The Sun.
London, England, 1848-01-05 00:00:00

f L'T tip-r_~

, ~, ontrage or murder would he to go forward ant i raw
\ {the danger? Every man kill his man, anid die, Wo
be to do something. uld
It is, Sir, a very sad thing that we should
into any such anticipations.
The very indulge ncele of
them is harmful to the enlightened hopes of peace.
But the discussion once begun, it cannot be avl oided,
linand it is of the last importance for the people tin it the
matter should be settled at once and definitively. I
"?
eprecate beyond measure the constant renev;:al of
ti. ,ese irritating subjects, and still more any necossity
tha t leads to it. It is the business of the Government
; siien, tly, and thereby without offence, to provide for
urpose,rance choos€'a g
our fleet, lel the et\ •cient safeguard of the realm. This paper has
never e, Qased in its claim for the performance of
that duty.
pl\
F
egland requires so small a force for this
t cat its amount is quite answer enough to
Europe that
i,' cannot be used for aegressive purposes.: If
to play the frog wiih the ox, in mimicl :-
her; the folly is suicidal. If we Ines 0.
sure things by ni•teels, we must have a large navy, an d
she requires but a na.9derate one. Let us hit, in th a
expense, the right :ne
e.
dium between fright and ovr
confidence It is, doubtless, cheapest to he prepare 3;
no more of such economy as stripped the dockvan Is.
And as such men as the Ea."l of Ellesmere evidently
feel that their " stake in the country" is the thing to
he defended, as they are well-conterit, and only desire
to keep things as they are, let the tax that p ay, s
for the new army Lill on the properties it uar ds. Lord Francis Egerton. was made Earl of Elleg
sin ere principally because he is immensely rich. If rici lea
' yre to make such senators for us, let their wealth, at
ie,?,,t, serve their country. Another Lord, Lord Ingests .e.,
asset.!, • that we want nothiz, g but a due appreciation Oi f
Capt.lV:.,rner's shells. I would leave him to talk over this
with th€,Zarl. But our try e safety is, in common
prudence, in the honest resolution of our Government
to ask for whx tis wanted, and no more—in its aban-»
donment of ali party patronage in the services—int
justice and sufficient pay to the seaman—in a rational
method of ship4)uilding—in goc‘il' treatment for the
soldier—and if the worst should ti,ome, if we are
beaten after taking all these wise knd honourable
precautions, then in the old bull-dog resolution that
will fasten :.:iad not leave its hold but with life. May
we never need the help of one of these :means ; but
the surest way not to need one is to keen all ready.
The mission of England is peace and gooc,l fellow-
ship to the world ; the right hand is honemtly held
forth in amity even by the least enlightened among
us : we must only be ready to double the fist, if
we see a blow offered as a return for our adl Tances.
TVeekiy Dispatch.

CRUST_ IC.

THE JEWISH DISABILITIES
RELIEF BILL.

We yesterday received a copy of this import ant
measure from the Parliamentary Paper-office. l.t is
entitled, "A Bill for the Relief of her MajeF. ty's
subjects professing the Jewish Religion," and i s en-
dorsed with the names of Lord John Russell,, Sir
George Grey, and Viscount Morpeth. The number
of clauses amounts to ten. The first clause sttbsti-
tutes the following form of oath to be taken by the
Queen's Jewish subjects (including public fun ction-
aries and Members of Parliament) instead of the
obnoxious formula, " on the true faith of a Chri:itian,"
viz.:—

"I. A. 8., do solemnly promise and swear, ,that I
will be faithful and bear true allegiance to her
Majesty Queen Victoria, and will defend her to the
utmost of my power against all conspiracies and
attempts whatever which shall be made against her
person, crown, and dignity ; and I will do my utmost
endeavour to disclose and make known to her Majesty,
her heirs and successors, all treasons and traitorous
conspiracies which may be formed against her
or them ; and I do faithfully promise to main-
tain, support, and defend, to the utmost of my
power, the succession of the Crown, which suc-
cession, by an Act, entitled, An Act for the
further Limitation of the Crown, and better securing
the Rights and Liberties of the Subject,' is and stands
limited to the Princess Sophia, Electress of Hanover,
and the heirs of her body, being Protestants, hereby
utterly renouncing and abjuring any obedience or al-
legiance to any other person claiming or pretending a
right to the crown of this realm ; and I do declare
that I do not believe that any foreign prince, prelate,
person, state, or potentate bath or ought to have any
temporal or civil jurisdiction, power, superiority, or
ire-eminence, directly or indirectly, within this
realm : I do swear that I will defend, to the utmost
of my power, the settlement of property within this
realm, as established by the laws ; and I do hereby
disclaim, disavow, and solemnly abjure any intention
to subvert the present Church establishment as settled
by law within this realm; and I do solemnly swear
that I will never exercise any privilege to which I
am or may become entitled to disturb or weaken the
Protestant religion or Protestant Government in the
United Kingdom ; and I do solemnly, in the presence
of God, profess, testify, and declare that I do make
this declaration, and every part thereof, in the plaint
and ordinary sense of the words of this oath, without.
any evasion, equivocation, or mental reservation what-
soever.

" So help me God."
This oath is to be taken in the same manner as
Jews are now sworn in courts of justice, &c.
The sth clause allows persons professing the Jewish
religion to make the declaration set forth in the Act
Bth and 9th Victoria, cap. 52, instead of that pre-
scribed in the Act 9th George IV., cap. 17 (Repeal
of Sacramental Test Act), in all cases which are not
within the provisions of the last recited Act ; and, in
short, extends the relief sought for in the widest
and most universal manner. A few restrictions are
still retained, such as the disqualification of Jews to
exercise the office of guardians and justices, or Re-
gent of the United Kingdom, that of Lord Chancellor,
that of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and that of her
Majesty's High Commissioner to the General Assem-
bly of the Scotch Kirk.
Clause 7 continues the disqualification of any per-
son, otherwise than now by law enabled, to,hold any
office, place, or dignity in the Church of England, or
in any other ecclesiastical establishment ; and clause
8 deprives Jews of the right of presentation to
benefices, which right, in the event of the descent
of an advowson to a party of the Hebrew persuasion,
is to devolve on the Archbishop of Canterbury
pro tem.
Clause 9 renders it illegal (although how it can be
rendared compulsory, we know not) for any Jew to
advise the Sovereign, directly or indirectly, to make
any appointment to offices in the established churches
of the country.
Such is the scope of the Bill which now awaits a
second reading in the House of Commons.

POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
We were highly gratified by hearing yesterday an
admirable lecture by Dr. John Ryan, the well-known
professor of chemistry at this institution. He com-
menced his subject by stating,; trele,-.4244ter was of
three kinds, solid, liquid, and gaseous; that under
one degree of temperature a body would assume a
solid form, but when the atmosphere around it became
of a warmer degree it would assume a liquid state,
which by still further application of heat would be-
come eventually of a gaseous form. It was an
erroneous idea to suppose that large bodies, such, for
instance, as bars of iron, brass, or lead, or blocks of
wood, or indeed anything with which we come in
daily contact, were composed entirely of one st'lid,
mass this was not the case, they were rather form
of minute particles, so minute that separately the).
could not be discerned by the naked eye. Each of
these small particles was surrounded by an atmo--
sphere of its own, which became so interwoven with
its neighbour as to form all the appearance of a solid
body. This was sufficiently proved by the
heating of a rod of brass or iron, which on gain-
ing a certain :degree of heat would be found not
only considerably increased in circumference, but
also very much in its length ; this arose from the
atmospheres of the various particles being expanded
by the warmth, and driving these particles to greater
distances from each other. The lecturer then pro-
ceeded to speak of physical, magnetic, and chemical
attraction ; the first named, he said, was the affinity
which one body exhibited to another of the same
sort, as was shown by the joining of two pieces of
phosphorous together. The only result arrived at
by physical attraction was an increase in the
bulk, the properties and state of the body re-
maining as formerly. With magnetic attraction
it was almost the same, save that the bodies
under its influence were rendered magnetic ; how-
ever, this was poised so nicely between physical and
chemical attraction, and partook.
,so equally of the
properties of these, that it was difficult to say which
it most resembled. With chemical attraction it was
totally different; for the union of the two bodies
produced a third of a nature entirely at variance with
its two component parts; but, however wonderful it
might appear, the body formed was exactly of the
same weight as the particles united in its composition.
At the conclusion the Learned Doctor was greatly
applauded by a densely crowded audience.

TIIE EPISCOPATE.—The first Archbishop in Eng-
land was Vaulinus, Archbishop of York, in 622. St.
Austin was the first Archbishop of Canterbury, ap-
pointed by Ethelbert, the first king converted to Chris-
tianity. Canterbury was once the royal city of the Kings
of Kent, and was given to Austin in 508. There are
24 Bishops and two Archbishops-26; and 18 Collegiate
Bishops. There are 26 Deans and 4 Collegiate Deans,
of which Westminster is one, 5 Deans of Peculiars, and
60 Archdeacons. The Archbishops are enthroned, the
Bishops only installed. They (the Archbishops) are
said to be appointed by Divine Providence, the Bishops
by Divine permi4f;on. The former are addressed by the
title of Your Grace, the latter only as Lords. The
.Ireit'ulsnop of Canttl.bury was Primate of Inland till
1152. The Archbishop of York was Primate of Scotland
till 1470, when the Bishop of St. Andrew's was made
Metropolitan by Sextus IV.