. per ounce for
standard gold, gives an exchange of 13.11; and the
exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13.11,
it follows that gold is the same price both in Hamburgh
and London.
ISLE OF MAN.—COLLISION AT SEA.- Yesterday
morning (Friday) the galliot, Jane of Whitehaven,
Jenkinson, master, put into Ramsey harbour, disabled,
with yards carried away, and about three feet of water
in the hold, and taking in rapidly. About three o'clock
A.M., when about fifteen miles of Maughold Head, she
came in concussion with another galliot, as both vessels
were on opposite tacks, the wind being S.S.E., and thus
became disabled, and received some injury on the lar-
board bow, a little below water mark, with the chain
bolts of the mizenmast of the other vessel. She then
tacked to follow the vessel, but she had gone too great a
distance at the time, so she made for Ramsey. The
crew suppose that the galliot was the Barrow of White-
haven, Moffat, master; both vessels left that port at ten
P.M. on Thursday, and were coal laden for Kingstown.
It is
,not known what has become of the Barrow; the
Jane saw a vessel towards the east, but could not discern
her correctly, and a smack-having arrived at Ramsey
reports that she saw a schooner with a mast carried
away making for Whitehaven.—Douglas Paper.
SOUTH LANCASHIRE ASSIZES: LIVERPOOL, TUES-
DAY.—The trial of the Repealers was proceeded with to-
day. The evidence related chiefly to the pikes, cutlasses,
and other weapons found in possession of the prisoners.
Messrs. Segar, James, Dearsley, Pollock, and Atkinson
addressed the Court on behalf of the prisoners; and the
witnesses for the defence were under examination when
our report was dispatched. The grand jury returned a
true bill for the murder of the policeman, James Bright,
at Ashton-under-Lyne, against Joseph Ratcliffe, Joseph
Constantine, Thomas Kenworthy, Jonathan Walker,
James Stott, Thomas Tarsiker, James Milligan, John
Napoleon Sefton, Benjamin Backhouse, ildward West,
Jonathan Scholfield, John Bardsley, John Seddon, and
James Whitehead. The Attorney-General stated that
ib was his intention to proceed against Ratcliff, Constan-
tine, and Tarsiker only, for the murder. Uinta the issue
of that trial he should not be prepared to say what
course would be pursued with regard to the other pri-
soners. The trial is fixed for Thursday.
THE VICAR OF ST. MARTIN-IN-THE-FIELDS
deputation from Great Yarmouth, consisting of Mr.
Thomas Brightwen, Mr. Charles John Palmer, and Mr.
C. Lockhart Robertson, M.D., waited, on Monday, the
11th inst., on the Rev. the Vicar of St. Martin-in-the-
Fields, and presented him with a testimonial of plate,
bearing the following inscription :—" To the Rev.
Henry Mackenzie, A.M., from some friends in Great
Yarmouth, in grateful acknowledgment of his arduous,
disinterested, and truly Christian services while minister
of that parish, 1848." The Rev. the Vicar entertained
the deputation at dinner in the evening.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS
CI 7Y, QUARTER TO THREE.
The Cotton Market at Liverpool yesterday was rather
quieter. Sales 5,000 to 6,000 bales.—Railway Shares
were steady generally.
?ho letters from the United States by the steamer
are of a satisfactory tenour generally. It is
that the report of' the Secretary of the Treasury Ie
cents a more favourable view of the finances l
Government than has teen generally anticipated, eveni
the face of additional expenditures. It appears that et
the year, cnding June 30, 1849, appropriations amousrd
ing to 10,287,335 dollars are required. Nothing is salt
about any reduction in the other estimates made 01',
previous to the close of the Mexican war ; but D
that we have peace, and the expenditures of the Govern'
'tient are reduced to the peace standard, the appr°Prbie,
dons required for the army and the navy are much
yond what will actually be wanted. There will be
duction, in these two items alone, of more than
millions of dollars, an amount equal to the deficiencyper7d
including in the expenditures the 10,267,335 dollars nab
so,;
above. The deficit for the fiscal year ending June,
1848, has already been provided for by the loan a Oa
June, and the expenditures of the current year will anti.
exceed the revenue from ordinary sources, it being °
mated at 35,100,000 dollars, and the probability at P re,
sent is that it will be fully realised. A party wzitig
New York stateste—
rs
" The importations thus far, this season, Pi!co
been unusually large, and it is the impress
that they will be heavy in the spring. The Centinepor
Markets for British manufactures have been much of
duced by the revolutions, and we have no doubt °Ol
markets will be crowded full, they being 613%0
the only places where anything like cost 004
realized. It is, therefore, highly probable :10
the most liberal estimate of revenue 'Hal*
customs this year, will be realized, giving the Secret
iis.
of the Treasury an opportunity to exhibit a very os,i,
factory state of the public finances at the close of his "-
ministration."
thsl
The Canadian accounts of the latest date state
flour was dull at 255. to 255. 6d. per cwt. The exell,„l4:
on London was 9i to 10f per cent. premium. ur
trading affairs, a Quebec merchant thus advises us roe
" Our fall fleet has been unusually small, and red
transactions of the last fortnight have been so fir
for actual shipment that the prices may be consitil
mostly nominal. With this issue our Circular' oil
cease, but on the final close of our navigation, we
review the market of the past year ; meanwhile, :vs
merely refer to the comparative statement from
Supervisor's office, and the number of arrivals from sell
Comparative statement of arrivals and tonnage Ist r.
port, in the year 1847-8, up to the 16th November

1847
1848

... 1,179 vessels. ... 474,545 ton&
... 1,044 „ ... 42,698 ~

Less this year... 135 „ ... 47,577 ~
There are late accounts, to August 10, from 5.P7,-0:
New South Wales. The prospects of the trading °op
munity were more promising, The stocks of P„itof
having become reduced a fair sale existed for iralrib
and prices had an upward tendency. The wants o'„ble
settlers in the interior would soon take off a consider:ort.
quantity of manufactures and other articles of jak-
The elections for members of the Legislature e
much attention. urge
The Funds are very buoyant again. The "melt
majority in favour of Louis Napoleon, ed
seems to set his election at rest, is better Poo
than au amount of votes which would leave teil
matter in uncertainty, and a strong Ministry is exPecse
to be the result. What may be the ultimate COrl
quences, however, we find scarcely any one able or 1;i
enough to predict. The value of Consols has been re
to for Transfer, and 38 to for Account, but the Pore
sent values are 874 g, and 88 to Exchequer=los
395. to 425. premium. Bank Stock is at 189 to 191cted•
The Foreign Securities have been very well supeoi
Spanish Five per Cents. are 12k; Mexican Stock Ia
„ail
to 224. Portuguese Four per Cents. are 24k. n
Two-and-a-Mail per Cents. are 48k.
Railway Shares haVe been in steady demand, all
higher prices.

.410
ONE 00-45.
PO 51
eLilub.l- ~I, ,- ulTitol vIINDS. o'cLOCK. 86i1
3 rer Cent. Reduced A,lns 863/4%
„, 81A
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities...BBl4 87% 88% 87N $6,
New 314 per Cent. Aren5....... 871,E 8656 87% She
imrig /um s. to expire Jan:lB6o -16 38P
India Bond 4, 1,000/. ....... ......
Ditto under 1,0001.. ..
90
South Sea Stock
Consols for Account BBl% 88
Exchequer Bills. 24d. & 2d. 39?
1,0001. March ... 4l 42 39 p 41P
5001. March.... 42 p -37 P
5001. June
Small, March .. 39 42 p
ta.ise
0
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. oyt FBI-
O'CLOCK. .
Brazilian Bonds ... 73:14 73
J
._ 2
,

Equador Bonds
Grenada Boads, 1 per Cent. — 2?
Ditto, Deferred —22 A
L'exlcan, 5 per Cent. 1846 22%3/4g 221 A
Ditto, Account 22.V, ...--
Portuguese 5 per Cents. 2l
Ditto, 4 per Cent. 24% jOl
Russian Bonds .... — -

Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
Ditto, Account
Ditto, 3 per Cent 25/,4
Venezuela Bonds, 21/4 per Cent... 15 15
Dividends on the above payable in London. 45'1 Dutch 2% per Cent., 12 Guild. ... 481
75 Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certificates 73
ts,4
PRICES OF OF PAID. AT
DOIQE C- rO
A RLWAY SHARES. P--"" AT ONE O'CLOCK. f
Aberdeen
Amber. Nott., Boston,
and Eastern Junction 41,4
Ayrshire and Galloway.. 7%
Belfast tic County Down 19
Birmingham and Ox-
ford Juliet., calls duly
paid, or with a guaran. 20
Do, withoutguarantee 20 .
Wolverh'ton,
and Dudley, calls duly
pd, or with guarantee 10
Do. without guarantee 10
Birming.,Wolverh'pton,
and Stour Valley 131. 145...
Birkenhead, Lancashir

Ire /
and Cheshire June...~
..
Boston, Stamfd & Birm. 5 ....
Bristol and Exeter 9O
... .. 54
Ditto, Thirds ... ...... 27% —
Buckinghamshire... 141. 4s. ... 19?

l•••
Caledonian
Ditto, Half Shares .. 83/4 ......
Do. New 101. Pref..... 5 ... ..
Ditto,Clydesdale June 50
Chester and Holyhead,

50
Ditto, Preference l5
Clarence
Do. Ist Class, 6 per Ct. 10
Do. 2d Class, 5 per Ct. 10
Do. Government Loan,
4 per Cent.
Direct London & Ports-
mouth
Dublin and Belfast Junc. 35
Dundalk & Enniskillen 20
east Anglia, 251., L &
E. and L. and D...... 25 ......
Do., 18/., E. & ... 18 ......
D0., 31.10 x.
Eastern CouBties...
Do. New Guaranteed

/

6 per Cent........... 10
Ditto, Extension, 5 per
Cent., No. 1 61.135. 4d....
Ditto ditto, No. 2 61. 13s. 4d... _
Do. North. & Eastern 50
Do., 5 per cent.
1)o. Quarters ..- 12% ..... .
Do. New
Eastern Union, Class A
(late E. U. Shares) 25
Ditto, Class B (L &
and B.) 2O
Ditto, Class C, ditto... '2O
Do. Scrip (6 percent.) 10 ._
Ditto, ditto
••••••....
Ditto (C. & • ...

~. ..

.) guar.

J.
5 per cent...—. ...... 2% —
East Lancashire ......... 25
Ditto, New
Ditto, New Quarters 614
Do., 6 per Cent. Pre-
ference Quarters ... 6LA ......
East Lincolnshire ...... 25
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 ......
Ditto, Half Shares ... 20 ..
..
Edinburgh andNorthera 25 —
Ditto, Newport l5 .. ... ...... .........
Exeter,Yeovil, & Dorch 25
a
Glasgow, Dumfries, and /
Carlisle
Glasgow,Kilmar ,& Ayr 50 .....
Do. Preference ConsoL - . ....... , ••• °
Great Northern
Do., !7.2 A Deferred ... 124...... 4 ....
Do., 1/2 B 6 per Cent. '3'
guaranteed ... ..... 61,E .
Do. Extension 2 j......
;mat South. and West. /

Ireland)
ieat North of England 100 ..„..
Ditto, Now, 40! 4O
Ditto, ditto
Ditto, New, 301 3O
Ditto, New, 15/ l4 .. .. .......... ..... :, • 711
03
Great Western
Ditto, 14 Shares
Ditto,
.0 Shares
Ditto, Fifths ... 20
Ditto, New 171........ 18 ...
..
.... ..... /
Huddersfield and Manch. 30
Ditto, Thirds
Hull and Selby ..
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, IA Shares - •-•'
Lancaster and Carlisle 5O
...............
Ditto, Thirds
Lancashire & Yorkshire 93 ...., ...............
Ditto, ditto
Ditto, % ... . .
Shares
...... ••••• •
Do. Quarter Shares l7t ..t, . .. _
Do. Fifths.— ........
.
Do. Sixteenths..
..
.. 614 ............ ..
Do. Thirds (Reg.)..... 13 ..... 414 ...... ..... -.. Do. New, Gua. 6 per ct. 5
Do. Liverp. and Bury 43
Ditto 1,,f (late Hud-
dersfield and Shelf.) 43
Do.(Wakefield,Ponte-
— ............. tract, and Goole)
... 50
Do. (W. Riding Union) 7 ..
.. ••• -". ....... Do. (Preston & Wyre) 25
.....
Do. .1/,, Shares (A)... 91,x - ••• ....... ...
.eeds and Bradford 5O
,eeds, Dewsbury, Ice. ... 50
............. .•
Do., Half Shares 25 ...... ..... " ... • •
...... •
Do., (blue) Scrip 2%... .. ..........
Leeds and Thirsk
••• ..... . .....
....... Ditto, New
......
Do., Prefer., 6 per Ct. 31%
Liverpool, Crosby and
.........
Southport . 342 —.. ....

',4

I;{d

,-., „
94 ,/