The Sun.
London, England, 1848-05-09 00:00:00

tt Tessary. The Honourable Member for West Surrey
had asked what possible connexion there could be be-
tween typhus and crime. He replied that the state of
things in the dwellings of the working classes was such
that fever and disease were engendered—the labouring
man was thereby rendered unable to pursue his honest
avocations. Distress and want came, and was followed
by theft and crime as the only means of subsistence.
This was shown in the report of Dr. Neil Arnott to be
the case in Glasgow, and here he must remark that he
regretted Scotland was not included in the provisions of
the Bill.
The LORD ADVOCATE—There will be a separate
Bill for Scotland.
Lord ASHLEY rejoiced to hear that announcement.
The connexion between disease and crime was shown in
the communications of Dr. Niel Arnott at Glasgow, by
the reports of Mr. Francis Cooper, the surgeon of South-
ampton, and by those of the Rev. Mr. Clay, the chaplain
of the Preston House of Correction, to all of which he
invited the attention of the Hon. Member (Mr. Drum-
mond). Again he (Lord Ashley), from the examination
he had personally made, had not the slightest doubt
that far more than one-half of the habits of intoxication
which disgrace large towns arose from the sani-
tary condition in which the people were at prtfent
compelled to live, and further, he would join his Noble
Friend the Member for Plymouth (Lord Ebrington) in
saying that all attempts at the education of the people
were vain so long as they were left in their present
sanitary condition. He (Lord Ashley) could add, in
reference to the ragged schools, that the children, in
returning to their miserable homes, unlearnt in one hour
more than it had taken weeks to teach them. He trusted
the House would allow the Bill to go into Committee,
tmaking what amendments they thought proper, thereby
aking one great step towards placing these poor people
the proper level of hunsanity.—(Chec"')
(7Mr. hIUNTZ did not oppose the Bill going into
111taittee; he was quite aware that something needed
"`hg; but there were many improvements which he
should like to see in the Bill. He doubted whether any
sanitary measure would etlect so much as the Noble
Bile Lord who had last spoken was so sanguine as to expect
/1.3?,°1 it. Centralisation was the great objection to this
if other places had not,
. Id. The large towns had their local governments; and
the corporate towns
hay this
Let the Bill why should
c vast additional machinery thrust upon them?
rat
been give the right of electing inspectors to the
best •payers, who must bear the charge ; otherwise the
most efficient men would refuse to act, as had
as the case in the board of guardians at Birmingham.
jSI"Y People expected too much from such a measure as
this
years if the pointers would never live to above 40
resided in the healthful place in the
of humanculitine_ re were other mades little less destructivea
Ile believed the medical officers had
great iaterest in over-statints the case, in order to prove
a necessit f
the Yor their own employment. The salaries of
se officers
doubted
local hotly w . were to be fixed by Government. What
whetoLtud
? He
submit to such dictation as this . -
Proved as t "et the present measure could be soiin
the least t o render •
rouble the nation ; perhaps
it acceptable to
would bait and introduce
a new Bill. • to withdraw
Mr
• •J. STEWART said that before the House went
into Committee the
understand the
prieeipies by
which the
-t
was to be guided.
;fel?.
jeigpnrinciples of centralisation for instance, so far from
e
tbol
B_, ecessary to this Bill, would ruin any measure
introduceu"Ject; and he hoped that the Noble Lord who had
d Bill
the would be led to entertain this view.
It Was
most objectionable that any three men in London
should be investedoverrule all the local
autho • • • with power to .
the
ruled in the kingdom. The power given to
Priv
y Council of repealing Local Acts relating to drain-
age was also highly objeetionable. These were the two
pouts which prevented the House going into Commit
e on the Billand it therefore,too much for the
Nob] ;
bthse Lord (Morpeth) to charge those who insisted on
ese
),points with an intention to obstruct the public
"asiness• He (Mr. Stewart) should think it most
unfair to be called an opponent of the Public
health Bill ; early in the session, be had made
en offer to the Noble Lord who conducted the Bill
to discuss its provisions in private ; and some inter-
Views had taken place, but they had split on the two
Points he had alluded to. He believed Mr. Chadwick to
be an industrious and meritorious individual ; and much
turned on the degree of credence to be attached to
his evidence. He had collected evidence on eleven points,
all directed to the expediency of a central authority, and
the inefficiency of local authority. One question asked
aswas, how far there were individuals in any town in
sareat Britain fit to be entrusted with sanitary work, or
'with imposing and collecting tes •ra , and the answers were
Riven in a report of the sub-committee of the Health of
Towns Association.
Viscount MORPETH— I think I ought to say that,
to the best of my belief, Mr. Chadwick has had no con-
cern whatever with that publication.
Lord would find
Mr. STEWART believed the Noble
be was a little mistaken in that matter ; for he had re-
ceived the pamphlet
in had
from a Government officer, who
sent it to him to convince him of his error opposing
centralisation.
. • The answers to those question in 49
towns out of 50 were " None"—in effect, that in those
towns, even in the City of London itself, there was not
a single individual fit to be entrusted with sanitary work,
or with the imposing and collecting of rates for the
purpose.—(Laughter.) This was too absurd for argu-
ment. It could not be supposed that the people of
England would ever submit to the extraordinary
powers proposed to be given to the central board and to
the Privy Council. All private Acts were to be placed
at the mercy of this board, and commissioners, he un-
derstood, had already been appointed to make inquiry
as to the operation of these Acts. He approved of such
inquiry, but decidedly objected to the centralisation to
which it was proposed to lead. Let Government con-
sent to modify the objectionable centralisation clauses,
and the House would go into Committee forthwith.
The Hon. Member for Oxfordshire (Mr. Henley) had
Very properly suggested that the Bill should be modelled
on the Inclosure Act of 184.5 ; and against this no argu-
/tent whatever had beers offered. Unless some such
Modification were consented to, it would be impossible
for the Bill to get through Committee in six months.—
(Laughter.) The Noble Lord the Member for Falkirk
(Lord , Lincoln), who was thoroughly master of the
subject, had given notice of an amendment by the
Omission of the fourth and fifth clauses ; and
This would in a great measure destroy the centralis-
'ing Powers, for the rest of the Bill would then become
almost
nugatory. He hoped the Government would
not be greedy of patronage, but would consent to the
w powers being exercised by some existing authority.
.4 the Bill stood, the central board, and the host of in-
°Teeters and sub-inspectors throughout the country,
Would be appointed by the Government; this had created
rit strong feelin _
g of repugnauce amongst the local autho-
bities of every town in the kingdom, who were de-
,..talacing the Government for having contrived, out of
V..aelrish famine, to create 10,000 pieces of patronage—
il Noble Lord the Member for Lynn (Lord G. Ben•
This)aak declared the number was 16,000.—(Laughter.)
TBill created an immense amount of patronage, to
nexereised, if not by the Government directly, by
b:e Who had imposed on them by their representations.
tiuttiv3iew which he entertained was this, that a sufficient
their of
respectable persons would be found in all
9,tit arge towns who would be willing to adopt ade-
ushaZilitcoasures for the preservation of the health of the
tral boards. H
not
e would not object to a temporary cen-
Should to see the measure set in motion, but they
your ot
fa supersede the local authorities. He was in
they
went a Proper measure,they but should know before
; as •.
g°lng nto ssommittee on what principle they were
same coo proceed, otherwise they would fall into the
',","a f that they did last year.—(Hear, hear.)
e_k,-.,eptnin PECLIELL admitted that the Government
!_cltt'v.oured as far as they could to meet the views of
„,,es Objectors to the measure. He admitted also that a
-lie sere of this
eaatrali • kind was necessary, but the principle of
i, . sation which was enforced in the Bill rendered
b'et_ltrifte obnoxious to the people of the country.—(Hear,
t„,, )0 He thought they should be careful before they
121‘;''.' out of the hands of the people the administration
their local affairs. He would, however, vote for
going into Committee but only ith a view of aring.
1! the Noble Lord the Member for Bath said, thep talons
Of this formidable tiger.—(Laughter In Committee
Ile Would resist all attempts to plac )the local boards
tinder the authority cf the central commission.—(Hear.)
Mr. W. MILES thought that the Government were
giving to the central board more authority than was
necessary to carry out the Bill. lie considered the
present Bill to be a great improvement on the measure
of last year, and he would be prepared to vote for going
into Committee, if the Noble Lord opposite adopted
the reasonable suggestion of the Hon. Member for Ox-
fordshire. He thought the Government were wrong in
not including the metropolis in the Bill, because all the
facts showed that the mortality in the metropolis was
far greater than in other parts of the country, and, con-
s_sequently, stood in greater need of such a measure. He
ped some Member of the Government would give an
explanation of the construction of the central board of
commissioners, and • his judgment ,in the meantime he would suspend
sir., as to the measure.
supersede all' DEGATE said that the Bill would entirely
. . local boardsand •
be very in that respect would
it
objectionable ',
went seemed to have' The object which the Govern-
of the powers of the 1;1 view was to centralise the whole
powers in the hands Pofejtencial towns, and to place those
board. That body was
tho
have of the central
local officers to any the. power of appointing
extent
(Divide.) He hoped,
hovvwhich might be deemed
(Morpeth) would not seek toeter, that the Noble Lord
for under the Bill to the disad
evxercise the powers sought
--(Divide.) He hoped for unman of the local boards.
"comment that such extraordina°r assurance from the Go-
forred by the Bill would not be aYec powers as were con-
Mr. WYLD, amidst great confTed bY
them.
" Divide," was understood to aay thiaoto, and cries of--
approved of the Bill in so far as the c his constituents
c.fticulated to counteract local jobbin
aentral board was
he entirely concurred. The large
cts nd in their view
were favourable to the measure as a whole of the people
were parts of it which were objectionable.; though there
The 11 ; Ra ery was then about to be cleared for
•
5,0 n, when a divi-
u Mr. URQUHART withdrew his amendment—where
p,ornhethe house went into Committee on the Bill. .
preamble
Posed, was postponed. Clause 1 being pro-
Mr. BANKES objected to the exclusion of London
from the provisions of the Bill. The metropolis con-
'lined gas unaes.works, chemical works, and other manufac-
biL
regulations
noxious vapours, which rendered sani-
-1;4 I,,gitlationS snore necessary than in any other
I 0
farther
the kingdons.—(Hear, hear.) He need not
truth than thecollege
garden to prove the
he 1 °f his assertion I •
a( „aster
wls
.11 • la Westminster School the
attacked
; the Dean'l ; several of the scholars had been
Iv,
iv. , of Westminster was also affected—
ex Ilan such a state of th.
n elude the metroolitan ings was going on,
'the bill Was line of . districts from the operation
stand. apolicy which he • ld
Lou not under-
lie called upon the Noble Lord to produce a

measure intended for the whole nation; or, at all events,
to begin with London, where the necessity for sanitary
regulations was most seriously felt. It was the fact,
without attributing for a moment undue attention on
the part of the Noble Lord to the interests of his con-
stituents, that the interests and wishes of London were
more immediately attended to in that House than those
of any other town in the kingdom. This was not right.
If London was to be excluded on account of the antiquity
of its corporation, there were many other towns in the
kingdom which might put in a similar plea. He moved
that all the words which wont to exclude London and
Westminster from the Bill be omitted.
Lord MORPETH was free to admit that the exclu-
sion of the metropolis was the main detect of the Bill.—
(Hear, hear.) But when it was remembered that there
were a hundred local Acts referring to the metropolis,
it would not he wondered at that it had been found
necessary to exclude it from the present Bill. He also
regretted the exclusion of Ireland and Scotland; but
his belief was that the sanitary condition of both
those countries would be better advanced by separate
measures than by incorporating them in one vast and un-
manageable Bill. The question was whether this mea-
sure was a boon to the districts contemplated or not. If
it was a boon, the exclusion of the metropolis was no
reason for depriving other cities of the advantages in-
tended.—(Hear, hear.) He trusted that he should soon
be able to undertake the case of the metropolis, and lie
congratulated himself with the prospect of having for an
able assistant the Hon. Member for Dorsetshire.
Colonel SIBTHORP objected to the Bill in foto. He
looked upon it as a Government job, concocted for the
purpose of providing places for some of the lean and
hungry followers of the Noble Lord and his colleagues.
However, if the Noble Lord would consent to include the
cities of London and Westminster it would remove one
of his main objections to the Bill.
Lord MORr'ETII said he had already given his
reasons for not includirg London.
Colonel SIBTHORP—Then I am delighted to oppose
you.—(A laugh).
The Marquis of GR AN BYstrongly objected to the exclu-
sion of the metropolitan districts; but further, the Bill
was objectionable on account of the odious and un-
English principle of centralisation which it contained.
Mr. NEWDEGATE said that the Noble Lord had
mentioned the one hundred local Acts of London as a
reason for excluding it from the Bill. He (Mr. Newde-
gate) wished to know how many country local Acts
would this Bill place at the mercy of Government?
Lord MORPETH admitted that there was an immense
number of local Acts scattered over the country. It was
the fact of the 100 local Acts being in a lump that con-
stituted the difficulty in the case of London.
Mr. HUDSON said that every town in England was
opposed to the centralising principle of the Bill. He
had just returned from the ancient city of York,
where the most determined opposition had been re-
solved on. He did not see why all the wisdom of Eng-
lish corporate bodies should be supposed to centre in
the city of London. What they complained of in York
was, that the corporation had no power to insist on
efficient drainage.—(Hear, hear.) He said "Hear, hear"
too. That was a reason for giving the necessary
power to the corporation, but not for centralisation.
The principle of government in this country was that
taxation and representation should go together, and he
and almost all the towns in the country objected to
giving powers to any central body to tax them. He hoped
the Noble Lord would abandon that part of the Bill
which placed the towns under the control of the central
board of London, and he might depend upon it that the
towns would themselves, if the necessary power was given
to them, do all that was required.
Lord J. RUSSELL remarked that nine-tenths of the
Bill was taken up in giving those powers to local bodies
which the Hon. Gentleman wished for. It was true that
one part of the Bill referred to the establishment of a
central board.—(Hear, hear.) But he thought it far
better that the attention of the Committee should be
directed to the question whether the plan proposed by the
Government, or that of the Noble Lord the Member for
Falkirk, should be preferred, rather than to discussing
the question of centralisation, &c.
Mr. BROTHERTON supported the Bill. Tho Hon.
Member. for Sunderland had admitted that the corpora-
tion of York, which had a local Act, had not the power
necessary for ensuring sanitary improvement ; if so, in
what position must those towns be which had no powers
under local Acts ?
After a few words from Mr. Humn and Mr. BANKES,
The Committee divided, when their appeared—
For the retention of the words 240
For the amendment
Mejority
Mr. URQUHART had presented a petition, signed
by all the medical men of Stafford, and a large number
of the inhabitants of the borough, against the Bill, and
he claimed, on:the part of his constituents, the same ex-
ception Government had admitted inthe case of London.
He would move that Stafford be exempted.
Colonel SIBTHORP said that the Hon. Gentleman
claimed an exemption in favour of Stafford ; he for his
part demanded an exemption in favour of Lincoln.
If the House was so anxious about cleaning, let them
set to work and scour the Treasury bench ; they
would find the job dirty to their heart's content.--
(Laughter.) He warmly vindicdted the purity of the
city of Lincoln; he had represented it for more than
twenty years by the unbought suffrages of its inha-
bitants, and he asserted fur it as full a right to be left
to its own cleansing care as the city of London or the
city of Westminster, which the Noble Lord was intimi-
dated into exempting from the operation of his so crude
and mischievous a measure. The whole thing was a
miserable, sneaking, dirty job, got up as a mode of
feeding a pack of poverty-stricken Ministerial depen-
dents, who bad no resource but the pockets of the people.
Viscount INGESTRE had a perfect knowledge of
Stafford, and he might almost say of all its population,
anJ ho could bear his testimony that he knew no place
which, morally or physically, required a more thorough
cleansing.--(Laughter.)
Mr. URQUHART withdrew his amendment.
Clause 1 was then agreed to.
The CHAIRMAN reported progress, and obtained
leave to sit again on Thursday.
The House adjourned at a Quarter to One o'clock.

EPUBLICAN FRANCE.—We observe that a work
by Dr. Millengen is announced for publication, in which
he records his recollections of the first French Revolu
tion. As the Doctor resided in Paris during that period,
under very peculiar circumstances, and lived in the same
house with the Deputies Albittes—the personal friends
and associates of Robespierre—he must have had con-
stant opportunities of making himself acquainted with
the many fearful occurrences of the time, and his per-
sonal acquaintance with the parties must therefore ren-
der his narrative more interesting than those of his-
torians who merely write from hearsay, and are more or
less prejudiced in their opinions. We understand that
Dr. Millengen's account of Robespierre differs widely
from the description given of him by M. Lamartine, iu
his " History of the Girondius."

TULIP Snow.—Mr. Groom's annual display of
ulips commenced yesterday at his establishment at
Claphana•rise. The day being as splendid as a summer
sun could make it, several visitors of distincton accepted
the invitation to the private view, for such it was. The
tulips again exhibited abundant proof of Mr. Groom's
skilful management of these dainty and evanescent pro-
ductions of nature. The bed was filled with the finest
specimens, many of them of the choicest class, and a
perspective glance up the middle of the tent disclosed a
surface of nodding flowers, strangely and capriciously
variegated—a floral ensemble, indeed, of singular rich-
ness and variety. We do not profess to belong to the
tulipomaniacs, and care little for the rarity which is so
much prized, in preference to the graceful combinations
of colour which characterise the common garden species,
but there is a style in the tulip, let it be marked as it
will, which always commands respect. It is the stateliest
and most dignified of flowers, and holds up its head in a
sort of vainglorious stiffness that seems to repel intimacy.
The conditions which are laid down as the credentials
of perfection in the opinion of tulip amateurs are re-
ligiously complied with by Mr. Groom, and we hays the
straight stem, the capacious and well-formed bell, the
broad edge, the well defined and delicately feathered
stripe, and the velvetty cheek, in almost all the cases
submitted for inspection.
ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN.—The
Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albert honoured
the Royal Italian Opera with their presence on Saturday
evening. In attendance on her Majesty and Prince
bLAealrdbi
aye
nr
Ernest
,wr
nteherese t
Duke
BhdEsuerskaeuterxhciee,a Marchioness of Douro, Lady Caroline
Cocks, the Hon. Miss Paget, Lord Byron, Colonel Grey,
Captain Gordon, and Mrs. Ormsby Gore. There were
also present—the Duke and Duchess of Montrose, and
Sidney,e
nAtdihsD CountessDujeu
Countesshol iEohee fsan
Duchess
lutA
looodaffnonEDerd
Jersey
eueacdecynfrho:sdet sndysts ofhietres:
and
JNocdoof
hor
Etn
Lhng
Marquisunati
dmnnsy ds.-
Loito)t:ondwT,
Lady
tgEceNhavrrtilaoe
llfsdah,En,
Clementina Villiers, Viscount Templetown, Viscount
Nevill, Viscount Cantilupe, Viscount Morpeth, Viscount
Exmouth, Viscount Villiers, Lady Caroline Capel and
party, Lord Luscelles, Lord Suffield, Lord and Lady
Carrington and the Hon. Miss Cotton, Lord Uotham,
Lord and Lady Southampton, Lord and Lady Dungar-
von, Lady Ebrington, Lady Joddrell, Lady Parke,
Lady Shelley, Lady Domville, Lady Scott, Lady Mor-
gan, Lady Flint, Miss Burdett Coutts, Lady Beauvale
and Sir John and Lady Campbell, Baron and Baroness
Goldsmid, Hon. J. Fortescue, Hon. B. Lyon, Hon. G.
Milles, Hon. F. Scarlett, Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Upton,
Hon. Mr. Harbord, Hon. Mrs. Murray, Mrs. Boyle,
Hon. Mrs. Charles Stanley, Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer
Ponsonby, Hon. Lady Butler, Sir H. Webb, Sir W.
Freemantle, Sir Robert Cullum, Sir W. Ball, Baron
and Baroness Rothschild, Sir Charles Marshall, Mrs.
Locke, Mrs. Henry Bainsbridge, the Miss Byrnes, the
Miss Temple Bowdiens, the Miss Richards, Mrs.
Charles Mills and the Miss Mills, Major-Gen. P.
Campbell, R.A., Colonel B. Knox, M. 1?., Col. Wingfield,
Col. illane, Major and Mrs. Gage, Capt. Cuddy, Capt.
Lloyd, T. Baring. Esq., M.P„ Mr. Collett, M.P., Mr.
Morris, M.P., H. B. Baring, M.P., Mr. Gregory, M.P.,
H. T. Hope,
DovElt HARBOUR INIPROVEMENTS.—We have it
0,,,ni1l good authority that the deepening of this harbour
eii
nt commenced
no mf understoodet
to be widened.heeeeAdeviery shortly. The entrance is also
right up to the Cross
tides, channel six feet deep at low spring
ia to be cut from the entranceiie
in all weather when the
will be able to enter mouth
of the harbour, our steamers
Wall ; so that with this and t
at all stet of the tide . and almost
the greatest irnprovenaeiY Can
went, as assess render the
old harbour ever under-
epsut to sea. 'This will be
already p inside spacious accommodation we
Journal.
ealliave reason to believe
Ftbat a special reporter
PerfeetlY available.—Canterbury
was dispatched to Ireland by eiday
seditious speeches at then' carious 's mail-boat, to act
subordinately to Mr. I
taking notes of the
in Dublin and elsewhere in theous public meetings held
Journal, proyinees.--Liverpool

THE COLOSSEUM.