The Sun.
London, England, 1846-04-06 00:00:00

111ffminix

LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 6, 1846.

THE QUARTER'S REVENUE.

The official return of the net produce of the revenue
of Great Britain for the quarter ending sth April, 1846
will be found in another column. This return exhibit,
a decrease on the year of 2,327,2191., and on the quarter
a decrease of 1,121,5041., and considering the larg..,
amount of duties which have been taken off, the distres,
existing among the people in consequence of the failure
of the potato crop, and the enhanced prices of all articles.
of consumption, together with the almost total stagnation
of trade and commerce occasioned by the factious oppo-
sition given by the landocracy to those measures of
commercial reform which have been proposed by the
Minister, and have twice received the sanction of over-
whelming majorities of the House of Commons, we are
only surprised that the decrease is not a larger
amount. There is still, however, a surplus of
revenue over expenditure of 1,783,308/. As might
have been anticipated there is a considerable decrease in
the Customs and the Excise. The Customs revenue for
the quarter is 3,961,918/.; for the year it is 17,664,6181.;
showing a decrease on the quarter of 440,5881. and or.
year of 2,512,1131. The revenue from the Excise
is for the quarter 1,626,4581. ; and for the year
11,886,0851., showing a decrease on the quarter
of 291,0271., ' and on the year of 338,8221.; sr
that by the larger portion of the decrease on the
year in the Excise revenue has taken place daring the
last quarter, and as the amount of the Excise revenue
has always been considered as an indication of the
s. ate of the working population of the country,
this Law? Cle,rease furn'sties as additional proof that
as provirlons increase in price so does the
distress o the labouring classes increase; the earliest
indication of the approach of that distress being a fall-
ing-eff in the Excise revenue,- consequent upon the
of the working classes to purchase those
humble luxuries in which, when in a state of compara-
tive comfort, they are woet to indulge. There is a de-
crease On the quarter, of 56,593/ In the revenue derived
from Stsmaps, the amount for the quarter being
1,685 8681. The amount of revenue derived from
Stamps for the year, is 7,095,521/. Showing an in-
crease on the year, of 380,6811. The rise, progress, and
cessation of the railway fever, together with the present
state of stagnation in trade, will sufficiently account both
for the increase on the year, and for the decrease
the quarter. The taxes for the quarter amount to
146,1421, and for the year to 4,224,0391., showing an
increase on the quarter of 197/, and on the year of
6.2911. The property-tax shows the increase on the
quarter of 58 171/ , and a decrease on the year of
19,707/, the total amount of revenue derived from that
impost being for the quarter 1,963,8821., and for
the year, 5,084,741 The Post-office revenue, we are
rejoiced to say, goes on steadily increasing. The
amount for the quarter is 215,0001., for the year
768,0001., showing an increase on the quarter of 37,0001.,
and on the year of 89,000/. If the principle of the
uniform and cheap postage, conjoined with frequent deli-
veries and proper attention to the public wants and accom-
modation were fully carried out, the increase in the Post•
office revenue would be enormous. If the experiment were
fairly tried ; in five years the revenue derived from the
Post-office would exceed that raised under the old
system. The revenue derived from the crown lands is
for the quarter 45,000/, for the year 130,0001., showing
an increase on the year of 5,000/, and on the quarter of
10,000/ Under the head of miscellaneous, the revenue
for the quarter is 91,3221; for the year 939,747/, show-
ing a decrease on the quarter of 323,494/, and on the
year of 127,607/. The total charge for the quarter
is 8,477,206/. The total ordinary revenue is, from
the quarter, 9,735,790/. ; and fer the year, 47,792,7511.,
showing a decrease on the quarter of 1,121,5041., and a
decrease on the 3 ear of 2,327,219/, yet still leaving a
surplus of income over expenditure of 1,783,3081.

Sir HENRY HARDINGE and Sir HUGH GOUGH, as we
stated on Friday, are to be raised to the Peerage, and,
in accordance with the usual practice, they will be
further rewarded with pensions for their own lives and
the lives, probably, of the two next heirs. To these
honour and pensi,ns the people of this country will
and they would also be gra-
give their !hefty concurrence,
tified if a mark of royal favour, and something also more
substantial, were conferred upon Sir H. SMITH, for his
admirable generalship displayrd at Aliwal, and the
striking influence which the remarkable victory gained
et that plow had upon the milling oPerstiewi thou ful-

lowed. The battles of Moodkee and Ferozeshah were
as glorious in every respect as they could be un-
der such circumstances ; but the generals were
crippled for want of means : they bad neither heavy
artillery nor a command of cavalry, nor a suffi-
cient quantity of ammunition to follow up their
victories, and the consequence was, that not only the
Seikhs, bat the native population of India, began to
suspect that no advantages had been gained, and that a
renewal of the contest might lead to the most serious
results. The batte of Aliwal, however, left no doubt
whatever that a decisive victory had been gained, and
gained too, in a way w'tich established the ♦ast
superiority of the English General, as well as the in-
domitable bravery of the troops under his command.
This could not fail to have a powerful moral effect upon
the armies, Anglo-Indian as well as Seikh, which fought
at Sabraon. To this distinguished officer, as well as to
those who served under him, honours and rewards are
due, and the public will, therefore, be glad to see from
the Gazette of Friday that promotions in consequence
have been granted to many of the commissioned officers;
but the people of England would like to see the system of
rewards for noble services carried much further, and the
humble soldier made to share in them, along with those
who led them on to victory. The devotion of the
men, natives as well as English, is admitted on all hands
to have been rarely or never equalled. In the battles of
the 21st and 22d of December, we are only astonished
that they were able to fight at all. They were fatigued
—worn out by long marches ; they were without
food, and almost faint from want of water ; they had a
formidable enemy to encounter, an enemy, whose fame
had extended over the whole of Hindostan, supported,
too, by batteries of heavy guns in a strong position;
they fought at every disadvantage, yet, alike forgetting
their sufferings, and disdaining the bribes of the
enemy, they rushed to the contest, and achieved,
though with enormous loss, almost an unexpected vic-
tory. In these battles the stern firmness and daring
courage of the men did nearly the whole work, for
there was little room for the display of manceuvres ; and
on them, therefore, the country would be glad to see
something more substantial conferred than votes of
thanks. The turn which affairs, too, have taken, attri-
butable in a great measure to the gallantry of the troops,
renders some fair compensation of the kind more neces-
sary. The chief city of the Punjaub, unlike that of
Sinde, has escaped capture ; the treasures of gold and
silver, and valuable jewels, of which such a large
amount was taken at Hyderabad, will remain with
the original possessors, and the victorious troops
are thus deprived of a rich booty, to which
they were entitled. We therefore trust that the
East India Company, as well as the Government, will
take these circumstances into consideration, and vote
sach grants to the officers and privates as may be con-
sidered a just compensation and a fair reward for deeds
which have, to all appearances, brought a hazardous
war to a speedy and glorious conclusion, and saved the
Company millions of additional expenditure.

Mr. O'CONNELL last night moved an amendment upon
-he first reading of the Protection of Life (Ireland) Bill,
and made a long speech in support of it. The ems nd-
inent :admits and deplores the existence of outrage in
Ireland, and urges the eradication of its causes, in the
place of the measure demanded by the Government,
This eradication he considers may be effected by
various measures, such as, first and cbiefly, will
prevent the abuses of property, and especially
those connected with the clearance system; and
next, others that will confer equal rights,
franchises, and protection upon the Irish
with those which are enjoyed by the English, will give
a greater number of representatives to Ireland, an im-
proved corporation reform, as well as a more just distri-
bution of the Church temporalities, an alteration in the
grand jury laws, a; ,d an impartial administration of
justice. The first thing that strikes us is, that um-
bigasz the efficacy of the remedies here suggested for the
social regeneration of that country, their sweeping cha-
racter, and the importance of each is such, that before
.11 or any of them can become the law of the land,
much more before their anticipated effects could be
realised, the horrible crimes conceded by Mr. O'CONNELL
to be now d, luging five of the Irish counties will con-
tinue unrepressed. It must be remembered that the
Government stands charged with the execution of the
law ; they announce to Parliament that the law is vio-
lently outraged, beyond their power of vindicating it,
and demand increased means for effectuating the same.
If life is sacrificed both by night and by day, and this
through the confederation of midnight assassins, the
ordinary functions of the law being established
to be insufficient to suppress these outrages,
what Parliament can hesitate to arm Go-
vernment with means adequate for the purpose ?
Lord J. RUSSELL will net incur the responsibility of
withholding the necessary appliances. Some of the
provisions may be too stringent, but the fearful evils to
be grappled with demand no ordinary remedies. These
are a:letters of detail, and are such as, we think, however
adhered to or modified in Committee, the Government
will feel it to be their duty to accept as Parliament may
decide. It should not be forgotten, however, that if this
stringency be too much paired down, so that the
sequel should prove the measure to be almost in-
eperative, much responsibility will be incurred by
those who suffer their legislative timidity to defeat the
highest ends of philanthrophy. Such a result would be
even worse than what we have at present to deal with ;
for the midnight assassins, when they learn that Parlia-
ment has legislated against them, yet ineffectually, will
imbibe a greater contempt for the authority of the
law, and promptly spread their machinations, till
they involve the length and breadth of the land
in the meshes of their fearful organisation. At
the same time, we most fully agree with Lord
Jostss RUSSELL, that Government cannot too speedily
render Parliament practically alive to their sincerity in
-emoving any just cause of complaint ..,he Irish may
have against us, by producing as well measures of a
healing and conciliatory spirit as those of coercion. In
aarticular. we hold that the Bill announced by the Earl
of ST. GERMANS, to be prepared for bettering the rela-
tionship of landlord and tenant, should be amongst the
earliest of those to be laid on the table of either
ileuse of Parliament. This is a subject that
has now been long under consideration. The
,clearance system is emphatically declared by
Mr. O'CONNELL to be the mainspring of the Irish
crimes ; he stated that, in Tipperary alone, more than
one hundred and fifty thousand persons have been
• victed from their holdings within the last five years.
if such be the case, the state of that county is, indeed,
!tale to be wondered at. Sir JAKEs GRAHAM has
said, that if the landlords persevere in this con-
duct, the Legislature must interpose. Why, then,
has sue procrastination been suffered, that pro-
bably not till after Easter will even the first
reading be given to any Bill affecting this
subject ? The great struggle in Ireland is for land:
xorbitant rents are demanded, proportioned to the
keenness of the competition and the extent of debt with
which the greater part of the landed property is encum-
bered, by reason of the improvident spirit that has for
years characterised the higher, not less than the lower
orders of that country. The consequence is that the
tenant cannot cultivate and enjoy a fair and profitable
remuneration for his labour. Hence the produce which
he has, with; his limited means, reared is
exported to our markets, overflowing with
capital, and Ireland is left without the incal-
culable advantages of home consumption. What
regard can the Irish peasant have in favour of our
legislation, when one moment he finds himself standing
in the midst of the overflowing bounties of the soil,
which he has helped to develope, and the next sees
them carried to other shores, whilst he is left, with his
offspring, to exist on what amounts to little short of
starvation ? If the agrarian system is, as we ourselves
believe, the prolific source of crime, no time can be so
opportune as the present for entering upon wholesome
legislation on this branch of Irish ealamities, when so
large a sum has been voted for the furtherance of works
of public utility, by which, in connexion with the forma-
tion of railroads, a considerable opening will be afforded
for the employment of the redte,dant population, till
the source of the evil we have pointed out is reached by
salutary legislation.

Parliamentary paper, No. 179, just issued by order of
the House of Commons, affords us a most harrowing
category of the recent homicides in Ireland. Most of
these atrocious deeds have been chronicled in The Sun
as they were perpetrated, together with their most im-
portant details, such as the causes of the different out-
rages, the suspicions as to the assassins, and the atrocities
which accompanied the assaults. Nevertheless, it cannot
hut be productive of good in the formation of the most
effectual and appropriate remedies for the prevention of
such heinuus guiltiness, if we cast a comprehensive,
though cursory, glance over the aggregate of such ini-
quities when presented to us in a simple and classified
cluster, such as this official document. The benefit to
our deductions by a retrospective survey of this
nature must be twofold. Firstly, it will evi-
dence more forcil4 than heretofore the hideous
depravities, the general insubordination, and the
dangerous audacity which stimulate the most law-
less of the Irish population to the performance of mur-
ders the most ruthless and the most dastardly, and which
coullecklehta7 Alice* the Um of the aore Pegoesbie

members of the community in imminent peril; by which
means the necessity for some immediate and efficacious
interference on the part of the Government will become
more apparent than ever. Secondly, it will tend to en-
lighten us as to the social grievances from which these
efforts at assassination spring ; by which knowledge a
clue may be discovered which may conduct us to the
very root of the evil. Acting upon this principle, the
Legillature would instantly stay the progress of a
great moral disease ; it would not potter over the social
condition of millions by endeavouring simply to destroy
the cifectr, while the causes were entirely overlooked.
The heads of the dire hydra would no longer be lopped
off to spring forth anew ; its heart would be assailed :
the further development of murder would be prevented
by striking at the point in which that arch-sin
is germinated, and from which every successive
instance of its perpetration radiates. Our
object, therefore, is to assure ourselves
that a prodigious evil really does require eradication
in Ireland. Surely, if we are not convinced of
this grievous "fact" already, a moment's examination
of the Parliamentary document to which we have re-
ferred will fill our minds with that most lamentable con-
viction. The paper consists of " Extracts made by
Colonel WGREGOR from the police reports, stating the
particulars of the principal homicides in Ireland in
the years 1845 and 1846, and forwarded to the
Home-office by him." From these extraordinary
extracts upwards of thirty of the most diabolical
assassinations, or attempts at assassination, may be
selected ; bludgeoning, shooting, strangling, drowning,
on the high road, in the daylight, and at midnight.
Sometimes 'the murderers are single, sometimes in
bands ; sometimes they have been discovered, some-
times they have escaped ; but the cause of almost every
outrage has been surmised. One unfortunate gentleman
is shot dead while returning with his children from
church on a Sunday morning; another person is struck
down suddenly with a musket-ball as hile seated with
his family at supper ; a venerable lady, nearly blind
with extreme age, is seized by a party of ruffians, a
pistol is snapped in her face, and she is beaten over the
head ; the corpse of another individual is dragged from
a ditch ; some are found by hedge-sides with their
brains crushed out of their skulls, while others are
riddled through and through with bullets. Is it pos-
sible, after these terrific disclosures, to doubt the
exigent state of Ireland, and the absolute duty imposed
upon Parliament for some immediate interposition ? Is
there not crime enough to arouse the most sluggish Go-
vernment to exertion ? Does not humanity, does n
religion, does not human policy itself, call out for a
powerful preventative ? Our next object is to discern, if
possible, the reasons by which the marauders have been
actuated, as by so doing we shall perceive the incite-
ments there are to the commission of these whole-
sale murders, and, by inference, the means by
which those incitements may be destroyed, or,
at the least, negatived. To these deductions
the Parliamentary paper before us affords a ready ac•
cess ; and after a careful inspection of its particulars
we are induced to ascribe the generality of the homi-
cides to one or other, or occasionally a combination, of
the following causes:—Animosity excited by the pro-
ceedings of magistrates, police-officers, or other agents
of the executive—revenge against those who have given
evidence in courts of law by which peasants
have been convicted of any offence—hatred
inspired towards those landlords who have
ejected one or more individuals from their pro-
perty, or otherwise dealt harshly with their tenantry--
or, finally, from a feeling of jealousy on the part of a
tenant who has been ejected from his tenement, and for
the idle gratification of which jealousy the subsequent
occupant is assaulted. There are, undoubtedly, stray
cases to which no satisfactory reason can be ascribed, or
in which the assailant has been impelled to the
act by a complex or individual interest. But to the
mass of the homicides already reported in The Sun,
and recorded in this official document, one or other of
,he four causes just enumerated are applicable. We
say this after a most careful consideration of the matter.
The murders in Ireland are attributable either to a reel-
ing of dislike as to the mode in which justice is ad-
ministered, or to some circumstance in which the interests
of landlord and tenant are placed in antagonism. Disease
and destitution tend, no doubt, to heighten the malady,
and to render its recurrence more frequent. Hence,
the removal of sickness and penury must necessarily ac-
company any scheme that may be propounded by our
Legislators for the removal of this frightful evil. The
Government must be rendered more accordant to the
p pular mind ; the question of landlord and tenant
must be thoroughly analysed. We could cull
many terrific proofs of what we have de-
clared from the pages of this " report ;"
this, however, would be a needless repetition of crimes,
with the particulars of which the public are already fami-
liar. The plan which should be adopted towards Ireland
should be animated by a faith in the resources and real
integrity of the nation ; a hope for her ultimate regene
ration, and a charity towards her people.

The Madrid Gazette of the 27th ult. contains a -royal
decree, by which the kingdom is divided into electoral dis-
tricts, agreeably to the provisions of the new Act for the
election of representatives. A general belief prevailed that
the Cortes would be forthwith dissolved, and that a general
election would soon take place. It was said that General
RoNCAIA had been appointed Governor of Cuba, in the moat
of General
,O'Dositzu., who was to be Minister of War.
According to account& from the provinces, the manifesto of
the new Cabinet was received with much apathy, and tran-
quillity prevailed.

On the 27th the Three per Cents. closed at 321 A for cash,
and 32 9-16 for the 30th of April. The Five per Cents. were
not quoted.

We have accounts from Lisbon to the 30th of March.
On the 20th the Minister of the Interior brought into
the Chamber of Deputies a Bill for appointing the KING
CONSORT, in the event of the demise of the QUEEN,
Regent during the minority of the heir apparent. This
Bill is in contravention of the 90th article of the Charter,
and met with strong opposition from a few Members, but
was ultimately alopted by a large majority. A special
Commission had been appointed for the purpose ( f re-
vising the tariff of import duties, and sugggestirig such
alterations in it as may be thought expedient. M. FON-
SECA MaGALRAEs, formerly Minister of Foreign Affairs.
has been named President.

In the French Chamber of Deputies the debate on the
commercial treaty with Belgium was brought to a close
on the 4th, when all the articles were adopted by a
majority of 209 to 36. The principal feature of interest
in the discussion was a speech of M. GuizoT, relative to
the great commercial measures now before the British
House of Commons ; and we regret to find that he ap-
pears to be still much attached to the prohibitive system
or to very high duties, which have nearly the same result.
He admires the comprehensive and mighty changes pro-
posed by Sir ROBERT PEEL; but, while he admits that
they are adapted for England, he can see in them little
or nothing for France to imitate. A brief outline of his
remarks will be read with interest. "I cannot," said he,
" leave the tribune without saying a word or two on the
question alluded to on the previous day by the Minister of
Commerce. In the reform proposed by Sir R. PEEL there are
two distinct questions—a social reform, which is to bear
on the domestic constitution of England, ankl a manufac-
Suring reform, which regards her relations with other
Powers. In England the manufacturing population is
far more considerable than the agricultural one, and this
disproportion goes on constantly increasing. The con-
dition of the English working classes is exceedingly
severe, as they with difficulty suffice for their daily
wants. This condition is, besides, exceedingly variable,
precarious, and subject to considerable oscillations. The
severity of this condition, and the perils to which it is
incessantly exposed, have for a length of time attracted
the attention of the English statesmen, and particularly
of Sir R. PEEL. It is the strong desire which he feels
to ameliorate the condition of the working classes that
has induced the Right Hon. Baronet to undertake the

work, the success of which all humane minds must de-
sire to behold accomplished. (Here he was loudly
cheered by M. DE GA SPA RIM.) I am certain that this cheer
only expresses the sentiment of the whole Chamber, for
every one must be anxious to see measures succeed, the
object of which is to improve the condition of the work.
ing classes.—(" Yes," exclaimed a Member, " if not at
our expense.") There is nothing in the project of Sir
It. PEEL that is to be accomplished at our expense.
He has three objects—to lower the price of provisions,
to assure constant labour, and to set a curb on commer-
cial fluctuations. The plan imposes some sacrifices
certainly on agriculture, but they are such as it can sup-
port. I am convinced, also, that Sir P. REEL desires to
carry out his measures, without altering the principles
of the constitution of his country. He is well aware
that the landed aristocracy, which has hitherto made the
grandeur of England, cannot be sacrificed to the manu-
facturing interests ; he has merely endeavoured to re-
store the equilibrium between these two influences, and
everything leads to the expectation that he will com-
pletely succeed.—(Hear, hear.) The second part of his
plan aims at increasing the trade of England with foreign
powers. Such an extension will add to the influence of
his country, will contribute much to preserve peace, and
will be advantageous to the consumer. Sir R. PEEL, in
effecting this second part of his reform, by no means
abolishes all protective duties ; he merely applies this
new plate to such branches of manufactures as can

support competition with the produce of other nations. ,
IL- has retained protection on all articles which re-
quire it. The first part of his plan is not applicable
amongst us—it is a noble spectacle, but it does not affect
us, for in what does our situation resemble that of Eng-
land ? Our manufacturing population is not perhaps as
well off as it might be, but it is not in the position of
the same class in England ; our working population, be-
sides, is principally agricultural, and This class, which is
more fortunate in its condition than our manufacturing
workmen, is also far better off than the English agri-
cultural population. We may, therefore, admire the so-
cial reform in England, but it holds out nc,thing for us to
imitate. As to the second part—the commercial portion
of the reform, we can only imitate it partially and gra-
dually. We must cox -antic, to protect such branches
of our manufactures as require support, and which a
sudden reduction in our duties would not fail to annihi-
late. I have signed eight treaties, and all are conceived in
this spirit. We shall persist in this course prudently and
cautiously, and you may be certain that we shall reap the
fruits of our proceedings. These doctrines seemed to
meet with the general approbation of the Chamber, and
we may therefore conclude that the Legislature, unless
driven to a more liberal policy by the sufferings and
losses of the vine growers, and by the continued decay
of the shipping interest, will for some yearn adhere to
the protective system. It is gratifying, however, to see
f,everal of the journals displaying more knowledge of
commercial policy. The Journal des Debats is liberal
in that respect, and disapproves of the latter remarks of
the Minister, which refer to reform in the Custom-
house system. "M. GUIZOT," it says, "is of opinion
that within the last ten or fifteen years we have pro-
ceeded sufficiently fast in the road of commercial liberty.
We have several times expressed a different opinion.
M. GUIZOT'S conclusion is, that we ought to continue to
proceed in the same course ; we prefer, we state sincerely,
a more decided system."
The Moniteur contains a dispatch from Marshal Bu-
GEAUD, dated Algiers, March 25, but it contains no in-
telligence of interest.
We subjoin some miscellaneous extracts from the
papers :

" The review at Vincennes took place on Wednesday. The
King, accompanied by a numerous staff of Generals and
other officers, including those of his military household, ar-
rived at Vincennes at half-past twelve o'clock, and was re-
ceived by General Lyautey, the Commandant of the School
of Artillery, Colonel Perignon, and the Duke de Montpen-
sier. His Majesty found the 4th regiment of artillery, of
which the Duke de .Nlontpensier is Lieutenant-Colonel, and
which is about to leave Vincennes immediately for Lyons,
the 4th battalion of the Chas3eurs of Orleans garrisoned at
Vincennes, and detachments of the other regitnents of infan-
try composing the school, ranged under arms and iu due
order. Having rode along the ranks, the King took his sta-
tion in front of the Castle, while the troops filed off before
him. After being three hours on horseback, repeatedly
cheered by the most warm and animated acclamations, he
re-entered his carriage, and returned to the Tuileries, where
he arrived at half-past five o'clock.
" The Prince de Joinville arrived at Lorient on the even-
ing of the 28th ult. On the next day he visited the arsenal,
and was to leave in the evening for Brest.
" Lord Brougham arrived on Wednesday at the Hotel
Meurice.
"By a letter from St. Etienne of Monday afternoon we
learn that order had been restored, and the miners had
retired to their homes. It appears that the disturbance
was occasioned, in the first instance, by a dispute between
the directors of the mine Gagne-Petit and the foreman or
i,overnor, as he is called, named Ogier ; but on Saturday
this man had apologised, and it WAS supposed that the
dispute was at an end, when his nephew busied himself
with exciting the miters to revolt. The men them came
to an understanding with the workmen of the Montet
mine, and they all refused on Monday morning to go to
their work. Eight of them were therefore arrested by
the gendarmerie, and were being conducted to prison,
when their companions, aided by their wives and some
of the populace, made serious attempts to rescue them.
Some troops of the lige, under the command of General
Charron, were called to the assistance of the gendarmes ;
and, being compelled by the fury of their assailants to fire,
the calamitous result mentioned by the Messager took place.
The Courtier de Lyon of Tuesday states that the mayor,
M. de Furens, had his clothes pierced by several bullets, and
that General Charron was struck several times by stones
thrown by the workmen and their partisans.
We learn from Warsaw, that on the 24th ult. a proclama-
tion was published announcing that the Government had
ordered to be confiscated, for the benefit of the State, all the
estates and other property in the province of Lublin belong-
ing, or hereafter to belong, to Pantaleon Potocke, to Prous-
chewski, and Zarski, leaders of the late revolt in the town
of Siedlce. M. E. Dobryez, a rich merchant of Warsaw,
has been condemned by a court-martial to be exiled to Si-
beria for carrying on a seditious correspondence with fo-
reigners, and for taking an active part in the late insurrection.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Thursday at
53f. 79c. ; the Five per Cents., 1191. 15e. ; the Orleans Railroad
shares, 1,275 f. ; Rouen, 1,030 f. ; Havre, 747 f. 60c.; Great Northern,
768 f. 75c. ; Avignon, 931 f. 25c.; Vierzon, 675 f. ; Boulogne, 505 f. ;
Bordeaux, 645 f.; Troyes and Montereau, 430 f. ; Yasle, 235 f. ;
Dieppe, 457 f. 50e. ; Paris and Strasburg, 530 f.; Tears and Nantes,
560 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 592 f. 50e. ; Spanish Three per Cents., 3611, ;
ditto Domestic Debt, 31.

The following are the quotations for the new lines :

Lyons and Avignon R.tilroad (Talabot), SM. ; ditto (Le-
cointe), 503 f. 50c.; ditto (Compagnie Meridionale), 503 f. ; ditto
Deflnitives, 5461. ; Bordeaux and Cette (Mackenzie), 5031. 50c. ;
ditto (Espeleta), 509 f. ; ditto Detlaitives, 561 f. ; Charleroi, 497 f. 50c.
Maasliuge.—Marseilles and Avignon, 940 f.
Lvoxs, MAACK 31.—Paris and Orleans, 1,2751. ; Rouen, 1,033 f.;
Lyons, 5881. 75c. ; Vierzon, 692 f. 50c. ; .Northern, 767 f. 50c.

1311SINESS DONE IN FORRIBN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, APRIL 3.
Boulogne and Amiens, IVA—Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette
(Espeleta), N—Ceylon, % —Dutch Rhenish, 5% -East Indian, %
—Great Northern of France Constituted, 15% —Louvain and Je-
rnappe, 1 —Luxembourg, I —Namur aid Liege, 21,(—Orleans
and Bordeaux, 12- Paris and Strasbourg (Constituted), 6%.

DEATH OF THE REV. CHANCELLOR FLETCHER.—
We have this week to announce the death of the venerable
Chancellor of this Diocese, the Reverend Walter Fletcher,
M.A., of Dalston. fie was seized with paralysis, whilst in
the discharge of his duty, in Dalston Church, on Sunday
last, and died on Wednesday, at the ripe age of 79 years.
Mr. Fletcher was a native of Derbyshire, and first came to
this diocese as Chaplain to Bishop Vernon, now Archbishop
of York, by whom he was appointed, in August, 1793, to
the vicarage of Dalston as the successor of Archdeacon
Paley. In 1814 he was appointed Chancellor of the Diocese,
on the death of Dr. Grisdale, whose daughter he had
married. He was also Vicar of Lazonby, and held a
Prebendal Stall in the Cathedral of York. Mr. Fletcher was
the tutor of Sir James Graham, Bar ~ and leis brothers, and
of the present Duke of Beaufort. He was a man of most
charitable disposition and active benevolence, and was es-
teemed and respected wherever he was known. The livings
of Dalston and Lazonby (worth respectively 2001. and 4001.
per annum) and also the Chancellorship are in the gift of the
Bishop of Carlisle. Carlisle Journal.
;,The Earl of Roden has left town, for Paris.
SALE OF MR. S. PRATT'S COLLECTION OF ANCIENT
Anima, &c.—Qn Fri.lay, the sale by auction of the entire collec-
tion of ancient armour and weapons of Mr. S. Pratt, of New Bond-
street, took place at Mr. Deacon's auction room, in Berners-street,
Oxford-street. There were near 250 lots, consisting of armour and
weapons of all ages and clinics, among which the following are
Englishdeserv-
ing
embossed steel, ornamented
gun, of the time of Henry VIII.,
thestock
kol
silver,
, .
id
Lnowti7t
subjects,, r
ivory.re
otlid,e for
t a
guineas. Lot 76, an Eliza-
bethan rifle, sold for 51 10s. Lot 81, a Bavarian cop-cl-pie suit of
finely The next lot, a suit of black armour, fluted
steal
and
knight's fluted armour, sold for 31 guineas. Lot 106, a suit of Asiatic
horse
cults known, plates and rings, only two similar
period, sold for 27 guineas. Lot 135, a
Tot.ur of the time of Henry VIII., with a
suit orm o
curious helmet, sold for 31/. Lot 150, a gigantic suit of armour of
German
formed,
scomposed
fluted
guineas.toedt
h nar
samem
Italian workmanship, covered with engravings, and enamelled, in
russet and gold. The catalogue sated this suit to have come from
Padua, and with a similar one in the Tower of London, formerly be-
longed to Count Oddi. The auctioneer stated that Mr. Pratt gave
100 guineas for it; it was sold yesterday for 51 guineas. The other
lots, consisting of pieces of armour, halberds, portguns, swords,
ancient guns and pistols, daggers, &c., fetched good prices.
LATEST ADDITIONS TO THE LOUVRE GALLERY.—
The following sculptures from Greece have been placed in the above
collection :—A votive basso-relievo, representing " Theseus as pro-
tecting hero of Attica; a fragment of a frieze, on which is repre-
sented a scene of the war of the Amazons ; a votive basso-relievo
ti out the island of Crete ; Jupiter with Europa, and Cadmus at their
sides ; a sepulchral stele, representing a young girl bidding farewell to
her parents. Of great historical interest are twelve marble frag-
ments, with inscriptions from Mylasa, in Carla. They contain some
decrees issused by Mausolus, King of Carla, and belong therefore
to the fourth century before the Christian era.—The Builder.
SALE OF THE VALUABLE AUTOGRAPHS, &e., OF THE
Lars Ma. T. THANE.—On Friday the sale by auction took place, at
the auction-roams of Messrs. Sotheby and Co., Wellington-street,
Strand, of the valuable
collection of books, &c., of the late Mr. Thos.
Thane, consisting of the " History of the Knights of the Garter,"
the "Cromwellians," a variety of manuscripts, Re. There were 394
lots. "Thane's British Autography," being a collection of facsimiles
of the handwritings of royal and illustrious personages, with their
authentic portraits, three vols. 4t0., sold for 1101. ss.
THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH'S SHILLING A
novel scene took place at the Petty Sessions at Woodstock this
week. Elliott, the principal gamekeeper for the Duke of Marl-
borough, charged a young man of the name of Steel, a servant to Dr.
Bowles, with an offence against the game laws, and summoned
Dr. Bowles to give evidence against him. At the time of the alleged
committal of the offence Steel was out with his master, who was
shooting over his own land. Steel was charged with killing a hen
C. pheasant out of season. Mr.
Tomes, solicitor, of Oxford, attended
for the prosecution, as he said, for the Duke of Marlborough. Mr.
H. North, solicitor, of Woodstock, defended, and said the case was,
has left
the fact, the Duke of Marlborough against Dr. Bowles. Steel
the service of his late master, and it was not proved that the sum-
mons had "either been served on him or left at his usual place of
residence;" hence the case was dismissed. Dr. Bowles said " a
shilling had been given him with the summons. This shilling he
would give as a donation to the poor eld people of Woodstock from
the Duke of Marlborough, and it would be the first shilling the Duke
of Marlborough ever gave them." This announcement ceased loud
laughter in the Court, which was crowded, the affair having caused
a stir in Woodstock.
SUPPOSED SUICIDE.--On Friday evening an inquest
was held at the Edinburgh Castle Tavern, Limehouse, before Mr.
Baker, on the body of James Rich, a sawyer, age 4: :years, who
committed suicide by drowning himself in the Regent Wane], near
the above house. Two persons, named John Warren and Caroline
Bettie, who were betrothed to each other, drowned themselves near
the same spot last week, asci a great many other suicides have been
siostraltted in this part of the canal. It appeared from the evidence
of John Rich, the brother of the deceased, that his relative was
bitten by a dog eight years ago, and he had ever since been sub-
jected to fits. The unfortunate young man had applied to several
eminent members of the faculty, bat they had been unabled to over-
come the malady
His sufferings occasionally were very great, and
heh had repeatedly threatenened to commit self-construction. On
Thursday night the deceased,was with his brother and a friend, and
left
them about 10 o'clock. He was never seen alive afterwards.
eni About an hour after the deceased parted with his brother. his
oti iesmsere found by a policeman, hanging across the rails adjoining
the canal. The policeman immediately procured the mirage, and with
the assistance of Wariell, the night-locker, hauled the body of the
deceased out of the water. He was quite dead—Verdict, " Found
drowned,.
LEEDS INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.—The guardians of the
Leeds poor having determined to erect an industrial school, offered
two premiumi of aot. and 151. for the best and second best plans sent
in, and :appointed Mr. Waller, of fluddertield, and Mr. Parker: of
Manchester, both architects, to decide on the respective merits of the
designs. Those gentlemen have awarded the first prize to Mr. Joseph
Thompson, of Leeds; and the second to Mr. C. W. Burleigh. This
style of Mr. Thompsons's plan is Elizabethan; that of Mr. Burieigh
is the English domestic of the fourteenth century. The school is
to accommodate 160 boys, 160 girls, and 80 infants. The estinfated
cost of the successful design is 10,000/.-27se duader.
WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET,- APRIL 3.—We have
Mel arrivals of all grain to this market. There was a fair attend-
ance of buyers to-day. The hulk of our samples, whea,s, were of
common qualities, amid such sold at a decline of Is. per qr. ; and the
best samples were rather worse to sell. Fine barley maintained its
Price, other descriptions rather lower. In beans no alteration Oats
and shelling each fully
as high. Malt firm, and in good request.
EXTRACTI:4I OP PARTICLES FROM THE EYE.—A
German writer has recently proposed, that when a foreign body,
such as a particle of straw, dusts g., gets between the eyelids and
globe of the eye, but without being inftacted, a solution of gum
Arabic dropped into the' aye may be advantageously employed for
Ps eXtraCtiOß, 4 the Sollatiell degsotPlC:"Qi 847
"agreeable

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.

(From The Sun of Saturday Evening).
The sales of Cotton at Liverpool were nearly 5,600 bales.
The market was quiet, and prices unclianged.—The Share
Market was much depressed, and lower prices have been
submitted to.

The number of Shares actually sold at the auction of Messrs.
Lamond's on Friday afternoon was 1,560, and among a good as-
semblage of buyers more purchasers were observable. A slight im-
provement in prices occurred, but the Irish shares are still very un-
saleable : —Worcester, Warwick, and Rugby, 10s.—Buckinghamshire,
IL 3s. Gd.—Midland and Eastern Counties, 13s. 6d.- Sheffield,
Buxton, and Leek Potteries, 103. ad.—South and Midland, 11.—
Madrid and Valeatia, 19s. 6d.--4)erby, Uttoxeter, and Stafford,
11. 12s. Gd.—Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth, 19e. ad.—North Devon,
15s.—Loudon and Manchester, Remington's, 165. 6d.—Lendon and
Manchester, Rastrick's, 31.—North Cheshire, IL ss. —Essex and
Suffolk, 9s. ad.—West Riding Union, 21. 4s. Gd.—Grand Trunk,
103. ad.—Reading and Reigate, 12s.—Reading, Guildford, and Reigate,
14s.—Vale of Neath, 1/. 4s. 6d.—Rugby and Huntingdon, 12s. 6d.—
Essex and Suffolk, Ids.

The West Indian mail is now about due, and the merchants
connected with the trade are most anxious for the letters.
As matters, according to the last accounts, were settling
down, a large increase of business is calculated upon as a
certainty. The measures taken to facilitate the com-
munication by steam vessels along the coast of the
Southern Pacific must, in time, be of vast ad-
vantage in increasing British influence in that direction,
and with it of course the augmentation of our trade. The
Governments of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, have most cor-
dially entered into the plans for the establishment of a
regular interchange of mails on the seaboard, and we hear
that Mr. Wheelwright, who first set the project on foot for a
line of steamers to act in conjunction with the West India
mail steamers, has again left this country in order to carry
out the great andimportant plans originated by him to faci-
litate the rapid conveyance of advices and passengers be-
tween Great Britain and the whole of the South American
Republics.
The Bank returns for the present week give the following
results :

An increase of 4,770/. in the circulation, or to 27,269,245.
An increase in the Rest of 9,962/., or to 3,789,971/.
An increase in the Public Deposits of 254,203/., or to
7,319,6251.

A decrease in other Deposits of 252,2751., or to 17,103,9281.
An increase in other Securities to 22,181,3921.
A decrease in the Notes in Banking Department of
349,795/., or to 7,683,690/.
The Bullion has amounted to 13,987,535/., being an increase
of 22,838/. in the week.
The value of the Consols has been firm at 961% V, both
for Money and the Account. Scarcely a dozen bargains have
been entered into this morning. Exchequ.r-bills have been
sold at 255. and at 28s. premium.
This has been a blank day, or nearly so, in the Foreign
Stock Market; Mexicans have fallen from 32 to 313/4 ; the
Portuguese Three per Cents. have reached 571/2. the Spanish
Three per Cents. have been bought at 3614, f ,r the Account;
and the Dutch Two-and-a- Half per Cents. at 59%.
The Railway Share market, upon the whole, cannot be
said to be firm this morning, and business is still very slack
for Stock as well as for Scrip.

BIUTISLI FUNDS.

ONE

CLOSINc

O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Three per Cent. Consols Annuities 9614 96%
t2onsols for Account • ..
_96 % 96%

Exchequer Bills,

1%(1.

,INd.

1,0001... .... 28 25 pm. 28
5001... • • •• 25 pal 28
Data, Small pm. 28

ONE CLOSINC
FORERIN FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent .. ..
Ditto, New Bonds, 1829 and 1839 .. 80 ex div
Mexican Bonds, 1837, 4 per Cent .. 32 32
Ditto, for the Account .. .. .. 32 31% 315(
Ditto, Deferred .. • .. .. 16'e N 16:,,
Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cent. .. ..
Ditto, for the Account .. .. .. 36
Portuguese Three per Cents • • .. 571;-; 57ix
Spanish Bonds, i per Cent .. ..
Ditto, Deferreel .. .. • • .. .. 1614% 161.4
Ditto, Three per Cent .. .. .. 36% 36%
Ditto, for the Account .. .. .. 36.34 36;4
Dividends on the above payable in London,
Dutch Two-and-a-Halt per Cent .. 59% 59•4
PRICES OF lIITSINESS
RAILWAY SHARES. PAID. DONE AT CLOSING
ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Aberdeen .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 .... 23%

Author., Notting., Boston, and

Eastern Junction .. • • 2% •• •• .......... 11S
Armagh, Coleraine, and P0rtru5h.,.1%..... „ „ •

Birmingham and Gloucester..

..100

Ditto New (issed at 7;,', dis.) .. 17 .. . 31:N 31 31
Bristol and Exeter .. .. 75 „ 84 ...... B4

Buckinghamshire 425. . 1 ills
Caledonian . .. 10 .... 7 6 4...... • • 6%
Ditto, Half Shares .. •• •
Cork and Waterford .. • • • • 1 •• • • M
Cornwall and Central Devon .. 2% 1
Direct Manchester (Rastrick's) ••••• • • • • • 31/s
Direct Northern .. .... 134
Dublin and Galway .. 4 .... 1 ....... 1

_ _ ..... _
Eastern Counties .. .. 141. ltis... .. 20% 20%
Ditto, York Extension .. .. 1.5..... 1 .......... 1
East Lincolnshire .. .. .. • • Iu• • • • h••• • .. • • Ti
Great North of England . ..100 .. .. 210. . .

Ditto, New .. .. 5 .... 51%
Ditto New 5 .... 34 34
Leicester and Birmingham .. 225. .... % dis
Leicester and Bed'ord .......... 225..... di5....... 1% &-
Liverpool and Leeds Direct .. 2% •• • • 2 u •. . 2%
London an . Birmingham . .100 .. —220 218 ........ 218
Ditto Thirds .. .. 16 .... 51% 52% .... 52!3
London and Blackwell .. 16/. 13s. 4d. 7% 7,34
London and Brighton 50 •• • • 62% •• • • •• • • 62
London and Croydon .. 131. 15s. 9d. 20% % ........ 20%
London and Sonth-Western.. 411 68. 10d.
Ditto, New 12% .... 21 20 ...... 20
London and York .. .. • . 1%
London, Salisbury, and Yeovil .• 2% .... %
Manchester and Leeds .. .. 82 .... • •
Ditto, Fifths .. 2 .... 11 10% .... • • 10%
Ditto Extension .. 428..... p • • .. p
Manchester and Birmingham .. 40 .

-
Ditto, Quarter Shares (C) .. 1 •• • • 7% ...... 614
Manchester, Buxton, & Matlock 425. .. • . par. • .... •• .. par
Midland .. ..100 .. •.14 I ..........144_

Ditto, New .. • . .. 18 • • 28% ...... • ... 28%
Ditto, Birmingham and Derby 108 .. 115 lis
Newcastle and Darlington Junet. .... 43 • • •• .. 43
Newcastle and Berwick .. .. 10 •.. 17% 17 ...... 46
Newark, Sheffield, and Boston .. 2% .... 1% .. • ..... 1%
North British.. .. 20 .... 24..23%_24%.. 24%

Ditto, Bait Shares .. 6 .... 7% 8.7 % 7
Ditto, Carlisle Extension .. IIA .. 1% ... 1%
Northamp..Bedtbrd, &Cambridge 425..... I dis •• dis
North Kent and Direct Dover • • 2% .. • • 1% .... ••• • ..
North Staffordshire .. . • 425.. •.. p...... 1 p
Norwich and Brandon .. 18 .... 22% •.
Oxid.,Worcester, & Wolverhmptia. 12% .... 9 $1 8%
Perth and Inverness . • .. 2% .

Scottish Central .. . .. 10 .... 13% ...... • 13g
Ditto New •• .. • • • • • • 2% ••..•• •• .. 5
Shrewsbury and Birmingham .. 2}Q .... 1h % .. • . %
guath Midland .. 425..... dis... •• • . dis.

South Eastern and Dovor 33% .... 34'
2-,1D0., New (de. 15/4 .. No. 4. 2% .... 2 .. • • ......
West Riding Union • • • • .. 425. •• .. Ip.
WiLbeach and Sc. Ives .. .. • • 2 .... ..........
Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth 2% % ..........
York and North Midland .. 50 •• • ••• • • •
Ditto, &d by .. 30 .... 72% 71% .• • • 71%
Ditto. Extension .. 15 ....
Do. E. and W. Riding Exten. • • 1 •• .. 814
FOREIGN RAILWAY-.
Boulogne and Amiens .. .. 12 .. .. 12 •.••• • • • .. 12
Bord., Tout., SL Cette Mackenx e) 2
Ditto, ditto (Espelete) .. 2 .... 2 2
Dutch 1{ .. • • .. 5 5% ...... • • 5%
East Indian . . • .. is.
Grt. North. ut France Constituted 5 .... 15 14 it% •• • • 147 i
Louvain and Jemeppe .. 4 . .. I %
Luxembourg • • • . • . .. 4 .... ......
.1;t

Orleans and Bordeaux .. 6 .... 114 i . ....... • . I
Paris andßonen .. 20 .... 4o ..... 4o

Paris and Strasbourg Constituted 5 .... 574
Sambre and Meuse .. . 6 .... 34 ......

West Flanders

- .. .. .. 4 .. ~ 3 . • ... .....

ML E 3.

Real del Monte, iTare;istered .. •• • • 34•• • • • • •• • 3

THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN

INSTITU FE.

The sixth soiree of the season was held on Friday at the
rooms of the British and Foreign Institute, and was as fully
attended, by a large number of ladies and gentlemen, as on
any previous occasion. The musical performances of the
evening were of the usual varied and agreeable character,
and were well sustained throughout. Among the novelties
on the table was an interesting and valuable invention of
Mr. Loseby, for correcting, by an instrument in which mer-
cury was used as the chief agent, the inequali.ies in the rates
of chronometers, occasioned by those variations of tempera-
ture in different climates, by which the most accurate chro-
nometers are greatly affected. The opinion of the Astro-
nomer Royal in favour of this invention, has been conveyed
in the highest terms of praise to the Board of Longitude, and
was read at the meeting. Some beautiful specimens of a new
process for producing the effect of electro-gilding without the
use of gold were exhibited by Messrs. Sedgwick and Taylor,
of Piccadilly, which were greatly admired. By this method
the surface of brass can be wrought up to a degree of finish
so exactly resembling gold, that the most experienced eye
could not detect the difference—and in one of the candelabra
shown, the lower half was plated with real gold in the usual
mode, and the upper half finished without a particle of gold
or gilding, yet no one could determine where the one process
ended or the other began. In addition to the riehness of the
effect, this invention has the further advantage of
much greater freedom from tarnish than ordinary gilding,
and can be produced at a saving of 700 per
cent. Among the foreign visitors present was a Chinese
gentleman, Woo-tan-jin, from the heart of the Celestial
Empire, • who had travelled with Mr. Milne, the learned and
accomplished missionary, himself a native of China, though
of British parents, through the greatest portion of the
" flowery land," and had since accompanasieodrwh,eithhaeovnieeaabttheoeeunrr
through England and Scotland. He is about to return to his
native country in a few weeks, with Mr. Milne, and from
the impressions he seems to have receivlievdindgurinnegarhiTs
Toronto,
in England, he will no doubt convey to his countrymen very
favourable ideas of the people, as well as of the arts and ma-
nufacturesthatfl Americanies Indian,
ieatfnho,ef
Ka"a
Canadian
neer;
aaa..nrgbuit
arrini
ba-eno,s-,b"y
hitherto called in China. There was also present a North
in Canada, and speaking as good English as the Chinese
visitor. It was an interesting sight to witness the personal
introduction to each other of these strangers from the o ppo -
site extremities of the globe • each in his nativecostume,e,
and each communicating his thoughts and feelings in what
to both must have been a difficult as well as a foreign tongue.
Among the literary proceedings of the evening, an oral
review was given of the recent work of Mirza Mohun Lal,
the Cashmerian traveller, who is one of the frequent visitors
of the Institute; and some account was also offered of the
progress
oghmei
tsandneeiri
sbosyinoent hooeff Bulgarian
ne
rPteosr
ti
En eta, Pe,
IdaAlexandernvd variety,
r e,,yh ,e
and
nvSdet
no
ai Inpogi
Ipieaanrtedastsoemgbiviaeggerepartesseantti.sfaction to the numerous and bril-

THE FOREIGN MAILS.—POST-OFFICE NOTICE.
The following notice relative to the departure of the foreign
mails was on Friday exhibited at the chief office, St. Mar-
tin's-le-Grand :
ISLAND OF AsczNsiow.—Noricz.—A mail will be made
up fer the Island of Ascension, to be forwarded by her Ma-
jesty's ship Ferret. All letters intended to be so forwarded
must be addressed, "By her Majesty's ship Ferret," and
will be liable to the packet rate of ls. not exceeding half an
ounce, &c. Newspapers free. The Ferret is expected to sail
from Plymouth on Sunday, the sth inst.
Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Cadiz, Gibraltar, Mediterranean.
India, and China.
The next mails for Gibraltar. Greece, lonian Isles, Malta,
Egypt, Ceylon, India, and China via Southampton, will be
dispatched on the morning of the 20th inst.
The next mails for India, via Marseilles, will be dispatched
in the evening of the 7th inst., and will be conveyed by the
Madrid, sailing from Southampton.
Madeira, Brazils, and Buenos Ayres, on the evening of
the 7th instant, will be conveyed by the Express from Eel•
mouth. - - _ - - -

_______
Wan Insras.—Tlie British colonies (except Honduras
and Bermuda)—The Foreign colonies (except Havannah),
Venezuela and Madeira. The next mails be dispatched on
the 17th instant, and will be conveyed by the Clyde from
Southampton.
America on the 3d May.
Sydney Oil the 30t11 Witte,