The Sun.
London, England, 1846-03-13 00:00:00

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.

- - -
The German Universal Gazette of the 7th inst. announces
that Generals Rohr and Safft joined, on the 3d, the Prussian
corps of army along the frontier of Cracow. The war re-
serve was being actively organised in the circle of Breslau,
and soma hundreds bad already been incorporated with the
troops destined to operate against the insurgents. The latter
had partly withdrawn from the frontier, but only a portion
of their main force bad entered Gallicia.
The same journal states, on the authority of a letter from
Breslau of the 4th instant, that a deputation of the notable
inhabitants of Cracow waited on the Austrian General Collin
at Podgorze. ou the 3d, and proposed a capitulation, which
that officer refused to accept until the arrival of the Prussian
general.
The ussiau Universal Gazette of the 7th inst. men-
tioned that Cracow was occupied on the 3d by the Russian
troops, without any resistance, and that the Austrians were
to enter the city on the following day. General Rohr, the
Prussian cammander, had been ordered to cross the frontier
on the sth.
The following details relate to events of a previous date,
but still possess much interest :
" The Austrian Observer of the :id instant contains a letter
from Podgorze, dated the 28th ult., which states that the
Prussian General De Felden had Vaced himself at the head
of 1,200 infantry, 400 lancers, and four pieces of cannon, in
communicetion with the Austrian General Collin, near Neu-
hiemn, on the 28th ult. There were at the same period sta-
tioned in the neighbourheod of Cracow five battalions of
Russian infantry, four squadrons of cavalry, and 600 Cos-
sacks, with a corresponding force of artillery. Letters from
Wailowiez, of the left, inst.; announced that a body of insur-
gents coming from Cracow, burning and destroying every-
thing on their passage, and who were marching on Wacowicz
through Jordanow, were compelled to return en consequence
of the arrival of a division of troops aided by a number of pea-
sants. A second body of insurgents, ho had appeared near
Liumuowa, were likewise defeated. At Wadowicz there were
nearly 150 prisoners captured by the peasantry there were
insurgents." " Thus," says the Journal des Debuts, " on one
aide the insurgents, on the other side the peasants united
with the troop', exercise over this unfortunate country
all the horrors of war, with an incredible pertinacity and
violence. Gallicia is cut into two unequal portions by the
high road of Lemberg. At the left of the road along the
Vistula, and as far as the Calatine of Luplin, in the ancient
kingdom of Polandethis country is quite level. On the right,
on the contrary, the country is hilly. The chain of the Car-
pathian mountains commences at Wadowicz on one side, and
on the other at a few miles beyond Gdow. Further the
country becomes more and more mountainous. Sandecz,
the capital of the circle, is situated amidst lofty hills;
and, at four leagues from thence, commences the prin-
cipal chain of the Carpathian mountains, which separate
Gallicia from Hungary. According to the Austrian official
accounts, the three columns which marched from Cracow
tcok different directions. The first advanced by the direct
road to Lemberg; it was met by Colonel Benedek, at Gdow,.
and dispersed. It took refuge at Wieliczka, situated at
15 miles from Podgorze. General Collin detached two
companies against that column. According to the official
report the insurgents abandoned the town without a con-
test, but they were unable to return to Cracow. The two
other columns passed between Wadowicz and Gdow,
which are about 20 leagues distant from each other. One
of those columns, which proceeded towards Jordanow,
appears to have suffered most. It was defeated by the gar-
rison of Wadowicz, aided by the peasants. It is not known
whether the remains of this column returned to Cracow, or
whether they took refuge in the Carpathian mountains.
The third column, which appeared in the environs of Lima-
nowa, was repulsed. This town is thirty leagues from
Cracow. The fate of this column is not known. The sitna-

THE BEAN.
(From the Inverness Courier.)
The late disease in the potato seems not only to have
placed the agricultural, but the political, world in a quan-
dary; and politicians have been quite as much puzzled,
and as unsuccessful, in finding a substitute for Sir Ro-
bert Peel, as we agriculturists have been in finding a
substitute for the potato—and probably for the very
same reason—namely, that none of our indigenous
plants seem to have scope enough in them to fill the
place. Whether we may ultimately be more suc-
cessful than our friends the politicians, time will
try ; for my part, I have not much hope of the
event, from this very good reason, that although
we have had a little back-sliding in the potato, caused
by our own stupidity, its life and character as a species
remains unimpaired. Indeed, we have no single in-
stance, even in tradition, of a plant being lost to the
world that was found to be worth the care and trouble of
keeping. Then why should we despair of the potato ?
My object, however, is not so much to recommend a
substitute as an as-istant ; for it must be confessed that
potatoes of themselves, even of the mealiest kind, are but
watery and weak when we come to dig ditches or trench
land upon them ; and, besides, it seems almost an
anomaly in nature that the life of a warm-blooded animal
should depend upon a single plant. We have no instance
of it in nature, except among the grubs and caterpillars ;
and it is sickening to think that so many of our fellow-
creatures are reduced to such a condition.
_ _ _

tion of the city of Cracow is most lamentable. The Russian
corps has not yet passed the republican frontier, which is
but two leagues distant from Cracow. It menaces the part

The great defect in the potato, as food for a hard-
working man, is the undue proportion of carbonaceous, '
as compared with the azotisel matter it contains, which
plainly points it out as aq article of diet that should
never be eaten alone, when it can be helped. This law
is, indeed, very strictly kept by all who can afford it.
But what comes of the thousands of our fellow-creatures
who have to begin and end their days on pota-
toes ?—it is worse than " making bricks without
straw." This is a very serious consideration, and
an evil not easily remedied as society is at
present constituted. For every one that is born
with a knife and fork—even a steel fork—there are
probably, three born without them ; and as cultivation
increases, tl:e pro, o tion between animal and farinaceous
food will farther decrease, as the vegetative life which
can be produced from an acre of potatoes is so very
great when compared with an acre of land under beef
or mutton.

strongly recommend its cultivation and use. This plant
is admirably adapted for small tennant and Jotter cul-
tivation, and it is these that principally need it. Little
seed is required at first, the fodder is equal to the best
ryegrass hay, and the plant is of itself of that
pliable temperament, that you may hand feed it from
April till the frost sets in at the fall of the year. It will
bloom and pod to the last, and thus secure an extra crop,
whereas with the oat, the barley, and other cereal
grasses, you are nearly precluded from this reward of
care and watchfulness, as the head and ear of these
grasses is formed before the stalk or leaves reach many
inches above the ground, and no future care or cul-
tivation will increase the number of " pickles " in these
ears.
But I know small tenants will say—Oh ! beans would
not grow with us ; we never saw beans but on the strong
lands of the "big farmers." This is very true ; we
generally see the beat beans on strong stiff soils ; but the
simple fact of beans always growing best on these stiff
soils, when well and often ploughed and hoed deep,
shows us that it was not the stiffness of the soil which is
so congenial to the bean, but the ingredients which these
soils generally contain, the principel of which are be-
lieved to be the alkalies. Those who live near the sea-
side have been carrying alkaline matter, in the shape of
sea-ware, on their backs to their lands fur the last fifty
years, while at the same time they have been vigor-
ously cultivating the potato, a plant in its ingre
dients, and consequently its food, notoriously the re-
verse of the bean. From these and other circum-
stances they are undoubtedly in a better plight for culti-
vating the bean than any other class ; and as they see
that the "big farmers," the manufacturers, and mer-
chants, and those who are " under Government," eat all
the beef and mutton from them, it is themselves that
especially require the bean. I would say to them, "do
not talk about not liking bean brose or bean bread." In
a single bannock you are probably swallowing as much
real food as in a whole pot-full of potatoes. As to the
liking of this or that sort of food, believe me, it is all
nonsense. Our relish for food does not depend on what
we eat but on the state of hunger we may be in, aed I
do believe the cotter relishes his " brochan" as much as
the alderman does his turtle-soup.
The cultivation of the bean is simple and easy. Dib-
bling them in is, I think, the best plan ; make the rows
eighteen inches apart, and dibble the beans at three
inches asunder in the rows. This will require about
two bushels per Scotch acre. Hoe well during the season,
and sow as early as the season will permit—sow the
lieliogoland variety. It should be no ditcouragement to
small tenants, in trying the beans, that there
are none grown in their neighbourhood. This may
be from the very simple reason that they have
never been tried. There are no field beans culti-
vated within fifty miles of where I live, yet,
this season, I had at the rate of fifty bushels the
acre, on a piece of very ordinary land, being exactly
double what the " big farmers" reckon a good crop on
their strong lands, and double what I have been counting
upon in my previous calculations in this letter. Think
of this ; 3,0001b5. of stuff equal to beef or mutton, with-
out bones too, on a single acre, and all to be left to
yourselves—for it is not the fashion at present for the
great folks to eat bean bread, and good fashions never
travel up hill, although bad ones travel either way ! By
all means, therefore, try the Beans.

of the city the least susceptible of defence. For this reason
it is believed that the city mu t surrender. It may be re-
collected that the insurrection proved k.ortive at Posen on
the 19th of February, and that more than 500 individuals.
almost all members of the upper classes of the nobility and
clergy, were arrested and confined in Posen and cam.- et'
sian fortresses. A plan was formed to capture the es,
daring the night of the 3d instant. It was combined witl..re
attack from without the walls by the peasants attacnea
to the estates of Count Dzialyn.ski. This last attempt
failed, but not without a sanguina-y collison, which
c,,st the lives of five of the principal conspirators. Several
others were wounded, forty-five were taken prisoners, and
forty persons were arrested on suspicion. The Prussian
troop., moreover, obtained possession of four waggons laden
with arms and ammunition. 'The German journals throw
some light on the plan of the insurgents, which was organised
a long time since, and was to have broken out at the same
time in several towns of the ancient provinces. According
to this plan, three fortified towns in the Duchy of Posen were
to have been surprised as a basis of operations against the
former kingdom of Poland. The fortresses designed were
Posen, Graudentz, and Bramberg. The insurgents expected
to establish their supplies of arms, ammunition, and provi-
sions. Gallicia was intended to be their principal line of
operations against the southern provinces of Russia, where
the conspirators bad long been tampering with the young
officers of the army and the nobility. The conspiracy in
Posen failed in consequence of the vigilance of the
authorities and the iidelity of the troops. Cracow
was the centre whence the signal for the insurrec-
tion was to be given. It was there, likewise, that a pro-
visional Government was to have been formed, and sub-
sequently a national representation, composed of delegates
from all the ancient provinces and from amongst the emi-
grants. We have not yet received any information relative
to what passed in the Russian provinces, where the insur-
gents proposed to act with the greatest energy. The article
of the Journal de Varsocie, the organ of Prince Paskewitcb,
gives but an incomplete idea, not to say more, of what took
place at Siedlce."
The committee of the Polish emigrants resident in Great
Britain and Ireland has addressed the following letter to tke
Prince Czartoryski, now in Paris:—
" London 38, Great Pulteney-street,
Golden-square, March 10.
" Prince,--The Polish emigrants resident in Great Britain
and Ireland, whom this committee has the honour to repre-
sent, have made a formal declaration, on the 9th of Febru-
ary, to the effect that, in order to give the necessary harmony
and useful direction to the national etl'orts, they have ac-
knowledgesl your Highness as their chief, and submitted
themselves to your orders. To-day, when the struggle
for independence has actually began on our native soil, and
whilst our conviction is stronger than ever that only by union
amongst us we will be enabled to insure that great national
object, the committee feel it their duty to renew the above
declaration, and to add that the Poles resident here, impatient
to share in the efforts and dangers of their brethren now under
arms, look forward with confidence to the guidance of your
Highness, and trusting to your wisdom and patriotism,
promise the most faithful obedience to your commands, with-
out any regard to the political opinions which individually
they raav profess.
" We have the honour to be, with respect, Prince,
" Your Highness's most obedient and humble servants,
" LEON JABLONSKI, President.
" COUNT M. GRABOW SKI.
" COLONEL LACH SZYRMA.
" VINCENT KNEZYNSKI.
" JOHN TERLECKI, Secretary."

The natural economy of things in infant states of
society, where wild and tame animals bear a large
proportion to arable cultivation, is to run into the ex-
treme of animal food ; while, in the advanced stages,
in purely agricultural countries (where alone dense
populations can subsist), the opposite or starchy extreme
is also as naturally adopted. That this state is already
realised to a painful extent in a large section of Great
Britain and Ireland is acknowledged on all hands ; but
how to remedy the blunder is not easy to perceive. The
readiness and cheapness with which vegetable food,
sufficient to keep the vital spark glimrwzing in its
socket, can be raised, as compared with animal food, is
so great, that we despair of the bulk of our fellow crea-
tures being ever again able to clutch the knife and fork.
In this state of matters it behoves us all to cast about to
see if there is nothing which can be substituted for flesh
and blood in the manufacture of this very necessary in-
gredient in our food— this raw material of the thews and
sinews of animal life.
The great distinction between animal and vegetable
food seems to be the relative proportions of carbon and
nitrogen they respectively contain. The great bulk of
vegetables are comparatively scanty in nitrogen, while
some (as, for instance, the potato) is so destitute of this
principle, that, even w hen compared with the dry car-
bon, it only amounts to about half a cent. ; while, on
the other hand, some plants (as the leguminous, or bean
tribe) rival beef or mutton in the amount of azotised
matter they contain. The natural inference to be drawn
from this is so plain that it scarcely r. quires pointing
out. In the potato we have a substance so
deficient in the proper ingredients of the
blood, that, of itself, it is barely enough to
support human life ; while in the bean we
have all the principal ingredients of the blood, almost in
a state of purity, but which, nevertheless, is not perfectly
suited to the human constitution ; there is a want of that
very ingredient which the potato contains in excess,
namely, carbon, and without which the heat of the
human frame could not be maintained. Now, seeing

that by the constitution of things we cannot all .et meat
to our potatoes, how would it do to mix these two sub-
stances, seemingly created to supply the wants of each
other ? The process is simple, and the result certain ; as by
doing so, we have at once an amalgam suited to all the
wants of the human constitution, and at an expense
which need not deter any one who can afford to eat at
all. But this will be more vividly seen by reference
to the following table, made up from the most recent,
and believed to be the most correct analysis of these
substances. For the sake of simplicity, and on account
of carbon and nitrogen being reckoned the principal in-
gredients necessary in building up animal structures, I
omit the others :

Carbon. Nitrogen.
Produce of 1 acre, say 25 bushels of
beans.
1,1: acre, say 1321bs of beef 66 19
acre, say 6 tons of po-
tatoes .
It will thus be seen that an acre of land in beans not only
produces four times as much of these grand ingredients
in the animal organism, carbon and nitrogen, as an acre
under beet, but the relative proportions are so near to
that of beef that they may safely be set down as errors
in analysis or calculations. What waste, then, must it
be to gather up cur nitrogen through the aid of sheep
and cattle, while it can be so cheaply and handily done
by a crop of beans? Again, in reference to the above
table, we see that the nitrogen in beans is
something about the same ratio as in the flesh
of animals, and as we know from instinct
and experience that flesh requires something in
the shape of carbon to saturate the excess of nitrogen, so
as to make it agreeable and wholesome to the human
constitution, we have another beautiful provision of the
All-bountiful Preserver, in the beans—given us, no doubt,
as " kitchen" for the rather watery and starch individual,
the potato. The excess of nitrogen in the bean is pro-
bably something about what will make up for the want
of nitrogen in the potato, after you deduct the share of
the potatoes usually allotted to the pig, and take in the
" drop" of butter-milk—that is, under these deductions
and additions, an acre of beans should saturate an acre
of potatoes, or vice versa.

WOOLWICH ROYAL MARINE BARRACKS.—The eree-
hurt of these new buildings is nearly completed, at an estimated cost
of 70,000/. The new Royal Marine Barracks will accommodate
1,000 men, and the usual complement of officers. An extensive
hospital is attached.
Rncnu FUR TETE NAVY.—Recruiting for the navy
is being carried on with great spirit. In the neighbourhood of Rat-
cliff-highway and Wapping, nearly every public-house exhibits
placards of " able seamen being wanted for her Majesty's service ;"
the Names of the various ships being given which require men.
REVERSE of FORTIINE.—There is at present follow-
ing the occupatien of a drover at Smithfield-market a person who
formerly kept a pack of hounds in one of the midland counties.
RAILWAY ACCIDENTS.—On Tuesday afternoon, the
Centaur engine, which propelled the two o'clock Exeter train from
Paddington, on arriving between West Drayton and Slough stations
burst ont , of the tubes of her boner, consequently extinguishing the
tire; rts escape of steam was such that it was at first imagihed the
train was on tire. Fortunately the Gazelle engine, which brought
the half-past one o'clock train down was in readiness, and took the
disabled train on to Swindon, where a more powerful engine was
provided and the train proceeded to its de3tination. having peen de-
tained only a short time. The Gazelle engine when leaving Swindon,
on her return to Paddington. unfortunately came in collision with a
truck, by which both the engine and truck were seriously damaged,
but happily the engine driver and stoker escaped without injury.
The same afternoon the ten o'clock train from Exeter eras detained
sixteen minutes, in consequence of the works of the Vesta engine
1164; deranged, and did not arrire at Paddington until nearly six

None of our physiologists enter very minutely into
the question as to the proper mixture of carbon and ni-
trogen in human food. Liebig, that prince of physiolo-
gists, in one instance states as follows:—'Fifteen pounds
of flesh contain not more carbon than four pounds of
starch; and while the savage, with one animal and an
equal quantity of starch, could maintain life and health
for a certain number of days, he would be compelled, if
confined to flesh, in order to procure the carbon necessary
for respiration, to consume five such animals," Liebig, in
this paragraph, seems to infer that weight for weight
in flesh and starch is the proper mixture. Now, this
bears me out in a remarkable manner ; as, granting that
flesh and beans are almost identical in their two prin-
cipal elements (which no chemist doubts), the gross
weight of an acre of beans, say of 25 bushels, is
1,6001b5., which exactly covers the starch, sugar, &c.,
in an acre of potatoes carrying six tons—(see Profes-
sor Johnston's tables.)
We now come to another class of facts, which, on
the present generation, strike harder and sink deeper,
than the symbolic figures, atomic weights, and
sulphuric acid facts of the chemists. Who has
ever rode a bean-fed horse for any distance but
has been charmed with his firmness under him, and
his life, spirit, and endurance on a journey ? Who but
has admired the springy step, the restlessnes and impa-
tience to get on, evinced in every muscle of his body ?
This is always in contradistinction to a grass or potato-
fed horse, as a general rule—for, no doubt, there are
horses as well as human beings that even beans will not
put life in. Again, who has ever compared a piece of
bean-fed with a piece of potato-fed bacon ? The one is
like cutting up a sponge filled with train oil, while
the other is like slicing down lancewood or hickory.
The very butcher who " sticks" your pig will tell
you whether beans has been an ingredient in its
food. Marshall, a writer on rural economy, mentions
that the bean, where not fraudulently mixed (a very
pious fraud we should think) with baker's bread,
is principally given to horses, pigs, and other domestic
animals, in the midland counties of England, on account
of the spirit and sleekness it imparts to them. In regard
to pigs he states, that when fed on beans the meat be-
comes so hard that it makes but ordinary pork, but very
good bacon. Now these are qualities whieh, although
partaken of by the lower animals, few will be disposed to
cavil at in man. In fact, these qualities sit very grace-
fully on every grade of animated nature, and we should
like vastly to see a portion of them imparted to the
peasantry of the sister kingdom—as certainly the appear-
ance of a ship-load of Irish reapers, newly landed on our
shores, gives one an idea of anything but "slet kness."
The hardness also, in bean-fed pork, is the very thing we
want. It is the loose fibrous texture of potato-fed meat,
whether in the horse, the pig, or the human being, that
is undesirable.

THE NEW BUILDING ACT.—Wejtysday morning the
paronial authorities of St. Giles'e-in-the-Fields, St. George's,
Bloomsbury, anti St. Martin's ;a the-Fields, were busily employed
delivering printed notices to the housekeepers in those districts to
have their ostlers cleared of inhabitants that now occupy them, be-
fore the Ist dae of July next, according to the provisions of the ne iv
Metropolitan Building Act, which comes in force en that day. In
Dualey-etreet (late Monnenttli-street) and street adjoining, every
kitchen or cellar is now occupied by persons mending old clothes,
b eats, shoes, &e., all of whom pay exorbitant rents for their
miserable habitations.
A LEARNED MAYOR.—Lord Mansfield when on the
circuit at Shrewsbury, having been asked to dinner by the Mayor of
the town, his Lordship observing an antique clock in the room, re-
marked to the Mayor, " that he supposed Sir John Falstaff fought
by that clock," to which the Mayor replied, " He could not tell, for
he hal not the pleasure of knowieg Sir John." Lord Mansfield then
tried hie host on another subject, and remarked, " that the town ap-
peared very old," to which the Mayor replied, " it was always cc,
please your Lordship."
RAILWAY COMMUNICATION WITH INDIA THROUG EC
CENTRAL EUROPE.—In the notice of the proposition of Dr. Plate, in
reference to this subject, the time and distance should have sto Pd
thus:—By Saloniki, from London to Ostend, nine hours ; from Oste pd
to saleuiki, with curves, 1,410 English miles, at 35 miles per hour by
spacial train, fort.) -one hours. From Saloniki to Alexandria 'i,770
steaming at 10 miles au hour, seventy-seven hears. Total
front
p Lundell to Alexandria by Salosiki one hundred and twenty-
-"n hours, or five days seven hours. By Athens, from London to
Salonika, fifty hours ; from Saloniki to Athens, with curves, about,
2eo miles, eight hours ; front Athens to Alexandria 600 miles, sixty
hours. Total, via
Athens, one hundred and eighteen hours, or four
days twenty-two hours.C~A
ItRISG C ACCIDENT IN REGENT-STREET.-011
Wednesday afterno u, between three and four o'clock, a serious a
m tr-
riage accident occurred to rs.
in Park-street. Grosvenor-- an elderly lady, residing
at the time the street was nor-square.
She ices crossing Regent street
pg
the approach of a cab she ran back,direction, and 'ivithela a
with carriages, when observi
gentleman's carriage s
vanced in a contraryher confusion she ran agar pat
one of the horses, which knocked her down, and before it was p ne-
sible for the coachman to pull the horsuP, she was under th sir
y ussho chest.
rtly before
feet, and sustained severe injuries about the bod,
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE.—On Wednesday,
ten o'clock, an alarming and destructive fire
gberwOltaeout on the pre-
mites of Mr. Smith, linendraper, No. 100, Ed
reeriebbooii
_
ton. It appears that Mr. Smith and his shopmen were Padleanin'e linuge-
the window, when one of them by accident let fall a pie
on the gas light, which ignited with several others, and of
and a
minutes afterwards the shop was one mass of fire. The engines from
few
Paddingtou, Baker-street, Wells-street, Oxford-street, and the
County, promptly attended, a plentiful supply of water was soon ob-
tained, and in less than an hour the the was got under.
A LONDON FuG Ili MANCHESTER.—A similar fog
to +hat which obscured the atmosphere of London on Monday ap-
pears to have prevailed in Manchester at the sante time, as nu La
noticed In the Manchester Guardian :—." During the morning cif
Monday last, there was a strong hoar frost, and the early morni
was clear an I fine ; but later, that is about nine o'clock, a fog car-se •
on, which was very much more dense in the town than the subur`m
While it was comparatively clear at Pendleton, Ardwiek-
green, Higher Broughton, and other environs of Man-
chester, the fog was very thick and smoky in Lite centre of the town.
It eentinued to increase till about ten o'clock, when it was as dark
as on a moonless and starless night. Shops, mills, warehouses, and. ;
other places of business, were all lighted up with gas. The sun,.
which shone brightly in the outskirts of the town, could not for some:
time pierce through Via murky, yellowish brown atmosphere in,
siehich tile town was enveloped ; but at length, his beams having be-
come sufficiently potent, the fog rolled off le a few seconds, end
the atmosphere instantly became much lighter, in every sense of the
word; the gas ices extinguished, and the fog `left not a wreck
behind."

THE WHEAT CROP.—The appearance of the young
wheat in this county is at present very good, though on rich lands it
it growing more rapidly than is quite sate at this season of the year ;
but we understand that in some of the best districts in Lincolnshire,
where the wheat is sown in drills, the greater part of the plant has.
been destroyed by slugs and insects, which always abound In unusu-
ally mild winters. There can be no doubt, from the extraordinary
number of birds which are to be met with in all parts of the country,
that there must be much more than the usual supply of grubs and
other insects In the ground, to enable them to support life. In our
part of the county there are as many birds now as are usually met
with in the month of May, including stragglers of almost every
variety, and if it was riot for them, nothing that is In the ground
would escape from the grubs. During the last month we have not
had inure than two or three severe nights until Saturday last. The
weather then became sharp, and continues to be so still, though
scarcely severe eaougtt to tree vegotatioa Prom Its taeoot Ustroyers.
..„..korpool Timm

THE PRISONS of GREAT BRITAIN.
The tenth report of the inspectors of prisons has
just made its appearance, and has excited a considerable
sensation among the City authorities. The inspectors
advert to the general improvement which has taken
place in prison discipline and management, and in the
separate system of prison discipline. In the Home
district, the rew Reading County Gaol and House of
Correction has been in operation for more than eigh-
teen months, and the separate system tried with great
success. Not only has the health of the prisoners im-
proved under this system, but the number of punishments
has greatly decreased. The last report gave 343
punishments for prison offences out of an annual gaol
population of 830. Under the separate system during
the same period we have only 94 prison punishments
out of a population of 352, or 16 per cent. less than here-
tofore. The intellectual and religious instruction of the
convict has progress( d in an equal ratio Considerable
alterations and improvements have been made in the Hert-
ford County Gaol and House of Correction, with a view
to its adaptation to the separate system. Clerkenwell
Prison has been taken down, and a new county gaol is
in course of erection on its site, upon the separate
system, for the untried and for prisoners under exami-
nation. In Buckinghamshire a new prison for 300 pri-
soners on the improved plan will be completed in August
next. The inspectors object, however, to the pro-
vision of day rooms for prisoners before trial, and
the tread-wheel for prisoners sentenced to hard
labour. They are of opinion that the silent sys-
tem cannot properly be applied to the untried, and
that compulsory labour does not necessarily induce
industrious habits. Extensive alterations are in progress
in the Essex County Gaol at Springfield, and the ob-
jectionable gaol at Chelmsford is to be abolished. In
the Kent county prisons at Canterbury and Maidstone,
many important alterations are in contemplation. The
inspectors strongly recommend the erection of a prison
in the met: opelitan districts of Kent, the expense of
conveying offenders from the neighbourhood of London
to Maidstone, amounting, at present, to 1,8001. a year.
They also suggest that ono large House of
Correction, on the new system, shall be substi-
tuted for the Brixton, Guildford, and Kingston prisons.
In the eastern division of Sussex there is a great need
of additional prison accommodation. Whilst the in-
spectors, however, express their satisfaction at the
great improvement which has taken place in prison
discipline and accommodation in the districts above
referred to, they advert in terms of strong
condemnation to the disgraceful condition of the
prisons of the city of London, Newgato, Giltspur-
street Compter, and the City Bridewell, —in
which, say they, " the master evil of gaol asso-
ciation and consequent contamination, still con-
tinues to operate directly to the encouragement of
crime. The forced companionship of a prisoner just com-
mencing his career with the associates he must of neces-
sity meet with in the City prisons, cannot fail of
proving destructive." The inspectors add, that they have
frequently protested against the prisons of the city of
London without effect. Among the prisons of the home
district which fall within the same category are those
for the county of Bedford, the effects of confine
ment iu which are of a most demoralising cha-
racter. The act for the amendment of the Law
of insolvency has greatly diminished the number
of prisoners in 'the following gaols, viz., the Debtors'
Prison for London and Middlesex ; the gaol for the
county of Kent, at Maidstone ; and the gaol for the
county of Surrey, in Horsemonger- lane ; the decrease
having amounted in the last mentioned prisms, to 807
per cent. Having enumerated tha causes of juvenile
delinquency, the inspectors express their opinion
that ordinary schools are inapplicable to the refor-
mation of such offenders. A vast improvement in
the treatment of juvenile convicts is, however, ad-
mitted to have taken place within these last few
years. The establishment of the Parkhurst prison, at
the instigation of the inspectore, now eight years in ope-
ration, has been attended with the most beneficial re-
sults. The prison was originally provided for 320 boys,
but has been enlarged so as to accommodate at the pre-
sent moment 720 boys. The arrangement at the Mill-
bank Penitentiary for the probationary confinement of
200 youths, from 16 to 20 years of age, has also greatly
augmented the means of ameliorating the condition of
juvenile convicts. Further establishments for the ef-
fectuation of the same desirable object are strenuously
recommended. The report contains some just and use-
ful practical suggestions in regard to the treatment of
juvenile offenders. That treatment, however humane,
must be of a penal character; for if they are comfortably
fed and clothed, and subjected to little corrective dis-
c cipline, the strongest inducements will be offered to
; indigent parents to abandon their children, or instigate
them to qualify themselves by crime for admission into
such establishments. The report recommends that
a prison for juvenile delinquents should be erected
in London. Three thousand were confined last year in
the metropolitan prisons ; and it cannot be doubted that
no young person can fail to be depraved by the contami-
nating association which such a system involves. It also
suggests that convicts of this class should, on their release
from gaol, be placed in the way of obtaining an honest
livelihood, and not be left in the state of destitution
which at present attends their discharge. The subject of
emigrat'on for criminal boys is next discussed, and the
necessity for the formation of district prisons for them
insisted upon. Unless a liberal outlay be incurred in pro-
viding reformatories for offenders of this class, their
numbers cannot fail to increase to a frightful extent. It
is added that for such purposes many buildings
already in existence might be adapted at a much
smaller cost than the construction of new
prisons would of necessity involve. The docu-
ments by which the report is illustrated extend to
674 folios, and are chiefly statistical. The account
which is given of the metropolitan prigons, and those
of the City more especially, is little creditable to the
wealth and intelligence of the City of London. But we
are unable to find space for any portion of it to-day.
Suffice it, for the present, to remark that it fully war•
rants the indignant protest of the inspectors.

, ...,
Nature gives certain animals sharper instincts than
others, and wherever very special circumstances require
these extraordinary instincts, they are really wanting.
The pigeon is one of the swiftest and most enduring of
winged animals, at least among the graminevora, and pro-
bably no living thing, bulk for bulk, expends so much
force throughout the day. His flight, whether for food
or play, is always at the top of his " bent." There is no
dallying in the case of the pigeon ; he flies always as if
fora wager. Now, every one knows the great predilection
pigeons have for the leguminous or azotised crops, and the
long and meteor•like flights they will take fur this
their favourite food. We recollect once in our youth
sowing peas in the grey ofa March morning, and before
air, and, on turning
the first sheet was
emptiedrouround,
heard a whistling in the
pigeons doubling up theirn W.observed a flock of blue
g_sadfor their breakfast at
watenmhystesrtarti:d. How they
the end of the ridge where we
l• got notice of the sowing
certain, there was not a pigeon I
that could have supplied such a sample; neithweerntlonres
pigeon-cote Zithiunt
tone thing is
collcct even havi kg seen pigeons traversing that districtre
of country, except at the time of sowing the peas, or
on the pea stubbles in autumn. At such a time let the
1 farmer go as early as he likes to his bean or pea-field,
the pigeons will be there before him.
The use and cultivation of the bean is said to have
originated in Egypt. The higher classes of the Egyp-
tians had a prejudice against the plant, which affords a
pretty strong presumptive proof that they would give it
to their servants and slaves ; and when we think of the
canals, the aqueducts, the sepulchres, and those most im-
mortal of mortal things, the part' mils of ancient Egypt,
it certainly does give one an extraordinary idea of the
herculean influence of the bean.
But it is not altogether from its nutritive qualities and
the singular adaptation of its constituent principles for
coalescing with those of the potato, so as to make one
beauteous and harmonious whole, that I Would so

A*ERICAN ATLANTIC MAIL STEAMERS.--We learn
that the American Government have accepted a contract
for the conveyance of American mails over the, Atlantic.
Six large and powerful steamers, it is stated, are•to be pro-
vided, and the ports of departure are to be Liverpool and New
York..—Liverpool Albion.
THE ALLEGED FORGERY OF AN ANTI-CORN-LAW
PICTITION.—We are informed the Committee granted on the
motion of Mr. Craven Berkeley met on Friday and inves-
tigated the cases of alleged forgery of signatures to this pe-
tition ; Mr. Septimus Pruen, Mr. J. Boodle, Mr. Hennesy,
Mr. Vines, Mr. Bishop, and ethers were examined, and the
result of their evidence leaves no doubt that: the ex-
planation by Mr. Bright is the true one, viz., that the whole
of the signatures were bona fide signed in Chelte• sham, but
that being sent to Manchester in an informal st ate, one of
the clerks in the League-office, drew out a pro per written
heading, copying at the foot the five first nam es, so as to
make it presentable to the House.— Cheltenham E ra miner.

The Earl of Cawdor, as conductor for the evening,
entertained the directors of the Ancient Concerts on Wed-
nesday night at dinner, at his mansion in Soutli Audley-
street. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of G loucester
honoured the Noble Earl with her presence on the • occasion.
Tile other guests were his Royal Highness the Duke of Cam-
bridge, his Grace the Duke of Wellington, the DI achess of
Buccleueb, the Earl and Countess of Roseberry,.S it Henry
Bishop, Mr. Sloane Stanley and Miss Stanley, and the
Honourable Octavius and Lady Caroline Dunco-abe. The
family circle comprised the Earl and Countess C awdor, and
Lady Mary Campbell and Viscount Emlyn. 'The party
broke up early, to attend the performance at the• .Hanover-
square Rooms.
GLASGOW PIG-IRON TRADE, MARCH 10.— Consider-
able transactions have taken place this week, but at re, 'need rates.
Irregularities have take' place among some of the des lers, which
has created a want of confidence, and thrown a glow a over the
market. 70s. in store for the usual proportions of rum ,bens cannot
be obtained, the general Impression bein that it will rev aleto GOs.—
GIRVOW NcNivnai.

E SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY MORNING MARCH 13, 1846.

THE LAW OF ENTAIL IN CAPTAiN JOHNSTON, OF THE
SCOTLAND. SHIP TORY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE " EDINBURGH ADVERTISER." (Abridged from the John 0' Groat Journal.)
The question of the justice and propriety of the Captain George Johnston is the son of a worthy man
present law of entail in this country, is ose which is at named William Johnston, who lived in the parish of
the present time occupying a very considerable share of I Dunne, county of Caithness, and was for many years,
attention among those more immediately interested in and until his death, an elder in the church of Dunne. He
the satisfactory adjustment of the question at issue. A was first married to Margaret Swanson, the mother of
meeting of landed proprietors, and others, is to be held I Captain Johnston, a respectable woman. She died soon
on Thursday inahelflopetoun Rooms, "for the purpose of after the birth of George. There were three brothers
considering the great national evils connected with the an. four sisters of the family. The father again married
law as it now stands, and the propriety of an immediate the widow of a George Smith, at one time mate of a
application to the Legislature thereupon." For the per Thurso vessel. This woman, who is also mentioned as a
poses of bringing the subject more fully before our decent, respectable individual, had a family of her owe.
readers, we give the followings extracts from a docu- As the subject of this sketch grew up, he became quite
ment with which, we have been favoured, entitled, " Me- unmanageable, offering every insult to her whom he
molt on Entails," and which ably discusses the subject in ought to have obeyed and respected. He was eonses
all its bearings. quently put out to herd what is termed " The Town's
" All lands, entailed and unentailed, require a capital Cattle." The custom,is, that the herd takes his food and
for management, contingencies, and improvement. En- bed in each house daily, in rotation. In this way lie
tails hurtfully withdraw this capital, and prevent even a had a new master every day, and it any of them crossed
credit on the lands for the most important benefits to him he had his revenge in same way or other. On his
the heir in possession, as well as to the public. The half yearly term of herding being over, he was again
attempts to remedy this by Acts of Parliament have taken home and put to the parish school, where
only been sufficient to show the admitted evil, not to he continued for a short period. When there
cure it. Entails are a constant tutory, never advanc- he was still the terror of his companions.
ing the possessor of the estate above the character of He was taken from school and again put to herding
an heir, and keeping him in perpstual restraint ; where- Having occasion to meet many neighbouring herds he
by it is necessary, for his, interest, to strain eve ry used to beat them soundly, and te any anecdotes are
means in his pavver to the utmost, and to do the least told of him, alt proving his fighting propensities.
possible good to others. No person can dell with pre- Johnston was for a while post-boy between Thurso and
feet safety with an entailed proprietor ; because he can- Mey, and in this capacity he manifes'ed the same hie-
not knew how he is restrained, what security he can p-tuous temp. r, and great darif g. From this employ-
give for sums advanced, or engagements made. As ment he beto.,k himself to sea, and served his apprentice-
little encuusaesement ac possible is given for improve- ship on board the " George Sinclair," of Wick. Having
ments, and aids admitted or given, are often 105 t in the disputed vvitli the other appr, ntices, he administered to
constant recurring conflict of necessities of heirs and each asevere drubbing, and forthwith left the vessel, with-
executors en the death of each heir of entail. met completing lis term of servitude. Johnston acted as
"As to the heir of entail himself, he is called to the fisherman one season at Wick—he again went on board
succession burdened with every debt and obligation that ship. It is reported of him that when sailing out of
can be charged against him, and with many debts which London, he had seen published, a challenge and beta on
he has contracted, or been forced to contract, before his a celebrated prizsfighter, whom he took up, and won the
succession—not knowing, certainly, what right he has fight, by which he is said to have pocketed a little
to the estates—and loaded with provisions to wives and money. For a short period he resided in Edinburgh
children of his predecessor, which often exclude all with a sister, who was married there, and at this time
power to benefit his own family. Ho is likewise made he put himself to school and studied navigation, &c. He
to feel his nearest blood as a spy and complainer ; and afterwards went to Liverpool, and sailed out of that port
his son, freed from the salutary restraint of any risk for a time as mate, and subsequently as captsin. Capt.
from displeasing his parent by recklessness and folly, Johnston rnarried, in Orkney, a cousin of his own,
often becomes disregardful of his own interest and the in- named Mary Johnston, whose father belonged to Dun-
terests of his family, and looks to the other members of net. It, is said of him that, when in good d humour, he
it as little more than incumbrancea on him, which touch was hind to the men under him, and hospitable to his
diminishes the natural affection duo to them, aid makes countrymen who viAted Liverpool. He was fond of show
them far more dependent than they ought to be. The and pomp 'us appearance. When at Hong-Kong, it is
parent may feel all this, and see his younger children reported of him that he employed some of the natives
destitute of the position which they should be maintained there to carry him shoulder high, in all the pomp of an
in, but with no power to prevent it ; and further, see that eastern monarch. Johnston is in his nth year, but he
an increase of the same evils will be transmitted by looks older. He has had several children, but only
each succeeding heir, destroying every feeling of com- one daughter is alive. His father died ten or twelve
fort and independence, and rendering his title of en- years ago, but his step-mother is still alive and resides
tail as if it had been made only to delude himself, and in Dunnet. He has a brother living in Cestletown.
his heirs, and all around him ; reducing the considers. His wife has been residing in London since his arrival
Lion and the usefulness of the family in every way, and from China. He is rather under the middle size, so fur
in many instances forcing the family to leave the coup- as height is concerned, but is stoutly built, and large
try, and take all their income from it to support them boned. Sinclair, the carpenter on board the Tory, is
in the retirement of the Continent, completely estranged a native of Wick, and a sober trust-worthy lad. He
from their own estate and neighbourhood, and from all has been about two years with Johnston. To his
attachment to their country. The whole of Scotland is exertions, as much as to any other, are the owners in-
thus deeply poisoned, embarrassed, and injured by en. debted for the safe arrival of their ship and valuable
tails. The evil is rapidly increasing, and threatening to cargo. The greater part of their crew were shipped at
stagnate the fairest parts of the land, and to alienate the Hong-Kong, and are described by those who had an op-
respect due to the proprietors of the country. portunity of knowing something of their several histo
" These miserable effects are said to be necessary to ries as the " sweepings of all nations."
preserve the aristocracy of the land. Men who love their
country, and wish to live on their estates, and to im-
prove and benefit all around them ; men naturally dis-
tinguished for vigour end soundness of mind ; men who
naturally despise the idea of being kept from harm by
leading•strings, and who would feel the honourable re-
sponsibility of preserving their station by the generous
regard to what was due to their own high sense of duty
to their ancestors, to their families, and their country,
far beyond all the chains and shelter that could be ap-
plied by the capricious restraints and evil securities of a
deceitful entail, made under a bad law, devised for the
selfish vanity of a Dives, to perpetuate slavery in his fa-
mily, by cf unteracting the laws of Providence, which
attach the wise penalty of loss of consideration to reck-
lessness and disorder, and do not protect the bad by
continually paralysing the good, a course which, in time,
would reduce the landed proprietors of Scotland to the
state of the most expatriated paupers, instead of being
a blessing to their country, and encouragers of vigour
and improvement, and comfort to all around them.
These are no vain and theoretical forebodings. The
country is already labouring under the influence of them
to an excessive degree ; and it is not too much to as-
sert that more than one-half of the entailed proprietors
in Scotland have not half their income to live upon, and
their families are more burdened and kept down than
any other class in the country.
" One great source of the revenue of the country is
the stamp-duty on the conveyance of property; but the
entailed estates are freed from this; and they do not
pay a single farthing of legacy duty, which alone if
charged to each heir on his succession to an entailed
estate, in the same way as it is drawn from the children
of bis poor tenant, and from the children of the poorest
merchant of the country, at the very time when they
have lost the income obtained by the labour of their pa-
rent, would afford above 1,000,0001. sterling every year
to Government. Should it still be thought that an in-
come must be preserved through a succession of profuse
heirs, for the chance that they might become the
honoured parents of good heirs, the best entail
would be an Act of Parliament that all lands should
be' excluded from diligence. This would do equal
justice to all parties, and only the sooner show the
excessive evil of the stagnation of any kind of pro.
perty. Or if it be necessary to secure a large income
from capital, free from all change, in favour of any
class, it might be safely done by requiring the parties
to purchase the Government funds, to the extent re-
quired, and never to allow more to be so tied up than
what the State required. This would make the funds
valuable, and give these parties the greatest interest in
the prosperity of the country.
" It would require no management, and never pre-
vent the improvement of the country ; and all taxes
would as easily be taken from that capital as from any
other, and without any serious damage to those who
held such special entails. The aristocracy holding this
fixed income, and left free to purchase, and to keep
and leave to their heirs as large estates as they could
acquire and improve, would hold them as free men
—a far more commanding and respectable character
than a half-ruined heir of entail. The tenantry and
the country would deal safely with them, and respect
them as men freely maintaining the high station which
the good conduct of their noble ancestors raised them
to, and preserved them is, and the country would feel
that integrity was fixed as the basis of right dignity
and title to every property in the kingdom.

NEW MODE OF PROPELLING

STEAMERS.

A great improvement in the mode of propelling of
steam-vessels has recently been introduced to the notice
of the scientific, and others engaged in steam navigation,
by Mr. Peter B. McQuie, a merchant at Liverpool.
The arrangements of their improvements are simply
these:—Underneath the steam engine and within the
vessel, a fist circular iron case is fixed horizontally below
the water line, into which the sea water flows uninter-
ruptedly through a hole at the centre of the
under side, by means of a conduit or pipe extend-
ing towards the bow; ani is, in fact, the
bottom of the vessel perforated with apertures to
admit the water freely. The upper surface forms the
floor of the fore-hold, raised a little higher than the
keelson. From the periphery of the iron case a pipe
conveys the water to each side of the vessel, where a
nozzle or beset pipe discharges the water outside of the
vessel above the water line. Inside the iron case a fan
wheel is suspended by a vertical shaft passing through
it, on which cranks are formed ; on these the piston
rods of the cylinders act direct with their connect
ing rods. By this arrangement the whole
power of the steam-engine is employed to re-
volve the fan wheel, which carrying round the
water in the iron case, it presses by centrifugal force
towards the periphery, from whence it is discharged by
the nozzles. When the steam engine is put in motion
the discharge of water from each of these nozzles is si-
multaneous, and the seamen on deck have the entirecon-
trol of the vessel without interfering with the steam-
engine, which never requires to be stopped or reversed
under any distress or sudden emergency ; in place of
which the vessel is stopped or impelled backwards by
pointing the nozzles downward, or to wards the bow, which
can be done in a few seconds by means of a chain and wheel
(similar to a rudder wheel) on deck acting directly over
the nozzles. When these nozzles are pointed in opposite
directions, that is, to the bow and stern, the vessel turns
round as on a pivot, and is rendered in this way inde-
pendent of her helm. Besides these advantages there
are many others equally important ; in the first place a
greater speed is attained with the same power than by
the paddle-wheel or screw. Sail may be carried to any
extent combined with or wasting the steam power, at,
the hull is free from all outward obstructions to impede
her sailing properties, and no action of wind or sea
produces any reaction on the engine ; therefore, no
vibratory motion is communicated to the vessel, and the
power of propulsion is very slightly diminished by the
immersion of one or both nozzles in the water.—. Ne-
wcastle Guardian.

INDIAN CORN.
(From the Sussex Advertiser.)
The importation of Indian corn, which is going on
both in England and Ireland, will prove of little service
in alleviating the wants of the poor, unless they be in-
formed of the best method of preparing it for food.
This information it is now in our power to atTord ; the
following receipts having been kindly forwarded to us
from North America.

Indian corn, when ground, makes excellent gruel,
prepared in the same way as oatmeal gruel; and what
is called wish, is the same thing as Lancashire oatmeal
porridge; bat it is necessary in making this, that it be
very well boiled. In summer it is eaten cold, and is
very flinch liked. Treacle may be eaten with this.
Indian meal is considered a great improvement either to
white or brown bread; about one-third of Indian meal
should be mixed with wheaten flour; this is especially
advantageous in case of the flour being damaged by wet.
Indian hi ea.d is excellent, and is made thus :--To a
quart of steer milk or butter milk, as much corn meal
should be added as will make it into a thick batter; a little
salt, and a teaspoonful of carbonate of soda dissolved in
water, acts upon the acid of the buttermilk, and the ef-
fervescence causes the bread to be light ; a spoonful of
coarse sugar is an improvement, as is also a little butter
or melted lard. This must be baked in well-greased
tins, sufficiently large to allow the cakes to be
about an inch thick ; they must be baked in a
quick over. They are best eaten hot, but are very good
cold. Treacle is excellent with these. When sour milk
cannot be procured, fresh milk may be substituted,
adding a table-spoonful of vinegar ; but the carbonate
of soda must not be stirred in until just before putting
into the oven. Another way of making this bread is to
pour boiling sweet milk over the meal, and when cool,
add three eggs and a little salt.
What is called Indian Slap-Jack would be very avail-
able in those parts of Great Britain where girdle cakes
and bread of that description is used. They are very
excellent, and are thus made:—Scald a quart of Indian
meal; when lukewarm add a few spoonfuls of wheaten
flour, half a tea-cup full of yeast, and a little salt, and
when sufficiently risen, bake them on a well-greased
bake-stone. They are best eaten hot. Another way,
and the most approved here, is to mix about half the
meal into boiling milk and water; when cool, stir in the
remainder of the meal, so as to make a thick batter,
mixing in two or three spoonfuls of flour, three eggs, and
two teaspoonfuls of salt.
To make Johnny Cakes:—Scald a quart of Indian
meal with a sufficient quantity of water to make it into
a thick batter; stir in two or three spoonfuls of salt ;
mould it in the hand into small cakes, rubbing a good
deal of flour in the hand, to prevent them sticking.
These cakes are fried in lard ; when browned on one
side, turn the other. They take about twenty minutes
in baking. Eat them hot with treacle.
To mae hoe Cakes:—Scald a quart of Indian meal\
with a pint of water, enough to make a thick batter;
stir in two tea-spoonfuls of salt, and a small quantity of
butter melted ; put it into a well-greased tin, and bake
it half an hour.

FIRST SIGHT OF A HORSE.—The sensation produced
by the presence of the strangers had not in the least subsided
at the period of our arrival at the islands. The natives still
flocked in numbers about the encampment, and watched
with the liveliest curiosity every thing that was going for-
ward. A blacksmith's forge, which had been set up in the
shelter of a grove near the beach, attracted so great a crowd
that it required the utmost efforts of the sentries posted
around, to keep the inquisitive multitude at a sufficient dis-
mshvaarlepar of
aaisdombir;t theio n
Aa as
haiii e,o horse,
ue
which
dis-
tance to allow the workmen to ply their vocation. But
notbinghagdabieneend
brought
oulgahrgt
efroa
of the vessels of the squadron.
The animal, a remarkably
fine one, had been taken ashore, and stabled in a hut of
cocoa-nut boughs within the fortified enclosure. Occasion-
ally it was brought out, and, being gaily caparisoned, was
ridden by one of the officers at full speed over toe hard
sand beach. This performance was sure to be hailed
with loud plaudits, and the "parakee nuee" (big hog)
was unanimously pronounced by the islanders to be the
most extraordinary specinen of zoology that had ever come
under their observation.—Fnur Months' Residence in the Mar-
quesas Islands.
NEW CLUB, No. 12, GEORGE-STREET, HANOVER-
sQuARE.—A new club is in course of formation at the man-
sion now occupied as the British and Foreign Hotel, to be
conducted on the same principles and management as the
large clubs of London. The number of members to be
limited, and the admission to be by ballot. The list of mem-
bers already enrolled may be seen, and further particulars
known, by personal application at the address given above,
between the hours of twtive and four.
MANURE COMPANY.—It is intended to form a com-
pany in Newcastle, for the purpose of turning the contents of
the common sewers to profitable account. It is proposed to
intercept and convey them underground, without the slightest
nuisance to the public, to a considerable distance from the
town, where reservoirs will be formed, and buildings erected,
and there subject them to a chemical process, by which tip
objections on the score of offensiveness will be destroyed, and
the substance, as a manure, improved in its fertilising proper.
ties. It is proposed then to dry it by artificial means, and
thus render it fit and convenient for carriage. Upon a mo-
derate calculation, not fewer than 10,000 tons of valuable
manure are wasted, which, at 31 per ton, amount to an
annual lofts of 30,0001.—Newcastle Journal.
SUICIDE OF AN Ex • COURIER OF THE DUKE OF CAM-
axmoz.—Yesterday, Mr. WakleTi m.p., held an inquest at the
Marquis of Granby Tavern, Great Marylebone-street, on view of
the body of Thomas Webb, aged 50 years, who committed suicide.
The deceased lived at No. 3, Little Marylebone-s treet, and was formerly
a courier in the family of the Duke of Cambridge, from whom he re-
ceived a pension fur his services. Subsequently he became butler to
Colonel Thoyts, but had left about a twelvemonth since. Mr.
Reading, the parish beadle, doi)osed that, from information he
received on Sunday evening, between six and seven o'clock, he pro-
ceeded to deceased's room (an attic), and found him suspended to the
bed-post by a cord tied tightly round his neck. Witness, with the as-
sistance of the landlord, immediately cut him down, but the body was
quite cold, and life must have been extinct for seveial hours. John
Cuerton (deceased's landlord) deposed to having last seen
him alive on the previous day ; ho was a married man, and
his wife lived at service ; he had lodged in witness's house ever
since he left Colonel Thoyts. Deceased was never heard to utter
any expressions that might lead one to conjee:ure that he contem-
ployed suicide, and he enjoyed tolerable health up to the period of his
destruction. The Coroner summed up at considerable length. re-
marking on the fiequency of suicides amongst butlers; and as the
testimony was not altogether satisfactory as to state of deceased's
mind, he recommended them to return an open verdict. After a
short consultation, the jury unanimously recorded the following ver-
dict, " That deceased was found dead, having hanged himself in a
state of mind unknown to the jury."
PRICE OF POTATOES AT PORTSMOUTH QUAY.-
Alderney, 41. per ton ; 4s. 6d. per cwt. We perceive the price of
this necessary article of food is still kept up ; but we would caution
those who have stocks in hand not to keep them too long, or they may
lose them altogether. We remember, some years ago, that potatoes
rose to an enormous price, and many persons kept them hack from
market, in the hope of getting a still higher price—a mild winter
succeeded, which caused them to germinate very early, and the
consequence was, they became so soft, and were so matted together,
as to require prongs to remove them into carts in order to throw
them on the dungheap. The mildness of the present season might
produce similar effects. We are satisfied there is no scarcity in this
part of the country, as potatoes arc freely selling in the upper part of
the county at ss. per sack !—Portsmouth Telegraph.
DEPLORABLE AND DISTRESSING CASE.—The follow-
ing very distressing case has caused considerable excitement and
alarm in the neighbourhood of Millbank, Westminster. It appears
that a shoemaker, named James Silk, together with his wife and four
young children, have been residing for some time past in an old,
dirty, and dilapidated house in Vine-street, Westminster, in the
greatest misery and distress. A few days ago one of the children
was seized with typhus fever, the father and mother also caught it;
the poor woman, from want of nourishment and attention, got so
had that some person having heard of it had her conveyed on Mon-
day to the Westminster'Hospital, but she died a few hours after her
admission Into the institution. About three hours after her death
her husband was conveyed in a sedan chair to the hospital, wrapped
up in blankets, but the poor fellow can wily survive for a few hours.
Such a painful case of misery and distress would be hardly supposed
to eglthi country like two. .

Hominy is made from the unground Indian corn. The
husk i 3 freed from the grain in a mill, and the grain in
this state resembles the finest tapioca. Boil it till soft
in water. It is extremely good thus boiled and eaten in
milk, and with the addition of a little sugar and spice,
resembles English fermity. What is called Slut's Ho-
miny is made by steeping the grains in weak ley, which
lo )sons the husk, FO that it is easily removed, without the
necessity of the mill.
Bannocks or Indian Cakes are made thus, and are fit
for the most luxurious table :—Stir to a cream a pound
of butter and a pound and a half of brown sugar ; beat
six eggs and mix together ; and a teaspoonful of cinna-
mon and the same of ginger ; stir in three pounds and
a quarter of sifted Indian meal and a quarter of a pound
of wheaten flour. Bake in cups or small tin moulds, and
eat when cold.

THE LATE FALL OF THE BONDING WAREHOUSE AT
LivanrooL.—On Monday, the adjourned ingu,st on Peter
Laney, who was killed by the falling of Mr. Tipping's
warehouse, in Moor-street, on the 31st of January, was
brought to a conclusion. In addition to the evidence, the
professlonal testimony of several surveyors, who had ex-
amined the ruins, was given. They were all of opinion that
the accident resulted from hidden causes, the princi,.al, of
which was the rottenness of the ends of the beams in the
eastern and western walls, which could not be perceived
when the building stood, but which is now apparent.
Evidence was given that the warehouse was not overloaded
at the timo of the accident ; and the jury returned a verdict
of" Accidental (I,,ath from unforeseen causes," accompanied
with a suggestion that a surveyor should be appointed to
snpect warehouses, e3pecially old ones.
'CHATHAM SAVINGS' BANK.-At the thirtieth annual
meeting of the managers of this institution, it appeared by
th a report, that notwithstanding the reduced rate of interest
allowed to deposit,r.e, there had been deposited in the last
year nearly 22,9001., made by 3.900 separate deposits; and
that in the same period 23,000/. had 'Aga withdrawn from the
bat* in principal and interest.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
!;OUSE OF LORDS, March 12.

The House sat to day to hear Scotch appeals. The Peers
in attendance were Lord Brougham, Lord Cottenham, and
Lord Campbell.

Tilt MARQUIS OF BREADALBANE V•. SINCLAIR.
The further arguments in this part-heard appeal occupied
their Lordships the whole morning.

COURT OF CHANCERY, March 12.
The Lord Chancellor sat in the Old Hall, Lincoln's Ito,
to-day, and heard appeal motions and appeals. The part-
heard motion of " Wennall v. Featherstone," and the appal
of "Dobson v. Lyall," occupied his Lordship the whole day.

VICE- CHANCELLOR'S COURT, March 12.
(Before the VicE-CHANCELLOR of England.)
OSWALD V. OSWALD.
Mr. BETHELL applied in this case upon motion for an in-
junction to restrain the defendant from in any way interfer-
ing in the business in which he and the petitioner were part-
ners. It appeared that the petitioner and defendant, in
1840, entered into an agreement with the late Earl Grey to
work certain lime-stone quarries, the property of the late
Earl. The plaintiff advanced the necessary funds for the
purpose, and the defendant was to have the management of
the works. Latterly the plaintiff had discovered that the
defendant was making the speculation a losing instead of a
profitable concern; that a large balance was due to the
banker, who claimed it from the plaintiff; and, therefore, the
present application became necessary. No Counsel being in-
structed to oppose the application,
HONOUR ordered the injunction to issue in tke terms
asked.