The Sun.
London, England, 1848-02-29 00:00:00

THE SUM', LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 29, 1846,

the very crisis of the recent struggle, when the
Chamber of Deputies was oscillating between the
rival claimants for the Regency, it was the voice of
LAMARTINE which called for the creation of a Pro•
visional Government. When that Provisional Go-
vernment was threatened with destruction by the
infuriated democrats, who were brawling before the
Hotel de Ville, and brandishing arms against the
Ministers, and shouting in a menacing accent " Du-
PONT a /a fenetre !" "MARIE a la fenetre r it was
the eloquent inspiration of LAMARTINE which soothed
the excitement of the rabble, which transformed
their jealousy into enthusiasm, and their hatred into
admiration. His apostrophe to the tri-colour (that
flag, said he, " which has made the tour of the world
under the Republic and the Empire with the liberties
and glories of France,") so affected the multitude
who, but a moment before, were raving with indig-
nation, that they beat their hands together, they
wept, they embraced him, they bore him in triumph
on their shoulders. In short, LAMARTINE—the poet
—the historian—ALPllONSE LAMARTINE has more
power in his hands at this moment than ever had the
once formidable GUIZOT. His power is not that of
stone fortifications, of artillery, of a standing army
100,000 strong--it is a power more enormous
and indestructible—the moral authority exercised by
courage, probity, and genius. In this manner LA-
MARTINE is the republican ruler of France. His
hand is visible in all the acts yet performed by the
Provisional Government, his voice is audible in all
their utterances, his rhetorical style is recognisable
in all their proclamations. And most nobly has he
employed his extraordinary influence over his country-
men ! In forty-eight hours the Government which
he has been mainly instrumental in inaugurating has
restored peace to a distracted capital, confidence to a
panic- striken nation, and vigour to the nascent
energies of the Revolution.
It has permanently abolished capital punishment
for all political offences ; and by this generous decree
has secured the lives of the ex-Ministers. Noble evi•
deuce of the magnanimity of the multitude ! "Gen-
tlemen," said M. DE LAMARTINE in announcing this
decision to the people, " Gentlemen, the Provi-
sional Government was anxious to be itself the
bearer to yeti of the last decree it has resolved on
and signed in this memorable sitting,—that is, the
abolition of the penalty of death for political matters.
—(Unanimous bravos.) This is the noblest decree,
Gentlemen, that has ever issued from the mouths Of
a people the day after their victory.—(` Yes, yes !')
It is the character of the French nation which
escapes in one spontaneous cry from the soul of its
Government.—(` Yes, yes ;" Bravo.') We have
brought it with us, and I will now read it to you.
There is not a more becoming homage to a people
than the spectacle of its own magnanimity.'"
Beyond this the Republican Ministry have decreed
the suspension of Pll capital sentences—the formation
of national workshops—the redemption by the State
itself of all articles under the value of 10 francs now
lying unredeemed in the pawnbrokers'—the adoption
of all public edifices in the name of the nation—the
eligibility and enfranchisement of every National
Guard—the transfer of the incomes of the Civil
List to the public treasury—the prolongation by ten
days of the time for payment of bills due bete een the
22d of February and the 15th of March—the
inspection of hospitals--the repavement of the streets—
the protection of women and children—the freedom
of the press—the freedom of election—the freedom of
petitioning—the absolute freedom of conscience—
the separation of Church and State—the regular
transmission of letters by post—the guardianship of
the museums, &c., &c., &c. Through the resolute
decision of LAMARTINE the tri-colour is still pre-
served as the symbol of the French Republic; and on
Sunday that illustrious Tribune of the people of
France proclaimed from the summit of the steps of
the Hotel de Ville—
" ROYALTY IS ABOLISHED!
" THE REPUBLIC IS PROCLAIMED !"

In consequence of this official declaration—a de-
claration uttered by the fervid lips of LAMARTINE—
it becomes interesting to glean from his renowned
compositions some notion of his prior opinion as to
the excellence of such a form of government, and
its applicability to France.
His great work—the Ilistoire des Girondins—has,
without any doubt whatever, been principally instru-
mental in arousing the late glorious and triumphant
Revolution, and in that splendid and most remarkable
production ALruorisa LAMARTINE has spoken as
follows :

" But, they say with Barnave" (he :remarks, Histoire
des Gerondins, vii. 8,9), " France is monarchical by its
geography as by its character, and the contest arises
in minds directly between the monarchy and the re-
public. Let us make ourselves understood

" Geography is of no party; Rome and Carthage had
no frontiers; Genoa and Venice had no territories. It
is not the soil which determines the nature of the con-
stitutions of the people; it is time. The geographical
objection of Barnave fell to the ground a year afterwards,
before the prodigies in France in 1792. It proved that
if a republic fails in unity and centralization, it is un-
able to defend a continental nationality. Waves and
mountains aro the frontiers of the weak—men are the
frontiers of a people. Let us, then, have done with geo-
graphy. It is not geometricians, but statesmen, who
form social constitutions.

" Nations have two great interests which reveal to
them the form they should take, according to the hour
of the national life which they have attained—the in-
stinct of their conservation, and the instinct of their
growth. To act, or be idle, to walk, or sit down, are
two acts wholly different, which compel men to assume
attitudes wholly diverse. It is the same with nations.
The monarchy or the republic correspond exactly
amongst a people to the necessities of these two opposite
conditions of society—repose or action, We here un-
derstand two words; these two words, repose and action,
in their most absolute acceptation; fur there is repose
in republics, as there is action in monarchies.

" is it a question of preservation, of reproduction, of
development in that kind of slow and insensible growth
which people have like vast vegetables? Is it a question
of keeping in harmony with the European balance of
preserving its laws and manners; of maintaining its tra-
ditions, perpetuating opinions and worship, of guaran-
teeing properties and right conduct, of preventing trou-
bles, agitation, factions? The monarchy is evidently
more proper for this than any other 'state of society. It
protects in lower classes that security which it desires
for its own elevated condition. It is order in essence
and selfishness: order is its life—tradition its dogma,
the nation is its heritage, religion its ally, aristocracies
are its barrier against the invasions of the people. It
must preserve all this or perish. It is the Government
of prudence, because it is also that of great responsibi-
lity. An empire is the stake of a Monarch—the throne
is everywhere a guarantee of immobility. When we are
placed on high we fear every shake, for we have but to
lose or to fall.

" When then a nation is placed in a sufficing terri-
tory, with settled laws, fixed interests, sacred creeds, its
worship in full force, its social classes graduated, its ad-
ministration, organized, it is monarchial in spite of seas,
rivers, or mountains. It abdicates and empowers the
monarchy to foresee, to will, to act for it. It is the
most perfect of Governments for such functions. It calls
itself by the two names of society itself; levity and here-
ditary right.
" If a people, on the contrary, is at one of those epochs
when it is necessary to act with all the intensity of its
strength in order to operate within and without one of
those organic transformations which are as necessary to
people as is a current to waves or explosion to com-
pressed powers—a republic is the obligatory and fated
form of a nation at such a moment. _

" For a sudden, irresistible, convulsive action of the
social body, the arm and will of all is needed; the people
become a mob, and rush headlong to danger. It can
alone suffice to its own danger. What other arm but
that of the whole people could stir what it has to stir?—
displace what it has to displace?—instal what it desires
to found? The Monarch would break his sceptre into
fragments on it. There must be a lever capable of
raising thirty millions of wills—this lever the nation
alone possesses. It is in itself the moving power, the
fulcrum and the lever."

We commend these views of M. DL LAMARTINE to
the profound consideration of those who are as yet
doubtful of the fitness of Republican Government to
France. They are views expressed in the calmness
of midnight study, and not in the turmoil of civic
insurrection. As coming from the primum mobile of
the Provisional Republic, they are worthy of a very
serious examination, and confirm the justice of the
Ministerial announcement made last evening in the
House of Commons by Lord JOHN RUSSZLL, when
the Noble Lord said, "I can assure the House—in-
deed,
I should hardly have thought it necessary to
declare it—that we have no intention whatever to
interfere with the form of government which the
French nation may choose for themselves, or in any
way to meddle with the internal affairs of that
country." So long as LAMARTINE has the direction
of affairs in France, so long will the Republic con-
tinue invulnerable, humane, and pacific, so long will
its citizens remain tranquil, happy, and prosperous.

LONDON, BRIGHTON, AND SOUTH COAST RAIL-
WAY.—By orders from the Lords of the Admiralty the
large and tine vitearnr.rs of the J3righton and s7.)ntinewzl
Steam Packet Company are now running between New-
haven and Havre.

THE FREN CH REPUBLIC.

PROCEEDINGS AT PARIS.

We resume our narrative of the events of the
French Revolution from our Afternoon Edition of
yesterday.
The following appeared in the Third Edition of
The Sun of last evening:—

The Republic has been proclaimed at Dijon, Bor-
deaux, 'Tours, and Rouen. All the judicial bodies
have given in their adhesion to the Provisional Go-
vernment.

M. CARNOT, Minister of Public Instruction, ad-
dressed the following circular to the Rectors of the
University :
__ .

'The pupils of the establishments of the Univer-
sity must feel a wish to join in the signal manifesta-
tion of joy and hope with which all France greets at
this moment the proclamation of the Republic. By
the very nature of their studies they are all fully
prepared to appreciate the grandeur of the revolution
made by the country in hoisting again the republican
banner. You will grant two days holiday to the
pupils of all the colleges and the normal and primary
schools on receipt of this letter."

The people proceeded, on Friday, to St. Cyr, to
bring in the pupils of the military school, and apprize
them of the downfal of royalty, and the proclamation
of the Republic, whiCh had been concealed from
them. The young men of the school, to the number
of 600, repaired forthwith to the Hotel de Ville, and
sent in, by a deputation, their adhesion to the Pro-
visional Government of the Republic, with an offer
of their services.
The Prefect of the Lower Seine had announced
that the Government of the Republic was proclaimed
in his department and received with the liveliest
enthusiasm.

The Palace at St. Cloud has been burnt, as well
as the Chateau of Neuilly and the bridge of Asnieres.
All the royal arms and other emblems of royalty
have been defaced.

The first act of the Minister of the Interior, in
taking possession of his department, was to order, by
means of the telegraph, the immediate liberation of
all political prisoners, and to ensure them the means
of joining their families.
Admiral BAUDIN has accepted the command of the
fleet.

The Siecle gives the following account of the
escape of the Duke DE :NEMOURS :—When the Duchess
of ORLEANS and her children left the Chamber, the
Duke DE NEMOURS followed them. Ile was reminded
of the danger in which he was placed by being
dressed in uniform. He was assisted in divesting him.
self of it, and a person who stood near him, gave him
a great coat. The Duke put it on, and we heard
him making inquiries after the children of the
Duchess. He was told that the children were in
safety, and was entreated to retire as soon as possible.
A. window was opened fur him, and he jumped into
the gardens of the Chambers.
Several political refugees from the tyranny of
Louis PIELIPPE, have left England and returned to
France. Several of the French residing in London
have signed the following address to their country-
men in Paris :

" Frenchmen,—At news of the immense events at
Paris, your brothers residing in London have asso-
ciated themselves spontaneously with the accom-
plished revolution.
" Many phrases would be necessary to express all
their sentiments, but they can only testify their
admiration of the courageous conduct you have
displayed at Paris, and their regret at having been
unable to participate in it in a manner worthy of the
cause."

(Here follow the signatures.)

It was stated at Portsmouth that France had de-
clared war with Austria, and dispatched 80,000 men
to the frontiers.

LOUIS PHILIPPE is supposed to have embarked
either at Treport, Dieppe, or Dunkirk. Her MA-
JESTY S steamer Stromboli, Commander Lord A.
BEAUCLERK, has received orders to have her steam
up, and to be ready to start, it is supposed, to meet
the ex-King so soon as his whereabout shall be known,

Prince ALBERT remained at Portsmouth when the
last accounts ldft.

The funds are a little more calm to. day. The li•
quidation of the Three per Cents. has been fixed a
73f. 85c.

The Paris papers of Sunday arrived this morning.
Tranquillity had been completely restored, and on
Saturday M. LIMARTINE officially announced a Re-
public.
The American Minister congratulated the new Go-
vernment on the revolution.

The Provisional Government, attended by 100,000
National Guards, were to proceed on Sunday to the
column of July, in the Place of the Bastile.
The Chambers of Pedts and Deputies have ac-
cepted the Republic, which has likewise been accepted
at almost all the large provincial towns. There was
some fighting at Strasburg.
The following proclamations appear in the Moniteur
of Saturday :
" The Provisional Government of the Republic
having been informed that plunderers traverse the
country adjoining the capital, burning or laying
waste private property, destroying railroads on
different points in order to intercept communications,
or attempting to burn the stations, has adopted the
most energetic measures to prevent the recurrence of.
such disorders. During the first momenta which fol-
lowed our sanguinary and glorious victory, the irri-
tated population attacked the chateaux, or country-
seats formerly inhabited by fallen Royalty—a ven-
geance to be deplored, . but which can unfortunately
be conceived under existing circumstances. To-day,
however, the people have vented their anger, and
nobody would presume to justify such attempts
against private property. Our republican population
is innocent of those crimes. Their authors are agents
of disorder, sent forth by parties reduced to despair
by the calmness and grandeur accompanying the
resurrection of the Republic. The Provisional Go-
vernment will perform its duty. Mobilized battalions
are about to march against those hostile bands. The
peaceable citizens shall be protected."

"ABOLITION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS.
" THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
" LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATARNITY.
" The Provisional Government, convincei that
greatness of mind is the supreme policy, and that each
revolution effected by the French people owes to the
world the consecration of an additional philosophical
truth—

" Whereas there is not a more sublime principle
than the inviolability of human life—
. _

" Whereas in those memorable days the Provisional
Government has ascertained with pride that not a cry
of vengeance or death escaped the mouth of the
people—
" Declares that, in its opinion, the penalty of death
is abolished for political offences, and that it will
submit that wish to the definitive ratification of the
National Assembly.
" The Provisional Government is so firmly con-
vinced of the truth which it proclaims in the name of
the French people, that if the guilty men who have
shed the blood of France were in the hands of the
people, their degradation would in its eyes be a more
exemplary chastisement than their execution."
"THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
" LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY.
" The Minister of Justice, member of the Provisional
Government of the Republic, to M. Faustin Helie,
Director of Criminal Affairs.
" Paris, Feb. 26, 1848.

"Dispatch immediately to the Attorney-Generals
the orders to suspend all capital executions which
were to have taken place in virtue of Sovereign
decrees and the definitive order which authorised
those executions.

" You will present to me the documents relative
thereto, and annex a new report to the reports
already made by your predecessor. It, after ex-
amining them, I can commute the penalty, I will
propose the modification to the Provisional Govern•
ment. As respects the convicts in whose case no
change appears possible, I will suspend all decision
until the day when the National Assembly shall have
pronounced on the question relative to the penalty of
death, 46 CREMIEUX.

"THE FRENCLI REPUBLIC.
" LIBED,Ty, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY.
" To- morrow, Sunday, 27th of February, at two
o'clock, Messrs. Arago, Dupont (de l'Eure), Albert
(an operative), Armand Marrast, Ferdinand Flocon,
Lamartine, Marie, Louis Blanc, Cremieux, Ledru
Rollin, Gamier Pages, Members of the Provisional
Government of the French Republic, will leave the
Hotel de Ville for the Column of July, where they
will inaugurate in the presence of the National Guard
and the people fraternally united, the great era of re-
conquered liberty."
" THE FRENCII REPUBLIC.

"LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY.
" The Mayor of Paris being informed that some
citizeng tr)ve mlnifeecl their intention of destrovin9:
the residences whicd have iiejoligea L° the fallen
royalty, in order to remove the very last vestige of

tyranny, reminds them that those edifices henceforth ;
belong to the nation ; that, in consequence of a re- '
solution adopted by the Provisional Government they
are to be sold, and the proceeds to be applied to re-
lieve the victims of our glorious revolution, and
compensate the losses sustained by trade and manu-
factures. It accordingly invites all good citizens to
recollect that those national edifices arc placed under
the protection of the people.
" GARNIER PAGES, the Mayor of Paris.
" Paris, Feb. 24."
Later accounts state that the ceremony at the
Place de la Bastile passed off admirably.
At Rouen some outrages had been committed, and
an attack had been made upon some English work-
men employed on the railroad. The rioters burnt
the bridge, and thus cut off the communication
between Havre and Rouen.

Marshal BUGEAUD has given in his adhesion to the
Republic, as have all the Admirals.
Admiral BAUDIN will proceed with the fleet from
Toulon to Algeri4, and from thence to Italy.

The Duchess of ORLEANS and her children are
supposed to be concealed in the neighbourhood of
Paris. It was reported that they had beers ar-
rested.

The Archbishop of PARIS has addressed the fol-
lowing letter to the clergy of Paris:—
" Monsieur le Cure,—ln presence of the great
event of which the capital has just been the theatre,
our first movement has been to weep for the tate of
the victims whom death has struck in such an un-
foreseen manner. We weep for them all, because
they are out. brethren; we lament them, because we
have learnt once more what disinterestedness, respect
for property, and generous sentiments fill the hearts
of the people of Paris.
" We must not confine ourselves to shedding tears,
we will pray for all those who have fallen in the strug-
gle, we:shall beseech God to open to them the place of
light and peace.: •
" You will consequently perform, as soon as possible,
a solemn service, to which you will give all the pomp
which your resources permit. The mass shall be
that In Dies Obitus, with Pro Pluribus Defunctis.
This service must take place as soon as you can have
given notice of it to ywur parishioners, were it even
on a Sunday. During the mass a collection shall be
made for the poor families of those who are killed
or wounded. The produce of this collection shall
be paid into the hands of the mayor of the arrondisse-
ment. The present letter to be affixed as may be
necessary. "Receive, &c.,
"DENIS, Archbishop of Paris.
_

" P.S.—ln case it may be necessary or useful to
establish temporary hospitals in your churches, you
will not hesitate to offer then, even should it be
necessary to suppress the service on Suntlay."
The hospital list shows the number of wounded to
have been 428.

The Minister of War has addressed the following
circular to the commanding officers of military divi-
sions and sub. divisions

" Paris, Feb. 26.
" General,—A great national act has just been

accomplished ; royalty has disappeared before the
sovereignty of the people. All good citizens, all men
of sound feeling, ought to rally round the Provisional
Government of the Republic. The Generals in com-

mand of divisions and sub•divisions will therefore as-
semble the troops under their command, will proclaim at
their head the new Government, and will call forth a
manifestation of their adhesion. They will afterwards

transmit without delay to the Minister of War do-
cuments declaratory of their adhesion. The Generals
will besides employ all the means in their power to
maintain discipline amongst the troops; they will sce
that their wants are regularly provided for; and they
will give all the necessary orders for that purpose.
They will concert with the administrative authori-
ties, in order that public order may he respected,
and, to that end, they w ill seek support from the
National Guard, to whom is more particularly con-
fided the task of defending our public liberties. The
Government counts that the army, faithful to its
duties, will always remain in the path of honour.
You will acknowledge the receipt of the present cir-
cular, the execution of which I confide to your pa-
triotism. " SUBERVIE."

M. C. Mitunic 6, the editor of the Courrier des
Spectacles, gives the following account of the depar-
ture of the ex-KIND from the Tuileries :

" About one o'clock in the afternoon, whilst in
conversation with the Colonel of the 21st Regiment
of the Line, who appeared well disposed, and of which
he gave proof in ordering his men to sheath their
bayonets, a young man in plain clothes, who turned
out to be the son of Admiral Baudin, on
horseback, trotted past us at a quick pace,
crying out that Louis Philippe had abdi-
cated, and requesting that the news might
be circulated. A few instants after, at the
Pont Tournant, we saw approach from the Tuileries

a troop of National Guard's on horseback, at a walk-
ing pace, forming the head of a procession, and by
gestures and cries inviting the citizens to abstain
from every unfavourable demonstration. At this
moment the expression a great misfortune' (une
grande infortuae) was heard, and the King Louis
Philippe, his right arm passed under the left
arm of the Queen, on whom he appeared to lean for
support, was seen to approach from the gate of the
Tuileries, in the midst of the honemen, and followed
by about thirty persons in different uniforms. The
Queen walked with a firm step, and cast around looks
of assurance and anger intermingled. The King wore a
black coat, with a common round hut, and Ns ore no
orders. The Queen was in full mourning. A re-
port was circulated that they were going to the
Chamber of Deputies to depose the act of abdication.
Cries of Vive la reforme!" Vive la France l' and
even, by two or three persons, Viva le Roi were
heard. The procession had scarcely passed the Pont
Touren t, and arrived at the pavement surrounding the
obelisk, when the King, the Queen, and the whole
party made a sudden halt, apparently without any
necessity. In a moment they were surrounded
by a crowd on foot and horseback, and so
crowded that they had no longer their freedom of
motion. Louis Philippe appeared alarmed at this sudden
approach. In fact, the spot fatally chosen by an
effect of chance produced a strange feeling. A few
paces off a Bourbon King, an innocent and resigned
victim, would have been happy to have experienced
no other treatment. Louis Philippe turned quickly
round, let go the Queen's arm, took off his hat, raised
it in the air, and cried out something which the noise
prevented my hearing; in fact the cries and pe/e-me/e
were general. The Queen became alarmed at no
longer feeling the King's arm, and turned round with
extreme haste, saying something which I could
not catch. At this moment I said, ' Ma-
dame, no craiguez rien ; continue; lea rangs vont
s ouvrir devant vous.' Whether her anxiety gave a
false interpretation to my intention or not I am igno-
rant, but, pushing back my hand, she exclaimed,
Laissez moi with a most irritated accent. She
seized hold of the King's arm, and they both turned
their steps towards two black carriages with one
horse each. In the first were two young children
with their faces close to the glass of the vehicle, looking
at the crowd with the utmost curiosity ; the coachman
whipped his horse violently; with so much rapidity-
did it take place that the coach appeared rather carried
than driven away ; it passed before me, surrounded by
the Cavalry and National Guards present, and Cuiras-
siers and Dragoons. The second carriage, in which
were two females, followed the other at the same
pace, and the escort, which amounted to about 200
men, set off at a full gallop, taking the water side,
towards St. Cloud. The horse in the coach in
which the King was could not have gone the whole
way, so furiously did he gallop under the repeated
lashes of the coachman, whilst the surrounding crowds
vociferated that they were taking flight. At this
moment I was accosted by M. Cremieux, who said
with truth, that we had put the royal party in their
carriage, and we proceeded together to the Chamber
of Deputies, which he entered with M. Larocheja-
quelin, who was standing in front of the building on
the square. After the King and the other members
of the Royal Family had arrived at St. Cloud they
got into an omnibus and went on to Versailles. It is
said in several of the French journals that they then
reached Eu, and from thence went to Treport, and
there embarked in the Furet steamer for England,
and that on arriving there the King had an apoplectic
attack which caused his death. As we have not re-
ceived the London journals of a later date than Fri•
day morning we cannot tell what degree of credit is
entitled to the report of the King's arrival in Eng-
land; but we can state that up to Saturday afternoon
the Provisional Government had received no account
of his death."

The Duchess of MONTPENSIER arrived at the
French Embassy in London yesterday afternoon, and
Louis PnimrrE was expected to arrive at Portsmouth
last night.

The latest accounts of Louis PiumrrE state that
he was at Dreux, with only one five-franc piece in
his pocket. The small sum of money which the
QIJEa had taken with her in their flight having be-
came exhausted. Nothing was known of M. GUIZOT.
It is said that the Austrians have sent 20,000 men
to assist the King of NAPLES, anti that it is deter-
mined to march troops to prevent Austrian interfer-
ence in the affairs of Italy.
The Marquis of NORMANDY has sent off dispatches
to the Foreign-office announcing the establishment of
the French Republic. The answer of Lord PAL-
MERSTON is expected in Paris with the greatest
anxiety. . . .

ii6iNLSS l'OitEl6N IL\ll-0, Al' i;
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, FEB. 28.
Boulogne and Amiens, 7:,3/4 —Central of France (Orleans