The Sun.
London, England, 1846-04-02 00:00:00

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.

LONDON, APRIL I.—Wind this day at noon S.W., light breeze,
with rain.
PLYMOUTH, MARCH 31. —Wind S.W., strong.—Arrd. Druid, Thomas,
Barbadoes.
LIVERPOOL, MARCH 31.—Wind S.--Sld. Helena, Helton, Shanghae ;
Chilena, Wylie, Singapore ; Highlander, Wheeler, Lima ; Polly,
Birnie, Lima; Francis Barclay, Matthew, Valparaiso; Pauline,
Jenson, St. Thomas ; Shakspeare, Henderson, Charleston ; Halcyon,
Patten, Philadelphia; Reliance, Briggs, Staten Island, and St. John's,
New Brunswick; Sir H. Huntley, Grant, Halifax; Sarah Barclay,
Montreal; Rifleman, Hall, Harbor Grace. Off port, Sandersons,
Naffs, Sylph, Kestrel, Adonis, and Pomona.
SHIELDS, MARCH 29.—S1d. Aphelia Wright, Wright, Quebec, 30.
Crown, Quebec. 31. Satisfaction, Quebec ; Hewson, Howson, St.
John's, New Brunswick.
PENZANCE, MARCH 31.—The Elizabeth, of Bridgewater, got on
shore on the August this morning, was hove off, and into the Mount.
DONAGHEDEE, MARCH 28.—The Mary, Murphy, from Cardiff to
Glenarn, got on shore on Copeland Island yesterday, but assisted off
at high water and proceeded. The Dora, M'Ghie, from the Clyde to
Wexford, wer.t on shore at Ballyferris Point this morning, but came
off at high water and proceeded.
LEITH, MUCH 31.—The Oberon, Adie, from Lynn to St. Andrew's,
New Brunswick, foundered at sea 10th inst. ; crew saved, and landed
at South 131st. The Stirlinghill, of this pert, sprung a leak at sea
20th inst., and was rim on shore near Cape Wrath the following day.
DEAL, MARCH 31.—Wind S.E., moderate.—Arrd. Eliza, Lepkes,
Surinam, and sailed for Amsterdam. Arrd. from the River, and
sailed, Amy Ann, Storey, Quebec.
GUERNSEY, MARCH 30.—Sid. Laura, Le Messaurier, Havannah.
BmsToL, MARCH 31.—Wind N.W., light.—Arrd. Mary Ann, Cum-
ming, Calcutta. Sld. Wilhelmina, Samson, Calla* ; Maria, Balsdon,
Barbadoes.
NEWPORT, MARCH 31.--Sid. Kron Prinz, Manner, Havannah.
SWANSEA, MARCH 31.—Sid. Major-General Sir W. Nett, Cuba.
DUBLIN, MARCH 28.—Christianea, Branston, Quebec.
CARRICKFERGUS, MARCH 28.—Arrd. Broderick, Mamiltoa, for
Lame, assisted in with damage, having been in contact.
ABERDEEN, MARCH 21.-51 d. Pacific, Reid, Davis' Straits.
ALLoA, MARCH 26.—Sid. Pomona, Templeton,

THE GAUGE QUESTION.
The Appendix to the Report of the Gauge Commissioners
containing the evidence taken before them, will form a thick
folio volume of nearly 400 pages. Forty witnesses were
examined. many of them more than once. This number in-
cluded almost every individual eminent in the railway world,
either as an engineer or a manufacturer of locomotives, a
manager, a secretary, a carrier, or an amalgamator. The fol-
lowing will be found the only correct list yet published, and
will give some idea of the mass of information on which the
Commissioners founded their report. For eonvenisnce of com-
parison, the list has been divided into—" In favour of the
narrow gauge, with national uniformity ;" " In favour of the
broad gauge, with break of gauge ;" "In favour of an inter-
mediate gauge."
IN FAVOUR OF NARROW GAUGE AND UNI-
FORMITY.
1. Robert Stephenson, civil engineer and manufacturer of
locomotives (son of George Stephenson, the inventer of rail-
way locomotion ).
2. Joseph Locke, civil engineer (who completed the Grand
Junction Railway).
3. James Edward M'Connell, superintendent of the loco-
motive department on the Birmingham and Gloucester Rail-
way.
4. J. U. Rastrick, engineer of the Brighton Railway.
5. Albinus Martin, resident engineer and superintendent
of the South-Western Railway.
6. Captain J. M. Laws, general manager of the Leeds and
Manchester Railway.
7. John Braithwaite, chief engineer of the Eastern Coun-
ties (adopted narrow gauge in lieu of 5 feet gauge).
8. Captain William O'Brien, secretary of the South-Eastern
Railway.

9. Thomas Buckton, secretary to the Brighton Railway.
10. Thomas C. Mills, manager of the goods department at
the London and Birmingham Railway.
11. George P. Bidder, civil engineer, on branches of the
London and Birmingham, and a friend of R. Stephenson.
12. George Bodmer, locomotive manufacturer.
13. William Fernihough, superintendent of Eastern Coun-
ties locomotives.

14. Wyndham Harding, late manager of the Bristol and
Gloucester Railway.
15. Captain Mark Huish, general manager of the Grand
Junction and Liverpool and Manchester.
16. Benjamin W. Horne, carrier, and partner with Mr
Chaplin.

li. Evan Jones, agent for Chaplin and Horne, carriers, at
Camden station.

18. Thomas Whitaker, civil engineer.
19. Richard Creed, secretary to the London and Birming-
ham Railway.

20. Peter Clarke, manager of the Brighton Railway.
21. Janes Brown Head, of Sir Robert Price's iron and coal
works

22. W. James Chaplin, chairman of the South-Wastetn,
ancla carrier with Mr. Horne.

23. John Hawkshaw, engineer of the Manchester and
Leeds.

24. William Bass, agent to Messrs. Pickford.
25. John Ellis, deputy-chairman of the Midland Railway
26. Joseph Maynard, of the firm of Pickfords, carriers.
27. Edward Woods, civil engineer.
28. James P. Budd, manager of copper works and coal
mines, deputy chairman of the Welsh Midland.
29. Nicholas Wood, civil engineer (author of a celebrated
work on the steam-engine).
80. George Hudson, M.P., director of a thousand miles of
railway.
_ _

OPPOSED TO BREAK,_ EXPRESSING NO OPINIOX

ABOUT GAUGE.

31. Gen. Sir Willoughby Gordon, Quarter-muter General.
32. Major-General Sir John Burgoyne, Quarter-mute'
General.

33. Major-General Pasley was opposed to break, but in
favour of a 5 foot gaugo, if practicable now.
lti FAVOUR Ok' BROAD GAUGE, WITH A BREAE

OF GAUGE.
34. Isambard Kingdom Brunel (inventor of the broad
gauge), engineer ot the Great 'Western Railway.
35. Charles Alexander Saunders, secretary of the Great
Western Railway.
36. Seymour Clerk, superintendent of traffic on Great
Western Railway.
37. Daniel Gooch, superintendent of locomotives on Great
Western Railway.
INTERMEDIATE GAUGE.
38. C. Vignoles, civil engineer, in favour of a 6 foot gauge.
39. Colonel Landmann, late engineer to the Greenwich,
5 feet to 6 feet.

40. Edward Bury, locomotive manufacturer.
41. Benjamin Cubitt, engineer and locomotive manufac-
turer to the Croydon, Brighton, and Dover Railways.
42. Richard Roberts, formerly a locomotive manufacturer.
43. John Gray, locomotive superintendent of the Brighton
Railway,
44. Richard Downs, contractor, against break.
45. Thomas Jackson, against break.
46. William Cubitt, civil engineer.

MAJOR LAWRENCE'S ADVENTURES IN THE PUNJAB.
—" The momentous intelligence which we have lately re-
ceived front the bankstofth.e Sutlej, renders any information
interesting to the ae,,s in these stirring scenes eminently
thank us for callin., Englishtheiratreader. Many, we feel sure, will
relating to the chief
interest iog and reely Valuableen attention,
work
oollnl at jhoer
Punjab,Lawrence's
appaoninted to the charge of our
in makiin
Lawrence has been recently
P,P,feistutteTent as honourable
patronage.tite Sir
British lotions with Lahore—
in thatj srorlaworfendcie
.0
reelection,
to the beitower as to the recipienta
Henry Hardinge has judged wisely
for no man in India is so well acquainted as making
with the S,ikh character, or Si) skilled
plomacy which is requisite to carry out successfully political
negotiations with the Lahore Durban His work is beyond
all comparison, the best book which has yet been written
about the Siekhs; full of valuable information, and yet as in
teresting as any romance—lively, graphic, and most beauti-
ful."--2/lorning Herald.
Baron You Z stwiek left London, early on Wednesday
morning, by the General Steam Navigation Company's Marl
steam ship, John Bull, for Hamburgh.
Lord John Raisell is expected to leave Chesham-place
early next week, to join Lady John Russell and family at Minto
House, near Hawick, where her Ladyship is staying.
VICEREGAL COURT IN IRELAND.— The Hon. Capt
Robert Haly, son-In-law of Lord Heytesbury, has been appointed
steward of the household, in succession to Captain Seymour, promoted
to the household of Prince Albert.

Wicks was executed on Monday for the murder of
Mr. Bostock. In the evening he was the here of a doggrel poem,
which was sung in the streets. Here is ens stanza :
" Adieu, my friends and kindred,
My tender mother dear,
That God that reigns above will sooth
Your pains, and dry your tears.
I fear my tender mother
I your peace of mind destroy,
I am a wretched and forlorn
Poor London apprentice boy."
The ready pen of the poet, which so speedily turned his death to
profit, the looks of the men who sung the dirge to the populace, and
the awakened curiosity, for no higher feeling was apparent amongst
the crowd, are tit pendants to and illustrations of the morning exe-
cution. It was really what the vulgar call it, a "sight," which they
went to see, as they go to see the Lord Mayor's show, but return
from it edified than from beholding the gaudy but innocent
optetacl. et tin City king.

THE MAGAZINES.
BLACKWOOD.
The manifestations lately made by the small republic
in Europe, and the great republic—the "model repub-
lic" in America—have been of more service to crowned
heads than their vast armies, and all the other safeguards
of monarchy together. In Switzerland, scenes disgrace-
ful to any Goveintnent have been exhibited year after
year, the inhabitants of one canton have been arrayed
against another, without any sufficient cause Catholics
and Protestants, plebeians and aristocrats. Jesuits have
been plotting against the disciples of Calvin, and a civil
war actually broke out, with much loss of life, because
Lucerne preferred a system of education which some of
its neighbours considered wicked and damnable. Great
anxiety still prevails throughout the country, and the
citizens are ready to rush to arms because there is no
head, no executive Government, which can combine the
heterogeneous elements, or control the factious and
meddling cantons. The picture furnished by the great
republic, however, completely eclipses its elder sister.
The Swiss pay their debts, they are content with their
" area" of mountains and valleys, they do not quarrel
with their neighbours, or abuse their best friends ; they
do not appeal to the first chapter of Genesis as an au-
thority for sanctioning robbery, or a settlement in any
rich country that takes their fancy ; and they do not at
the same time encourage slavery, and commit blasphemy
by offering up thanks for the blessings of freedom.
Much might have been made of the late dis-
plays in these two republics by the advocates
for absolute monarchy, as well as limited
monarchy. But we have seen nothing worthy of
attention till we opened Blackwood this month. In that
number we find an article entitled " How they Manage
Matters in the Model Republic," which has the merit of
novelty, as well as a very fair proportion of moderation.
The writer dates his effusions from New York; and
though his strictures are severe, and his language will
sound harshly in the ears of Whigs and Democrats of
the representatives of the Atlantic as well as of the
Western States, they have themselves only to blame,
for he quotes from the official paper published at Wash-
ington, and condemns them by their own words. He
gives extracts from the speeches, as published in that
Government paper, and certainly displays of oratory
more disgraceful, ludicrous, and unprincipled, never ap-
peared in any reports of the proceedings of a legislative
body. The public owe a debt of gratitude to the writer
for these elegant extracts, not one-tenth part of which
have appeared in any European journal. We transcribe
one as a specimen. The speech was made by Mr.
Kennedy, a democratic representative from Indiana, one
of the insolvent States:—
" Sir,' says Mr. K., when the British lion, or any other
lion, lies down in our path, we will not travel round the world
in blood and fire, but will make him leave that lair.' . .
" After this my sterious announcement, he inquires—
" Shall we pause in our career, or retrace our steps, be-
cause the British lion has chosen to place himself in our path ?
Has our blood already become so pale, that we should tremble
it the roar of the king of beasts? We will not go out of our
way to seek a conflict with him ; but if he cross our path, and
refuses to move at a peaceful command, he will run his nose
on the talons of the American eagle, and his blood
spout as from a harpooned whale. The spectators who look
upon the struggle may prepare to hear a crash, as if the very
ribs of nature had broke r. . . . .
" Once more into the lion—or lioness—for it does not ap-
pear exactly which this time!
" We are one people and one country,*and have one inte-
rest and one destiny, which, it we live up to, though it may
not free us to follow the British lion round the world in blood
and slaver, will end in her tapulsion from this continent,
which he rests not upon but fnollute "
The writer thus sums up his character of the people
among whom he dwells:---" If a man wishes to form a
low idea of his species, let him spend a week or two at
Washington ; let him go amongst the little leaders of
party in that preposterous capital, watch their little
tricks, the rapacity with which they clutch the meanest
spoils, and wonder how political profligacy grows fat
upon diet so meagre and uninviting. He will come away
with the conviction, already indorsed, by the more re-
-peotable portion of the American community, that their
Government is the most corrupt under the sun." We
have in this number a continuation of the " Student of
Salamanca,'? which we believe few read ; a good life and
Instthlr of Antonio Perez, minister and victim of
Philip 11. of Spain ; the " Crusades," founded on one of
Michaud's works, and an interesting history of the
Marquis of Wellesley's government of India. There is no
political article, but, by some legerdemain, the opinions of
the editor on the changes going on in the commercial
relations of this country, are thrust into a review of the
" Memoirs and Correspondence of the most Noble Richard
Marquis Wellesley." After stating that the abolition
of the corn-laws will throw a fourth part of the land out
of cultivation, and drive all the gold out of the country,
he thus foretels universal ruin:—
" But the true conspirators see deeper. They know, that
a revolution in the food of the people is the immediate fore-
runner of a revolution in the state. From the moment
when foreign corn is admitted free of restraint, the confi-
dence of the farmer must be shaken. From the farmer, the
shock will instantly reach the landlord; his rent must be di-
minished. To one-half of the great proprietaries of the king-
dom, a diminution of rent, even by a third, would make
their possessors personally bankrupt. Their mortgages and
loans must be repaid ; and nothing would remain. The land,
lord now pays the Church. If he is ruined, the whole Church
income, independent of the small portions of glebe land, must
perish with him.

" Then will come the agitation for a still more daring pur-
pose. It will be asked, why must the system of English life
be artificial? Because we have twenty-eight millions ster-
ling of interest to pay, and for this we must have taxes. But
why not sweep the national debt away, as France did in her
day of royal overthrow? A single sitting of the Convention
settled that question ! Why not follow the example? Then
will come the desperate expedient, and all will be ruin on the
heads of the most helpless of the community; for the national
debt is only a saving bank on a larger scale, and nine-tenths
of its creditors are of the most struggling order of the empire.
Of course, we do not anticipate this frightful catastrophe
under the existing Government, nor, perhaps, under its im-
mediate successors, nor under any Government which knows
its duty. But, let the " pressure from without" be once an
acknowledged Principle; let agitation be once suffered as a
legitimate instrument of public appeal ; let the clamour of
the streets be once received with the slightest respect, and
the game is begun ; property is the chase, the hounds are in
lull cry, and the prey will be torn down."

BENTLE Y.
The present number opens with a short narrative of
the manner in which the escape of Prince Charles
Edward was effected by Flora Macdonald after the
battle of Culloden. The paper, which is from the pen
of Charles Whitehead, is illustrated by a portrait of
"the heroine of 1745," engraved by Freeman, from the
original portrait by Allan Ramsay. The amusing
adventures of Brian O'Linn are continued, and we have
a valuable historical sketch of the Seikhs and the Pun-
jaub, by Dr. W. C. Taylor. The account of the rise of
the power of Runjeet Singh, and of the anarchy which
followed, upon his death, in 1839, are particularly in
teresting at the present moment. D. Canter continues
his Outpourings
; and in this, his twelfth libation, gives
us his reminiscences of poor Liston. "The Mermaid,
from the Danish of H. C. Andersen, translated
by Lady Duff Gordon," is a fantastic story,
illustrated most fantastically by Leech. Alfred Crow-
quill continues the " Old Manorial Chamber," and in the
pmsent number gives us the " Reflections of a Pier-
glass,"—reflections which are
" Though deep, yet clear; though gentle, yet notitill
The article on gaming, gaming-houses, and gamesters
is concluded, and Mr. Albert Smith continues his " Po.
pular Zoology" by an appendix on gents, and a sketch
of the zoology of the ballet-girl. The number concludes
with "Tipperary Hall, No. 3," which bids fair to rival
the " Noetes Ambrosiante." Take for a specimen the
following :

SONG BY THE WHISKEY DRINKER.—" WHO'S FOR
A SLIT AT THE SIEGE OF LAHORE, MY BOYS?".
Aau—“Paddy O'Rafferty."
Have you not heard of the fighting in India, boys?
Sure 't was at Moodkee a beautiful shindy, boys.
Better than hunting the fox from his cozy shaw
Was hunting the Seikhs from their camp at Ferozeshah
At Alival, too, we complately astonish'd 'em, ,
Over the water we coax'd and admonish'd 'em.
Though bullets Ay fast as bad eggs at the pillory--
0 we are the boys that can spike their artillery !
Chorus.

Come to the Sutlej, where loud the guns roar, my boys !
Come ere the fun and the fighting's all o'er, my boys I
Come where there 's honour and plunder galore, my boys;
01 who's for a shy at the siege of Lahore, my boys ?

Hardinge 's a hero ; bowld Gough is another, boys,
Don't they call Napier " the divil's own brother," boys?
Ne'er in the East such a gallant commander was
Sirce on the Indus the Great Alexander was.
Under Sir Harry Smith foes we could thump any;
Who'll serve the Queen and the East India Company?
Shew them our soldiers the right sort of men are all;
Fight for the Crown, and the Governor-General.
Chorus.
Come to the Sutlej, &c.

Id
n theh
them
ieir Ranee
ntbeir over,
Chorus.
her Punts and her Punches, boys!
Servemouthful of lead for their lunches, b,ys I
SDon
we will not stay long, my boys !
smithri,er reens their fine tete du-pong, my boys.
Ve n oncep
s m w
withal,e tah es
lapat bayonetau!
tis at
intot
a of
v 't is we'll
If the powther scarce, and the g.:..fs they won't play on it
Try the could steel, and hon
camels,
their cash and their capital.
Then come to the Sutle
where loud the runs roar, my boys !
Come where me ere the
there's fun an hone th fighting's all o'er, my boys!
ur and plunder galore, my boys!
Oh ! who's for a shy at the siege of Lahore. my boys ?"
Theirl
camps
and
adre

TAIT'S MA E.
which is concluded in this number, forms
The article on " The Life and Correspondence of
tphaevmidosiltuimnete';esting feature in the magazine. It is a
topic suited to all tastes. Hume is well known to all
classes, either from his history or essays, and though he
has given great offence both to the political and religious
world, there is still so much to admire in his works, a,
well as in the whole tenour of his lite, that no culprit
ever found so many persons ready to forgive him. lie
never brings forward his peculiar opinions merely for
display, like Gibbon, and others of that class, whose ob-
ject seems rather
and to be to offend public feeling than to ar-
rive at the truth, who delighted in turning into ridicule
principles of belief calculated to console the mind in the
deepest distress, and raise the thoughts of frail mortals
to another and a better state of existence. If Hume at
any time off
out those ends in this
respect, he appears to be only
his geniusoin was bent f pro losophical disquisitions on which
m to establish theories which his youth, and endeavouring
him to believe were just, his reasoning faculties led
The review of his works by
Mr. Barton does him full justice in this respect, and
and able
g
altogether is, perhaps, the best account not only of the
life
wonderfulmso man, but of his varied
me of his writings, he was one of
the soundest thinkers on the principles of commerce, and
had he directed his attention more to the subject might
have far surpassed his contemporary and intimate friend
Adam Smith, in his work on the " Wealth of Nations."
We are not aware of any part of that standard produc-
ro
of
s. this
d
tion where the evils of monopoly itucl the blessings of

• rite trade are painted out with such force as in the fol-
lowing brief extract:—" National exclusiveness in trade
is as foolish as it is wicked ; no nation could profit itself
by stopping the natural flood of commerce between
itself and the rest of the world ; commercial restrictions
deprive the nations of the earth of that free communi-
cation and exchange, which the Creator of the world
has intended, by giving them soils, climates, and geniuses
so different from each other ; told like the free circula-
tion of the blood in living bodies, free trade is the vital
principle by which the nations of the earth are tobecore
united in one harmonious whole." It would be impos-
sible to say as much for the principle for which he con-
tends in fewer words. " Antonio Perez and Philip the
Second" contains a vivid picture of Spain during the
reign of that cold-blooded tyrant, to whom we owe
chiefly the horrible cruelties that disgraced England
during the reign of Queen Mary. We may refer the
reader also to the brief article on Scottish entails, in
which the injustice and absurdity of the system are fully
exposed. The "Politics of the Month" exhibits little
novelty, and is deficient in that vigour and boldness
usually displayed. The following contrast, however, is
well drawn :

" The great curse under which our agriculture has hereto-
fore laboured, is the want of that organization, and rapid cir-
culation of ideas, by which one mind influences others, and
improvements are suggested, considered, and put in execu-
tion with promptness and decision. The agricultural mind of
England is a sluggish cloddy mass. To excite it to energy
and activity would have seemed utterly hopeless, without
some such disturbance of all its elements as we are now
about to experience. The manufacturer looks around among
his neighbours to mark every improvement that can save a
farthing per cent. on his outlay—he looks abroad over all the
earth to find out any nation that will give him a farthing
more than its neighbour for his completed fabric. The agri-
culturist has his eyes buried in the sod he treads. He leaves
inventions and markets to other people. He desires states-
men, who know that world of which he is so ignorant, to pro-
tect him, in God's name, a poor peasant, and let him till the
earth, as his father and grandfather did before him ; using
the same plough with wheels and four horses, thrashing with
his hands or a windmill, and expecting that thirty millions of
people will require no more food in the present century than
fifteen in the last."