The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-02 00:00:00

*THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNES DA EVENING, SEPTEMBER 2, 1846.

greater devastation through( )ut the country
than on the occasion of its at ppearance in 1845.
Terrible, however, as was this pie ture, it is as nothing
to the confirmations of the f,ccouni ~ now arriving week
after week at Liverpool rx.clßrist 3. I. From one extremity
of Ireland to the oth,,it —eastw ardsovestwa'rds, north-
wards, and southw•Ards—that vegetable 'pestilence has
extended, witheri og the foliag e t )f the svljacent hedges,
blasting the v. irdant stalks anc 1 lea- yes of the potato
plant to a bro.wn and pestiferou s de, cay, and soddening
the tubers -with the most ir, ter/ .dicable rottenness.
That be sutiful epithet, appli ed to his country by
Alooftz
and his brother melodi At 3, is no longer appli-
cable.. " The Emerald Island"' is now a mockery to
a / And reeking with noxiowt • vapours and fruitless
fields. The " green isle of the ocean" presents
1
a landscape now more de' tilorable than wilder-
nesses of sand. Its population behold their toil
in cultivating the earth :rendered useless by
an alarming freak of nal are ; they find their
scanty provisions turning i nto poison round their
hovels ; they hear of cor miderable quantities of
oats and wheat exported fro) 21 the markets of Lime-
rick and elsewhere, and they A+:, 2 assured, as they turn
to obey the promptings of hw J 8 -er, by devouring their
infected potatoes, that they
mill ht with equal wisdom
consume proportionate quant
sties of arsenic. No
language, however sombre, c an convef any adequate
impression of the mournfulr tess and the inauspicious
gloom which pervades the it 'land, and even the sea-
ward districts of Ireland. aevertheless, it is suffi-
cient briefly to say that sr kch is literally the con-
dition of her people. We hr we no ambition to harrow
the feelings of the public by detailing the pangs of
their countrymen. We -never took pleasure in
lingering over the 'wor.fs of UGOLIIIO, or over
suck spectacles of •sufferings as that described by
DANTF, in his narrative 'of purgatory, where
• one phantom 'tore the hair and scalp of his
enemy off with his teeth, and glanced up for
an instant at the bard with his jaws dripping with
. blood, and clogged with hair: from the prosecution of
his devilish banquet. Our sympathies do not
attract us in such a horrid direction. A calm and
e74plicit statement of the broad fact will be amply
sufficient for our purpose :—the potato crop is destroyed
throughout Ireland—cholera has already appeared in
those quarters where the contaminated rocts have been
devoured—starvation and contagion must inevitably
follow, unless efforts are made to eradicate the dis•
ease already generated, and to supply the deficiency
by the importation of provisions and the giving em-
ployment to the sufferers.

Impressed with the reality of the emergency, it
becomes of next importance to inquire whether the
movements and propositions of the Executive are
proportioned to that emergency. We think not. The
Administration has proceeded upon the right prin-
ciple ; we believe the various members of the Cabi-
net to be actuated by the most generous sentiments
towards the Irish population, and yet we are per-
suaded from our hearts that more remains to be done,
if they would effectually allay the social and corpo-
real and moral pangs of that heretofore doomed and
luckless race. Soothing syrups are inadequate to
calm a body so racked and tormented ; the devil, by
which its constitution is rent and contorted, must be
exorcised before anything like a healthful calm can
be restored. Fifty thousand pounds—calls upon
baronies—recommendations to the merchants of
Ireland to import Indian corn and meal for honie
consumption, and such like precautions, are not suffi-
cient, we are assured, to restore the community to
peace, plenty, and contentment. They are, as pre-
liminary measures, admirable. And for having so
far answered to the call of a whole nation for protec-
tion and assistance, the Government has acted wisely
and nobly. It has, indeed, entitled itself to the
emphatic commendations and support of Mr. O'Cox-
NELL. "I am bound to say," exclaimed the Libe-
rator, on Monday morning, " I am bound to say the
Government shows the utmost degree of anxiety to
afford relief!" That is precisely the position of the
question. Lord JOHN RUSSELL and his colleagues
have shown themselves, and we believe them to be,
the true friends of Ireland. They have shown them-
selves to be thus animated with sentiments of good-
will to that island by the conciliation of their Parlia-
mentary and Ministerial behaviour, by the appoint-
ments under Government, by the expressions in
which they have alluded to Irish destitution
and Irish distress. They have shown it in
the measures passed through both Houses
immediately before the prorogation of Parliament.
The Ministers have indeed evinced the utmost
anxiety to relieve ; but the question immediately
under consideration is, not as to the anxiety to relieve,
but as to the relief itself. We are compelled to think
thus from the calamitous condition of Ireland ; and,
thinking thus, we are most anxious for activity, acti-
vity, activity. Nevertheless, we are really sanguine of
the ultimate safety and happiness of Ireland, because
we are likewise sanguine that her MAJESTY 'a Ministers
will be as vigilant as they have already proved them-
selves wise and generous.

According to our promise we resume the consi-
deration of the Report of the Committee of Rail-
ways. The other recommendations on the Com-
mittee are, first, that "No future lines, either for
main trunks or branches, should be ceded, except for
terms of years." We do not think that the policy of
this suggestion is quite so clear as that of the others
to which we have already called attention, now that
the principal and most remunerative lines have
been already constructed or sanctioned by the Legis-
lature, and a variety of other projects have been
embarked in, which have only been postponed until
the next session of Parliament; which, if then ap-
proved of, could not in justice or equity be made sub-
ject to the operation of a law not in existence when
the capital was subscribed and the preliminary
expenses incurred. The lines which are not included
in either of the above categories do not afford so
tempting a prospect to capitalists desirous of per-
manent investment, as to lead to the supposition that
they will be undertaken and carried into execution, if
the proprietors are to be entitled to them only for a
limited term of years, in place of in perpetuity, as
heretofore. The Government must,therefore, in all pro-
bability, either construct them with the public money,
or suffer the wants of the country to remain unpro-
vided for; either of which courses appears to us
highly objectionable. We think that the Government
should never enter into competition with the subjects
in fair and bonli fide speculations; the prosperity of a
country is owing to the wealth of individual mem-
bers more than to that of the State itself. And we
think that greater happiness and benefit to the nation,
in general, will be obtained by the large amount of
capital represented by railway, being permitted to
remain in the hands of the proprietors, than if it had,
on the expiration of the terms of years for which
they had been conceded, become the exclusive
property of the State. We think the true and
just principle is, that the most perfect freedom
of action should be conceded to every person
in any enterprise in which he may think it desirable
to embark. If the Government are to be suffered to
become traders, to embark in any project or under-
taking, because it appears likely to prove profitable,
the natural and probable result will be, that indivi-
dual enterprise will be extinguished in that particular
branch where the nation itself starts as a competitor
and rival. We profess ourselves to be free-traders in
the most extended meaning of the term, and we con-
ceive that, by such an interference, the energies of
the people would be cramped and fettered. The
public have a right to demand that the fullest con-
trol and superintendence shall be exercised by a com-
petent body over the management of the different
companies, so that the national interests should not
be prejudiced by the exclusive rights conceded to
them, but with tbat exception, which necessity de-
mands, it should be left in the hands of the pro-
prietary.
The second recommendation, that full and ac-
curate accounts of the proceedings of railway
companies, embracing their whole receipts and ex-
penditure, shall be laid from time to time before Par-
liament, we fully assent to ; the greatest degree of
publicity, should be given to all their acts in order
that it may be fully tested whether the mode of their
management is correct in principle, and beneficial
both to themselves and the public in its results—in-
'lced the due control and superintendence, the necessity
if which we have advocated, demands this publicity to
give it effect. The third and fourth recommenda-
tions, we have already alluded to, and expressed our
approbation of, wid tgfiQ the fifth, which has *goy

been partially acted on by the formation of the new
railway board, to which all the necessary powers will
be accorded next session. The preliminary inquiries
thereby suggested will be valuable, not merely in
deciding what lines are necessary for the supply of
the wants of the country, and how far a given project
may be conducive to that end, and providing Par-
liament with such information as may be of use
to enable it to legislate in the way most beneficial
to the public, but also in materially diminishing the
extraordinary amount of preliminary expenses, legal
and otherwise, the magnitude of which is one of the
greatest blots and abuses on the English system. The
Parliamentary expenses of the Great Western Rail-
way are stated to have been 1,0001. per mile, of the
London and Birmingham 6501. per mile, and of the
Eastern Counties, of fifty-one miles, 45,0901., while
the other preliminary expenses amounted to no less
a sum than 48,6501., making no less an expenditure
than 93,8401., before one single shilling was expended
in the actual construction of the works. This fearful
waste of the public money is a grievance to which
there must be placed some limitation. If returns
could be obtained of the solicitors' bills of costs and
other expenses incurred during the progress of the
mania last year, in the several schemes that never
even came before Parliament, or did not obtain the
legislative sanction, a sum total would be
presented that would astound the public. When it is
stated on good authority that the solicitor's account in
one Bill, which never went beyond the Standing
Orders' Committee of the House of Commons,
amounted to no less a sum than 82,000/., and this
exclusive of the expenses of engineers, and various
other outlays, some notion may be formed of the
aggregate of the 700 schemes, and upwards, which
came to an untimely end, or at least did not receive
the sanction of the Legislature. They certainly
manage things far better in France, in this respect,
when we find, that in the Rouen and Havre line, the
expenses incurred in the inquiry before the board,
and up to the time the Act was obtained, amounted to
only 7001., about the one-hundredth part of what it
would hare cost in this country—indeed, we fear that
the great facility given to the creation of costs
and law expenses was the original and ex-
citing cause of a very large proportion of the
crude and undigested schemes by which the country
was last year deluged, and which did so much mis-
chief in its results. A lawyer wanted business, and
forthwith a railway was got up for his especial
benefit. He had his staff of provisional committee-
men ready, who, dazzled by the premiums at which
every new scheme came out, and, reckless of the lia-
bilities and consequences entailed upon themselves,
too readily lent the sanction of their names to any
undertaking.

The only remaining recommendation is, " that the
companies should he obliged to carry the Post-office
mails by passenger trains, free of all charges, and at
times when there are no passenger trains for the ad-
ditional expense thereby occasioned." Now we
cannot assent to this suggestion. We see no reason
why the Government should be permitted to take the
property or the labour of individuals without a fair
recompense therefor; every facility that is re-
quired for the public service should be given,
and at a fair and reasonable rate ; but that pressing
into the public service gratuitously what may be
obtained by paying for it, is one of the most objec-
tionable features of a despotic power. We think
that point may be fairly left to the control and super-
intendence of the new board, to decide on a fair and
equitable adjustment of the question between the
companies and the public. The same may be said of
the case of soldiers, sailors, and other bodies of men
in the public service, the alterations respecting which
have not been considered by the Committee. On the
whole the report may be considered a most valuable
document, affording data and premises on which the
public may be enabled to arrive at just and reason-
able conclusions; and much is due to Mr. MORRISON
and his coadjutors for the zeal and ability with which
they conducted the inquiry entrusted to their charge.

It appears that the person who sent the box of
explosive materials to the Prince of SAMOS, at Con-
stantinople, with the intention of murdering his
Highness, and the explosion from which wounded
his servant and physician, is a certain CONSTANTINE
STAMATIDES, the friend and associate of M. COLETTI,
the Prime Minister of Greece, of M. PIscATORY, the
French Ambassador at the Court of Athens, and who
accompanied the French Admiral TURPIN as inter-
preter, during his recent voyage in the Archipelago.

The question of the Jesuits was considered by the
Swiss Diet, which was held at Zurich on the 25th of
August. On the question being put to the vote, the
following were the results :—For the abandonment of
the question, 8} states; to declare the question a
federal affair, 1(4- states ; to summon all the states to
repel the Jesuits, 91 states; to invite only Lucerne
to expel them, 8f states ; to invite the three other
states to adopt that zeasure, states ;to prohibit
any further reception of the Jesuits, 10 states.

We learn from a letter, published in the German
Gazette of Frankfort, that the Austrian Government
had consented to take off the sequestration placed on
the property of the Princess CZARTORYSKI in Galicia,
on the Prince signing a written engagement not to
interfere in the affairs of Poland. The latest intelli-
gence from Galicia is to the 18th ult., and is pub-
lished in the Cologne Gazette. It is as follows :-
1 "We learn from Tarnow, of the 16th, that the peasants
of Wolga, near Dembetza, to the number of 200, exciu d
by a Jewish emissary, assailed the Chateau of Wulga,
and pillaged it. The owner of the chateau escaped with
great difficulty. On the receipt of this news a detach-
ment of cavalry left Dembetza for Wolga, and dispersed
the band, taking 26 prisoners. The principal leader,
however, escaped. This event has caused so much alarm
among the gentry, that they all left their country houses
and sought refuge in the towns. Tarnow is full of re-
fugees. The reports in circulation, that disturbances
had taken place in the circles of Lemberg, is without
foundation—everything remains tranquil."
The King of DENMARK has accepted the resigna-
tion of the Prince of AUGUSTENBURO as Commander-
in-Chief of Schleswig-Holstein, and discharged him
from the office of President of the Regency of the
the Duchy. Major-General Luzow is appointed
Commander-in-Chief. His MAJESTY has, however,
continued to the Prince of AUGIJSZENBIIRG the emo-
luments of the offices held by him as a pension.
A letter from Ystad, in Scania (Sweden) of the
24th, says :
" The King and Queen of Sweden have been attacked
with the measles, while on a visit at the Chateau of the
Count de Piper, at Krageholm, but are now in a state of
convalescence. The disorder has been very prevalent in
this province during the summer. The Prince Royal
and Prince Augustus have also suffered from it, but
slightly. The squadron of evolution has brought back
Prince Oscar from St. Petersburgh to Calscrona. His
reception by the Emperor of Russia was most gracious.
The Prince Royal and Prince Gustavus are to be present
at the manoeuvres of the camp in Silesia, and will after-
wards visit the Courts of Dresden and Munich. The
Queen-Mother will not return to Stockholm until their
Majesties are perfectly recovered."
The Augsburgh Gazette publishes a letter, dated
Athens, August 13, which states that the Govern-
ment had submitted to the Chamber a Bill, declaring
that two-thirds of the surplus of the receipts over the
expenditure of :the year 1845.6, should be employed
in payment of the interest and sinking fund of the
debt due by Greece to England and Russia.

Madrid papers to the 26th have arrived.
On the evening of the 25th there had been a grand
reception at the Palace in honour of the fete day of
the Infanta Lune FERNANDA. The question of the
QUEEN'S marriage still occupied the public atten-
tion. The Members of the Cabinet, it is
said, are divided; some being in favour of Don
FRANCISCO D'Assls, others of a Prince of Coburg.
The majority, however, are in favour of Don
FRANCISCO.

MADRID BOLSA, AUG. 26.—The Three per Cents,
were done at 34 for cash ; the Four per Cents., at
21i; the Five per Cents., at 22 ; the Debt Without
Interest, at 6i ; and the Coupons, at 261.

We have received the Paris papers of Monday►
The following altcle on the policy of the new
Porn is froul the Journal des Debits. It is important
as skiving that the French Government will support
the Sovereign Pontiff in the career of liberality which
he has adopted, provided he continues to maintain
legality and order, the best guarantees for the main-
tenance of which are to be found in the timely con-
cession of necessary reforms. After praising the
appointment of Cardinal Glut and the measures
hitherto adopted by that Minister, the Journal des
Debats thus proceeds :--
"It maybe Affirmed that the moilent. party humor . ~ __

been really constituted in Italy until the accession of the
present Pope. Before his time public opinion remained
unfixed. The too convenient doctrine of despair was
still holding back a great number of persons, when the
measures adopted by the new Pontiff gave encourage-
ment to those who were desirous of progressive improve-
ments without any violent shock or disorder, and
preached observance of the law. The success of the
loyal addresses presented to the present Pope by the in
habitants of the legations produced a wonderful effect,
and induced all men to enter upon the same path. We
now learn from all parts that the extreme parties are
routed, and that moderate opinions remain master
of the field. We see with great satisfaction this
easy conquest of peace and of the principles of
genuine liberty. The moral support of enlightened
nations cannot be wanting to those who, by legal
means, endeavour to bring about improvements, and
aspire to effect their object by other means than rebel-
lion or disorder. A party proposing to itself to obtain
grand reforms by legal means, and without disturbing
the tranquillity of the people, undertakes the most
glorious, but at the same time the most difficult, task
that can be given to man to accomplish. Although mo-
derate opinions have in a short space of time made such
remarkable progress in Italy, it does not follow that
those who profess them possess already all that is neces-
sary for attaining their object. To effect great ends, it
is not sufficient that a party should be numerous—it
should, above all things, be well disciplined. Now, al-
though on the other side of the Alps, the majority may
be imbued with moderate ideas, organization is want-
ing, and without that success is not possible. We
do not, in saying this, allude to that organi-
zation of secret societies, concealing themselves
in caverns, and frequently amusing themselves
with setting up vain symbcls ; we mean the avowed and
openly manifested organization of a powerful party,
acknowledging the authority of superiors, and acting
with openness and perseverance in the face of day, be-
cause their intentions are lure, and they are desirous of
never departing from the line of legality. The satisfac-
tion, which men experience when they quit the tortuous
path of plots and schemes, to take their stand on the
open ground of legal resistance, on which they may
always fight with their faces uncovered, ennobles the
soul and elevates the heart. On this ground the contest
may be greatly prolonged—it may present the most
diverse phases ; but final &access can never be doubtful,
if the men who are contenting for it are truly impressed
with a sense of their duty, and consider their task as a
grave undertaking which merits all their attention, and
for which they ought, if called on, to sacrifice all their
interests and all their pleasures,"
According to the Constitutionnel, there was a report
current in Rome, that the King of SARDINIA had
written to the Pont, complimenting him on the
amnesty and the promise he had made of granting
liberal institutions to his subjects. " This," says the
Constitutionnel, " would be a most important fact.
The existence of a friendly understanding between
the Roman and the Piedmontese Governments would
be a death-blow- to the retrograde party, and to
Austrian influence. The approbation expressed by
King CHARLES ALBERT had, it appears, inspired
courage to Cardinal Gizzi, the Secretary of State,
who had addressed a note to the King of NAPLES,
complaining. of the hostile intentions he had mani-
fested towards the Pontifical Court."
It would appear from the following article in the
Epoque, the journal par excellence of M. GUIZOT, as
if the French Minister for Foreign Affairs wished to
exploite the visit of IBRAHIM PACIIA to Europe to
his advantage :
"Amongst the varicus problems for the future," says
this other Ministerial journal, " which the eastern
question has left hitherto unsolved, there is one which
we avow has caused us some uneasiness. The heredi-
tary succession in the family of Mehemet Ali, that
afflicting concession, which force alone wrested from
the Porte, has not yet been consecrated by fact. Mehe-
met Ali is the first of his race, and the Divan has not
yet renounced a secret hope of one day re-establishing
its authority over Egypt. If, therefore, an opppor-
tu-aity can ever arrive for Turkey to make a last effort to
accomplish this object, it will undoubtedly be at the mo-
ment when the death of Mehemet Ali, shall, for the first
time, raise the question of succession. It is not that the
rights of Ibrahim Pacha appear to us doubtful, for
Europe has formally recognised them ; but it is well
known, and the page of history forcibly reminds us of
the fact, that the momentary crisis which ordinarily
attends every transmission of sovereign power, offers a
very seductive opportunity to the intrigues of the am-
bitious and to the objects of reactienists. There exists,
perhaps, in the particular condition of the family of Me-
hemet Ali elements of discord which may be perfidiously
acted on. The law of succession has hitherto re-
mained a dead letter, thanks to the long career
of the reigning Pi ince. It has put forth no
root, neither in the family nor among the people,
and the traditions of Orientals are not of a nature to
give it a power beyond the reach of all dispute. On the
other hand, Ibrahim Pacha is not the only son of
Slehemet Ali, and he is not even the only one that has
given proofs of high capacity, and that enjoys consider-
able influence over the people. Ibrahim, it is true, com-
mands the army, but Said Pacha commands the fleet;
and Abas Pacha participates largely in the labours of
the Government, and has been able more than any other
to acquire the love and confidence of the Viceroy, his
father. Who can say that the mind of Said or of Abas
would not be accessible to the insidious counsels which
might excite in them the demons of ambition and jea-
lousy? A dispute relative to the succession, where
each of the pretenders could have his party, might lead to
civil war, put everything in doubt as to the question of
Egypt, and deliver her up to foreign intrigues and exigen-
cies. Superficial minds may be but slightly struck by such
provisions as these. Without being ourselves inclined
to exaggerate their importance, we nevertheless think
that, in face of the well known disposition of the
Porte, when it is considered, too, what indefatigable
perseverance England is capable of using to obtain
a result so important as that which would deliver
up to her the Isthmus of Suez, it would be a want
of common foresight not to seriously reflect on
the subject. We think it was wise to dread that
the Porte and England would be equally dis-
contented to recognise in the heir presumptive of
Mehemet Ali, the worthy accomplisher of his father's
work, and that they would hold themselves ready to
shake his power, in order to impose on him their wishes.
The French Government, therefore, used a wise and
skilful policy when it persuaded Ibrahim Pacha to accept
the invitation of the Queen of England. The oppor-
tunity was, in fact, favourable, not only for obtaining
from the Government of Great Britain an implicit re-
cognition of the rights of the hero of Nezib as the here-
ditary Prince of Egypt, but also to overthrow all the
hopes which might have been nourished by the Govern-
ment of Constantinople. England has now saluted
Ibrahim Pacha as the future sovereign of Egypt ; only
a few days since Sir Charles Napier solemnly proclaimed
his right, and Lord Palmerston, the Minister of Fo-
reign Affairs, joined in the declaration. Now, and in
consequence of the visit of Ibrahim Pacha to England,
the British Government has formally pledged itself as to
the question of succession in Egypt. The Opposition,
with that clear sightedness which distinguishes it, could
only discover in all this affair an act of servility on the
part of our Ministers toe ards our rivals on the other side
of the channel. The Opposition must allow us to think
differently, and to congratulate our Government for
having known how to take advantage of circumstances in
order to secure as much as possible fresh guarantees for
the peace and independence of Egypt, whose strength
and prosperity are so necessary to the triumph of the
policy and interests of France."

In the same paper we find the announcement of
;be departure from Paris of Prince CALLEMAKI, the

Minister from the Porte to the Court of her Britan-
nic MAJESTY. This is, we believe, the first instance
in which the SULTAN has ever sent a Christian as his
representative to a foreign Court.
The Prince DE JOINVILLE and his fleet were in
the Bay of Naples on the 22d.
HENRI was on Sunday removed from the Luxem-
bourg to the Conciergerie.

The potato disease is spreading in all parts of
France. In the neighbourhood of Paris and in the
department of the Oise, more particularly at Cressy,
it has manifested itself with the greatest virulence.

The Three per Cents. closed on —the Paris Bourse on
Monday at 83f. 75c. ; the Five per Cents., 121 f 50c. ; the
Orleans Railroad :Shares, 1,273 f. 75c. ; Rouen, 962 f. 50c. ;
Havre, 700 f. ; Great Northern, 712 f. 50c. ; Avignon, 9181.
75c. ; Vierzon, 6281. Mc. ; Bordeaux, 577 f. 50c.; Boulogne,
485 f. ; Troyes and Montereau, 362 f. 50c ; Paris and Stras-
burg, 4971. 50c. ; Paris and Lyons, 528 f. 75c. ; Lyons and
Avignon, 400 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 4851.; Spanish Ac-
tives, 333/4 ; ditto Domestic Debt, 323/4 ; ditto Passives, 5%.
MARSEILLES, AUG. 27.—Marseilles and Avignon, 9131.
75c. ; Northern, 7101 ; Paris and Lyons, 525 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, SZPTESzInIi 1.
Boulogne and Amiens, 133y—Direet Bombay and Madras, %
Dutch Rhenish, 63{—East Indian, Y.—Great Western Bengal, 34
--Jamaica South Midland Junction, It—Louvain a la Sambre, I %
Luxembourg, 1 % —Namur and Liege, 2 Orleans and Bordeaux,
8N —Paris and Lyons Constituted, s%—Sambre and Meuse, 4N.

Pratt off' Go/a—The premium oil gold at Paris Is
16 per mille, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s.
10%d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25
53; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25
78, it follows that gold is 0.87 per cent. dearer In London
than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold
is 434% per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 8/. 178.
1014 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of
13 9% - and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short
being 13 101, it follows that gold is 0.34 per cent. dearer in
London than in Hamburgh. The course of exchange at-New
York on London is 108 per cent., and the par of exchange
between England and Amerka being 109 23.40 per cent., it
follows that the exchange is 1.58 per cent. against England.
But the quoted exchange at New York being for bills at 60
tiayB' sight, tke interest must be deducted from the above
differerdet

REPitE&EiFFATION OF hocr[Efattt.—A. meeting of the
electors of the city of Rochester is about to be convened, to
take into consideration the propriety of forwarding a requisi-
tion to Ralph Bernal, Esq , M.P., inviting him to become a
candidate for the representation of their city at the next
general election, _ _

WESTNINSTER•BRIDGE.--A meeting of the inhabit-
ants on the Surrey side of Westminster-bridge was held last
night, at the New Inn, Bridge-road, Lambeth, for the pur-
pose of considering the best means to be adopted for protect-
irg their interests in the event of the bridge being pulled
down. It was resolved to memorialise the Lords of the
Treasury in favour of adhering to the old site. A good deal
was said of the Pre,ent inconvenience sustained by various
classes of the public; and it was stated that omnibuses went
over the bridge 630 times a day, and 730 in summer; these
were now paying 154 15s. a day in tolls, or above 5,0001. A
year.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
The Cotton Market at Liverpool was rather dull.
Sales, 10,000 bales. Shares were rather heavy.
Messrs. Dimond and Co.'s sale yesterday was well at-
ended., and very good prices were obtained. Some of
he scrips show a considerable rise. The following are
a few of tho principal sales:—
Louvain ala Sambre £l 6 0
Reading and Reigate .. 1 2 0
Northern and Southern Connecting
Oxford, NA itney, and Cheltenham 0 10 6
Shropshire Union and Canal
Cambridge and Oxford
Grand Union
Over Yssel
South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4 3 7 0
Taw Vale Extension and Dock 0 10 6
Eastern Counties, York Extension 2 8 0
Ambergate, Nottingham, and Boston
Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham
Great Eastern and Western 0 18 6
Churnet and Blvthe
Reading, Guildford, and Reigate 1 2 0
London and York
Manchester and Southampton 1 0 0
Great North of India 0 5 0
East Indian 0 17 0
West Riding Union
Paris and Lyons
Direct Northern 1 15 0
Great Western of Bengal 0 11 0
Norfolk Extena. to Norwich and Brandon 2 5 0
Boston, Newark, and Sheffield 0 17 0

An important sale of furs and skins has been com-
menced this morning at the Hudson's Bay Company's
House. A system of exclusiveness appears to belong
to the Corporation—most of the lots were bought in.
There were very nearly 40,000 skins and Furs
offered for sale.
The state of the United States money market is thus
described:—" The money market is quiet, without on
the one hand any large demand for purposes of busi-
ness, or on the other a disposition by banks and private
capitalists to loan freely. The Government have not
yet, as far as known, made any issue of Treasury
notes, and the impression seems to prevail that the
determination at present is to exhaust the balances
in the banks before putting any in circulation.
Whether they will be as readily absorbed when it is un-
derstood that the Government has no other means of
paying, as they would be now while it is optional to pay
Treasury notes or money, may admit of a question.
" It is quite certain, however, that unless the
expenditures of the war have been greatly ex-
aggerated, not only must the issue of Treasury
notes be resorted to, but the amount authorised will
be exhausted before the assembling of Congress can
give authority for additional issues. We look upon this
as highly probable, whether the war ceases or not. The
receipts from customs prior to the Ist of December can •
not be expected to be large, as all merchandise upon
which the duties is reduced and which is not wanted for
sale before that time will undoubtedly be warehoused.
It will not surprise us if the Secretary of the Treasury
should be compelled to issue the Treasury notes from
the commencement at the full rate of interest, or, if the
war continues, that they should fall in value so as to
prevent their issue in conformity with law, and em-
barrass still further the financial operations of the Go-

vernment."
The Consol market has been rather heavy to-day.
The price for the Account is now at 96f, and for imme-
diate transfer, 96. Bank Stock is heavy at 2084-. The
premium upon Exchequer-bills has just been quoted at
21s. premium.
In Mexican and Portuguese Bonds a great deal of
business has been transacted to-day, in the former at
261 to 4, and in the latter at 45 to 46. Brazilian Five
per Cents. are at 89i.
The Share market is not animated to-day.
BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
Bank Stock 2OB IA
_ .

3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities... ...... 96 Yii %
3 per Cent. Consols Anna 96% 96
New 314 per Cent. Annuities
Long Annuities Expire sth Jan. 1860 lO 7-16 %
Do. 30 Years, Expire Jan. 5, 1860.. 10 3-16
India Stock 259%
South Sea Stock
Ditto Old Annuities 96
Consols for Account
Exchequer Bills 13/4d. I%d.
1,0004
5001. ..,.. ....... .. ..... ... .., 2l pm.
Ditto Small — .. .. 19 21 pm.
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent 89%
Equador Bonds 3%
Mexican Bonds, 1846, 5 per Cent 261,4 %
Ditto for the Account
Ditto Small
Portuguese 4 per Cents 453/4 45 46
Ditto for the Account .... 45% 46 45!43/4 45
Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent, 1840 —
Ditto for the Account
Ditto Deferred
Ditto 3 per Cent —
Ditto for the Account 37%
BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK.
RAILWAYS. PAID. rEA SHARE.
Aberdeen
Amber., Notting., Boston, &c 2% 2% to 2
Armagh, Coleraine, &Portrush• 1% — to
Aylesbury and Thame l%
Belfast and County Down .. 2% .. ..
Bideford and Tavistock ..... 1% — to
Birmingham and Gloucester..loo ......129
Do. New (iss. at 7% dis.) . 17% —
Birmingham & Oxford June... 2
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and
Cheshire Junction 274 — ..... to
Boston, Stamf , & Binning... 225.
Bristol and Exeter
Do~ New
Bristol and Gloucester... 3O

Bristol and Liverpool June... 2% — to
Buckinghamshire..• 42q % dis. to
Caledonian
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Extension
Cambrian and Grand Junct.. 425.
_ .

Cambridge and Oxford
Central Kent 2%......
Chester and Holyhead... 271/2 261,E to
Churnet and Blythe
Chester and Manchester 42g.
Cheltenham and Oxford
Clydesdale Junction
Cork, Blackrock, & Passages 225.
Cork and Killarney . 21.....
Cork and Waterford
Cornwall
Cornwall and Central Devon 2% — ...... to
Derby and Crewe 2% to
Direct Lincoln, East Retford,
and Sheffield Junction 254 —
Direct Manchester (Rem.)... 23/4
Ditto (Rastrick' ' . 514
-1A

to --
to

qt, ,( , ..ick's)
Direct Northern
Direct Norwich 1
Dublin and Belfast Junction.. 10
Dublin, Belfast, & Coleraine 2% — ...... to
Dublin and Galway
Dundalk and Enniskillen ... 71% ...... --
Eastern Counties l4l. 16s 22% to 23
Do. New lOl. 16s 75/83/1 p to
Do. Perpet., 5 per ct. No. 1,6/. 13s. 4d —
Do., do N0.2,6/. 13s. 4d —•
Do., York Extension
East Dereham and Norwich 1
Eastern Union 35
Ditto, Quarter Shares
Do. Extension to Harwich 1% — ...... to
Do. Cambridge and Ely ... 2% — to
East Lancashire

East Lincolnshire 134
East and West of England... 19

Edinburgh and Glasgow -
to
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12%
to
Do. New Quarter Shares...
12/2...... -
to -
Edinburgh and Northern ... 10
to
Edinburgh and Perth 3
to .--
Ely and Huntingdon
Enniskillen and Sligo
/

Exeter, Yeovil, & Dorchester WI
Glasgow, Kilmarnock, & Ayr 50 - to
Ditto, New
Do. IA Shares (5 per ct. gua.) 12% —
Glouc., Aberystwith, and Len.
of Wales
Goo/e,Doncaster,Sheffid., &c. 42s
.1/3 di& to
Grand Union (Nott. & Lynn) 1% % ... .. to
Great Eastern and Western... 2% — ...... to
Great Grimsby and Sheffield 10
Gt. South. & West. (1re1and)25...314 301/2 31% to 303A'
x.
Great Munster 2l/2 - ..... . to
Great North of Scotland 2l/2 - ...... to
Great North of England 100 ......227% to 228%
Ditto, New
Ditto, New l5 ......
Ditto, New
Great Western
Ditto, Half Shares SO
Ditto, Quarter Shares lO — ...... to
Ditto, Fifths 2O
Guildfd.,Farehm.,&Portsmth. 5
Harwich and E. C. Junction 2 .... .
Hull and Selby 5O IO4IA ..... . to
Ditto, Quarter Shares 121,4 2l
Ditto~ Half Shares
Inverness and Elgin .2 ......
IPS WiCh & Bury St. Edmunds 9.

Do. do. and Norwichto
Ash North Midland 2k
to
Isle of Axhulme
Killarney Junction
Kendal and Windermere l% ...... to
Lancaster and Carlisle 45
Do. New 5 ......
Larne, Belfast, & Ballymena 425...«.. ....
Leeds and Bradford
Leeds and Carlisle
Leicester and Birmingham... 225.
Leicester and Bedford 22s.
Leeds end Dewsbury
Leicester and Tamworth, &c. 425.
Liverpool, Manchester, and
Newcastle Junction 2% to
Liverpool and Bury l4
London and Birming. Eaten. 1% — to
London ,S; Blackwall...l6/. 13s. 4d B4 X d to
Do. New •
Do. Extension
London and Brighton
Do. Fifths 3O ...... 41% to
London and Croydon...l3/. 158. 9d. 23 x d to
Do. Guaranteed 5 per Cent. 9
London and Greenwich.... 12/.155. 4d... to
Ditto Preference lBll7s 2d...
London,Hounslow,&Western 2 . ....
London and North Western..100
Do. Quarter Shares 2
Do. do. New ... h...
Do. do. Fifths
Do. Eighths G. J. 12% — to
Do. New Quarters ...G. J.
Do. 40/. Shares.....L. &M. 6
London and S. Western.... 41/. 6s. 10d. 72% x d to
Do. New consolidated Bths.. 40
Ditto New .
1.)0 New •••• 14
Lund= and l urk... .... ....... 2% 2l/s to
Ditto Half Shares
London and Windsor ......... 1A ...

London, Salisbury, & Yeovil 21/2 — to
Londonderry and Coleraine... 12% — to
Londonderry and Enniskillen 12 4 ...... to
Lynn and Ely
Lynn and Dereham
km lebester and Leeds B2 .. ...
.._ . ._..

Ditto Ralf Shares
Ditto Quarters
Dittc Fifths
Ditto Sixteenths . ....... ... 6 q......
Do. Extension
Manchester and Birmingham 40 --•
_ ..

Ditto Quarters (A) v 5
Ditto Quarters ( Is)
Ditto Quarters (C) 1

Mauch 1..'-u.xtoti, iic ilatlock 425.
11anchesto.,Birmingham,and
MouldJunction
Manchester and Southampton 2
Midland lOO ......140
Ditto Fifths
Ditto, itiew
Midland, Birm., and Derby...loo .....

111idlat:c1 and Eastern Counties 2% — to
M idld. Great Western (Irish) 121/2 —
Newcastle &Darlington j-une. 25 ......
Ditto New
Newcastle and Berwick
Do. North Shields...
Newcastle and Carthile
to

Newport and Abergavenny. .

Newry and Enniskillen ...... 4io — ...... to
.-- Newark, Sheffield, and Boston 1 8 ...... to --
N.orfolk
Do. Half Shares
Ditto Tenths

Ditto Extension
North British
Ditto Dalt Shares
Ditto Fifths
Do. Carlisle Lxtension l% 4%1/2... to
North of Norfolk
Northern and Eastern SO
Ditto Scrip (iss. at 5 dis.)... 45
Ditto Quarter Shares
Ditto New
North Kent & Direct Dover 21/ — to
North Staffordshire
North Wales 3l/e • ••
North. & South. Connecting 2%
Northampton, Banbury, and
Cheltenham
Nottingham and Mansfield... ..... .. to
Oxford, 'Worcester, and Wol-
verhampton
Oxfd., Witney, & Cheltnham 1% —
Pilbrow Atmospheric -
Portsmouth Direct
Preston and Wyre
Ditto, Half Shares
Reading, Guildford, & Reigate 425.
Richmond
Rugby, Leamington, and
Warwick . , ..... 425. —
Scottish Central ... 121/2 — .. ... to
Ditto, New,
Scottish Midland
Ditto, Extension
Sheffield, Buxton, Leek Pot-
teries, and Crewe IX — ..... to
Sheffield and Manchester ...100
Ditto 14 Shares 8
Shrewsbury and Birmingham 21/2...... 2% to
Shropshire Union
Shrewsbury, Wolverhampton,
and S. Staftordsh. Junction 21,4..... ...... to
Sligo and Shannon
South Devon
South Midland 42s. ... ..
South and Midlands Junction 425.......
South Staffordshire Junction 21,E 3145i... to
South Eastern and Dover ... 334 43% to
Ditto, New, No. 1
Ditto, New, No. 2 'l2
Ditto, New, No. 3
Ditto New, 4. ...... ...... 2% 314 to
St. Alban's, Hatfield, and
Hertford Junction
Staines and Richmowd.... .... 1 , ... to
Staffordshire and Shropshire 27/1 —
South Wales
Swans. and Loughor and Ca-
meron's Stm. Coal ...... ... .. 2
Taw Vals Extension
Tring,Reading,& Basingstoke 54 — to
Vale of Neath
Wakefield, Pontefract, and
Goole
Warwickshire anti London... 425.
Warwick and Worcester 425....... ...... to

Waterford and Kilkenny
Waterford and Limerick 22%.....
Waterford,Wexford,Wicklw,
and Dublin
Wexford, Waterford, and
Valentia
Waveney Valley
Welsh Midland 2% ......
West Riding Union 42s. ...... 274 p.. to 3% p
West Cornwall
West London, Old Shares ... 20
Wexford and Carlow
Wisbeach and St. Ives
Wilts,Somerset,&Weymouth 10 ••••••
Worcester, Hereford, Ross,
and Gloucester ........ 425.
___

Worcester,Tenbu7,&Ludlow 234

. ..
Worcester,WarwiCk,& Rugby 425. — ...... to
York and Carlisle 2% % to
Fork and North Midland .. 50 ......
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto. Scarboro' Branch
Ditto, Selby
Ditto. Extension
Ditto East and West Riding
Extension
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.

Anglo-Belgian
Barbadoes
Boulogne and Amiens l4
Bordeaux and Mediterranean 2
Bordeaux, Toulouse, & Cette
(Mackenzie's)
Bordeaux. Toulouse, & Cette
(Espelete's)
Calais, Dunk, & W. Flanders 2
Calcutta & Diamond Harbour 7s.
Callao, Lima, & Pacific Coast 1 ......
Central of Spain ...
Ceylon
Demerara. . ....
Dendre Valley
Direct Bombay and Madras ss. .... .
Dutch Rhenish
East Indian
Eastern Belgian Junction.. .. 21 ......
Fampoux and Hazebrouk..... 4
Great Indian Peninsular 65.....•. 14 to
Great Western Bengal ss.
Great Western Canada
Italian and Austrian
Jamaica S. Midland Junction 1
Jersey
Louvain a la Sambre
Luxembourg
Lyons and Avignon
Madras
Madrid and Valentia
Mauritius 1
Namur and Liege
No. of France Constituted ... 5 ...... 13%
North Jamaica 1
Orleans and Vierzon
Orleans and Bordeaux ... .. 6 ..... . 83/4 to •
Over Yssel 413 s 4d.... -
Paris and Lyons Constituted 5
Paris and Orleans... 2O
Paris and Rouen 2O -
Paris & Strasbg. Constituted 5 -
Rouen and Havre 2O
Sambre and Meuse -
btrasburg and Bale l4
St. Laurence and Atlantic — -
Tours & Nantes Constituted 5
Tournay, Jurbise, Landen,
and Hasselt
Trinidad.. ........ ......... -
West Flanders 6 -

JOINT STOCK BANKS.

Australasia
British North American

Colonial - , ..... to
Commercial of London
London Joint Stock
London and Westminster. .. 20
National Provincial of Engld. 35
National of Ireland 22% ... .. to _
Provincial of Ireland
Union of Australia
Union of London ........ ...... 10

MINES.
Real del Monte, Unregistered -
COURSE OF EXCHANGE.—(YESTERDAY.)
Amsterdam .. .. C.F. 12 8% Gibraltar
Ditto, at sight • ..... 12 5% Leghorn
Rotterdam ...... 2 11. 12 9 Genoa .
Antwerp .......... 26 15 Milan
Ilamburgh ......M.B. 13 13% Venice
Altona • .... • ..... Naples ...... •••• • • • 39%
Paris, 3 days' sight.... 25 80 Palermo, per oz.. •• • 119
Ditto, 3 months...... 26 10 Lisbon.. • • •• • • 52%
Marseilles • . .......... 26 15 Oporto •••••••• • • • • . • • • 52%
Bourdeaux.. 26 15 Itio Janeiro • •

Frankfort on Maine.... 122%
Petersburgh, 3 U 5.... • •
Berlin • • ..... .. ••••
Vienna, effec.flo.• • ... 10 12
Trieste, ditto.... • • .... 10 12
Madrid • • ..... • • • • • 35%
Cadiz • : ........ 36
Bilbao..
Barcelona ........., „
Sevllle.. • ..... • . • . • • .. _

Bahia
Buenos Ayres ....
New York, 21 days' sight
Philadelphia
PRICES Of BULLION, PER OE.
Foreign Gold In bars.. £3 17 9
- Portugal Gold Coin • • 3 17 5
New Doubloons ..• • • 0 0 0
New Dollars •• ..
Silver in bars ...• .. •

LLOYD'S SHIPPIN G.—(THIS DAY.)
LONDON, SETT. 2.—Wind this day at noon North, light
pleasant breeze, and fire clear weather.
DEAL, SEPT. 1. Wind IV.N.E. Arrd. Prince George,
Tate, Quebec, for Shields. Arrd. from the River and sld.,
Marie Laure, Moore, Mauritius ; Wellington, Vellacott, Cape
of Good Hope and Madras; Whampoa, Willis, Demerara;
Neptune, Rundle, Quebec; Triton, Smith, Quebec; Abraham
Young, Corney, Quebec.
LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 1. —Wind N.N.W. Arrd. Isabella,
China; Agnes, Johnstone, Honduras; George, Key, Hon-
duras; Hampden, Cowan, New Orleans; Fredonia, Lunt,
New Orleans; Essex, Welsh, New Orleans; Cronstadt,
Hatch, New Orleans; Rappaht unlock, Drummond, New
York; Lady Huntley, St. John's, New Brunswick; Kestril,
Turner, Quebec; Jane, Potts, Q uebec ; Mandane, Hutchin-
son, Montreal ; Br. A. Fleming, Fitzgerald, Newfoundland.
Off port, Walton, St. Domingo ; E :ridget,—. Sld.Aug. 31st,
Corfu, M•Mann, St. John's, New Brunswick ; Nymph, Nicho-
las, Labrador. Sept. 1, Juliet Erokine, Watkins, St. Thomas;
Triton, Robe, La Guayra ; .pa see Merchant, Poole, New
Orleans; Ellen Brooks, Boston , Sir H. Huntley, Halifax.
REDCAR, SEPT. I.—The He trbinger, Parke, of and from
Scarborough, bound to Wat kw orth, and the Mariner, Lucas,
of and from Plymouth, bound f ,o Seaham, ran on the rocks off
this place this morning in a I og, but got off and proceeded,
apparently with little damage.
OFF SClLLY.—Perseverance, Miller, Quebec, for Lynn;
Hercules, Quebec, for London.
BaIsTOL, I.—Wind N. E., fresh.—Arrd. Providence.
Reid, Quebec. Sailed, Broom, ‘1 bite, Quebec.
MILFORD, AUG. 30.—Arrd. Wellington, Scott, Quebec;
Elenor, Hetherington, Quebec.

THE OCEAN.—The decpc S t part of the ocean which
has been sounded is oue nil!
.e and sixty-six feet in depth
II
we buPPu'e its lutaj, I"In der ;eh to be two miles, the water
in
it would cover all the d
.ry parts of the earth, if it could
be spread over them—to + the depth of about 8400 feet, or
six miles. . . u