The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDA MORN INC-3, OCTOBER 21, 1146.

and a magnificent hypocrisy. Ilis pilicy is triumph
ant, solely through the characters traced by a goose-
quill and the perspirstiun of a courier's horie
Where a Grand Monarch had failed, thuugh assiste,,
by the baton of a C034-.^,E, and by the most puissant
despotism, Louis PHILIPPE has succeeded solely by
political masquerading. Where a Great Emperor
had only encountered discomfiture, notwithstanding
the vastness of his dominions, and the heroic audacity
of his veterans, the Monarch of the Barriers has been
victorious through the industry of secretaries and
clerks.

From the appropriateness of the time at which
this Portuguese revolution occurred it is manifest
that much forethought had been expended upon its
arrangement. Everything has been undoubtedly
planned with the utmost precision, and with a scru -
pulous eye to convenience. The Palmella Ministry is
not sacrificed until the espousal of the Spanish INFANTA
is absolutely completed. Not until some direct evi-
dence had been given by events that the French in-
fluence was triumphant in the eastern portion of the
Peninsula was the Liberal Cabinet which recently
administered the affairs of Portugal ousted. Directly,
however, the success of the Bresson plot was mani-
fest, the Councillors of Queen MARIA DA GLORIA are
summarily changed—the well-wishers of the obnoxi-
ous CABRALS, though not the CABRALS themselves,
are inducted to the mysteries of ministerial authority--
PALMELLA and his colleagues, after a brief reign of
somewhere about four months' duration, are expelled
from the official apartments—and a grand Conserva-
tive triumvirate is established at Paris, at Madrid,
and at Lisbon.

While Spain, however, is blessed with a body of
sagacious reformers, and we might almost say, cursed
with an ISTURITZ—PortugaI is, to speak compara-
tively, blessed with a SALDANITA and cursed with a
population of a most tumultuary character, though one,
no doubt, earnestly solicitous for the realisation of its
individual liberty and the preservation of its com-
mon nationality. The resolute protest of Great
Britain, the suppressed indignation of the people, and
the threatened appearance of the Count DE MONTE-
MOLIN augur the most mournful prospects and the
most terrible danger to Spain. With Portugal there
are a variety of circumstances and probabilities equally
unpropitious. Money will be requisite for the carry-
ing on of the new Government, and as specie
cannot exactly be caught like sprats in the Tagus,
an extraordinary taxation must be attempted, and
the effect of that attempt will inevitably be the in-
surrection of the Minho peasantry, and the forma-
tion of legions of refractory guerillas. It is, indeed,
already reported that a rising of that description
has even now taken place, that Das ANTAS is presiding
over the rebellion, and that Oporto is decidedly
inimical to the late movement at the palace of the
Sovereign. Whether these occurrences are actual or
fabulous, it is most certain that the new Administra-
tion in Portugal is erected upon a most insecure foun-
dation, and that, notwithstanding the partial po-
pularity of the Marquis DE SALDANIIA, the
continuance of French domination through the
instrumentality of himself and his colleagues is
most uncertain. One thing is obvious, that the
insidious encroachments of France upon the liber-
ties and independence of other nations are ex-
ceeding all rational limits. The Pyrenees may
be levelled by an adroit intrigue, but_Patriotism when
once aroused forms a barrier infinitely mere difficult
to overcome.

That there exists in this country one law for the
rich and another for the poor is a trite observation,
but albeit this difference tells in the generality of
instances in favour of the rich man, yet there is one
case in which the law gives a great and manifest ad-
vantage to the pauper over his more wealthy fellow-
countryman. It is the case of alleged lunacy. The
certificate of two medical men is not a sufficient war-
rant to authorise the detention of an alleged pauper
lunatic in a madhouse. In the case of the alleged
pauper lunatic there must be instituted that public
preliminary inquiry which we have always contended
ought to be instituted in every case before a British
subject is permanently deprived of his liberty.
The necessity of such preliminary inquiry is abun-
dantly proved by a case which was adjudicated on
by Mr. &CEEB last week, at the Southwark Po-
lice Court. 1

" MARGARET War-ss, an aged woman nearly blind,
alleged to be insane, was brought up from the work-
house of St. George the Martyr, Southwark, for
the rtrrpneo of bciog acne to tho county lunatic
asylum.
" Mr. ROBINiON, the master of the workhouse, ac-
companied by the medical officer of the institution,
attended with the certificate of the woman's insanity,
in order to have the magistrate's signature to the
document preparatory to her admission into the county
lunatic asylum. The alleged lunatic was led into
the Court by an old woman, the nurse of the ward,
of which she was an inmate while in the workhouse,
and while the certificate was being filled up, the
alleged lunatic, who was standing with the nurse in
the body of the Court, began to sob and cry, giving
utterance to words indicative of her distress of mind
in being compelled to enter a mad-house. She fre-
quently exclaimed that she was not insane.
" Mr. SECKER, on hearing the woman's complaints
directed her to be led forward, and on ascending the
witness-box, she exclaimed in a piteous tone of voice,
" For GOD'S sake, gentlemen, do not send me to a
mad-house, for I am not insane, my only misfor-
tunes being destitute and blind." She then pro-
ceeded to state that she formerly had an allowance of
four shillings a week out of the house, but was de-
prived of that, and taken into the workhouse--that
she had been an inmate of the Wandsworth union,
but had been removed thence to St. George's—that
she was comparatively happy in the former place, but
since her admission into the latter she was very much
annoyed and teazed by a girl in the same ward, who
was in the habit of sticking pins into her, and also of
striking her in the face when the nurse's back was
turned ; that in consequence of the species of annoy-
ance to which she had been subjected, she admitted
that she occasionally gave vent to expressions which
she knew it was wrong to do, but which were attri-
butable to the treatment she experienced."
In answer to Mr. SEcKER's inquiry as to the
truth of this statement, the nurse flippantly replied,
" There is no girl who annoys her—it is all false."
This, which would have no doubt perfectly satisfied the
Commissioners of Lunacy, did not, however, satisfy
Mr. SECKFR, and on being pressed, the nurse was
forced to admit that there was a girl in the same ward
with the poor woman, but added she never annoys
her. The alleged lunatic, however, proceeded to
argue her case in the most sane manner possible, and
in the course of her defence she declared that the
master of the workhouse, Mr. RoBINSON, bore some
animosity towards her in consequence of the re-
presentations of this girl. This brought up Mr.
RoniasoN, who indignantly declared it was absurd to
suppose that he could bear animosity towards her.
Of course it was—masters of workhouses hare never
been known to bear animosity to particular paupers
The thing is unheard of.

" Mr. SECKER said that he saw nothing in the
woman's conduct to indicate that she was labouring
under insanity, and that her answers to all questions
put to her there were consistent, and perfectly
rational. Before he signed the certificate for the ad-
mission of the woman into a lunatic asylum he should
wish to witness an instance of her being iu the condi-

tion of mind which the document set forth.
" The surgeon then proceeded to ask the alleged
unatic sundry questions, and amongst them, as to

whether she had not told him, the preceding day,

.hat Mr. ROBINSON was trying to poison her, and tha

she was afraid he would accomplish it if she did not

:ake care ?

" The reply was—l did not tell you so. I com-
plained that I knew he had an animosity against me,

and that he was determined to put me into a mad-
house. She here imploringly besought the magis-
trate not to be a party in sending her to a lunatic

asylum—to a place where she said she would be con-
fined with mad people, and shut out from the society
of all rational human beings.
" Other questions were put to her, all of which she
answered in the same rational manner, exhibiting no
symptom of derangement, but on the contrary, dis-
playing sound sense, and seeming perfectly aware of
the steps that were taken to confine her, if the magis-
trate sanctioned the proceeding, by signing the cer-
tificate of her admission into a lunatic asylum.
" The surgeon said that her answers to the ques-

ra

mo:
die
ma
Pei

tions put to her cn the preceding day were quite irra•
ional, and that it was perfectly IA (41 known persons
••1 •:;ouditi4:.‘7l 1-1!..f.1 ILA lucid in-

:: r ~.,5.

" Mr. SECKER, for his part, could not conceive what
danger there was to be apprehended from a poor old
blind woman—that it was possible that she might
have some unfounded fears with respect to the master
of the workhouse, and perhaps talk extravagantly in the
ward to the other inmates, but that he had seen nothing
in her conduct before him to indicate madness, or
anything approaching to it, and therefore should de-
cline signing any document for her admission to a
lunatic asylum.
" The parties then left the Court."

All honour to Mr. SECKER for his wise, judicious,
and humane decision, which has saved this poor
woman from imprisonment for life, to which, had
she not been a pauper, she would have been inevitably
condemned. It may be said that, had she been im-
properly incarcerated, the Commissioners of Lunacy
would have liberated her. We believe they would have
done no such thing. They would never have taken
the trouble to institute proper inquiries. What was
their conduct in the Heydock Lodge case ? llow
came it that they did not discover the sanity of Mrs.
CUMMING ? Mrs. CUMMING was seized on the 12th
of May, at her own house? and conveyed to York-
house, Battersea, a private asylum for the insane,
where she remained until the 29th of August,
on which day the proceedings before the Com-
mission de Lunatico Inquirendo, which ended in
her liberation us a sane person, commenced.
Did the Commissioners of Lunacy visit York House
during that period ? Did they see Mrs. CUMMING ?
Did they inquire into the state of her mind ? If they
did, how comes it that they failed to discover that
which was so self-evident that Mr. Commissioner
BARLOW ordered her immediate liberation, taking
upon himself the responsibility of dispensing with the
forms usual on such occasions—that Dr. MIL-
LINGEN at once consented to accept Mr. Commissioner
BeaLow's guarantee, and permitted her to leave the
Court with her friends—and that the very parties who
had caused her incarceration, acting under the advice
of some of the most astute lawyers of the day,
accepted from her a deed disposing of her property,
which, if she were insane at the time of its
execution, is ipso facto null and void. Now, how
comes it that the Commissioners, who, in the course
of these four months, must have visited this asylum,
did not discover all this ? Did they neglect their
duty ? Dismissal is the lightest punishment with
which negligence, in such a case, should be visited.
`Were they incompetent to the performance of it ?
The sooner all incompetent public functionaries are
removed the better. At all events, here is a prima
facie case for a Parliamentary inquiry into the
manner in which the Commissioners of Lunacy per-
form their duties. We say Parliamentary inquiry,
for the far-famed Andover case proves that a Home-
office inquiry into the alleged misdoings of Govern-
ment-appointed Commissioners is too often " a
mockery, a delusion, a snare."

Great excuses are to be made for any errors into
which the destitute and impoverished portion of our
Irish brethren may fall at the present trying period
Starving men cannot be expected to reason coolly,
and those who are looking upon their wives and
children crying for the food which it is not in their
power to bestow, will be easily induced by the
advice of unprincipled and reckless characters to
take a part in acts of violence and intimidation,
which they would recoil from under other and more
favourable circumstances. We, therefore, gladly
acquiesced in the propriety of immediate attention
being paid to the wants of the people although the
demands were preferred in an importunate and un-
becoming manner ; and we thought it not unbecoming
on the part of the Executive to pardon and overlook,
or at least not to scrutinize with too curious an eye,
the illegal acts committed by the people when goaded
on by the apathy and neglect of those whose especial
duty it was to take immediate steps for the purpose of
procuring food and employment. At the same time
we pointed out the injurious and demoralising con-
sequences bf yielding to force and intimidation that
which was not administered from motives of charity
and humanity. What, however, could be done ? A
withholding of the employment on public works in
'the district. duty of violence had taken place,
which might -perhaps be the proper way of dealing
-with such delinquencies, would lead to the most
-fearful suffering. It would be tantamount to a
sentence of death on hundreds, a punishment far toe
severe even for the ringleaders and originators of the
'disturbances, but to which an immense number of
:innocent persons would also be subjected ; indeed it
-would fall with greater force on the peaceable and
'timid than on the turbulent and bold ; and the
:greater proportion of the victims would be women
:and children. The demands at first, too, were of the
znost moderate character : a means of earning a scanty
zubsistence by the sweat of their brow was all these
pi lople sought for. One sufficient meal of the plainest
le scription in the twenty-four hours for themselves
d their families, in return for their labour, was in
r a any instances the too modest request of the people ;
a n d it would be indeed cruel and heartless in the ex-
b me to punish such persons with the utmost rigour
of the law for any excesses into which they might
h .e been led. We have already commented upon
tl xe proceedings which took place at Youghal. There
tb e first of the bread riots, as they are termed, took
pl a( :e. On the Monday of the previous week a meet-
in g of the most peaceful character was held ; the
lag 11 ;wage used was temperate, the conduct of all most
or, t Orly. They passed votes of thanks to those who
hac I already afforded assistance, and represented the
-.!ulties in which they were placed, the hardships
thel were suffering under, and implored, with the
gre -a test humility, that immediate employment should
be given. One of their pastors addressed them, and
in I e name of the relief committee stated that within
a v er y few days work should be provided, and every
me: s adopted for the mitigation of their distress ; and
they r • dispersed in peace and quietness, without the
com ission of a single act which the most severe
could censure.
Th. ; golden opportunity however passed away—a
wee k elapsed without any practical step being taken--
and a; ;ain the multitude assembled ; but this time the
dem al id was made in a peremptory and threatening
man n 3r—the people were exasperated at the delay;
they' ' were not to be appeased by promises, but took
forora le possession of the town, which they held for
tvvo , days, plundered the bread shops and provision
store 3, and anarchy and confusion prevailed in the
entis e vicinity. At length the relief committee and
au torities were awakened from their slumbers ;
iate relief was at length afforded, and the labourers
tri q mphed over the gentry, and proved the superior
of E.e acy of acts of outrage and violence to humble
re: 11 anstrance.
he lesson was not lost. It became our painful
duct: rto record acts of disturbance in other and not
di st Int localities. Clashmore, Dungarvan, Castle-
tyr, Fermoy, Kil worth, in their turn were sub.
ject to the visits of riotous mobs. The military
we" e called out in many instances, and hostile
c, Xll isions took place. We have now further painful
ounts from Youghal. The people are no longer
s; it isfied with work ; they seek to dictate to the
o: E cers of the Board of Works the nature of the
rn ployment, and the amount of the remuneration
tl 3e y are to receive for their labour—in fact, a

g st teral turn-out has taken place, and those who
e 7e inclined to work in accordance with the regu-
lf di ons promulgated have been by force obliged to
reli squish labour, and to join the disaffected and tur-
bulent. The labourers marched through the town
sb aldering their spades and shovels; they sought
feet the officers of the Board of Works, but not finding
the n they separated, vowing vengeance against any
ria a who should work at the prescribed rate.

e masons have also turned out for an advance of
ges, and as a necessary consequence the Board of
orks have determined on not commencing any work

them ; the greatest fears are entertained generally
a popular commotion. Such proceedings must be
ninated by the most prompt and vigorous measures.
the people are permitted to indulge in such dicta-
1, and if it is permitted to meet with any success,
s succumbed to in any manner, it will lead to the
;t fearful results, and the entire country will be
urbed with additional and most unreasonable de-
nds, enforced in the most audacious manner. The
.ce of the country depends on the firmness of the

authorities. They must afford employment to the
industrious an,l well-rli•Tosed ; must fully and

inzia,e (1 i ;-...:tesiv r -..,i-1:0 vt ei-rr:v. .;..:Ii

complaint; they must see that e,wr., to
work, shall receive for his labour wages sufficient to
afford a reasonable quantity of food for the supp3rt
of his family. And having thus di:chargcd their
duty, they must see that the majesty of the law is
respected, and that it shall not in any instance be
outraged with impunity, but that the ringleaders of
outrages shall, in every respect, be dealt with accord-
ing to their deserts, and punished for their niiscon-
duct. By such means only can they,hope to over-
come their difficulties, and to preserve the peace and
tranquillity of the nation.

Count STADION, the Governor of Austrian Galicia,
ha issued a proclamation, dated Lemberg, Oct. 6,
which is published in the Silesian Gazette of the Bth,
placing under martial law the whole of Austrian
Galicia, with the exception of Balkowina.

The King of BAVARIA has declared war against
the press. In the last Council of Ministers, held at
Munich, it was resolved to follow the example given
by the Duchy of Brunswick, and suppress all
journals. All authorisations to publish journals in
Bavaria are to be revoked after the Ist of January,
1847, and on that day the Government will publish
a daily State Gazette of a large six?, which is to be
the only journal that is to appear in Bavaria.
-111:a
A letter from Rome, Oct. 9, says—

" The examination which has just been made by order
of the Pope into the state of the prisons throughout the
Roman states shows that they contain upwards of
54,000 condemned prisoners, or nearly two per cent. of
the whole population. Their support costs so much the
more on the one hand, as by ancient usage they are
every day furnished with ample rations of bread and
wine ; and on the other, the public works, which our
Government has to execute, are not sufficient to employ
the twentieth part of the galley slaves. In order to de-
liver the Roman finances from a part of the immense
expense which the support of these men necessitates, the
Government has decided to set at liberty all the prisoners
condemned to five years' punishment and under, and to
urge on with the utmost activity the nego►iations already
commenced with France for the purpose of establishing
in Algeria, as colonists, our forcats condemned to twenty
years' hard labour or upwards."

Intelligence has been received from Lisbon to the
12th, one day later than the news published yester-
day. The garantia has been suspended, as well as
the publication of the journals, and the partisans of
the corrupt Cabral Administration have been all
restored to office. The large armed force collected
in Lisbon, which is officered exclusively by Ca-
bralista partisans, keeps the capital quiet, but the pro-
vinces are preparing for a vigorous resistance.
The Duke of TERCEIRA, who had been sent by the
new Government to Oporto, to restore the Cabralista
regime in that city, was arrested immediately on his
landing, and Viscount DAs ANTAS, who was in com-
mand of the troops in the northern provinces, has
proclaimed the Prince Royal as King, under the title
of Don PEDRO V., the Viscount taking upon himself
the office of Regent provisionally.

Madrid papers of the 13th have been received.
The Heraldo declares that an amnesty will shortly
be published.

The QUEEN and the King Consort, accompanied
by the Queen-Mother, and the Duke and Duchess of
MONTPENSIER, attended the theatre on the evening of
the ]2th, and were well received. The Duke DE
MONTPENSIER and the INFANTA leave Madrid for Paris
on the 24th inst.

The Tiempo says that Mr. BULWER has no'
attended the Court since the marriage.

The Madrid Bolsa continued closed.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday.
The Ministerial papers, the Moniteur Parisien and
the Journal des Debats, contain articles on the Mont-
pensier marriage, intended to prove that that marriage
is not a violation of the treaty of Utrecht. Now, it
is not so contended in the English protest, as we read
it, because if it were, the contracting of the marriage
itself would be a casus bell. The contention of the

English Government is, that by the treaty of

Utrecht the issue of that marriage are in-
capable of succeeding to the Crown of Spain.
The argumeDts, therefore, of the French Ministry
are completely beside the question ; and the cases
produced of marriages contracted during the period
the sureozeion to the Spaninh Crown waa regulated
by the Salic law, as established by Plum, V., are
not cases in point.
The recent counter-revolution in Portugal is
attributed by most of these journals to the intrigues
of M. GuizoT. It is somewhat remarkable that the
Marquis of SALDANLIA should have visited Paris
immediately after the accession of the Duke of
PALMELLA, that no sooner does the Marquis SAL-
DANIIA arrive in Lisbon than SILVA CABRAL quits
Spain for Paris, and that on the arrival of SILVA
CABRAL in Paris, the coup d'etat takes place in
Portugal.
In commenting on Portuguese affairs, the Siecle
says—
" The news of the counter-revolution which took
place on the 6th, in Portugal, is hailed by the Ministe-
rial journals of Spain with a very imprudent joy. In
this reaction these journals behold a complete return to
the 'monarchical order, and a very significant check to
English influence. The revolution menaced the charter
of Dom Pedro; but it is well known that this charter is
the work of England—that it was taken to Portugal by
Lord Stuart de llothesay, and, finally, that when
it was in danger from Dom Miguel, ten thou-
sand soldiers, under the orders of General Clinton, left
London precipitately for Lisbon. Not only this con-
stitution is dear to the English by its origin, but by the
clause which establishes religious toleration, and opens
the door to Protestant missionaries. Thy Duke de
Palmella is the head of the English party in Portugal,'
but he had for colleagues men little disposed in favour
of British influence. Besides, the circumstances under
which this counter-revolution has taken place ought to
be borne in mind. England affirms that the marriage
of the Duke of Montpensier will excite a rising
in Spain, and it throws on the French Government
the responsibility of the events
_which, she asserts,
it provokes by her ambitious policy. An alliance
between the Carlists and the Progressists is not pos-
sible ; but the same cannot be said of an alliance between
the Spanish Progressists and the Portuguese Liberals.
Does not the counter-revolution of October 6 present a
pretext for this alliance ? And if civil war bursts out,
will not England find means to force the French Go-
vernment to an intervention full of perils, or to an act
of baseness which would have the effect of disconsider-
ing it in Europe ? Is it very certain that the Duke de
Palmella has fallen fairly in seeking to extend liberty in
Portugal ? Has not this diplomatist, who sees no safety
for his country except in the patronage of Great Britain,
acted upon the counsels of Lord Ilowin d de Walden ?
These are suppositions which should be paid attention to
more than the organs of the Spanish Government seem
inclined to do."

The France is not one whit more favourable to M.
GUIZOT. It thus comments on the consequences
likely to arise from the very clever line of policy
which M. GuizoT is pursuing :
" The Ministerial revolution in Portugal is confirmed
by the letters which we have just received. The pro-
clamation signed by Donna Maria, and addressed to
the Portuguese people, haves no doubt of the real
character of this coup d'etat. It is certainly a re-
action in favour of the Cabral party, or rather of the
doctrinaire policy of France. The arrival of M.
Carreira, the Portuguese Ambassador, at Paris, would
of itself be sufficient to confirm us in this opinion.
M. Guizot and the Reactionists of Lisbon have not,
undoubtedly, seen how brutally clumsy is this mode
of acting. On one hand, public opinion in Por-
tugal is manifestly opposed to that pretended Moderado
party which it not long since overturned, at the time of
the revolution against the Cabrals. In the second place,
the British influence, against which the late movement
has been directed has become deeply rooted in Portugal.
If, then the elements of the last revolution but one have
not ceased to subsist in Liston, if the anti-English
influence has lost nothing of its reality, what can M.
Guizot, what can the Portuguese Reactionists hope
for from the new coop d'itut? Not only is this reaction
,but,eeinopportunea e
in ouffreeotped:nion,
revealst h e
the abruptness
in ost
com-
plete with
which it has b
unskilfulness. M. Guizot, we aro all aware,
expects to derive a great political profit from
this event in the present state of things. He already
dreams of a grand alliance between Fiance and the Pe-
ninsula, united under the same network of action, and
fused together by a common political responsibility.
This hope, it must be allowed, is somewhat vain. The
community of interests between us and the Peninsula
cannot be of a nature to lend us a serious support, a
real force, in the great differences which now hang over
Europe. With so slight a help, we should run a great
risk of playing the parts of persons disdained, and of
seeing ourselves unceasingly humiliated by the different
cabinets. In a word, it would be to add new mystifica-
tions to those of the past. It is not at a moment so
solemn for us, when the gravest conflicts and difficul-
ties present themselves in the political horizon, that the
French Cabinet ought to devote its efforts to the petty
success of intrigues like that which it appears to have
obtained in Lisbon. Our necessary support is not to be
found on that side. It remains to be seen if a Govern-
ment which has issued from the revolution of H3O can
find it elsewhere."
The Moniteur publishes a royal ordinance, grant.

ing to the Secretary of State fur Foreign Affairs a I
sum ,f 200.000 francs (.8 00(1. Fterliv) for eytraor-

Passage de I'Opera, at 62f. 65e.

e

MARSEILLES,
- - -
D 1 OCT. 14.—Marseilles and Avignon, 902 f.
50c. ; Northern, 710 f.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, OCTOBER 19.
Demerara, 2%—Dutch Rhenish, s%—East Indian, 'A Great
Western Bengal, --Italian and Austrian, —Luxembourg, 114
--Namur and Liege, 3%,--Northern of France Constituted, 12%
Orleans and Bordeaux, B—Paris and Orleans, 47%—l'aris and Rouen,
3(3l4—Sambre and AI euse. 434.

THE CASINO, ADELAIDE
GALLERY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN:
SIR,—In your paper of 'Thursday evening, under the
head of Pol ce reports " Bow-street." A young man
applied to Mr. Hall for advice for being turned out of
tt.e Adelnide Gallery by the check taker, and called a
;hief tied rogue, &c.; which report is incorrect. He
was removed by the police oll,er, and his money re-
turned. May 1, therefore, request you will correct 019
same as respects myself. Your compliance will oblige,
your obedient servant, _

T. BENNETT, Check-taker.

HORN FAIR.-

This scene of popular amusement was held on Monday,
according to ancient custom, in the healthful and plea-
sint village of Charlton. In former times it was gene-
rally distinguished by riot and obscenity. Some of the
worst class in London made parties to carry out the
vulgar joke of f:orn u ted husbands and wives. Horn
Fair (the common name) is now changed to Charlton
Fair, and the visitors, more enlightened than their au-
cesters, seldom indulge in those disorderly tranactions
which bore the stigma of indecency. It was formerly a
mart for various sorts of utensils made of horn, and tra-
dition ascribes the origin to King John. An amour car-
ried on by that licentious and infamous Prince with the
wife of an honest miller was the foundation of the fair.
John, surprised by the enraged husband, would have
perished under the uplifted dirk of the miller, had he
not saved his life by promising to redress the injury.
The compensation was a grant of all the land
the miller could see westward from . the top
of his mill. Agreeable to the royal donation,
a fair was to be held annually, on St. Luke's-day, for
ever. Such is the oral account of the fair from yi ar to
year, and there is, we believe, at the present cir.y, an
aquatic custom at Cuckold's-point, where it is said the
mill stood, which bears out the story. The waterman,
as he passes the stairs, or landing-place, frequently tells
his fare that a spider is crawling on his hat. The per-
son naturally takes it off his head, and then Old Charon,
with a laugh, requests he will put it on again, having
properly paid his respects to the Horns at Cuckold's
Point. The fair is proclaimed at the noble mansion
now in the occupation of Sir T. M. Wilson. This beau-
tiful building was erected by Sir Adam Newton, Lord of
the Manor, and preceptor to Henry Prince of Wales, son
of James I. It forms, with the curious church at Charl-
ton, two of the most striking features in that quiet and
picturesque village. Every preparation was made at the
Bugle Horn, and other respectable inns, to accommodate
company. The vehicles from town were numerous, and
the parties found in the bustle and good cheer around
them all they could desire. Most of the houses were
adorned, as usual, with the flowers of the season—dahlias
arranged in fl,zures gave a floral effect which the visitors
admired. Toys, and articles for the juveniles, were sold
in the inclosure in which the fair is held. The heavy
rains which have recently fallen proved a check upon
the sports of the visitors.

THE NEW GOVERNOR OF THE CAPE OF GOOD
HOPE.—Major-General Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., the
newly appointed Governor of the Cape of Good Ilope,
has, with Lady Pottinger and family, arrived at his man-
sion in Eaton-place, and is now engaged in making the
necessary arrangements for departure. Lady Pottinger
and the family purpose remaining in England for the
present.
THE ARMY.—THE FIRST LirE GUARDS.—It is
stated in military circles that the Hon. Colonel Caven-
dish, of the Ist Life Guards, is shortly about to retire
from the Lieutenant. Colonelcy of that regiment, and
that he will be succeeded by the Earl of Cardigan, Lieu
tenant-Colonel of the 11th (Prince Albert's Own) Hus-
sars, by purchase.
METROPOLITAN IMPROVEMENTS.—On Monday the
range of buildings extending from the Hal of Com-
nv,rce to the corner of Threadneedle-'street, and thence
down Broad-street, were sold by public auction, by
Messrs. Fuller and Son, the auctioneers. Among the
lots sold were 500,000 stock bricks. The ground will
be speedily cleared, and measures taken to render mere
commodious these important approaches to the Royal
Exchange. The formation of the new street from Hol-
born-brrdge to Clerkenwell proceeds slowly, and the
traffic is but small, as the road is at present carried to no
important place.

tau LIZARD.—The fishermen of Cadgwith, who
have this season been employed in the shell fishery, sus •
tained a heavy loss on account of the late stormy
weather. Their store pots were well filled with fish, ex-
pecting to make a good return ; but the violence of the
sea made them a complete wreck, which blasted their
anticipations and left many families to mourn over their
loss. Last week some very catches of hook fish
were brought on shore, of an excellent quality,
and met with a ready sale. At present the
weather is not favourable to the fishery here. On Sa-
turday there were some small shoals of pilchards seen in
the bay, which encourages us to believe that they have
not left the coast. There is an expectation indulged
that when the weather moderates the seans will be put to
sea again. On Sunday night the sea ran so violent here
that it was necessary to call many who had retired to
rest for the purpose of preserving the boats.—Falmouth
Packet.

DEATH OF THE HAannoN WITCH,—On the morn-
ing of Thursday, the Bth instant, the window-shutters of
a cottage in East Hartburn, near Stockton-on-Tees,
which had been occupied several years by an old woman
of the name of Mary Newton, alias Fenny, alias the
Harbron Witch, were observed to be open at the usual
hour, but no witch made her appearance. Her neigh-
bours, whose fears were excited by the circumstance,
shortly afterwards effected an entrance into the premises,
when they found the unfortunate woman lying dead upon
the floor, having apparently dropped down in a fit and
instantly expired. Deceased was eighty-nine years of
age, of a very eccentric character, but remarkably in-
dustrious, and was possessed of money, which she had
put out at interest. Gold and silver to a considerable
amount are also said to have been found secreted in her
humble abode.—Durham Advertiser.

DESTRUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE BY
FIRE.—MAIDSTONE, OCT. 17.—The night before last a
disastrous fire broke out on the farm premises of Mr.
Allchin, of Linton, near this town. Mr. Allchin was
from home at the time, but one of his neighbours wit-
nessed at a distance the first burst of the flames, and
hastened to give the alarm. The most laudable alacrity
was at once evinced by all within hail to render assist-
ance, none being more assiduous or daring in their
efforts to stop the ravages of the flames than thelabourers,
especially those in Mr. Allehin's employ, many of
-them exposing themselves to imminent peril by ascend-
ing to the top of the burning stacks and attempting to
tread out the flames, until the fire acquired such an
ascendancy that they had no time to descend by the
ladders, but were obliged to throw themselves off prezi-
pitately to avoid being consumed. An engine from
Maidstone was quickly on the spot, but all efforts to
stay the destruction were in vain—upwards of 160
quarters of wheat and 100 loads of straw falling a
prey to the devouring element. Fortunately Mr. All-
chin is insured.

FATAL ACCIDENT. Two LIVES LOST. —On
Thursday morning, during a heavy storm, two men, be
longing to the " Moorsome" engine, employed in bring-
ing coals down Mr. Powell's branch, sought shelter from
the rain under the engine which stood at the junction of
this branch with the main trunk of the Taff Vale Rail-
way. While thus resting in apparent security, the Red-
mine train came up, and in consequence either of the
pointers having been turned wrong, or a stone impeding
their movement, left the main line, and went up the
main branch, shivered to pieces the other engine, and so
severely injured the two men that they have since died.
The driver and stoker of the Redwine train, foreseeing
the consequence of the misdirection of the pointers, had
the presence of mind to jump off the engine, and escaped
unhurt.—Monmouthshire Merlin.
Dr. John Thomson, late Professor of Pathology in
Edinburgh University, died in the vicinity of that city
last week. He was in his 82d year, was a native of
Paisley, and about ton years since, from ill health and
increasing years, resigned his Professorship. His pub-
lished works are not many. the principal one being a
translation of "Fourcoy's Elements of Chemistry."
MIDDLESEX REGISTRATION.—Mr. Shadwell held
his court on Monday at the King's Head, Enfield, for the
revision of the parish lists of Edmonton, Enfield, Friern
Barnet, Hatfield, South Mims, and Tottenham. Mr.
W. H. James attended for the Liberal party, and Mr. J.
Payne for the Conservatives. No case cf public interest
occurred during the day. The rent-charges made through
the agency- of the League in this district were retained.
The Court sits this day at the Black Dog, Bedfont.
The President of the Manchester Reform Associa-
tion, Mr. John Potter, it is stated declined to form one
of the deputation appointed to wait upon Mr. Bright.
We learn that Mr. Potter has since tendered his resigna-
tion of the office of President, on the ground that he
cannot cordially concur in the nomination of Mr. Bright
as the future candidate of the borough.
MUNIFICENT DONATION.--Her Majesty the Queen
Dowager having been informed by Mr. Alderman
a r i
Isl
bf
,
Hughes Hughes that Sandown Church, in the p
Brading, Isle of Wight (the scene of the labours of theo
late Rev. Legh Richmond), erected at a cost of 2,0 is waiting for consecration solely from a deficiency
2001., has generously transmitted to that
gentleman ofa donation of 20/. towards supplying such deficiency.
SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION.—Mr. Gould,tllena
turalist, who was some years absent on au ornithological
tour in New Zealand and Australia. is about to leave
England on an expedition to Guatemala, and other parts
of central America, in order to explore the natural his-
tory of those regions.
CAMDEN TOWN STATION OF THE LONDON AND
NORTH-WESTERN.—Large as this station is, it is en-
tirely inadequate for the immenseatraffic carried en
I3x
there, upon the authority of Mr.erdale. It is 22
acres in extent, and quite insufficient, says another
carrier, Mr. Hayward. The general route into the city
is from this station. The area of the station is 30 acres,
according to Messrs. Creed and Glyn, the secretary and
chairman, rather more than one-half of which is appro-
priated to roads and approaches. In addition to this
space, Messrs. Pickford have about two acres for their
own use. It is very difficult to enlarge the station.
Total number of waggons standing
morning
at this station at half-
past three o'clock in theof the 30th April,
1846, was 591. This station is not laid out with regard
to 004110iniiing space.

MONEY and COMM ERC L WS.
Urr,•ll "1-7,? of T.n,

To Ric

. P. -,,
Alli 11 ~ile.:, I),A ;i:•'l..tlits.lt.: .U.;.,.)1,:1_,.. Diu , -',. , ,il
higher, and Brazil and Surat were sold at extreme
rates.—Shares were rather quiet.
The sale of railway shares to day, at Messrs. Lomond
and Co.'s, went off well. West Ridings, North Staffords,
South Wales, East Indians, &c., are firm. The following
are a few of the principal sales:—
East Indian
Louvain ala Sambre •• 0 15 0
Manchester and Southampton
North British,Quarters... 3 5 6
Eastern Counties, York Extension 1 18 0
Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham
Cornwall and Devon Central
Liverp. Manch. and Newcastle-upon-Tvne 1 10 G
Paris and Lyons 5 9 0
Manchester, Sheffield, & Midland Junet 4 17 6
London and Blackwall
South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4 2 15 0
Caledonian, Halves
East Lincolnshire
Paris and Bonen
Sambre and Mettcle
Great Eastern and Western 0 17 0
Oxford, Witney, and Cheltenham
Boston, Newark, and Sheffield . 0 15 0
Northern and Southern Connecting
Great Northern of France Constituted
Madrid and Valencia.. 1 2 0

Several of the ships., ners and merchants •annected
with the principal poi is of the United Kingdom have
just formed a plan for extending the whale and seal
fisheries by British vessels. It is perfectly well known
that America, by a combination of circumstances, has of
late years outstripped us in consequence of
heavy losses individually sustained by those
British shipowners who have prosecuted the employment.
An institution similar to the one now proposed has been
already established abroad. "It is a vulgar error to
suppose (states the prospectus) that the ocean can be
depopulated, and in fact whales were never more abun-
dant than at present in the Arctic regions. The true
cause is, however, plain and indisputable. The trade
has proved unprofitable to individuals, simply because
by individuals it has almost necessarily been prosecuted
on too limited a scale." Accounts annually ceivt d
have afforded information of the great decrease of the
fisheries, but we were hardly prepared to find so large a
diminution of our shipping engaged in the trade or so
great an increase in that of the United States. From
official documents the results of experience and esti-
mates may be succinctly given as follow:
" So recently as the year 1821, the British whale
fisheries gave employment to 323 ships, of which 159
were engaged in the northern, and 164 in the southern
fishery. The total number now employed is only 85,
the northern fishery having dwindled to 44, and the
southern to 41 vessels. Simultaneously with this rapid
decline in the most enterprising branch of our commerce,
the whale fishery of the United States has advanced with
almost equal rapidity ; the number of American whaling
ships, which in 1834 was 431, having increased in 1845
to no less than 735—a contrast as remarkable as it must
appear humiliating to the first maritime nation of the
world."

Should the undertaking succeed, as no doubt it must,
a large additional employment will be given to the
shipping interest and to the mariners of Great Britain.
There are not any advices from the British colonies
to-day.
A large amount of business has been transacted in the
British Securities to-day, especially for Money. Console
for Account have been quoted only at 9.51, for Money at
94k, the Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities at 934 to
94, and the New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. at
951. The premium upon Exchequer-bills remains at
13s. to 164. Bank Stock is dull at 20.51. India Stock
has been sold at 257 k.
The constant changes in the Ministry of Portugal
give a considerable instability to the value of the Stock
of the country. To-day the prices are a trifle better-
-421 to 43 for the Account. The only business worth
notice to-day in the Foreign Market is, in Spanish at
••-64 Q, in the Three per Cents. at 374 8, in Brazilian at
Sq, in the Dutch Two-and-a-Hall per Cents. at 5.9 i,
and in the Four per Cent. Certificates at 91k.
In the Railway Share Market a good deal of business
has been transacted. The latest price sat which pro-
perty of this kind has changed hands to-day are
annexed.

ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'(:LOCIC. PRIM+
Bank Stock 906% 205% 205%
3 per Cent. Reduced Anns 94 93% 94
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 95 94g 94%
New 314 per Cent. Annuities 455/8% 95
New 5 per Cent. Annuities 119 119
Long Annuities toexpire Jan.lB6o 9 15-16 13-16 9 15-16
Ditto 30 years, Oct. 10,1859
Ditto 30 years, Jan. 5,1860 lO 1-16 10 1-16
India Stock 957% 259%
South Sea Stock —

Ditto New Annuities ... 9414 9414
Consols for Nov. 26... 951/8 9516
Exchequer Bills, 1,0004 11,0. l3 16 pm. 16
Ditto 5001.
Ditto Small
CLOSING
PRICES
86%
87

03CE
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK
Brazilian Bonds
Danish Bonds, 1825, 3 per Cent —
'
Mexican 5 per Cent. 1846 —
Ditto. Account — 231/2
Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent .. 4212 43
Ditto, Account 421/, 43 421/i
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
Ditto, Passive
Ditto. 3 per Cent 37:yi 7/8 374 '
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch, 21A per Cent .
Ditto. 4 per Cent. Certificates 91!4 92

PRICES Or BT_TSINESS DONE CLOSING
HALLWAY SHARES PAID.
Aberdeen
20
••••••••••••••
Amber.. Nott. Bost--

and Eastern J i"' unc°tsitoT 2%.. ... 23/4 3is
Armagh, Coleraine, and
Portrush l%
Aylesbury and Thame.. 1%
. .
Belfast & County Down el ......... . --
Birmin. and Gleucester..loo .....
Ditto New....... .
.....x.-
. 17% ...... ••••
Birmingham and O
ford Junction ......... 2
Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire June.... 23/ _
Boston, Stamfd, & Birm. 225.
Bristol and Exeter 75
Ditto, New
Bristol and Gloucester... 30 ------ ---• —
Bristol and Liver. June.. 21/2 .....
Buckinghamshire
Caledonian -
Ditto Half Shares...... 214 — •• • .••• .....
Ditto Extension ... -• 2%. . -
Cambrian & Grand June 42s
Chester
Holyhead...Bytt 227 i
_22.1/4
.
eC 1
Cheltenhamli eu sr nt eer taaannn ddd
aManchesternd Oxford
22 s .
Clydesdale Junction.....
i ion.an. .4.. 20
Cork,
Passages
Cork and Killarney ... 212
Waterford ...
51
_('' ork—
Cornwallan 4
C...
voe Drrnbi tvvt ao4l Hd&acCi f;eiSharesDevon
..I.
222
%I:0s ......
11 %

2314
114

1%-.

Direct Lincoln, East Ret-
ford, and ShetTd. J enc. 2% —
Direct Northern
Direct Norwich
Dublin and Belfast June lO
Dublin, Belfast, and
Coleraine
...............
Dublin
and Galway... .. 4
.....
..........
......
trs
6i.
y: ....
......................
6271111:2)
Dundalk & ,Enniskillen 10
EesternCoinaties 14/. 16s
Ditto New
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, No. 6/. 13s. 4d — ........
Ditto ditto. No. 2... Gl. 13s. 4d --.....................
Do., York Extension.. 2
EastDereh'in andNor'ch 1
"""'•••••••Eastern Union 35
............
Ditto, Quarter Shares
......
.
Do. Exten.(Harwich)
......
.. ........ .
Do., Camb. and Ely 214 ... ......
......•. .... East Lancashire
Ditto, New
East Lincolnshire
... 1 ............
East & West of England 1%......
...........
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50
Ditto Half Shares 10 —
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12%...... ...
Edinburgh & Northern.. 10 ...... : .............
Edinburgh and Perth... 3 ..... .............
Ely and Huntingdon ... 7% ...... 6 ....
Enniskillen and Sligo ... 21/2 ......
Exeter,Yeovil,& Dorset
Glasgow, Kilmar.,& Ayr 50.......5
.....
Ditto,
New
Do., 14 Shares (5 per ..............

--
1 v 2

3/ n

3%

18V,

_
cent. guar.) ... ... .... 12% ......
Glouc.,Abei ystwith, and
Central of Wales ...... 16 ......
Goole, Doncaster, &c.
..428 .. A ..
....
Grand Union (Notting- -
-
I' dis. par ...
and Lynn ... ............ 1% ......
Great Eastern &Western 21/2...... •-• ••• ••
GreatGrimsby and Shef-
field ............ ... ...... 10
• Great South. and 'West. •.•• • ”....•••
(Ireland) ............... 271% —
Great Munster......., .. 21/
Great North of Scotland 21/2.--
Great North of England..loo 238
Ditto New . 5
Ditto, New . l5 ——
Ditto, New
Great Western B5 139% 139%
Ditto % Shares
Ditto 1% Shares
Ditto Fifths
Ditto, New ... 2
Harwich and Eastern
Counties Junction ... 2 ......
Hull and Selby
Ditto 1% Shares
Do. Half Shares 25
Ipswich & Bury St. Edm. 11% —
Do., dr ,and Norwich 2 %..._.
Killarney Junctions ll4 ....--
Kendal and Windermere 114 —
Lancaster and Carlisle... 45
Do. New
Lame, Belfast, and Bal-
lymena
Leeds and Bradford....., 30
Leeds and Carlisle
...
Leicester & Birmingham 22s — . .......
Leicester and Bedford.... ...
Bedford... 225.
N
Leeds and Dewsbury ...ew 22%
Lpool., Mncbstr &
castle Junction ...... 2% ...... _
Liverpool and Bury ... 14 .. .. _
London and Blackwall. 16/. 13s. 4d. 9
Do. New ............... 3 .. -- ...... •• • •
Ditto Extension .„... 7% ........
...
...... •••
London, Brighton, and
South coat 50 .. ... 593 f) 60 59% .. 60

7

793/
•./4