The Sun.
London, England, 1848-09-01 00:00:00

IREL AND.

DUBLIN, THURSDIY.---The roprts Cr the crops 112-
ceived by this morning's mail eontinuo, on the whole, to
-be favourable; and they iieatly all eoncnr in represent-
ing the failure of the potato as b.ling only partial. The
weather here.-although occasionally indicating a change,
remains dry and genial. • •
THE FUGITIVE LEADERS.—The=Lime,zck E.zartiner
states that a gentleman_ residing on the Continent has
written to a party in Limerick to state that ho met
Messrs. O'Gorman, O'Donnell, and Doyle, in Brus.els,
an 3 that the first-named was about to set out for Paris.

GOVERNMENT LOANS TO RAILWAYS.—At • the half-
yearly meeting, yesterday, of the Dublin and Belfast
Junction Railway Company, the chairman announced
that a reply had been reeeisTd from LDrd John Russell
to an application for a loan to carry out the works at
present in progress, His Lordship's answer was nth-
vourable, the Noble Lord sating, that in the present
position of the Treasury and the coYintry he cou'd not
adc Parliament for the sum required; but he added; that
when it became necessary', from the sty.° of the cousttry,
to call Parliament together to consider whether any
fund should be placed at tar: it disposal to be expended
upon the .ceuutry, the application made by the directors
of that railway would be entevained in conjunction with
the applications of other railways.
THE LATE COLLISIO.7,.V. AT SEA.

The Belfast Chronicle has the subjoined account of the
collision between the Prince of Wales steamer and the
sloop Janet :
" We greatly regret to have to record the occurrence
of a melaneholy acci lent which bofel this beautiful and
splendid steamer on her passage from this port to Fleet-
wood on Friday night last, whereby three lives have
been lost, and much property damaged and destroyed.
The Prince of Wales left the Queen's Quay on Friday
evening shortly after six o'clock, on her voyage to Fleet-
wood, having a considerable number of cabin passen-
gers, a large freight of live stock, consisting principally
of black cattle, and a good many deck passengers, in-
cluding several men in charge of the stock. She was
proceeding on her way at her usual rapid speed, her
lights being all up, a good look out kept forward, and all
prudent precautions observed by her vigilant and
careful commander, and about one o'clock eat.
was abreast the Point of Ayr, the northernmost
extremity of the Isle of Mtn, being then well inshore
on her regular course to the English coast. The morn-
ing was very dark, when suddenly a vessel was seen
bearing down under all canvas right in the way of the
steamer, without any lights up, or any notice taken of
those on board the Prince. From the close proximity of
the two vessels, and in spite of the exertions of the cap-
tain and crew of the steamer, who stopped the engines
and strove by every means to render themselves heard,
without effect, a fearful collision took place, the shop
(the Jane, bound, as we understand, from Liverpool to
Glasgow, with a cargo of flour and sugar) striking the
Prince of Wales on the weather-bow with immense force,
carrying away the bulwarks from the bowsprit right aft
to within a few feet of the larboard paddlebox, and
making a large hole in the bow, extending from the
deck nearly to the water edge. 'I he utmost consterna-
tion and alarm of course prevailed; but, owing to the
steadiness and calm gallantry of Captain APNeilage
and his crew, confidence was soon restored, and,
as the only resource under the circumstances, the ship,
which was rapidly filling, was run ashore a little to the
southward of the Point of Ayr lighthouse, where she
now remain.. All the passengers save three were safely
landed. These three, who were cattle-dealers, being
asleep below in their berths in the fore-cabin, unhappily
perished in the sudden rush of water consequent upon
the ship's bows being stove in. The cattle, at least a
large proportion of them, swam ashore, and are in all
likelihood in safe keeping; and it is hoped that the
vessel herself, if the weather continues mcwlerate, may
be got off. We are happy► to learn 'that she is amply
insured, and that uo want of accommodation is likely
to be felt either by shippers of goods or by passengers
from this untoward and unfortunate accident. The Fe-
nella, a very commodious -and handsome steamer, is al-
ready on the berth, to supply temporarily the Prince's
place; and the sallings between thi; and Fleetwood will
go on with the same punctuality and 'regularity as here-

_
tofore."
TOTAL Loss OF THE SHIP WILLIAM PENN.—OH
the night of Friday, the 25:h inst., the ship William
Penn, of St. John's, New Brunswick, r.nd bound from
thence to Greenock with a, cargo of timber, owing to the
heavy fog, ran ashore in Dunlough Bay, situate between
the Mizen and the Three Castle Ili:ad. The keel and
stern were almost immediately carried sway, and several
of the balks floated out of her. hopes were still enter-
tained that she might be towed off by a steamer, till
about twelve o'clock on Saturday night, when she
became a total wreck. The crew, amounting to 27 in
number, saved themselves by man of a ladder, which
they rested against the side of the cliff. Very little of
the property can be saved, owii:g to the steep cliff.; over-
hanging that wild bay, and also to the heavy swell which
continu illy rolls iu there, and which 'effe.otually prevents
any small boats approaching the shore, except in the
finest weather.

STATE OF THE CORN TRADE.

BIR•SIINGuAM, AuG. 30.—At Gloucester market, on

THE METROPOLITAN COURT or

SE TER z.
Yesterday a Court of Sewers was held at the Coie•
tnittee-rooal of the Hotise of Commons, which was un-
derstood to be the last court which will bo-held except
for pro forma business, before the new Act authorising a
consolidated commission with increased powers, and for
an, extended district, will come into operation. Viscount
Morpeth took the chair. There were pre- ent, also, the
Dean of Westminster, Mr. E. Chadwick, Dr. Southwood
Smith, Mr. Bidwell, Mr. R. Hu:ton, the Rev. W. Stone,
and other Commissioners.

Lord MORPETIi said, that as a Bill had passed both
Houses of Parliament for consolidating and extending
the Metropolitan Commissions, and enabling them to
carry out such measures of sanitary improvement as
were submitted to them, with economy and efficiency
and increased convenience to the public, he thought it
due to observe that the fact of a new Bill having

passed without a shadow of opposition was to be
considered a tribute to the zeal and ability with :which

the present Commissioners had exercised the imper-
fect powers of the separate commission. They hod been
seven months in office. He had rFquested a statement
to be made of their proceedings, of which the f,llowing
might be taken as a recapitulation of the public infor-
mat:on :—" The Commissioners at once, and throughout

the whole of the districts, stopped the current Expendi-
ture on works which had b-en proved to be false iu prin-
ciple and worse than wasteful in money. They speedily
put an end to the improper system of mixing up private
professional practice with the public service, and re-
solved that every paid officer should give bis whole time
to his public duties, and by consolidating the executive
machinery of paid officers for all the districts they in-
creased the available force at a diminished rate of ex-
pense. They are, however, sensible of the additional
labours they have thrown upon some of these officers, and
of the zeal and ability with which they have been
performed; and it will be their wish that these cir-
cumstances should not be permanently left out of
consideration. On the very first day that they as-
sembled, namely, on the 6th of December, they took
steps to obtain an authentic and accurate survey
of the whole of the metropolis in one uniform plan, to
put a stop to the waste which had been incurred by
works carried on in separate districts, without regard to
any common system of levels. The Commissioners re-
gret that they have had to expend much time in over-
coming difficulties in the way of this work, which was
not effectively commenced until the beginning of June.
Upwards of 250 men are_now engaged in it, and it is

going forward with satisfactory speed. The new Act,
now about to come into force, will give authority for
completing it fully, and for engraving it on such scales
as to be applicable to other important purposes, private
as well as public. It will then be a valuable aid in all
new buildings, it will serve for the identification and va-
luation of property, and for the equal assessment of
rates; for the construction of roads, for the distribution
of water and gas, and for other public objects. In the
suburban districts it will facilitate land drainage and
agricultural improiements. Until this work is completed,
the Commissioners will not be able to decide on the
practical measure for the introduction of amended
drainage works. They are fully sensible of the deplorable
condition in which the population of extensive districts
arc kept during this delay, anti to expedite the work
they have reduced it in the first instance to the minimum
required for immediate and pressing purposes, and hate
postponed the consideration of all others. The survey of
the denser districts is promised in the course of a few.

months.
" Concurrently with this survey of the surface of the
streets and open spaces of the metropolis, they have
directed a subterranean exploration of the various sewers
and old subterranean draining works, to escertain their
extent and condition, and how far they may be available '
for future works. The Commissioners gave their first
attention to immediate measures of relief to the worst
conditioned places. They introduced a new mode of
emptying cesspools, by which the offensiveness of the
operation is diminished, the time reduced to one-sixth,
and the expense to one-third. The adoption of this pro-
cess was voluntary, and it was employed to more than
1,000 places with the same favourable results. The •
Commissioners have considered and prepared instil:ice
itni
to fffeocr
t by processesvoluntary of cleansing
associations
ciati
ownhs i cah m n
dpay ri
vbaet e cianrdr
iive
id.:
duals. These are now in course of circulation, and they
utshheiy ng d;ireuclties dha the are preparing others of the same character. As one
means of cleansingrelief,ebeexentecnasrivreiedout
on
the sewers by
miles of the worst conditioned sewers, and upwards of
o 1603 f
139,000 cube yards, or about 200,500 tons of refuse have
been removed at a saving of 33,0004 above former
charges. This, however, could only affect the sewers,
which comprise one-fourth only of the noxious evapo-
rating surface of a district, one-fourth being constituted,
by the cesspools, and two fourths, or one-half, being the
surface cf ill-constructed house drains (ehero there are
any). But, in general, even the diminution that has
been made in this fourth has been sensibly and bene-
ficially felt. The Commissioners have not been able
fully to effect the operations as they would have wished.
The weather has been irregular, and the emanations
from deposit throughout the sewers are reported to
have been unusually copious, offensive, and injurious.
Yielding to the application of parties, lines of ditches
have been covered in and sewers have been trapped.
But these measures have only shifted the evil upon other
places ; applications and plans have been sent in for the
ventilation of sewers by ascending shatts. But from
the evidence with relation to the effect of chimney shafts
in the diffusion of vapours from chymical works, such
a mode of relief appears to be so far doubtful as not to
justify a recommendation for incurring the expense.‘
The more effectual course will be the preventiun of de-
posits by proper arrangements of the drains, and the
system of sewers acted upon by appropriate supplies of
water. The first and most urgent work is the excels'-
tion of such arrangements as to effect the speedy and
complete removal of all decomposing refits,' from beneath
,'
the houses • ' that is to say, a complete system of house'
drainage. To obtain preparatory informatiln as to the
nature and extent of the existing house drainage, and the
expense of cleansing and repair, the Commissioners hate
caused queries to be left from house to house to obtain
answers from the eccupiers; and they propose to extend
the like inquiries throughout other districts. The in-
formation at present obtained leads them to believe that
at half the annual expense incurred in the one district
examined for repairing a bad system of old drains, they
will be enabled to have laid down au entire system of
new ceies. They have had trials made with a view to
the more accurate determination of the sizes requisite
for house drains, and other apparatus. They have
directed the consulting engineer and the surveyors to
prepare a report expository of the most approved plans
of house drains and cleansing apparatus, with a view
to extend the improved principles by voluntary adop-
tion. This report, it is hoped, will be shortly com-
pleted for public circulation. They have not ne-
glected the application of refuse as manure. As fere
tilix3rs, they have given the subject the most seri-
ous consideration until a new system of drainage',
is determined upon. They have not found them-
selves in a condition to sanction other than trial works. •
Trial works of ono kind they have already sanctioned;
those of another they have under consideration. In the
meantime they have made arrangements for supplying
cgriculturists with sewage and manure for private trials
on the most liberal terms. Mr. Donaldson, their as-
sistant-surveyor, who has charge of the works connected
with land drainage, and who has been authorised to dis-
pose of the refuse, has made arrangements with several
enterprising farmers, who have undertaken to make
trials of the sewer water. For its distribution from the
river banks and the canals upon the land he has availed
himeell of the pumping machinery invented and applied
by Mr. Philip Holland, which has been found to work
satisfactorily as a means of rapid and cheap distribu-
tion from the Bridgewater Canal near Manchester.
The progress of these works will, it is expected, influ-
ence the extension of similar works throughout the em
pire."—(Bear, hear.)
Mr. CHADWICK stated, that examinations had been
made with a view to ascertain what hadbeen the
the flushing upon the river. The analysis of the water
showed no worse a condition than was believed to have
effects of
been shown some years ago. A large proportion of the
banks was now clear of mud than formerly. This was
attributable to the action of the steamboats, for during
the night the deposit increased, and it was cleared away
during the daytime. The removal of the dam of the old
London-bridge increased the flow and swcep, of the
water. The proportion of the matter flushed into the
river was inconsiderable in proportion to the bulk of the
water, and probably of the natural detritus ',roughs.
down the river; and so far as inquiries had yet pro-
ceeded, there was reason to believe that it lasted only
a day or two. No doubt addition of any such matter
was injurious for the time; but it was equally nn
doubted that it was far more injurious to have the matter
be only a
flushing operations, he hoped, would
pulation. The
permanently under the houses of the p o
tempo-
rary measure.
ine been expressed the Court a
Other reports were read, andrigjoenuerarael..satisfaction hav-

the 26;1i, Wheat was 2s. per qu :tier dearer, with a fair
derain.d. At Worcester, same day, the trade ruled dull
at aa improvement of Is. per quarter; Barley Is. to 2s.
per quarter dearer; Oats is.; .B9ani Is. 6d; Peas 2s.
During the present week a go )(1 deal of new Wheat has
changed hands, at from 48s. to 573. per quarter, 621 b.
per bushel. Not much passing in old, owing to the
weather having become fine. Barley firm at the advance;
Oats is. per quarter higher; Beans held for more money;
Peas unaltered. At this day's market there was again
a large supply of Wheat from the farmers, and old
Wheat was 2s. and new 34. per quarter lower; Barley
unaltered in value; Oats held for a further rise, with
which buyers would not comply; English Beans Is. per
quarter dearer; on Egyptian, the turn was in favour.of
the seller.
GLASGOW, Ago. 30.—Dar.:ng the past week wo
had most inauspicious, rainy, and stormy weather.
There has been a slight increase in the supplies of
Foreign Wheat coastwise, but of all other articles the
arrivals continue quite trifling. A fair business occurred
during the week, at advancing rates fur all kinds of grain.
This day's market was well attended, but there being a
little sunshine whilst it was holding, the trade were seem-
ingly less anxious buyers. We quote—Wheat Is., and
Flour Is. to 2s. per barrel or sack beyond last week's
currency. Barrel Flour scarce. Barley Is. up per
320:b. with a moderate inquiry; Oats ls. per 2641 b., and
Oatmeal Is. to Is. 61 per load higher; Beans, of fair
quality, for feeding, scarce, and fully Is. dearer; Peas
and Indian Corn without quotable change; Indian Corn-
meal wanting.

RYE •lIOUSE, HERTFORDSHIRE.—On Monday last,
an excursion of the members of the Loyal United
Friends, took place to this delightful spot, in behalf of
the Friend-in-Need Fund, cn which occasion a numerous
party of ladies and gentlemen left the Shoreditch station
of the Eastern Counties Railway, about ten o'cicck, and
proceeded to the Rye-House station, where they arrived
at about ten minutes past eleven. The Rye House is
situated on the banks of the River Lea, within one hun-
dred yards of the railway station, near Hoddeedon, and
is famous in English history as having been the place
where a pretended conspiracy was designed, proposing
to take the life of King Charl:s the Second. This plot
was made the engine by the corrupt Parliament of that
period to effect the judicial murder of those martyrs for
freedom and liberty, Lord Russell and Algernon Sydney.
The ruins of the Rye House are still in good preserva-
tion, as are also those of Netherhall, a mansion, or
rather a lodge to a castle of the time of Henry the
Eighth. A short distance on the banks of the River
Lea is the interesting village of Amwell, where are the
Chadwell Springs, the source of the New River, with the
urn and tomb of Sir Hugh Middleton, that great bene-
factor, who spent the whole of his fortune in bringing
the New River water to London. After the company had
done ample justice to their appetites, they enjoyed
themselves in boating, angling, cricket, trap-ball, archery,
&c., until about two hours of their departure for town,
when a considerable portion assembled in the long room;
P.S P. Robertson presiding as chairman, and supported,
among others, by P.P. Burgess, P.S.P. Spearing, P.S P.
Clay, P.S.P. Bull, P.P. Stu id, P.P. Cole, P.P. Faw-
cett, P.S.P. Smart, P.P. Taylor, P.P. Smart, P.P.
Coombes, P.P. Woodman, P.l'. Watson, P.S.P. Barns,
and P.S.P. Price, Secretary Crawley, and Treasurers
Fox and Chamberlain. The health of the chairman,
P.S.P. Robertson, was proposed, in a neat speech, by
P.S.P. Smart, and received with epplause, and was ac-
knowledged by Mr. Robertson in his usual glowing
style. P.P. Cole, in a speech of considerable length,
gave " The Stewards," and thanks to them for the ex-
cellent arrangements of the day. This was spoken to
by I'.P. Studd in a few appropriate words. The health
of the " Treasurer of the Relief Fund, P.S.P. Price,"
was drank amid much cheering, with one more for his
better health. P.P. Burk ens, iu a very complimentary
speech, proposed the " Healths of Treasurers Fox and
Chamberlain," after which the National Aothem was -
_.-•—••--e•---- -------,
sung with much animation. Several excellent songs had
M AILS —SOUTHAMPTON, r.l. lIURSDAY, AUG.
previously been sung by Messrs. Smart, ltowlond, Tay- TIIE . •
Company'stu rd a y
Tmuaei
sl s..
lor, and Everett. The company then left the spacious 31.—The Ro.yal...l\slianilv,S"teilalmh;apvaeckeent
sa
and beautiful gardens, and entered the train that was Forth, Capti E
,fain
hlathe British and foreign West Indian and
waiting to convey them to town, where they arrived at oximo,
pheactreedtaornn
ten minutes past nine o'clock. One circumstance highly
calculated to mar the pleasures of the day occurred, from_ ort
Wednesday next. The United States mail
and that was, Mrs. Burgess, the wife of P.P. Burgess, d
Mexicanhe wiNtn,aeislts
laentclhethiseleMndesd:hm•aayy, whnethext
f New York to the 21st of August, may be expected off
sex, was in the act of descending into the vault o being desirous of gratifying a curiosity peculiar to In?r steamer Hermann, Captain E. Crabtree, with dates from
Cowes, Isle of Wight, en route to Bremen, on Monday or
Netherhall, when her foot slipped, and she was
deep; Ca
next. The American steamer United States,
cipitated into some stagnant water, several feet deedr!!
Captain W. G. llackstaff, is to sail from Havre for New
she, however, gave alarm, when assistance was immet
York on Saturday. She alas touch at Cow finallyake on
ately rendered her, and she was rescued herti perilousoe
board English mails and psengers, and depart
situation, having sustained no other ury
miants
ver
oil Sunday at noon.
slight bruises on her side, and her lower a! INSTITUTION.
Y d the . ,11 hannual '
to join ester a er6 t general meeting of the
much wetted; but by the kindness of theg domestics o.)f. FURNITURE BROKERS' BENEVOLENT
Mr. Teal's establishment, she was soon enabled
donors and subscribers to the above charity was held at
Billbroughtfrom the the Freemasons"rave
,Crt at Q I I tavern, , ucen-street, Arlen n's
POOR-LAW AUDITORS.--A .
her family and re-participate in their amusements.
, ,sq., in tre cram.. From the
Lords, entitled "An Act to prevent district auditors Inn-fields; James Winter F'• I ' •
from taking proceedings in certain eases," proposes to -report of the past year, as read by the secretary, it ap-
enact that " nothin.rcontained in any Act paced in this- peared that the institution was progressing, notwith-
pre3ent session of P'arliarnnt for making provision for the standing the general depression in trade. There were at
payment of parish debts, the audit of parochial and union) present four pensioners on the funds, each at 15/. pet
accounts, and the allowance of certain charges therein, ,annum. The receipts amounted to 1211. les., and the
shall authorise any district auditor to proceed to recover disbursements to 901. 12s. ; 1,2671. Ss. Sti. is invested at 31
any sum certified by him to be due, in respect of which Der cent. with the Commissioners for the Reduction of
proceedings in any court, or before any justice or jus- 'the National Debt, and the committee intimate a hope of
tices, shall have been taken and determined before the \being soon in a esition to undertake the erection of s
passing of this Act." p
:suitable edifice as an asylum for aged and decayed went-
HAMPTON COURT PALACE.—An additional room hers, and. solicit contributions for that purpose. The
for exhibition at Hampton Court Palace has lately been report was approved and .adopted.
opened to the peflic. It is situated at the end, and is a . EsitGa.kuox.—Yesterday the following vessels,
continuation of the great hall, and formerly used as a
chapel. The walls ere hung with tapestry of a similar , - hati'llcid out of the London and St. Katherine's
i each c,.rr '' g from 150 to 200 passengers. for .Australia,
character to that which is so greatly admired in the ( sere
and ate expected topsail this day :—The John
arpaefrihcea,l):,nndotth eorie.
large
character
e,
Bing'
On Mobilo) the Ajax, New Zealand Com-
agit
ri tee
also! brilliant
s ei.tl) sit\o,nerte,l',2:lllidi.n William, Waverey Waterloo, and Duke of
chairs and seats of needlework, of exquisite ship,sails with :00 emigrants for Otago and Wei
ship, and painted glass windowsofrkni;%. I-
pang's
Government vessels sail dtgihg the present
considerable VILT.V 'y A.ngton. Six N
and beauty. =nth for South Australia.