The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-19 00:00:00

LIT. ,HATURE.

CO URT CIRCULAR.
WINDSOR, SUNDAY. - Yesterday the Queen and
Prince Albert, accompanied by the Hereditary Grand
Duke and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg Strelitz,
walked in the morning on the terrace and grounds of
the Castle.
Prince Albert, attended by Colonel Berkeley Drum-
mond and Colonel Sey moor, enjoyed the sport of shoot-
ing yesterday morning.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, Prince
Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, took
their usual exercise yesterday forenoon in the groun4
around the Castle. The Royal Family took a carriage
airing in the af,ernoon. -
Their Royal Highnesses the Hereditary Grand Duke
and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg Strelitz, left the
Castle yesterday. The Earl of Auckland also took his
departure yesterday.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne ;arrived
at the Castle yesterday on a visit to the Queen.
Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince. Albert
rode out on horseback, attended by the lion. Miss
Dawson. Maid of Honour in Waiting, yesterday after-
noon. The Equerries in Waiting, Colonel Buckley and
Colonel Seymour, also attended on horseback.
The royal dinner party at the Castle yesterday in-
cluded the Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne,
Mr. G., E. and the lion. Mrs. Amon, and the lion. and
R w. C. Leslie Courtenay.
The band of the lst Life Guards attended during
dinner. Her Majesty's private band was afterwards in
attendance in the Castle.
This morning the Queen and his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, the ladies and gentlemen of the Court,
and the domestic household attended Divine service in
the private chapel. The lion. and Rev. C. Leslie Cour-
tenay officiated.

THE TEMPLES AND TOMBS OF EGYPT,
NUBIA, AND PALESTINE. 2 Vols. By Mrs.
Romer.
__ _

Already known as an observant traveller and as a
picturesque writer by her work upon " The Rhone,
the Darro, and the Guadalquivir," Mrs. Romer
carries her own passport to public favour. To say
that these two volumes are remarkable for purity of
composition and for an intense appreciation of what-
ever is beautiful or admirable in nature and art is
merely the utterance of facts which the most super-
ficial reader could not fail to recognise. This pro-
duction, however, claims attention on much higher
grounds. In perusing its pages we not only find
clever delineations of scenery, shrewd observations
upon a remote and extraordinary race, and sagacious
rejections upon African and Asiatic society; but we
find the work to possess infinitely nobler charac-
teristics. The authoress enters upon her pilgrimage
with a foreknowledge of the wonderful regions in
which she is about to make a temporary sojourn. She
beholds a spot hallowed by some celestial reminiscence,
and her mind is at once crowded with a thousand
memories of the occurrences by which its very name
has become a household word in every corner of the
globe. She sees, for the first time, some other
locality memorable for some deed of earthly great-
ness, and a flood of historical associations streams
over the page upon which she is describing its
appearance. This of itself would alone tend to render
her account of the three renowned countries which
she has recently visited, most welcome. But beyond
these advantages, the writings of Mrs. Romer possess
others. Ancient and modern authors appear to be
equally familiar to her, and are referred to with equal
felicity. The Book of Books and Diodorus Siculus
are recurred to just when such a recurrence is most
suitable in referring to the times of antiquity. Lane
and Chateaubriand are quoted with similar felicity
in relation to what may be termed contemporary days.
While, however, we acknowledge the various excel-
lencies of these volumes, we must likewise observe
that the subjects of which they treat bear about them-
selves a fascination which is altogether irresistible.
Egypt, for example, is luminous with an historic
glory, which perhaps no other country in the world
possesses to such an astonishing extent. From the
despotism of the Pharoans to the benignant govern-
ment of Mohammed Ali—from the period in which
the subjects of Cheops were engaged in fabricating
imperishable structures in the wilderness, to our own
age, when steam vessels are plying between the Nile
and almost every European port—the soil of Egypt
has been the arrena of a succession of marvellous
events. Not to journey back so far as the epochs
when Moses vied with a necromantic priesthood,
and when Joseph was its wise and salutary
lieutenant, we discover the renown of Egypt
in more recent times. Here it was that Thebes,
with its hundred gates and streets of palaces, out-
shone all other cities ; here Alexander founded the
great city which- he intended to be the metropolis of
the globe, and which was to perpetuate his name to
posterity: here Julius Caesar acquired a vast propor-
tion of his warlike glory, and became subservient to
the charms of 'Cleopatria • here Marc Antony, for a
similar reason, " lost a world ;" here Pompey perished,
and Cato committed suicide. We should, however, ex-
ceed all reasonable limits were we merely to enumerate
all the facts associated with this region, of which the
asetic labours of St. Jerome are not the least memo-
rable, when he was receiving the houselessiatriciars
of Rome after the invasion of the barbarians. It is
from the recollection of these mighty occurrences
that Mrs. Romer's work possesses such an exceeding
charm, and because, moreover, she revives most of
those occurrences in her lucubrations. Everything
in Egypt reminds her of, or suggests to her reader
some antique or modern glory; the Nile, the peregri-
nations of Bruce; Aboukir, the heroic victory of
Nelson ; the Pyramids, the wonderful prowess of
Napoleon. In Palestine, again, the authoress is most
fortunate in the subjects of her contemplation. Pales-
tine, the most venerable region of the globe, the land
trodden by the foot of Divinity. The sentiments
inspired by the recognition of the different spots
most renowed in the Holy Land are worthy of
her woman's heart. Her weeping on the threshold of
Jerusalem, her awe on passing the valley ofJeremias,
her profound feelings on the summit of Golgotha,
everything is consonant with the scene of the pil-
gritnage, and everything fastens the attention of the
reader, from page to page, from chapter to chapter,
down to the " finis." It must not be supposed, how-
ever, that this work is altogether of a sombre or me-
lancholy cast, on the contrary it is as variable as the
climate with which Mrs. Romer is most familar. Many
passages are peculiar far their vivacity, as others are
for their reflectiveness. We will transcribe from the
first volume a narrative of very singular interest, and
present it as a specimen of the liveliness of description
and picturesqueness of detail for which Mrs. Romer
is remarkable. The following is an incident in the
romantic life of a Circassian slave, who under the
auspices of Mohammed Ali was created a dignitary of
Egypt, and is now governor ~of the upper portion of
that country, under the title of Selim Pasha. As a
mark of the Viceroy's regard the latter offered
Selim a wife from his own harem, a young slave
beautiful and accomplished. The offer is accepted.
Selim makes inquiry secretly as to the personal ap-
pearance of his future spouse. He is , told that she
was " beautiful in face and form, young, gentle, and
accomplished—that she wrote like an Effendi, sung
like an Alme, and danced—not like a Ghawazee—but
in the more graceful and less immodest fashion of
Stamboul." Then follows the narrative in Mrs.
Romer's language.
" This was more than enough to inflame the imagina-
tion of the young man, and he became enamoured of the
image described to him, and sighed for the moment that
was to render him the possessor of such a treasure.
" At last it arrived. The lengthened preliminary cere-
monies of Egyptian marriages, which generally consume
several days, commenced and appeared eternal to the
impatient bridegroom. The day of the bath, when the
bride, accompanied by all her female friends, made her
ablutions ' • the day of the henna, when her hands were
dyed, and that she received the wedding gifts presented
to her by all her late companions, the inmates of the
Pacha's harem ; the agreement pronounced by the bride
and bridegroom on either side of a closed door, and
witnessed by the Cadi, to take each other for man and
wife—all had slowly passed by, and the long-sighed-for
day, in the evening of which the bride is conveyed in
state to her husband's house, was at length ushered in.
The gifts prepared by Selim Bey for the fair Hafiza,
consisting of diamond ornaments, cashmere shawls,
pieces of gold and silver stuffs, mirrors set in jewels,
costly perfumery, and a profusion of the most delicate
sweetmeats, were arranged in silver baskets, placed upon
trays covered with scarlet cashmere fringed with gold,
and a light veil of azure gauze thrown over them ; and
were borne upon the heads of Selim Bey's slaves, in
magnificent new dresses, preceded by a black eunuch on
horseback, through the principal streets of the city to
the bridegroom's house. This ceremony took place in
the middle of the day, and it was remarked that never
had greater splendour or better taste been displayed at a
private marriage. Some time afterwards Selina Bey
proceeded privately to his new residence, in order to be
there to receive his bride.
" A little before sunset the fair Hafiza was conveyed
from the Pacha's hareem in the citadel, to her new home,
attended by a number of female slaves, who were to form
her household ; all mounted upon magnificent asses
splendidly caparisoned, and escorted by her fetloe
guardians, the black eunuchs of Selim Bey. She was
met at the atttanee of the house by her husband, whose
gallantry prompted him to pay her the honours reserved
for princesses alone ; he lifted her in his arms from the
saddle, carried her up-stairs to the hareem, and after
depositing her upon the square of silver damask spread
over the corner of the sofa, in s splendid saloon, pro-
strated himself before her, and kissed her feet. Then
rising, and taking his place by her side, he eagerly un-
fastened the circlet of diamonds that bound on the long
scarlet cashmere which had hitherto completely concealed
her form, face, and even her eyes, from his view ; and
the envious veil falling to the ground, revealed to the
happy bridegroom's gate loveliness which surpassed even
the description that had been made to him of it, and
which was enhanced by the emotion betrayed by the fair
creature heeself. Pale and red by turns, her eyes cast
to the ground, and fatthhlinit under the scrutinising
glance bent upon her, she sat in silent fear 1 est the first view
in gaging his
tion that
the rapture 1/47`f the
obsyhti
mtras
pit nar
ret dhu
ythb.y ofot 4 htrheeer4hseusxsucbfl ndmdha had
irao,dnafnaodi
moment was rendered ddftilalsite by Hafiza confessieZ
that fNin the !lateen) kttices she had often contemplated
whea fió felleifeci in the train of the Pacha,
Stheal ittni
in her
Nli
and grace; and that she knew, from the joy others
Ike had ex-
eyes he had long excelfod oin beauty
perienced, when told that he was to become her husband,
that his image had long dw&t in her heart.
such happy (circumstances—never tm.'fore did such inter-
change" Never did Mithometan ma:Tiage commence under
of tenderness and sentiment ea;
hellish
c' the en-
tfanee ofmoslem bride into her husbb: d s house.
with
and Their muted tosVs *ere interrupted by "wiz',
bring
brining in the nuptial re ; and in conformtmeeit?
Turkish usages, the bride 'arose and prepared to ofl'.lt
NI slaves
upon her husband to a handmaid, while he partook,
it. The morose pride of Turkish husbands, and ill.
Inferior scale in which all females are classed by there,
and which p, events their distinguishing between a wife
and a slave, not only permits such a violation of the
laws of gallantry; but exacts that these services should
be performed in silence ; and when the bridegroom has
been thus served, the bride is allowed to retire, and
make her repast in another room. Something chival-
rous, however, in the sentiments of Selim Bey, added to
the honour he was desirous of paying to the wife be-
t t wed upon him by the Pacha, forbade his complying
with such a custom. He compelled Hafiza to seat her- i
self once more by his side, and while he selected for her
the most delicate morsels from the luxurious repast that ,
was served to them, their mutual confidences recoin -
mewed, made up of tender questions and avowals—th e
unwearying tautology of a new-born love which ap -
peered to them to be the precursor of a long career o f
reciprocal affection.
" And now for the first time Selina bethought him of
asking Ilaiza where she was born, and was answer( d,
in Circassia.
"In Circassia It was a new bond of union bow(' en
them—the same land had given them birth, for he Km

Her Royal Highness the Princess of Hesse, attended
by Baroness Scheel, Sir Andrew Barnard, and Baron
Meysenbuch, arrived in town on Saturday morning from
Cashiobury Park, Herts, the residence of her Majesty
the Queen Dowager. The Princess visited and in-
spected Westminster Abbey and the Colosseum. Her
Royal Highness left town at four o'clock in the after-
noon by the London and North-Western Railway, for
Watford, on her return to Cashiobury Park.
Their Royal Highnesses the Hereditary Grand Duke
and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg Strelitz returned to
Kew on Saturday from Windsor Castle.
The Marquis of Lansdowne (Lord President) left his
seat, Bowood Park, Wilts, on Saturday, for Windsor
Castle.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE
NEWMARKET SECOND OCTOBER MEETING-

(CONCLUDED).
SATURDAY.—Match, 500, Bst 71b each, Ab M.—Mr.
Brien's The Traverser(Marlow) beat Mr. Clifton's Valerian
Sutler). Valerian made the running to the bushes, when
The Traverser passed him and won in a canter.
Match, 500, 200 ft,7st each, Ab M.—Mr. O'Brien's Needful
received forfeit from Mr. Clifton's Nottingham.
NORTHALLERTON RACES.—FRIDAY.
Match, 100, h ft, 1 Ist each, four miles—Mr. H. Smith's
Seaweed (Mr. H. Scott), beat Mr. Cookson's Barton.
Match, 50, h ft, one mile—Mr.. W Lonsdale's b f by
Kremlin, 3 yrs, 7st 61b, received forfeit from Mr. Walter's
Ratcliffe, 5 yrs, 9st 31b.
Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, with 10 added; for two yrs old,
6st 81b ; three, Bst ; four, Bst 61b ; five and upwards, 9st ;
fillies allowed 31b. Once round. (6 Subs.)
Captain Williams's Jinglepot, 4 yrs (Lye) 1
Mr. Harland's Cossack Maid, 3 yrs

Captain Pat's Isabella Noel, 2 yrs 6
The Selling Stakes, of 7 soya, each, with 10 added, two
years old, 6st 101 b ; three. Bst 10Ib ; four, 9st 51b ; five
v 'upwards, 9st 121 b. The winner to be sold for 100
, if demanded. &c. One mile and a dis. (7 Subs.)
Mr. esseltine's The Slayer's Daughter, 3 yrs...(Bumby) 1
Mr argreave's Bit-nibble, 2 ryrs 2

SOW,

Mr. Peari's Volga, 3 yrs 0
The Silver Cup by subscription of 5 sovs. each. Three yrs
old, 7st ; four, Bst 31b ; five and upwards, Bst 10Ib. Mares
and geldings allowed 31bs. Heats two miles.
Sir J. Gerard's Curiosity, 3 yrs (Lye) 0 1 1
Mr. Fleseltine's The Helmsman, 4 yrs
Mr. Yea's Little Jack Horner, 3 yrs 1 2 dr
Mr. Lamb's Lady Flora, aged....
Mr. Meiklam's The Parson's Clerk, 4 yrs 2 dr
Mr. J. Scott's Waxholme, 3 yrs
Mr. Smith's Charley, 3 vrs ....... ..... 0 dr
COURSING.
BIGGAI. CLUB.
The Puppy Stakes (8 Subs.) were won by Mr. Handy-
side's Fairy and his Hotspur.
The Challenge Cup was won by Mr. Dickson's Friday
beating Mr. Gillespie's Huron.
The Stirling Stakes (6 Subs.) were won by Mr. Woddrop's
Lochinvar. Mr. Dickson's Johnnie Fa ran up.
The Castlecraig Stakes (8 Subs.) were won by Mr. 'R.
Gillespie's Tecumseh. Mr. Dickson's Maid of the Mill ran up.
SOUIIPORT (SOUTH LANCASHIRE) CLUB, OCT. 14 AND 15.
The Annual Dinner Stakes (16, all aged dogs) were won
by Mr. Craven's Clarina. Mr. Robinson's Difference ran
M up.
The St. Leger Stakes, for 16 puppies, were nee
a r.
Adamthwaite's Dusty. Mr. Taylor's Brues, tuswere
icon.up
by Mr.
The Produce Stakes, for 16 pupili
Eden's Euterpe. Mr. Rouchette's Rosey ran up.
The Churchtown Stakes, for 16 (all aged dogs), were won
by Mr. Slater's Sentry. Mr. King's The Baron ran up.
The Consolation Stakes (8 Subs.) were won by Mr. King's
Supervisor. Mr. Coupe's Clara ran up.
The Crosser's Stakes (8 Subs.) were won by Mr. Bradley's
Burgundy. His Ben Hart ran up.
The Marshside Stakes (8 Subs.) were won by Mr. Ardern's
Monarch. Mr. Coupe's Handy ran up.
AMESBURY MEETING.
The Produce Match was won by Captain Wyndham.
The Druid Bitch Puppy Stakes were won by Mr. Law-
rence's Lucy Neale.
The Druid Dog Puppy Stakes were won by Captain
Wyndham's Woggarwolfe.
The Stonehenge Dog Puppy Stakes by Captain Wynd-
ham's Winks.
The Amesbury Cup by Mr. Lawrance's Camlet.
The Beacon Hill Dog Puppy by Mr. Parkinson's Pic-
caroon.

HUNTING APPOINTMENTS.
Somerset Subscription Hounds—Tues. Buncombe Hill ;
Fri. Black near Williton—half-past 10.
B. V. ll—Mon. Baghere Common—half-past 10.
Taunton Harriers—Alon. Wal ford Gate ; Thurs. Knapp-10.
Cheltenham Stag Hounds—Mon. Beach Tree, Westwood;
Wed. Elstont ; Sat. Shipton—half-past 11.
Devon Hounds—Mon. Oxton Lodge; Fri. Ogwell-11.
Clevel and Hounds—Mon. Kilton Mill ; Thurs. Hutton
Low Cross.
Durham County Hounds—Mon. Elemere ; Wed. Plows.
worth Bar; Fri. Esh—half-past 10.
Mr. Horndon's Hounds—Mon. Trebartha Village; Thurs.
Hornisote Chapel—half-past 10.
Hpaarrkew—ohoadlf.Bpraisdtgleo!
Wed.Collingham Bar; • An
'gon well
Earl of Harewood'sFHri osuenadrst—hi
Mr. Roe's Hounds—We—Kennel;
Hounds—Wed. Sat. Batisborough-
cross

Lerefordshire Hounds—Fri. Westhide England
-gate.
itadstock Hounds--Tues. Radstock ; Fri. Postlebury.
York and Ainsty Hounds—Mon. Melbourne; Thurs. (M-
-ing; Sat. Skipwith-bridge—half-past 10.
Sir Henry Seale's Hounds—Thurs. Mount Boone Kennel.
Mr. Trelawny's Hounds—Tues. Leather Tor; Fri. Bitta-
Ford -bridge.
Sinnington Hounds—Tues. Ovingham ; Fri. East Newton-

gate.
Tiverton Heands—Mon. Stockley Pomery-wood-bridge ;
Thurs. Tucker's Moor (Oakford)—half-past 10.
Mr. Fane's Harriers--Tues. Dashwood-hill; Thurs. Ips.
den-field; Sat. Bagnage•way.
Glynbourne Harriers—Mon. Newhaven Barn ; Fri. _Ripe

Brighton Harriers—Mon. Patcham ; Wed. Race Course
Fri. D 3 ke.
Brookside Harriers—Mon. Newmarket-hill; Thurs. Tels

combe Tye.
Dulverton Harriers— Mon. Nightcott ; Fri. Kingsbrompton
Farm.
Eastbourne harriers—Mon. Paradise ; Thurs. Friston Mill ;
Sat. IT illingdon Old Mill—quarter to 11.

THE INQUEST ON THE WOMAN AT BIRMINGIIAhI.
FRIDAY EVENING.—The inquiry relating to the cause
of the death of the unfortunate woman Keefe, terminated
in two hours after the dispatch of our last account, in
the acquittal of her husband. It appeared from the con-
cluding testimony that the unfortunate woman's death
was caused by lobs of blood arising from an injury re-
ceived in the scuffle, but there was no evidence to show
that her husband inflicted those injuries upon her, as
there was nu oae in the room with them at the time of
the occurrence. The jury returned a verdict of homi-

THE SUN, LONDON, MONI‘A MORN ING, OCTOBER 19, 1846.

was a Circassian ! and Selim tenderly clasped the fair
hand of his bride.

" Did she know from what part of the country she
came ?—She was but eight years old when she had been
sold, and sent to Constantinople, but she still remem-
bered the place where she was born. and she named it.
—The village inhabited by her family ?—She named it
too. What was her father's name ?—Kbosrew. What
her mother's ?—Ameneh.
" These questions had succeeded each other with in-
creasing rapidity, and every answer returned had ap-
peared to heighten the eager emotions of Selim.
" Had she any brothers ? he continued with still
deeper earnestness.—One. What was his name, and
how old was he ?—He was called Halil, and he was an
infant in ar►ns when she had been sent from her

country.
" Selim appeared to breathe more freely. And had
she never had another brother ? he resumed.—Yes, she
had had an elder brother, named Schamyl, but she had
no recollection of him, for he had been kidnapped shortly
after she was born, and her parents had never heard of
him more.
" As Hafiza pronounced these last words the counte-
nance of Selim assumed a deadly paleness ; he gazed at
her for a moment with wild and haggard eyes, then
violently dashing fi om him the hand he held in both of
his, he arose and rushed from the room.
" Unable to account for the sudden frenzy exhibited
by her husband, the trembling Hafiza followed, and
found him in an adjoining chamber, leaning against the
wall for support, his face hidden in his hands.
" What means this violent emotion ?' she inquired,
timidly approaching him. 'ls my Selim ill ?'
" With a gesture of impatience he bade her begone.
" Selina, you are angry with me,' she persisted, cast-
ing her arms round him ; how have I offended you, oh
my husband ?'
" He struggled to break away from her, but in vain,
for his strength appeared to have abandoned him.
' Leave me, as you love Heaven !' he faltered in a tone
of anguish. Hafiza, our dream of love is at an end—
I am your lost BROTHER
"' God is great !' ejaculated Hafiza, shrinking back
in consternation ; he has scattered ashes upon our
head, but he has spared us the commission of a dreadful
crime 1'

" The unnatural union was immediately dissolved,
and both brother and sister eventually contracted more
fortunate marriages. Selim Bey in progress of time be-
came Selira Paella, and his long tenure of office as
Governor of Upper Egypt, proves that to this day he
continues to enjoy the favour of his patron, Mohammed

Ali."
This is precisely such a story as Lord Byron
would have revelled in " singing in immortal verse."
Mrs. Romer, we regret to observe, has her prejudices
as well as most other people. Sometimes, too, she
evinces an ignorance of history which is lamentable.
She says, in vol. 11., p. 178, " Jaffa has been lament-
ably celebrated in modern times by Napoleon's
butchery of his Turkish prisoners and of his own sick
and wounded. It is absolutely intolerable to see
this old blundering calumny revived again and again
in just such a flippant sentence as this, after it has
been extinguished on the most conclusive evidence.
We cannot afford either the time or space to give a
detailed refutation ourselves, but we confidently refer
every one who is not already satisfied upon the sub-
ject to Hazlitt, to Montholon, to Rovigo, to O'Meara,
to the MSS. of St. Helena, to W. H. Ireland, and a
multitude of unanimous witnesses. Sir Robert Wil-
son and Mr. Goldsmid have long since been proved
to be romancers ; and among our own countrymen,
besides Ireland, O'Meara, and Hazlitt, the calumnies
have been discountenanced by Mr. Warden and by Dr.
Clark, of Cambridge. Mrs. Romer will then find that
the French soldiers were not poisoned, and that the
Arab soldiers were punished as they richly deserved.
Before leaving this very admirable work, we must
observe that it is embellished by several characteristic
lithographic plates. Mrs. Romer has written a beau-
tiful book upon a magnificent theme.

THE REV. JAMES SHORE AND
THE BISHOP OF EXETER.
The following statement of facts respecting this case
of ecclesiastical oppress;on has just been made public :
The Rev. J. Shore waQ, in the year 1832, appointed
minister of a chapel at Bridgetown, in the parish of
Berry Pomery, Devon, then lately erected by the Duke
of Somerset ; and having received a nomination from the
Rev. J. Edwards, then vicar of the parish, he was
licensed, by the Bishop of Exeter, to officiate in the
chapel, which was not consecrated, but was opened as a
chapel in connexion with the Established Church, under
the license of the same Bishop. In April, 1834, Mr.
Edwards died, the Rev. E. Browne was inducted to the
living, and Mr. Shore continued to officiate in the chapel
without any fresh nomination being required by the
Bishop or given by the Incumbent. In the year 1843,
Mr. Brown (the Vicar) wishing to exchange the living
of Berry Pomeroy for another, obtained the consent of
the Duke of Somerset to the arrangement, and in Sep-
tember, 1843, the Rev. W. B. Cosens was inducted to the

COMMERCE AND COMIVIERCIAI
RELATIONS WITH SWITZERLAND.

Statistical science has at length been more directed
in the Helvetic federation to the investigation and clas-
sification of positive industrial facts. To the depressed
state of some branches of Swiss industry we owe the re-
port of a commission of practical men, appointed for the
purpose of investigating the causes of depression, and, if
possible, of suggesting the means of remedy or of preven-
tion for the future. With an intelligent impartiality,
the protectionist party was admitted by its representa-
tives into the commission. We find that a minority of
members dissented from the free trade laissez faire re-
port laid before the diet by the majority. That report,
however, was fully affirmed in its conclusions and princi-
ples by the Diet. As a well-written, ably-reasoned do-
cument, it is highly creditable to M. de Gonzonbach, Se-
cretary of State to the Confederation, and a distinguished
economist, to whom was committt d the task of preparing
it. Although in some respects not so complete in its
statistical details and information as might be wished,
the returns embodied in it will establish, for the first
time, a basis from which the industrial statistics or
Switzerland may start, and hereafter be gradually per-
fected, like those of other neighbouring or advanced
countries. We proceed briefly to notice some of the
chief points and figures relating to textile industry.
Of the various manufactures, that of cotton ranks first
in the order of importance. The first spinning factories
date, it is said, from the continental system of Bonaparte.
We are rather inclined to question the accuracy of this
statement, for we have beard, on competent authority in
Lancashire, that some, if but few, spinneries were esta-
blished in Switzerland before that period. One of the
oldest cotton spinners, if not the oldest, yet living in
Lancashire,. a contemporary of Sir Richard Arkwright,
Sir Robert Peel, &c., who was largely concerned in the
supply of cotton yarn to the Swiss markets, assured us
some short time since that he had an offer made, about
the year 1795 or 1796, as nearly as we can recollect—
say ten years or more before the continental system—to
undertake the establishment of a large cotton mill, to be
built, filled with the best machinery, and conducted
under his own superintendence, with a large allowance for
management, in addition to one half-share of the profits,
for which a capital of 100,0001. was to be supplied by, or
under the guarantee of, the Government of the Canton
of, we believe, St. Gall. Frcm patriotic motives, and
himself largely embarked in spinning and mercantile
concerns, with the interests of which it might havein-
terfered, he declined the offer. But he had the means of
knowing, through his travellers and agents, that factories,
though certainly on a much smaller scale, then existed
in Switzerland. The continental system communicated,
doubtless, a powerful impulse to the spreadof the factory
system. There were, according to the report of the
Commission, in Switzerland, in 1844, 131 spinneries, of
which 70 were in the canton of Zurich, turning 660,000

living on the presentation of the Duke of Somerset.
Shortly after the induction of Mr. Cosens, the secretary
of the Bishop of Exeter informed Mr. Shore that it was
necessary for him to obtain a nomination from the new
vicar, and that unless he obtained it his license
would be withdrawn. Mr. Cosens refusing to give the
nomination, the chapel was closed in October
1843, and after many attempts to procure from the
Bishop and Mr. Cosens an arrangement of the affair, the
chapel was, in the month of February, 1844 (after an
interval of nearly six months), by the direction of the
Duke of Somerset, certified in the Archdeacon's Court
of Totnes, as a place for religious worship of Protestants,
under the provisions of the Toleration Acts, and Mr.
Shore resumed his duties as the minister of the chapel,
conducting the services nearly in accordance with the
forms of the Church of England as before. On the ISth
of March, 1844, Mr. Shore was served with a document,
withdrawing his license, whereupon a correspondence
ensued between Mr. Shore and the Bishop, in which
Mr. Shore stated that he could no longer conform to
the discipline of the Church of England, and had se-
ceded from the establishment ; and requested to be
informed if anything more was necessary to complete
the separation which he desired. To this inquiry he
received only evasive replies. Mr. Shore then having
consulted his legal advisers, took the oaths, &c., required
by the Toleration Acts, and qualified himself in a way it
had never before been denied a clergyman could do, to
preach and teach as a protestant dissenting Minister.
But the Bishop of Exeter would not permit an evan-
gelical clergyman thus to throw off his yoke, carrying
with him his church and a large congregation, and ac-
cordingly commenced legal proceedings in the Eccle-
siastical Courts. After a Commission, under the Church
Discipline Act, had sat on the case at Totnes (at which
Mr. Shore appeared under protest), and had reported, in
the first instance, that Mr. Shore was liable to punish-
ment as a clergyman disobeying his Bishop, Mr. Shore
was cited in the Arches Court, and he appeared to such
citation under protest. This protest, although ably
argued by Sir John Dobson (the Queen's Advocate)
and Dr. Twiss, for Mr. Shore, was overruled by the
Judge, and Mr. Shore assigned to appear absolutely.
He did so, and prayed articles. These exhibit and charge
no other fault or crime, but that Mr. Shore was, at
the time of exhibiting such articles, a priest in holy
orders of the Church of England, and that being such,
he, "on the 14th April, 1844, and 28th July, 1844, took
upon him to read prayers, preach, administer, (to wit on
the 28th July, 1844) the Holy Sacrament of the Lord's
Supper, and perform ecclesiastical duties and divine
offices, according to the rites and ceremonies of the
United Church of England and Ireland, in the said un-
consecrated chapel or building, situate in the said parish
of Berry Pomeroy, in the county of Devon, &c., without
any license or authority for so doing, and contrary to,
and in spite of, the aforesaid injunction or monition of
the said Bishop of Exeter." To this Mr. Shore presented
to the Court a responsive allegation, setting forth the
license of the chapel as a dissenting place of worship, and
his having taken the oaths, &c., &c., under the
Toleration Acts, the protection of which he claimed
against this prosecution. This question was ably
urged in the Court of Arches, by Sir J. Dobson and
Dr. Twiss for Mr. Shore, but the allegation was
dismissed. Mr. Shore thereupon in Michaelmas term
last, moved, by Sir F. Kelly, for a prohibition in the
Queen's Bench, to restrain the Arches Court from
proceeding further with the case. A rule nisi was then
granted, and in Hilary Term this question was ably and
fully argued by the late Attorney-General, Dr. Adams
and Mr. Montague Smith, for the Bishop, and Sir F.
Kelly, Mr. Sergeant Manning and Dr. Twiss for Mr.
Shore • and in the term following, Lord Denman pro-
nounced judgment, discharging the rule, notwithstanding
the able and energetic arguments of Mr. Shore's counsel,
and deciding that no clergyman could voluntarily quit
the establishment ; and Mr. Shore was consequently
driven back to the Court of Arches, where he has been
sentenced to abstain from again preaching, &c., and to
pay the costs. At the commencement of this unprece-
dented prosecution, a committee of the friends of civil
and religious liberty in Totnes, and its neighbourhood,
was formed, and considering that the great question of
religious liberty was directly assailed in this attack on
Mr. Shore, they determined to support him in resisting
to the utmost this unconstitutional invasion of religious
rights, and set about raising subscriptions. These, at
present, we hear, amount to about 2001., but Mr. Shore
has already incurred upwards of 4001. for his own ex-
penses, and as he was determined, with the advise of his
counsel, and at the request of the committee, to proceed
yet further, a larger amount will be required.— West
Briton.

RECENT VISIT OF THE FRENCH MINISTER CrF
PUBLIC WORKS TO MANCHESTER.—At the latter end of
last month M. Demon, the French Minister of Publi c
Works, accompanied by M. Teiserene, inspector-general
of railways, and M. Didson, engineer-in-chief of the
" Posts et Chauete .s," and also engineer to several rail-
way companies in France, visited this town and neigh-
bourhood, in the course of a tour they are making
through England, with a view to inspect our public
works, and especially those connected with railway con-
struction. So quietly did they execute their mission,
that their presence in Manchester was only known to a
few persons. Bringing letters of introduction, they re—
ceived every attention from the engineers and other
officers of tho several railways which they visited here.
So far as we can learn, the first railway they visited was
the Manchester and Leeds. They expressed themselves:
highly gratified with the peculiar arrrangements of the
Victoria station, especially with the mode by which the
arrival and departure platforms are both placed on the
same side of the main line, without causing any centu-
sion or intermingling of arriving and departing passen-
gers. They ascended the incline by a departing train,
and proceeded to the goods' station for the purpose
chiefly of witnessing the operation of the hoist, by m eaos
of which the whole of the merchandise is raised from the
station yard, on the level of the streets, to the railway,
which is on a viaduct of considerable elevation at t his
point. Having seen the mode of working the hoist, and
examined its mechanism, and having heard that the ho ist
at the station of the Manchester and Birmingham Rain-
way, in London-road, was worked on a different prin-
ciple, they proceeded thither to inspect. It was fou ad,
however, that the difference was not remarkable ; but
the engine which worked the hoist was found to be of
greater power than that used for a similar purpose on
the Leeds line. The party next examined the arrange-
ments of the Manchester and Birmingham Station, and
also the skew bridge by which the line is carried over
Fairfield-street, and then proceeded to the Bolton Rail-
way station, New Bailey-street, Salford, which they in-
spected, and especially examined the long viaduct by
which the Liverpool and Manchester extension line is
carried along on pillars, for the entire length of Upper
Booth-street. The gentlemen expressed themselves
much gratified on the whole, by the various architectural
construction, and mechanical and other contrivances an el
application% which were in use on tle various lines al id
stations which they visited here.—Manchester Guardia n.
A VETERAN CRIMINAL.—The following is give in
as a summary of the character and history of the ma n
named Cutmel, now in custody for the attempt to murder
Madame Morand, at Taugirard :—He is about forty-tv to
years of age. He was condemned in 1828 to five year is'
imprisonment for an unnatural crime. He was liberate d
on the 22d of May, 1333, and in November followin g.
was again committed to prison for a few months for rob •
bery. In 1834 he was arrested for a highway robbery
in the night, and sentenced to hard labour at the hulks:
for ten years, which he passed at the Bagne at Toulon,
and was discharged in March, 1844. Since that time he,
has lived by petty robberies, and in January and June,
1845, was again sent to prison for a few months each
time. Since his present arrest, finding that the evidence
against him is too strong to be resisted, he has openly
avowed that, when he went to Vaugirard, it was with
the full intention of murdering both M. and Madame
Morand, and stealing 800 f., which they had acknow-
ledged to their nephew they had in the house. To this
he has added a confession, that ho had concerted with
Coulon and the nephew of the Morands, the murder and
robbery of a woman at Montrouge, who keeps an eating
house, and her servant-girl. To all this he further
stated, that only a few days ago he killed a drunken
man, and after stripping him, threw him into the river..
On being asked how he could be so cruel as to take the
life of a man who was incapable of making any resist-
ance, or of appearing against him afterwards ? he re-
plied—" Ok ! it was only getting rid of one grumbles
more."—Gulignani's Messenger.
LOSS OF A CLERGYMAN, NEAR SNOWDON.—An
event, which has, without doubt, terminated in the death
of a most promising young gentleman, a clergyman of
:he Established Church, recently occurred at Llanberris.
It .3pp‘ ars that the Rev. Mr. Starr had, for some weeks,
been
,en A pedestrian excursion through the most roman-
tic portions of North Wales, and that he had been in the
regularly corresponding with his friends and
relatives at Northampton,
habit of of one of the parishes of-which
_
town he is a ca.-ate. Not having heard from him for some
his mother find sister became alarmed at his long
time,
continued silence, 02d ultimately determined to :set out
for Llanberris in sears'of him. Mrs. and Miss Starr
rris on the afternoon of Sun-
reached the inn at Llanbe
day, the 4th instant, and on inquiry learned that it gen-
tleman, answering their description of Mr. Starr, had
passed the night there about three weeks before ; that
on the following morning he left the inn, and a scendec
Snowdon ; was seen en his descent fro en the
mountain, and was again seen at the top of the
pass, where he stopped at a house, and obtain, ed some
water to quench his thirst. He then ascended another
mountain on the opposite side of the pass, tern ied the
Glyder. He was next observed on the summit by a man
named Hughes, living at Llanberris, who, at his request,
accompanied accompanied him full half-way on the descent, and
pointing out the path left the unfortunate gentlen lan t•
nursue his way alone. After going some short di: tance
is'zighes warned him to keep to the right hand,
was the
even. g As the
becoming very misty,
n an; 131's
danger' of Llyn cwm Fgnon, a dangerous spot, to be
ed. Mr. Starr was never seen afterwards, and no
avoid
doubt is ee'tertained that he perished on the mountain,
i
having lost L.'s road on the bleak and barren gro and he
had to traverse. The grief of his unfortunate volatives
on hearing the 1; articulars of the sad catastrophe. may be
magined, the more especially as no ground for _hope is
left, the proof of identity being further supported by the
fact that the gentlemata seen on the Glyder had only
one glove on, the fellow to which was found in the
baggage of Mr. Starr. Search has been made for the
body with dogs, but hitherto without effect.
11CLASS WAsn-liousES.—A. very careful
'nate. says " A Member of the Parent Committee,"
1
eat,;,
• e Builder, shows that the washing expenses of the
ill ' oils, in the course of the year, amount to mare
rnetrole s property and income tax 000/ fto
-yehe wholear kingy
-
than ;Z: -iderahly above 5,000,0. . `thy
(loin —co, t have wash-houses for the middle
should we use ' as for the labouring classes ?
classes as wets and motley, much might be
In time, trouble, ..,ash-houses constructed on
'gone-square. I do not
saved to them by ,
* has been tried and
the plan of those at Gou., iic-ominoua
propose a washing company. Th.. - tems
.
t be thrown
failed. But might we not have washing .
-.-. and
supplied by companies ? Do not let this hi 11.,,,,
away. We are as yet in the infancy of the subje,
_.,,
that 5,000,000/. A year is an untouched field. Let it ...,
prudently broken up, anti I am much mistaken if it e ill 1
not be found to produce an abundant harvest t:, careful
speculators. If the cost of bathing be reduced 1,500 per
cent. why should not the cost of washing be reduced
20 per cent.? That would be a saving to London of
!Apra than 1,000,0001. a year.

spind!es, and producing 160,000 quintals of cotton yarn.
The imports of raw cotton for their supply had for
several years been in constant progression: in 1842, the
last year cited, the quantity was 228,000 quintals. The
number of factory operatives employed was upwards of
10,000. Of power-loom factories there were eighteen,
in which yarn was worked up into 100,000 pieces yearly.
But the far larger portion of the fabrics was still woven
by hand, in common looms, of which there were not far
from 100,000. The canton of Zurich alone reckoned from
18,000 to 20,000 hand-loom weavers,who wove each year
nearly 1,000,000 of pieces of all kinds.
The situation of the hand-loom weavers was, however,
becoming very precarious, in consequence of the fearful
competition of the power-loom. Their wages had fallen
to 16 batzen per week, or less than 2s. On such a
miserable pittance it was not possible long to exist.
The remedy looked to was in the extension of power-
loom works, and their gradual absorption of the desti-
tute hand-loom labour, or the exclusive transference of
the labour to the fabrication of fancy tissues, which
could not be so easily executed by power-looms.
Jacquard looms had recently been introduced into several
cantons and it was hoped that the operative crisis in the
cotton manufacture might thus by degrees be alleviated
and pass away.
Next after cotton ranks the silk manufacture. It em-
ploys about 40,000 wot:Teople. Silk-worms are culti-
vated in the cantons of the Grisons and the Tessin,
which yield a product of about 50,000 pounds.(the Swiss
is rather more than the English pound) of silk. The
quantity of raw silk, and of silk, and half silk fabric im-
ported besides, was, in 1842, 28,300 ; and, in 1843,
29,900 quintals. In piece-goods, the manufacture is
chiefly in plain silk, from the strongest taffetas to the
lightest fabrics. The ribband manufacture, the chief
seat of which is at Basle, although largely extended also
in Berne, Soleure, Argovia, Thuringia, and Zurich, is,
however, the principal branch of silk industry, and en-
joys a great repute. Exported to Paris, the ribbands of
Basle are so alike to the finished products of Lyons and
St. Etienne, as not unfrequently, it is said, to be pur-
chased and re-exported to Switzerland, as the choice fa-
brics of those famous places.
The manufacture of flax and hemp, although no
longer of the same consideration as formerly, was not,
and is not, without importance. The raw material for
working is amply produced in the cantons ; flax is
grown in Berne and Argovia, and hemp everywhere.
But flax-spinning machinery was operating the same
revolution in the linen as had been similarly accom-
plished through the same causes in the cotton manufac-
ture. Flax was no longer spun by the Swiss female
peasantry, except for household use. Foreign machine
spun yarns were imported from all parts, but
particularly from England. The imports of linen and
hempen yarns and fabrics amounted, in 1842, to 14,600
quintals, and in 1843 to 14,000. The transition from
spinning by hand to machine spinning was a great diffi-
culty in the way of the establishment and extension of
flax-spinning mills, and, again, Swiss linen fabrics were
repulsed by the prohibitive duties of all the bordering
states. But several spinning mills had been established,
and every confidence was felt that the linen manufacture
I would progress and prosper like that of cotton.
The woollen manufacture occupies the least important
place in the textile industry of Switzerland ; it is far
from sufficing, indeed, for domestic consumption. Flocks
of the ovine race are extremely rare, and agriculture
furnishes but a small quantity of raw material, and that
is worked up in the places where produced. The
greater part of the wool consumed is imported from
Hungary, Bohemia, Wirtemberg, and Italy. Each can-
ton possesses one or several manufactories of wool.
There are twelve in the canton of Zurich, employing 500
or 600 workmen. The quantity of wool imported in
1843 was 13,000 quintals, a portion of which, however,
only enters the country in transit. But the consump-
tion of Switzerland still requires, in addition to the
home manufactured products, a large importation of
foreign-made woollen fabrics ; in 1843, more than
28,000 quintals were thus imported. The report refers
with just pride to the fact of the wealth and well-being
which such an .extent of consumption implies. The
workmen of the towns, and the peasantry of the country
are always seen well clothed ; there is not the humble
proprietor of the most modest cottage who has not, be-
sides his holiday suit, good and warm clothing for work
days, and who does not renew it often.

THE SHUTTING UP OF HIGH
LAND PASSES.

(From the Glasgow Argus.)
We are glad to see that the illegal attempt of the
Duke of Leeds to shut up the pass to Glen Lui Beg,
amid the Cairngorm mountains, has excited so much at-
tention throughout England and Scotland. There has
been a growing disposition for soma-years, on the part
of great Highland proprietors, and the English sports-
men to whom they let their shootings, to exclude the
people from the mountain paths, to which the people
have as clear a right as any landlord has to his estate.
Fortunately, this last attempt of the Duke of Leeds,
and the odd defence made for it by the Duke and
his eccentric friend, Mr. Grantley Berkeley, have put
matters in such a train as will bring the question
to a speedy issue. The Duke of Athol, imitating
his southern compeer, has, it seems, determined to
close Glen Tilt, which he has no more right to do
than any Mr. Smith or Mr. Jones of London has to
take possession of the best bed-room or drawing-room of
Duakeld House. These great Nimrods have yet to learn
the great fact, that in the eyes of the law their fondly
cherished deer are not " game," but " vermin "—a fact
which was very elearly proved not many months ago, to
the great discomfiture of a Ross-shire laird, whose deer
were very summarily dispatched by a lowland farmer,
now settled in Ross-shire, in whose turnip fields they had
made depredations more extensive than welcome. They
have yet to learn an equally indisputable fact, that no
landlord has any right of exclusion over the wilder-
ness. Waste land, if not free for the plough and
the spade is free for the foot ;—at least there are very
good lawyers who maintain so, and any doubts that may
exist upon the question will soon be set at rest. The
right of way is in England a right most dear to the
people—a right which the common law has ever enforced.
One John Lewis, a brewer of Richmond, tried this right
against the influence of the whole Royal Family of Eng-
land, and beat it triumphantly. The 'Princess Ansel:a,
daughter of George the Third, was ranger of the Royal
Park at Richmond, and thought fit to shut up a footway
that had been used by the inhabitants from time imme-
morial. Her father and all his court supported her. The
brewer, backed by the people of Richmond resisted the
oppression ; and after a long suit, vexatiously defended,
won the cause. The Scottish law is not less clear and de -
cisive. If there is not public spirit enough in the few
Highlanders yet left amid the magnificent glens and
mountains of Perth and Aberdeenshire to re-
sist these autocratic deer preservers, there is sufficient
among the tourists of England and other parts of the
world to try the point. It will not be difficult to found an
association for the preservation of the rights of way, and
to depute half a-dozen sturdy pedestrians next season to
force the passes, if need be. We fancy the Dukes and their
gamekeepers will be rather shy of laying forcible hands
upon any pedestrians sent upon such a mission ; and we
would advise the instant formation of a society for this
very purpose. It will be well supported ; and funds will
not be wanting for a cause so noble. We invite the co-
operation of sight-seers, of the admirers of the grand
and the beautiful in nature, as well as of the friends of
popular rights in this cause. Such a society would soon
bring the Dukes to reason, and show them that what roy-
alty could not do for a few acres of ground in Surrey,
aristocracy shall not do for whole counties in Scotland.
td - - A

MEMORIAL AGAINST THE ASSOCIATION 01' .RCA
AND STATUE.—If Lord Morpeth and the Government
were sincere, when they stipulated that if the appear-
ance of the Wellington colossus on the arch was not
satisfactory to competent persons, after being "on
liking" for three weeks, it should come down—down,
unquestionably, it must come. We would suggest that
a respectful protest against its continuance on the arch,
addressed to her Majesty, should be forthwith drawn
up for signature, and should lie, during a specified time,
at some public place for that purpose. The accom-
plished professor (Cockerell), whose personal protest we
commented on a short time since, would but perform a
duty he owes the public were he to imitate this mea-
sure, and would thereby entitle himself to the thanks of
every lover of art, and of every man jealous for the re-
putation of England in matters lof taste.—The Builder.
ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF CAMPERDOWN.
—Mbnday last being the 49th anniversary of this
glorious battle, which gave the first check to the hitherto
irresistible prowess of revolutionary France, and anni-
hilated the fleet which Napoleon had destined for the
subjugation of Great Britain, was celebrated at
mCaenar:
perdown, the seat of the Earl and Countess o Ct?, p
o_
down. A large party of the friends and connixions
the. of Tho-
tinguis the occasion.
mAamr9ounigs the dis-
tinguished Viscount and Viscountess Duncan, Sir Henry family*hed vaisssictomrbslewdeorne
niLii°dny' Johnstone and family, the Lady H. Allen, Sir
Hew Dalrymple, Sir John Ogilvie, Bcc. The party sat
down to a sumptuous entertainment at seven o'clock.
Tho dinner table and sideboards were ornamented with
the splendid service of gold plate belonging to the family.
The large suite of rooms was thrown open. In the
saloon, round the portrait of the distinguished Admiral
were displayed the colours of the Dutch fleet, and in the
grand staircase hangs the celebrated painting by Copley
(father of Lord Lyndhurst), representing in full-length
portraits Admiral de Winter delivering up his sword (0
the victorious Duncan. The company did not separate
latetill a hour, and nothing could exceed the hilarity
mirth of the party. In the early part of the day
she visitors who were fond of the sports of the
'he atniis,_ment of a baitlie in the park.
',cad. of game were brought home
'Ay consisting of pheasants.

ftiltt -

tbust,. of

ti, ,Id eiljoyea
Upwards o 1
within four

hourF,,

Olxk