The Sun.
London, England, 1841-10-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LQN.

piication had been made to him to give an insertion to
any document; had it been so he should have done as he
had done several years ago, when he conducted the
trades' newspaper. He had conducted the Morning Ad-
vertiser for 13 years, to which he did not then belong,
and he had always evinced the greatest sympathy for the
workmen, for he had been a workmen himself. His
paper had never been applied to to give insertion to the
documents. He had come there at considerable expense
to his health, and had brought a gentleman to report their
proceedings; and if the Secretary . would - only. furnish
him with any document, their case should be fully given
to the public on Monday morning.—(Hear, hear.)
A WORKMAN asked Mr. Anderson if he would con-
tradict the statement which had appeared in the Weekly
Dispatch relative to the ss. fine for chasing. •
Mr. ANDERSON said he would do so if the Chairman
would contradict it before him.

Mr. RAY said that was not the immediate question
before them, they must consider the object of the meet-
ing first. He had worked with Allen when he was a
workman at Messrs. Cubitt's fo: nine years, and during
that time he was a leading member of the trades' union,
and threw up his situation on a similar occasion to the
present ; but he had now got the robes of office on, and
he had changed into la tyrant. He begged to propose
the following resolution :
" That this meeting fully justifies the proceedings of
the masons who lately struck at the New Houses of Par-
liament, against the overbearing and tyrannical conduct
of George Allen, and pledges itself to use its every ex-
ertion to procure them every necessary support."
After a rather desultory conversation, the resolution,
having been seconded, was carried unanimously.
A discussion having arisen as to the cause and pro-
bable benefit to be derived from the workmen at Nel-
son's Monument, and at Woolwich, in the service of
Messrs. Grissel and Peto, having also struck,
Mr. B. ANDERSON emered into a lengthy statement of
the case, and said that as Messrs. Grissel and Peto had
done everything► against the workmen they could, they
thought that all striking at once was more likely to bring
the matter to a close.

Mr. Busts then tnoved " that it was the opinion of.that
meeting that the Masons' Society was justified in calling
out the members from Woolwich and Nelson 3lonument,
in consequence of the unjustifiable conduct of their
employers."
This having been seconded, the resolution was carried.
A discussion then arose as to the delegates holding a
public meeting at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, and
Mr. DuNsisic moved the fill owing resolution :
" That no public meeting be held until the report of this
night's proceedings be given to the respective societies
returned to this meeting."
After a very long desultory discussion, the resolution
was put and carried, without a dissentient.
After a short conversation, it was agreed upon that
another meeting should be held in the -same place, on
Wednesday next, in order to receive the answers from
the various unions.

Mr. TuomrsoN was about to enter into their com-
plaints respecting a portion of the Press, when' it was
moved that as the evening had so far advanced the con-
sideration of the question had better be deferred till their
next meeting, which motion having been put by the
Chairman, and carried, the meeting adjourned at half-
past twelve o'clock.

LITERATURE.
OUTLINES OF BOTANY. Pointer, London, 1841.
In this little volume we have the substance of
six elementary Lectures on Botany which were
delivered by the author, a gentleman named
Graham, at the Royal Polytechnic Institution.
We have glanced our eye over the Lectures, and
have been much struck with the skill and ingenuity
with which Mr. Graham has contrived to sim-
plify, and render intelligible to the most ordi-
nary capacity, the general principles of the
science. Those who desire to obtain a correct
idea of the outlines of botany cannot do better
than study this useful and unpretending volume
with attention.

KNIGHT'S STORE OF KNO WLEDGE.
Knight, London, 1841.
The present Part of this Miscellany contains
two Essays--ore, on the National Debt and
Funded System ; and the other on the Mineral
Kingdom. Both are written in a very pains-
taking spirit, and with an obvious endeavour, on
the part of the author, to render these subjects as
little abstruse and as attractive as possible, in
which he has, to a certain extent, succeeded.

THIRD DUKE OF BEAUFORT.-There was
formerly in the possession of Mr. Gimber, fishing tackle
maker, London, who bequeathed it to his housekeeper,
and which has become the property of a Mr. Lime, the
following curious relic:—lt consists of a gold ring with
an oval shield, representing an urn or lachrymatory, sur-
mounted by a weeping willow, and encircled with bril-
liants. The reverse contains a portion of the hair of the
third Duke of Beaufort. On the inside of the hoop is
engraved, " The enclosed hair was cut off the Duke of
Beaufort's head after being interred 348 years." The
following are further authentic particulars, extracted
from a.document printed in the year 1775:—" Bury
St. Edmund's. On the 20th of February, 1772, some la-
bourers employed in breaking np a part of the old Abbey
Church, discovered a leaden coffin, which contained an
embalmed body as perfect and entire as at the time of
death ; the features and lineaments of the face were
perfect, which was covered with a mask of the embalm-
ing materials ; the very colour of the eyes distinguish-
able, the hair of the head as brown, intermixed with
some few grey ones ; the nails fast upon the fingers and
toes as when living ; stature of the body about six feet,
and genteelly formed. From the place of its''ititerment it
was soon found, by an authentic manusgt the re-
mains of Thomas Beaufort, third son to, John de Gaunt,
Duke of Lancaster, by his third Duchess, Lady Cathe-
rine Swinford, relict of Sir Otho de Swinford, of Lin-
colnshire. He took the name of Beaufort from the place
of his birth (a Castle of the Duke's in France. Ile was
half brother to King Henry IV., created Duke of
Exeter, and Knight of the Garter ; in 1410 Lord Chan-
cellor of England ; in 1412 High Ada'iral of England
and Captain of Caais. He commanded the rear-guard
of his nephew, King Henry V.'s army, at the great
battle of Agincourt, on the 25th of October, 1415 ; and
in 1422, upon the death of King Henry V.. was jointly
with his brother Henry, Cardinal Bishop of Winchester,
appointed by the Parliament to the Government, care,
and education of the Royal infant, Henry VI. He
(lied at East Greenwich 1427, in the sth year of King
henry VI."

We can affirm that the regiments employed on
the fortifications of Paris execute, with repugnance,
these fatiguing works. They especially complain of the
little they are paid. They w ork ten hours, and get two
sous for it. A soldier of the 17th Light assured us he
had got but four sous for a week's work. Another sol-
dier asked aloud if the day's labour of a man was not
worth more than two sous. Serious discontent has
broken out at Mont Valerien. The soldiers work with
great reluctance at the citadel, which all declare can
never be of use against either Prussian or English.
"Never fear," said a soldier, " we shall work as badly
as we are paid ; and if want of zeal be not supplied by
numbers, the fortifications won't be finished in sixty
years." But the works of the immense citadel of Mount
Valerien continue nevertheless ; and the wall has been
commenced on a most colossal scale. The whole cir•
cumference of the mountain will be taken in, and will
contain arsenals, barracks, and powder magazines. The
ramparts towards Paris have been the first commenced.
Mont Valerien will form one of the • most formidable
citadels in the world. It commands all the west of
Paris, will command the Seine, and all communication
of the capital with Normandy. Parisians may estimate,
after the example of Pampeluna, the use to be made of
citadels by a government animated by the ideas of the
Journal des Debats.— Commerce.

IGNORANCE IN THE VILLAGES ROUND LON'
noN.—At an inquest held on Monday night before Mr.
Higgs, Coroner for the Duchy of Lancaster, at the Over-
thrown Cart, Lower Edmonton, on the body of a man
named Patrick Oak, who was found drowned in a ditch
near that house, seven witnesses were examined with re-
spect to the occurrence. Five out of the number when
called on to sign their depositions were unable to write.
The Coroner said it was most lamentable to witness
such a want of education in that populous place, and
thought that parents were much to blame in bringing
their children up without giving them some instruction.
A Juror said it was the same case in nearly all. the vil-
lages round London, very few of the working people
being able to-write their names, although in most of the
places there were free schools for the instruction of their
children.

THE ORCHARDS OF JERSEY.—The orchards
in this island are very numerous and flourishing. They
not only add much to the value of the land, but present
an appearance of wooded luxuriance highly pleasing.
The soil is evidently well adapted fey their growth, the
trees being remarkable for their broad rich foliage,
their healthful appearance, and the great abundance
of small bearing wood they contain. The under boughs
are also suffered to grow very low, so that no marks
of the pruning hook are to be seen upon them. In
some exposed situations the trees are so densely
crowded that their branches are intermixed like a
forest. Little secluded dales, and their sloping sides
and irregular and waste-places, are here turned to
good account by being literally covered with fruitful
trees. The fences also in this island, which are mounds
of earth four feet high, and of the same breadth, arc
thickly studded with oak and elm trees, not so much
for the usefulness of the timber as for the valuable shel-
ter they afThrd to the apple and other crops. Cyder is
one of the principal exports of the island, upwards of
2,000 hogsheads being exported annually, though it is
not of first-rate quality, being sweet and deficient in
~trength. This arises partly from the light nature of
the soil, and parly from the soft qualities of the fruit.
New sorts have of late years been introduced from De-
vonshire, and also from France and America. The
Blenheim orange, first propagated by Mr. Fletcher, late
of Aston, near Moreton-in-the-Mar,b, has found its way.
thither. The price of the best cyder is about sixpence
tier gallon.

LYNN.—Wheat sowing hereabouts, though it
commenced this year somewhat later than usual, is no‘N
progressing rapidly. In several fields the young plants
of wheat are already up and showing themselves, and
some farmers have completed wheat-sowing, or nearly
The above observations apply principally to the up-
:ands of West Norfolk. In marsh-land the case is some-
what different, the great quantity, of rain %%licit has
iwtely fallen having rendered the land unfit for working.
The turnip crop appears to be doing extremely well, and
,he pastures and marshes, which have been fed through-
Jut the summer, still continue to yield abundance of
and t4o 170440$ Arc juxu:l2r.t..—Ca4i4c
osrtior,

• . •.
PROCESS FOR PURIFYING
WATER.
Professor Clarke, of the University of Aberdeen,
having bent his attention chiefly to this subjc t, is now
submitting the results of his elaboration and study to
the Londotfpublic, and on Thursday at two o'clock deli-
vered a lecture on this important subject at the theatre
of the Polytechnic Institution in Regent-street.
He proceeded to perform a.series of exp.:rim:A:as to
elucidate the principle thus laid• down upon various
specimens of filtered and unfiltered water, which were
ranged in large glass receivers about the lecture room.
These specimens consisted of Thames river water in its
foulest state, as caused by the late flood. Tne others
were specimens of tho Grand Junbtion, New River,
West Middlesex, and Chelsea water companies, in the
ready-filtered state in which they are supplied to the
houses of the metropolis. On the table before the
Lecturer were also specimens of water, undergoing
purification by a boiling process, in bottles placed over
small fire-lamps.
Our readers have already been put is poisession of
the new principles advocated by the Professor, in an
account of aI. cture delivered by him at the London
University, and reported in The Sun on October the
Bth. The first experiments, also, on the present occa-
swioente,rv,izaand thadtiseoefgiengfiuesg the infusing quick-lime into the i:npure
sink in a residuum ;chalk, h ;tie! ks
t, i
eso g asef tod ffc:rue suet itsp toe
as also the .
c:mens of pure and impure Water by soap, these being
in effect the same as exhibited on the preceding occa-
sion, need not be reiterated here. The experimeatal
novelties, if they nay be so termed, on the present oc-
casion, only worked out, by a various method, the Lec-
turer's leading principle.
Two bottles, the contents of which had been boiled
the preceding day, were acted en' by •the Professor ;
that specimen_ which had been submitted to the Lec-
turer's process had no -deposit, while the other, of ma-
purified water, had a thick deposit of powder at the
bottom, was accompanied by a furred surface and in-
crustrations, furnishing a clear proof that the chlo-
rate of lime was altogether a far more powerful and
efficient purifier than even a violent boiling process.
This experiment, said the Lecturer, furnishes abun-
dant topics for application to the routine of our eve ry-
day life ; in the multitude of domestic purposes for
which water is used, it is constantly, as exhibited by
this experiment, in this fund and hurtful state. But
the evil is most greatly apparent in the ease of our
large manufactories. Professor Clarke here invited
, attenti
in di
m toaameLit
r osfecdop,poeiriei had' recently been atiule measuring a few
inches
a portion of a long pipe which cenve3ed, in a
horizontal position, water of the same consistency as
that supplied by the River Companies, into a boiler
located in another part of the manufactory.' For a
sr ace of time, not longer than six months, it had con-
tinued to serve this purpose, and at the end of that
time presented its present appearance, it beinglocrus
ted internally with a thick coating of about two inches
in depth of solid chalk,
,very much resembling
indurated concrete stone. Tne same effect, observed
the Lecturer, which is here evidenced in the case of the
pipe, is exactly :hat which is daily happening to those
who heat their houses and rooms by hot wmer. This
is managed by means of pipes, which gradualy obtain a
lining of chalk, that prevents the heat from passing out,
and defeats the intention of the plan. Agai r, in
steamers for boiling, this incrustation of carbonate of
lime is constantly occurring. In the case of tubes it is
still worse ; oftentimes the action of the heat is alto-
gether restricted by these incrustations; the tube then
peels, it next forms itself into au oxide, its strength gra-
dually decreases, and at last it breaks. This is the most
frequent cause of explosion in steam-boilerr.
The most noticeable effects of the Professor's
new process, as recapitulated by himself, were
these—its power of softening water ; its removal of the
deleterious chalk ; the taking away of the fur which
unavoidably accumulates in the boiling process ; its de-
struction of all vegetable matter, and imectal life ; in
addition to its clarifying and rendering almost perfectly
omit to remark that the specimen of the Professor's
pure this first of the elements of life. We must not
purified water which was ranged on a stand with the
filtered specimens of the different Companies, was ab-
solutely diaphanous, and purely crystalline and colour-
less, compared to those at its side, which were various
of shade, end of a deep discoloured hue.
Before concluding, Professor Clarke begged to call
the attention of the many scientific gentlemen who
were present, as well as the rest of his respectable
audience to some remarks which had appeared in the
.E.ratniner respecting his new process. The article
which contained them bore the signature of
M.D.," but he knew upon sufficient grounds
that these strictures emanated from the pen of Dr.
Paris. The Doctor in this article had assailed his pro-
cess ; but while he allowed that. the broad priqciple ad-
vocated by Professor Clarke was chemically correct,
yet he complained that the very agent employed to
correct the evil, namely, quicklime, •was, by the
operation, unavoidably left in solution with what he of.

fered as purified water, so that the remedy was actualy

as injurious as the disease sonpose,l to be removed.
Another stricture made by Dr. Paris was, that the
muriacs, which form a component part, of some conse-
quence in water, were by this process un'ouched. In
answer to this, Professor Claik• ts..-d that the Doctor
was bringing on him difficulties he had m vcr volun-

teered to remove. lie bad offered to remove three-
fourths of the impurity, which he had eff..ctively done

in the remove! of the :fk, and more than this he had

never offered to do. Another stricture was, that it was

impossible to tell the exact portion of chalk in any quan-
tity of water, so that it could not. be known exactly
what quantity of lime to use ; whence it would arise
that a quantity of lime would always be left in our
water. Also, observed the Doctor, the quality of
water varies from sedion to season, or rither from day
to day. To this allegation Professor Clarke replied,
that the variation in the state of water mattered
nothing ; that every change in it was in every case
easily ascertainable by chemical process, and that ten
days in the 1 iboratory would clear the most diffi-
cult point ; nay, that there were processes by which the
state of water could be found out in a quarter of an
hour, or even ;4 h:le the water was running past your
house. Professor Clarke finally made reference to a
printed volume, which appeared to contain evidence
given by Dr. Paris before a Committee of the House.

The case cited was that of a family, all of whom had
drank of certain water, and had become violently ill ;
they ceased to drink of it, arid partook of other, and
gradually thereupon recovered. Dr. Paris was asked
whether filtration in this case would have rendered the
water pure, to which he answered that he did not know.

He was questioned as to whether he krew of any
remedy to prevent the effects of bad water, to which he

answered in the negative. In fact, said the Lecturer,
this little bit of examination proved in ere Doctor no
knowledge, but abundance of prejudice; and after this,
he suggested V.at his audience might judge how far Dr.
Paris was fitted to criticize or make strictures on his
discovery.

TH E NOTTINGHAM REFORMERS.
The 29th anniversary of the triumph of Li!)eral opi-
nions in Nottingham, in 1812, was clebratei on
Monday, at the White Swan, Nottingh,na. The din-
ner had hitherto taken place at the Duke of York,
but the landlord having recently changed his politics,
the Liberals changed the " venue." Th 3 room was
tastefully decorated with flowers, and at tl,e back of the
top table was the old 1812 flag, bearing the motto,
" Ranclifre and Independence, and the glorious majo-
rity of 1812." The walk were also hung Ihith the por-
traits of Lord Rancliffe, Sir Jos. Birch, and Mr. T.
Wakefield. The fast-named gentleman took the chair
on the occasion. He was supported by Lord. Ran.-
ebtfe' Mr. J. R. Allen, Mr...J. Barber, Ald.:.,Leavers,
Mr. H. Oldknov, Mr. R. Sand!, Mr..Carterright,.Mr.
C. Leavers, and Mr. J. Wilccckson. • u.

•
The CHAIRMAN having given -" The- Queen,".
with three times three ; .. The People," 'with three
times three ; " Prince Albert- and the Princess
Royal ;" " The Duke of. Sussex, and the rest
of the Royal Family," proposed " The twenty-ninth '
anniversary of the return of Lord Randle for Notting-
lhieaTe.d"—tha a (Gt
ret
almostt cheering.)
every e d
01. their meet;ngs since
he had attended, and at most of them he had bad the
pleasure, es well as honour, of presiding, and of
a one
(Mr. Wakefield) be-
proposing
the health of their esteemed guest.---ccim,m,
) Nor
was it one that, to secure their regard, required any
new argument , he
• would tench rattier ask them tr drink
it from old recollections, for it was more gratifying to
find that they could entertain the same feeling towards
their Noble Friend as in years gone by, and that he
still advocated the same opinions.—([dear, Lear.) He
merited their greatest appluuse, and it was a merit—
for, after they had found a Nobleman I.ke Lord Ran-
cliffe, a large landowner, still the same ardent friend
to the mass of the people as when they first succeeded
in returning him, he did say the highest merit was
due to him,—(Cheers.) He wished he could say,
and with truth, that the electors were not changed,
and that they sal held the same opinions, and voted in
the same manner, as in 1812. But the:, must ail know,
and it was impossible but what they could fedi deeply,
that there was not the same steady resolution and dc-
ternainatiOn to act freely now that there was thee. He
concluded by giving " Lord Rancliffe—the stea.ly, ac-
tive, and consistent advocate of the people's rights."
Lord RANCLIFFE returned thanks. " After," said
his Lordship, " twentpaline years' mature considera-
tion—a virtue which at twenty one the Tories on niv
coming forward did not give me credit for-1 am mond
to find that I still hold the same sentiments, and t 4
see around me the same friends who gave me their
hearty assistance in 1812. I
.am ashamed to speak
of myself so much, but iti is most sitisfactory to
me, that after so great a P of tie- se the [ can still
advoe.ate the same measures I formerly did —tne a-
sures which, if they had been carried out,
would have rendered this Country bappy......(Hear,
bear, hear.) The same mottoes which were then
entolled -on my banners I now hen to toy heart --Free
Trade, the Ballot, the Emancipation of the Blaclts,
and I.Could have put Whites also at 'the battom—
(H4uo.4od the other great reforms so roach , d
qure p

ON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1841.