The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-07 00:00:00

TH.g SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENIWG, JULY 7, 1846.

MAGAZINES CONTINUED.

HEATH'S GALLERY OF BRITISH EN-
GRAVINGS. Partv X. and XI.

Portrait, landscape, and domestic or incidental en-
gravings, are here collected together, with fly-leaves of
appropriate letterpress. Mr. Charles Heath, in su-
perintending this publication, is by no means
injuring his reputation ; on the contrary, each
engraving is worthy of this age of advancement in
the fine arts. Lady Charles Beauclerk and the Mar-
chioness of Douro—one the beauty of hilarity, the other
of pensiveness—have faces delightful to contemplate;
and their portraits are here given with an air of
extreme naturalness.

PICTORIAL GALLERY OF ARTS. Part XVIIL

From its profusion of wood-cuts, and its useful com-
pilation of antiquarian matter, this periodical is wholly
apart from rivalry. It is extraordinary how so much
excellence can be produced for three groats.

the legislative adoption of free trade, concede to its
bitterest antagonists the meed to which they are so
fully entitled ; we must give them credit, as we have
already elsewhere done, for the display of extraordinary
abilities. No one could listen to the impassioned and
sometimes lofty oratory of Lord Stanley in the pas-
sage of the Corn Importation Bill through the Upper
House, without regret that such rhetorical brilliancy
and fervour of mind should be squandered away upon a
theme so ineffably worthless ; nor could any dispas-
sionate man listen to the sarcastic and even witty vitu-
perations of Mr. Disraeli without a hope that that
honourable gentleman would ultimately perceive the
fallacy of his present opinions, and the glaring invidi-
ousness of his personalities to Sir Robed Peel. Al-
though there was something sinister in the language
then used by Mr. Disraeli, sNe trusted that that charac-
teristic of his proceedings as a debater would be, in the
end, dissipated ; and we could not acknowledge to our-
selves the possibility that the House would in his
instance (as he erroneously anticipated it would to the
then Premier) " seal with the stigma of parliamentary
reprobation the catastrophe of a sinister career !" We
could not acknowledge to ourselves the possibility of
such an occurrence ; nor can we now. We are fain to
augur better things for Mr. Disraeli, because we long to
behold his undoubted talents turned to their right use.
Now that the political world is emerging from storms
and turmoils, opportunities will present themselves for
redeeming his recent blunders. As the working of a
free-trade system developes itself the Protectionists will
behold their error—their peevishness will subside, and
their animosities die away. The author of " Sybil " and
"Coningsby" will, we hope, triumph in the end over the
assailant of that great Patriot and Statesman, Sir
Robert Peel. The Oxford and Cambridge Review ap-
pears to have renovated its strength under the auspices
of Lord John Manners.

PRODUCTION OF COAL IN THE
DIFFERENT STATES OF EUROPE.
After iron there is certainly no produce of the mineral
kingdom which exercises a greater influence on our com-
mercial relations than coal.
The following is a statistical sketch of the produce of
that article in the different countries of Europe:—
England possesses the richest veins of coal, both as
regards quality and quantity; they form a line from the
south-west to north-east. In Northumberland and
Durham, from the Tweed to the Tees, coal abounds at
Whitehaven, in the hills of Cumberland, in Yorkshire.
and in Lancashire. The most abundant mines are in
Wales.

The consumption of coal in England and in exports- 1
tion is so great, that it has often been asked if the mines
would be exhausted; but, according to calculations made
in proportion to the present consumption, they could not
be exhausted under 1500 years—the yearly consump-
tion in Great Britain is 20,000,000 to 21,000,000 tons.
The exportation increased in the following propor-
tions:—ln 1830, 505,421 tons; in 1832, 588,450 tons; in
1834, 621,256 tons ; in 1836, 1,101,000 tons ; in 1838,
1,413,800 tons ; in 1840, 1,162,300 tons ; in 1842,
2,120,000 tens; and in 1844, 2,410,000 tons.
The number of miners exceeds half a million.
English coal is to be had in every part of the civilised
world; there are depots at Rio Janeiro, at Odessa, at
Archangel, and at Constantinople.
France does not produce enough coal for her own con-
sumption, and is obliged to import. She possesses 250
mines, of which 182 are worked, and which rendered in
1844, 72,000,000 cwt. of coals, to the value of 21,000,000 f.
(840,0001.) The produce is increasing, as in 1815 they
only rendered 17,000.000 cwt. ; 40,000 men are em-
ployed in the mines, and traffic belonging to them ,• in
1842, the importation of coal into France amounted to
16,718,328 cwt.
France imports her coal from Belgium, England, and
the Prussian provinces on the Rhine.
Spain draws but slight profit from her abundant
mines. The principal mine is in the Sierra Morena—
the produce is not known. They import but little. In
some of the principal Spanish ports there are depots of
English coal for the steamers.
In Portugal there are depots at Figuiers, at Coimbra,
and near Oporto.
The principal mines of Italy, which produce annually
from 149,000 to 150,000 cwt., are in the Savoy, and near
Genoa. The others scattered over the Penninsula are
of little value, and there are depots of English coal in
the principal ports.
Belgium possesses immense mineral riches ; in this
country production increases. In 1831, the produce
amounted to 42,800,000 cwt., and in 1844, it reached
84,232,420. In 1844, the exportation amounted to
1,050,000 tons, a value of about six million florins
(600,0001.)
Holland has no coal mines. There is a single mine in
the county of Limberg. They import all their coal from
England, Belgium, and the Prussian provinces.
Switzerland, though rich in metals, has very little coal,
and imports a quantity from England. The only mine
of any value in this country is at Hochefeld: in 1845, it
produced 514,969 cwt.
Norway has no coal mines. In Russia the production
of coal does not exceed 800,000 punds. It seems that
between the Don and the Dnieper, and in Siberia, there
are rich coal mines, and the Government are now taking
measures to turn them to account.
Denmark has one insignificant mine at Bornholm, and
imports nearly all her coal from England.
Austria is rich in coal mines, but the produce is not
in proportion with the number of her mines The an-
nual produce of coal in Austria is at least 12,000,000
evrts.; in 1843 it did not exceed 9,000,000. Of this
amount Bohemia produces about one-half; Moravia,
2,000,000; Austria, 1,500,000; Styria, 1,000,000; Ca-
rinthia and the districts of Ogragno, a little more than
500,000; Hungary, 600,000; the coast lands (Kusten-
land), 600,000; Galicia, 3,000; Lombardy, a very small
quantity.
Coal mines exist in nearly every province of the mo-
narchy. In Bohemia there are veins of this mineral all
along the river Beraun, in the north of the districts of
Klattan, Pisen, and Rakovitz, to the neighbourhood of
Prague. There are coal mines in the Erzgebirge, in the
valleys of the Eger and the Biela, and at the loot of the
Riessengeberge. from Schatzlar to Landskron.
The principal mines of Moravia are in the district of
Brunr, near Rossitz and Oflovan, and the coal near the
mouth of the Oder is of a superior quality. In the
Archduchy there are mines near Wieper, Neustadt,
Klingeufurt, Grunbuch, and Gloggnitz ; in Styria, near
Leoben, and Fohnsdorf ; in Carinthia, in the valley of
the Levan, and in the neighbourhood of Prevail ; in
Dalmatia ; in Lombardy, in the districts of Como and
Pavia • in Tyrol, near Haring ; and in Hungary, in the
Carpathian Mountains.
In 1814, Austria exported 973,065 cwt., of which
703,262 cwt. were sent from Bohemia by the Elbe to
Saxony, 25,433 cwt. to Turkey, 23,210 cwt. to Southern
Germany, and 20,542 cwt. to Prussia.
Prussia possesses 540 coal mines, giving employment
to 25,000 workmen. The produce, in 1844, amounted to
53,000,000 cwt., or a value of 4,500,000 dollars (675,0001.).
In 1841, Prussia imported 3,865,944 cwt., principally
from England. Her exportation was 6,903,474, to Hol-
land, France, and Poland.
In Bavaria the produce is not what it might be; there
are 40 extensive coal mines, principally in her Rhenish
provinces; the produce is about 1,200,000 cwt.
In Saxony the mines are worked with zeal; the pro-
duce amounts to about 4,000,000 cwt.
There are extensive mines near the forest of Thuringen.
The Grand Duchy of Baden possesses some valuable
coal mines.
o:ileHne
kierltsethseneebm,
ub theMecklenburg
kingdom of Hanover there are coal mines
which occupy more than 1,000 workmen.
of
w
n respect.o
Grand Duchies
t possessT he
coal Grand
oal Dm ui
nc
hy
gaDinsud pooroiyoi
fnNassau,
Olembourg
the
es.
In the Electorate of Hesse there are some valuable mines,
producing annually about 900,000 cwt.
Generally speaking, the production of coal in Europe
is susceptible of being greatly developed, especially in
some parts of the Austrian dominions. It is true that
during the last few years much has been done, but there
is still much more to do.
The produce of coal in Europe amounts annually, on
a rough calculation, to 120,000,000 florins, or 12,000,0001.
sterling.—Austrian Lloyd's Gazette.

Some disturbances took place on the 30th ult., at
Verdun, in consequence of tha populace being irritated
against the bakers for raising the price of bread. The com-
mandant has since received permission from the Minister of
War to place at the disposition of the bakers part of the
military stores ; and the mayor has publiabad a proclama-
tion declaring that measures have been taken by the muni-
cipal authorities in favour of the indigent classes.
NEATH.—OUTRAGE ON A MEDICAL GENTLEMAN.—
Between the hours of twelve and one o'clock on the night of
Saturday last Mr. Evan Leyson, surgeon, of Neath, was
travelling on horseback on the turnpike-road near Cadoxton,
on his return after having visited a patient, when he was
attacked by five men, who assaulted him most violently.
After having been severely beaten, Mr. Leyson called out,
entreating them to desist, at the same time observing that
he had but one eye, and if they persisted in their brutality
much longer they might deprive him of the other. On this
the parties appeared to recognise him, for one of them ex-
claimed, " Oh, it is Mr. Leyson." All then instantly de.
camped. Mr. Leyson, who had sustained considerable, but
we are happy to learn not severe injuries, returned to the
Green Dragon public-house, Cadoxton, and in the course of
a short time managed to get home. It is evident the parties
bad mistaken Mr. Leyson for some other person, on whom
they had intended wreaking their vengeance. Various
rumours are current in reference to their identity, but as no
certain clue has been obtained, it would not be prudent to
refer more in detail to the reports which are in circulation.—.
Cambrian.
SELF-ACTING BALL.—We have been informed that
Mr. F. Stone, watchmaker, of Cardiff, has invented a self-
acting ball, that will run on a level, and keep in motion for
an indefinite number of (say 1,000) years, and that the in-
ventor feels confident he could construct one of a ton weight,
on the same principle, to run any distance.—Bristol Mercury.
A PUBLIC HOUSE TAKEN BY BEES.--On Friday
an unusually large swarm of bees, either from accident or de-
sign, alighted on the top of a chimney at Mr. Paskin's,
Royal Oak Inn, Brierly-hill, and appeared to make an at-
tempt to settle. However, in a few seconds, the bulk of the
living mass went down the chimney into a bed-room, where
two fmales were busily engaged at their toilette, who, as
might be supposed, were dreadfully terrified at the formida-
ble appearance of their unbidden guests; one of them, we
are sorry to say, was much injured from the stings of the
intruders as she attempted to escape. The house was de-
serted in a few seconds, and the landlord in vain offered
various sums of money to any one who could rid the pre•
raises of his unprofitable customers.— Worcestershire Guardian.
HERTFORD FAlR.—This fair was opened yesterday
for the sale of stock, free of all tolls. Cattle brought in was
limited, and the prices rather on the decline. The business
was chiefly confined to lean cattle and horses. Beasts for
grazing ranged from 10/. to 13/. a head, and some Scotch
runts sold at 71. and 91. each. Cows to calve down went as
low as 9/. and 11/. a head, and heifers Si. and 9/. Good much
cows, large framed, fetched from 12 to 15 guineas, the small
calf inclusive. In the horse-field. good sound cart horses
sold at prices varying from 16 to 18 and 20 guineas each, and
nags of the best description fetched from 16 to 18 guineas.
The pig pens were scantily filled.
The Lynn demonstration to Lord George Bentinck
is said to be fixed for the fifth of August, and it is fur-
;hex 004 Pt the zui 0 Oxford has elfirild to pregio.

COURT CIRCULAR.

The Queen held a Court and Privy Council yesterday
at Buckingham Palace.
Sir Robert Peel had an audience of her Majesty.
The Earl of Aberdeen had an audience of the Queen,
and resigned his seals of office as one of her Majesty's
Principal Secretaries of State.

The Earl Delawarr had an audience of her Majesty.

Lord Lyndhurst (who came attended by Mr. Perry,
his Lordship's principal Secretary) delivered the Great
Seal to his Sovereign.
The Earl of Haddington had an audience of the Queen
and resigned the Privy Seal.
Sir James Graham had an audience of her Majesty,
and resigned his seals of office as one of the Principal
Secretaries of State.

The Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone had an
audience of the Queen, and resigned his seals of office
as one of her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State.
The Right Hon. Henry Goulburn had an audience of
her Majesty, and resigned his seal of office as Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer.

Inrd Granville Somerset had an audience of the Queen,
and resigned his seal of office as Chancellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster.
After the departure of Sir R. Peel, the Earls of Aber-
deen and Haddington, Lord G. Somerset, Lord Lyndhurst,
Sir J. Graham, and Messrs. Goulburn and Gladstone,
the new Ministers assembled at the Palace.
Lord John Russell had an audience of the Queen.
Lord Cottenham had an audience of her Majesty and
kissed hands on being appointed Lord Chancellor.
Lord Campbell had an audience, and had the honour
to kiss hands on being appointed Chancellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster.
The Marquis of Lansdowne had an audience of the
Queen, and kissed hands on being appointed Lord Pre-
sident of the Council.

The Queen held a Privy Council. It was attended
by his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Marquis of
Lansdowne, Lord Cottenham, the Earl of Minto, Lord
John Russell, Earl Grey, Viscount Palmerston, Sir
George Grey, Lord Campbell, Earl of Auckland, Earl
of Besborough, Lord Morpeth, Marquis of Anglesey,
Sir John Hobhouse, Marquis of Clanricarde, the Right
Hon. T. B. Macaulay, the Earl of Clarendon, and the
Right lion. Fox Maule.
Lord Cottenham was sworn into office as Lord Chan-
cellor, and received from the Queen the Great Seal.
Ti.e Marquis of Lansdowne was declared by the
Queen in Council Lord President of the Council.
The Earl of Minto was sworn into office as Lord Privy
Seal, and received his seal of office from the Queen.
Her Majesty in Council was pleased to declare the
Right Hon. John William, Earl of Besborough, Lieu-
tenant-General and General Governor of that part of the
United Kingdom called Ireland.
The Queen having been pleased to appoint the Right
Hon. Henry Earl Grey, the Right Hon. Henry Viscount
Palmerston, and the Right Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart.,
to be her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, they
were by command of the Queen sworn into office.
Lord Campbell was sworn into office as Chancellor of
the Duchy of Lancaster.
The Queen in Council was pleased to appoint the
Right Hon. George Earl of Clarendon, to be President of
the Committee of Council, appointed for the considera-
tion of all matters relating to trade and foreign planta-

ions.

The Most Noble Francis Duke of Bedford and Mr.
Charles Wood were, by command of the Queen, sworn
of her Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, and
took their respective places at the Board. The Right
Hon. Charles Wood received from the Queen his seal of
office as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and had the
honour to kiss hands.

----
The Marquis of Anglesey, K.G., kissed hands on
being appointed Master General of the Ordnance.
The Hon. William Bathurst was the Clerk of the
Council in Waiting.
After the Council, Sidi Ahmed, Envoy Extraordinary
from the Pacha of Tunis, was presented to-the Queen at
an audience by Viscount Palmerston, her Majesty's
principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
Her Majesty gave audience to Lord John RusselL
Mr. Dawson, Clerk of the Council, and Registrar of
the Duchy of Lancaster, was in attendance at the Court
on Lord Campbell.
On the Lord Chancellor (Cottenham) leaving her
Majesty's presence, the purse containing the Great Seal
was carried before him by Mr. Haines, who held the
same official situation under his Lordship when in office
before.
The Court was attended by the Lord Steward, the
Lord Chamberlain, the Master of the Horse, the Groom
of the Stole to Prince Albert, the Vice-Chamberlain,
the Captain of the Yeoman Guard, the Treasurer of the
Household, the Comptroller of the Household, Viscount
Hawarden, Lord in Waiting ; and Mr. R. Ormsby Gore,
(GwroeodmneisndaWy)aiting
afternoon,
p a rat
yt Buckingham
yesterday,
iantghhaalmf -
'icy Majesty will hold a Privy Council to-morrow
paTsthteworoo;ealoledkinner
Palace, included her Royal Highness the Duchess of
Kent, his Serene Highness the Brince of Leiningen, his
Excellency Sidi Ahmed, Envoy Extraordinary from the
Pacha of Tunis, Captain Sidi Ahmed, Ben Turkia
(A.D.C.), Meyer the Chevalier Raffo (interpreter),
Lady Augusta Bruce, Baroness de Speth, Earl Dalawarr,
and Viscount Palmerston.

The band of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards
attended during dinner, under the direction of Mr.
Tutton, and performed the following pieces :-
0 verture—" Nabucodonosar"—Verdi.
Pot Pourri—Zubiner.
Selection—"Ernani"—Verdi.
Pot Pourri—" Nationale"—Lanner.
Overture—" Stradella"--Flottow.
The Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal visited
the Duchess of Kent yesterday.
After the Privy Council yesterday afternoon, Lord
John Russell attended at his official residence as First
Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Sir George
Grey (Secretary), and Sir William Somerville (Under-
Secretary), attended at the Home-office. The Marquis
of Lansdowne attended at the Council-office. Earl
Grey attended at the Colonial-office. The Right Hon.
Charles Wood attended at his office as Chancellor of the
Exchequer, in Downing-street. The Earl of Clarendon
attended at the Board of Trade. Mr. Henry Tufnell aad
Mr. Parker (Secretaries), attended at the Treasury.
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited the
Duchess of Kent yesterday.
Sir Robert Peel returned to his residence in White•
hall -gardens at an early hour yesterday from Drayton
Manor.
The Commissioners of Metropolitan Improvements
had a meeting yesterday. There were present Vis-
count Canning, the Lord Mayor, Mr. Hope, Sir R.
Inglis, Sir C. Lemon, Hon. C. Gore, and Mr. Milne.
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a
Committee-meeting yesterday. There were present the
Bishops of London, Bath and Wells, and Lichfield, the
Earl of Devon, and the Right Hon. H. Hobhouse.
The Right Hon. H. Goulburn returned to town yes-
terday morning from Cambridge.
Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-
office, from the Governors of the West India Colonies.

FRENCH PLAYS, ST. JAMES'S

THEATRE.

It was expected that last evening Mademoiselle Rachel
would have made her debut in the character of Camille
in Coraeille's tragedy of Horace. Mr. Mitchell, we
believe, was in anxious expectation of the arrival of
Madame Rachel until a late hour in the afternoon, when
he received information that she had been taken sud-
denly ill at Lille, where she was fulfilling an engage-
ment. This cruel disappointment was announced to the
public by the following placard, which was posted on the
door of the theatre.

" St. James's Theatre, Monday, July 6.
" Mr. Mitchell much regrets to announce that in con•
sequence of the
SUDDEN ILLNESS OF MADLLE. RACHEL,

the performances advertised for this evening must be
unavoidably, deferred. The certificate announcing
Mademoiselle Rachel's illness is dated from Lille an
signed by

" M. MAILLOT, Medecin en Chef de
l'Hopital de Lille.
" M. LEONARD, Docteur en Medicin
de la Faculte de Paris.
" And countersigned by
" M. PAILLARD, Make de la Ville de Lille.

" The indulgence of the subscribers and the public
is in consequence respectfully solicited."
Mademoiselle Dejazet, and M. Lafont, were, how-
ever, at hand, and Mr. Mitchell was fortunately en-
abled to avail himself of their services. For the per-
formances advertised there were substituted Le Chevalier
du Guct, with Lafont and Cartigny. La Lisette de
Beranger, a scene acted by Mademoiselle Dejazet.
The second act of Gentil Bernard, with Mademoiselle
Dejazet, and M. Lafont, and the farce of Passe Minuit.
with Cartigny and Tourtois. Never did the several
artistes act better, and the audience seemed well pleased
that an opportunity had been afforded them :of again
seeing the fascinating Dejazet in two of her favourite
characters. The illness of Mdlle. Rachel, and the con-
sequent extra representation of Mdlle. Dejazet last
evening, will cause no alteration in the performances an-
nounced for Mr. Mitchell's benefit on Wednesday, when
Mdlle. Dejazet will perform for the last time this
season.

RAVENSNEST ; OR, THE RED SKINS. BY J. FENI-
MORE COOPER, Esq.—We are requested to state that this
new romance by the celebrated author of " The Pilot,"
" The Spy," &c. (the publication of which has been so long
and anxiously looked for), is published this day by Mr.
Bentley, of New Burlington-street, and may now be had at
every library, in three vols. post, Bvo. The following new
works of fiction have also been just published by Mr.
Bentley :-2. The Debutante ; or, the London Season, by
Mrs. Gore, 3 vols.-3. Second Love. From the Note-book
of a Traveller, 3 vols.-4. Memoirs of a Femme de Chambre,
by the Countess of Blessington, 3 vols.-5. Belford Regis, by
Miss Mitford, forming the New Volume of " The Standard
Novels and Romances," one vol. 6s.
THE FIRE AT NEWFOUNDLAND.—The losses sustained
by the principal London insurances offices, particularly the
Phcenix, London, Imperial, Royal Exchange, and Sun, by
the recent fearful conflagration at Newfoundland, exceed, it
109,01 n

On July 5, 1840 ...
f f ft 1841 .
_ _ ••

1842 ...

1843 ...
f t f t
1844 ...
ft FP
PP 1845
/t 1846 ...

12,445
12,881
13,100
13,820
14,638
15,724
16,729
J. FINNEY, Se,

£243,469
260,852
275,072
305,383
340,509
356,265
346,977
:cretary and Actuary.

A SHOWER OF FROGS !—During the heavy thunder-
storm of last week a shower of frogs fell from one of the sur-
charged clouds over the Humber; several dropped on the
decks of vessels navigating the river, and a portion of the
coast near Killiugholme Lights was, for a time, covered by
myriads of these strange arrivals.—Hull Packet.
THE LIVERPOOL BANKS.—The dividends of the Liver-
pool banks are as follows :—Liverpool Banking Company, for
the half-year ending the 30th ult., 71. per cent. per annum ;
Union, at the rate of eight per cent. per annum ; Royal
13aulF, 54 per ellaTe.