The Sun.
London, England, 1846-06-01 00:00:00

RAILWAY SUN

THE

IS NOW PUBLISHING.
PRICE (TO SUBSCRIBERS) SIXPENCE.

THE WEATHER„—Stas OFFICE, Mey 30,
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 50; Highest, 70; Noon, 70,

BAROMETZIt, 30.25.—W1ND S.W.; fine.
MAY 31.

THERMOMETER, Lowest, 54; Highest. 71; Noon, 70,
BAROMETER, 30.25.—W1ND, S.W., fine.

H1)11 WATER AT LODOS-BR F.
IDG THIS DAY.
Morning •• 16 minutes after 6. E
1 verting .. 40 minutes after 6.

sure to themselves the attention of the public. In that
speech the last scintillations of rationality upon the 1
question of perpetuating the corn-laws will be recog-
nised ; and, although those scintillations be both fitful
and futile, they will continue for some considerable
period to attract the observation of posterity, as
exemplars of the real ground upon which the
Noble Lord's party maintained the advisability
of continuing the commercial imposts levied by
our ancestors. Clever, however, as the man-.
ner and arrangement of Lord STANLEY'S harangue'
unquestionably is, there is such a flimsiness about the
proposition which he therein endeavours to uphold,
such a barley-sugar instability about the fabric which
he advances as the only one suitable for the com-
merce of Great Britain, that the predominant
sentiment excited during a perusal of the harangue
is that of wonder at such sagacity of defini-
tion being linked with such obtuseness in the scheme
defined. Had the allusions been restricted to the corn
regulations of ancient Rome, the Noble Lord's oration
would, beyond a doubt, have entitled him to the medal
for rhetoric at Harrow ; but, as treating of the Mer-
cantile affairs of England, and that, moreover, in
the middle of the nineteenth century, it must
be regarded as rather derogatory to his character
as a statesman. The ingenuity of the logician was his;
but the sound and mellow wisdom of the politician
was wanting. What the speech acqaired in lingual
embellishment it lost in sagacity of perception and in
solidity of reasoning. These characteristics are applicable,
moreover, in a variable degree to the other speakers in the
Upper House in favour of restrictions upon importation.
But what we are inclined the more particularly to com-
mend in the discussion of the Peers is the sobriety of
tone, for which it was throughout remarkable. They
displayed in the very generalities of their manner
an appreciation of the momentous nature of the
proposed changes ; they expressly notified it
as no party measure, but rather as ono involving
the welfare, more or less, of every individual of the com-
munity ; and hence they have treated it with propor-
tionate respect. The superficial indications of this fact I
are numerous ; the brevity of the debate, the avoidance
of unnecessary personalities, and the subjugation of many
exciting considerations being among the number.
There is, however, one other peculiarity in the
discussion which will not fail to elicit general
remark, and it is a peculiarity which tends very consi-
derably to place the upholders and the opposers of the
question in strong contrast. It cannot have been alto-
gether overlooked that throughout the four months of
earnest discussion upon the policy of remodelling our
commercial code, the free-trade Members to a single
man, from the Premier and the representative
for Stockport downwards to the least noticeable among
their supporters, have avoided—most scrupulously
avoided—anything like an appeal to the passions of
Parliament or the people, through the medium of elo-
quence in diction or brilliancy in illustration. They
have confined themselves to the mere utterance of

facts, to the mere quotation of figures ; they
have placed the matter before their hearers in the
simplest light conceivable, stripped it of all adventitious
attractions, and looked upon it themselves in its naked
actuality. What, on the opposite side, has been the
behaviour of the protectionist speakers ? Simplicity—
brevity—quietude ? Nothing of the kind. One and
all have striven to cover the real meagreness and
poverty of their principle in a splendour of
rhetoric and an actual gaudiness of talent. Every mere-
tricious ornament of scholarship has been called in to
the enforcement and embellishment of their theory.
Lord GEORGE BENTINCIE, by an ostentation of unex-
pected ability ; Mr. DISRAELI, by the increased

liveliness of his sarcasms and a greater effer-
vescence in his fancy ; even Mr. SEYMER, by a
kind of spasmodic struggle for Parliamentary renown ;
but, above all, incomparably above all, Lord STANLEY,
by a forced display of all his most showy and seductive
powers as an orator and a debater. The difference alto-
gether between the protectionists and free-traders is most
striking, and the deduction to be drawn from it most
conclusive. The former have dealt in fictions, the
latter in facts. It has been a most disproportioned
battle, the belligerents on one side employing merely
flowers and weeds as their weapons of assault ;
those on the other giant blocks of granite. The flowers
will fade away and decay, the granite will remain,
immutable. Viewing the matter simply in this light,
the whereabouts of right and wrong are manifest ;
and the consequences of the discussion are threefold—
the nominal advocates of agricultural prosperity have
escaped a very great responsibility, the well-wishers of
the messure have performed their duty nobly, and the
wishes of the people have been so far complied with, in
the legislative approval of free trade.

The great, the vitally important question of the day,
the discussion of which consumed so much time in the
House of Commons, has had its principle affirmed and
the fiat of the hereditary branch of the Legislature re-
corded in its favour, after a debate„of three nights' con-
tinuance ; and, in justice to that august assembly, we
must say, that hacknied and threadbare as the subject
most undoubtedly had become, there was more of
novelty, more brilliant eloquence, more sterling know-
ledge, and sound reasoning exhibited, than we could have
supposed possible in the short period occupied. We may
well be proud of the House of Lords ; they have evinced
liberality and wisdom in the decision at which they have
arrived—they have testified that no selfish consideration
could induce them to reject that which the country at
large had so loudly demanded ; they yielded gracefully
to the popular voice. No doubt many of their Lordships
have reasoned with such cogency as to satisfy themselves
that the interests of manufactures and agriculture are
not so antagonistic in their nature as the monopolists
have, for party purposes, attempted to establish, but
that with the prosperity of the former the latter
will also thrive and fructify ; but many must
have been misled by the specious arguments used on the
protectionist side, and fancied that, as landowners, the)
would be heavy pecuniary sufferers by the adoption of
these measures, and yet they had sufficient patriotism
and honesty to disregard such a consideration, and re-
gister their votes on the side of their country, of truth,
and of justice. Their Lordships also knew that the
question was one properly appertaining to the other
House. The people can only be taxed by the
voice of their representatives is one of the soundest
maxims of constitutional law. And where a ques-
tion involving the taxation of millions of
every single inhabitant of the British nation,
which falls with as great severity on the poorest artizan
or labourer as the wealthiest man in the kingdom—comes
to their Lordships sanctioned by a vast majority of tae
representatives of the people, they world have shown
themselves strangely forgetful of their proper position
had they sought to maintain that of which the people
had temperately but firmly demanded the abolition.
It would be invidious to select any single speech as
deserving peculiar praise where all on the Ministerial
side were brilliant and effective, and reflected in.
creased lustre on the distinguished Noblemen by
whom they were delivered. We cannot, how-
ever, pass by that of the Earl of CLARENDON,
without tendering to his Lordship the tribute of our
warmest admiration, of our profound respect. His Lord-
ship took just credit to himself for the undeviating con-
sistency with which he had ever warned their Lordships
rte Ministry
otc wthll e ed o t
h e t at he had conscientiously believed to be the evils
ocin st m, b u a
from t
the the
unjust same
andti time
uznewaloorutshl;
defend
imputations with which they had been assailed ; and in
a manner, honourable alike to himself and to those who
had formerly been his political rivals, removed thesi grn t
sought to be affixed to their public characters. flisLordship a
said, " Whatever had influenced the Government in pro•
posing it, he rejoiced in the introduction of the measure,
and almost as much in the wisdom and justice of the
avowals and arguments by which those who had been
hitherto opposed to such a measure had supported it in
the long ordeal it had undergone elsewhere." He then
ably proved that this was not a party measure, that it was
one with respect to which opinion had undergone more
modifications than any other within the last thirty years.
Could the protectionist party say that they would
take on themselves the responsibilities of office,
and maintain the present law, or were the
prepared to y
make any change • Would they not now
gladly accept the duty of Bs., which they had scornfully
likely to lead to revolution
rejected five years ago as h d been raised against
and ruin ? All the opposition a
the Minister more than against the measure. And the in-
vectives poured upon Sir R. PEEL proved that lie was
of party, and
influenced by higher views than those of
his
that if he forfeited the good-will and supportfriends, he did it for that which was of higher
import-
ance to his country's good. This was, indeed, the
truth, and well worthy of the cheers which its enuncia-
tion elicited from their Lordships. We have repeatedly
borne our testimony to the strength of the conviction, the
sincerity and purity of the motives, wbich must have
actuated the Prime Minister when adopting a course by
which he separated and disunited a great party, of which
he was the acknowledged leader; by which he dissolved
ties which had grown up during a series of years, and ex-
posed himself to reproaches and imputations which would
be intolerable to any but a man of the highest mental
capacity, aided and supported by a conscience at peace
with itself, and thoroughly convinced of the vast bene-
fit he was about to confer upon his country by the ex-
trhordiary sacrifice 9; which he had rewind and it

must be highly gratifying to that able and honest Mi-
nister to find such true appreciation of his conduct so
the worthy representative of a
gtirmacee- honoured avowed by
ouredname, who permitted no feelings
of former hostility or differences to withhold
the honest acknowledgment of his sense of the
honour and integrity of the course pursued. His Lord-
ship clearly showed the absolute necessity of some course
being adopted to stay the progress of starvation, and its
attendant evils of disease and turbulence, in Ireland;
and the admission of one of the leading protectionists
—of the man who bad been selected as one of the leaders
of the party in the other House—that the mere appre-
hension of such a scarcity would have justi-
fied the opening of the Irish ports. And
if they had been opened what must have
been the effect while the trade was free be-
tween the two countries ; and what guarantee
could have been given to have restored or maintained
the law against the force of public opinion after such an
opening? He then showed the fallacy of the statement
that the party were taken by surprise, by showing the
tendency and direction of the measures introduced
by the Right Hon. Baronet for the last four years, and
that during that period he had spoken a language which
could not be mistaken by any save those wiling
to deceive themselves, a language perfectly intelligible
to all. There was no instance in which protection had
been withdrawn which had produced a disadvantage to
the producer or consumer. The watchword of the party
had been changed from protection to agriculture
to protection to native industry, but that protec-
tion was repudiated by those on whose behalf it
was demanded. The labourers could not be benefited,
for their condition unfortunately could not be worse under
any system than it was at the present moment. It was
impossible, then, the labourer could sink lower in the
social scale ; and he therefore could have no interest in
protection. The tenants who, without skill, money, or edu-
cation, took a quantity of land, might want protection to
save them from their own incapacity. That argument
was to make progress wait upon ignorance, and was as
valid for the spade against the plough as the distaff against
the spinning jenny ; but with the good farmer, the man of
skill and intelligence, it would only promote a healthy
stimulus. His Lordship clearly showed that we should
meet hostile tariffs with free trade—that all negotiation
with foreign rowers on the subject must fail. Whenever
there was a treaty, one side or the other would think

they were over-reached, and seek to dissolve the arrange-
ment. Let England do what was wise and pru-
dent, and other countries would speedily follow
the example. He pointed out the vast increase in
our exports to Germany and France, illustrating
and confirming his arguments, and the futility of pro-
hibitions to keep out articles required by the people,
the only effect of which was a vast increase in smug-
gling. Restrictions upon trade were rapidly crumbling
away, and would soon be forgotten amongst other anti-
quated systems. To promote free trade was to carry
into effect the law of GOD. Freedom of commercial in—
tercourse was a policy which gave and received the best
guarantees for the preservation of that inestimable
blessing, peace. We heartily commend his Lordship's
admirable speech to the attentive perusal of persons of
every class in society, and we are thoroughly convinced
that there is no one, who will calmly weigh and con-
sider the principles stated therein, who will not be
benefited thereby, and become better acquainted with
the great question in all its bearings.

Intelligence from Cracow has been received at Berlin,
which states that a tribunal, composed of Russian,
Prussian, and Austrian jurisconsults, had been formed
for the trial of the prisoners implicated in the late in-
surrection. They are to be tried according to the
Austrian criminal code. The incorporation of Cracow
with Austria is by many considered as a probable event.

A letter from Lisbon, dated May Bth, says that the
CABRAL Ministry is at an end in Portugal. The Minis-
ters on the 17th tendered their resignation to the
QUEEN, which was accepted. Her MAJESTY has charged
Count VILLA REAL, whose son is chief of the revo-
lutionary junta of Tras-os-Montez, with the formation of
a new Cabinet. It was, however, the general opinion
that the efforts of Count VILLA REAL would prove un-
successful, in which case the Duke of PALMELLA
would probably be called on by the QUEEN to form a
Ministry. JosE CABRAL had returned to Lisbon from
Oporto, where several conflicts had taken place between
the troops and the people, which ended in the greater
part of the army fraternizing with the revolutionists.

Madrid papers of the 23d have arrived. It was ru-
moured that a Spanish army was to advance to the
frontiers of Portugal.

MADRID BoLsA, MAY 23.—The Three per Cents.
were done on the Madrid Bourse, on the 23d, at 331
for cash.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.
They all comment on the speech of M. TRIERS in the
Chamber of Deputies on the preceding day, which may
be considered as the manifesto of the Opposition for the
approaching elections. The speech, which professed to
give a history of France from 1830 up to the present
moment, was in the latter portion of it a voluble and
showy attack on the policy of the French Ministry.
The following are the observations of the Journal des
Dibcas on the inconsistencies exhibited by M.THrEas

"M. Thiers is so ranch a stranger to principles, that he
did not even appear to suspect that the policy which he at-
tacks at present is precisely that which he defended in the
first and most glorious years of his ministerial life! For
him the whole history of these 15 years is divided into two
phases. All was well in the first—M. Thiers was then
Minister; the Opposition was wrong; it attacked M. Thiers.
All is bad in the second; M. Thiers is no longer Minister;
the Opposition is right ; it attacks M. Guizot."

The republican National thus comments on the speech
of M. THLERS:—" There is nothing changed in the
policy, which is the same to-day as when M. TRIERS
directed it. This general review of the acts of the
system, therefore, the more it overwhelms M. GIIIZOT,
the more it accuses M. TRIERS. As regards his criti-
cisms on Marshal (the President of the Council),
we do not think it very generous of him to wage war
against a veteran retained in the country on account of
his health."

On Thursday, M. GrazoT, in a long and eloquent
speech, defended the policy of the Government, and had
not concluded when the post left.
The journals publish at length the report of M. FRANK
CARRE in the case Of LECO3ITE.
IBRAHIM PAcRA is to leave Paris on the sth of June
for London.

The National says that the Cabinet (I( oiled on Tues-
day that the elections should take place on the Ist of
August.

The Tahtreenp9efr. CGocen.t;s. colorlseeadnsatßBa4iffrosadc. ;shtahrees,Fliv,26,3spfer;
C tse. ,
Rouen, 1,012 f. 50c. ; Havre, 750 f. ; Great Northern, 736 f. 25c. •
Avignon, 870 f. ; Vierzon, 622 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 608 f. 75c. ;
Boulogne, 487 f. 50c. ; Basle, 213 f. 75c.; Fampoux, 419 f.;
Paris and Strasburgh, 503 f. 75c. ; Tours and Nantes. 519 f. ;
Paris and Lyons, 540 f. ; Spanish Three per Cents., 38%.
The following are the quotations in the new lines :
Lyons and Avignon, Definitives, 515 f.
LYONS, MAY 26.—Marseilles and Avignon, 898 E 75c. ;
Paris and Orleans, 1,235 E ; Rouen, 1,022 E 50c.; Lyons,
536 f. 25c.; Vierzon, 632 f. 50c. ; Great Northern, 745 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, MAT 29.

Boulogne and Amiens, 11%—Dutch Rhenish, 7%—Louvain and
Jemappe, I %—Luxembourg, 1"1/8 —Namur and Liege, 3j, —Orleans
and Vierzen, 14'4—Paris and Lyons Constituted, 6—Sambre and
Meuse, s—Tours and Nantes Constituted, SN.

On Saturday, important intelligence was received
from the Cape of Good Hope. The latest date we have
seen is April, brought by the ship Gloriana. War had.
been declared by Governor Maitland against Sandilli,
Tola Botman, and the Gaika tribes generally, or such
as were in strict alliance with them, and the Governor
himself had proceeded to the frontier to take the com-
mand of the troops in person. The citizens of Graham's-
town and other places had been enrolled and armed,
and nothing short of the signal punishment of the Kafirs
was expected, so excited were the colonists by their
constant and increasing depredations. Governor
Maitland had published a lengthy manifesto, setting
forth the immediate cause of the war, and the general
necessity for it. As regards the former, it was the
rescue from a small British escort of two or three Kafir
prisoners, by an armed body of twenty or thirty of their
countrymen, some lives being lost on both sides. The
outrage was committed between Beaufort and Graham's
Town, and is said to have been actually planned by
Tola and Botman on the market place of Beaufort. The
next ad vices from the colony will be most anxiously
looked for here.

Sir Robert Peel, left town on Saturday to joinTh Lady
lPeelion . andßaronet family,
returns
Drayton Manor, Staffordshire
itso the metropolis on Wednesday
Viscount and IV.
redountess Palmerston left Carltoninext.
ay for Broadlands, the Noble •
House-terrace on Sat;
Via-
count's seat near Romsey, Hants.
Rome announce the death in that
The Right
theßelVgitasia-
The last letters fronaßo
city of the Baron VandenmSteen de Jehak,
RthirNeek dlr.— Saturday, and
EpreviousNT
Minister Plenipotentiary. -
On
Gate-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields, has been
the neighbourhood of
excitement, in consequence of te violenteen the scene of great
durEinjgEctfile!
exertions made to
eject the tenants of a house in Gate.street
'f he parties in possession have lived there'near
forthe chapel.
se
and, it is said, rent free. A short time since, however,
years,
claim was set up by other parties, and the matter went a
be-
fore the magistrates, but no settlement was come to. It is
understood the house was represented to be dangerous. An
attempt has been made to compel the occupiers to give up
possession, by taking off the o pulli out the windows, and
the flooring ; androfinsteadng of removing the rub-
breaking up
bish it is left in the interior in a heap, with scarcely any..
thing but the bare walls standing. The tenant and his
family have taken possession of the only place of shelter left,
which is the passage, and declare they will stay, though the
Place tarablg about their ears.

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