The Sun.
London, England, 1846-06-13 00:00:00

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LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1846.

The Earl of LINCOLN onThursday brought forward
three Bills foundtd on the recommendations con-
tained is the report of the Commissioners appointed

to inquire into the occupation of land in Ireland, of
which notice had been given. The manner in which
-- these measures were received by the blouse fully jus-
:: tified the pleasing anticipations of the Noble Lord, viz.,
that whatever difference of opinion there might here-
after be as to their provisions, every one in the House
would be united—no feelings ofparty animosity would
be excited, or any rivalry, except of a generous and
kindly- nature, as to which would give the most effec-
tual aid towards the common object—that of im-
proving the condition of the people of Ireland by
increasing and improving the cultiiition of the soil,
and giving to the tenants that security in their
investments in the land without w 'eh it was
hopeless to expect that the so' y ou be pro-
" perly cultivated, or its im?rov ent otherwise
mu retarded.. The et of Lord Dsvones

~:.:..
~._. ,

ICommission was presented to the House in the month
of February, 1845, and much anxiety was felt in all
quarters for the introduction of some measures calcu-
lated to give effect to the recommendations, or at
least some of them, contained therein. It was felt to
be a subject of the most paramount importance, as
through it alone the most fertile source of
dissension in that country could be removed,
and peace and tranquillity permanently restored
in our sister kingdom ; for, whatever temporary
improvement might be attained, it was impossible
to hope for its continuance unles3 the exciting cause
of disturbance—that which prevented substantial im-
provement throughout the country, and consequent
prosperity to the owners and occupiers of the soil,
and an increased degre e of employment to the
laborious classes were removed—that want of employ-
ment, as Mr. NICHOLLS well said, having produced
destitution ; destitution, turbulence ; turbulence, want of
security ; want of security, want of capital, and again,
want of capital, want of employment. Remove any of
these, and by a natural consequence, you will have
gone a far way in removing all. The great exciting
cause is the want of adequate employment. Idleness
has been called the mother of mischief, and if you
add to that leisure for the concoction and execution
of evil designs, the destitution and want of
all the comforts of civilised life, which n.ust
attend the want of occupation amongst a class
who are dependent fur their daily - bread on the
sweat of their brows ; the result must be discontent
and recklessness, leading to the fearful evils and oc-
currences which have too frequently inflicted in lelible
stains on the character of our Irish brethren. If
therefore no other good was to be obtained but
the increased employment afforded to the labour-
ing classes in effecting the improvements contem-
plated and promoted by the first Bill, an object of
vast importance will have been attained; but there is
little doubt that great and permanent good will be
thereby effected to all classes, and perhaps those whose
interests will ultimately be most benefited are the
landlords, whose rights some may say are unduly in-
terfered with in the present instance. Great
difficulties must attend the introduction of any
measure dealing summarily with the rights
of a vast and important body of our countrymen, the
owners of the soil, rights which have gene-
rally been considered inviolable and sacred. The
members of the several branches of the Legislature,
by whom this interference must be approved and
sanctioned, all belong to the class whose property is
affected, many of them thinking that they are fully
entitled to do as they will with their own ; but
a much larger proportion, we are happy to
say, are disposed to give its full weight to the
important proposition " that property has its duties
as well as its rights," and of sufficient patriotism and
philanthropy to yield gracefully a certain portion of
these rights, when it is clearly and indisputably esta-
blished that their doing so will be productive of
much benefit to the great body of the people—to
their common country. Few will be disposed to
question the statements of the Commissioners,
" that an improved cultivation of the soil and an ad-
vanced condition of the people are intimately connected
with the general prosperity of the whole empire ;"
and few can doubt that this improvement is much
discouraged by the want of some certain tenure in
the land, or the security to the tenant of obtaining
an adequate return for the expenditure incurred by-
him in effecting such improvement, either in the
length of his tenure, or in a fair compensation for
bis outlay and labour in the event of his
being obliged to quit the farm within a
certain time. How to effect this object, so
desirable in every point of view, was the point,
and it is little to be wondered at that the first
measure (that brought forward by Lord STANLEY
during the last session) should not be adequate to the
purpose. Great simplicity in the machinery to be
adopted was es-enrially necessary; and we think
Lord LINCOLN has acted wisely in not introducing any
new machinery, hut in having recourse to that which
is already in exi-tence, and well known throughout
the country, and which had been recommended by the
Oommissioners, viz., the Assistant-Barristers. There
are various classes of improvement contemplated by
the measure : two of these are essentially different
from the others, as effecting a vast and per-
manent improvement in the value of the
farms, and these we think justly are n.ade
different from the others, by being made charges on
the inheritance, and also as being compulsory
on the landlords. Others may be made
by agreement, as farming, manuring, &c. &c.
and will be binding on the landlord himself who
agrees to them so far as Ids own interest in the land
is concerned. By the new Bill, the tenant is em-
powered to serve a notice in a prescribed form on the
landlord ; if the landlord approve I thereof he signified
his assent, and the matter was thereby carried into
execution ; if he disapproved, it fell to the ground in
all except the two compulsory clauses re-
lating to building and thorough draining.
Notice should be served on the immediate land -
lord in person, and on all others having an in-
terest in the lands exceeding thirty-one years, through
the post-office. 'We think that it would be prudent to
enable the tenant, in certain cases, with the approba-
tion of the Assistant-Barrister, to effect a substitu-
tion of service of this notice on the recognised agent,
bailiff, or driver of the landlord, if not residing in the
immediate vicinity of the lands. We know,
too well the great difficulty that is found in
tDo many instances in effecting personal service of any
legal process or notice in Ireland, and we cannot see
the objection to having the notice served on the party
who receives the rent, or acts on behalf of the land-
lord in respect to the land. Such a provision, how-
ever, may be introduced when the measure goes into
Committee. The immediate landlord, on receipt of
this notice, will be bound to name an arbitrator on his
behalf, and to state whether he was willing to do the
work himself, otherwise an allowance not exceeding
five per cent. on building, and four per cent. on drain-
ing, is to be made.
If the landlord assents, the document which em-
bodies that assent is to be filed with the clerk of
the peace, and the expense becomes a charge on the
inheritance. If the landlord objects, he should serve
notice of objection, and an arbitrator must be appointed ;
if he refuse to appoint one, arbitrators must be ap-
pointed by the Assistant-Barrister and justices at
quarter-sessions. The arbitrators may ap-
point an umpire, or if they do not agree, then
he should be appointed by the Assistant-Barrister.
The award being made, the landlord has an option of
undertaking the works himsel', if he intimates his
intention of so doing within thirty-one days, and the
award thus made is to be registered with the clerk of
the peace ; a power of inspection is to be given to the
landlord to see that the work is properly done. Our
space this day does not permit a further notice, but
we shall speedily return to the subject and the other
two Bills introduced by the Noble Chief Secretary.

• A letter from shei•,l.7isbon correspondent of the
Tinies, Publhhed
per
cent,,
The Funds
naare°rid edition of that journal
ate
this morning, and
The panic hag becomeicm;June Ist, says :•—•
have fallen a further 10 ent ,15 per cent. within
a fortnight.
" The official report of trade in the ry
this
day is of the most desponding '
The mar-
ket of
character.
baract
continues paralysed. We are not aware of any
transaction to specify.
" Public Funds.—Small transactions have been
realised during the week. Shares of companies are
not sought. Paper money and titulos in apathy.
The * (a word illegible) are quoted from 42 to 45.
The shares of the Bank of Lisbon from 580 to 600
milreis each, being a fall of 25 per cent., and those of
the Confianca National at 47-1- milreis, a fall of more
than 50 per cent. since the suspension of payment."
The Algarves, it appears, have risen, and joined in
the general movement, and the Governor of the pro-
vince has retired to Albuferia, where the troop.; are
concentrated. "This," says the Times correspondent,
" completes the rising of the entire nation, with
scarcely the exception of one isolated town."

Intelliger.ce from Rome to the Ist instant has been
received. A fierce struggle is expected between the
Austrian and French interests in the approaching
election of Pope. It appears that the former Power
rather stands in dread of the intrigues of M. Rossr,
the French Ambassador, who is denounced by those
favourable to Auitrian influence as the " able and
wily agent of the egotistical policy of France." The

news of the insurrection hi Portugal had excited a
great sensation in Rome.

Madrid papers of the 6th have arrived. The
brothers CABRAL arrived in Madrid on that day.
M. BUCHENTAL, who had been banished by Nan•
VAEZ, has returned to Madrid.

MADRID BOLSA, JUNE 6.—Three per Cents. 33
to cash.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
On Tuesday the Chamber of Deputies resumed the
discussion on the state of Algiers. The principal
speakers were M. FERDINAND BARROT and M. DE
TOCQUEVILLE. We give a resume of the arguments
of M. DE TOCQUEVILLE from the Presse :
"What," asked M. DE TOCQUEVILLE, " is the real
state of Algeria? What is the evil? What the
remedy ?" and, remarks La Presse," These questions
M. DE TOCQUEVILLE examined with singular talent
and close analysis :"

"The real state is to be found in the three facts which
we have so often had occasion to expatiate upon. Ist. The
war in Africa is an embarrassment, and no longer a danger.
2ndly. Colonizing by means of the native population is a
chimera. 3dly. A fact to be resolved hereafter comprises
the whole future destiny of our establishment—viz., the
arrival in Africa of a large European population ? Where is
the evil? It is in'the constant incorrectness of the official
information given to the Chamber upon the state of our
affairs in Algeria. The Ministerial pictures are seducing,
but, unfortunately, are false in every particular. Cultiva-
tion there is none; colonization, real and active, there is
none; produce is at an end; in the villages one-half
the inhabitants are dead, and the other half dying from
starvation. The evil is, moreover, to be found in the
obstacles opposed to all individual endeavours, and in the
absen'e of all the guarantees which should protect interests.'
On this point M. de Tocqueville quoted a very important
fact, which seemed to make a lively impression on the Cham-
ber. There are colonization societies in Switzerland, and
these societies say to persons who consult them before they
emigrate You may safely go to Algeria; the soil is
good and fruitful—the climate wholesome and agreeable.
But there is no Government, nor guarantee, nor pro-
tection; and you will find there nothing but misery and
death.' When we reflect that every year thousands of
men expatriate themselves over every part of America, what
regret we must feel in reflecting on the position in which
misgovernment has placed Algeria, and under which it has
so long groaned. The remedy, which M. de Tocqueville as
well as ourselves, has so often repeated. is to be found in the
institution. He combats the pessimists, who see everywhere
insurmountable difficulties, whilst the difficulties against
which we contend in Africa are exactly the same as pres,nt
themselves in the infancy of all new stLtes, and are to be sur-
mounted by having recourse to the same means."
M. DE TOCQUEVILLE concluded in favour of the
appointment of a Special Department and Minister of
Algeria.

The subject of the election of Pope is commented
on in the Opposition journals. The Courrier Fran-
cais after alluding to the fruitless endeavours of
France to procure for the Roman citizens municipal
liberties and the abolition of exclusive privileges, de-
clares that, in spite of M. Gutzur and the reactionary
men who may succeed him, French liberty IA ill,
sooner or later, emancipate Italy, and restore to the
Papacy its real character and mission.
"The news announced," says the Epoyue, " by several
journals, that a re nissian of the rest of their punishment has
been accorded to General Montholon, the Englishman Field-
ing. and Lieut. Aladenise, the three last companions of the
captivity of Prince Louis Napoleon, is entirely unftunded
There has been neither pardon nor, as was stated, even pro-
mise of pardon, after the trial of Doctor Conneau. General
Montholon is detained at Ham, Fielding at Versailles, and
Aladenise at St. Pelagic."

The Duke D'AIIMALE arrived at Algiers on the
2d of June. During the course of his campaign he
received the submission of many Arab tribes. On the
same day General Yusur returned to Algiers
with four hundred and fifty horses, which he
had levied as a fine on the tribe of Ouled-Nayls. The
war has ceased in every direction in Algeria, and the
troops are enjoying a little repose.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Wednesday at
832. sc. ; the Five per Cents., at 120 f. 20c. ; the Orleans Railroad
shares, 1,255 f.; Rouen,.l,e 20f ; Havre, 7451.; Great Northern, 742 f. 50e.;
..i.vignon, 895 f.; Vierzon, 6371. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 605 f.; Idoulo.4ne, 4821.
5Cc. ; Troyes and Montereau, 390 f.; Basle, 220 f.; Famoux, 417 f. 50c.;
Dieppe, 415 f.; Paris and Str sburg, 507 f. 50c. ; Tours and Nantes,
Slsf ; Pa is and Lyons, 545 f. ; Belgian Two-and-a-Half per Cents.,
56 ; Spanish Th.-ee per Cents., 38.
The following are the quotations in tke new lines : —Lyons and
Avignon, Definitives, 518 f: 75c.; Bordeaux and Cette, Definitive,
6051. .

LIONS, JUNE B.—Marseilles and Avignon, 885 f. ; Paris and Or-
leans, 1,245 f.; Lyons, 531 L 25c.; Great Northern, 737 f. 50c.

BUSINESS 'DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK E‘CIIANGE, JUNE 11.

Boulogne and Amiens, 11—Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette (Espe •
leta), 15( - Central of Spain, —Dutch Rhenish, 7% —East Indian,
%—Louvain and Jemappe, 1% Luxembourg. 1% —Namur and
Liege, 314—Northern of France Constituted, 14 t 4 —Orleans and Vier•
510n,15 —Orleans and Bordeaux, 9% - Purls and Lyons Constituted,
6% —Paris and Rouen, 39% --Rouen and Havre, 28%—Sambre and
Meuse, 4%

MAP OF THE. BASIN OF THE PACIFIC.—Mr. J4M,S.
Wyld has just published a large map of the basin of the
great Pacific Ocean, showing the American Arid Asiatic
shores and the groups of the Australian and Polynesian
lands. At the present time the publication of such a map
is ofgreat value, showing as it does the whole Oregon terri
tory, and its relative position to the British possessions India,
and China. In the event of a war on the subject of Oregon,
the Sandwich Islands, the possession of which our Govern.
ment refused some two years since, will become of immense
importance, situated as they are in the direct coast to
Oregon, India, China, New South Wales, and New Zealand
Should the project of cutting through the Isthmus of Panama
be carried into effect, the French possessions in the Marquesas
will become valuable : we doubt, however, whether the
Isthmus will ever be cut through, and even if should, the
route to Australia, proposed by Lieutenant Waghorn, via Sin-
gapore, appears to be in every way preferable to the route
via Panama. Our magnificent colonies in Australia and
New Zealand are here accurately delineated, and seeing
their relative position to Indit, to China, and to America, it
is impossible to exaggerate their importance. As a work of
art this map is beautiful, and as a work of reference it is
invaluable.

GENERAL TOM THUMB, being upon the eve of quitting
Eng!and, has been anxious to mark his departure by a grace-
ful act of. Lit, to Mr. W. Batty, the proprietor of
Astley's Ainikiitbeatre. On t4',7little general's arrival in
England he.-masdesipouseof,,ifitving an equipage of pro-
portions suitable to his'inivia • Litl4putian dimensions. Thnre,
was no difficulty abouethkt • narriat4-.-very little trouble in
obtaining boys competent-to driving the vehicle; but there
was a grand obstacle iii-44.ponies., • Cinderella's fairy was
not at hand to manufacturtAegi froni rizai no r could an
importation from Pegu be accomplished in. sufficient time.
In this dilemma Mr. Batt!r- steppettlormard and kindly sup-
plied the general with 'a Sir orbeautittl -littlefatiiinals from
his own magnificent stitd; 'which tlfe 'pubitc- haff for months
had opportunities of adiiiiiittg.; the.generag:rettignizing that
mark of attention, by pr.?senting Mr. Batty with a pair of
charming white ponies, w-liseli-he has lately been using, and
we conclude they will ofteii l'id4eeti upon that stage where
we are accustomed to look forme- •epecimens of the equine

SALE OF OLD PLAYS.—On Wednesday a sale, by
auction, of a rare and curious collection of old plays of Shaks
peare, Lilly, Marlowe, Nash, Peele. Beaumont and Fletcher,
&c., the property of the late William Holgate, Esq., of the
General Post-office, took place at Messrs. Sotheby's rooms,
Wellington- street. Some of the " plays" were not more than
three or four leaves of old paper, unbound, but fetched large
prices, as the following selection of a few will show :—" The
Lamentable and true Tragedie of M. Arden of Fevert.lia;n,
who was most wickedly murdered by the means of his dis.
loyall and wanton wife," printed in 1599 (2/. 14e.) "The
Tragi Comcedi of the Vertuous Octauia, by Samuel Brandin,"
extremely rare, printed by W. Ponsonbye, 1598, sold for
13 guines. " Historie of the Tryall of Chevalry, with
the life and death of Cavaliero Dicke Bowyer, as it bath bin
lately acted by the Right Honourable the Earle of Darby,"
Simon Staffoid, 1605, sold for 71. 103. " The Pleasant
Comedie of Old Fortunatus, by Thomas Dekker : as it was
plaied before the Queenes Alaiestie this Christmas by the
Right Honorable the Earle of Nottingham," black letter, 1600,
sold for 61. 10s. ; Mr. Rhodes's copy fetched 19/. " Edward
the Raigne of King Edward the Third, as it hath bin
plaied about the Cittie of London," first edition, attri-
buted by Capel to Shakspeare, printed in 1599, 61. 10s.
George Gascoigne, " his whole workes newly compyled
into one volume," from the collection printed in 1587,
sold for 121. ss. " Jack Drum's Entertainment,
or the Comedie of Pasguill and Katherine, as it has been
sundry times playde by the Children of Powles," first
edition, printed in 1601, sold for 31. Ben Jonaon's " Poet-
aster, or the Arraignment, as it hath been acted in the
Blacke Friers, 1602," sold for 2/. 3s, " Looke about Yow,
a pleasant Comedie, as it was lately acted by the Right Hon.
the Lord High Admiral his Seruants, 1600," sold for 6/.
" The Ma-sacre at Paris, with the Death of the Duke of
Guise, as it was plaide by the Right Hon. the Lord High
Admiral, his Seruants by Marlowe," no date, sold for
5/. 7s. 6d. "Nobody and Somebody, with the true Chronicle
Historie of Elyduce, who was fortunately three severall
times crowned King of England," no date, sold for 8/. 155.;
in 1823 a copy sold for 161. " A Lamentable Tragedie,
mixed full of pleasant mirth, containing the Life of Cambises,
King of Persia, from the beginning of his Kingdome unto
his Death," no date, eight guineas Of Shakepeare's
Works: "A Midsummer Night's Dreame," 1600, 6/. "The
First Parte of the true Historie of the Life of Sir John Old
Castle, the good Lord Cobham," first edition, 3/. lls. "Mr.
WilEam Shakspeare, his true Chronicle History of the Life
and Death of King Lear and his Three Daughters," Nathaniel
Butter, 1608, 61. 15s " Poems of Shakespeare," portrait by
Marshall, Thomas Cotes. 1640, sold for 51. 17s. sd. The
ether lots sold were equally endows
ARRIVAL op THE EAST INDIA MAIL.— SOUTIIAMP-
Trw: eja;;NoviEnle,thl
the
he
Et
dlMediterraneani3d.l,aataiandlacnhdi exldas
mttehaaeiml
se, steamerßoyalmails,h e,d .h
at
tcTit,ahre:
v3:Craoetpitain
toe
warded to London b
boxes and la packages.ythe morning mail train. They consisted cf 19
June 3. The fotiooir 'far left Malta 29th May, Gibraltar
tome, and Phoenix. Tfiesßo
ships were at Gibraltar :—Hibernia, Fan-
'valuable cargo. yai Tar, has 56 passengers and a full and
FIRE CAUSED BY THE RAYS OF THE SIIN.—On
Thursday, at noon, a fire, from the following h
on the premises of Messrs. Richard Clarke and
cause, broke out
447, West Strand, A number of patent wax light.,
s, wax-bleachers,
in the front window, became ignited from the Intensel'exposed for show heat of the sun.
The articles in question, being of an exceedingly inflammable • nature,
they blazed with great fury, setting the window bind ao
fl
burning fragments of which communicated with the remainder of thea
goods of a combustible character in the window. Two of ther
men who were present at the time endeavoured to subdue flamesthes
when they first commenced, but were unable to dountil
so property,
between 20/. and 301. in value, was destroyed. Whilst they were
fl,..fhting with the fire, both the men were badly burnt about the
UAL
IN ST. JAMES'S PARR
THE BIRDS in the addition PARK.---The present
season has been very propitiousocety.
i which are of birds belonging
to the Ornithological
iing the destruction of man
located in the ornamental
Notwithstanding of the young
waters. a few weeks
the Egyptian geese since, the collection in
broads by
eludes upwards of six hundred specimens, of which more than two
hundred the present season. There
the young ones has been
hundred are
a brood of ten of the common and black swans from Australia,
and those from the different varieties of geese have be en very' sue-
cessfal. THE GENERAL Pc
vsgurßy AT ENF •
THE OFFICIAL
onicit.-=Oll Thursday five of the men, three subsorters and two let:yr -
ve evidence. Their Ir Peacock to gt
carriers, attended upon 3 .
with reference to the distress of the
testi-
mony chiefly consisted in detail
shillings per day bettlS litA)lped,
men whim stok, in consequence of two
t dOCaieU filbtlitUtql,
Vat *air pr 19f the Wake-