The Sun.
London, England, 1846-01-19 00:00:00

common origin, religion, language, and literature, which, not-
withstanding that separation, continue to unite us to the
parent country. I could not contemplate these relations
without wishing that they might still form the basis of a
friendly understanding between us, for our mutual benefit,
and for the common benefit of the civilised world. I desired
most ardently that these friendly relations should be strength-
ened, believing that Great Britain and the United States
were the two countries on the face of the globe capable of
doing to each other the greatest good in peace and the
greatest harm in war. For this reason also I rejoice to add,
without trenching on ground forbidden in this company, and
especially to me, that notwithstanding the somewhat critical
state to which the controversy between the two Governments
has arrived, I believe it still capable of a friendly settle-
ment, on terms equally honourable to both parties."
There is no truth in the statement that Mr. Pakenbam
has been recalled, or that such an intention was entertained
by the British Cabinet, so far as authentic advices have been
received in this country—and, if such a purpose had been
considered, the publication of the correspondence between
him and Mr. Buchanan, and the existing relations with Eng-
land, would have forbidden its execution at this juncture.—
fP ashington Paper.
A private communication from Washington says :—" The
British Minister gave a very magnificent entertainment,
within the last week--,at wl.ich several of the Senators and
Members, of both political parties, attended—showing, at
least, that the social negotiations are not in the desperate
condition represented by those who are disposed to make
mountains of mole-hills. Indeed, Mr. Pakenham, in his
whole intercourse at 'Washington, has evinced a spirit of hos-
pitality that has not been surpassed by any of the Foreign
'Legations, and equalled by none but that of the Russian—
which, from its uniform courtesy and kindness. has established
a sort of domestic attachment for Mr. Bodisco, more perma-
nent and sincere than has ever been awarded to the repre-
sentative of any Foreign Government."
OREGON AFFAIRS. —We learn from the Washington cor-
respondence of the New York Courier, that the bill, intro-
duced by Mr. Douglas, " to protect the rights of American
settlers, in the territory of Oregon, until the termination
of the joint occupancy-of the same," is not in the form in
which it was originally drawn up, after consultation with the
President, but was materially modified in Committee. The
original Bill provided for the extension of the laws and juris-
diction of lowa over our citizens within the territory of the
United States west of the Rocky Mountains, without de-
fining that territory; the Bill, as reported, extends that ju-
risdiction over the territory, including, by specific boundaries,
the whole of that region. The first could not have been
reasonably objected to by the British Government; the last
may, and probably will be, notwithstanding the proviso in
reference to the subjects of Great Britain. Neither did the
Bill, as originally drawn, contain the clause advising the
President to give the notice required by the treaty, but was
added against the wishes of the Chairman of the Committee.
From that it is inferable that the administration is itself not
willing that any thing should be done in violation of the
treaty, and is desirous of prolonging the joint occupancy;
but yet it may, nevertheless, be pushed from both these po-
sitions by the pressure of the democracy, as it would be,
should this Bill become a law.

ported to make up the difference. A more unlikely ; SPIRIT of the AMERICAN PRESS.
measure for affording any relief could not possibly (From Papers received by the Acadia.)
be invented; and it strikes us that this party must The Washington correspondent of the Boston Atlas says:
find it very difficult to show that they are unfairly —" It must be manifest to the reflecting observer, that the
dealt will by being deprived of the corn-laws, ortc;, aitstach thei
Oregonin-
flamed portion of the Message was framed to suit the
se opiniont ate thehe west,rec
they would seize upon something more plausible as a supports ot state
tteh oa
ft
compensation than the repeal of the malt-tax. To clear no hostilities'.cwwenre tdestigned, no' matter how muchecin equally
make up the loss of revenue would require that an- proclaimed, or else Mr. Polk is even more incompetent to his
idennto•rdaenrd
other sevenpence in the pound of income-tax be im-
station than the common consent of the intelligence of the
country had already considered him ; for here is a war docu-
posed—an, infliction which the country gentlemen ment in all its features, if the recommendations are enacted,
themselves will not be very anxious to i k nvo e. urging the overthrow of the tariff, the source of revenue and
Preston Guardian. support of Government, silent a, to a suitable increase of the
navy for such an emergency, and without one paragraph in
- _
LONDON and BIRMINGHAM RAIL- favour of army preparations, for a crisis so probable, in such
a contingency. His sails were spread to catch the popular
WAY TUNNE:-, UNDER LONDON. br7ezee,fatnhde lwii,sesptr,?seriptions were regulated according to the
The stupendous undertaking, projected by the
London and Birmingham Railway Company, under pu::edistinguished democratic senator, high in the confidence
the direction of their talented engineer, Mr. Robert of the Administration, and entirely familiar with the whole
train of the negotiations in regard to Or goo, stated yester-
Stephenson, of reaching their proposed central station
iday that lie lliteved " war inevitable,, if the notice to ter-
in Farringdon-street (the site of the late Fleet Prison)
by means of a tunnel under London, cannot have t'huilaete)l apprehend occupancy
butv‘litstlegidvaenngebry CAonasst."
10f
eterniat.
failed to excite the attention, not merely of the scien- effect will be however,eedlessly rushed through the House, and°
tific and railway world, but particularly the notice of maud almost a full party majority—but it is destined to a
summnar expulsion from the doors of the Senate. An
those who, in a commercial point of view, or by being
residents on the proposed line, are likely to be bens- ortisi
a te a altti o
these
of Mr. Calhoun's friends is now maturing
fiery proceedings, and nothing but his pre-
fitted thereby, or are interested therein. The import- sagice (which will take place in a few days) is wanting to
ance of such an undertaking has induced us to endea- complete it.
your to lay before the public a correct description of So far as Congress is concerned, Mr. Calhoun holds the
this monster tunnel, which we are enabled to perform fate of a war measure in his own hands. There is every res-
in detail, having had in the most courteous manner a sil to be ieve he will exercise this high power and responsi-
bility with
be presented
and patriotism ; and the splendid spec.
copy of the plans and sections, t prepared for the ensu- acie will presented of himself and Webster standing
ing session of Parliament by Mr. Stephenson, placedshoulder to shoulder, for the preservation of peace and na-
at our disposal. ' tional honour. On a full ballot, without the Texas Senators,
The works of this magnificent undertaking are the democratic majolity is six. Of these, Mr. Calhoun can
proposed to commence at the Camden Town station carry on this question, Mr. M'Duffie, Mr. Lewis, Mr. Bagby,
of the Birmingham Railway, crossing the Ham Mr. Wescott, which, with the Whig vote, would defeat any
pstead- proposition. In addition, there is a prospect of securing
road, by means of two arches of 70 feet span and Coi quitt, Levy, and Dix. So that, in no reasonable contin-
-16 feet in height, the junction with the London and gency, do I consider war as probable, if the American Con-
Birmingham requiring no alteration of level. From grass is to declare it.
the Hampstead-road the line is proposed to pass (by
A Bill, extending our laws and protection over American
c
means of a viaduct varying from 18 to 21 feet inboth Houses; in O
itizens regaonnd, willno dot!bteedly, and very properly pass
einur iathseeerrbanecdh,ill
rights—and,hesita in
f
height, and at an inclination of lin 97) over Grange- demanding ie last inch o' Whig,
street, Leybourne-road, to the Kentish Town-road, necessary, at the point of the bayonet; but if that extremity,
and from thence over the Camden-road, Brecknock- lamentable in whatever aspect it may be presented, is to
place, Great College-street, and the Camden-road come, let us "first be sure we're right, then go ahead."
0 f li
theit 0 321 d THE OREN EMIGICANTS.—The Chicago Democrat
villas, at an inclination of 1 in 134, and at a heightlost., publishes the following letter, brought by Dr.
varying between 20 and 16f feet. After passing the l White, Indi •an Agent, who, with three
gentlemen, recently
King's-road, the viaduct is to to be succeeded by an returned from Oregon:—
embankment, at an inclination of lin 60, and then by "'We are now fifteen miles below Fort Boise, camped for
the night, and all in good health and spirits. We have
a cutting to the western side of Maiden-lane, and to
teen,
from Platte river in companies of from four to fif-
the north of Randall's tile-kilns. At this point the
oefe ngniank
e perfectßiver, safety.n d
find ourselves
now made both crossings'
proposed tunnel commences, being at a distance ofsettw.ithiLeaebtoorutjihriee hun
1 mile 165 feet from the Camden station, at a depth dred miles of the valley of Wallain
of 37 and a width of. 30 feet. ' The tunnel the people, below will meet us at the Dalles with plenty of
boats and provisions to take us down, and that there is not:if takes its course under Carlton-gardens and Wil •
Liam-street Caledonian-road at a depth varvin g
although
from the Indians, if we go in corn panies of ten waggons,
, ,
from 38 to 45 feet, and thence under the clerks
of
thewe hiLddbsoseenn told at Forts Hall and Boise, by the
Caledonian-road, at a depth of fifty-four feet. an almost impassable road,iay butntn latraiy, tthheatlnitd.was not only
de-
From this point the tunnel is proposed to proceed at termined to oppose us—all of which is untrue. There m•ere a
gradually increasing depth under the tunnel of the pears to be a Brea: anxiety on the part of the Hudson's BayP
•
Company,t to turn as many of the Oregon people to Cali-
Regent's Canal, near Half Moon-crescent, where the
depth is 90 feet. The direction of the tunnel is then soormneiaoafsdiaeosws iobrlset; and for. thath purpose they have employed
rascalsHalaTilnd the mountains,
toto interceptfif the
under Penton-street, Chapel•street, and White Lion- emigrants at F.,rtCalifornia as
street, Pentonville, the depth being no less than 101 they can, by telling them there is no grass,ywood, nor water
feet, and the inclination being 1 in 1,062. From (except Snake River) on the Oregon road—that it
hence the tunnel passes under the City-road, at impassable on account of rocks and mountains, and that
, whichSliake Rivere allnevker has or can be forded with waggons; all of
Claremont-terrace, in the rear of St. Mark's Church,California.nistheietio3ther hand, they re-
Myddleton-square, at a depth of 87 feet, gradually ported thatw the roandwtots erourepgoern,dotwhenvrsivaer
decreasing until the tunnel arrives at the New River bottoms of one eternal pasture. But, in
Head, under which it is proposed to be carried at a the people would starve, were it not for the cattle driven',
depth of 68 feet. A gradual decrease in de from California. And for all this, it is certain they are paid
pth then al premium,2s:i for all that go, by the company, and demand also
takes place. Under Myddleton-street, Clerkenwell, )s ..wpaeNi: hsea2dwoafgtgheenesmihgealennts !hemtesetlhvees,mfoerrpeilto.t nlney.
it is 51 feet ; Gloucester-street, 48 feet ; Skinner- In this
street, Clerkenwell, 43 feet ; Corporation-row, Seck- fickle-minded of the people, hjemlfeen led off on thatimi road
d
ford-street, and Suffolk-street, each at a depth of 42 this season.—Your obedient servant,
feet; Aylesbury-street (leading to the Sessions
douse), 41 feet; and St. John's-square, 38 feet.
From this point the tunnel passes under the
closely-populated districts of St. Sepulchre
Without at depths gradually decreasing until
it reaches Cow-cross, where it will be only 25 feet
below the surface. Here it is prop rsed to carry the
tunnel at a depth varying from 28 to 33 feet, from
Greenhill's-rents to West Smithfield, at an inclina-
tion of 1 in 1,062. Passing under the Greyhound
Inn-yard at a depth of 31 feet, the tunnel is proposed
to reach Hosier-lane at 28 feet, Cock-lane at 29 feet,
and the Saracen's Head Inn-yard at a similar depth.
Under Skinner-street, Snow hill, the depth will be
28 feet, and the tunnel will terminate at Angel-court,
on the southern side of Skinner-street, at a depth of
24 feet. A small cutting will here commence, pass-
ing through Green Arbour-court, at a depth of 19
feet; Bishop's-court, 14 ; Seacoal-lane, 11 feet ;
Fleet-lane, 5 feet; and thence into the city terminus,
Fleet Prison-yard, where the line will emerge on a
level.

The entire length of the intended extension will
be 3 miles 4i- chains, of which the tunnel will occupy
2 miles. It is a singular fact that the tunnel will
pass under only one main sewer.
The London and Birmingham Company propose
taking powers for carrying out a deviation line, if
found necessary, and to take such property as may be
required for that purpose. The plans, which are en-
graved in a very elaborate style by Messrs. Dixon and'
Ross, of the Hampstead-road, indicate the various
houses which the Company propose to purchase al-
together, or to afford compensation for, if injuriously
affected by the projected line.
For the convenience of the grand city terminus,
the Company propose to take powers for obtaining the
whole range of houses on the south side of Skinner-
street, extending from the Old Bailey on the east to
Turnagain-lane on the west, and including from that
point to the Fleet Prison, the eastern side of Far-
ringdon-street, and passing to the rear of the prison
yard, extending again to the Old Bailey, and includ-
ing a portion of Prujean -square, thus occupying the
site of all the intermediate houses. One grand and
desirable object the London and Birmingham Com-
pany have in view in taking this group of houses, is
to forward the improvements contemplated by the
Corporation of the City of London.
Another important advantage which will result
from this plan of the London and Birmingham Com-
pany, is that the inhabitants of the metropolis will be
saved the inconvenience and noise of the ponderous
waggons laden with merchandise, which at present
perambulate the streets day and night, to the detri-
ment of the paving, in passing to and from the City
and the goods station of the railway at Camden Town.
Upon the whole no one who views this great un-
dertaking in a dispassionate manner, can be of any
other opinion than that it is one calculated to afford
convenience as well as comfort to the public generally,
and from the high standing of the Company, and the
scientific reputation of their engineer, there can be
but little doubt the project will meet with the sanc-
tion of Parliament.

Too much praise cannot be awardel to those who
have undertaken the herculean task of preparing the
magnificent plans and sections which we have just
described ; nor can we do otherwise than express our
admiration at the superb way in which they are en-
graved, being decidedly superior to any done for the
various proposed lines of railway about to be sub-
mitted to Parliament this session.—Railway Tele-
graph.

A. H. THOMPSON.

"P. S. Let emigrants leave Independence by the 20th of
April, and not in companies of more than fifteen waggons, and
ten is still better."

The Ashtabula (Ohio) Sentinel has a long letter from Ore-
gon city, written in April last. It is from one of the settlers
to his father, residing in Ohio. Speaking of Dr. McLaugh-
lin, the writer says :—" He has shown much hospitality to
the emigrants by relieving the distressed, crediting and
lending assistance necessary to their settlement. There is a
settlement of emigrants, from Red River, Canada, and Dr.
McLaughlin has recently sent for three hundred additional
settlers. The Hudson's Bay Company have now in their
employ a hundred natives from the Sandwich Islands; some
of them have been here for twenty years."
We copy the following from the Boston Atlas of the 22d
December :

" MR. WINTHROP'S COMPROMISE RESOLUTIONS.—In the
House of Representatives, on Friday last, the Hon. Robert
C. Winthorp offered the following resolutions, and gave
notice that he intended to support their adoption:—

" Resolved,—That the differences between the United
States and Great Bi itain on the subject of the Oregon ter-
ritory are still a fit subject for negotiation and compromise;
and that satisfactory evidence has not yet been afforded that
no compromise which the United States ought to accept can
be effected.

'• Resolved,—That it would be a dishonour to the age in
which we live, and in the highest degree discreditable to
both the nations concerned, if they should suffer themselves
to be driven into a war, upon a question of no imm diate or
practical interest to either of them.
" Resolved,—That if no other mode for the amicable ad-
justment of this question remains, it is due to the principles
of civilisation and Christianity that a resort to arbitration
should he had ; and that this Government cannot relieve
itself from all responsibility which may follow the failure to
settle the controversy, while this resort is still untried.
" Resolved,—That arbitration does not necessarily involve
a reference to crowned heads, and that if a jealousy of such a
reference is entertained in any quarter, a commission of able
and dispassionate citizens, either from the two countries
concerned, or from the world at large, offers itself as an
obvious and unobjectionable alternative."
Mr. Douglass, of Illinois, on the other hand, offered the
following, which he gave notice he should call up, whenever
Mr. Winthrop's were considered, and should move them as a
substitute :

" Resolved—That the title of the United States to the
territory of Oregon, up to 54 deg. 40 min., is not a subject
of compromise.
" Resolved—That the question of title ought not to be
submitted to arbitration."

The House adjourned without any definite action in refer-
ence to these resolutions. We have, it is true, but faint
hopes that a majority of the House can be induced to take
the same high and statesmanlike view of the Oregon con-
troversy that is presented in the admirable resolutions of our
faithful representative. We rejoice, however, that the effort
has been made; and we hope that it will be pressed upon
Congress with a resolute determination to leave no honour-
able means untried to induce the adoption of a wiser, a more
prudent and rational policy. Let the party-ridden majority
of the House be at least made to hear the vo ce of reason
and of common sense; and if Congress still persists inlisten-
ing only to the mad and frantic promptings of wicked and
unprincipled demagogues, the blame will at least not rest
upon the heads of those who have used every honourable
means to avert the evil. Let the people, too, be made to
know who among their representatives are willing to involve
the country in all the dangers of a needless, wasteful, and
perhaps ruinous war.

It is said that the Duke of Wellington—who is just about
as furious for war, in England, as Gateral Cass is in this
country—openly declares that, if there is a war with America,
it shall be a short war. If his Grace will look back into the
archives of the Government, of which he is a member, he will
find that a person somewhat celebrated in English history, by
the name of " Lord North," made a very similar declaration
some seventy years ago.
It might not be a bad plan, if the American and British
Governments would so agree, to submit the Oregon question
to the arbitrament of personal combat—and let the Duke of
Wellington and General Cass go out and do battle, as the
representatives of their respective nations. Such a fight, to
us, would be much like that of the bear and rattle-snake.
We should not feel very solicitous as to the result of such a
contest, either in regard to combatants engaged, or the stake
at issue.

LANCASTER AND CARLISLE
RAILWAY.
Of the 6,000,000 cubic yards of earthwork, nearly
5,000,000 are completed, and the remaining quantity
is divided into such numerous portions that at no one
point is there any difficulty with average weather.
With regard to the masonry,
it is equally forward.
Of the ordinary bridges five-sixths are nearly com-
pleted, and the following is the state of the larger
bridges and viaducts :—The Lune viaducts—three
arches of 120 feet span—although only commenced
after the passing of the amended Act in July last, is
well advanced ; the abutments and land arches (eight of
38 feet span) are up to the springing, and the river-
piers are in hand, notwithstanding the floods. The
Docker Garths viaduct—six arches of 50 feet span,
and 75 feet high—is complete up to the spring-
ing, and the arches are commenced. The Borrow
Beck viaduct—three arches of 45 feet span, and 60
feet high—is completed, except the parapets. The
Lowther viaduct—six arches of 60 feet span, and
100 feet high, is finished. The bridge over the
Eamont—four arches of 50 feet span, and 70 feet
high—is finished, except the spandrills and parapets.
Nearly 30 miles of permanent way are laid. The
number of men now employed is 5,997. The num-
ber of horses now employed is 681, and two loco-
motives are at work on the line. Nearly the whole
of the rails and chairs for the permanent way are
now delivered on the line. Designs have been fur-
nished for the whole of the stations, and several are
in progress. The engines and carriages for the ser-
vice of this Company are constructing in the esta-
blishment of the Grand Junction Railway at Crewe.
At a meeting of the proprietors, at Liverpool, on
Wednesday last, the Chairman (E. W. Hassell, Esq.)
said, he might venture to say, with the kno:Ylediie he had
himself of the state of the work, that unless we should
have a very wet spring, there was every reason to
believe that the railway would be opened about the
beginning or middle of July ; and, if so, no railway
of eival length, seventy miles long, would have ever
been completed in so short a time.
From the statement of accounts it appeared that
the total to the 31st of December, amounted to
811,1301., and the expenditure to 663,6371., leaving a
balance of 147,4931.

The same writer says it is known that Mr. Pakenham has
expressed himself strongly and decidedly to the effect that
" the Bill, as reported, is unquestionably in violation of the
treaty, and will probably be so regarded by the British Go-
vernment." Mr. Pakenham, he adds—

" Objects specifically to that provision of the Bill which
authorises the erection of forts, as being an act of possession
not within the competency of either Government, and also
to the sending of the military force of the United States into
that territory. It was explained to him that such force
should only be to such an amount as should be reasonably
necessary to the protection of our citizens there, which pro-
tection is the duty of the Government, and perfectly con-
sistent with our obligations under the treaty; but after a
somewhat long discussion upon the subject, his opinion as to
the offensive character of the Bill remained unchanged."
LATEST FROM THE RIVER PLATE.--By the arrival at this
port, on Saturday, of the Winnipiac, from Buenos Ayres,
Oct. 12, we learn that the blockading squadrons of England
and France had extended the time allowed for the departure
of merchant vessels from Buenos Ayres to Oct. 24. The
blockade appears to be conducted with rigour, as the papers
state that the American schooner Sarah Ann, Captain
Walker, from Patagonia, with produce, arrived off the port
on the 10th, and was not allowed to enter. Six vessels
bound to this port would obtain about 30,000 hides. It was
supposed by residents that not less than eighteen months
would elapse before the difficulties would be settled and trade
resumed.—Boston Advertiser.

There seems to be very little doubt now that Mr. Slidell's
mission to Mexico has for its object, in part, the acquisition
of California. Where will this lust of empire stop ? Crescit
eundo. To tell Europe to-day that she shall have no more
land on this continent, and proceed. to-morrow to carve out
a second huge slice for ourselves, is taking (excuse the pun)
not only a great deal of ground, but very high ground. The
"progressive democracy" have come to crave the food of
lofty pretensions ; I only pray that their pride may have a
harmless fall.

CANADA. FIFTEEN FEET OF SNOW AT QUEBEC.—The
Quebec Gazette of the sth says, that for the previous eight
days the weather had been more severe in that city than it
was in the frightful climate of Moscow in 1812. The ther-
mometer was down to ten degrees below zero, and the snow
lies in heaps more than fifteen feet deep, and then falling so
thick that it was impossible to see at a distance of a few feet.
" The broad St. Lawrence is not only covered with floating
ice, but it is heaped one piece above another, rendering it
almost impossible even for the hardy canoemen of Point Levy
to cross."

THE INTERIOR OF OREGON--ITS
CAPABILITIES and PROSPECTS.
[The following account of Oregon, compiled from the
notes of a recent traveller in the country, contains the
best description of that " bone of contention" which we
have met with. To persons contemplating emigration,
and, indeed, at the present juncture, to all classes, the
information it contains must be very valuable ; and it is
such as has hitherto been only attainable by wading
through bulky reports and lengthy statistical documents.]
Having resided nearly three years in Oreg(in, I fre-
quently travelled over some of the best portions of it,
having passed over all the tributaries of the Snake
River which enters it on its southern bank, from its
source in the mountains to its junction with the Columbia,
and having also travelled by water from a point 500
miles distant from the ocean, down the Kaskaskia, Snake,
and Columbia to its mouth, and witnessed the character
of the banks during the whole of this distance, I am able
to speak from personal observation respecting that por-
tion of the country.
The interior country, as has been stated, is divided
from the tract lying on the sea coast by a range of
mountains, stretching parallel with the coast at a dis-
tance of 150 miles from the ocean. Between the ocean
and this range of mountains the Walhamet country is
situated, and in soil and climate differs much from the
interior region of country. The atmosphere of the in-
terior is exceedingly dry, while that of the region along
the coast is unusually damp.
But as I cannot speak of the Walhamet from personal
observation I will confine my remarks to the valley of
the Columbia and Snake rivers.
The banks of the Columbia, from the mouth to the
Cascades, is heavily timbered. Here, in proceeding up
the river, we enter the gorge which the river has cut
through the mountain range. Above the Cascades the
timber diminishes in quantity and size till we reach the
Dalls, at which point it ceases altogether.
The soil on the banks of the Columbia below the
Cascades is susceptible of cultivation, though by no
means of the best quality. It cannot properly be deno-
minated an alluvial soil, as the river, having its sources
in a volcanic region, and passirg over in its course no-
thing but beds of basalt and sterile sands. brings down
no deposit capable of forming a fertile soil. The over-
flowings of the Columbia are thought to injure rather
than benefit the soil. At Vancouver, the fields that are
well cultivated and well manured produce good crops of
wheat and potatoes. But without manuring the crops
are very light. Indian corn does not succeed at all, and
fruit trees decay prematurely. At Fort George, or
Astoria, a few acres of land were cleared by the Ameri-
cans before the occupation of the country by the Hudson
Bay Company. This is situated on an elevated point
of land, about 14 miles above the mouth of the river,
and may be considered a fair sample of the hill country
of the region. This could have been cleared only at an
immense expense of labour, on account of the heavy
growth of timber. This is now partially overgrown
with a luxuriant crop of brushwood, but those parts
which are clear are covered with as fine a green or sward
of clover as can be found in the pastures of England.
Very good potatoes are found here without manuring.
At the Dalls cultivation has been attempted, but with
what success I know not. Above this point the banks
of the Columbia present a barren and inhospitable ap-
pearance. Not a tree or shrub of any size is to be seen.
Nothing but sterile sands, with a very scanty vegetation,
composed of prickly pears of very diminutive size, the
bitter sedge, so called in that country (genns artemisia,
probably), and small quantities of wild grass.
The bluffs recede sometimes from one-fourth to one-
half a mile or more from the river, at other times
they appear very close. They are composed some-
times of earth entirely, forming low, handsomely rounded
hills. Again they are formed of earth, tipped at the
summit with a perpendicular well of basalt ; and again,
in other places, they are formed of huge ledges of that
material, standing up from the water on either side, and
opposing their lofty craggy points to each other in per-
petual defiance.
As we proceed up the Snake River, the bluffs become
base
more lofty and ragged, and approach usually nearer to
the river. In some instances the bluffs consist of e
tghhe t of, perhaps, one
is strewed
re-
gular columns of trap rock, standing up perpendicularly
with regularly formed fragments of fallen columns. In
other places the trap formation is seen only at the sum-
fhruonnidrtehde fbeaent,k`whoifle the
ehe river,groundt o
a a ht
sum-
mit of the bluffs, forming there a perpendicular wall,
while the subjacent portion of the bluff is a steep de-
clivity covered with irregularly formed fragments of ba-
salt, or beds of clinkers. Such are the banks of the
Snake River, for 100 miles above its junction, with
the Columbia. There the Kaskaskia empties in from
the north. The general character of the Snake River,
so far as I was able to bear from others, continues the
same as far up as 'to the great cut, which it makes
throiigh the Blue Mountains.
Thus far no timber is to be found on the Columbia or
Snake rivers, and no soil for cultivation. Much of the
way there is nothing but barren sands, on which scarcely
anything grows but gibe sedge, which is so bitter that no
domestic animal will taste it. There are, however, small
spots suitable for cultivation in the vicinity of these
large rivers. They consist of
small alluvial
patches on
the banks of the small tributaries, at a distance, perhaps,
of one, two, or three miles from the main river. The
mouths of these tributaries are at great distances from
each other, there being only three on the southern bank
within the distance of two miles, and one of these enters
the Columbia nine miles below the mouth of the Snake
R ver.
The banks of the Kaskaskia resemble somewhat those
of the Snake River in^ their general appearance and 'for-
mation. The bluffs are of basalt, steep and rugged,
approaching usually very near the river. There is,
however, one vein of granite crossing this stream,
about 100 miles from its junction with the Snake River,
and another vein also crosses the Snake River below the
mouth of the Kaskaskia. A short distance above the
mouth of this stream, scattered trees make their ap-
pearance, increasing in number as we proceed up the
river. The banks also are more verdant, and are co-
vered usually with grass. Still there are are no tracts
fit for cultivation, except at the mouths of small streams

It is altogether too preposterous an idea to be seriously
entertained, that two great and prosperous nations, like Eng-
land and America, should go to war, for a few degrees of
sterile territory, like that of Oregon. Any four able states-
men, of the two countries, could bring the whole matter to a
speedy adjustment. Let our Government appoint Daniel
Webster and John C. Calhoun, and the British Government
appoint Lord Ashburton and Lord Morpeth, as Commis-
sioners, with fall authority to make a final settlement of
the whole controversy, and the difficulty would all be set•
tied in thirty days, witheat the loss of a single life, or a
single dollar of money, except the expense of the commission,
on either side.

An enthusiastic Oregonian was vehemently iasisting upon
a railroad to the Pacific, in order to secure a direct trade
with China, when a wag remarked that a railroad to China
would undoubtedly have a Trail.

A letter from Washington, dated Dec. 20, says :—The New
York Evening Post, after reviewing the ground in contro-
versy between Great Britain and the United States concern-
ing Oregon, and the strength of the claim of each, closes with
the following brief remark:—
" We doubt very much whether Great Britainwould engage
in a war, in which she did not expect an easy victory, for the
sake of supporting a claim so manifestly groundless as this."
WASHINGTON RUMOURS—OUR RELATIONS WITH MEXICO.
—The Washington correspondent of the Baltimore Sun fur-
nishes several interesting items. He says that " conferences
are going on between Mr. Pakenham and Mr. Buchanan,
upon the subject of the measures now proposed to be taken by
Congress for the protection of settlers in, and emigrants to
Oregon; for the extension of our jurisdiction over them and
the Indian tribes ; and for the establishment of a territorial
government over Oregon. Also, that the dispatches re-
ceived by the Government from Mexico are deemed to be of
such importance as to render necessary some immediate
movements on the part of Congress. Measures will next
week be recommended by the President, with a view to the
prosecution of our just claims upon Mexico to a speedy issue.
Also, that Bancroft, the Secretary of the Navy, is preparing a
report on I he sabject of the navy, which will be communicated
to Congress by the President next week, and which will re •
commend the immediate finishing and equipment of war
steamers. Also, that the downfall of Herrera, which is now
anticipated as certain, will break off all negotiation with Mr.
Slidell, and his speedy return to the United States may be
expected." Further, that " Commodore Stockton will reach
the coast of California just in time to carry out the views of
the United States, in case of a war with Mexico. That he
will have orders to take possession of certain ports in the
Californias, there is no doubt. The next question will be
whether Great Britain will tamely submit to it. It is con-
jectured that Admiral Sir George Seymour has orders in re-
gard to that matter, and will not be slow to execute them."
And finally, " that Mr. Parrott has been appointed Secre-
tary of Legation to Mr. Slidell, in Mexico, Mr. Elliott, he of
the white hat,' has gone to Mexico to prevent Mr. Slidell
forafro moptbtfrueomrypiineynrgg,balCobuia:nvliitidf3lorl,rrnyi.a,: Mr. Slidell is authorized to offer
twenty millions, including indemnities due to our citizens,
MR. EVERETT ON WAR WITH ENGLAND.—At the Festival
of the Pilgrims, held at Plymouth, in December last, Mr.
Everett, in tbe course of the speech, said-'4 In reference to
my late official capacity, to which ycnyhave Made an allusion'
oanndlythsaaty,afttt'eartthlatfewltatshdaitsclhawras,gedinwtihthe
instance, ttaon cme
y, s eonwt
nt o
governmentEngl a England to d o.a
nt e
cpublic r businessy,if
couldt o t
do
"fifirabnedsayefittltihing unofficially, to promote a good understanding and
kind feeling between the two countries, that also was a duty
inre
rent
thfer next
anything which
w hli
efehl t
historyth att here
is
records of etny wo
relation between these two great kindred s rme
ae4'tint tesind
otheritffhe the
countries. That there is something without precedentag
in th
rapid growth, youthful maturity, and early political separa-
tion of the colonial empire, arid in the strong sympathies. of

FRUGALTYS INVESTMENT ASSOCIATION.--The
fifth monthly meeting of the members of this institution was
held on Thursday at. Radley's Hotel, Bridge-street, Black-
friars, for the admission of new members and for the sale of
shares. Mr. Neale, of St. George's-terrace, Islington, was in
the chair. The object of the association is to accumulate and
employ the savings of the industrious classes. so as to assist
those who may require immediate pecuniary advances to
carry on their pursuits, or to promote any other laudable
object. Each member subscribes 11. per share per month,
and he continues such subscriptions until they amount to
1001. per share, which limits the duration of the society to
the period of eight years and four months. The purpose of
the meeting was of a purely formal character. Numbers were
admitted, and they,paid their respective subscriptions; after
which, five 100/. shares were put up for auction, and were pur-
chased at a premium, averaging 761, odd. The meeting then
separated,

TEE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, JANUARY 19 1846.

entering the main stream, or where there may be springs
of water issuing from the bluffs at a considerable eleva-
tion above the bed of the river, and forming beneath
small beds of loam soil and vegetable deposits brought
down from the moun ain sides.
Such, thee, is the character of the soil on the large
streams of the interior of Oregon. We come now to
speak of the soil on the tributaries. My remarks will
be confined principally to those emptying into the Co-
lumbia and Snake rivers from the south, and to those
emptying into the Kaskaskia.
The valley of the Wallawalla, and its numerous
undoubtedly treidv
el the T
hbest
apl
leerytioo ot
the
et hyea
a tinteriorYamatilla,
branches,
outh
ofr.
country. This stream empties nine miles below the
m
is
the Snake
however, which empties into the Columbia below the
Wallawalla, is said to be equally as good as that of the
Wallawalla. Both these streams have their sources in
the Blue Mountains, .and the banks are covered to some
extent with timber, mostly cotton wood and alder, until
we arrive within ten or twenty miles of the Columbia,
where timber ceases, and there is nothing but a stinted
growth of brushwood the remaining distance. The cha-
racter of this whole region occupied
by these two streams
is much the same, and a description
of the one may be
taken, as furnishing the general characteristics of the
other.
It has been said that " the upper country" (i.e. the
interior) "has a fertile soil, especially on the tributaries
of the Columbia River." Now, this remark is true, but
to a very limited extent, and this is the qualification
necessary to give the right impression. The only soil
fit for cultivation consists of alluvial bottom, lying in
small tracts of five, ten, fifteen, and twenty acres or more
along the margin of these small streams. At the forks
of two or more of these small streams the largest tracts
are usually found. The Wallawalla, with, its itumerous
branches, drains a wide region of country, and along
these numerous streams there is a considerable amount
of good soil lying in small detached portions, yet the •
whole amount, when compared with the whole region of
country drained by this river and its branches, is an ex-
ceedingly small fraction of the whole. These alluvial
patches form the lowest glade of land along
the streams above high-water mark. Portions that are
overflowed are usually deprived of the alluvial deposit
by the flood. These tracts usually lie at or about the
same elevation above the bed of the streams, find on the
back ground are usually surrounded by a steep elevation
of 3or 4 feet to a higher glade. The soil of these bot-
toms is of fine quality. The surface in its wild state is
covered with a species of fine short grass, interspersed
with thorn bushes.
The higher glade just spoken of lies at an elevation of
perhaps six feet, more or less, above the alluvial beds,
and is entirely barren and useless, covered with sedge
and green wood, with little or no grass. This glade
also is frequently impregnated with noxious salts, which
prevent vegetation. On the Wallawalla there is a much
greater proportion of this barren glade than of the allu-
vial beds, it forming usually the entire back ground of
low land, and frequently running down to the very brink
of the stream, thus forming a circular rim for
these alluvial basins. These alluvial beds, indeed,
have all the appearance of having once been covered
with a sheet of water, which, at length subsided by the
depression of the river channel, leaving their beds of
detritus and vegetable deposit to form the portions of
fertile soil which are now to be found on the banks of
these streams. Between the two glades of land already
mentioned, there seems to be an intermediate one par-
taking somewhat of the characteristics of both. This
intermediate glade always lies between the real alluvial
and the higher glade, and seems to have been originally
an alluvial bed, but has been covered over by a layer of
soil brought down from the higher glade which has de-
teriorated the alluvial soil. This portion is usually
covered with a species of coarse strongly rooted grass,
growing from two to six feet in height according to the
quality of the soil—it is most fertile along the borders of
the real alluvial, and its sterility increases as we
approach the higher glade, near which are fre-
quently spots so impregnated with salts as to
be destitute entirely of vegetation. The best part
of this intermediate kind of soil produces quite as well,
though not equal, to the real alluvial. But if portions
highly impregnated with the salts before mentioned are
ploughed up, the soil is soon covered with a white saline
deposite, and seeds if planted will not vegetate.
The greatest quantity of good soil and the best quality
may be considered about mid- way between the base of
the Blue Mountains and ail Columbia River. As we
proceed either way from the middle region, either to-
wards the mountains or the Columbia River, the quan-
tity of the alluvial bott In diminishes, and the quality be-
comes poorer. As we proceed towards the mountains
the banks of many of the small streams are low, the
channel changes from time to time, and the soil seems to
be all washed away, All these streams make their
entrance into the plain from dark, deep, and frightful
gorges of the Blue Mountains. The uplands lying
between the Wallawalla and the Yamatilla, and between
the several branches of the Wallawalla are usually quite
low, lower than in any other part of that country, The
bluffs are very low, and present no ragged appearance,
but are usually formed of earth, and rounded at the
summit. These upper plains are covered with a very
moderate growth of grass, though in many places, par-
ticularly as we approach the Columbia, they present a
very sterile appearance, and grass gives way to
the sedge Tim northern branch of the Wal-
lawalla, called the Tasha, which joins the Wallawalla,
twelve miles from its junction with the Colombia, forms
a pleasant valley, though the amount of alluvial bottom
is less than on the Wallawalla, and inferior to that in
quality; yet as a valley for grazing it is one of the finest
in the region.
In passing along the region in a north-easterly
direction, to strike the Snake river in the region of
Kaskaskia, we find the uplands more and more elevated as
we pass the Tasha. The next stream we come to
is the Takanan' which empties into the Snake River.
As we approach the stream we look into a dark and
frightful chasm, walled-up on either side by rocky bluff's,
and one is struck by the feeling that he has come to the
jumping-off place, at the end of the world. But by
taking advantage of a small ravine which ~reaks through
the wall, he winds his zigzag way down the steep to the
bottom, when he finds himself in a narrow walled-up
channel, in the middle of which it regains an elevation
at an angle of at least 450 to reach the summit on
either side by a straight line. The valley con-
tains a very few tracts of alluvial bottom, and
of very small extent. In proceeding onwards, one makes
his way up the steep on either side to an equal eleva-
tion ; and after a few miles down, he goes into the bed of
a small stream emptying itself into the former, the bluffs
along which are less precipitous than those of the former.
This valley also contains but a small quantity of alluvial
bottom of an inferior quality. After proceeding up this
valley for some miles, we mount up again to a still greater
elevation, and at length descend to the bed of the Snake
River.

The elevated regions are exposed to cold piercing
winds, and are covered with a very thin and stunted
growth of grass.
After passing up the Snake River several miles, we
cross over and pass over the Kaskaskia, a distance of 14
miles, when we come to the valley of a small stream,
called Lapwai. In this valley there is a moderate amount
of good productive alluvial bottom.
In passing on beyond this place up the Kaskasi, we
leave the river entirely, and pass over the elevated
plains, descending into deep and precipitous ravines till
we strike the Kaskaskia again at Kamtah, about 100 miles
above its junction with the Snake River. On the way
we pass through the border of the timbered region con-
nected with the Blue Mountain range. These plains are
covered with a heavier growth of grass than those pre-
viously passed over, particularly in the vicinity of the
woodland. The timber is a species of pine. The soil, I
should judge from the appearance, if cultivated, might,
in places protected from the winds, be made to produce
moderate crops of some of the smaller grains.
At Kamiah and in that region there are a few small
tracts of very good soil, which produces well, but that
is in the vicinity of the mountainous region, where the
streams are shut up in narrow rocky channels, and land
fit for cultivation ceases to be found.
One remark I will make concerning this whole region.
It is more or less exposed to frost, in consequence of it-
lying in the vicinity of the mountains. It is also ex-
posed to drought, and in order to ensure good crops irri-
gation is necessary.
One more track of land of considerable interest I will
speak of. This is the Grande Ronde ; one findS him-
self in the midst of a beautiful circular plain of thirty
miles or more in diameter, with considerable indentas
tions, where the several streams enter the plain, and also
at the outlet. The Blue Mountains form a high cir-
cular wall around more than half .of its circumference,
the remaining distance being shut up by a bluff several
hundred feet in height. Thin it is pent up on, all sides,
having no outlet except a deep channel through the
mountains, where the waters flow off into the Snake
River.

This place is evidently an alluvial formation. It is
covered with a luxuriant growth of grass, and is suscep-
tible of cultivation, though, from it 3 situation among
mountains, crops here might be ruined by frost.
This plain has the appearance of having been once the
bed of a lake, whose waters formerly filled its whole
basin, but by the wearing away of the channel at its out-
let its waters were drained off, leaving its present bed of
alluvial soil. More remotely, however, it may have
been the crater of a great volcano, which might have
been in action at a period immediately subsequent to the
an I the river-
throwing up of that part of the continent from the bed
of the ocean, and this may account for its present form,
and the character of the wells by which it is surrounded.
p places
s indications
fon nd tes
ma also of
with more
emissionsrec e n t.
In proceeding farther into the interior, along the
southern tributaries 'of the •Snake River, the country
in which there are
heComes niore brarrnionattearsn.pdriTdngehssiosloaructeca,uyrt,heplains eovered
with sedge, and the verdure along the small streams
obvd
foai mnlscianasn:
scalding
nee
gas
in diminishes.
ni Theresodonm.
e hot
Properly be deno-
minated only occa-
sional _
oa aseds.esert region,

—Having now described the interior country as far as
is necessary for the present purpose, it only now re-
mains to inquire into its capabilities and prospects.
It will be seen at once from the above statements that
the interior of Oregon can never become an agricultural
country, and consequently can never sustain a dense
population. It can be turned to account only by raising
flocks and herds, and in this way it is capable of sup-
porting-a sparse population, and a sufficient quantity of
alluvial bottom can be formed in the best portions of it,
to furnish grain and vegetables for such a population
residing there fur such purposes. It is necessary, how-
ever, to say in reference to the grazing capabilities.of
this region, that they are very far from being superior.
There are considerable tracts of waste land, worth al-
most nothing at all, even for this purpose. The amount
of grass, also, which the uplands furnish is very small.
Its medium height I should judge to be twelve or four-
teen inches, diminishing on the highest or more exposed
plains to six or eight inches, and increasing, particu-
larly in the vicinity of the woodlands of the mountains,
where there is more moisture, to eighteen or twenty

inches. The ground is thinly covered, it usually grow-
ing in bunches, so that not more than from one-third to
one-sixth of the area of the surface is covered. It would,
therefore, require some 4 or 5 acres to furnish the same
amount of nutriment which common pasture or meadow
does. Cattle thrive well in this region, particularly when
kept along the banks of the streams ; but it has been
,und by experiment that they will not do well on the
high lands, away from the streams, especially in the dry
season. Sheep and goats may do well in these up-lands.
The practice of burning over these plains annually,
which, however, is only partial, is an evil which must
cease, if ever the country becomes extensively stocked
with cattle. Cattle live out during the whole winter,
and the grass, which dries up during the dry
season, and remains in this state through the
winter, is standing hay for the cattle to gather
for themselves as their necessities required. Let
all this be burned over, and the green grass which
springs up in the autumn will do but very little towards
sustaining a herd through the winter, and starvation
must ensue. Cattle and horses suffer in the winter in
some parts of this region when there is an unusual
quantity of snow, and can find nothing to supply their
wants except on southern declivities, when the snow is
soon removed by the direct rays of the sun.
What then are the prospects of this region in respect
to settlement?

There is one motive, and only one, for immediate
set,lement in the interior in preference to the Walhamet,
anti this is the salubrity of the climate. In every
other respect the Walamet is altogether preferable, and
will continue to be so till all its land is taken up, and
all the grazing country in its vicinity is occupied. It is
doubtful whether emigrants will be willing to forego all
other advantages for the sake of climate.
The region of country described lies from 300 to 500
miles from the mouth of the Columbia, or about 200
miles above navigable waters. The Columbia is one of
the most dangerous and difficult rivers in the world to
navigate, and this can only be improved at an immense
expense. The time required to make the trip from
'Vancouver to Wallawalla, 200 miles, with loaded boats,
to make portages, &c., requires from nine to fifteen
days, according to the direction of the wind, &c. The
expense of transportation this distance is seven shillings
sterling for 90 lbs. The expense of transporting produce
down the river will also be so great, that it will enable
the Wallamet settlers to undersell and take all the pro-
fits. The only remaining method of reaching the lower
country, is by a road over a difficult mountain from the
interior to the Wallamet. I would remark, however,
that the country lying north of the Columbia may find
a more convenient outlet to the ocean direct to Nasqually ;
but my remarks are intended for the region lying south
of the Columbia.

With the drawback upon the upper country the pro-
bability of its immediate settlement appears to be very,
small. In time doubtle:,•s it will be settled by herdsmen
but all the circumstances connected with the country
point directly to the Walamet as the first region to be
settled. When this whole valley shall become occupied
by a dense population, and the lands which are now de-
voted to pasturage shall be in demand for agricultural
purposes, the more distant regions may be brought
into requisition for grazing purposes, and cattle
may be brought down from the interior
by a road across the mountains, to supply the wants of
an agricultural and manufacturing community. Thus,
in time, the whole interior region, as far as it is capable,
may become settled in this scattered and partial manner,
and become of considerable relative importance in con
nexion with a rich, flourishing, and densely populated
country, along the sea-coast. But time is necessary, in
order to produce all these changes, and bring into requi
salon all these resources of the country, which depend
on a great increase of population in one part of the
country, and a consequent demand for products beyond
the producing capabilities of that reigion. Q.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
MANCHESTER BETTING—FRIDAY.
CHESTER CUP.-1,000 to 10 agst Pedometer was the only
bet laid; offers to take 15 to 1 about Mr. Drinkald's Lot;
1,000 to 30 agst Warp, and 1,000 to 30 agst Ould Ireland.
HUNTING APPOINTMENTS.
York and Ainst y hds., Men., Linton; Tues., Green Ham-
merton ; Thurs., Copgrove ; Sat., Moreby-10i.
Sinnington hds,, Tues., Helmsley; Fri.. Gillimoor-10.
Bedale lids , Sleningford Park ; Wed., Pickhill ; Fri.,
Scotton Village-10 j.
Hurworth lids., Tues., Leven Bridge ; Sat., Kennels-10i.
Cleveland lids., Mon., Goldsbrough-10 ; Thurs., Nun-
thorpe.
Boroughbridge harrs., Tues., Red House, Dishford-road ;
Fri., Minskip—l
Lieut.-Col. Hit lyard's harrs., Mon', Acklam Blue Bell;
Wed., Kennels; Faceby Guide-post-10i.
Whitecross harrs., Tues., Tring Ford; Sat., Wingrove
Cross-roads-12.
Lord Redesdale's hds., Mon., Boulter's Barn ; Wed.,Ensham
Hall ; Fri., Tangley • Sat., Ranger's Lodge.
Ludlow hds., Wed., Serpent Inn; Sat., Norton's Camp.
Sherwood harrs., Tues., Rainworth Bar ; Fri., Robin
Downs Hill-11.
Raby hd3, Tues., Hartforth ; Sat., Legs Cross Turnpike.
Mr. Drake's lids., Mon., Edgcott Village; Thurs., New-
marsh Guide Post ; Sat., Barton Common-10i.
Mr. S. Lowndes's hds., Tues., Swanbourne ; Thurs.,
Shenley.
Lord Parker's lids., Tues., Harcourt Arms, Nuneham ; Sat.,
West Wickham Park—lq.
Earl Fitzhardinge's lids., Mon., Queen Wood ; Tues.,
Withington Village; Thurs., Greet Green; Sat., Broadway.
Cheltenham stag hds., Fri., Seven Springs.
Berkshire lids., Mon., Longcot ; Wed., Foxcombe Hill;
Fri., Hinton House.
Warwickshire lids., Mon., Snitterfield ; Tues., Metford-
' bridge ; Thurs., Shuckburgh Park; Fri., Church Tysoe ;
Sat., Stoneleigh Abbey.
V. W. H Tues., Bibury ; Thurs., Sevenhampton ; Sat.,
Charlton Gate.
Mr. Fine's harrs., Mon., Haddenham Field; Wed., Wet-
lington ; Sat., Little Milton.
Mr. Morrell's lids., Wed., Gore Hill, Ilsley Downs.
Oakley lids., Mon., Cranfield ; Thurs., Riseley ; Sat. Roxton.
Durham County lids. Mon., Kennels; Wed., Witton Gil-
bert; Fri., Painslaw-1:014.
Tiverton lids., Gibbet Moor; Thurs., Morebath Village.
Lord Elcho's hds., Mon., Detchant Wood; Wed., Elting-
harue ; Fri., Lilburn ; Sat., 13udlo-10q4.
Sir W. M. Stanley's lids., Tues., Woodchurch ; Sat., Hid-
derton-11. •
Harlon hds , Wed., Kennel ; Sat., Langley Castle-9.
F. B. lids, Mon., Constantine; Fri., Truck Hill-10i.
Mr. Brand's hds., Mon., Farling Green; Fri., Little Berk-
-11 amstead-10
Lord Southampton's hds., Mon., Stowe-nine-Churches;
Wed., Plumpton Wood; Fri., Foster's Booth; Sat., Preston
Booth.
Mr. Watson's hds., Wed., Whalton Village ; Fri., Nunnykirk
Prudhoe and Derwent hds., Mon., Ryton Kennels ; Fri.,
Whicharn--10.
Baron Rothschild's staghounds, Mon., Dinton Castle;
Thurs., North Marston-11.
Mr. Villebois's harrs., Mon., Barton Church; Thurs., Mr.
Gamble's, Shouldham Thorpe.
Norfolk harrs., Tues., Kerdiston ; Fri., Kelling.
Norfolk stagliounds, Fri., King's Arms, Reonham.
Pytchley hds., Mon., North Kilworth Village; Thurs.,
Maidwell-12 ; Fri., Finedon •' Sat., Clipstone.
Glyndebourne harrs., Mon., Newhaven Barn ; Fri., Broyle.
Eastbourn harrs., Mon., Willingdon Old Mill ; Thurs.,
Paradise Hill-10i.
Puckeridge hds., Mon., Furneaux Pelham; Wed., Wad-
dington ; Sat., Ardley Bury-101.
Fowelscombe harrs., Tues., Aveten Gifford; That's , Hary-
ford Moor-10.
Brushford harrs., Mon., Winsford Hill; Wed., Friscombe,
(Exton); Fri., Cowley-10.

COURSING.

HAMPTON COURT MEETING.

The Loughborough Stakes (8 dogs) were won by Mr.
Phillips's Victurine, and the Erskine Stake* by Mr. Baker's
Alice.

NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE MEETING.

The Sweepstakes for 16 dogs were won by Mr. G. Peve-
rell's The Case is Altered; Mr. G. Norton's The Maid of the
Mill ran up.

COLLIERY EXPLOSION AT RISCA, NEAR NEWPORT.
—The Monnumthshire Merlin gives the following list of the
ill-fated beings who have lost their lives by this horrible
accident :—John Danks, wife and family; Daniel Danks, bro-
ther to the first; John Danks, son of the last; John Watts,
wife; George Summers, wife and two children ; Isaac Bryant,
wife and family in Somersetshire ; William Bryant; Samuel
Bryant ; John Attwell ; William Harrison; Charles Collier;
John Bath ; James Gambel, wife and one child ; John
Powell, wife and two children ; Chas. Hearty', young man ;
John Evan, widower, five children, some of whom are mar-
ried ; Elias Jones, Geo. Williams, W. Thomas, Isaac Faidge,
Emmanuel Crook, James Crook, Samuel Silcox, youngl7neri ;
James Pike, wife and family; Jesse Hodges, Thomas % 1, of!d -
' ward, John Pool, young men ; James Lane, wife and child,
body not f ; George Curtis, young man, not found ;
George Banfield, wife and family, not found; George Ban-
field, jun., Thomas 13atafield, young men, sons of the above,
not found Isaac hovel, wife and five daughters, not found ;
James Gullock, wife and family, not found; J. Crook, boy;
We learn, from the same authority, that during the night of
Wednesday and on Thursday, efforts were untiringly made
to promote a current of atmospheric air through the impurely-
impregnated part of the workings. Water was continually
poured down the water-shaft, and every other available
means was employed to effect the desired object, but up to
the afternoon of Thursday the air at the inner part of the
heading continued so foul that the utmost caution
was required on the part of the men employed in
searching for the bodies of their deceased companions, in
Indeed,
order to prevent a second explosion. it was consi-
dered a very hazardous task to approach the spot where the
dead
b odies remainingstr onh chargedi-ntli pit
with
were
e raelo supposedphuroaa to
vapourbe,
and itillgth the air being g
e heat being almost intolerable. As a proof of the de •
stroving effects of the gas, one
to of
the
wa
body,' and some s burne
thee
paskrtian,ofnotthae ,;a•kesitoi,gaeoodf
hair
being
even some portions of the flesh, being burned to a cinder.
The coroner, William Brewer, Esq., and a jury, were occu-
pied during the afternoon of Thursdav in visiting the differeut
houses where bodies of the unfortunate colliers were lying,
for a view previously to the inquest, which is being
held this day (Friday), at the Albert Inn. Several
men were employed on• Thursday afternoon in digging
graves for the dead ; and the day when the afflicted relatives
of the deceased will have to follow, in sad array, their remains to
their last resting-place, will doubtless present scenes unparal-
leled in this locality. A coffin-maker in Newport has had an
order to provide thirty-five shells for the occasion. All
business was suspended in the neighbourhood of the acci-
dent, and a inure melancholy scene than that presented by
Rises, since the sad occurrence, can scarcely be imagined,
even if we pictured to ourselves the precincts of a battle-field.
COST OF FLOUR IN MANUFACTURES.--A Lanca-
shire cotton-spinner and manufacturer, who uses (accord-
ing to the universal practice) wheaten flour in the dressing
of the warps, informs us that the rise in the price of wheat
between last year and this, has added no less than 500/. a
year to the cost of the flour consumed in his works! Of
course either the spinner must lose this amount, or he must
add it to the price of his goods.—Somerset County Gazette.
REPRESENTATION OF WEST SOMERSET.— We un-
derstand that through the exertions which liqve been made
by the Qualification Committee during the short time it has
been in existence, a great accession will be made to the free-
trade.l
ranks at the next registration ; and should a# general
electiOn not take place previous to that occasion, the cha-
racter of the constituency will then be 90
entirelytader changed
s will be
that the return to Parliament of two free-
rendered a matter of certainty. Parties who
their pur-
chases to be-
come forty-shilling freeholders must
complete
free-traders
chases before the thirtieth of this month' in order to obtain
votes at the ensuing registration.—Somerset Counts Gazette.l