The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-09 00:00:00

ROTAL VICTORIA TIMATr.E.

To trnrpass Pp much Novelty and Attraction 13 impossible. Second
Week of the New Grand Romance of " The Prisoners of the
Seventeenth Century." First Week of " The Cook at Kenning-
ton." Third Week •f "'the Ruined llousc at Milibank."
THIS EVENINei.

Will be performed a Thew Drams, entitled, THE MARCHIONESS
; or, The Poisoners of the Seventeenth Cen-
tory. Principal characters by Messrs. Savi le, Fredericks, Dale,
&WA Miss Vincent.
To be followed by THE COOK AT KENNINGTON ; or, No
Followers Allowed." Characters by Messrs. James, Ilerbert,
Searle ; Miss Terry, Mrs. Lee. &c.
To conclude with THE RUINED HOUSE AT MILBANK.
rupported by Messrs. Saville, Fredericks, Dale, niggle, Searle,
Herbert, Misses Vincent, Terry Richardson, Re.

M A P

THE RAILWAYS.

IN A FEW DAYS WE SHALL PUBLISH A
“RAILWAY ►SUN,"

CONTAINING

A MAP of the RAILWAYS in ACTION, in
PROGRESS, and in PROMISE ; executed in a

style of surpassing Beauty aid Correctnesi. In fact-,
it will be a Map of the greater portion of the
King6lc4m, with all the Lines so marked that he

" who runs may read."

PREPARED BY THE CELEBRATED JAMES WYLD,

GEOGRAPHER TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.

Orders received by all Neufs-agent.Q., and at Tl.e Sun
Office, 112, ,St and.

THE WEATHER.—SIIN OFFICE. FEB 8.
TERANoMETER, Bowest, 38 ; Highest, 55 ; Noon, 44.

BAROMETE4I, 30.1.
WIXD NAV., fine sunshiny weather.

FEBRUARY 9.

T4EAMOMETER, Lowest, 32; Highest, 44; Noon, 39.

BAROMETER, 30.21.
WIND N., morning, frost) : afternoon, fine.

Klan WATER AT LONDON-tRIDGF. Ting DAY.
Yam 53 minutes after 12.1 Evening 15 minutes after 1

year on each of the several articles enumerated in the
resolutions moved on the 27th of January, 1846, by
the Right Hen. Sir ROBERT PEEL, specifying the rate
then levied, and the rate where the same is proposed to
be altered, and showing the aggregate of the duties re-
ceived." In these lists are included the articles the duties
on which are proposed to be repealed ; and our readers
will no doubt be surprised to learn the very small
amount of revenue produced by the fifty different
articles which form this list. The total sum amounts only
to 55,8791., about one-half of which is produced by the
duty on living animals, and nearly the same sum from
manufactures of wool cr of wool mixed with cotton.
The reduction of duties on live cattle, which produced
such alarm at first, has in fact bad no effect whatever,
for the price of cattle has been rising ever since, and the
amount of duties received from most of the remaining
articles is so small as hardly to deserve notice—for in-
stance the annual receipt on bacon is 371., on pork,
fresh, 561., on meat salted or fresh (not otherwise de-
scribed), 153/., on caviare, 81., &c. And when we turn
to the list, in which we find articles which compete with
those produced at home, the smallness of the
quantity imported is equally astonishing. When
the duty on foreign boots and shoes was reduced,
a belief prevailed in certain quarters that London would
be inundated with French boots and shoes, and that Eng-
lish masters and journeymen would be ruined. Here is
the result :—women's boots and shoes, annual receipt of
duty, 5771. ; men's boots, 1,6271. ; bays' boots
end shoes, not exceeding seven inches in length, 1/. ;
hats (felt, hair, wool, or beaver), 47/. ; and a
large quantity of articles of a similar description in pro.
portion. Such a result is highly satisfactory, because it
shows that the skill, industry, and perseverance of our
tradesmen can set foreign competition at defiance,
and that Englishmen, even with a heavy load of taxes,
can outstrip foreigners, and safely dispense with every
protecting duty. We find, from the same return, that
the total amount received I,r corn, grain, meal and flour
during the year, was only 357,2031. This is all the revenue
obtained by the operations of the sliding-scale; but how
much the people had to pay, and how much went into the
pockets of the landowners, is another question. This
glaring anomaly, however, is now on the point of being
abolished for ever; for fresh symptoms occurring every
day, leave no doubt that the measures of Sir ROBERT
PEEL will be triumphantly carried.

Not the least extraordinary, among the political
changes which have supervened upon the Ministerial
conversion, is that of a re-examination, or, as it may be
appropriately terund, a revision of the sentiments' enter-
tained by various constituencies, and professed by their
different representatives. As any mere casual spectator
must have observed during the last fortnight, ourcelumns
have been inundated with requisitions from electors
dispatched from many quarters of the kingdom, and ad-
dressed to county Members, insisting either upon an an-
nouncement of their positive determination to support
the spirit of agricultural monopoly, in opposition to the
proposed commercial alterations, or, on the other hand,
instantly to vacate their seats in Parliament, as
traitors to the cause which they had origi-
nally advocated, and consequently as incompetent to
represent their interests in the Lower House. From the
numerous answers which these requisitions have elicited,
and which have likewise Leen duly chronicled in our
columns, it is unnecessary to do more than remark, that
in a vast majority of cases the Hon. Gentlemen in ques-
tion have candidly and boldly expressed their opposition
to a continuance of an exclusive system of pro-
tection, accompanying the declaration with a straight-
forward and manly account of the peculiar circumstances
which have induced them to recede from their previous
principles as untenable, and at the same moment ac-
cepting the alternative offered by their constituents, by
resigning their posts as Members of the House of Com-
mons. In acting thus, these gentlemen have been
actuated by one most laudable motive in particular ;
they have themselves, through a protracted analysis
of events, through a series of severe investigations, and
through a dispassionate experience of past sessions,
arrived at the very rational deduction that the present
system of import and export duties is prejudicial, not
only to the industrial classes in particular, but also
to every other individual in the community
that the existing restrictions upon trade a-e
contrary to the dictates of common sense, as
filching the pockets of the many for the emolument of
the few—that, in fact, some general and instantaneous
abolition of. these clogs upon commerce was absolutely
requisite, and that the reduction of the abstract theory
into practice was incumbent upon the Legislature.
They had, by perseverance, obtained this more en-
larged view of things ; they took a wider sur-
vey of international trade than heretofore ; they saw
facts in a new light, and through a clearer atmosphere ;
and from a definite desire and expectation that the mul-
titude would take, or had taken, a similar review of these
particularities in our Constitution, they readily with-
drew from their onerous but honourable duties, leaving
the ultimate decision of the matter to time, or to popu-
lar reason. Upon this great and memorable evening—
an evening which will be especially noted in the pages
of our country's history—we would direct a more than
cursory glance at the reply which Lord LINCOLN has
just addressed to the electors of the Southern Division
of the county of Nottingham, in answer to a resolu-
tion, passed some few days since, at a meeting of the
Nottinghamshire Agriculture Protection Association.
We would direct attention to this document at this pre.
cite time from an anxiety on our pert to signalise, in a
senterce or two at least, the various expressions con-
, tained in that letter—expressions which redound so
much to the credit, awl to the honour, and to the con-
sistency of the Noble Lord. We have already, elsewhere,
defined our notion of w hat a true and far-seeing poli-
tical consistency really is; and therefore it will suffice us
to observe that Lord LINCOLN merits this honourable
epithet in a particular manner, as a man who adheres
more to the inferences of sound sense than the paltry
and narrow boundaries of party-feeling—as one
ho rather regercls the whole than the infinitessimal
portion. While the Duke of NEWCASTLE can retain in a
certain degree of subeervieney and thraldom to whet
may in a particular manner inihn nee his re-
venues, those of his tenantry who ere capable
of participating in an electi m, his son can
thus throw off the straight-jacket of self-interest and
follow the instigations of justice to his fellow-men.
Lord HENNIKER also has enacted a part in these recent
squabbles with an equal amount of credit to his
honesty of purpose, by acting in a similar
manner to his constituency of East Suffolk,
though his opinions upon the matter at issue are
not as definitely or comprehensibly expressed. In

conclusion, we can merely utter one more casual com-
ment, namely, that, admirable as the main
characteristics of the Reform Bill were, an
extensi-an both in their conception and in
their operation would have been productive of a still
greater amount cf benefit to cur Constitution. If all
these recent exigencies, for example, had been
taken into account when that great and ever
glorious measure was being framed, we should never
have witnessed the misunderstandings to which we
have made this particular allusion. The discussion, how-
ever, which has already commenced in Parliament may
ramedy more social grievances than we can well cal-
culate. This very night may in future times be looked
back to u the starting point of our most memorable,
and most peaceful, and most triumphant Revolution.

In another column will be found a statement of
he amount of the proposed increase in the army
and Levy. As to the necessity of this in-
crease, we imagine there cannot be two opi-
nions, fur even the most crotchetty of the mt,mbers of
the Peace Society must perceive that at the present
moment the only possible way of preserving peace is
to let Mr. President Pons and his backers see that we
are fully prepared for war. The increase in the artil-
lery and in the army may perhaps be sufficient,
although we should by no means have objected to have
seen a still larger increase proposed in both those forces;
but with regard to the navy and the marines, we con-
sider that the increase is lamentably insufficient. In
the navy not only should there be an increase
in the
of number cf men to at least double
the amount proposed, but there should be an in-
creasepay and an increase of comfort. The pay of a
seaman in the British nary is somewhere about thirty
shillings a month. In the British merchant service,
and in the United States' navy,
three pounds per month—ratherseame more than double.
thepay is upwards of
The demand for able-bodied n is greater than the
supply, and Sir ROBERT PEEL as
a
economist must know that the price of goodsll rslab politicalour,
like the price of every other description of labour,
regulated by the doctrine of demand and supply, and that
if the country wants the services of able-bodied seamen,
it must be prepared to pay the proper price to se-
cure them. As to attempting to revive the
system cf impressment, the Government might
as well attempt to revive the system of serfdom. "The
schoolmaster" bas been abroad for the last thirty years,
and the pupils of the schoolmaster will never submit to
the press-gtng. The =Alen which paid20,00:1,0il0e01. forit
the emancipation of black slaves,
will not tolerate any
attempt to
atrocious system of white slavery, known revive
the
under
the name of impressment, will not grudge a
fair and proper and liberal remuneration to those gallant

men to whose prowess it is indebted, net alone for its
station, its power, its wealth, and its honour,
but for its very existence. Let us hope, therefore,
that the present session of Parliament will not
close without some material increase being voted to the
pay of the ordinary seaman. Then again with regard
to the Royal Marines, the increase proposed is only to
the extent of 2,500 men. This is by no means a suffi-
cient increase to the effective strength of this the most
efficient and useful corps in her MAJESTY'S service. Be
it recollected that the marines are both soldiers and
sailors, that they are accustomed to be at sea, and that,
therefore, unlike the soldiers of the line, they do
not suffer from sea sickness, but are ready
for action the instant they land upon an enemy's coast.
We need only allude to the Chinese war, as a proof
of the usefulness of a large body of marines in
conducting a coast warfare ; and as a war
with the United States would, as far as the
American Atlantic seaboard is concerned, partake very
much of the character of the Chinese war, we think it
would be but prudent on the part of the Executive to
ask for a much larger increase to the corps of Royal
Marines than the one proposed. In making
these preparations, the Government should bear in
mind the maxim of the Duke of WELLINGTON, that " a
great nation cannot make a little war," and it is only by
a great nation showing that it is determined
to meke any war, into which it may be
forced a great one, that it can prevent a
community, which repudiates the laws of nations and
of honour as openly and avowedly as it has already
repudiated those of honesty, by repudiating its just
debts, from annoying it by a little piratical war under-
taken for the mere purpose of plunder.

We hare received Madrid papers of the 31st ult. On that
day the new Electoral Bill was presented and read by the
Secretary. It is nearly the same as that brought forward
last session, and the principal feature is, that the elections
will take place by districts and colleges, and not by pro-
vinces. In answer to some complaints of Senor Onnssz re-
specting the persecutions against the press, the Minister of
the Interior said he considered the liberty of the press as one
of the necessary conditions of a constitutional government,
but it was extremely difficult to regulate and keep it in
harmony with complete liberty and public order. Govern-
ment had prepared a Bill on the subject, which would be laid
before the Chambers in a few days.

On the 31st the Three per Cents. closed at 38% at 60 days;
the Five per Cents., at 2314 at CO days ; the Coupons, at
24% at 60 days; and the Madrid and Aranjnez Railroad
shares at 2,070 at CO days.

In the French Chamber of Deputies M. GurzoT, after the
motion of M. D'ANGEviLLE respecting Madagascar had been
adopted, declared that the expedition would not leave
France until the Committee on extraordinary credits had
examined the vote for that purpose. Most of the journals
express disapprobation of this unexpected delay. Even the
Epoque blames the Government: "Assuredly," it says ' if
there be anything in the world conducted with reserve, it is
this affair of Madagascar. We reg trd the conduct of the
Cabinet as even too cautious—it is absolutely timid. Our
flag has been insulted by the islanders of Madagascar, our
countrymen having establishments in the island have been
molested and pillaged. It is now decided to vindicate the
honour of our flag, and to afford an efficient support to the
interests of French subjects. In our opinion such a line of
conduct is the least that could be adopted. Under pain of
dishonour it was absolutely impossible not to decide on this
expedition. We should have blamed the Cabinet not to have
determined on it; wo do not believe that it ought to be
lauded for doing what it has done, because the accomplish-
ment of a rigorous duty does not merit an eulogium. But the
Cabinet has thought it right to accompany its preparations
with restrictions and palliatives of which we do not perceive
the necessity. It has protested that it had not in view any
establishment or any project of colonisation. What is the
use of these declarations beforehand; why are these engage-
ments entered into? There is always time to do or not to
do; but it appears to us absolutely superfluous to abjure
one's liberty of action for the future. This conduct
appears to us, therefore, prudent to excess, or to
speak more correctly, timid." The Presse is equally
opposed to delay What it is now permitted to us to see
is that the expedition, if it should take place at 'all, will be
without result. We say if it shoull take pace, for nothing
can be more doubtful. The Minister of Foreign Affairs de-
dared that it will not set out until the Chamber, specially
discussing the question by a demand for grants, shall have
categorically expressed its opinion on this subject. A month
will certainly elapse before that moment can arrive." The
Constitutionml expresses great anger at the turn which
affairs are taking, and than closes an article on the subjxt :
" We are warranted in thinking that our ships and our troops
have been got together, and the expedition been prepared,
only to disgust-us with it. Can anything be more puerile
than such conduct and such avowals ? What esteem can
France have for a Government which renders the most im-
portant affairs dependent upon su.-.14 sad calculations ?"

The following paragraph respecting the disputes between
the French and Hayti Governments appears in the rresse :
" Fresh information which we have received tends to con-
tradict the news which had been lately given us of an ar-
rangement between the Government of Hayti and our repre-
sentativfs at St. Domingo. The ultimatum sent in by Cap-
tain Lartigue to President Pierrot was composed of two parts,
an indemnity of 15,000 gourds (the gourd is worth a little
more than and the official retractation of a decree issued
by the President on the occasion. For the first part we be-
lieve there is no difficulty; but, for the second, the case is
quite the opposite. The last packet from the West Indies
did not bring any official news on the subject, but we believe
that we have received such information as enables us to de-
clare that the President has peremptorily refused the second
part of the satisfaction demanded. We may add, and the
next arrival will confirm our statement, that his refusal was
of such a nature as to add to our just complaint."
On Friday the Chamber of Deputies adopted the Address,
in reply to the Speech from the Throne, by a majority of 232
to 141.

A general meeting of the shareholders of the Great
Northern Railroad was held at Paris, on Thursday, when it
appeared, from the report of the Directors, that the line will
be opened, as far as Clermont, in March next, and to Amiens
in April, or the beginning of May. The centre line will be
opened to the public ia June.

A letter from Berne states that, on the Ist instant, the pri-
mary assemblies had to pronounce on the decision of the
Grand Council relative to undertaking itself the work of reei-
sion. About 34,000 citizens voted, and only 10,000 sanctioned
the decision of the Grand Council, the rest deciding that
the reviAon should be confided to a constituent assembly. Thc
greate,t excitement prevailed. 'frees of liberty had been
planted in various places, with other manifestations of popu-
lar commotion, which caused anxiety to the more peaceable
portion of the community-.

The Augsburg Gazette, of the mod, states that the police et
TuPc;,,ny have arrested, at Leghorn, a coffee-housekeeper, in
whose house they four•d a corm p nalence with the conspira-
tors of the Romagna. S,veral other arrests were made after
this discovery. The same journal states that a police agent
has been awassinated at Ancona; and accounts from Flo-
rence announce that great dissatisfaction had been manifested
against the Government, for atlivering up RIENZI. The
most violent placards 'were posted up in the streets, and the
GRAND DUKE, to evade the annoyance, had retired t• the
➢laremma for a time.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Pane Bourse on Friday at
83f. 85c. ; the live per Cents , 123 f. sc. ; the Orleans Railroad shares,
1.283 f. 75c.; Rouen, 1,805 f. ; Havre, 685 E; Avignon, 985 f.;
Vierzon, 704.; Bordeaux, 640 f. 28e.; Boulogne, 1340 f. ; Troyes and
Montereau, 450 f. ; Basle, 255 f. ; Greet Northern, 766 f. 25e. ; Yam-
poux (Paris to Strasburgh), 550 f. ; Spanish Three per Cents., 3834 ;
Ditto, Domestic Debt, 33,, ; Ditto, Passives, 6%.

We have since received the Paris papers of Saturday, but
they contain no IIe;TS. The large majority (91) for Ministers
on the ac:option of the Address, had given "a heavy blow
and great discouragement" to the Opposition, and the funds
in cons'quence closed on Saturday at a considerable advance.
The prices were quoted as follows:

Three: per Cents. for Cash, 84f. 15c., for Account, 84f. 25c. ; Fi-e
per Cents. for Cash, 123 f. 30c., for Account, 123 f. 40c ; Bank of
France Shares, 3,395 f. ; _Neapolitan Shares, 10If. 50c. ; Spanish, net
quoted ; New Loan, 84f. sc.

Paris and Orleans lett off at 1,255 f. ; Paris and Rouen, 1,007 f. 50e. ;
Rouen and Havre, 695 f. ; Avignon, 990 f. ; Vierzon, 705 f.; Strasburg,
253 f. 75e. ; Boulogne and Amiens, 545 f. ; Northern, 767 f. boe. ; Bor-
deaux, 645 f. ; Montereau, not quoted ; Fampoux, 48.5 f.

. ,
Definkives have improved, Lyons having been taken at 620 f.;
Tours and Nantes, 573 L 75e. ; Strasburg, bs3f. 73e. ; Avignon, 560 f.
BUSINESS DONE IN FORED:N RAILWAYS AT VIM

LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, FEB. 7.

Boulogne and Amiens, 12!4 —Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette
( rackenzie), 2—Ditto (Espeleta), VA —Ceylon, I—Dutch Rhenish,
7% Great Northern of France Constituted, 15%—Italian and Aus-
trian, I%—Lyons and Avignon, 2%—Luxembourg, 2N—Nainur and
Liege, B—Rouen and Piavre, 28 ex div.

Mr. Byng, the venerable father of the House of Com-
mons, is to attend this afternoon fur the purpose of in-
troducing Lord Morpeth. It is expected that the Noble
Lord will be introduced by Mr. Byng and Lord John
Russell.

Mr. Hayward, Q.C., has petitioned the Judges, in
there capacity of visitors of the inns of Court, to give
him redress in the matter of his exclusion from the
bench of the Inner Temple.

THE PUNJAUB.—Mr. Wyld, of Charing-cross, has
just published a map of the theatre of war in India, at a very
moderate price. It exhibits the position of every town, and
almost every hamlet and village on the banks of each of the
five rivers; and will be found extremely useful for reference
when the official dispatches, describing the battles on the
Sutlej, rezch this country.
Sir George Murray, Master-General of the Ordnance,
is improving in health.
•It was very currently reported on Saturday that the
Court of Directors t f the East India Company were in pos-
session of accounts from Sir Henry Hardinge, of twelve
hours later date than those published in the papers, and that
these accounts are favourable.—Observer.
It is said, in the military circles, that Colonel Cath-
cart is likely to succeed the late lamented Col. Gurweod as
the managemTe:tEo"Tta
Deputy Lieutenant of the Tower.—Observer.
this
ehlotuyseafterwenohvaeclitya dis-
tinguishesnew
wthe RisNle s appea.rfor the last time
to-morrow, we are to have a new Yballet on Thursday. The
Nest,. A t a numerous
terwo
Eastun s
Pantomime is quite as attractive as ever, and the houses
lontahr, held
meeting of
crowded every night.
tenant-farmerst EET
I NG
Or loAfut hmeE Ml' si'd—,
thel
on Wednesday in the Royal Exchange,
resolved to appoint a committee to draw up a memorial
Government, praying for compensation, and the conversion
, f their pre,i lit monov rents into grain reute, in the (vent k f
the measure proposed by Sir R. Peel regarding the corn-
laws, &c., being carried into offect.—Edinburgh Advertiser,

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