The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-12 00:00:00

~44g
ved•X'
No. 16,843. LON DON, SAT U RDAY E N
..„,,„„ nly SEPTEMBER 12 1846.

REMINGTON'S LONDON and MAN.
CHESTER RAILWAY.

At nn Adjourned Meeting of the Committee appointed by the
Shareholders to investigate the affairs of this Company, held the 26th
day of August, 1846,
D. W. HARVEY, Esq., in the Chair;

• It was Resolved,—That as the number of Shares'returned to the
Committee exceeds 15,000, yet as the total issue of Shares exceeds
50,000, the Committee feel, that until a far larger amount of Shares
shall be notified, no negotiation can be opened with the Directors.
Holders of Shares, therefore, who desire to bring the affairs of this
Company to a speedy and equitable adjustment at the least possible
expense, are requested to trakismit their names, and the number of
Shares they respectively Mid, to the Chairman of the Committt c, D.
W. Harvey,.,Esq., Old Jewry, London, not later than the Ist of
October, after which day no communication will be received.

D. W. HARVEY, Chairman

BANK OF ENGLAND, SEPT. 10, 1846.

T_
COURT-of DIRECTORS of the GO-
A_ VERNOR and COMPANY of the BANK of ENGLAND give
notice, that a GENERAL COURT will be held at the Bank on
THURSDAY NEXT, the 17th instant, at Eleven o'clock in the forenoon,
to consider of a Dividend. This will also be one of the Quarterly
General Courts appointed by the Charter.
JOHN KNIGHT, Secretary.

INVENTORS and DEPOSITORS of WORK-
ING MODELS and of other Specimens of the Useful Arts (as
well as the Visitors ofthe ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION)
are respectfully informed that the Directors have given their anxious
consideration to the new appointment of DEMONSTRATOR in
MECHANICS, whose duty will be to explain to the Visitors the
Principles and Uses -of the above Specimens with clearness and
simplicity. The Lectures now comprise the ELECTRIC TELE-
GRAPH, as well as other objects, of present interest. The beautiful
Optical Exhibitions, &c. &c.

Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.

-11/IR. BEARD'S PHOTOGRAPHIC F0R-
.1.71,. TRAIT ESTABLISHMENTS are at 85. King William-
street, City, .34, Parliament-street, Westminster; and the Royal
Polytechnic Institut:on, where specimens of the recent improvements
in colouring,, introduced by Mr. Beard, the sole patentee of the
Daguerreotype, and which have been honoured by the eu:oginms of
all the leading journals, may be Seen. Application for licenses to be
ma ie at King William-street.

HOT WEATHER.- TR AVE L LING.-SEA-
SIDE.—The REGISTERD PALETOT in London, only at
22, Cornhill, opposite the Royal Exchange ; and the chief Llama
Cloth' Warehouse, 114, Regent-street. Do not be deceived by a
similarity of name. placed In the windows of a few petty shops in the
neighbourhood of the Patentees. Each Paletot is stamped " 11. J. and
D. NICOLL, 114, Regent-street."

GOLDEN LION HOTEL, NORTHAL-
LERTON.

JOHN CLAY (late of the Royal Horse Guards) begs to inform the
inhabitants of .Northallerton and the neighbourhood, and also the
Commercial and other Gentlemen visiting Northalierton, that he has
taken the above-named Jim and premises, which have recently un-
dergone a thorough repair.

J. C. takes this opportunity of assuring those persons who may
kindly honour him with their patronage, that nothing shall be want-
ing on his part to promote their comfort ; and in order to carry this
determination into effect, he has laid in a large stock of wino and
spirits of the very best quality, which, along with the viands con-
sumed in the house, will be furnished to his customers on the most
liberal terms. •

Good Stabling and lock-up Coach•houses, superior Post Horses,
Gigs, Omnibus, Cabs, &e., ready at a moment's notice.
An Omnibus to each Train on the Great North of England Railway.

PERFECTION in LAMP OIL.—A PATENT.
CLARK'S PATENT SPERM OIL, only ss. per imperial
gallon, is bright as crystal In the coldest weather, and lasts longer

than real Sperm. It burns in all descriptions of Argand Lamps. The
great expense of Sperm Oil, and the trouble of common oils, can now
be dispensed with at pleasure. It is admirably suited for Solar
Lamps, as they will not want cleaning for years, and being so pure,
four gallons go as far as five gallons of any common oils ; so, in
reality, Clark's Patent Sperm Oil is cheapest. Families laying in
their stock- of Spermaceti or Wax Candles, Soaps, &c. &c., will
positively save, $0 per cent.. in their outlay. This is no fiction, and
this system of equitable charges the public will support.
Samples sent in London, and list of prices, with description of the
patent article, /Sent on application to all partsof the world.

Clark and Company, the immense Lamp, Oil, and Candle Depot,
447, West Strand, t6n doors from Lowther Arcade.

NATIONAL* LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
' ANCE SOCIETY,
26, COItNIIILL LONDON.
- Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured
has, on.all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for-
feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table) ;
also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in-
terests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible
rates.

DIVISION OF PROFITS.
. ,
The remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society
has enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare
a fourth Mimi-varying frail 35 to 85 per cent, on the premiums paid
on each Policy effected on the Profit scale.

The division of profits ia, annual, and the next will be made in
December of the present year.
F. FEIIGITSfri,T CAM-ROUX. Secretary.

A TA% SPECIAL •GENERAL AIEETING of
-11- • the"SALT TRADE of ENGLAND," held at Northwich,
on MONDAY, Augui t 31, 1846,
The...minutes of the lot general
•" Chamber of Commerce," as
we as the report of the " Oomnditee appointed specially for the
free opening of the Indian markets flir the admission of British salt,"
having'been'reed, • • •
It-was proposed and resolved,— •
That the thanks of the whole body of the salt proprietors of Eng-
land are due, and hereby tendered, to their Committee, and the
.gentlemen who accompanied them, to.the Board of Control, for the
able and strenuous manner in which they have taken up and advo-
cated the question of the admission of Brifish salt into India upon
lair and reasonable tetras; and that in confirming the resolutions
-passed on the 13th inst., the, whole body of the salt proprietors of
England pledge themselves collectively and individually to aid and
support their Committee in carrying out the same.
That the thanks of the. Meeting be given to Mr. Greenshields, for
the trouble he his taken, and for the pamphlet he has circulated on
This Object. • •
That the 'present system of-virtual monopoly of salt by the East
India Company being most unjust and oppressive to millions of our
-fellow-subjects. in India,. by' compelling .them to surrender the
product of from one to four months of their labour for the purchase
of a first necessary of life ; and being also most injurious to the manu-
facturing' as' well as the shipping alia'commercial interests of this
'country,• it is -advisable that a thorough knowledge of the workings
and effects of the • salt-Monopoly shall be disseminated through the
country, an:l that the , Committee be requested to take such imme-
Atate measures as• they may deem best to give general publicity to a
monopoly as monstrous and oppressive to all under its influence as
it is baneful and injurious to the commercial interests of this
country. • '
• That• the Committee-be requested to organise a fresh deputation
to the Board of Control, in conjunction with the Manchester, Liver-
pool, Bristol, Glasgow, and Gloucester Chambers of Commerce, the
East India and China, as well as the Shipowners' Associations in Lon-
don and Liverpool, and such other public bodies as may seem de-
sirable, soliciting them to delegate members to join therein, in order
'to represent theirvsrffius respective interests.
• That, in order to defray the expenses which must be incurred by
the Committee in order to carry out the views of the general body of
-the stilt proprietors of Eugland, a subscription be opened in such
.manner as the Committee may determine
That the specie) thanks of this meeting be tendered_ to Mr. D. C,
•Aylwln, of 'Calentta,ibr the information furnished by him relative to
• the salt' trade in India, and also for the valuable pamphlet he has
'written upon the • subject ; and that 'Mr. D. C. Aylwin be requested
to become one of the Committee for the free opening of the Indian
ports,.

(Signed) W. WORTHINGTON,
Chairman of Salt Chamber of Commerce,

PUBLICATIONS.

This day, in post Bvo., price 7s. 6d. cloth,
NOTES ON THE EPIDEMIC CHOLERA.
By R. HARTLEY KENNEDY, M.D.
Late Physician General and President of the Medical Board,

Bombay.
London: Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

• • -THE OXFORD GRADUATE- ON •PAINTING.
Just published. itt Imperial Bvo., price 18s. cloth,
THE . FIRST VOLUME OF: MODERN
PAINTERS.'
. By a.-GILADU kTE. OF OXFORD.
A New Edition, revised by the Author, and printed uniformly wills
Volume 11.
Also, lately Publisher], in Imperial Svo., price 10s. Gd. cloth,
THE- SECOND—VOLUME OF MODERN PAINTERS.
• Treating of the Imaginative and Theoretic Faculties.
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

'CONSULS HAND-BOOK.
Will be published in a felY days,

• .
-nItITISII CONSULS .ABROAD ; their
LP Origin, Rank and Privileges, Duties, Juris'diction and Ems'
laments; including the Laws, Orders in Council, and Instructions by
w:tich they Are governed; us well as those reliting to Shipowners
and Merchants in their connexion with Consuls. By ROBERT
FYN'S. , Esq., Birrister-at-Law.
• London: Effingham. Wilson, 11,'Itoyal Exchange.

rilH E UNIVERSAL
IL • 30 to 50 per 'Cent. 'Saved!

To'be had at the PatenteeS. 6b, St. Martin's:lane, Charing-cross.
Tire Patentees beg' to nail public attention to the following facts,
l'he -advantages• resulting • from the brvention are various and
striking. Independently of a saving of 30 to 50 per Cent„ the com-
bustion is perfect, and the brilliancy produced superior.to any light
hitherto discovered. It emits neither fimell nor smoke, and burns
'steadify for any period ; and such is its 'purity, that it neither affects
or salts the most *lelicate• colour or the finest fabric. Objections have
made to the Introduction •of gas in dwellimr-houses, to the expense of
tidings, to.its destruction of furniture,draperies, gold moulding, &c. ;
these, are entirely- obviated by the " PATENT UNIVERSAL GAS
BURNER." As the cost of laying on gas is muck lower than is com-
monly simPosed,' it is adapted for private dwellings, as well as for
club-Muses, hotels, manufactories, 'and public buildings. One of the
small burners is amply sufficient to light a good-sized room, at a sum
Immeasurably lower than spirit, oil, or candle, with the avoidance of
waste or trouble. . . .

•
The merits of the "Burner," its brilliancy and economy surpassing
every other known light, are shown by the annexed authentic
opinions of the qualities of the UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER. •
Extract from the Proteedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
Tuesday, 26th May, 1846, SirJonri RENNIE, President, in the Chair.
"A gas burner of a noveLand ingenious construction was exhibited.
The principal novelty was the introduction of a stream of air to the
centre of the flame by a hollow button in the middle of the burner.
The • air passing up through the hollow stem of the button, was
'leafed, and passed out by two series of fire-holes around the periphery,
and impinging with force. on the flame of the gas curved it outwards
in the shape of a tulip, while the oxygen of the air, mingling with
the carburetted, hydrogen gas, produced a very p.3rfact combustion,
The flame was quite white down the top of the burner, was very steady,
as was amply demonstrated by the excellent light of the Institution,
where these bunters have been used. In comparing the consumption
of these burners with that of the concentric ring burners, and trying
the power of the two lights by the photometer, the new burner gave a
better light, with a saving of rather more than one-third."

ATIDDLESEX COUNTY PAUPER
LUNATIC ASYLUM.

Persons desirous of TENDERING for the SUPPLY of MEAT,
flour, malt, hops, hay and straw, oatmeal, barley meal, and peas,
for six calendar months, from the Ist day of October next ; and for
the following articles, for twelve calendar months from that day,
viz. :—Coals, cheese, butter, bacon, pickled pork, groceries, &c. ;
wine and brandy for the sick, soda, starch, oil and oil colours,
brooms, brushes, window glass, haberdashery, hosiery, linen and
woollen drapery, blankets, rugs, straw hats and bonnets, tobacco,
snuff, leather, men's and women's cloth and leather boots and shoes,
lead and lead piping for the above institution, containing 1,100 per-
sons, are requested to deliver their Tenders to me by Ten o'clock,
on THURSDAY, tile 17th instant, sealed and addressed to the Visitors
of the Middlesex Lunatic Asylum, and to attend here on that day at
Eleven o clock.

Blank forms in which the Tender must be made, may be obtained
upon application either at Hanwell or at this place, and patterns and
samples to which the contractor will be required strictly to conform,
may be seen at the Asylum at :Hams ell. The Committee do not
bind themselves to accept the lowest Tender.

Dated the 10th of September, 1846.
' CHARLES WRIGHT, Clerk to the Visitors,

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PORTSMOUTH, FRIDAY.—The Court will remain at
Osborne, according to present arrangements, until the
20th instant.

The Lightning steam-vessel, Pettey, master, left yes-
terday for Devonport to attend upon the Lords of the
Admiralty._

The Gladiator steam-frigate, Captain Robb, went out
of harbour yesterday to try her engines and machinery.
We believe we are correct in stating that the result of
the late court of inquiry on board this ship is highly to
the credit of her gallant captain, who has been in no
way to blame for the number of desertions which have
taken place among the crew. The men who have run
were idle, wor:hless characters, and as such, we con-
gratulate Captain Robb on being easily and well rid of
them. Her trial trip yesterday turned out so well that
she was brought alongside the dockyard to-day, and
took on board the baggage of the head-quarters of the
74th Highlanders, who will embark to-morrow, and
leave for Scotland.

The royal yacht Victoria and Albert came into har-
bour yesterday to replenish fuel, &c.
The Raven cutter, Lieutenant Stephen, arrived this
moyaing from Chatham, with the marines and seamen
gunners of the North Star, 26, Captain Sir J. E. Home,
Hart.. just paid off at that port.
The Comet steam-vessel, Lieutenant [Commander
Johnston, left this afternoon with meal, and 80,0001. in
small coin for the relief of the Irish poor. She will
touch at all the ports on the coast before her return.
The engines of the Penelope, 22, steam-frigate, were
again tried, in trip reund the anchorage at Spithead this
afternoon, under the inspection of Messrs. Bellamy and
Murray, the Assistant-Master Attendant, and Chief
Engineer of this dockyard.
Rear-Admiral Hyde Parker, Superintendent of this
dockyard, struck his flag on board the Victory at sunset
last evening, and went on Admiralty leave for 14 days.
Tke Comus, 16, Commander Thompson, was at Obli-
gado in the Parana, all well, on the 16tk of May.
By the latest advices from New Zealand (11th of
April) we are informed that the Osprey, new 12-gun
brig, Commander Pattan, was totally wrecked on that
coast prior to the above date ; but whether any lives
have been lost we are uninformed. The Osprey was a
brig built at this port in 1844 by Mr. Blake, then master
shipwright of this dockyard, to compete with the first
batch of experimental brigs, a squadron of which soon
afterwards put to sea under the command in chief of
Captain A. L. Corry, in the Firebrand steam-frigate,
now of the Superb, 80.
The Fox, 42, Commodore Sir H. Blackwood, Bart.,
arrived at Madras, from a cruise, on the 14th of July.
The Pilot, 16, Commander Wilson, left Madras on the
20th of July, for Moulmein.
In Harbour—Excellent, Victory, Victoria and Albert,
Gladiator, Fairy, Black Eagle, and Echo, steamers;
Raven, cutter.

At Spithead—Recruit.
In the Basin—Amphitrite and Trincomalee.

In Dock—Prince. Regent, Edinburgh, Leander, Cam-
brian, Naiad, and. Rattlesnake.
DEVONPORT, SEPT.' 10.—The expected visit of the
Lords of the Admiralty has caused considerable activity
among the various naval establishments in this neigh-
bourhood. A sergeant's guard of Royal Marines, from
the division at Stonehouse, commenced duty in front of
Moorshead's Royal Hotel at three o'clock this afternoon;
and, to give early notice of their Lordships' arrival, an
artilleryman, under the orders of Colonel Oldfield, Royal
Engineers, was placed on the cliff which commands the
eastern entrance to Devonport from the same time until
sunset. Dinner was ordered at the Royal Hotel, to be
ready for nine persons at eight o'clock; but it was long
after that time before their Lordship's arrived. They
came in two carriages-and-four from Teignmouth. Lord
Auckland, the First Lord, was accompanied by Sir C.
Adam, Capt. Berkeley, Mr. Cowper, Mr. Ward, Capt.
Brandreth, and Capt. Eaden.
After inspecting her Majesty's dockyard to-morrow
(Friday), their Lordships proceed to lay the foundation-
stone of the Naval and Military Free School, King-street,
Devonport. In. the evening they are invited to meet a
large party at- hospitable table of Sir Samuel Pym,
G.C.8., Adinira -Superintendent of the dockyard.
On Saturday the Lords of the Admiralty lay the
foundation-stone of the important Government works at
Keyham. On this occasion the excavators and other
labourers engaged on the works will dine together on the
ground, under a large tent to be erected for that pur-
pose; the canvas for which, and the flags to adorn the
interior, have been drawn from the dockyard.
It is expected that upwards of 700 will sit down in
company, and their employer, Mr. Baker. the Govern-
ment contractor, has made ample provision for their
entertainment.

Each plate is to be provided with Ipb. of dressed
meat, a loaf of bread weighing 11b., and a pint of beer;
after which every man will have 11b. of plum-pudding,
and as much beer as he can drink. The band of the
Royal Marines will be in attendance.

On Monday their Lordships dine with Port-Admiral
Sir John Wert, at Mount Wise, after which, at the
Royal Hotel, they patronise a ball, fur the benefit of the
Female Orphan Asylum, at Stoke.
It is expected that their Lordships will leave Devon-
port the next day, Tuesday, the 15th inst.
CHATHAM, SEPT. 11.—The Mutine, 12 guns, in dock,
to be completed for sea, is expected to be commissioned
about the end of the present month.
The Southampton, 50 guns, in dock fitting for ordinary,
has been coppered, and will be put out of dock the next
spring tides.

The Cretcy, 80 guns, building. The workmen are busily
employed getting her floor timbers in place, and she is
fast progressing in that stage of erection.
The Gloucester, 50 guns, fitting for ordinary, will be
completed and put out of dock this month.
Arrived, the barque Aurora, J. H. Barker, master, from
Skien, with timber for the dockyard.
The Duck, Savage, master, is loading with stores for
Deal and Dover. The Goodwill, Pledge, master, is
loading for Sheerness. The Sinbad, Follett, master, is
loading for Woolwich.

THE DONCASTER CUP.—The piece of plate called
the " Cup," to be run for at the approaching Doncaster
races, was yesterday exhibited to a chosen few at the
establishment of Messrs. Hunt and Roekell, Bond-street.
It is a very elegant specimen of the art of modelling and
manufacturing miniature statues in silver. The group
has been modelled by Mr. Alfred Brown, under the di-
rection of Mr. Baily, the academician. To the first-
mentioned of these gentlemen the highest praise is due ;
be is a rising artist, and one of great promise. Of the
merits of the other gentleman it is superfluous to speak.
The group (an equestrian one) represents a passage in
the battle of Wakefield, Lord Clifford, of Cumberland,
overthrowing Richard Duke of York, of which an ac-
count is given by Sharon Turner, in his " History of
the Reign of Henry VI." The lance of Lord Clifford
has pierced the armour of the Duke, who is wounded in
the throat, end falls from his horse grasping his battle-
axe, with which he has in vain attempted to ward off
the fatal thrust. The horses are full of fire, the riders
are in complete mail, the aventules or beavers of their
helmets being movable, the features, which are charac-
teristic, can be seen at pleasure. The design is peculiarly
pure, there are few or no accessories beyond what the
group r, quires.
AWFULLY SUDDEN DEATH OF A COMMERCIAL
CLERK.—Last evening, at seven o'clock, an inquest was
taken by W. Carter, Esq., the Coroner for Surrey, at the
Brown Bear, Bridge•str, et, St. Saviour's, Southwark,
respecting the death of Mr. John Back, aged 43 years,
lately residing at No. 9, Keppel-street, Southwark-
bridge- road. It appeared from the evidence that the
deceased was a commercial clerk, in the service of Mr.
William Pegg, wholesale stationer, &c., of No. 90,
Upper Ground-street, Blaekfriars-road. The deceased
had been in good health for many years, and was always
in remarkably good spirits. On Tuesday morning last
he was sating in his employer's counting-house, making
out several accounts from the ledger, and while so en-
gaged he was seen to fall suddenly from the stool on
which he was sitting at the desk. Two of the workmen
who-were in the lower warehouse ran to his assistance,
and found him insensible. A surgeon was called in with
promptitude, but he was quite dead. The surgeon at-
tributed death to an attack of apoplexy.—The jury re-
turned a verdict of " Died from natural causes."

OMNIBUSES FOR THE MlLLlON.—Yesterday a more
than ordinary degree of curiosity was created at the
Bank of England and the Royal Exchange,. arising from
a number of omnibuses appearing at various intervals
during the day before these places, on which were placed
in large and legible characters the words, " From the
Bank to Hackney, 3d." On inquiry, it appeared that
latterly the Eastern Counties Railway have undertaken
to convey passengers to Tottenham and back for 6d.,
being a distance of ten miles, which has had the effect
of causing the omnibuses to perform the journey very
often with a solitary passenger. Whether it arose from
the novelty, or from other causes, the threepenny omni-
buses were speedily filled ; and it is stated, that if the
experiment should prove to be successful, the same scale
will be adopted with respect to the numerous suburban
points connected with the metropolis, while for distances
not exceeding one mile the charge will be reduced to one
penny.
KIRCALDY.—During the latter end of last week
several large boats came in here laden with herring, part
of which was sold to two curers at 10s. per cran, and the
rest sold in the town from ls. 4d. to 2s. per hundred,
I though not readily bought, from the want of potatoes.

periodical phenomena, both diurnal and annual, would of
itself form a science as extended as instructive. Re-
i'erring you to M. Quetelet's report for an explanation
of the dependence of the vegetable and animal kingdom
on the meteorology and physics of the globe, and Loping
that the simultaneous observations Ile inculcates will be
followed up in Britain, I am glad to be able to announce
hat the towline of a memoir on physical geography was
some months ago put into my hands by Mr. Cooley,
which, in a great degree coinciding with the system of
NI Quetelet, has ultimately a very diffl-rent object. M.
quetelet chiefly aims at investigating the dependence
of organized bodies on inorganized matter, by observing
the periodical phenomena of the former. Mr. Cooley
seeks to obtain an acquaintance with the same pheno-
nena for the sake of learning and registering compara-
tive climate as an element of scientific agriculture.
speaking to you in a county which is so mainly depen-
lent on the produce of the soil, I cannot have a more
-avourable opportunity for inculcating the value of the
suggestions of this British geographer. The complete
establishment of all the data of physical geography
•liroughout the British Islands ; i.e. the registration of
the mean and extremes of the temperature of the air and
of the earth ; the amount of conduction, radiation, mois
ture, and magnetism ; the succession of various phases
if vegetation, &c. (with their several local corrections
for elevation and aspect), must certainly prove conducive
to the interests of science, and are likely to promote
some material interests of our country."
The oration concluded with a complimentary welcome
of the foreign visitors, and Sir Roderick sat down amidst
great applause.
Lord PALMERSTON then rose, and said—Although,
gentlemen, upon the present occasion, there are assent-
sled in this room a great number of persons eminent for
their attainments in science, yet there are also many
who, like myself, are only humble admirers of the at-
tainments of others, professing to possess no knowledge
themselves of the matters in which those distinguished
individuals have attained their eminence. I trust it will
not be deemed presumption on my part, if, being one of this,
pet haps the most numerous part of those here assembled, I
venture to propose to you that we return our thanks to
our distinguished President of this day, for the admir-
able discourse with which he has explained to us the
objects of the meeting.—(Cheers.) It would be pre-
sumption indeed in me, gentlemen, if I were to endea-
vour to point out particularly to your attention the
many claims which our worthy President has established
to the gratitude and to the admiration of his fellow-
countrymen. It would be impossible for an) body more
adequately to point out to you those claims than he
has himself just dine, by a discourse which shows that,
however eminent he is in that particular department
of knowledge to which he has more particularly
directed his attention, he is equally versed in all
those departments of intellect and science in
which mankind have excelled ; that he has directed
his attention to the progress which other scientific
men have made, and that he is as capable of ex-
plaining to you the results of the researches of others, as
of himself contributing a valuable addition to the stock
of human knowledge.—(Hear, hear.) It must be gra
tifying indeed to us that the present meeting of this as-
sociation should be presided over by so competent a
chief ; and, however important may be the many other
ranges of science over which he has cast his rapid, glance
yet there surely can be none more interesting than that
particular department in which he has so successfully
laboured—that department by which he and others have
been enabled to interrogate our mother earth, to extort
from her the knowledge of what had passed in ages long
gone by, and to read in the traces which still remain of
former periods the history of antecedent hundreds and
thousands of years.—(Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, it is im-
possible to estimate too highly the importance of those
pursuits in honour of which, and in the prosecution of
which, this meeting is here assembled ; and it is diffi-
cult to estimate their value, so also it is almost impos-
sible for us to fix a limit to the progress which the
human mind may be destined to make. Each successive
step which mankind has made in the departments of
science has rendered simple that which was wonderful
before ; has added to our stock of knowledge facts
which, before they were ascertained, would have ap-
peared to be impossible, but which, when ascertained,
have not only contributed greatly to the con-
venience, advantage, and interests of the exist-
ing generation, but have laid the foundation for
future progress in similar investigations and discoveries.
Why, gentlemen, if any man in the earlier ages of
the world had told those timid mariners who went creep-
ing about from cape to cape, and from bay to bay, halt•
ing at night, and never losing sight of the land, that an
invention would be made by which, in the dead and
darkness of the night, men might traverse the trackless
ocean, directing their unerring course to the distant
regions to which they were bound, would he not have
been treated as a man indulging in the most chimerical
imaginations ? And yet that great invention is now so
identified with the practice and the memory of man, that
if you were to ask many of those who are in the daily
habit of using it they would hardly believe there was a
period when the knowledge and practiea of it had not
been enjoyed by men of their profession.--:(llear, hear.)
If, in the earlier periods of war, MEM had been told that
a time would come when the lightning and the thunder-
bolt
of heaven would be placed in the hands of armies
for the purposes for which they were assembled, they
would have thought that the people who told them so
were trifling with their credulity. And what would
have been said iu the earlier ages of Europe, if they had
been told that means would be discovered by which the
results of the learning and the thoughts of man would
be recorded with a precision and a rapidity which, to
them, would have seemed impossible; and that even the
discussions of such a meeting as this would, before the
dawn of the next morning, be travelling upon the
wings of the wind to every portion and every corner
of an extended empire ?—(Cheers.) Why, gentle-
men, we ourselves can remember the time when the
greater part of mankind would have scouted the notion
that you could infuse into a vessel an impelling force
which would defy the baffling of adverse winds and the
contending influence of adverse currents, and would
enable the mariner to reach the most distant portions of
the globe in defiance of the winds and the waves ; and
yet this great discovery has in our days been applied
extensively to the use of mankind, not only upon the
ocean, but even upon the land, and is now become a fa
miliar instrument to the minds of the most unlearned.
But, gentlemen, what would Warren Hastings, and
what would the great Clive have said, if, when they
were founding in the East that vast and magnificent
empire which now owns its connexion and subjection to
English rule, they had been told .that, in a few passing
years after they had established that great dominion, an
invention would be made which should render it
physically possible, if it were politically arranged, that
a Minister kettle House of Commons, interrogated upon
a question connected with India, might say to his inter-
rogating opponent, '° Have the goodness, sir, to repeat
your question at the end of half-an-hour, and in the in-
terval I will obtain an answer from the Governor-
General at Calcutta ?"—(Laughter and cheers.) Yet
that, I apprehend, is physically possible, by the late
discoveries of some of the distinguished men of science
of our day.—(Cheers.) What would have been said
by those men who first began with rude instruments
to examine the resplendent heavens, if they had been
told that a time would come when a great astro-
nomical instrument would be constructed by which
mankind should obtain a knowledge of the existence of
celestial bodies, whose light, it has been calculated by
astronomers, could not reach the small speck of earth
which we inhabit, in which the investigator dwells, in a
shorter period than 30,000,000 of years ? Why, Gen-
tlemen, these contemplations almost overwhelm the
powers of human imagination to conceive ; and yet
these are the results of human science—results which
we may hope to consider as only the first step of that
progress which mankind is hereafter destined to make,
and in which; no doubt, the world will be greatly bene-
fited and assisted by the labours of such institutions as
that of which my Hon. Friend is so worthy and distin-
guished a president. Gentlemen, these contemplations,
and these results of science, are not only useful as con-
ducing to the enjoyments and the prosperity of mankind,
but they must have a considerable and salutary effect
upon the minds of mankind. Is it possible that they
who are in the enjoyment of great and overweening
prosperity must not be brought to feel a more proper
sense of their position, when they see the utter insigni-
ficance of this globe as compared with the mighty uni-
verse which the telescope of Lord fosse unfolds to the
eye ?—(Hear, hear.) Is it possible that they who, on
the other hand, are broken by misfortunes, or bowed
down by affliction, should not find sources of resignation
and of patience in that sense, of which they are more
specially reminded by the great duration of time which
these astronomical phenomena occupy—a sense that the
small period of time during which they are destined to
suffer in this world is as insignificant, compared to that
eternity to which they belong, as is the grain of sand
which they tread upon that sea-shore, compared with
the earth which we inhabit, or the earth itself compared
with the mighty universe of which it forms so small and
insignificant a portion ?—(Hear.) Gentlemen, these
scientific investigations also tend to unite nations together.
—(Cheers.) They bring together men of different coun-
tries, embarked in similar pursuits, engaged in a rivalry
the most honourable in which mankind can embark ;
and I trust that the moro science is pursued, the nearer
we shall arrive at that period when mankind will
think the greatest glory consists in the advancement of
knowledge, and that the most honourable conquests
which nations can make are the conquests over the
secrets of nature.--(Hear, hear.) It is indeed, gratify-
ing to us to find, upon this occasion, gathered in this
our town that brilliant assemblage of distinguished fo-
reigners, whose names and whose titles of honour my
Hon. Friend has detailed in his address.—(Hear, hear.)
I trust that those illustrious foreigners will go back with
minds still more disposed, than even, as I am sure, at
the present moment they are, to feelin:2s of friendship
and regard for the British nation.—(Cheers.) I trust
that as men who have sailed in the same vessel or have
fought in the same ranks are attached to each other for
the rest of their lives, so those distinguished foreigners
who find themselves here among their fellow-comrades
in that honourable pursuit to which they devote their
faculties and their time, will have consolidated and in-
creased in their minds those friendly feelings towards
us, which we entertain so strongly towards them.—
(Cheers.) It is also most gratifying, I am sure, to you
all to see that this love of science is confined to no par-
ticular ranks; that from the lowest to the highest it en-

gages the attention and excites the energies of all classrs
in this country; and that while in every part of the
land we have institutions established, at which the lowest
mechanics devote their hours of leisure to the study of
these interesting topics, here, on the other hand, we
have the highest persons of the realm, the Consort of
the Queen—(Loud Cheers)—honouring this meeting
with his presence, testifying by that presence the in-
terest which he takes in these important pursuits, and
giving to the development of the national mind, and
to the encouragement of these national pursuits,
that support which cannot fail to be afforded by
his presence upon an occasion like this.—(Cheers.)
His presence, too, gentlemen, is an earnest that
he is not an indifferent spectator of the progress
of science in this country, but that devoting his own
energetic mind also to these pursuits—not indeed as the
business of a life, because that life is occupied by mat-
ters of a more active description—but making that the
enjoyment and amusement of his leisure, which in other
d yt
1,1
eh he
object
deer's' thatperh perhaps, object
ptmh ee
n t n f science,
coi
ef n oiNr
ho
iucsh s ti us
and end of our institution, the ornament as well as the
amusement of his life.— (Much cheering.) Gentlemen,
I trust that you will receive with that satisfaction which
I am sure the speech and address of my Hon. Friend.
the president, must have afforded you, the proposal
which I make, that you should vote him your thanks
for the gratifying manner in which he has explained to
you, not only the objects of our meeting, but the gene-
ral progress which has been made in the different
branches of science.—(Cheers.)
The Marquis of NORTHAMPTON briefly seconded the
motion, and congratulated the society on its possession
of a president who had attracted, as a star, the Consort
of our Queen.

The CHAIRMAN, in returning thanks, informed the
association that Prince Albert had announced his inten-
tion of actively participating in their pursuits by attend-
ing the " sections."—(Cheers.)
The meeting then, shortly before eleven o'clock, ter-
minated. Prince Albert remained for some minutes on
the platform, conversing with Professor Oi;rsted and
other distinguished scientific men ; some of the new
gun-cotton was exhibited to his Royal Highness. He
then proceeded to the Fairy, and crossed the water for
Osborne House immediately. The utmost attention and
respect were paid to him by the Mayor and authorities
of the town.

The sections were very much better attended this
morning. What was dune will be seen from the sub-
joined list :

SECTION A.—MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
Challis, Professor—Provisional report on the present
state of astronomy.
Stokes, Mr. G: G.—Report on recent researches in
hydrodynamics.

Brewster, Sir D.—On a new property of light as ex.
hibited in the action of chrysamonate of potash on com-
mon and polarized light.
Powell, Professor—On elliptic polarization.
Dale, Mr.—On elliptic polarization.
Ditto—On the duration of vibrations.
Brown, J. Allen—On magnetic observations made at
Sir T. M. Brisbane's Observatory, Makerstoun.
Hopkins, Mr.—On the relations of the semidiurnal
movements of the barometer to daily sea and land
breezes.

SECTION 8.-CHYMICAL SCIENCE, INCLUDING ITS AP-

PLICATION TO AGRICULTURE 'AND THE ARTS.
Grove, Mr. W. R., F.R.S.— On the decomposition of
water into its constituent gases by heat.
Daubeny, Dr.—On the rationale of certain practices
employed in agriculture.
Way, Professor—On the cause of fairy rings.
Joule, J. P.—Playfair, Dr. Lyon—On the expansion
of salts.
Meade, Dr. J.—Notices of experiments in thermo-
electricity.

Knowles, E. R. J.—On a singular appearance in the
flame of a candle.

Dr. Daubeny's paper detailed the principles on which
dressing land with quick lime differed from chalking, by
disengaging the alkalies from the materials of the primi-
tive rock, including also the volcanic, and thus furnishing
what is wanting to vegetation in argillaceous soils, which
the application of chalk does not produce ; of course
this is not applicable to caleareous soils. Gypsum also
furnishes the means of eliminating the dormant princi-
ples of soils ; but, of necessity, all who intend to deter-
mine the applicability of particular agents to restore
activity to a soil apparently worn out, must attend to
the chymical analysis of that soil.
Mr. PRIDEAUX stated some experiments on the Dart-
moor granite, t: Elated on this principle, by which they
had facilities on the spot for producing abundance of
alkali. He remarked that the roots of plants generally
were acid, and hence he inferred the necessity of alkaline
earth for their growth. Some plants were benefited by
soda, but most by potash; they, of course, flourish most
with the particular alkali which suited them. With
respect to one observation of Dr. Daubeny that gypsum
appeared to be most beneficial to leguminous plants, he
thought that it would be proved to be a fact, that applied
to the leaves of plants it became converted into carbonate
of lime ; some 'parts of plants were acid and others
alkaline, and the object in view with chymists was to
supply either to the plant or its roots, what it required
for its development. _

The questtonwas asked, if by high manuring, the
growth of wheat, for example, was rank and luxuriant—
the stalk was invariably weak, and it was sure to be laid
—how could the stalk be strengthened?
Mr. PRIDEAUX replied that the best mode he knew of
stiffening the stem was by furnishing the plant with
silicate of potash.
Mr. SPOONER spoke of the use of supersulphate of lime,
and other salts, and of the errors of agriculturists in
using, at hazard, lime or chalk, or other ingredients,
which frequently failed from misapplication ; and he
introduced some diseased turnips as, in his opinion, the
result of something wrong,in the soil.
The Bishop of NORWICH said, probably it would turn
out that the diseased turnips introduced rather an ento-
mological than a chymical question, and depending on
electrical causes, which might also be the case with the
potato disease. _ _

Professor DAUBENY replied that he thought the weak
acid of roots, such as the ascetic, ought not to be com-
pared with the sulphuric or strong acids, advised by him
to bring the dormant ingredients of soils into activity.
Professor GROVE detailed the particulars of his com-
munication to the Royal Society on the decomposition
of water by heat only, which gave rise to a discussion on
this prinAple as explaining the case of the bursting of
boilers of steam-engines, but which he considered inap-
plicable (as did the Chairman). Professor Playfair sus-
pected that some chymical change in the constitution of
the water took place, which the Professor strongly
combatted.

Dr. LEESON drew attention to the subject of steam
boilers, which he thought favoured the non-decomposi-
tion principle, as he had observed no evidence of the
oxydation of the metal of the fractured part (as we un-
derstood). It was generally considered to depend more
on spheroidal repulsion of bodies. Professor Faraday
appeared to concur in this view.
Dr. J. READE produced an apparatus to explain the
effect of heat in producing a deviation, and also a rota-
tion of the compass needle. The mode pursued was by
placing a suspended needle in the focus of a copper re-
flector; and on placing a disc on the one side or the
other, so as to throw the heat to either pole; so was the
needle deflected on lighting a spirit lamp. It was stated
by the Chairman to arise from currents, and not from
thermal electricity, which seemed probable.
Professor Way's paper on Fairy Rings attributed the
appearance to seeds with a tendency to grow outwards.
A member considered them to arise from Fungi, and an
interesting discussion ensued ; one Learned Gentleman
was of opinion that the rings arose from lightning, and
another combatted the opinions of seeds producing at
least an extension of the rings from the fact of his having
dug a trench six inches deep around one, which never-
theless appeared beyond it.
SECTION C.—GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Ibbetson, Captain 8., and Forbes, Professor E.—On
the vertical tertiary strata of White-cliff',; Bay, Isle of
Wight.

lirestwieb, Mr.—On the occurrence of cypris, at Ham-
stead-cliff, near Yarmouth.

Fitton, Dr.—Observations on the arrangement and
nomenclature of seine of the subcretaceous strata.
Buckman, Mr. James—Notes on the Silurean beds, at
Hay-head, near Barr Beacon, Staffordshire.
ibbetson, Captain—On the oolitic sections of tho Great
Western Railway.
Jukes, J. 13., F.G.S.—Notice of some tertiary rocks
in the islands stretching from Java to Timor.
Ditto—Sketch of the geological structure of Australia.
SECTION D.—ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY.
This section had a very long list before it.