The Sun.
London, England, 1846-03-10 00:00:00

VALUE OF THE

MICROSCOPE.

We have to direct attention to the means for detect-
ing the adulteration of musk, by the aid of the micros
cope, and for wh ch we are indebted to Dr. Neligan, the
lecturer on nteteria medico in the Dublin medical school.
This gentleman states, that owing to the high 1)1 ice
and great demand for musk, which, as is now generally
very well known, is the secretions from the male musk
animal, the moschus moschiferus, and it is generally
imported into the British market from China, in the
natural bags of the animal, by wholesale London drug-
gists, by whom it is retailed to the trade, many of whom,
finding it very much adulterated, prefer purchasing the
unopened bag ; this precaution, however, is often found
not a sufficient protection against fraud, as spurious
musk bags are very common, and so well prepared by
the ingenious Chinaman, that even the most experienced
eye is often unable to distinguish the true from the false;
it appears that the Chinese, finding a greater demand
for musk than they are able to supply with the genuine
article, squeeze out some of the secretion, which is fluid
In the recent state, and mix it with, it is believed, the
dried blood of the animal ; this compound, which pre-
sents the same physical character as true musk, they
put into small sacks made of pieces of the skin cut oil*
from other parts of the animal's body, and prepared
with the usual ingenuity of this people, so much so,
indeed, as almost to defy detection with the naked eye.
The method hitherto adopted for detecting this sophis-
tication, has been the peculiar position of the hairs,
which are arranged in a circular manner around the
orifice in the genuine musk pod. The means which are
now proposed to detect the fraud depend on the mic.os-
copic character of the hairs which grow on the sac of
the musk animal, and which differs very remarkably
from those of the false sacs which are met with in com-
merce. Oa placing hairs from both under the micros-
cope, it will be seen that those from the natural sac of
the animal are furnished in the interior with distinct,
regular, colour cells, while in hairs taken from other
parts of the animal's body those cells appear ti be ob-
literated, as is generally the case, in this and the allied
tribes of animals. The method above proposed to
detect imposition is a very simple one, and of easy appli
cation now that every pharmaceutist is supposed to be
provided with a microscope, without which he could not
possibly detect the adulteration of arrow-root and of the
other feculas of commerce.

REDCLIFF gives us pleasure to learn
that the noble church of St. Mary Radcliff has been thrown
open fir inspection to the public; and that, by order of the
vicar and churchwardens, the attendants are not allowed ?J
receive any fee for admission, upon pain of dismissal. The
lovers of " sublime and beautiful" in art, and the connoisseurs
in ecclesiastical architecture, have thus an opportunity of
visiting an edifice pronounced by her Majesty Queen Elizabeth
to be "one of the most famous, absolute, fairest, and goodliest
parish churches within the realm of 'England." The room
where Chatterton affirmed that he discovered the Rowleian
M.S S , and indeed all portions of the edifice, are open to in-
spection, with the exception of the tower and spire, which,
from their dilapidated state, it is dangerous to ascend. At the
same time we may remark that those who visit the church,
and who will probably be struck with a feeling of sorrow at
witnessing the breaches which time has made in the sacred
edifice, will have en opportunity afforded them of voluntarily
contributing, according to their means, to its repair. The
churchwardens, committee, and all who have taken part in
the restoration of Redcliff-church, deserve great credit for the
zealous and indefatigable manner in which they have laboured
to effect that object ; and the throwing open the church to the
public is in harmony with the spirit which has throughout
animated their proceedings.—Bristol Mercury.

MAGAZINES-CONTINUED
ECLECTIC REVIEW.

We congratulate the entrepreneur of this publication
upon the improvementwhich is manifest in the new series
of the Eclectic Review. There is more variety in the
present number than possibly in any one of its pre-
decessors ; and each theme is treated in a manner the
most appropriate to itself. A glance at the table of
contents will assure any one of our veracity in uttering
the former opinion : a peep into the articles themselves
will confirm the latter. As possibly the most valuable
papers in the collection, we may partica'arly mention an
elaborate analysis of M'Culloch s views respecting taxa-
tion, and a still more elaborate inveqizatioll a, tq
Celtic Church in Irel4r4 Ver the eritlcism, or rather
eulogium, upon Thomas Hood's poetry Rs staunch
admirers of that lamented philanthropist, return the
writer our twknnwipdgmen;,s. (Vier aptelL g u tolzruble
merit form the substratum Of this March number,

THE PLOUGH.

Onp o' the engravings in the prilept put is a real
interest—it is associate with historical and hutLaLising
circumstances—we &lade to a drawing of tto " Rother-
ham Plough," the first innovation upon the ancient in-
strument used by our forefathers for turning up the soil.
Rotherham plough, sometimes called the Dutch
plough, was introduced into yorkshire. in 1120 ; and
since then this weapon of peace has progressed upon a
gradually improving scale up to its present admirable
proportions. Some "Observations on the Management
of Landed Property" will prove Ino-4 voeptolle, but
especially at this moment. OP the " Philosophy of
Manure' we anticipate a prolonged continuation--a
fulfilment of which anticipation wp foel usured wou!d
not be regretted by the readers of the Plougi. The
paper upon "Fallowing" is above mediocrity, and others
Ow are deserving of the same negative prai:;e.

LO WE'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.

Resolved, we presume, to take some bold subject under
examination, the editor of thi:.3 new, miscellany has in-
troduced into its pages a " Hibtory of Science." The
title, of itself, is a blast of trumpets ; it commands our
attention, and not without some profit (thouzb there is
room for more) to our elves, Wo recommend the
writer to persevere; ho has hit upon a noble theme for
disquisition. " George Herbert" is a mere paraphrase
from Izaak Walton's life of that excellent worthy; but
the sunny flavour of the "gentle craft"-sman is in this
version entirely strained oft The examination of Crom-
well, as depicted by Carlyle and Guizut, is ingenious
enough, but too tame, too prim, tto everything but
'forcible. The remainder of the Eciiitburgh is %ariously
good, but, as a whole, it is deserving of success.

POLITICAL DICTIONARY. Part 11. Second
Half.
This valuable book of reference is fast approaching to
a conclusion. The first article in this part is " Parent
and Cbild," the last " Physicians." The articles
" Parliament," "Partnership," and "Patent," are most
elaborately written, and contain a complete resume of
the present state of the law on those important subjects.

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL.

We welcome this transatlantic periodical (of which the
number before us, dated January, 1846, is the first of
the second series), recognising, as we do, in its re-com
mencement very considerable research, and no little
novelty, in the way of condensing much erudition into
a comparatively small compass. The " Journal," pub-
lished at Newhaven, and conducted by a triumvirate
(Professor Silliman, B. Silliman, jun., and James D.
Dana), is devoted exclusively to matters of science and
art ; and even in this portion alone, we percieve much
care in the general arrangements. Under the head of
scientific intelligence, the chemical, mineralogical, geo-
logical, zoological, and botanical departments are all
complete. Remembering the extraordinary experiments
now being made by Professor Farraday, in relation to
electricity and light, the article on " Observations of the
Solar Rays" is but a mote to a beam. But the " Review
of the New York Geological Reports," illustrated by a
variety of woodcuts, is of itself worth double the price
of the entire magazine. Altogether, the . American
Journal reflects honour on its conductors.

THE UNION MAGAZINE.
The Union has fairly conquered its place, and may
now he considered as one of the established monthlies.
The present number is fully equal to its predecessors,
and the Union is still favourably characterised from
many of its rivali by that great charm of a magazine,
variety. The article on Carlyle's " Hero Worship" is
concluded, and our friend " The Ilindoo Gentleman"
gives us an admirable description of a railroad journey
into the country, and of a hunting expedition. The
tale of " William Fleming, the Deal Boatman," increases
in interest as it proceeds, and promises to be an ex-
cellent novel. The continuation of " The Quarantine
Tales" is also excellent. We have a very valuable
paper on Venice, exhibiting profound and philosophical
views of history, and tracing the causes of the fall of
that proud State to the vices inherent in her constitution.
The able article on the corn-laws (which is replete with
valuable statistical details) is finished in this number, and
the author thus sums up his conclusions on this most im-
portant subject—conclusions, be it said, which are fully
borne out by the facts which he adduces in support of
them:—

"On the whole, therefore, we see no reason whatever to
believe that the average quantity of wheat imported for
some years to come, if prices should continue only from 40a
to 50s. the quarter, will much exceed the average of the last
ten years, and certainly not the quantity estimated in the
Consular returns which we have quoted. We do not believe
it will be possible under usual circumstances, unless indeed
prices should rise to a very extravagant rate, to obtain for
the next ten years a greater average importation of wheat
than 2,000,000 quarters annually, a quantity capable only of
fouling the increased numbers which have been added to our
population since 1841 11
"Finally, we cannot believe, if all these views of this im-
portant question are calmly and deliberately weighed—if
men will consider the great importance to the general inte-
rests, and most of all, as we have shown to the agricultural
clasees, that our rapidly increasing p pulation should be pro-
vided with new branches of employment; if all will consider
how much they have to gain, how little to fear, from the
establishment of a system of free and unfettered commercial
intercouse, and preservation from constantly recurring
periodical derangement of our monitorial matters, and the
whole system of commercial credit—in which all interest are
deeply and injuriously involved ;—we cannot believe, but
that the measures now before ParliamLnt will be hailed as
the only safe policy by which this country can for the future
be governed. All experience of the past, and all reasoning
upon the future, equally recommend its immediate and un
hesitating adoption."

MARKET NElif.___(ytsTEßDAY)
CORN—=MCZEJINGE.
the -ay
receiPll
Since thie daSennight, up to Saturd „real
English Wheat for our market, coastwise as wellevening as, bY A
and sample, were on a very moderate scale—viz., emit 4, wee
ters:; while the receipts of Barley, Oats, Beans, Peas, and Flowe
also on a very moderate scale. Of Irish and Scotch
was small, and by no means adequate to meet the wants.° 03
dealers. However, the imports of Foreign Wheat and Flour, 7bes
as most other articles (nearly, or quite, the whole of which have
landed in bond), were on a 11,12. average scale, the time or z!..„,, of
selered. Fresh up very little English Wheat came to band tTeLdt,d;
quarter, consequently the show of samples of that article Was
owing sowing to which, and the increased attendance of both iTOOI
Country maieree-Iletiat of whom appeared short of stoeX
..107.0.00
wail 11113 41 Walter prices. We quote the finest eualitt As is
tee), .114. Inge, and the secondary parcels one Shilling. 114"-e'arreii°9
red Wheat, the sale for it was not quite so active, yet tife.tior.
improved Is per quarter, and very few parcels of any due .. ear?
insisted unsold at the cloSe Of 'beakless. The general co eiu'e
',nom
Wheats was egeeebly good, though, of course, several Itr,
Ran Nvtlyg an offer. As very little foreign Wheat he, Ptroli
grain tbe afeti.
Customs for home consumption during the present y'etr, theliedei
great scarcity of that article Ileee this morning, since
were again firm, and weinld not sell, except at hi,el,
were subtniteeti eie In in very few instances, we can snare
VP hel:4lr general figures ; yet the trade may he cons• te
alle• 'or Corn under lock there were severe:, speculativeleZiosil
the high prices demanded by the impoe.ers prevented inucioe Kett'
/fern being transacted, yet the rates..., were quits'as high 0/
We had a very large supply of English Barley on show'rer;
qualities were, therefore, In good request, 'mid the turn dewed. 'ft
the value of grinding and dietitling sorts was well suPtteal
arrivals of have heen on a moderate scale since
Ware parcels moved of freely, and prices were well se
ether kines of Malt comparatively little was doing- u'14.8 01•
11
12,000 qua tees of Oats—including the foreign supplies--
to hand.fe,
Oeil disposed of, the quantity on sale 1(1-1,0111;
Neerly the whole of the late large supplies
atnell, Superior sweet qualities commanded a.finneeelol.l
at a trifle snore money ; while the middling and inier°rthe gig „,
quite as dear, with a steady inquiry. We understand Bei;
on their way hither from Ireland are comparativelY beg r'tin.
the supply of which was moderate, moved off slowly, at
Although the quantity of Peas on offer was not to saY 41114 r
Os
quire* for them was heavy, at previous quetations. Flour
p• ices were firmly maintained.
CURRENCY PEE IMPERIAL MEAST-Mg 640
6
Wheat—);:sax le Kent, • Malt—Chevalier.•;:lid to

- Red, New.... 51s to 65s Oats--Yorkshire ris 10
Ditto,Wlalte, Old.. b7s 70s Lincolnsh., Fe`'. 304
Norfolk and Lin-
coln, Red • . 523 658
Ditto, White.. .• • . 55s 645 Black •• • pl
Irish, Red •• • 51s 54s yrongtathooll...an-we'ock,fx
roo
Cork,
Ditto, White...... 53s 57s Scotch, Feed. • " 311 0
tlye—Old •••••• • • • • • • 36s 38a Beans—Tick White •• • 20 ill
. ..... • .131 411
New. ••• • • • 3Ss !Os Pigeons •••• • ' ' :: 334 45
Barley—Grinding • • 245 25s Pease—GreY •• ' ' . 411 19
Malting .Its 34s ... "
Maple. • • .. yin
Chevalier •• • .• .. 37a 38s White ...... ••• ". 644 g,
Malt—Suffolk and Nor- Boners •• •• •• •• •• " DP
f01k.... .. ••• • • 585 62s Flour—Town-ntade 444
Brown .... 57s 603 Suffolk
Kingston and Ware 63s 655 Stocktn
FOREIGN GRAIN AND FLOUR IN DO:SD. 59et'ji1
Wheat—Dantzic... •• . 57s to f3a Beans ••••• • • • • • 411 'A
Damburgh - •••• • • • ' ,
' •
Barley 22s 28a Flour—American •'' • •••••
.• ••
Oats- -New ...
seed ••• • • • 2Ps 23s I
STY/1 DO 60
Ile ,
The past week's imports of live stook into the metrePo tter,loloo
moderately good, viz., 30 Oxen and 119 sheep front 13epatc11 sib
Cows from Harlingen ; and 70 Oxen and Cows from otilf-O, tlO
in. for the most part, fair average condition. We had f-eld
Oxen and Cows, together with 190 Sheep, recently a.", "t 4
Continent. For most qualities 00 each discription ~-deacfccipe
the demand was steady, and prices had aa upward thi4
bullock droves from our own grazing districts, freshto '1'"0
'4W
ing, were very small, yet there was a great improvelne'
especially in that of the Short Horns from NorfelX• dyerod
dance of buyers being somewhat numerous, id St
of ~ed per
trade was steady, at, in most transactions, ,
in the currencies obtained on this day se'nnig',oll`.
8 lbs., the very primest sorts producing Is Gd per Sitis•lu, $041,500
a good clearance was effected. From Norfolk, Suli° ,1100.0 111
Cambridgeshire we received 950 Scots, home-breda'' 1
oite otr
from the northern counties, 300 short-horns ; from the frott,?4.4.
martsland districts, 500 Herefords, Devons, Runts, l'eti;ao,3
of England, 250 of various breeds; and fret" Se°, the6o
The numbers of Sheers were again limited, howet.`,.,
them was active, at Friday's enhanced quotations, tout
.10
Downs selling readily at 5s 8d per 8 lbs. There were abe, 71310
sheep in the market, which were disposed of at 8d Pe'esaie pric°
those in. the wool. From the Isle of Wight 19 Lamb' $. ivisl/0i
per railway. Tho Lamb trade may be considered steo9,fipolot
varying from 5s 8d to 7s per Bibs. The supply 01-C4lOO
while the Veal trade was firm, at Friday's prices. ,
freely, and last week's quotations were well supported' to f•;
6. 4
Per Sibs. to sink the offal. 4. 8
3. (I. s. d. 4 5
mto 0
inferior Beasts •••• 2 10 3 2 Second quail*" ,
Second quality ditto. 3 4 3 6 Coarse-woollekle.` 6
Prime large Oxen.. 3 8 4 0 Southdown 4
Prime Scots • • • • . • 4 2 4 6 Ditto out of the WO7 0
; $
Large coarse Calves 310 4 6 Large Hogs •••• • 4 „ft ,
Prima small ditto .. 4 8 410 Small Porkers •' • :16 '
Suckling Calves .18 0 31 0 Quarter old PIP
•• 0 s'
inferior Sheep • • . 4 0 4 6 Lambs ..... •
•iO
• SUPPLY AT MARKET. r2L3
Beasts. Sheep. Calves.
I
2,353 17,430 J 45 4.15. - oft°
ggilm 061
ICEIXTGA.TE !IND 1631.111.11:11GTZ oeSe PI
$0,14
Although the arrivals of slaughtered meat up is, ore or r.)
during the past week have been somewhat on the WP,
have proved by no means seasonably extensive* .014,•44010
of London.killed meat have been but moderate, °
t
the general demand has ruled firm, and, in some inst°o- .„4
f S
Bons have had an upward tendency. About 30 ,
priettreitm
Beasts and 60 ditto of Sheep have found buyers, '
•
former carried a large quantity of iniernal fat, but
somewhat different in that respect.
cl•tejlt/
At per stone, by MS Carcase. 4, 6 6
3 , 3
Beef, inferior...... 2 6 2 8 Mutton, inferior 4
middling 210 3 0 middling', 4 4 4
prime large .. 3 2 3 4
•
prime small .• 3 6 3 8 Pork, large •••• •• . 4
Veal.• ••••••• • • • • • 4 G 5 6 small .....

Lamb. Os Od to Os Od.
ARRIVALS DURING THE PAST 1'7,1110 410
Beasts SbeeP
32 420 10

Yorkshire ..... .. .

40 640 '4O

Lincolnshire . • • • • • • • .

45 140

- 0

Norfolk
Suffolk .......... ............. go 100 910

Cambridgeshire ................ 30 100 81 qoo
sO 30
surrey . 40 230 100
Devonshire 90 SO