The Sun.
London, England, 1870-11-19 00:00:00

MILITARY PREPARATIONS IN
RUSSIA.

THE MONEY MARKET.

--.-

BERLIN, November 18.

CITY, Two o'CLocK.

News comes from an official source that Russia
has large bodies of troops on the Vistula and further
south, and also that armed vessels have been built
the Black Sea.

On the Stock Exchange to-day there is a firmer tone.
English Funds aro higher, and in Foreign Stocks Turkish
have risen g, and Italian but Spanish has fallen gto 1.
Consols are now 92 to 921 for money and account. The
French Scrip is quoted at 21 to 21 dis.
While there is perfect unanimity of opinion among the
mercantile community of the City of London that the
course adopted by Russia is such as could not for an
instant be acquiesced in by any civilized State, -it may be
added that up to this time the growth of a most friendly
feeling toward Russia had been steadily observable among
our financial and mercantile classes, and that even the
re-opening of the Treaty of 1856 had been regarded as a
matter which, in view of her own dignity and interests,
she was fully entitled to bring forward with the expecta-
tion of satisfactory results. It is the manner of the
movement that has shocked the universal sense, and so
long as that may be per, isted in, so long, it can hardly
be doubted, will every honest man in Europe demand
that her claims should be disavowed.
The National Bank of Australasia have invited tenders
for South Australian Government Revenue Securities, to
the amount of £lOB,OOO, maturing half-yearly between the
years 1913 and 1913, and bearing 6 per cent. interest from
the first of January next, payable in London. The
tenders will bo opened at two o'clock on Thursday, the
24th of November.

ITALY REFUSES TO JOIN ENGLAND AND
AUSTRIA.

FLORENCE, Nov. 17 (4.56 p.m.)

The Ministry, it is asserted, has absolutely re-
fusol to join England and Austria in any diphmnatie
e against Russia.

RUSSIA AND A CONFERENCE.

BERLIN, November 18 (10.40 a.m.)

Russia does not object to attend a Conference
for the revision of the Treaty of 1856. Prussia
would probable consent to be represented at such a
meeting, provided she could be brought to believe
that topics connected with the war will be excluded
from the debates, or, at any rate, touched upon in a
way not prejudicial to her interests.
The Russian Government have resolved to reduce
the time of active military service from ten to six
years, and levy infuture six instead of tour recruits
in every 1,000 souls.

A very severe panic has occurred at Frankfort. Aus-
trian Credit Shares (160 f. nominal each) have declined
20f. ; Austrian Railway Shares (2001. nominal) went down
20f.

BERLIN, November 18, (9.33 p.m.)

The St. Petersburg semi-officialjournal, the Golos,
denies that Russia promised Prussia to remain
a neutral spectator of the French war it Prussia
connived at Russia's setting aside the Treaty of
1856.

The Press of Vienna states that, in view of the Eastern
question, the Finance Minister intends to apply to the
Delegations of the Monarchy for authority to raise an
amount between 50 and 100 million florins.

It might have been dangerous," the Golos adds,
" to give such a promise to a neighbour whose power
is growing so very fast. At any rate, it would have
been paying a very high price for a small favour, con-
sidering that all Russia wishes to elect is the moth-
fication of a treaty, the general principles of which
she still recognises."

Orders have been received from Russia for 8,000 or
10,000 tons of pig iron for cannon shot, according to a
sample of which 300 tons were sent some time back ; also
for 100 tons of antimony, 1,000 tons of copper, and 1,000
tons of lead.

The colonial produce markets this week have been with-
out material alteration, the state of Continental affairs
and the present aspect of the Russian question tending
to further unsettle trade.

BERLIN, November 18 (Evening).
The Journal de St. Petersbourg of to-day con-
tains an article to the effect that, had an European
Congress now been possible, the Russian Cabinet
would have submitted to it the question which
has now been raised, and which is of such vital im-
portance. To postpone that question until
Europe should come to an understanding on the
subject would be to chain Russia to an uncertain
and an intolerable situation, which is constantly
becoming more irksome. England can do for
Turkey what she has already done for Belgium. The
dangers to which Turkey is exposed are not foreign,
but domestic. They arise from the difficult position
of the Christian population; and the country will
not be tranquil until the Government of the Porte
shall have been reconciled with Russia. As for
Austria, her difficulties on this question only began
when a perfidious policy in the East lost her the
friendship of Russia; but both Powers will hence-
forth gain through a fair acknowledgment of their
mutual interests.

The Liverpool Journal of Commerce states :—" We
regret to have to announce the suspension of Messrs.
Dicksons, Boardman, and Co., au old and highly respect.
able house engaged in the West Coast trade. Their liabi-
lities are said to be about £140,000, but the liquidation will
be favourable. We have to announce the suspension of
Mr. Godfrey J. Aman, cotton and produce broker, of
Liverpool, whose liabilities are stated at about £lO,OOO.

The Russian note has been received at Constanti-
nople; it cites the infringements of the Treaty of
Paris committed in the union of the Danubian Prin-
cipalities, in the nomination of Prince Charles of
Hohenzollern as their Sovereign, and in the passage
of the Bosphorus by ships of war.

PESTH, November 18 (Morning).
In the quarters hero in which the best informa-
tion circulates, the impression is that the Austrian
Government and the people of the Empire
—especially in Hungary—are strongly inclined to
fight Russia on the sudden question raised with
respect to the Treaty of 1856. But, although
the tone of the people here is bellicose, there is a
strong feeling that indecision on the part of the
British Cabinet is to be apprehended. It is believed
at the Austrian Court that the Government of Italy
is perfectly prepared to join heartily in any con-
certed measures which may be taken by the Cabinets
of London - and of Vienna in regard to the present
complication.
At Berlin the opinion prevails that peace will be
maintained.

FLORENCE, Nuvember 18.

The Italie of to-clay says :
"We have reason to believe that Turkey has
strongly protested against Russia's withdrawal from
the Treaty of 1856, and that Ali Pasha's despatch is
couched in energetic terms."

INDIA.

CALCUTTA, November 18, (12.66 p.m.)

The rumour of the departure of Rahmed Khan
from Samarcand and his apprehension at Bokhara is
incorrect.

The Ameer is assured that Rahmed remains at
Samarcand.

Yacoob Khan is reported to have fled to Persia.

The financial statement will be made earlier than
usual this year. The Government will submit impor-
tant reforms. Mr. Stephens brought a report on
the Penal Code before the Council to-day, and will
speak upon it next Friday.
The Insolvency Bill is deferred, to allow of
its being discussed by the Indian Chambers of
Commerce.

The arbitration respecting the Afghan and Persian
boundaries is being proceeded with. Mr. Qoldsniid
has left Teheran for that purpose.

Colonel Herbert has been confirmed as political
agent in Turkish Arabia.
The Maharajah of Bhurtpore has arrived in Cal-
cutta. Mr. Engles, of the North-Western Provinces,
has been appointed a member of the Legislative
Council.

CHINA.
(GRANT'S NORTH CHINA DESPATCH.)
SHANGHAI, October 27.

Sixteen Coolies have been beheaded, the Chinese
Government indemnifying their families. 23 others
have been exiled. An indemnity of 600,000 taols is
to be paid to the French, and 10,000 taels t 9 the
Chinese Christians.

M. Rochechouart expresses himself satisfied, but
the Russians are not so.

M. Itochechouart has quitted Pekin, but Mr. Wade
remains.
Chunghow has started for Europe.

1 FIB SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 187 C,

THE EASTERN QUESTION.

Subjoined is the despatch from Prince Gortschakoff to
Baron Brunnow—the Russian Minister at the Court of
St. James's—communicated by his Excellency to Ear]
Granville on the 9th of November, and to which reference
is made in the second paragraph of Lord Granville's die.
patch of the 10th instant, which we printed on Thursday
morning :

Prince Gortschakoff to Baron Brunnow.
Tsarko6 Selo, Oct. 20 (Nov. 1), 1870.

M. le Baron,—ln acquitting yourself, with the Chief
Secretary of State of her Britannic Majesty, of the com-
munication which the orders of his Majesty the Emperor
prescribed to your Excellency, you will be kind enough to
make a point of causing the sense and scope of that com-
munication to be thoroughly understood.

When, at the commencement of the year 1866,
there arose the queStion of a threefold Conference
to prevent the war then imminent in Germany by means
of a Congress—in discugsing the bases of the Congress
with Earl Russell, you were in a position to indicate to
him the compensations and the pledges of security which
for Russia would be necessitated by certain eventualitieg
of such a kind as to be calculated to modify the status quo
existing in the East.
Lord Russell recognised that representation with perfect
fairness. He did not dispute that every alteration made
upon the text and in the spirit of the Treaty of 1856
. ought to result in the revision of that instrument.
Although these eventualities were not realised, Lord
Granville will not dispute that at this present moment
the Treaty has undergone grave modifications in one of
its essential parts. What, above all, should strike Russia
in these modifications, is not the tendency of factitious
hostility towards her of which they bear the imprint;
nor is it the consequence which may result to a great
country from the creation on its frontiers of a little quasi-
independent State. It is, above all, the facility with
which, searcely ten years after its conclusion, a solemn
arrangement, invested with an European guarantee,
should have been infringed in its letter and in its spirit,
under the very eyes of the Powers that ought to have been
its guardians.
In presence of such a precedent, What value can
Russia attach to the efficacy of that arrangemement, and
to the pledge of security which she once thought she had
found in the principle of neutralising the Black Sea? The
equilibrium established in the East by the Treaty of
1856, therefore, is destroyed, to the detriment of Russia.
The resolution taken by our august Master has no other
aim except to re-establish that equilibrium.

The Government of her Britannic Majesty would never
conent to leave the security of its coasts at the mercy of
an arrangement which is no longer respected. It has too
much fairness to recognise in us the same duties and the
same rights.

But that which above all things we desire to have well
established is the fact, that the decision implies no change
in the policy which his Majesty the Emperor pursues in
the East.

You have already been several times in a position to
come to explanations with the Cabinet of London upon
the general views which the two Governments bring to
bear upon this important question. And you have been
able to represent a conformity at once of principles
and of interests, which we have
_registered with lively
satisfaction.

We have deduced from that circumstance, that at the
present day it is neither from England nor Russia that
the dangers can arise which might threaten the Ottoman
Empire ; that the two Cabinets have an equal desire to
maintain the existence of that Empire as long as possible,
by appeasing and conciliating the differences arising
between the Porte and the Christian subjects of the
Sultan ; and that, should a decisive crisis break out in
despite of all those efforts, both Governments are equally
resolved to seek the solution of those difficulties, before all
things, in a general agreement of the great Powers of
Europe.

To those views we have steadfastly adhered. We
believe that their perfect similarity renders possible an
understanding in earnest between the Government of her
Britannic Majesty and ourselves; and to such a result we
attach the highest value as the best guarantee for the pre.
servation of the peace and equilibrium of Europe from the
perils that may arise from the complications in the
East.

By the order of his Majesty the Emperor, your Excel-
lency is authorised to reiterate to Lord Granville the
assurance of these views. We should be sincerely glad if
the frankness of those explanations should contribute to
that result, and should render impossible ;any misunder
standing between the Government of her Britannic
Majesty and ourselves. —Receive, &c.,
(Signed) GORTSCHAKOFF.

TILL TERAIS*OF A CAPITULATION OF
PARIS.

The Berlin correspondent of the Daily News, in a letter
dated November 16th, says :—lt is no easy task to draw
up the terms of a capitulation of Paris. It will tax
Bismarck's awl Moltke's ingenuity to the utmost.
It will not do to have the gates opened, the garrison
disarmed and sent off as prisoners, or left to. go
where they like, and then to occupy and garrison the
place, as is the usual practice, which could still be ad-
hered to, even in the case of Metz and Sedan. The
armed people of Paris cannot be marched out. And the
entry of the Germans into the city, while the people
still are armed, would undoubtedly lead to that terrible
street fight which the capitulation is to render superfluous.
The object of the siege of Paris is to prove to the French
that the fortification of their capital does not enable
them to do in Europe as they like without being called to
account. They are to become aware that this fortifica-
tion was not merely an insolent menace to the remainder
of mankind, but a blunder. This will already be proved
if the Germans get possession of some of the forts. Thus
far the way is clear. But what next? The
Parisians ought after this to consent to the peace in-
sisted upon by Germany. But if they don't? What if
the capital continues to render every French Govern-
ment impossible which might attempt to carry out the
terms of peace ? Are the German troops to act as police
for such a Government ? A French Government should
depend on French forces. Where are the French forces
disposable for such a service ? Again and again the
prisoners emerge before the eye. Here in Germany they
are a burden which soon must become unbearable ; there
in France is employment for them in the interest
of peace. Again and again the Empire, in which
9,000 of the 10,000 captive French officers still firmly
cling, looms in the distance. The question is not what
should be, but what can be and will be. It is all very
well to talk of public opinion in France, and how the
French are now hating and despising. Louis Napoleon, of
which we all have sufficient evidence, but what for the
moment is the weight of French public opinion com-
pared with the necessity of getting 900,000 Germans
out of France and 350,000 Frenchmen out of Germany,
and of restoring peace to Europe ? is the
fault of the popular leaders in Paris that the
Germans really have no choice. All they can do, and
perhaps will do, is to leave it to the option of the prisoners
if they will return to their colours or not. This is already
the practice with the prisoners who are natives of Alsace.
They are sent home if they succeed in convincing the
governor that their desire to quit the French army and
the French cause and to return to works of peace is
sincere. Many have gone thus of late, and their
nnmber will soon greatly increase. The thing is managed
very well indeed. First, the Alsatians are separated
from the French whenever they are found in large num-
bers. They then by degrees get privileges—for instance,
that of letting their labour to whom they like
on terms freely settled. The next step is, that
they get permission to provide themselves for their
lodging and food out of their earnings. Instead of pre-
senting themselves every evening, they then may do it
on Sundays only. If they stand that test without running
away, their word away be safely trusted. The number
of those who have availed themselves of the permis-
sion to return would already le much greater were
it not for the very good wages which they now are
earning in Germany, where working men, of course, are
scarce. Those who return to Alsace are so many political
agents for reconciling their countrymen with the transfer
of their allegiance from France to Germany. Those that
stay will gradually establish direct family connections be-
tween Germany and Alsace.

VOYAGING IN BALLOONS.—Aeronauts, who now
form an important section of the travelling public, will be
glad to learn from so high an authority as Mr. Glaisher
that it is a popular fallacy to suppose that the temperature
of the air always decreases by a uniform law with increase
of elevation. Were it so the ballon mont6 " would be-
come an impossibility during the present season, for
a half-starved Parisian would be of all persons the most
incapable of withstanding the rigour of an Arctic climate.
Mr. Glaisher's experiments, however, have brought to
light the unexpected results that the mean monthly tem-
perature of the air at 50 feet high is during the evening
and night hours invariably higher than at a distance
of four feet from the ground, and in the
winter months the same rule holds good both by
day and night. In fact, the general conclusions at
which he has arrived are that at sunset the temperature
of the air is sensibly the same up to 2,000 feet, but that at
night and during the winter season it increases from the
earth upwards. It would therefore seem that the voyager
who • penetrates beyond the clouds will not only be
rewarded by finding a serener atmosphere, but also a
temperature milder than that to which the combatants on
whom he looks down are exposed.—Pall Mall Gazette.