The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY

ARUNDEL FAT STOCK SHOW.

This show was hell on Tuesday. The exhibition of
cattle was considered to be of a superior order. The
dinner in connexion with the show was at the Norfolk
Arms. About 130 persons were present. The Duke
of Norfolk presided, and his Grace, we are happy to
say, was looking remarkably jocund and well, consider•
ing the fatigues he bad lately undergone. At his right
sat Edward Howard Gibbon, E-q., Mayor of Arundel ;
Sir H. D. Goring, Bart., John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.,
and R. Prime, Esq. On the left were the Earl of March,
M.P., and Lord Edward Howard. The Earl of Arundel
filled the vice-chair.
The Duke of Nortromc, in returning thanks for his
health, took the opportunity of expressing his acknow-
ledgments to the inhabitants of Arundel for the propriety
of their conduct during the royal visit, and to the yeo-
manry for the excellent manner in which they acquitted
themselves.
The Earl of MARCH acknowledged the toast, " The
Members for the County." He was sure every one who
had seen the exhibition of roots must have been grati-
fied. He had there seen potatoes the produce of the
garden of a cotter which would do honour to any far-
mer in this country. It would be his endeavour and
earnest hope to meet them upon these and upon simi-
milar occasions. Before he sat down he would propose a
toast which every one would drink with pleasure. He
should not drink it as anything connected with that
town, though that could be a sufficient excuse, but he
proposed it as a contributor to that society—" The Earl
of Arundel."
The Earl of ARUNDEL acknowledged the toast.
The Earl of ARUNDEL proposed the health of " Mr. J.
A. Smith." Drunk with three times three.
J. A. Ssirrii, Esq., in returning thanks, said he agreed
almost entirely with what had been said in support of
these associations, and at this particular moment they
were doubly important. He was one of those who thought,
and had long thought, that the labouring classes in this
country had not attained that state of ease and comfort
which was commensurate with their importance, and he
had perceived with satisfaction that public attention had
been of late drawn to these societies; for though in many
cases the strictures had been unjust, he welcomed even
these strictures, as public attention was thereby called
to this important subject. Great as might be the effects
of these societies as to cultivation and other matters, he
looked with much greater interest and attention to their
effect on the labouring classes.—(Load cheers.) He
was one of those who should never think that
the proprietors of land in England had done their duty
fully till something more than now existed was done
to enable the labourers to be independent of parisn re-
lief.—(" Bravo.") He looked anxiously forward to the
time when some general means might be taken to enable
the labourer, by savings in his youth and manhood, to
prepare for sickness and old age.—(Hear.) He believed
that great as was the glory of England as compared with
the rest of the world, that a poor man had a legal right
of protection against want and destitution; great as that
glory
.was, he felt it would be much greater if by benefit
societies, or some such means the poor by small contri-
butions might provide against sickness and old age.
Competition was now to be the order of the day ,• it fell
hardest upon the poor, and it was the bounden duty of
the landlords of England to soften that trial as far as
possible.—(Cheers.) If the Noble Duke would permit
him, he would give effect to his opinions by lodging in
his hands a sum of money, which should be given, on
conditions that his Grace should determine, to the man
who during the time had made the greatest preparations
for the future to protect himself from want in sickness
or ald age, and this sum should be such a sum as would
be worth having, and a real object to a man, and would
better his condition. The sum that he would give for
this purpose was 25L—(Loud cheers.)
The Noble Chairman soon after left the chair, and the
company broke up.—Brighten Guardian.

ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY

OF ENGLAND.

The first of two lectures intended to convey an ele-
mentary demonstration of the substances which enter
into the composition of plants and soils, was delivered on
Wednesday evening before the members of this society,
at the theatre of the Polytechnic Institution, by Dr. John
Ryan, Professor of Chemistry in that establishment.
The lecture was of a strictly elementary nature, being
confined to an explanation elucidated by a number of in-
teresting experiments of the chemical properties of the
four elementary bodies which enter into the organic
structure of plants—namely, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon,
and nitrogen. The facts described, though already
known to all present who had the slightest knowledge of
chemistry, were, however, put forward in so pleasing a
manner, and the experiments by which they were illus-
trated were so successful and striking, as to draw forth
repeated marks of applause. Among the more interest-
ing points mentioned, and one of the least known, is,
that nitrogen, which was so long regarded as a nega-
tive body in nature, of use only in diluting the
oxygen of the atmosphere, combines with oxygen under
the action of electricity, and more especially during
thunder-storms, in the form of nitric acid, and thus de-
scends as a manure to the soil, in nitrate of potash, ni-
trate of soda, and nitrate of lime. This is probably one
reason why vegetation should be most exuberant in
countries where thunder-storms are of most frequent
occurrence, and why, even in our own climate, plants
present a luxurious appearance after violent thunder.
Nitrogen abo combines with hydrogen to form ammonia,
that invaluable principle in manure; and it is said that
during thunder-storms this combination takes place in
the atmosphere, and that nitrate of ammonia, a most
fertilising salt, descends at such times to the earth. The
lecturer concluded by going through the process of
testing the preserce of ammonia in guano or other ma-
nures, by the use of muriatie acid and caustic potash.
By adding a little of the potash or of caustic lime to the
guano, the emu onia is disengaged, and on applying
muriatie acid to the mouth of the retort, becomes at
once visible in a thick vapour.
At the conclusion of the lecture, a vote of thanks was
voted to Dr. Ryon, and was presented to him by his
Grace the Duke of Richmond, as president of the society

The Earl and Countess Grey are expected to return
to town this afternoon from Osborne House, Isle of
Wight. The Noble Earl will entertain his colleagues
at dinner on Wednesday, the 16th inst.
SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE SHOW.—This exhibi-
tion was opened to the public at an early hour on Wednes-
day morning, and if the number of visitors who passed
through the gates during the day may be considered any
criterion, it appears to have lost none of its popularity.
The Duke of Richmond, president of the club, arrived
at the bazaar about ten o'clock, and together with se-
veral of the stewards who were in attendance, went
round the yard, minutely examining the various classes.
General %Vemyss, who has the honour to officiate as
farm steward to the Prince Consort, was also an early
visitor. The demand for stock during the day was very
dull, and few sales were effected. Towards evening,
however, the trade brightened, and purchases were made
more freely.

FUNERAL OF THE LATE MARCHIONESS (DOWAGER)
OF WESTMINSTER.—The mortal remains of the late
Marchioness (Dowager) of Westminster were interred
in the family vault at Eccleston Church, near Eaton
Hall, on Friday last. The Marquis of Westminster, the
Earl of Wilton, Lord Robert Grosvenor, and her Lady-
ship's grandson, Earl Grosvenor, attended, with the lead.
ing tenants of the Eaton estate. The Rev. Mr. Massie
read the funeral service.

THE RECENT FIRE AT
m GRAVESEND.—Up to Wed-
nesdaythe ruins of the late
Gravesend, volumes o f satiodk, esiinsEguurar from
fire at
of flame burst forth occasionally as
it
may
appear, 'bodies
tinue to sift the rubbish, with theas the labourers con-
salvage. Notwithstanding the amount of insuranceclaims have
view of obtaining
effected reached 30,000 L, the whole f
been satisfactorily adjusted, and
consequently the
uently the work
of clearance preparatory to the re-erection
buildings for the opening of the West-street of the
hasnew
con-
siderably progressed. Considerable difficulty, it appears
has been experienced in obtaining an unanimOns opinion
as to the advisability of taking the whole of the erections
to be made a sufficient distance back to make the pro-
posted street an ornament to the town, and of increased
value to the parties holding property there. It is, how-
ever, understood, from a meeting of the corporate au-
thorities, held yesterday, that it is decided to put back
the whole line of houses full nine feet, so that they
shall fall in continuity with the Talbot and Privateer
Hotels. This will give twenty-four feet width to; he
street, instead of fifteen, the previous width of West-

street.
Wellington Statue, which was
_lf the . . .
NOTICE.
not taken away by the 21st of this
two months ago,
isldto defray the expenses.—Punch.
month, it will be so
left on the top of the triumphal arch in Piccadilly, about
•FAlR.—This great horse an s E
commencedCATTLE o n
ood attendance of gentle-
men Wednesday, and there was a g
and well-bred carriage
and horse-breeders. young
to double harness
MARKET lIARBOROUGII
colts sold well. Horses adapted
each;
hunters of good
fetched from 26 to :30 guineas
GREATd st ock life?:
hunting heavy coun-
well-seasoned horses, adapted for
several pairs of
ties, realised from 70 to 80 guineas;
bays or greys,
well-matched carriage horses, either
pedigree sold at prices of 40 to 10and 60 guineas; and
• k field, fat
from 20 to 24 guineas eac. In the bullock fetched 90 to 100 guineas ; good cover hacks fetched
cattle sold off quickly at remunerating prices to the stock
dealers.
SUDDEN DEATH OF AN AGED OFFICER.-Wednes-
day, Mr. William Carter held an inquest at the King's
Arms, Carlisle-lane, Lambeth, on the body of Frederick
William Fische Nosse, aged 77, lately residing at No. 1,
Mount-gardens, Westminster-road. The deceased was
formerly a colonel in the service of the late Emperor
Alexander. He had also been a major in the Prussian
army, and had likeeise been constituted Major de Place
in Brussels, to receive the hundreds of troops from the
battle of Waterloo, in which battle he had also taken a
prominent part. The circumstances connected with his
death were these:—On the night of Saturday last, about
ten minutes before twelve o'clock, a noise was heard in
the deceased's bedroom, and when a young female,
named Emmeline Johnson, went to close the kitchen
shutter& for the night, she looked through the windows
of the deceased', bedroom, and there saw the unfortu-
nate gentleman lying on the rug before the fire. Having
called for assistance, the female and other parties en-
b-red the room, when they found deceased apparently in
an insensible state. Without loss of time Mr. Berrel, a
surgeon, was called in, but not in time to be of any as-
sistance. Mr. Peter Berrel said that he had prepared
medicines for deceased during his lifetime, which had
been prescribed for him by his own physician, and he
(the deceased) had told him that his disorders were a
complaint of the stomach ar d affection of the heart. He
(
had not died from apoplexy, but it was certainly a na.
tural death. Verdict, " Natural death."

LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN

RAILWAY COMPANY.

-...----
A special general meeting of the proprietors of the
London and North-Western Railway was held yesterday
afternoon, at the Euston- square station, for the purpo 0
of considering the exp. (11( nu of leasing the Shropshi e
Union Railways and Canal, of purchasing the Dunsta-
ble Railway, and of leasing the Scottish Central Rail-
way, in conjunction with the Caledonian and Lancaster
and Carlisle Railway Companies. Mr. George Carr
Glyn, chairman of the board of directors, in the chair.
The CHAIIIMAN said he was glad the meeting gave
him an opportunity of explaining and removing the
doubts which seemed to prevail in reference to the amal-
gamating which had been going on in the county. It
was well known that he had always been an advocate
for sound management and the due and proper observe
ante of the rights of territory. Hitherto the tributaries
and branches of the railway system had originated with
private companies; but when their Acts were obtained
their tributaries and branches had been invariably
handed over, on lease and purchase, to the larger com-
pany whose districts they intersected. It was for the
purpose of carrying out that principle that the present
meeting had been called together. A good deal of mis-
apprehension prevailed upon the subject of the
liabilities of this company, for at the present
moment they were practicably not liable for one
single guarantee whatever—he meant not practicably
liable so far as the interest of the company was con-
cerned. The only guarantee the company was Habit>
for was the guarantee to the North Union Company,
whose line was held jointly with the Manchester and
Leeds Company ; but, in point of fact, there was no
liability involved in the guarantee, because the traffic of
the line returned considerably more than 10 per cent.,
the guaranteed interest—the guarantee of 5 per cent. to
the Coventry and Nuneaton Company, which, if the line
could be transferred to a private individual, would not be
considered an unprofitable speculation; the guarantee
to the London and Birmingham Canal Company, the
traffic of which also returned more than the amount
guaranteed, and the guarantees to the Bedford and
Buckinghamshire lines, which would prove of great ad-
vantage, to their own line, because it opened
up a communication, he might say, from Norwich
in the East, to Oxford in the West. Those
were all the guarantees they were liable for at
present, but, as he said before, in point of fact, they were
not liable at all, because the lines themselves would all
return considerably more than the money guaranteed to
them. The liabilities he proposed they should enter
into now were based upon precisely the same principle.
The first was a guarantee of half the premium of their
own dividend and half the surplus profits
to the proprietors of the Shropshire Union
Railway and Canal, an extensive range of
line from Wolverhampton and Birmingham to Shrews-
bury and Wales. The capital of the company was con-
siderable ; it amounted to four millions six hundred
pounds, but the returns of the existing traffic were equally
great, and ultimately there could be no doubt it would
more than compensate them for the guarantee. The
second was for the purchase of a small line to
Dunstable, at the actual expense which had
already been incurred, and the third was for
a guarantee of 7 per cent. to the Scottish
Central Railway, but that guarantee was a joint one,
in conjunction with the Caledonian and Lancaster and
Carlisle Company, and they would only be liable for so
much of the guarantee as would be equal to the through
traffic that would flow upon their own immediate lines.
He concluded by moving a resolution affirming the
agreement for the lease of the Shropshire Union lines.
Mr. ENTWISLE, M.P., said, while he admitted to a
certain extent the force of the principle with
which the Honourable Chairman set out, he could
zintghheyamocceeumpipeadni3n,.
enmotitctoendcferaelom
from
his
ehaitmegsoerlyf
ethfaltiathhie Hon.
litie theehleaairnms an had
to
the
Had these liabilities been mentioned, the amount would
rHe of
el Holyhead tCo ot mh
ep a:lya •11,
have been considerably augmented ; and, under these
circumstances, he objected to the liabilities it was pro-
cahneds tet hr
ea
nir Birmingham
pro-
posed they should now enter into, particularly the gua-
rantee to the Scottish Central Company,
Mr. Cassort urged the directors in future to forward
to each proprietor the terms upon which it was proposed

to lease lines.
The CHAIRMAN replied that the estimate he made at
their last meeting of their future prospects included the
liabilities alluded to by the Honourable Member for
South Lancashire, and the details of those liabilities and
future prospects, which he could not make public,
were open to the proprietors. With regard to
the suggestion of the second Honourable Proprietor, lie
could only state that it would involve the sending out of
upwards of 10,000 circulars, and the directors, without
the authority of the shareholders, could not take upon
themselves the trouble and expense of such a proceeding.
The resolution was then put and carried unanimously,
as were also resolutions approving of the other two
agreements.
The CHAIRMAN then rose to explain the course
he had taken in reference to the Birmingham and
Oxford line. There were two distinct charges
preferred against him: one was, that in some way or
other he had interfered detrimentally to the settlement
of the negotiations for purchasing the line when it was
supposed to he disposed of; the second was, that he had
neglected making overtures of peace till the last hour—
in fact, that he waited till a cabal had been got up in
Lancashire upon the subj( ct. Now, every one knew
that he was an advocate of peace, and to show that he
had kng been so he need only allude to what occurred
last year. A negotiation was then opened for peace,
and Mr. Brunel and Mr. Carter met as the accredited
agents of the two companies, and arranged the terms, but
the Great Western, at the last moment, refused to

agree to them.' Still he was opposed to welfare be
tween the two companies, he considered it detrimental
to the interests of the public and the shareholders, and
only calculated to benefit the lawyers. Enterta,ning
these views, therefore, and knowing Mr. Russell per-
sonally, he again made overtures to bring about peace,
believing that where there was a will there was
a way, and the result was, that Mr. Russell de-
manded that ho should consent to the ex-
tension of the broad gauge from Fenny Compton
to Wolverhampton, but he particularly and unequivo-
cally refused to give such consent. Subsequently, Mr.
Saunders and Mr. Swift were appointed to negotiate as
the accredited agents of the two
parties, and Mr.
Saunders, at the first meeting, again demanded that the
broad gauge should be conceded to the Great Western
Company, but Mr. Swift refused to agree to it. At a
subsequent meeting Mr. Swift proposed that the gauge
question should be left open, to be fought in the next
session; and now the negotiation seemed to be draw-
ing to a favourable close. A few hours afterwards, how-
ever, another meeting took place, and now Mr. Saunders
proposed that the gauge question should be referred to
the counsel of the Great Western Company,
but Mr.
Swift refused to agree to it, but proposed that it should
be referred to the counsel of either comPanY, or to the
newly constituted railway board. Mr. Saunders refused
both proposals, and the negotiation went off. Now, how
had he interfered to perpetuate the warfare that had
been going on? But he need not dwell further on that
point, because he [had received a letter from
Mr. Russell since the meeting of Friday, in which
he withdrew the first charge. With regard to the
second charge, he would mention that the memorial
from the north did not reach his hands till
the Wednesday previous to the Great Western
meeting, and he wrote the letter which had been
so much commented upon in the hope of again laying
the foundation for peace. Had he felt inclined to take
advantage of the cabal, he would have communicated
with the directors of the Birmingham and Oxford
line rather than the Great Western Company. Ile was
perfectly justified in proposing a joint lease, because it
was pretty notorious that the wants cf the public were
increasing to such a degree that they requires another
line. Now, would it not have been better that the
Birmingham and Oxford, and the Buckingham
lines should have been used to take off the
surplus traffic, rather than they should be put to the ex-
pense of laying: down double rails? Viewed in that
light, he was quite convinced Parliament would have
sanctioned a joint lease, and he warned the Great Wes-
tern Company
efafre.eehTaheproientlyiplepowienrtes
toopbeenefdountdo
tern Company not to carry their principle of
citnho their own district. Still he was for peace, and he yet
hoped that ere long it would be come to.
Mr. CASSEN, who made the second charge against Mr.
Glyn, said that at all events the chairman must admit
that his letter was ill-timed.
Mr. IlLis MOGLEY, of Liverpool, explained the course
which he had taken upon the subject, and declared that
the question of the Birmingham and Oxford purchases
was not settled yet. Like their Honourable Chairman,
he was for peace, but if the Great Western were deter-
mined to test the powers of an unwholesome competi-
L den, why let them.
A vote of thanks was then passed to the Chairman,
and the meeting broke up.

GAOL-BREAKING.—On Wednesday night, a prisoner
named Mackenzie made his escape from Elgin gaol in a
very bold manner. The door of his cell was left open,
by the doctor's orders, the prisoner having been ill and
vomiting blood. Taking advantage, the prisoner forced
the lock of the passage door with one of th© iron hooks
of his hammock, and having taken some fire from the
stove, broke open a small door leading to the garret.
There the prisoner set fire to the roof, and burned a hole
through
which
to hh e
t e
clambered, and, fixing another hook
of the hammock water
pipe,
swung himself on to
the enclosing wall, thus escaping unobserved. He has
not yet been retaken. He made his escape some time
ago from Forres gaol, and also from Gray's Hospital, to
which he had been removed from gaol,
suffering under
the same complaint.
FORTUNATE ESCAPE.—Wednesday afternoon Mrs.
Dixon, the lady of Mr. Dixon, proprietor of the horse
bazaar, Barbican, had completed some purchases at
Waterloo House, Charing-cross, and had just resumed
her seat in her phaeton, when the horse took head, and
set off at a furious rate before the driver had mounted
the box. Fortunately the phaeton came in collision with
a coal-waggon, opposite Northumberland House, by
which the body of the former was detached from the
shafts.
with
liberated, continued its onward
pace s heels, until it reached
dthauhso iiiatit
St. Clement's Church, whereg it was stopped, without its
injuring either itself or any person. Mrs. Dixon had
the presence of mind to keep her seat.
LATEST NEWS FROM NEW ZEALAND.—The fol-
lowing Tthhee horse,sfets,
intelligence has been brought by the West India
mail:—" The latest date from Wellington, vid Panama,
is the 4th August. The Ralph Bernal arrived at Wel-
lington on the 15th July, and will load for London after
discharging her cargo at Auckland. The oil fisheries
were very prosperous, and it was fully expected they
would prove sufficient to load three ships for London.
The Governor was, with all the disposable troops, attack-
ing the insurgent troops in the neighbourhood, and no
doubt was entertained Of a successful isoue."