The Sun.
London, England, 1848-02-16 00:00:00

Tn r littl .142 L (LES' 00 Ni W ..k,i DSkJ.B 11 A Y y.,, VEN- 1 l4i 09
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_.„36444,_

STRAND THEATRE.
NEW MANAGEMENT,
"Coder the Sole Direction of Mr. Oxberry.
THIS EVENING,
The performances will commence with the Romantic Drama,
called THE .DEISOUNCER ; or, THE SEVEN CLERKS OF
MARSEILLES. Principal characters by Mr. E. Laws (It third
appearance), Messrs. Oxberry, Yarnold,:, Rogerson, Huntley, and
Love.
After which (third time) a New Grand Burlesque Opera, by the
Author of the "Adelphi Norma," called LUCY OF LAMMER-
MOOR. Not with Mr. Bunn's or M. Jullien's, but with Oxberry's
powerful east—lacy, din E. Terry ; Captain Ashton, Mr. Qxterrf ;
and Edgar, Mr. Yaroold.
To be followed by the new Ballet, THE SPRITE OP Tin
VINEYARD, in which Mdlle. Louise Blanche, Miss Jane Coleman,
and Herr Dislogne will appear.
To conclude with ITS MOTHER'S PET.. Albert o& Victoria,
Mips M. A. Egan.
Private Boxes, 10s. Gd. ; Boxes, 25.; Pit, Is. ; Gallery, 4d. Half-
price to Pit and Boxes at a Quarter before Nine.

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.
THIS EVENING,
For the benefit of a Charitable Society.
Will be performed JANE EYRE; or, the Secrets of Therofield
Manor.
After which, the CROSS-BOW LETTER ; or, the Niiller of Wt et-
stone. Master Caleb Goodfellow, Mr. Forman; Kate Carraway,
ai t,s Vincent.
To conclude with, GALE BREEZELY. Gale Breezely, Mr.
N. T. flicks.

THE THIRD EDITIONS

THE SUN"

CONTAIN, AS USUAL,

THE LATEST PARLIAMENTATtY
INTELLIGENCE,

AND

rIIE WEATHER—tinN OFFICE, FEB. 16.
THERX.MiETER, Lowest, 33:; highest, 49 ; Noon, 39.
BAROMETER, 29.87.—W1ND W.N.W.; fine.

WATER AT LONDON-RRIDGE TIII.S DAI.
orninq.. e minutes :after 0. I Evenintt 16 mtnntts :ft., 12

therefore, less likely to be shaken by any future and
untoward events." In testimony of this concord
between the Italian people and their Sovereigns there
have recently been several splendid proofs—not the
least remarkable of which are the ..New Constitution
granted to Savoy by CHARLES ALBERT, and the re-
organization of the Council of State at Rome by that
admirable and extraordinary man whe is now at the
head of the Pontifegal Goverment.

The long expected and anxiously-looked-for Bill
for the improvement of the relations between land-
lord and tenant in Ireland has at length been
brought forward. The Right lion. Baronet the
Chief Secretary for Ireland last night explained the
provisions of the contemplated measure to the
House of Commons. There are, undoubtedly,
many valuable improvements on the pre-
sent system, and if the only option afforded
was, whether we should accept or refuse the measure
as it now stands, we should receive it as a great and
acceptable boon to ail classes in the country. It may,
however, well be doubted whether it sufficiently meets
the admitted and recognised evils, whether it holds out
sufficient encouragement to the occupiers to improve
to the utmost the fertility of their respective holdings,
by the judicious and er ergetic application of their
labour and capital, and affords them that security for
their investments, without which it is futile to expect
that the soil_will be properly cultivated. The machi-
nery by which the Act is to be carried into execution
is rather of too cumbrous and complicated a character,
and may, we fear, occasion litigation between th•
parties, which must be productive of the most
injurious consequences. A more simple mea-
sure, legalising the custom so long recognised
in the north of Ireland, and extending it
throughout the entire country, would, in our
opinion, prove more successful in attaining that
which should be the common object— the amelioration
of the condition of the Irish people, and would at the
same time be more advantageous to the parties more
immediately interested in the question—the proprie-
tors and the occupiers of the land.
In the present Bill a great distinction is drawn
between persons who hold at rents exceeding 101.
per annum, and those who occupy smaller tenements.
With respect to the former class the measure is not
to be retrospective, and no compensation can be
claimed for any improvements heretofore effected,
or unless the preliminaries prescribed by the Act
have been fully complied with. This may lead
to great heartburnings and jealousies. It will
be impossible to convince an uneducated man,
who has effected permenent and valuable improve-
ments on his farm, that he is fairly dealt with, when
he is refused the privilege which he sees extended to
his neighbour. If such a person should be deprived
of his possession, without any return for his improve-
ments, it would give a colour of justice to his com-
plaint, which -.vould exasperate in the highest degree
his own feelings, and procure him the general sym-
pathy of the population in the district in which he
resided. If the principle of compensation for im-
provements be at all admitted, we cannot see any
reason whatsoever why it should be restricted to those
that may hereafter take place, to the exclusion of
such tenants as had sufficient confidence in the honour
and integrity of their landlords to believe that
they would not be deprived of the enjoyment of the
fruits of their industry, hut that they themselves or
their children would be permitted to reap the benefits
thereof, either in the length and security of tenure, or
by a pecuniary recompense in the event of their being
obliged to quit their farms while the improvements
are as yet unexhausted, and the letting value is
increased by reason thereof. We trust that the
Government may review this part of the measure,
and assimilate the provisions for all classes of tenants.
The period of five years, within which improvements
must be effected to entitle a tenant, holding at a rent
not exceeding 101. per annum, appears to be too
short. It certainly might be more than
doubled; for anything in the shape of building,
draining, or fencing, which are the class of improve
ments recognised by the Bill, will maintain their
value for a much longer time, and the limitation may
lead to parties being driven from their holdings with-
out compensation, when the five years have expired.
Such a possibility may induce them to commit un-
necessary waste, and not maintain their farms
in good condition after the expiration of the
specified term. In fact it would hold out an in-
ducement to them to destroy what they had effected,
lest the landlord or his agents might be tempted by
the higher value to turn them out, and give the lands
to another who could make no claim.

There is another class of improvements which are,
if possible, even more desirable than building,
fencing, or draining, and which is not included in the
Bill—we mean that which is understood by the term
" bringing the lands into heart." It is notorious that
in Ireland the ground is generally in an exhausted
and deteriorated condition at the time when it
comes into the hands of the landlord for the
purpose of being let. The out-going tenant,
who has got heavily into arrear, and is aware
that in all human probability he will speedily be
ejected for non-payment of rent, or one whose term
has nearly expired, and who is aware, from the feeling
of either the landlord or his agent, that he has no
reasonable prospect of being continued in the posses-
sion, hesitates not to taks what are termed " scourg-
ing crops" out of the lands, anxious only for present
return, and heedless of the damage that may thereby
be inflicted. It takes a considerable period of anxious
care, attentive husbandry, and heavy and unremune-
rated expenditure, to bring these lands again into a
proper condition. It is certain that although no
" visible improvement" may have been effected, yet
the farm may, after a few years of judicious and
careful cultivation—of cultivation, too, which will not
prove immediately remunerative to the occupier, the
annual value of the holding may be improved by
more than 10s. or 15s. per acre, and far more than
by the expenditure of an equal sum of money in the
erection of farm-buildings or offices. Now, if we
consider the generally backward state of agriculture
in Ireland, it will be manifest that nothing is so
urgently required as to bring the people into those
habits of careful cultivation ; and yet nothing what-
ever is done by the Bill to promote that great
desideratum. It is effected in Ulster, because a
tenant is (with the assent of his landlord, and under
certain conditions,) permitted to dispose of his holding
when he desires to leave it, or becomes unable
to pay the rent reserved thereout. The lands
in that favoured district are consequently brought
into the highest state of fertility, because
the tenant is well aware that the sum he is to receive
will lse proportioned to the condition of the farm ;
but in every other part of the country the motive is
quite the reverse; and a comparison of the state of
agriculture in Ulster and the other Irish provinces
will testify which system is productive of the greatest
advantage to the country in general.
The ather changes introduced in the law of landlord
and tenant may be spoken of with unmixed approbation.
The clauses preventing the occupying tenant from
undergoing a double distress, from his immediate as
well as from his superior landlord—which permits
him to set up an equitable defence against a distress,
in the superior as well as in the assistant-bar-
risters courts—which provides that a tenant at
will may be :ejected for non-payment of rent, and
that which specifies that each receipt for rent must
specify the particular gale for which it is given, or
that it should be considered as a receipt for the last
gale, are all exceedingly valuable. We shall point
out these advantages on a future opportunity, and
also suggest some alterations in the existing law,
which might be introduced with benefit to all
parties.

Letters from Piedmont state that the utmost joy
wes manifeated at Turin on the 9th instant, in con-
sequence of tEe proclamation of the new constitution.
The Municipality had voted the erection of a statue to
the KING. Never did monarch deserve a like mark
of homage and admiration more than CHARLES
ALTIRRT.

According to the accounts received from Naples,
the intelligence of the bombardment of Messina on
the 29th ult. is entirely corroborated.

A singular disturbance appears to have occurred
on the 10th at Alur.ich, of which disturbance the
royal lcman was the heroine, if not the instigator-
Latterly it would seem that the students of the Uni-
versity of Munich have formed themselves into se•

parate clubs, a new club having been recently
instituted by Lor.A. MoNTEz, the title of the said
club being " Allernatiia," and its members being dis-
tinguished by a particular costume. Several of these
young gentleinen, having presented themselves the
other day at the examination, were welcomed with
shouts of derision by their fellow-students,
and a riot was of course " the consequence
of that manceuvre." Hearing of th© peril
of her adherents, Lor.A. MONTEZ hurried to
their aid, and was—mobbed ! The KING thereupon
came to her assistance, and taking her on his arm,
they both entered a church, from which the lady
immediately issued, pistol in hand. She was, how-
ever, disarmed by a man, who seized her by the
throat. She was immediately extricated by the
gendarmes, who brought her to the Palace. The
garrison was put under arms, and the university
ordered to be closed for a year. Ultimately the
KING yielded to sager counsels, and consented to recal
the proclamation. The classes were to be re-opened
on the 14th.

Madrid journals of the 9th have been received.
They contain the synopsis of the Bill relating to the
press, which was laid before the Chamber of Depu-
ties by M. SARTORIUS. This measure, which is of
extraordinary length and complication, reposes im-
mense authority in the hands of the Government.
There is every probability that a mission will be
speedily dispatched to Berlin, for the purpose of in-
ducing Prussia, if possible, to recognise the succession
of the heirs of the young Duchess DR MONTPENSIER.

Another account states that a fresh intervention, on
the part of Spain in the aiTairs of Portugal, was me-
ditated, and that, in consequence of this, a note had
been presented :by the English Ambassador, protest-
ing, in powerful language, against such a proceeding.
The Emperor of Moaocco had also protested against
the occupation by Spain of the Chaffarine Islands.
Mr. lIENnEnsoN, the agent of the bondholders, had
arrived at Madrid, and had an interview with the
Minister of Finance and Mr. B➢LWER. The result,
it was stated, would be satisfactory to the bond-
holders. Gen. ALAIX had been recalled to Madrid.

MADRID BOLSA, FEB. 9.—The Three per Cents.
at 28} at 50 days, 28 13.16 toe cash; Five per
Cents., 17 3-16 at fifty days; 16i buyers for cash;
Passive, 51 to j ; Coupons, 11i buyers.

The Paris papers of yesterday morning have
arrived.

In the Chamber of Deputies, the discussion upon
the definitive settlement of the Budget of 1845 was
resumed : it was continued only for a short period,
and terminated in—nothing. The Chamber of Peers
was merely occupied with some routine business.
According to the Debat3 there has been a split in
the Opposition. A meeting was convened at the
residence of M. BILLAULT, where fifteen members
announced their determination not to attend the
proposed Reform Banquet. 0, ACRES, ACRES, thy
courage is oozing out at thy fingers' ends !
In the deputation of the Chamber of Deputies,
which proceeded to the Tuileries on Monday evening,
and presented the Address to his MAJESTY, not one of
the members of the Opposition was numbered. The
royal answer was of the usual character, namely, to
this effect :

" Gentlemen,—lt is with 'ls same satisfaction I
receive each year the assurance of that loyal co-
operation and support which you have not ceased
to afford me since the time that the national wish
called me to the throne. It is by the mutual confi-
dence and the intimate union of all the powers of
the State that we see consolidated more and more
the grand edifice of our constitutional institutions.
France finds in them the guarantee of her re-
pose and future prospects ; ani I, the happiness of
having had it in my power to realise the dearest
of my wishes, that of seeing her enjoy in peace
the liberties she so gloriously c)nquered, and all the
advantages which PROVIDENCE las bestowed on her.
I have been much affected by the proofs of sympathy
given to me by the Chamber of Deputies, on learning
the calamity which visited me in my dearest affections.
I thank the Chamber with all my heart, as also for
the sentiments it has just expressed to me in the Ad-
dress you have presented ha, its name."
" Those words," says the Moniteur, " were received
with reiterated cries of ?we le lloi I The ICING de-
scended from his throne, and advancing towards the
Deputies, said—' I am delighted, gentlemen, to see
you so numerous around me, and thank you for these
acclamations.' Cries of ➢ice le Roi were then re-
peated several times."
Nothing is thought of, spoken of, or written of, in
Paris but the crisis. Great apprehensions were en-
tertained as to the consequences of the intended ban-
quet, the most probable period of which is considered
to be Sunday. Some doubts were raised as to the
possibility of securing a banquetting-room sufficiently
large to contain the multitudes who would attend.
The ei-depart seminary of the Jessits at Montrouge,
half a mile from town, was proposed; but as the
effect which the reunion was calculated to produce
might be impaired by its being hell beyond the walls,
it was determined that it should take place in the
city of Paris itself.
Lours PJIILIPDE has recovered from the effects of
his cold.

M. Emma DD GlitiRDIN has resigned his functions
of Deputy for the department of the Creuse.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse
yesterday at 74f. 20c.; the New Loan, 15f. 5c.; the
Five per Cents., 1161. 90c. ; the Orleans Railroad
Shares, 1,186 f. 25c. ; Rouen, 867 f. 50c.; llavre,42of.;
Great Northern, 542 f. 50c. ; Avignon, 535 f.; Vier •
son, 5081. 75c.; Bordeaux, 475 f.; Boulogne, 365 f. ;
Dieppe, 252 f. 50c. ; Basle, 167 f. 90c. ; Paris and
Strasburg, 4031. 75c.; Tours and Nantes, 382 f,
50c.; Paris and Lyons, £97c. 25c. ; Spanish Three
per Cents.,
MaussimAs, Fzu. 10.-Marseilles and Avignon,
588 f. 79c.; Northern, 6.131. 75c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, FED. 15.
Boulogne and Amiens, 1314-Northern of France, 1116--
Paris and Lyons, 514.

APPOINTMENT OF DR. SUMNER,
BISHOP OF CHESTER, TO THE PRIMACY.
(lir ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
CHESTER, WEDNESDAY, 10 A.M.
The Lord Bishop of Chester, Dr. Sumner, is ap-
pointed to succeed the late Dr. Howley as Arch-
bishop of Canterbury. The Right Rev. Prelate has
left the Palace fur London in compliance with royal
commands.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
BETTING AT MANCLIESTEIL—TuEsDAy.

Cingsralt Cur.-22 to 1 agst Blaze (take 25 to 1) ;
27 to 1 agst Cracow) 27 to 1 agst Jonathan Wild ;
400 to 10 agst Swallow (t); 1,000 to 25 agst Cossack (t);
1,000 to 20 agst Glen Saddel (t).
DERBY.-250 to 10 agst Assault (t); 500 to 15 agst
Loadstone (t) ; 400 to 10 agst Besborough (t) ;
500 to 10 agst Whitstone (t). Nothing dour on any
other event. 1,200 to 40 agst Jonathan 'Wild for the
Che!ter Cup, and 4,000 to 400 agst Surplice for the
Derby was laid by one party on Saturday.
LIVERPOOL STEEPLE CHASES, &c.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING—(THIS DAY.) /
Loma :I,T, FEB. 16.—Wind W.N.W., moderate breeze
and fine.
DEAL, FEB. 15.—Wind S.S.W. to W.S.W.—Arrd.
Patterson, China; Francis Bum, French, ditto;
Zodiac, Popkin, Surinam; Randolph, Berbice. Arrd.
from the River and sailed, Bangalore, West Coast of
Africa ; American Eagle, New York ; Cumberland,
Trinidad.
LITERPOOk, FEB. 15.—Wind variable.—Arrd. 14th,
Thomas Lee, James, Calcutta ; Elizabeth Archer,
Cathay, ditto; Hvdaspes, Grebon, ditto; Independence,
Knight, New Orleans; Sheridan, Cornish, New York.
Sid. Golden Fleece, Bahia; Shamrock, Rio Grande;
Charles Brownell, Valparaiso; Farrago, Carraquet ;
D'Auvergne, Honduras; Delhi, Charleston. Off port,
Ferris, Madras; Triumph, —.
SOUTHAMPTON, Faa. 15.—S1d. Pacha steamer, Gib-
raltar.
BalliTOL, FEE. 15.—Wind W.N.W.—Arrd. Miranda,
Maryatt, Cape Vert'.
FALHOUTE, FEB. 15.—Wind W.—The Thomas and
Nancy, Anemia to Woolwich, was spoken to on the
16th ult. off Algiers, with loss of bowsprit and foretop-
mast.
\VA's' a:NrtOE, FEB. 15.—The Indian, of and for London,
was on the Gunfleet sand yesterday, making water
freely; six smacks' crew were in attendance to get her ott
PETERHEAD, FEB. 14. The Carron, of Belfast,
Liverpool to Shields, has been wrecked or: Rattray
Head; crew saved.
HULL, FEB. 15.—The Mary Redgrave, Shields to
Constantinople, has put in hero leaky, having struck on
Harborough Sand, and must discharge.
CLYDE, FEB. 13.—Arrd. St. Mary's, Milligan, Mobile.
DUBLIN, FEB. 14.—Wind strong.—Arrd. Princess,
Lyons, Dorchester, N. 8., and not S. John's, N. 8., as
previously reported. Sailed 12, Thomas Dempsey,
Donohue, Trinidad.
ILFRACoMBE, FEB. 15.—The John West, Newport to
London, has put in here with sails split and leaky.
The Jane hat, Hall, from Sunderland, arrived in the
River—was in contact, sth inst., off Flamborough Head,
with a light ship (supposed a collier) which sustained
some alight damage to hull and rigging.

LA W TYTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF EXCOEQUER, Feb. 15.
nu4,-wN V DENMAN.
(Continued from our Third Edition of last night)
4r. John Owen Evans, examined by the AirroutiLY
GENERAL —I have lately commanded the Royal Sove-
reign yacht. I we; second master on board of the Rolla,
from April, 1839, down to 1841. Captain Tucker was,
at the commencement. the commander on the station.
He has since lost his life by shipwreck. There was no
trade of the country carried on. I recollect the Alex-
ander. I had watched her for two months. I visited
her the day before she left the river Gallinas, and found
that she had little or no cargo on board. She had not
one hundred casks of palm oil, nor any dye wood. She
was in ballast. There were a few casks in the ballast,
containing provisions or a portion of the cargo brought
out. She certainly had not 150 tons of goods on board.
The sentries did not remain at any of the places except
Dombocorro. At Catnassora they were placed for
only half an hour. This was done to protect the
property, the Spaniards having left the different
places. There was a large quantity of goods at Dom-
bocorro. They were not the goods of the country,
but imported goods, and such as are given for
slaves at Jaccria. I saw slaves leaving the
place, the principal being children, of some three
or four years of age ; others hardly able to walk. There
were a few women there. Ido not recollect seeing any
chains there ; but there were aome at Dombocorro. I
recollect a letter being sent to the King, and on the day
following I saw Prince Manna and the chiefs come to
where Captain Denman was. Captain Denman com-
plained of Tri Norman being detained, and also of the
refusal to aid the crews of the English vessels. Prince
Manna and the chiefs made no objection to the signing
of the treaty, they only wished to consult some more
chiefs before they decided. I wrote out the treaty,
which was signed. After that had been signed they
sent in 7.00 or 800 slaves ; all the men were in irons.
The chiefs came back alter the treaty was signed ; there
was no restraint on them. I saw the rocket fired. Cap-
tain Denman gave the orders. Prince Manna wished to
see how the rockets would fire a place, and the Prince
thought a better place could not be fixed on than the
baracoons at Dombocorro. The natives appeared from
their activity previously to be moving the goods away.
By Mr. Baron ALDERSON—The places were fired
after we had left. Ido not know how they were fired.
Cross-examined by Mr. HILL—The Alexander did
not leave the river. -I was on board of her in tho month
of August, and the day before she went up the river I
went to see she had no slaves in her. The men who
went ashore were all armed. The boats had each a
cannon on board. Two of them were 18-pounders, and
I think one was a 16-pounder. The ship's boats arrived
in the River Gallinas about seven o'clock in the morn-
ing. I saw five or six chiefs on shore. Ido not know
how many there are at the Gallinas.
Re-examined by the ATTORNEY-GENERAL—Captain
Denman had on the previous day gone on shore and de-
manded Tri Norman and her child. On that occasion
there was only Prince Manna and his brother present.
They then took the treaty away, and returned on the
following day, when they were accompanied by the
Rogerses and the other chiefs.
Lieutenant Marriott, examined by Mr. GODSON—I
was out in the fleet, and recollect the Alexander. I
lived :on board of her, and saw the cargo which she
brought out. It consisted of cloths in bale. I never
saw any goods brought on board. I did not see 100
casks of palm oil. All that was brought on board was
sand. She bad no cargo when she went up the river.
I have been at the Gallinas several years, and never but
on one occasion did I see any person deal in the goods
of the country. He carried them in a small boat of
about ten tons, which traded between the Gallinas and
Cape Mouth.
By Mr. Baron ALDERSON—I never saw any slaves
taken on board of the vessels.
(The treaty was here read.)
Edward Sands, examined by Mr. COCK.BURN—I was
cook on board of her Majesty's ship the Wanderer 4 I
recollect going with Captain Denman up the river Gals
lines. On going up I saw a canoe full of slaves; they
were driven in by a Spaniard, more like beasts than
men. They were landed before the boat came up. I
asked Captain Denman to let me go after them, which
he did. When I came up to them in the bush I drove
them back. There were one woman and about a dozen
men. The men were chained together by the necks. I
assisted in setting fire to the factories. There were no
goods in them. They had been removed by hundreds
of the natives previously. Dombocorro was not on
fire until after we had reached our ships. We had been
on board at least eight or nine hours before the place
was fired.
After the examination of several other witnesses, the
commission appointing Captain Denman to the command
of the squadron was then put in.
This finished the defendant's case.
Mr. MIL applied to have the further proceedings
adjourned.
Mr. Baron PARSE—The Court will first look at the
various pleas, and see if they cannot be simplified.
This led to an argument which occupied the time of
the Court about an hour ; it was at length ended by
The COURT saying there was evidence to go to the
jury on the pleas of not guilty, and leave to amend the
seventh plea as to King Siacca being a despotic Sove-
reign. _ _

This led to another long argument as to the right of
the Attorney-General being allowed to amend, but which
was at length granted, which, if successful, will have the
effect of giving the right of King Siacca to make war,
and also justify the conduct of Captain Denman ; when
Mr. HILL applied to have the further proceedings ad-
journed.
A Juror—My Lords, we would rather finish tonight,
for we have all the circumstances fresh in our minds ;
besides, we have been here two days.
Mr. HILL and Mr. MARTIN protested, when the fur-
ther proceedings were adjourned at seven o'clock until
ten o'clock this morning.

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