The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-02 00:00:00

13-jenrew,

LAjii AIONDAT, FEBRUARY 2, 1846.

Dr. PUSEY, who has raised such a commotion in the
Erglish Church, and given his name to a new Protes-
tant sect professing Roman Catholic doctrines, made his
first exhibition on Sunday as a preacher, since his sus-
f.ension in 1843, before the University of Oxford. Many
of the young clergymen whom he had led astray during
the period intervening between his suspension and the
present time have acted an honest part, carried out their
convictions like upright men, and openly enlisted them-
selves under the banners of Rome. They are still going
over to the Catholic Church in considerable numbers,
and if any doubt could exist as to the tenets, and doc-
trines, and conversion of PUSEY himself, the secession of
his disciples puts it entirely at an end. But strange to
nay, the original offender, the cause of all this lament-
able backsliding from the Protestant faith, the enemy
of the Established Church and the Reformation, not
wily still remains in the University to pollute the
sources of mental instruction, but is allowed to display
Lit all their naked deformity some of the most obnoxious
and mischievous pretensions of the Church of Rome in
her worst days. In his sermon on Sunday, so far from
manifesting repentance or any contriVon fur acts which
the University in its mildness only considered deserving
of suspension, he boldly appealed again to the authority
of. the Fathers of the Church, and seemed anxious to
place their authority above that of the sacred Scriptures.
St. PAUL, and St. JAMES, and St. Josue are only second
or third-rate personages—the great favourites, the guides
of truth, and the pillars of the Church, are St. TATIAN,
St. CYRIL, St. IGNATIUS, St. CHRYSOSTON, St. Au-
virrusn, and perhaps, also, another St. IGNATIUS, sur-
n emed LOYOLA.. These are the men to whom
this Canon of Christchurch looks up to as ex-
amples, and holds forth as models and instructors to
the clergy of a Protestant church. It is curious too
ma referring to his sermon (of which we have merely'
given an outline), to find that the main doctrines on
which it comments are of the moat dangerous
tendency in regard to morality, and are calcu-
lated solely for the advancement and establishment of
clerical power. The Church in the dark ages
strove above all things to put the laity under its feet.
It claimed power from on high ; it represented the
POPE and Cardinals, and archbishops, and bishops
throughout the rest of Europe, as the legitimate suc-
cessors of the Apostles, and asserted for them all those
miraculous and undefined powers which were con-
ferred on his immediate followers by the Founder
of the Christian religion. The right of giving or with-
holding absolution is one of the most powerful handles
to accomplish despotism ever invented. It makes the
rich give up their treasures, and renders the poor slaves;
it makes the crown yield to the mitre, terrifies the
timid, and subdues the haughty and powerful ; it makes
all except one class dependents and serfs, and raises
that class to the regions of divinity. This, as
might have been expected, therefore, is a favourite topic
with the Puseyites, and on Sunday their pastor carried
oat its principles to their full extent. This is what he
calls the doctrine of the keys—a doctrine by which the
descendant of the Apostles has thp power not to loose only
but to bind; not to remitonly,but to retain sin; and he thus
traces this power to its source and maintains the right
of the Church to it in the present day Now, the
commission upon which the authority of the Church
rested, as it had ever been understood by the Church
itself, was given in part in different words, at three
different times ; before the resurrection first, to St.
PETER as the type of unity, then to all the Apostles
(both these being in promise), and then to all, in fulfil-
ment, in the text. The greatness of the power
thus entrusted to man might well exceed our
belief, and make us tremble to execute it,
and almost doubt, as men had doubted, whether we
had it. But our LORD premised his commission with these
few brief words, conveying at once its extent, and the
rule and guidance of it As my Father hath sent me
even so send I you. And when lie had said this, He
breathed on them, and saith, Receive ye the Holy
Ghosts' to show that he who created man in His
own image, breathing into his nostrils the breath
of life,' was now about to recreate him in a
more perfect and divine way by union with
himself. And then he said, Whosesoever sins ye re-
mit, they are remitted unto them ; and whosesoever
sins ye retain, they are retained.' Understanding the
words in their plain meaning, of a power lodged in the
Church to forgive sins in His name, the very words ex-
pressed the fulness of the pardon ; the same word was
used by which He himself forgave." Aed then he ex-
presses his great regret that the Church has not re-
tained this power to its full extent, and seems to rejoice
that the Protestant Church has in so many instances
departed from the principles of its great prototype,
solely because the inevitable evils thus caused
will more speedily bring her back to the
right faith. "We might even be thankful," he adds,
" that the yet remaining rules, requiring all her mem-
bers to partake of her ordinances, had passed into
disuse ; to encourage it discriminately the approach
to the holy communion, without a corresponding
inward system, whereby they who were entitled
so to do should know intimately the hearts of those
whom they so encouraged, had brought us to an amount
of carelessness and profanation which, if known, would
make many a heart of those who had so done to sink and
quake. It was of GoD's manifold mercy to this portion of
His church, that He had at the same time by His provi-
dence allowed almost all remains of that outward compul-
sory system to be broken down, and by His spirit within had
aroused people's consciences to desire the full conditions
laid up for the church." These are sufficient specimens
of Dr. PUSEY'S fixed sentiments, and it is needless to
add one word of condemnation. The only question is,
will the University still retain as one of its canons an
avowed professor of the most dangerous Roman Catholic
doctrines, and suffer the Protestant Church to be de-
stroyed by enemies within its own bosom?

Tamworth—that is to say the monopolist farming in-
terest of Tamworth—is resolved, apparently, not to
allow Sir ROBERT an opportunity of acting, in his Minis-
terial capacity, with that independence which he him-
self claimed as the noblest prerogative of a statesman,
What cannot be accomplished on a gigantic scale—a
scale of demonstration proportioned to the vastness of the
proposed policy—they are now endeavouring to achieve
enrough the most petty and presumptous interference.
N.) urnecessary time is frittered away by these gentle-
men in a calm, and honest, and dispassionate examina-
tion Lhe aiguinnts; their opinions, for-
sooo. o!
~,t their moit n(•etiunts, forsooth! and their
I,!ti , f, rsooth! are; not to be disarranged, and
h' ~,, I:r. kcn in upon, for. i
the sake merely of
that' ar
zL
called commercial
thecl exigenciesit. Aof turn-
spittheir
d been
:8 ly
ithstanding the shortness of
t:a .
d
forefathers, and ,
o far competed with the short-
to interrupt the regularity
old animal was satisfactory to
nitessswionfd,
itshavlienggs,
of i:s movements, theas
it was necessary to supply w
themselves. True enough, the number of mouths which
absolutely doubled, and consequently more facilities in
with provisions had become
obtaining sustenance had become req
the turnspit of protection ! and down uwisiithte,
the be-
jack of free trade ! This is precisely
:tiTeUbPowttileth-

haviour of those dogged sticklers for the exist-
ing corn-laws, who are now attempting to do-
minate the country for a party purpose ; they
resolutely shut their eyes against the day-dawn of ex-
perience, they forcibly close their ears to the trumpet-
voice of reason, and are for blundering on in their old,
blind way. And, although the only feasible assistance
which could be afforded to a cause so untenable as that
of protection would be something specious in the rhe-
toric of its advocates, their orations are mainly com-
posed of personal recriminations and utterly useless re-
solutions. Nevertheless, what they lack in ability they
realise in determination and assiduity. Their philosophy
is peripatetic and practical as far as language is COR-
cerned ; but we rather conjecture they will find them-
selves in the predicament of the gentleman mentioned in
the nursery puzzle—who "walked and talked, and half-
an-hour • after his head was cut off !" We have
already observed that these agriculturists perceive the
impossibility of.retarding a reform in commerce by any
generalised effort on their part, and hence they resort to
the final and Quixotic attempt of trivial measures—
they determine, if possible, to destroy the present
Ministry by turning the Premier out of his borough ;
to oust the First Lord of the Treasury from office by
depriving him of his seat as a private Member of Parlia-
ment. This is indeed a dashing manoeuvre on the part
of the Warwickshire and Staffordshire agriculturists ;
and, inasmuch as it was developed in the meeting held
in the Town. hall of Tamworth on Saturday,
that meeting has a glimmer of importance.
A fortnight since at a similar assemblage
the fusee was ignited—it has now burnt
down to the end and the bomb has exploded. The lan-
guage of the explosion is, " that Sir ROBERT PEEL do
render back to the electors of Tamworth the trust com-
mitted to him." That language is to be conveyed as a
requisition to the Prima Minister, backed with the sig-
natures of many among his constituents : and this is an
epitome of the recent disturbance at Tamworth. Mr.
HENRY JOHN PIE, whose enthusiasm for a continuance
of the present system we had occasion to mention some
few days since, presided on Saturday as chairman; and
assuredly his style of discussion is immense fur its
audacity, however Lilliputian it may be for its correct-
ness. When, for instance, he declared that " the Mi-
nister had, by his own admission, been stumbling on in
error for the last thirty years," he was either
actuated by an erroneous impression, or was testing
the credulity of his auditors ; for, as we have
formerly insisted, Sir ROBERT PEEL'S political
career has been a career of progression—aad a progres-
sion most palpably graduated ; his conversion to the
great principle of unrestricted commerce has been
cautious, slow, and clearly traceable ; and hence the
assumption of Mr. PIE holds for absolutely nothing.
Neither do we perceive the force of his reasoning,
when he maintains that the proposed reformation in
trade should have been advanced by the League orators,
and least of all by the present Minister. Without reference
to any other consideration, it was the most advisable,
the most manly, and the most conciliating plan that Sir
ROBERT PEEL himself should advance the doctrines of
free trade in the House of Commons, and propose their
general adoption. As to Mr. PIE'S corollary to this
observation—" Falmam qui meruit feral "—such will
be actually and inevitably the case according
to the present arrangement. Mr. COBDEN and
his colleagues will receive their just guerdon of applause,
as among the originators and faithful upholders of that
prodigious agitation which is now reaching its ultimatum
of success. Lord JOHN RUSSELL will obtain the pro-
found approbation of his countrymen for being the first
statesman who stood forward upon this great question and
acknowledged himself to have been in error ; and Sir
ROBERT PEEL will have the praise of posterity for an
act of Ministerial greatness and political magnanimity
which is without one single parallel in the records of a
constitutional monarchy. The people will find that they
have acted as an enlightened nation should, under cir-
cumstances of a like nature, namely, peaceably but with
determination ; while the SOVEREIGN will feel an
ineffable satisfaction in the happiness diffused among
her subjeets, as well as in the glorious and bloodless
victory which will illustrate her reign. Animated with
these considerations, the Premier can treat the squab-
bles of his constituency with a placid and dignified self-
possession, seeing in them only the appeals of Mammon
and Monopoly.

Madrid journals of the 24th and 25th ult. halve bean
received. In the Chamber of Deputies, on the 24th,
Senor SALAMANCA made a long speech in his defence
against certain allusions of the Minister of the Interior,
which he considered were directed against himself. He
denied that he had made his fortune during the civil
war, for he had acquired the greater part of it in Eng-
land, by his industry and integrity. He had likewise bad
dealings with the Spanish Government, which had been
equally advantageous to the Treasury and to himself,
and he had powerfully contributed to raise the national
credit. At the same time he utterly disapproved of the
present financial system, and especially the connexion of
the Government with the Bank of San Fernando. Senor
MoN defended his financial policy, but we find nothing new
in his speech. The marriage of the QUEEN with Count TRA-
PANI iS Still a principal topic of conversation. The majority
of Members who signed the paper binding themselves
to insist upon a more decided explanation from the Mi-
nisters: remain firm in their resolution. General
NARVAEZ, on the other hand, is equally peremptory in
refusing to give any public assurance, on the pretence
that the demand is unconstitutional, and would be opening
thedoor to revolutionary exigencies ; whilst itis said that
two or three of his colleagues are anxious that some sa-
tisfaction should be given, so as to tranquillise the
country. It was currently reported that there would be
a partial change in the Cabinet in consequence ; but up
to the last nothing has transpired.
The Espanol, in adverting to the Count TRAPANI,
says :—" We want no more Neapolitans, no more ava-
ricious princes, no more members of a family wh )se
cold egotism forms such a contrast 'with the generosity
and nobleness of the national character, whose debility
would make them easy instruments of influences foreign
to the interests of our country."
The papers of the 25th state that a Cabinet Council
was held on the preceding day which lasted three hours,
and that a " Ministerial crisis" was anticipated. A list
of a new Ministry had appeared, in which are the names
of MM. ORLANDO, BENAVIDES, RONCALI, LARA and
CAsTao-y-ORozco, with General NARVAEZ as President
of the Council.

On the 24th the Three per Cents. closed at 324 at 60
days ; the Five per Cents, at 234 at 60 days ; and the
Coupons at 241 at 60 days.

On Saturday, in the French Chamber of Deputies,
M. BERRYER proposed, in a speech of considerable
length, his amendment on the sth and 6th paragraphs
of the Address, relative to the line of policy France
should adopt incase of a war between America and Eng-
land, and entered into a narrative of the differences that
had arisen between England and the United States on
the Oregon question. These had been adverted to in
the Speech of Queen VICTORIA, and from that docu-
ment it appeared that the contention was not at an end,
and that Great Britain would make concessions only
consistent with her interests and honour. An arbitration
had been proposed, but the United States would evi-
dently refuse it. A quarrel was, therefore, imminent
between those two great powers. What would the policy
of France be? M. GUIZOT had given the Chamber to
understand that it would be a neutrality, but the Address
said nothing of it. France would be placed in a critical
position, and it was of importance to fix the conduct to
be pursued by her in a solemn way. In his opinion, the
Ministry had inclined in favour of a power which was not
the real ally of France. Powerful interests and old recol-
lections seemed to connect France with the United States.
It had been, perhaps, more politic to unite against
a rival power that domineers over the world. Be this
as it may, the Chamber ought to know to what extent
France had been engaged, and whether the sacrifice of
her dearest interests had not been required. He next
examined the conduct of France in the question of the
annexation of Texas. He blamed the conduct of the
Government throughout that affair, being convinced that
it was not a French interest that had guided it. France
had no reason to dread the aggrandisement of the United
States, and no motive for opposing the annexation of
Texas. All the arguments advanced by M. GUIZOT had
been groundless. What had been the motive for such a
policy ? A desire to please England. The dignity of
France had been often compromised, and it behoved the
Chamber henceforth to uphold and guard it. France
had, without any interest of her own, been made to join
England in her opposition to the American Government.
The French Government bad not acted honourably to-
wards the United States in the matter. He then pro-
ceeded to criticise the French policy with respect to La
Flats, Madagascar, and elsewhere, and maintained that
in all concession to England was the dominant motive.
Reverting to the declaration of neutrality made by M.
GUIZOT, he said, nothing could be more hostile
to the 'United States than that announcement, or
a greater deviation from the true policy of France
M. GUIZOT rose to reply, and was left speaking
hour of post. The speech of M. BERRYER it at the
was said
did not make much impression on the Chambers, though
his sentiments coincide with those of all the Opposition
Members. Ergland can, however, see from it the line of
policy that will guide the Right and Left in case of a war
between England and the United States. Thediscussion on
the University question, which had lasted for four days,

was brought to a conclusion on Friday without a di-
vision. It was a long, tedious, and uninteresting affair,
and has thus produced no result. The opinions of
the Paris press on the new Tariff proposed by
Sir ROBERT PEEL possess considerable interest,
and we therefore give numerous extracts from
them. The Journal des Debate gives a sum-
mary of the plan with little comment. It states
that the reduction of duties is perfectly spontaneous on
the part of England, without any bargain or promise on
the part of France. The Constitutionnel says :

" This plan, presented with great ability, is equally well
concocted in all its detai:s. But it shows that Sir R. Peel
has yielded enormous concession to the manufacturing party,
and that the compensation offered to the landed interest is
little more than a nullity. The battle will be sharp, but can-
not be doubtful. Sir Robert has the whole Opposition with
him, and be will easily find among hi■ own friends a hun-
dred votes to give him a majority. Since the Reform Bill,
the Parliament of Great Britain has not had any question of
such weight to resolve upon as that which is now submitted
to it, and the changes proposed will, if they be adopted, have
most assuredly immense consequences on the economy of the
country."
- -

The Pt esse, after giving the heads of the proposi-ion
of Sir ROBERT PEEL as regards articles of food, add. :
" As regards manufactured articles., Sir R. Peel could cut
away at full liberty for two reasons. First, because England,
thanks to the secular protection which she has enjoyed,
and all the mechanical resources which she has appropriated
to herself before all other nations, is without a rival in all
the great manufacturing branches. Next, because by the
intelligent reform which she effected in 1842, the raw pro-
duce which she receives from foreign countries has been
relieved from all duties, whilst elsewhere, amongst us, fur
instance, these matters are still charged with heavy duties,
which necessarily increase the price of the manufactured
article. In proposing to the English manufacturers to' give
up a protection altogether superfluous, Sir R. Peel reminded
them, by a quotation from Adam Smith, that they had been
the first to invoke for their profit the establishment of these
monopolies against which they protest loudly, now that they
have no longer need of them. This little quotation, which
has the merit of being just, was much applauded by the
agricultural party. Sir R. Peel therefore reduces the tariff on
cotton, woollen, and linen cloths. It may be taken as cer-
tain beforehand that the imports from abroad will scarcely
increase fom his doing go. A 8 to silks it is another matter,
as the diminution of duties may facilitate some ventures from
France, although the duty is still tolerably high. The
avowed object of these reductions, and some others, is to in-
duce other countries to do the same. In this respect it is
probable that each nation will consult its own advantage,
convenience, and position, before considering itself bound to
a reciprocity which for most of them would be perfectly il-
lusory."
The Epoque says :—" Such are the general features of the
new financial plan of Sir R. Peel. He proposes it boldly,
reckoning on the wisdom of his combinations and on the re-
sources of the country to fill:up in:the Treasury the chasm
which so many deductions ought seemingly to cause there,
to serve even to the augmentation of the imposts which the
grand interest of the national defence necessitates. It is
wholly in consulting the wants of England, and without
having previously negotiated with foreign powers, that he
accords these new facilities to the foreign trade; the example
of England will besides, he hopes, find numerous imitators."
The: Siede: gives an analysis of Sir R. Peel's plan, but
makes only one observation of any interest. It remarks that
the Minister, although he has announced a reduction of the
duty on silks, which may have a beneficial effect on the
manufactures of this country, says nothing about French
wines, and proposes a smaller reduction in the duty on
brandy than was offered by the Whigs in 1840.
The Commerce says, " These: reforms are extensive and
liberal, and they ought to produce important modifications
in the foreign relations of England. It will be curious to
observe what effect they will have upon the manufactures of
this country. First of all, however, it is to be seen whether
Sir Robert Peel's plan will not undergo some material altera-
tion before it receives the sanction of Parliament."
The j Courrier Francais offers no observations on the plan
of Sir Robert Peel, but promises to give its opinion on the
subject.
The Quotidienne says—" Whilst our doctrinaire Ministers
are endeavouring to escape from crises by expedients of cor-
ruption, Sir Robert Peel is showing how a man of strong
mind can exercise a mastery in social transformations. The
contrast is a striking one. In this country the system of
artificial majorities leaves all questions undecided ;—in Eng-
land a policy of reason resolutely attacks and solves them."
The following are the opinions of some o.: the papers
on the late gallant affair in the River Plata :
CONSTITUTIONNEL —" It is with a just pride, mingled with
regret, that the public will read the various episodes of this
affair, in which the bravery of our soldiers and sailors were
again displayed, but the result of which has been purchased
by such sensible losses. An unhappy chance exposed the
St. Martin to the cross-fire of the bat. eries of the enemy and
to one of the vessels of Roses. Ile consequence was, a loss
much greater on our side than on that of our allies. Our
seamen were not wanting in bravery and skill ; what was
wanting was the prudence which is not incompatible with
skill and bravery. Here is a combat which costs us 18 killed
and 70 wounded. Will the consequences compensate fur this
painful sacrifice? This, unfortunately, is very doubtful. It
will be said that by the destruction of the batteries the
Parana is open to commerce. This will be the case so long
as the allied forces shall be present; but it is not evident
that when they shall have removed, Roses, who is master of
the country, will again close the passage. It is against the
power of this man, who is the enemy of civilisation, that we
should direct our blows. It is himself whom we should con-
strain to respect the rights of European commerce, and the
liberty of independent nations. As long as Roses shall not
be rendered powerles to annoy, the European question in the
Plata will not have advanced a single step, and the generous
blood that is shed will produce no fruit."
NATIONAL.—" OUT seamen covered themselves with glory,
and their intrepidity produced from those who witnessed
their bravery the most honourable and spontaneous testimony.
This is a new proof of what we may expect from our army
and navy when well directed. We do not hesitate to declare
that the English squadron also did its duty nobly, nor must
we forget that the soldiers of Roses made a valiant resistance.
We do honour to ourselves in rendering justice to our rivals
and enemies. May the fresh blood which has been shed on the
banks of the Plata efface some of the stains inflicted by the
cowardly policy of our Government."
COURRIER FRANCAIS.—" Whatever may be the result of
this affair, we canot help first of all making the remark
that here, as at Madagascar, the loss and damage have fallen
more particularly on us, and that here, as at Madagascar, it
is England that will profit by the combined interference.
We are no lovers of a glory that must be shared with others.
France reserves to herself the honour, and lets others reap
the profit. Here, besides, as it will come to pass at Madagas-
car, this first victory will not prove anything. To bring
under :subjection the Gauchos, as the Heves, it will be ne-
cessary to occupy and pursue after having conquered. To
pursue the Gauchos in their immense and desert pampas is
dangerous, and would be useless. It will be necessary,
therefore, to occupy some points on the banks of the river, as
we shall have to do on the coasts of Madagascar. What
will be the result ? That England will be there before U 3,
with or without us. We abstain from every other re-
flection." _ _