The Sun.
London, England, 1846-04-16 00:00:00

FREE TRADE IN RELIGI))i.

The town of Birmiegham has been in a state
o
commotion during last few weeks, in consequence of
a series of what are termed "Revival" meetings, the
scenes at which are of a most extraordinary and unpre-
cedented character. It appears that the Rev. J. Caughey,
a minister in connexion with the Wesleyan Episcopal
Church in America, commenced these meetings about
three months ago, in one of the Wesleyan chapels, and
that the effects of his preaching were such as to excite
members of his audience, chiefly females, to an extent
bordering on distraction. The notoriety of the preacher,
and the scenes that occurred, drew immense crowds, and
for sixty successive night the spacious chapel in Cherryr
street was not only filled, but hundreds had to turn away
from the doors for want of room within. The reverend
gentleman has now changed the scene of his labours,
having this week commenced another -course of meet-
ings in a different part of the town. The same results
have followed as at the previous meetings, and no
pen can describe what these results really are.
Some idea of the character of the sermon, however,
may be formed from a brief account of what oc-
curred on Sunday. After a short sermon in the morn-
ing of a practical kind, but chiefly remarkable for the
declamatory character of the style, those who " were
seeking salvation" were incited to attend the meeting in
the afternoon. At this service preparations were made to
assist all who might go forward in their inquiries and as-
pirations by about thirty lay and clerical preachers, who
had previously taken their place within the altar there
for that purpose.
Mr. Caughey now invited the inquirers to come for-
ward to the altar, and " when they were saved, others
would have the opportunity of taking their place." A
good many, principally females, at once obeyed the call,
and then commenced a scene of the most maniacal-like
description which can posiibly be conceived. The ex-
hibition of the unknown tongues was nothing in com-
parison with it. Some were sighing, others crying—
! some ejaculating scripture phrases with great violence of
speech and gesture—and some, again seemed absorbed in
a rhaesody of silent devotion. As they knelt round the
altar, almost every inquirer had one, if not more, of these
spiritual advisers kneeling before her, in close converse-
, t,zon; while others, less devotedly engaged, exclaimed,
The work goes on ! the work goes on ?" By and by
several of these most strongly affected were removed into
the vestry, where they r% ere attended by Mr. Caughey's as-
sistants ; but two worshippers, a man and his wife, clung
to the rails of the altar with something like a death
grasp, and continued in that position for fully half an
hour. Around these persons about a dozen young
ministers were grouped ; one planted himself on his
knees immediately in front of the woman, and while
vehemently entreating her to believe, first one and then
another of the congregation fell on his knees, and in a
state of the greatest excitement continued in prayer ;
others were singing, and just as the noise began to quiet
a little, the person in front of the woman stood up and
cried out, " Glory ! glory ! she Miens," when the
whole assembly within the altar rails burst forth in a
strain of the wildest acclamation—" Glory ! glory !
Hallelujah ! Amen." In the midst of this melee, Mr.
Caughey, who had been quietly overlooking the exhibition
from the pulpit, walked down, and taking his place
by the side of the distressed woman, told the audience
that she would " get saved that afternoon. The voice
of God had said so to him, and as her husband had
got saved last week, he was now wrestling in prayer
that his wife might get saved too." Again the young
man already referred to got up, and exclaiming
" She's saved !" the whole chorus, in the most frantic-
like manner, burst forth afresh in the exclamation
"Glory! glory !" This was too much for human nature.
The poor woman now completely broke down, the blood
seemed dancing in every vein of her head, and when
about to leave the altar she fell into the arms of her hus-
band in an almost lifeless state. In this condition she
was taken to the vestry, accompanied by the young men
who surrounded her, and the door was shut. In the
evening Mr. Caughey preached from the text, " This
year thou shalt die;" and after assuring the audience
that he had been commissioned by the Lord to warn
some in that assembly that this year they must die,
related the particulars of the cases which had illustrated
the truth of his divine commission, when preaching on
the same text before. The one was that of a gentleman,
who had become so alarmed under the sermon, that he
told his wife " that he could stand it no longer;" went
home, had just time to say he had insured his life for a
thousand pounds; that he had his soul also insured in
heaven, and died. The other was that of a poor man in
York, who, after the service, said to his wife that he had
no doubt but that year lie should die as Mr. Caughey
had told him ; and in less than ten days he was
found by a gentleman passing by the wayside, resting
on a bed of chaff, and uttering the words "God have
mercy on me," and he died. The effect of these anecdotes,
as told by the speaker, was such that but few people of
weak minds could withstand them ; and when the
speaker had worked the feelings of his audience to the
highest pitch of excitement, there was enough in the
scene to drive even wise men mad. Having requested
the gas-keeper not to turn on the gas till he gave orders
for it, the sepulchral-like gloom, as night came down,
was made a great deal of. This period was devoted to
the exercise of devotion, in which the speaker called upon
all who were impressed to follow him in his vow to " re-
nounce the world, the devil, and the flesh ;" and after a
while the gas was turned on, when a shout of exultation,
praising God that lie had illumined at the same time the
minds of the people present, closed this service. Then
followed a repetition of the scenes enacted in the after-
I noon, and, we believe, with the same or similar effects.
From this description of these meetings, does it not ap-
pear remarkable that with all our boasted intelligence,
there should still be so much superstition and prejudice
amongst the people ? It is no defence of these unnatural
and unseemly exhibitions to say, that the chief actors are
sincere, nor that in many instances good has thus been
done. That may be quite true ; but sincerity, without
reason and intelligence to guide and control it, is a mo-
tive that as readily impels to evil as to good.—Ckronicle.

SERIOUS AND FATAL ACClDENT.—Yesterday after•
noon an accident resulting in the death of one individual
and the maiming of another, took place near the Marsh-
gate, Lambeth. It appears that a female, named Hayson,
with her child in her arms, was being driven in her own
chaise cart, when by some mismanagement it came into
violent collision with a waggon that happened to be passing
at the time. The shock was so great that it precipitated
Mrs. Hayson, with her child underneath the waggon, when
one of the wheels passed over one of the mother's legs,
crushing it in a dreadful manner, while another passed over
the child, an infant about four months old, and killed it on the
spot. Mrs. Hayson was immediately removed to the nearest
hospital in a state of great bodily and mental suffering.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT ON THE CROYDON ATMOS-
PHERIC RAILWAY.—On Monday last a singular occurrence
transpired on the above line of railway. During one of those
pelting showers which have lately been so prevalent, the
labourers employed on the works have had on certain parts
of the line no shelter, consequently they have been frequently
drenched with rain, which has greatly inconvenienced them
in their labour. It is well known that the tubes on the line
are about twelve inches in diameter, and that they are con-
structed with a groove or slit at the top, which aperture is
cemented by tallow and wax to render the valve air-tight.
Shortly after the down train had passed the station near the
Dartmouth Arms, one of the labourers was non est inventus.
The rain was descending in torrents, and the other men
supposed that their companion had left the line for
shelter. After the cessation of the rain, however, as he
did not make his appearance, the circumstance created
some surprise, but the workmen continued their labour until
they were interrupted by faint cries, which seemed to pro-
ceed from one of the atmospheric tubes lying en the side of
the rails. On approaching the tube from which the sounds
emanated, great was the astonishment of the men on per-
ceivingture of the metal, at the same time hearing
had inducedn
the man
for help. It appeared that the showere
the extremities of a man protruding fromieane theand acprieesr-
ugnasubcle-
If from the pipe, and hence his cries for
to withdraw himself
tugged and pulled with all their might
cteoecdieidteirnthsgisticineozsintgehxntirmaeoliflliinna;Ttisihdildtiee_rt,.,itya,ndlie.R.wavasin.
assistance. The men
for i
drlenipgit,liing with the melted tallow.
the man was drawn forth,
e
Thno heat of his body and respiratory organs had effected
isthi exceedingly
n
his deliverance, when almost suffocated and completely satu-
ensuhaetiet de
satu-
rated with grease. Had he been left much longer, life would
epsolemteely time,
senseless when
and dripping
yel kind f
attenuated,
therefore Tinheenmtearinn
entering ha beehne
from the weather.
CHILD MURDER.—Monday Mr. \Vakley, M.P , held
an inquest at the Castle Inn, Notting-hill, on the body. of a
newly-born female child, which was found on the afternoon
of Thursday last, in a pond, near the Prince of Wales, public-
house, tied up in a bundle. Mr. Barnes, surgeon, of Notting-
hill, stated at the inquest that the deceased had been born
alive, and probably lived about four or five hours. There
were ne marks of external violence on the body to account
for death, neither had he, from the internal examination,
been able to find any cause for death. The Coroner said
there were many modes of causing death in an infant,
without any external marks being visible, and the jury re-
turned a verdict of " Wilful murder against some person or
persons unknown."
BITTER ALE.—I do not know whether the following
is the recipe for Bass's pale ale or not, but it is quite as good.
To make 100 gallons, use nine bushels of malt, or ten if
strength is desired, 23 to 271bs. Kentish hops, according to
the required degree of bitterness, three pounds of camomile
flowers, stewed in a jar and strained. Put the camomile
flowers and the hops in at the same time. Boil the malt
and water till the liquor begins to fine itself, and that is the
time to add the hops and flowers.—Correspondent of Gw-
dener's Chronicle.

A boar hunt took place on the 6th instant, in the
forest of Ermenonville, in which the Duke de Nemours and
the Prince de Joinville took part. An enormous wild boar,to
after having received a ball from the rifle of Al. Ahuedr, the
head the
de Joinville. The horse of one of the aides-de-camp head keeper of the Duke d'Aumale, was killed by to,
P animal's
in he leg by the
Duke de Nemours was wounded in t
tusk.
HORSE FAIR —On
BASINGSTOKE FAT STOCK AND
beast fair was held in
Tuesday the animal Easter horseo taned .I;;inee
real'
rhise
esdhleaespt
and the supply (particu-
the "Fair Close," at ther backbyf,
being fine, brought many buyers
slirter than usual, everything
larly of fat beasts) b(eingale;
twoh o'clock nearly all had
town. The morning,
good soon found a readiy
changed hands
nearly all sold early in the day, at full 20
and lambs were
atnhda remunerating
et: lut eu 1:
sear amt ien gq
u prices.al ty
per cent. better prices
Good draught and nag homes fetched good prices; in-
year.
ferio
r ones and
onces almost unsaleable. Fat pigs made 10s.
Is at goo
up to 10s. 6,1* per score pounds; many offered, some left the
fair unsold, this season being now in this part of the coun-
try nearly at a close. Store pigs, sows, &e., for keeping,
made from 9s. to 9s. Gd. per score, the supply being above
the demand; many were driven away unsold.
Two boys, eleven and nine years of age, had a nar-
row escape of being buried alive yesterday, while collecting
sand on Blackheath, by a quantity of loose sand giving way,
and falling upon them. They were with some difficulty ex-
tricated, without having sustained much damage.
NORTHERN RAILWAYS. We understand that the
Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin Company offered to amalgamate
with the Great North Company, and that the line to be
adopted should be fixed by three eminent engineers. This
offer has been declined, on the ground, we believe, of the
alleged superiority of the latter line. The Aberdeen, Banff,
and Elgin Company have exhibited a very accommodating
spirit, so far as to avoid the expense of a Parliamentary con-
test. They are, however, prepared to maintain the supe-
riority of the coast line.—SoottisA Railway Gazette_

1\

:AIM

-- -
GLEANINGS from the AMERICAN

PAPERS.
(From the Albany Citizen of Saturday.)
HORRIBLE BUTCHERY!

Utica, Friday Morning, March 13, 1846.
We learn this morning, by Mr. Prink, conductor,
from Auburn, that the house of Mr. Van Ness, a farmer
and supervisor of the town of Fleming, on Owasco Lake,
four miles from Auburn, was entered last night, about
half past nine o'clock, by some one in the disguise of a
negro, and Mr. Van Ness, his wife, and child were
stabbed by the villain, and are dead. His mother-in-
law and hired man were also stabbed, but are still living.
No further particulars are known, and no cause assigned
for the act.
It is reported that Mrs. V. N. ran about sixty rods,
when her bowels gashed out, and she fell dead. V.,
it is said, attempted to go up stairs for his gun, and fell
dead; the child, about two years old, was torn open from
its shoulder entirely across its abdomen. The hired
man succeeded in keeping him off with the broomstick,
and saved his own life and that of Mr. V.'s mother-in
law, but he is badly wounded.
It is said the murderer took the road to Auburn, near
which place one of Mr. V. N's. horses was found, bearing
evident signs of having been hard ridden.
The murderer of the Van Ness family was taken at
Fulton, Oswego county, and is in the custody of the
Sheriff. We understand that he acknowledges the deed.
He was at Syracuse Friday morning. He hitched his
horse on the north side of the canal, and was on the
steps of
.the Syracuse House when the cars came out
from Syracuse. He went to Fulton, where he offered to
sell his horse to the tavern keeper, V. Low ; this caused
a suspicion that the horse was stolen, and soon after he
left he was pursued on this suspicion and taken. He
bears the marks of the blow received from Van Arsdale.
We learn that Mrs. Wykoff and Van Arsdale are still
alive (Friday evening).
ATTEMPT TO Ku.L.—Manuel Sainz dela Maza, a
bar- keeper at the Brilliant Coffee-house, on the corner
of Marais and Customhouse streets, was arrested yes-
terday afternoon for having stabbed with a knife one
Edward Ennis, with an attempt to kill him. This affray
occurred in the coffee-house above-named on the even-
ing of the 4th instant. The man was so badly cut that
his blood was traced the next morning from the house
to Canal-street, across which he has been taken to the
Charity Hospital, and where he has been ever since in a
critical state, but now out of danger.—N. 0. Delta, Bth
instant.

MURDER.—We regret to learn that a murder was
committed in the neighbourhood of Dukedom, Weekly,
county Tenesse,u on Monday last. An affray took place
between Dr:Wilson and a man named Roberts, in which
Roberts wag stabbed with a dirk and killed instantly.
Wilson did not attempt to escape, but was under guard
awaiting the action of an examining court.—Louisville
Journal, Monday.
The Richmond Compiler mentions the death in Cum-
berland county (Va) of Syfax Brown,. aged one hundred
and fifteen years, four months, and live days. He was
for many, years the slave and personal servant of the
late John'Randolph, Esq., of Blattaox, father of the late
John Randolph, of Ronoake.
REMAraLABLE ESCAPE AND PRESENCE OF MIND.—
As Mrs. Patterson, of this city, was crossing the rail-
road bridge, just south of Asylum-street, last Monday
morning, the train of cars from Springfield came down
and nearly overtook her before she noticed them, when,
in attempting to get off the track, at the south end of
the bridge, she stumbled and fell, and not having suffi-
cient time to get upon the outside of the track before the
cars overtook her, she had the remarkable presence of
mind to arrange fierielf between the rails, with her
face and person close to the ground, and also to
i untie
her bonnet string, when the whole train passed imme-
diately over her without causing her the least injury—
except a horrible fright.—Hartford Saturday.
AN ELOPEMENT.—In consequence of fair promises of
marriage, a young lady of Cabotville, Mass., (a manu-
facturing town on the has of the Boston and Albany
Railroal), was induced to elope with a young man at
that place. They took " French leave," and went
straight on to Buffalo as fast as the steam-horse could
whirl them there. On their arrival in that city they
took rooms at one of the first hotels, ind the young man
told the all-unsuspecting girl that he had sent out for
minister, who would soon tie theirdestinies together in the
" hard knot," of matrimony. Bat then, poor creature,
came a bitter disappointment—a destruction of the
airy castle hope had built. Under this comforting assu-
rance, and taking advantage of her confidence in the
near approach of the consummation of all her fondest an-
ticipations and brightest dreams, the faithless villain
attempted to accomplish the ruin of the fair girl, whose
affections he had won, and who had given convincing
proof of her attachment to him, and reliance on his pro-
mises. But the fellow was baulked in his infamous de-
sign. The vigorous resistance of the poor girl and her
cries for help brought assistance ere her strength failed
her. The landlord burst into the room, aad soon
received a frank and honest statement of all the
circumstances from the girl. His measures were
quickly *ten. At his request the weeping girl
left the room. Then locking the door, he said to the
faithless, heartless fellow :—" Now, you contemptible
scoundrel, bring to me all your baggage, and open it."
The command was obeyed. " Now," he added, " strip
yourself of all your outer garments and hand them to
me." `Phis order was also obeyed. He then searched
his trunk and pockets,and taking therefrom all the money
that he could find, amounting to about sixty dollars, he
returned to the fellow his clothes and baggage, and when
he had dressed, gave him a hint to leave the house, that
he was not slow to take. He then gave the girl all the
money, and putting her in the safe charge of a Friend,
sent her home to Cabotville. He has since received a
letter from her, thanking him heartily, in the name of
herself and her parents, for Lis timely aid in rescuing her
so effectually from an unmitigated villain. The land-
lord has his reward. We trust the false-hearted seducer
will receive the full punishment his villany merits.—
Albany Citizen.
AN IMMENSE STICK OF TIMBER.—A twenty-horse
team, drawing an immense stick of timber surmounted
by the " stars and stripes," attracted general attention
in our streets on Thursday. It was owned by William
Howell, and is to be sawed into boat timber. It mea-
sured 423 feet in the butt, and 22-3 feet at the top. It
was 63 feet in length, and contained 620 cubic feet. Its
total weight was no less than 19i tons—the heaviest
stick of timber probably ever drawn to the city. It
was drawn ten miles by tike and Ellis, and is chiefly
designed for the yard of Messrs. IL, at Buffalo.—Ro-
chester Democrat.

COMMERCIAL HOTELS.
TO THE EPlTari OF THE SUN.

Sia,—Permit me to suggest, through your columns,
to the proprietors of commercial hotels throughout the
kingdom, as an addition to the comfort of their best
customers, to furnish the commercial room with a small
library. Boz, in his description of the commercial room,
makes it appear a very uncomfortable, because a non-
intellectual-looking place. Geoffrey Crayon, in his
sketch book, not much better. The occupants have of
a verity the best of everything the larder can afford ,
the attendance, too, is faultless, but, behold the corn-.
mercial room !—a map of the country, a framed and var-
nished printed list of the directors of the National and
Mercantile Provident Society, decorate the else bare
walls, and a bat. ered Directory, is all that is to be seen
connected with letters. This is the rule—a rule with
very few exceptions. It may be advanced, that people
out on business have no time to read books ; this, Sir,
as you will readily suppose, would be indeed a great
fallacy. Few of us are so constantly engaged through-
out tie days of summer and winter but there are hours
when to devise the best method of killing the time is a
consideration. Indeed, I venture to assert, that there
is not a sixteenth part of the commercial body who have
not sufficient spare time to dip into a volume. Granted,
that there is a sixteenth part who cannot command any
time, the remaining part possessing it, why should they
not have the means of so agreeably and profitably em-
ploying their leisure ?
It may be again advanced, that the resting man may
either take a book with him on his journey, or, at all
events, supply himself by sending; to some circulating
library in the town he may be sojourning in. It must be,
however, self-evident that both
thefirst
alternatives are attended
with great objho who would
carry sufficient reading fur place,
u must fill his
portmanteau with voiumt a ; in3otbrenele
every country-town which boasts a circucloanit%it is 'ut;
and fewer where books above the standard of the libraryliverva.
Press are kept.
I write this, Sir, in one of the most popular commercial
rooms in this part of the country, allowed universally
to be one of the best houses on the road,
end)
yet, beyond a Directory, there is not a bo,k
iti the room, whilst the Times and The Sun of
Saturday last, lying on the table, have been spelled over
and over again. We shall not receive the 7 ioies until
to-night, The Sun to-morrow morning—how desirable
a few books or magazines would bet Yesterday was
Sunday; 'twas fine, we could get out and walk; but,
Sir, all Sundays are not fine, and to be imprisoned
within four brick walls all day, with so little to fall
back upon as we in our rooms possess, is anything but
pleasaut. Besides, if com:nerciul rooms were to be pro-
vided with books, would it not be a step in the right di-
rection, in support of our country's literature?
I have hastily thrown these remarks together as sug-
gestions to the proprietors of commercial hotels through
out the kingdom; actuated also by a conviction that a
library in the commercial room is a great desideratum;
and also from the fact of the same opinion being uni-
versally entertained by thicommercial men of the pre-
sent day, who may be jastly called a new generation of
reading men.—ln haste you Ars,
COMMERCIAL MAN.
Newark, Monday, April 13.

# Ail mares and
EXPORT OF HORSES.—Twenty-six ;
gel.lin,s, were shipped on Saturday last by Mr. Riby near)
l-
eon, froth the White Horse Inn stables, per the Rob Roy,
Captain Knocker, for Hamburgh. Twenty Mall* and geld-
PuNbasel in the metropolitan marketp, by M. Von
Sachs, of Berlin, and brought to Hull on Friday last by the
Landon steamer, were re shipped on Tuesday from Smith's
'Black Horse stables on board the Leeds, Captain Moyne, fur
Hamburg.h. Two entire horses, two mares, and two geldings
selected...by Mr. Scholefield, of Faxfieet, for Mr. Straus, of
Vienna, -were also shipped from the Paragon stables, per the
Rob Roye. for Hamburgh.—Httll Packet.
[A DVERTISEDIENT.]—ALL HEAvy, SLEEPY, DROWSY,
AND APOPLECTIC SYMPTOMS IM9rEDIATF:LY REMOVED BY HOLED
WAY'S PlLLS.—There is often much danger to be apprehended from
attacks of paralysis or apoplexy, whenever any of the foregoing
symptoms hang about the system for any length of time. Such a
state of things indicates much derangement of the stomach and liver,
and clearly demonstrates a great want of purity In the blood. When
this is the-case, not a moment should be lost In taking a few strong
doses of "the2e celebrated pills, which so thoroughly cleanse the
bowe's and stomach, while they act upon the liver and other
ortans, and thus restore the blood to its pristine purity.—Sold at
Frofessoz.Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand, London, and by
an medicine sellers throughout the civilised world.
GREAT.. SCULLER'S MATCH FOR 2001—The trial of
aquatic skill between Robert Newell, of London, and H.
Clasper, of Newcastle, is fixed to come off on the 22d of
June, on the river Tyne, Newcastle,

COMMERCE OF THE CAPE
WITH MONTE VIDEO.

The following is from the Cape Shipping and Mercan-
tile Gazette, of the 30th January:—
" It has often struck us that our commercial relations
might be profitably extended to other parts of South
America beside the Brazils, and it is therefore with
peculiar satisfaction that we refer to the following notice
which appeared in yesterday's Goveinvent Gaulle, in-
viting a direct trade with the Rio Plata:—
"`His Excellency `t`h`eCoGloonviearnl-ooffir,ceh,aJvainng. 2rBe,cleiBv-te6d.
.a
letter, of which the following is a copy, from her Bri-
tannic Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary in the River
Plate, bas desired it to be published for general in-
formation.

' 'By his Excellency's command,
'" JAMES MONTAGU, Secretary to Government.'
" ' Monte Video, 23rd Dec. 1845.
" Sin,—lt is highly desirable, especially at this
moment, that commercial intercourse should be esta-
blished between this capital and the Cape of Good Hope.
In consequence of the siege, which has lasted three
years, and of the blockade by General Rosas for nearly
as long a time, and the constant state of warfare in which
the Government of Buenos Ayres has kept these states,
all agricultural pursuits have been interrupted, and little
or no produce can be procured from the interior. We
are obliged to draw our supplies from Brazil, the United
States, and Europe. The demand for provisions would,
therefore, at present secure a profit for the ex
portation from the Cape, of salt beef, pork, wheat,
potatoes, yam, &c., and, in short, whatever article of
food the colony produces, and that will bear the voyage.
" All sorts of dried fruits and grain, barley, oats, peas,
beans, hay, &c., would well repay the cost of conveyance
hither.

" `A small quantity of the best wine might find a sale;
but salted or dried is always in great demand, as also
butter and lard.

" If it meet your Excellency's ♦iews to encourage
this commerce, I venture to suggest that every facility
be afforded3to the master of the William Peile, Mr.
Joseph Sprott, and should his vessel require repair, that
assistance be afforded, if possible, at the Government
wharfs or docks. Probably, the arrival of this vessel
at the Cape might induce shipowners to send vessels
hither on speculation. They would, also, probably find
passengers from hence, on their return to the Cape of
Good Hope.
" At the present moment, horses might find sale
here ; gunpowder, ammunition, and military accoutre-
ments certainly would. Possibly East ludia produce
would also be in request.
" ' I take the liberty of recommending to your Ex-
cellency's protection and good offices this commence-
ment of a direct commercial intercourse between the
Rio Plata and the Cape of Good Hope. It would be
highly beneficial to Monte Video at this moment, and I
cannot but think might become highly advantageous to
the colony.—l have the honour to be,
" Sir, your obedient servant,
" W. G. OUSELEY.

" To Sir Peregrine Maitland,' &c.
"We trust that our enterprising merchants will,
without loss of time, avail themselves of this oppor-
tunity to extend the colonial trade in the southern
hemisphere by the opening of this new market. We
hope, as one of the advantages resulting therefrom, to
see generally introduced and domesticated in Southern
Africa that valuable animal the alpaca. On these and
other benefits likely to result from the new field for
commercial intercourse we shall make it a point to en-
large hereafter.
" The William Peile also brought to Port Elizabeth
93 emigrants, who, being principally mechanics, were
fast finding employment.
" Since the foregoing was in type an advertisement
has already been handed to ns for insertion, announcing
the schooner Swiftshure as having been chartered for
Monte Video. Having most of her cargo engaged, she
will be immediately despatched for the Rio Plata."

RUSSIAN OPINIONS OF SIR R.
PEEL'S FREE-TRADE POLICY.
We subjoin the following article, copied from the
St. Petersburgh Commercial Gazette, on the subject of Sir
R. Peel's measures, and the consequences to be expected
therefrom. Coming from such a quarter, it is highly im-
portant, as an exponent of the fiscal views entertained
by thelarge and influential body of merchants and traders
which the journal before us professes to represent :
" As the measures of finance which Sir Robert Peel
has announced in the English Parliament, and which,
from his great influence, will no doubt be adopted, even
if a few unessential modifications ara introduced, must
lay the foundation of a new epoch in the trade of Poland,
and generally in the whole commercial world, it may not
appear inopportune if we devote, in the first instance, a
few preliminary remarks to this system of duties. The
assertion which we have already expressed in this journal
(some few years since); and which was also transferred
from this to others, that no concessions were to be
made to England in order to induce her to effect a re-
duction of duties on corn and other articles of provi-
sion, as she would be sooner or later compelled to do so
for the sake of her own interest, now receives the fullest
confirmation.
" England feels that she has arrived at a point where,
if she does not procure subsistence for her working
classes at a far more reasonable rate, it will tecome still
more difficult for her to maintain a competition with other
countries, and this conviction must necessarily result in
the adoption of the new measures of finance. If these,
however, are in the highest degree conformable with the
designs of England, they cannot, nevertheless, be so un-
conditionally and generally recommended, as the public
journals will have it, to other countries, which find them-
selves in wholly different circumstances. England, after
attaining a commercial eminence which towers far above
all other countries, casts away the ladder by which she
has climbed to it. Were other nations, which bare not
yet attained this Alpine altitude, to throw away their
ladders also, they would certainly never reach the
same elevation. The most immediate great results of
the English measures will be, in the first instance,
a favouring of the trade and agriculture of the other
countries of the world ; but, on the other hand, a
powerful depression of their manufacturing industry.
An almost total freedom from taxation of all
natural products must infinitely animate trade simultane-
ously with the culture of the soil from which they spring
forth, and secure for them a richer, and consequently a
more remunerating return, in the prices of their produce.
By means of the more reasonable prices of provisions,
the English manufactures of all sorts will become im-
mensely cheaper, and thence their productions, as well
as the population thereby employed will rapidly increase.
This, and the simultaneously increasing, and now already
unexampled prosperity of the country, must also extra-
ordinarily enlarge the consumption of ail natural produce.
" Wholly different, on the contrary, will be the effect
of these financial measures on the manufacturing indus-
try of foreign countries. If it has been already difficult
hitherto for the majority of their different branches to
maintain a competition with England, it is certain that
the difficulty will become far greater—ay, and for a time
impossible—especially in those states which here only
recently trodden the path of manufacturing industry in
a larger proportion.
" Their manufacturing industry will thenceforth stand
in the utmost need of every favour which can in any
way be afforded it. As a means the following seems
here to offer themselves to us:—the utmost possible fa-
cilitation and extension of their circle of operations, their
especial promotion in the locality which presents the
most favourable prospect to each individual branch, or
has already by experience given proof of its advantages ;
more attention to intensive than to extensive encourage-
ment, and thence also an especial support of those
manufacturers who most advantageously distinguish
themselves in their craft, and whose factories may be
looked upcn as effective model institutions ; great
attention to every foreign and really improving manu-
facturing invention, its introduction and appropriation to
the utmost possible extent throughout the land, as also
the animation, promotion, and spread of the mechanical
and chemical sciences and arts of design, and their or-
naments, and refining application to the process of ma•
nufacture. We shall, perhaps, find an opportunity of
entering into further details on this subject. It will now
be sufficient merely to point out these means, their ge-
neral features, and to excite the most serious reflection
on the part of all those who are employed in manufac-
tures, or who are connected in any way with them,
upon the precautions to be taken on their side, and the
things to be done under the present newly shaped
courset of
i:
ecierretuaminsttahnactethey must devote the greatest.
the ac-
mostonot c
ni
irnc
tuem circumspect
stand
nd
ct.
seantlorefln
still, but
edpossibleart
industry and
if they d
ad-
vance with the most rapid in all
directions, in order to appropinquate to foreign ma-
nufactures in good quality and price, and at length
to equal them, in the shortest space of time. If their
prices continue too high with regard to foreign
countries, and if their premiums on the use of fo-
reign wares become too tempting, their productions can-
not eventually be secured by any support, any favour,
or any protection whatsoever, against the disadvantage
of a greatly extended, and, under such circumstances,
not to be suppressed, smuggling trade. 'We may ad-
vise the agriculturists to take the utmost possible advan-
tage of the present favourable conjuncture, by the
amelioration, so necessary for our country, of the cul-
tivation of the soil, and its thereby increased produce ;
' for the favourable moment cannot last for ever. The
' temptation will also increase the cultivation of the soil
in other lands, and the competition for importation to
. England thence arising will soon limit the profits that
will accrue in the first instance.
" This sure prospect alio makes it advisable for them
to refuse, on their side, all foreign goods and ether
manufacturing produce, and thus to support the do-
mestic manufactures to the utmost extent of their power.
The increase of the population and the wellbeing of
their native country may then insure them, in this very
thing, a good custom, and one not so exposed to the
disadvantageous conjunctures of the world ; but, above
all, it may become highly advantageous, by means
,of
the inestimable profits of a near and flourishing market
for the domestic consumers, and t'.e sale of a host of
their smaller, safe, and yet, in a dense population, very
profitable productions.
" This is a remark which we cannot too
their hearts. May they remember that, as
press upon
we believe we have already often shown, the higher
prices, which must be paid for some time to an advancing
• fee which a family gives for the initiation or
apprentice
inland trade for its own peculiar profit, is just like the
in future,
other education of their members, whereby, however,
not only better position is attained by them
but an advantage assured besides,
far exceeding the ex.
pence."

A few days ago a gentleman in Lincoln entered the
matrimonial state a second time, after being a lorn widower
for eight weeks. On the happy day, grief for his departed
spouse was revived by receiving a Court of Requests sum-
mons for the cost of her coftn

A HINDOO GENTLEMAN ON

ENGLISH RAILWAYS.

You doubtless have heard and read of railways, though
perhaps you cannot form any conception of them. It
was on this occasion that I for the first time travelled by
one a distance of two hundred miles. But how shall I
describe it to you? If I had the words I have not the
knowledge; I scarcely know what happened to myself,
much less could I take any observations of the mechanism
of this wonderful piece of machinery. As soon as I got
to the starting place I found myself amongst a crowd of
persons of all kinds, talking, hallooing, pushing, and all
seeming in the utmost state of confusion and excitement.
I thought some serious accident had happened, and
whilst I was vainly trying to gain information my lug-
gage was seized by some men whom I at first imagined
to be robbers, but afterwards found to be only porters,
and I was forced into a carriage, the door of which was
instantly fastened upon me. Before I could remonstrate
on this violence the train started off, and I therefore re-
!wiled myself quietly to my fate. Soon we were rush-
ing on like the wind in its fury. As I looked out upon
the road my head grew dizzy, my eyes dim, my senses
were utterly bewildered, and I hid my face in my hands
to recover myself. When I again looked up, we were
flying onwards at a still greater speed;—the birds in
their swiftest flight, the scud in the heavens, the comet
shooting amidst boundless space, seemed sluggish in
comparison with our furious, headlong travelling. The
sun was shining brightly upon a beautiful soft landscape
peculiar to this country, my nerves were beginning to
get reconciled to the unusual circumstances, and I even
felt a sort of pleasurable excitement, a species of mad-
ness, a reckless desire for greater and still greater speed;
when suddenly, as if by magic, we were cast into utter
darkness, not a ray of light was perceptible; I felt, how-
ever, that we were still rushing through the air at the
same furious pace as before—whither I knew not, unless
into the very bowels of the earth; on, on we sped;
minutes, hours, seemed to -pass, and yet no change; I
thought I was doomed to be whisked through dark space
for ever and ever, when we were again suddenly thrown
into the bright light of the sun. In answer to my be-
wildered inquiries, I was told that we had merely passed
through a tunnel or passage of three or four miles in
length, cut through a hill, which was too high for the
train to surmount; and that, instead of having been
hours in the transit, we had been but a few minutes.
What a wonderful people are the English! Here was a
stupendous work, a combination of science and labour,
performed at immense cost—and for 'what purpose? I
asked a fellow-passenger who sat near me, whether
the road could not have been taken round the foot of
the hill, at much less labour and expense. " Certainly it
could," he replied, " and for about one-half the money,
but then we should have lost full ten minutes on the
journey." All this science, this labour, this money, ex-
pended to save ten minutes in a journey of two hundred
miles! Truly, the English are a wonderful people;
they have a proverb that time is money, and, certainly,
although they are very fond of money, they seem to
think quite as much of time. It is a sort of phantom
that they are always pursuing; they talk of saving time
as if they could lock it up in a strong box, and keep it
there for use on some future occasion; want of time is
as general a complaint as want of money; and to cheat
a person of one is looked upon as great a crime as cheat-
ing him of the other, as may be seen by the constant
complaints in their newspapers against railways and
steam-vessels which have been a little longer en their
passage than the regulated time. We stopped at various
stations to put down and take up passengers; and at one
place everybody got out of the carriages in order to eat
and drink. There was here quite a rush into a large
handsome room, where tables were covered with a profu-
sion of various kinds of food, which everybody scram-
bled at, and began to devour as if they were in a starving
condition. While I was gazing in wonder at this scene,
and just as I was endeavouring to find something that
I could myself eat, there was a loud announcement that
the train was again ready to start; and, accordingly, out
everybody rushed, carrying me along with them. I was
obliged to pay the same as the others, although I had
eaten nothing; but I could not remonstrate, or the car-
riages would have gone without me. I understood that
not long since fifteen minutes' time was permitted for
this meal, but upon many of the passengers complain-
ing of the loss of time, it was reduced to eight minutes.
We soon arrived at our destination, after having per-
formed the journey at the rate of 35 miles an hour,
which I heard a fellow-passenger complain of as being
very slow, saying that he had lost twenty minutes, and
threatening to write to the newspapers about it. As to
myself, I was thankful to arrive safe, as I was in con-
stant fear, from the excessive speed, that we should
be all dashed to pieces. My kind host having sent a
carriage to meet me at the end of the railroad, I was
soon comfortably at rest in his magnificent mansion.—
Union Magazine.

BURNT CLAY AS A MANURE FOR
HEAVY CLAY LAND.
Several accounts of the good effect of burnt clay as a
manure have appeared in this journal: having used it
with success, I am induced to add my own testimony in
its favour, chiefly on account of the very bad quality of
the land on which it succeeded. It is a farm of about
500 acres, which I bought about seven years since, on
the Oxford clay, of the very stiffest description, never
ploughed with 1 !ss than four, sometimes with five (.1-
even six horses. The roil was like bird-lime in wet
weather, and in dry summers like stone, requiring a pick-
axe to break it. Many of the fields might be described
as being all subsoil, there being no real mould on the
surface. The average yield of wheat did not exceed
sixteen bushels -an acre, and on some fields
the thistles were more numerous than the stalks of
wheat. It had the worst possible character, so that even
in 1839, when prices were good, many farmers who
looked at the farm declined to occupy it, and I had great
difficulty in finding a tenant at all. Having bought the
farm, however, chiefly because it is the most difficult
sort of land to manage (said, indeed, to defy improve-
ment), in order to try what could be made of it, as Lord
Ducie and Mr. Morton have done at Whitfield with so
much success, I underdrained the whole, in the first
instance at 10 feet apart, but now at 30 feet apart, and
34 inches in depth. In order to make the land work
more easily, I procured from Essex some labourers con-
versant with the mode of burning clay which is there prac-
tised. Into the details of that process I need not enter, as
excellent accounts of it have been given in this journal by
Mr. Pym (vol. iii. p. 226, and by Mr. Randell, vol. v. p.
113). I burnt large quantities for the tenant, but until
last year no record of the effect had been kept, when,
seeing him apply it to a small field of eight acres, I
begged him to omit the burnt clay on one corner of the
field, that we might know whether it was worth while to
burn any more clay. Mr. Cheer did so accordingly.
The crop was a very fine one : and after harvest he
threshed out about one-Eighth of an acre separately
He found the result as follows :
One Acre
No manure .... . 37,
-,trds be- ' clay 45

Wheat
bushels.

80 yards burnt clay l „
80 yards ditto sheep-folded 471 „
It will be remarked that this is not a garden experi-
ment, but applies to a whole field of wheat, and that the
account was given in by the occupier of the land. Now,
I have lying before me the valuation at which I bought
this identical field, one of the worst on the farm. It is
los. an acre for rent, or 14/. for the fee-simple.
Thorough draining with thorns, at 10 feet asunder, cost
about 31. 10s. It could now be done with pipes for 2/.
Dressing with 30 bushels of burnt clay cost about 21. ss.
The crop must have been worth this year about 171., or
nearly the fee-simple of the land and the cost of the ho-
provements. It will be observed that on a third
lot the land was dressed with sheep-folding, in
addition to the burnt clay, but that the in-
crease of yield was trifling. The manure, in
fact, was more than the crop would b?ar, and
the wheat was consequently laid by the wet summer.
This is a conclusive proof that the burnt clay, in this
instance, acted as a manure, and not merely mechani-
cally. Ido not mean that burnt clay will always act as
a manure ; indeed, I know that it sometimes fails to do
so, and there is yet much to learn on the subject ; but
this case of success being beyond suspicion of accident,
I have thought right to detail the circumstances of the
trial, as an encouragement to the owners and tenants of
the worst and most expensive kind of heavy land, which
I believe to be the Oxford clay, where it is not covered
with soil of a different quality. This farm at Lorg-
worth is that on which the trial of the ploughs reserved
from Shrewsbury took place last autumn, and Mr.
Parkes, in his report on the implements, bears witness to
its obltinate nature.—Jo;ireal of Royal Agricultural
Society. Communication from Mr. Pusey, M.P.

LIMING POTATOES.—As I know that my authority
has a protection against the consequences of potato disease,
and as I have heard from the Duke of Rutland that his ex-
periments have not been equally successful, I feel it a duty
to society to prevent people from being misled by the general
terms in which I have circulated the results of the experi-
ments conducted here. It is quite true that the lime used
here has been invariably successful, but it is the magnesian
lime which abounds in this neighbourhood. In its caustic
state, it is fatal to vegetation. Barren spots are to be seen
in many places on the forest, where lime heaps were placed
more than thirty years ago. It is, therefore, easy to account
for the effect of this lime in stopping the propagation of this
disease. The lime used by the Duke of Rutland I under-
stand to have been the crich-lime, which is very pure lime,
and has no such destructive qualities. It is, therefore, only
necessary to state the distinction to account for the difference.
Charcoal is quite as effectual as the magnesian lime.—Scott
Portland Welbeck, March 18.

INDIAN VOCABULARY.—To assist such of our readers
t princess—
bungalow,
miles—
cummerbund, as may be occasionally at a loss in reading the Indian news,
from ignorance of the language, we subjoin the meaning of a
few words most commonly in use in the newspapers :—Baboo,
w
a Ilindoo title, answering to our esquire—began,
bungalow, a cottage made of bamboo and mats, with pro-
jecting thatch roof—coolie, a porter—coss, about
a sash—cutwal, a magistrate—dale, the post—
decoit, a river pirate—dewan, a prime minister, and some-
times an agent—dhoolie, a letter—dooab, a tract of country
between two rivers—dustoor, custom—durbar, the court, or
council—fakir, a relit ions mendicant—feringee, a European
—firman, a royal order—ghat, in the east, a landing-place;
in the west and south, a pass of a mountain, or a moun-
tain range—guicwar, a sovereign—havildar, an officer in the
army—hooka, a pipa—houdah, a seat on an elephant—
hurkaru, messenger—jagliire, an estate assigned by govern-
ment—jungle, a thicket —kbelat, an honorary dress—maha-
raja, a great king—marabout, a holy man—mohout,
an elephantdriver—mohur, a gold coin, worth sixteen rupees
in Bengal—musnuil, a throne—nuliah, a brook or small
branch of a river—nuzzur, an offering—paddy, rice in the
husk—pagoda, Indian temple— peishwa, a sovereign—peon,
messenger—punjaub, five rivers—raunee, a princess—ryut, a
peasant—sahib, lord—sues, a groom—sepoys, native troops
a
traveller serang, a master of a vessel—Singh, lion—
in the British service—serai, Mussulman place of rest for
sadder dewannee, courts of
ininister—suddur adawlut and su
rank in the arm
lion—
sircar, a governor, also a head servant— sirdar, a headman or
justice--subandar, officer of highest S
' t y—
vakeel, an envoy—vedas, .
or vizzier, prime minister—zern d r, the bolder of a zemin-
darym a
is a hundred lees. A
the Hindoo crip ures—wuzzeer
or province. A crore of rupees
one bun -
two shillings. A pice is the twelfth of an anna, or
hundred thou.9and rupees is-one lac. A rupee is about
dred and ninety-second part of a rupee.