The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-15 00:00:00

AMERICAN NEWS.

ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA.
(FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)
LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY EVENING.

After a rapid and excellent passage of twelve days,
the Caledonia, Royal Mail steam-ship, under the com-
mand of Captain Lotts, reached the Mersey at four
o'clock this afternoon, bringing advices from New
York to the Ist, Boston 2d, and Halifax 4th Sept.
The advices just landed are eleven days later from
New York than those received by the steam-ship
Great Western, on Friday se'nnight.
The news by this arrival is not of an important
skaracter. The war with Mexico seemed to absorb
all other topics among the citizens of the United
States. The latest news from Mexico state that
Santa Anna, Almonte, and Rejon, had returned to
Mexico : their presence was expected at Vera Cruz
about the 14th or 15th ult., in the English trading
steamer Arab, for the purpose, as Santa Anna re-
marked, of " making peace between the United States
and Mexico."

It would appear that the popular feeling was very
strong in favour of the ex-President; and we should
not be surprised to find that Paredes had not only
been deposed, but imprisoned for the part he has
taken in administering the affairs of Mexico. Our
accounts from that country inform us that Commo-
dore Connor had planned an attack on Alvarado, but
a storm on the Bth ult. had prevented his designs. The
New York Sun of Aug. 31 says that it will doubtless be
tried again, but appearsrather doubtful as to the success
which will attend such an attempt. The command
of the Mexican army in the north is under General
Mejia. Our advices inform us, that on the 19th of
July he was to have proceeded to Monterey with the
remnant of Arista's forces, to unite with Parades,
whose army, according to the last accounts, num-
bered from 12,000 to 15,000, leaving about 1,500 only
at the capital. Reinforcements had arrived at the
garrison at Tampico. More than 200,000 dollars had
been spent in the equipment of the troops, every cent.
of which had been paid out in cash.

The United States army in Mexico were reported
to be in good health, and gradually accumulating
provisions and means of transportation, pushing its
outposts up the Rio del Porte, and getting everything
ready for a vigorous invasion. Camargo was in the
occupation of General Taylor, and on the 31st of
July the United States troops had also taken posses-
sion of Meir, without any opposition. General Wood
was to march on towards Monterey, the main force
being detained till the middle of September. The
movements of General Taylor would appear to be
greatly retarded for want of the means of transporta-
tion. The latest intelligence which we have in the
papers by this arrival from Mexico, states that Pa-
redes was to leave the capital on the 31st of July,
Monterey, where General Megia had established his
head-quarters. The last brigade, composing the
division to be under his command, had left on the
28th of July. As we have already intimated, we
have doubts whether he will reach Monterey in such
a capacity from the extreme probability, that Santa
Anna would resume the office of President, and
Paredes be called upon to answer for his late actions.
In fact, we believe that ere this he is deposed and
made a prisoner.
The Calafornia Regiment was about to sail from
New York. Three vessels had been chartered for
this conveyance. Some desertions had taken place,
and interested parties had objected to the comman-
der. The regiment was to be armed with 800 per-
cussion locks, 800 ditto flint locks, and 800 rifles, in
addition to which cannon and equipments for one
company of artillery, and arrangements for a corps
of dragoons, were to be sent out.

By letters received from General Kearny, on his way
to Santa Fe, we find he was at Fort Bent, with his
command, on July 19. He anticipates' no opposition
reaching Santa Fe. The above forms the chief items
of the state of affairs between Mexico and the United
States. Other matters will be found in the extracts
below, which treats of the war, &c., in full detail. By
-this arrival the accounts from' Montreal are to the
latest dates,

The Toronto Board of Trade have drawn up a me-
morial to the Queen, praying for a repeal of the dif-
ferential duties in favour of British importations, the
modification of the navigation laws, and the removal
of all restrictions on the free navigation of the St.
Lawrence. Great anxiety was felt for the appoint-
ment of a new Governor-General, in the room of
Earl Cathcart, who was understood to return to
England.
The proprietors of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic
Railway bad resolved to proceed with their under-
taking; advertisements had been published for con-
tracts and workmen. The Hon. Mr. Pakenham,
British Minister to the United States, was at Quebec.
Trade was dull at Montreal, and there was a poor
business prospect for the coming autumn.

COMMERCIAL NEWS.—We find the following long
and minute summary of this description in the New
York Courier and Enquirer, and we subjoin it at
length :
The business condition of the country is of course
unsettled, after such violent legislation as has recently
tven witnessed both in England and the United States.
Nor can any reliable opinion be hazarded for some time
to come, as to the immediate probable effects of this
legislation. There is no spirit of enterprise for new ad-
ventures. In the manufacturing districts preparations
are general for curtailing business, and for getting
everything snug' to face the storm which is appre-
hended. In the agricultural districts abundance is
hardly reckoned a blessing, so low are the prices at pre-
sent, and so little is the prospect of their rising. The
crops of all kinds will be very large, except perhaps that
of potatoes, concerning which we hear from many dis-
tricts and from dissimilar quarters, that the disease is
making havoc with this indispensable vegetable. But in
this country it is by no means so important a product as
in some parts of Europe, and substitutes of grain and
Indian corn will be so cheap that, except as a change of
diet, the failure of the potato crop will have no practical
effect upon the welfare of the people at large.
In money matters no very marked changes have
taken place, but greater inactivity has prevailed, and the
tendency has been downward. The leading securities
have yielded, the demand not being sufficient to take off
the quantity offering. The most serious fall has been in
the United States Loans, the Sixes having been sold at
102 with an accumulated interest of one per cent. to the
purchaser. The fancy stocks have also declined, and the
speculation in them is mainly confined to the brokers,
and is not spirited.

Great uncertainty prevails as to the steps to be taken
by the Government to raise money. It is understood
that an issue of 500,000 dolls. Treasury Notes, bearing
merely a nominal interest, will be made ; but for
the balance of the 10,000,000 dolls. authorised,
all is uncertainty. No Treasury Notes have yet made
their appearance. Money is more abundant than at the
date of our last, but it is still in good request, and only
leading paper can be readily discounted. The banks are
in a sound condition, having more than their ave-
rage of specie, with constant fresh arrivals from the south
and south-west. Exchanges have advanced materially,
and the transactions have been to good extent. The
supply is moderate. Heavy sales of dry goods have been
made by auction giving the importers a supply of cash.
The fall trade is not yet fairly opened, but it is thought
that a fair amount of business will be done.
No goods have yet been bonded under the warehousing-
law, as no form of bonding has yet been received from
the Treasury department. Large quantities, however,
have been sent into the public stores.
The news by the last steamer had a depressing effect
on the Flour market. Otherwise, it was not materially
felt.

In Cotton since our publication of the 15th, more
business has been done, the sales amounting to 20,000
bales. We then quoted " middling" at 71 a 8/ cents.
for Orleans and Mobile and 74 a 84 for Uplands; but
we must now quite 8f a 9f for the former and 8/ a 84
for the latter. Under the general opinion that the
growing crop would probably turn out deficient in quan-
tity, prices advanced almost imperceptibly until the 27th;
on that day three mails arriving from New Orleans and
Mobile with accounts of wet weather in those districts
and of the ravages of the army worm, more particularly
in Louisiana and Mississippi, a very animated inquiry
sprang up, and 5,000 or 6,000 bales were sold on the
28th at an advance of * or / cent upon previous prices ;
on the next day (Saturday) the demand continued, but
operations were checked by the withdrawal of cotton
from the market, and by the demand of a further ad-
vance; the sales were nevertheless 1,500 bales or more at
a per cent. advances on the prices of the day before.
It is so much the fashion to ridicule worms, rot, &c.,
that we feel on tender ground; but, after the experience
of former years, especially. 1840, we cannot make light
of the danger to the crop from the army worm; and it is
well to bear in mind that the growth is later and the
worm earlier than in 1840. At the same time, as a
cause affecting the probable extent of the production, we
think the backwardness of the crop more important than
the appearance of the worm!s--as the (one exposes the
plant to a variety of casualties to which an early crop
is not so injuriously subject, while the other is only one
of the casualties to which the crop is exposed by its
backwardness, and may disappear with a change to clear
dry weather, after ruining the prospect of the few hun-
dred planters first attacked. Still the worm tells more
upon individual opinions than the backwardness; for if
our personal friends, Roe, Doe, Johnson, Jackson,
Smith, and Jones, who wrote U 3 a week ago that they
expected to make 500 or 600 bales a piece, now write that

they have no hopo of making more than a fifth of the
quantity (and such letters were received on the 27th
instant), we are astounded by the iinelligence, and na-
turally think such facts more important than the back-
wardness of the crop.
Apart from worms and backwardness, the crop does
not promise badly, looking better on the high and poor
than on the low and richer soils. It looks well on the
higher grounds of Carolina, Georgia, and the eastern
part of Alabama, but not well south and west of these
districts. If it was two or three weeks earlier we should
count upon 2,300,000 bales, but it is the most backward
crop since 1833, except that of 1843, as shown by the
receipts of new cotton ; on an average throughout the
country, we should say it is two, three, or, perhaps five
days more forward than in 1843, but full two weeks
later than the average of the other six years. Consider-
ing the wet weather here last week, we think the odds
are against its reaching 2,100,000 bales.
Taking in the last dates from the south, the export is
now close upon 1,093,000 bales to Great Britain, and
552,000 to other foreign ports, and the stocks are reduced
below their amount at this time two years ago. By the
next steamer, however, the full accounts of crop, export,
home consumption, Sce., will be transmitted, so we will
not now enlarge upon these topics, though we could say
much upon New Orleans having fallen short 0f1,050,000
bales after estimates of 1,290,000 reiterated for months,
and apparently justified by the actual product per acre
in Louisiana and Mississippi. That the cultivation of
cotton has ceased to extend as it did seven years ago,
and that a greater portion of the increased number of
slaves has been devoted to the production of sugar in
each of the last five years, are facts which we apprehend
will sooner or later be generally conceded—facts in com-
parison with which, worms and backwardness, floods
and droughts and even early frosts, sink into compara-
tive insignificance.

In regard to the lateness of the crop, we will only
particularise one fact—that the late receipts of new
cotton at New Orleans up to the 22d inst. are not as
large as in the remarkably backward year, 1843.
The following are extracts from the papers.—
Trophies of Resaca de la Pulma.—The union publishes
the following extracts from two letters found among the
private baggage of Gen. Arista, which was captured at the
battle of the 9th May:—
Extracts from Tornel's directions for the plan of cam-
paign, dated city of Mexico, April 4, 1846, and addressed
to General. Don Mariano Arista:—

" MINISTRY OF WAR AND MARINE. SECTION OF
OPERATIONS.
* * • * * *

" Ist. The supreme Government desires and orders
that Matamoras be protected at all hazards, and sus-
tained by your entire division—since it is very important
by its situation, by its resources, by the number of its
inhabitants, and by every sort of consideration, military,
moral, and political.
_

" 2d. Having in view that the American army, not
content with having occupied the department of Texas,
has invaded the territories of those of Tamaulipas and
Nuevo Leon, it must be treated as an enemy of the na-
tion, and attacked by every means which war permits,
and which will be suggested by your military skill and
knowledge of the ground which is now the theatre of
operations."

-Extracts from a letter of President Paredes to General
Arista:—

" Private Secretariat of the President of the Republic, to
his Excellency the General of Division, Don Mariano
Arista.

" Mexico, April 16, 1846.
* * * *

" By the same post important orders will be com-
municated to you concerning military operations. Sup-
posing you already on the theatre of operations, and
with all the forces assembled, it is indispensable that
hostilities be commenced, yourself taking the initiative
against the enemy.
" The notification must necessarily be peremptory,
and immediately after all upon him, and don't cease
until he is annihilated. This deeply interests the honour
of the nation under existing circumstances. Our enemy
is overcome with fear, and there is no doubt that they
will all become our prisoners. Advance, then, with the
cry of ' Live the republic !' and cover your brow with
imperishable laurels."