The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY ETENING, DECEMBER 4, 1848:

DEATH OF IBRAHIM PACHA.
ALEXANDRIA, Nov. 20. His Highness Ibrahim
7-.lscha, Viceroy of Egypt, died on the 10th inst., and
Abbas Pacha, his nephew, succeeds him to the Pachalic
of this country, according to the firraan granted by the
Sultan in June, 1841, at the close of the Syrian war, by
which the succession to the Government of Egypt is to
descend in a direct line in Mehemet Ali's male poverity,
from the elder to the elder among his sons and grandsons.
Ibrahim Paella. Mehemet Ali's son, was born at Ca-
voila, in Roumelia, in 1789, and was thus of the age of
59 years at his death. In consequence of Mehemet Ali's
incapacity, from dotage, to govern the country, Ibrahim
was nominated by the Sultan Viceroy in his stead on
the Ist of September last, and therefore held power in
Egypt only during the brief space of two months and
ten days.
For many years Ibrahim suffered acutely from a com-
plication of complaints, brought on principally by ex-
cesses committed during his youth, and in 1846, he went
to Europe for the purpose of consulting the most end-
nent physicians there, and on that occasion he also visited
England; but the only result was a temporary relief to
his sufferings, for he continued to be more or less disor-
dered, and he finally sank under the combined effects of
bronchitis and an abscess in his lungs.
At the age of seventeen Ibrahim joined his father's
army, in which he soon attained a prominent position,
and in 1816 he was sent to Arabia against the 'Naha-
bees—a heretical sect of the Mahommedan religion,
whom he subdued after a harassing war of three years.
He wrested the holy towns of Mecca and Medina from
their hands, and re-established a regular course of the
caravans. On the 11th of December, 1819, he was re-
ceived in great triumphin Cairo, on his return from
his victories, and the Sublime Porte gave him on that
occasion the high title of Pacha, of the Holy Cities.
In the year 1824, when Mehemet Ali was commanded
by the Sultan to assist in quelling the insurrection in
Greece, Ibrahim Pacha took command of the expedi-
tion, and sailed from Alexandria for the Morea with a
fleet consisting of 163 sail, 16,000 infantry, 700 horses,
and four regiments of artillery. At the battle of Nava-
rine on the 20th of October, 1827, the Turkish and
Egyptian fleets were completely annihilated, and only
a very small portion of the troops returned to their
country,
During the whole time that he was in the Morea,
Ibrahim committed great excesses and cruelties.
In 1831, Mehemet Ali's ambition led him to the con-
quest of Syria, and he sent Ibrahim into that country
with an army of 24,000 infantry, four regiments of cavalry,
and 40 pieces of artillery. In this expedition, Ibrahim,
with the assistance of Soliman Pacha, a Frenchman
named Colonel Selves, displayed much military talent;
Gaza, Jaffa, and Caiffa soon fell into his hands, and
Acre, which had resisted Napoleon, opened its gates to
him on the 27th of May, 1832, after a. siege of six
months. The Sultan sent strong reinforcements of
troops against Ibrahim Pacha, but the Pacha invariably
overcame them, and on the 22d of December, 1832, he
destroyed at Koniah with 30,000 men a fresh Turkish
army of 60,000 troops commanded by Reschid Pacha, who
was made prisoner.
The victory of Koniah opened the way to Constanti-
nople, and Ibrahim had already advanced as far as
Kutayeth, about 150 miles from the capital, when the
Sultan called to his aid an army of 20,000 Russian troops,
who marched to Constantinople. Ibrahira's conquests
were therefore confined to Syria, of
.which he kept pos.
session until 1839, and whose he established his father's
rule with singular success, end organized that country in
a very admirable manner. In 1839 the Sublime Porte
attempted to regain possession of Syria, and sent against
Ibrahim a strong army, which was, however, quite dis-
comfited by the Egyptian troops, at the battle of Nezib,
on the 24th of June of that year.
Ibrahim Pacha at this period had a second opportu-
nity of marching to Constantinople, but the European
Powers interfered a second time, and stopped his progress.
The four powers of England, Austria, Russia, and
Prussia then combined to restore Syria to the Sublime
Porte; a fleet was sent to occupy the towns on the coast;
Ibrahim resisted, but the bombardment and occupation
of the fortress of Acre on the 3d of November, 1839, in
the very short apace of four hours, soon convinced Ibra-
him Pacha and his father that their best policy was to
submit to the decrees of the four Powers, and obtain the
best terms they could from the Sultan.
After the evacuation of Syria, Ibrahim led a very quiet
and retired life, he devoted his whole attention to agri-
culture and introduced many improvements in the culti-
vation of the land. He always showed the greatest re-
spect for his father, and though enjoying the high titles
of Vizier and Governor of Mecca, and covered with mi-
litary glory, he always kissed Mehemet Ali's hands in
token of submission, and never seated himself or smoked
in his presence without leave.
Ibrahim Pacha had not the pleasing manners nor the
politeness which so highly distinguished his father; he
was naturally serious, his voice was strong, and he was
remarkable for his forced laugh; he never liked display,
and was of a penurious and selfish ;disposition. His
education was similar to what is generally given to
Oriental princes; he spoke Turkish, Arabic, and Per-
sian, which he also wrote with facility, and he em-
ployed several hours of the day in reading books on
history, of which he was very fond; he knew no Euro-
pean language, but he regularly had the newspapers
translated to him.
Ibrahim Pacha has left only three sons living--
Ahmed Bey, born in 1825; Ishmael Bey, born in 1830,
both pursuing their studies in Paris ; and Mustapha
Bey, born in 1832, at present in Cairo.
Ibrahim Pacha was buried with military honours, but
with little ceremony, on the day of his death, in Mehe-
met Ali's family tomb, in the vicinity of Cairo. Mint
Pacha has gone to the Upper Country to see that order
and tranquillity are maintained there, and during the
temporary absence of Abbas, Said Pacha assumed the
authority in Cairo.
Abbas Pacha,
,who succeeds Ibrahim in the govern-
ment of the country, was born in Arabia in 1813. He
is the son of Toussoon Pacha, Mehemet Ali's second
son, who died of the plague in the year 1816, and his
right to the succession arises from his being at present
the eldest living male member of Mehemet Ali's family.
Abbas Pacha has Ahitherto led a very quiet life, and
has for many years been governor of Cairo. He has
had, from his own option, little intercourse with the Eu-
ropeans; he is a strict Mahommedan, and en this ac-
count the natives are glad of his accession.
Abbas Pacha is well versed in Oriental literature; he
has a thorough knowledge of the Turkish, Persian, and
Arabic languages, and he occupies much of his time in
.
reading and writing.
Abbas Pacha accompanied Ibrahim in his military
expedition to the Morea in 1824, and was also for same
time in Syria during the war, but on both occasions
Ibrahim kept his nephew entirely in the background, so
that he has seen very little of military service.
In the middle of last month, Abbas Pacha, anxious to
get out of the way of Ibrahim, who had been interfering
in his private affairs, went ' i Mecca; on the death of the
latter a messenger was dispatched after his Highness,
and Captain Frushard, of the Honourable East India
Company's steamer Feroze, offered to convey the mes-
senger to Jedda, and bring back the new Viceroy, whose
arrival at Suez is now hourly expected, and his Highness
will have to proceed to Constantinople to be formally
invested by the Sultan with the Pachalic of Egypt.
It is expected that the new Viceroy will be favour-
ably inclined towards the English, in consequence of the
courtesy shown to him at the outset of his new career by
Captain Frushard, for whom, and the officers of his
steamer, handsome presents, consisting of swords, mouth-
pieces, and snuff-boxes, have already been dispatched
from Cairo to Suez.

(From the Post.)

Ibrahim's whole career has been'that of a most arbi-
trary and proud Mussulman of violent passions, invested
with extensive power as the son and successor of Mehe-
met AIL He was a bravo and bold warrior, and was for
years the Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian army,
and retained possession of Syria, annihilated the Sul-
tan's forces, and appeared on the Asiatic border of the
Bosphorus, opposite Constantinople, which nothing short
of Russian armed interference could have prevented his
occupying, and hurling his liege lord the Sultan from
the throne. Ibrahim and his army were shortly after-
wards forcibly expelled from Syria by the combined
English and Turkish forces, the bombardment and
capture of !Acre, previously considered impregnable,
having virtually settled the Syrian question. Since
that event Ibrahim has not been engaged in any active
military command or operations, and, with the excel).
tion of visits paid to Italy, France, and England, for
the benefit of his health, has chiefly resided at or near
Cairo, superintending the revenues of his agricultural
property.
For many years past Ibrahim's health had been in
a precarious state, caused by excesses of various kinds,
among which addiction to the bottle was prominent,
and latterly had much increased. One of the saddest
and darkest events in Ibrahim's truly eventful life, which
pourtrayed his ungovernable passions, was the putting
to death of one of his favourite wives under the following
circumstances, which it must be admitted would furnish
a plot for one of the deepest tragedies or melodramas
that :ever were penned. To those conversant with
Turkish habits and customs, it is well known that a plu-
rality of wives are permitted, and that in the harem the
great desire always is for male children. Two of
Ibrahim's wives gave birth about the same time, the one
to a daughter, the other to a son. The mother and son
were instantly made a great deal of, while the mother
and daughter were at once placed in the back ground.
It so happened that the son was attacked with a disease
which ended fatally, and the event caused great afflic-
tion to Ibrahim. The mother of the son, fearing
probably that the mother and daughter would now
regain favour, denounced the mother of the daughter as
having, for selfish purposes, poisoned the son. Hereupon
Ibrahim, assuming the charge to be true, without wait-
ing to make any investigation, ordered the mother and
daughter into his presence, informed the mother of the
crime with which she was charged, which she vehemently
denied, but without avail, as Ibrahim ordered the
daughter to be torn from her arms by the attendants, and
then that her head should be struck off, which was done
on the spot, and her body thrown into the Nile.
Scarcely was this horrible murder perpetrated before
circumstances transpired to throw a doubt on the truth
of the accusation, and subsequent investigation is said to
have satisfactorily proved the entire innocence of the

poor victim. Heretipcn Ibrahim made a perfect idol of
the daughter, and caused her to be brought up in the
harem with every distinctio7i and care. On her obtain-
ing the age of 15 she was affianced in marriage to oise of
Ibrahim's Generale, and preparations for the ceremony on
the grandest scale had already commenced, when this fa-
vorite daughter, who was a most interesting creature, and
the " light of the harem," was suddenly attacked with the
small-pox, which, notwithstanding the best medical advice
available, terminated fatally. Ibrahim was on his return
from Syria, and on reaching Cairo was overwhelmed
with grief at an event which no doubt renewed in his
mind the terrible death of the mother. Ibrahim caused
the funeral obsequies to be performed on a scale of extra-
ordinary splendour and magnitude, and the deceased was
interred in the burial place constructed by Mehemet

Ali for himself and family, outside the city of Cairo.
This is an enclosure within which are large covered• in
chambers or maussoleums, wherein some of the family
are already interred, and the place is watched night and
day by Turkish priests, who keep lamps constantly burn-
ing, and at stated times permit strangers to enter. The
sarcophagus containing the remains of the daughter
bears as inscription in Turkish, and is covered over with
the most beautiful and costly Cashmere shawls, while the
floor is spread with the richest Turkey and Persian car-
pPts. The sarcophagus or vault destined for Mehemet
Ali has long been ready to rt.ceive his remains, but he
has lived to such an extreme age that he will now be
one of the last of his family to enter his final earthly
resting• place..

Abbas Pacha is grandson to Mehemet Ali, being the
son of Toussoon Pacha, who, many years since,.while on
a military excursion in Upper Egypt, was surprised and
surrounded by a superior Arab force, and was burnt to
death in his tent, to which they set fire. Abbas has been
for several years Governor of Cairo,and, from the strong
Mussulman traits in his character, is much liked by the
su2erior nativec.

Said
Paeha, who of late has been connected with the
Egyptian naval department, is a younger brother of
Ibrahim's, by a different mother, but Said has never pos-
sessed any energy, or acquired any weight in the
country.

The- steamer Triton, which arrived here yesterday
with the London mail of the 7th, brought, amongst other
passengers, the eminent French physician L'Allemand,
who had been sent for, at an enormous outlay of money,
to come to Egypt to cure the late Ibrahim Pacha.
Business here is very dull. Exchange on London, 99
piasters per 11. sterling.
The country is perfectly quiet.

THE WEST INDIA MAIL.
SOUTHAMPTON, DEC. 3.—The royal mail steam.•ship
Clyde, Captain Edward May, arrived this afternoon
at three o'clock from the West Indies, with the usual
mails, in charge of Lieutenant Wilkinson, Admiralty
agent.

-On her homeward voyage the Clyde experienced
strong easterly breezes from St. Thomas to Pavia; from
Faye' until the Ist of December, light westerly winds ;
up Channel, westerly gales blowing very hard ; but, on
the whale, she may be said to have had fair weather, and
has made an excellent voyage.
The latest dates brought by the Clyde are—Chagres,
Oct. 29 ; Carthagena, Oct. 31; Jamaica, Nov. 7 ; St.
Jago de Cuba, Nov. 5; Demerara, Nov. 4 ; Trinidad,
Nov. 6; Barbadoes, Nov. 9; Grenada, Nov. 7; St. Kitt's
Nov. 11 ; Nevis, Nov. 11 ; Porto Rico, Nov. 11 ; St.
Thomas, Nov. 14; La Guayra, Nov. 7; Fayal, Nov. 27 ;
Tortola, Nov. 12; Antigua, Nov. 10 ; St. Vincent, Nov.
8; St. Lucia, Nov. 9; Montserrat, Nov. 10; Jacmel,
Nov. 9; Santa Martha, Oct. 20; St. Juan di Nicaragua,
Oct. 25.

The Clyde brings on freight 349,000 dolls. in bars and
dollars, on merchants' account; 341,099 dolls., gold dust,
gold in bars, and coined gold ; 574 ounces platina,
4 tierces of coffee, 1 barrels of coffee, 523 bags of pi-
mento, 2 bales of indigo, 56 packages of sundries, &c.
STATIONS OF HER MAJESTY'S SHIPS.—Her Majesty's
ship Trincomalee, at Barbadoes, 9th Nov. ; her Majesty's
schooner Bermuda, at Jamaica, 7th ; passed her Ma-
jesty's steamer Vixen, Bth Nov., from Jacmel to Jamaica.
STATIONS OF THE COMPANY'S STEAMSHIPS.—The
Great Western at Havana 29th Oct., bound to Gulf of
Mexico, &c. &c. ; the Thames left Barbadoes Bth Nov.,
for Trinidad, Demerara, &c., &c. ; the Tay passed by
Clyde, 11th Nov., between St. Thomas and Porto Rico,
bound to Jamaica, &c., &c. ; the Dee, at Jamaica, 7th
Nov., waiting mails per Tay, for the Spanish Main ; the
Forth, stationed between St. Thomas, Bermuda, and New
York, monthly each way ; the Conway, at St. Thoatas,
14th Nov. ; the Reindeer, lying at Barbadoes ; the Eagle,
home for repairs.
SHIPS SPOKEN WITH ON RETURN VOYAGE.—Nov. 29,
7 A.M. Spoke the Dutch barque Casis, with 724 in large
led flag hoisted, let. 42 deg. 50 min. long. 22 deg. 14 min.
bound to Amsterdam; wished to be reported.
Our usual files of Jamaica papers have come to hand,
but they are totally barren of news of the least import-
ance.

YUCATAN.—Letters have been received from Sisal,
which state that the Government troops, amounting to
about 14,000 men, had retaken all the towns and villages
that were in the possession of the Indians, with the ex
ception of a few distant ones. About 30,000 Indians had
joined the Government troops since the recapture of Val-
ladolid, Tekax, and Peto.
The Mexican Republic had assisted Yucatan, as a part
of her territory, with the monthly sum of 15,000 dollars.
The local Goveminent is authorised to expend the sum
01200,000 dollars until the Indian war is concluded.
The Government of Mexico had sent to Yucatan, on its
own responsibility, 300 American volunteers, and 1,000
more were said to be recruiting at New Orleans.
From letters received from the Main, it appears that
the Dominicans had consented to receive under their
protection the number of about 300 families, of the
llaytien refugees, now in Jamaica and elsewhere. It is
also mentioned that Sauloque was making preparations
to march on the Dominicians at an early day.
JAMAICA MARKETS.
(From De Cordova's Mercantile Intelligencer.)
Rum is seceding in value, and has been sold at 2s. 6d.
to 3s. 9d. per gallon, proof 21, for consumption, equal
to 2s. to 2s. 3d. for exportation.
Sugar is worth 14s. to 18s., according to quality.
Freights.-31. to 31. 10s. per ton has been accepted for
sugar to London, 4d. per gallon for rum, and id. per lb.
for Pimento.

Exchanges on London.--Colonial Bank-60i days, ]
per cent premium. Jamaica Bank-90 days, 1 per cen
premium.

itAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, DEc. 2.
STOCK EXCHANGE. —The market to-day was exceedingly
dull and inactive ; scarcely any business was done, but, owing
to the call on Great Westerns, that stock, in particular, was
very depressed. __ _

LIVERPOOL, DEG. 2.
STocir ExcuareGrs.—The market is steady without any
particular feature. The sales are—Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire (late C. rnd B.), 22./ Share-, 9/. 16s. 3d. c. dis.
—Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and Dudley, 41/8 p.—Great
Northern (B Shares), 3% dis.—Lancashire and Yorkshire
(late Manchester and Birmingham), FhLbs, 434 c. dis.—
Ditto, 321. Shares (late Extension, 834 d'9.—London and
North-Western, 117—Ditto, New Qom crs, % p.—Ditto
Quarters (C), 1% p.—Midland, New Halves. WA c. dis.—
Shrewsbury, Oswestry, and Chester, VA/ dis.—Ditto, 101
Preference, 131—South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4,
Thirds, 6%.
BIRMINGHAM, DEC. 2.
STOCK EXCHANGE.— The sales are—North Staffordshire,
6% dis.—Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A), 7V2 dis.—
Shropshire Union, 31ii dis.—South Staffordshire, 4% dis.

(LASGOW, DEC. 1.
STOCK EXCITANGE.—The sales are—Dundee and Arbroath,
New, No. 3, 50s.—Dundee and Perth, 253/ —Edinburgh and
Perth, 12s. 6d.—Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr, 41—Ditto,
5 per cent. guaranteed, 100—Ditto, Halves, No. 2,38 s. 6d.

FUNERAL OF LORD MELEOURNE.—The remains
of Lord Melbourne were interred in the family vault at
Hatfield, on Friday. The funeral procession reached
Hatfield at half-past one, at which hour, and during the
progress of the sad ceremonial, the shops in the town
were closed. The melancholy corage proceeded to the
church in the following order : —Four porters on horse-
back ; the coronet, upon a velvet cushion, borne by a
person on horseback ; the hearse and six, the arms of
the deceased nobleman being emblazoned upon the hearse.
Next followed four mourning carriages, each being
drawn by four horses. In the first of the carriages
were the Earl Cowper, Viscount Palmerston, Viscount
Ashley; the Hon. W. F. Cowper, the Hon. Spencer Cow-
per, Lord De Manley, Viscount Ebrington ; the Hon.
Charles Howard and Sir J. Birch. In another carriage
were Mr. Thomas, of Hatfield, the deceased nobleman's
medical attendant, and Mr. Cookney, of London, his
Lort'ship's private solicitor. In the fourth carriage were
his Lordship's housekeeper (who has been in the service
of the family for forty-five years), his steward, and
several other of the upper servants. The pall was borne
by twelve of the deceased nobleman's servants, in mourn
ing, and wearing the family badge upon their left arms.
The Rev. F. J. Faithful, the rector, performed the
mournful ceremony. The coffin was covered with purple
velvet, and bore the following inscription:—" The Right
llon. William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne of Kilmore,
Ireland; Baron Lord of Melbourne and a Baronet of
England. Died Nov. 24, 1848, aged 69 years." Lord
Beauvale, the brother of the deceased nobleman, was
prevented from attending the sad ceremony by severe
indisposition. The funeral cortege returned in the order
in which it had arrived to Brocket 11a11.—Hertford
Mercury.
DEATH OF DR. CHAMBERS CONTRADICT/M.—ln
reference to the paragraph we copied on Saturday from
the Lancet, we have received the following letter:—" Sir,
—I see with surprise the announcement of my death in
your paper of this morning. I request you to contradict
this report, as I am convalescent from my long illness,
and am much at your service.—W. N. CHAMBERS, 2,
Cumberland-street, Bryanstone-square, Dec. 2, 1848."
DEATH OF SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH BURDETT,
BART.—We have to announce the demise of the above
Baronet, who died, en his passage home from India, on
the 25th of August last, the deceased having been or-
dered to repair to England for the benefit of his health,
which, before leaving Madras, was considered extremely
precarious. The deceased Baronet was born December
26. 1806.

-ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. -- The following
gentlemen hcving undergone the necessary examinations
for the diploma, were admitted members of the college
at the meeting of the cou-t of examiners on the Ist inst.,
viz.—Messrs. Alfred Brooks, Cheshaw, Buckingham-
shire; Rawdon Senior, Batley, near Dewsbury, York-
- Jameson-mTehsaraßeuss,soollx, oinio;iyCwhe
jairsletereeWt,
mrillieasmt_
shire; Joseph John Augustus Dirham, Dublin; Thomas
Haremßly";
Thomas Hughes, Galway; Robert Thomas
Jwie snbtsiottnbe
Whitby,
mElsam Cooke, Doncaster, Yorkshire; John Duff, Tain,
Ross-shire; Henry Potter, Cadogan-place, Chelsea; and
Philip James Elborough, Pleasant-row, Islington.
TRH CALAMITOUS FIRE IN GRA INN-LANE.—
Saturday night an inquest was held in no Board-room
of Gray's Inn-lane Workhouse, on the body of Ellen
Thackerry, aged 32 years, who, with her husbane,
perished in the fire, 112, Gray's Inn-lane, on Friday
morning. There was no evidence touching the origin of
the fire, but it was shown that the flames increased so
rapidly as to jeopardise the lives of all the inmates. The
jury returned a verdict—" That deceased lost her life
by the fire,
.but as to its origin there was no evidence
to show."
The Letters from Hamburgh and Berlin bring little
news. At Hambargh bills upon London continued in
demand, and money was abundant. There was a better
business transacting in the funds and railway shares at
Berlin, and prices were firm. The accounts from Cron-
stadt by this opportunity mention that the weather was
extremely severe, and it was feared the vessels would
scarcely get out before the navigation closed. The trade
of the Neva was already stopped.