The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 7, 1846.

tails, as almost to render credence impossible. Accord-
ing to the accounts principally in circulation, over-
tures for the renewal of hostilities with the British
have been made to the AMEER and the associated
chieftains of Affg'aanistan, by a Vakeel or ambas-
sador, from no less august a personage
than MAHOMED SHAH BADSHAH KAJTJR, the
King of Persia. The solemn reception of this
illustrious Vakeel by the head of the Kuzzilbashes ;
his ceremonious introduction to the durbar ; the in-
terview which subsequently occurred in the Ameer's
garden, between MAHOMED AK BAR KHAN and the
Persian envoy, and the agreeable hobnobbing which
followed thereupon, are so invested with the colour-
ing of fiction, that we are almost inclined to regard,
the narrative as a stray leaf shaken from Mr. LANE'S
translation of the " One Thousand and One Nights,"
than a sober dispatch received during the September
of 1846. Whether the Shah of PERSIA be really
adventurous or designing enough to instigate his
neighbours, the Affghanistan warriors, to another
outbreak, and whether the AmEErt has sufficient
sagacity to resist the rather powerful temptation of
his imperial brother, are circumstances which can
only be developed by time. DOST MAHOMED KHAN,
the wisest and most moderate among the Affghai.s,
is reported to have been considerably affrighted by
the daring proposition of the Persian Sovereign, and
in the prudence of the .AMEER'S character we possess,
possibly, the best guarantee that this wild and auda-
cious scheme will be rejected by his fellow-country-
men, and ultimately relinquished in Persia. Al-
though the Wuzeer almost promised 20,000 Seikhs,
and MAHOMED AKRAM KHAN 30,000 Kohistanees,
for the expedition, on condition that its expenses were
liquidated out of the Persian exchequer, we can re-
main satisfied until the arrival of additional intel-
ligence, firstly, because of the awe which has been
stricken into the hearts of the Seikhs and Afghans
by the prowess of our soldiers; secondly, because the
envoy is not explicitly accredited ; and, thirdly, be-
cause of the name which DOST MAHOMED KHAN has
acquired for forethought and moderation.

The directors of the South-Eastern Railway have
determined to exhibit to the public the strongest
proof of the necessity of some controlling power, by
which the indiscreet and injurious acts of the
managing bodies of the different railway companies
may be restrained and checked. It would appear as
if they were resolved to furnish an unanswerable
argument why the regulation of the fares
should be taken out of their hands, or, at
least, placed under a vigilant supervision.
In every instance in which reductions of fares have
taken place there has been a more than proportionate
increase of the traffic, and while a great benefit has
been conferred upon the public at large, the com-
panies themselves have derived a larger profit, have
won golden opinions from the people, and at the
same time obtained a larger dividend on
their shares. It is hardly possible to con-
ceive that any body of men should be so
blinded to their own interests, so imbued with
erroneous views, and so totally reckless of the good
opinion of the community as, at this particular period
—immediately after the prorogation of Parliament,
by which the possibility of legislative interference is
precluded for some time at least—to increase largely
the rate of charges by their different trains. This
the South-Eastern Company have thought proper to do;
and the case is aggravated by the fact, that they rested
their opposition during the last session of Parliament
to a rival project chiefly on the ground that they had
made great reductions in their fares, which were then
probably cheaper than almost any other trunk line in
the kingdom. This moderation on the part of the
directors of the South-Eastern Company it is gene-
rally supposed was the chief cause of the rejection of
the North Kent line, by which a great saving in the
distance to be travelled would have been afforded to
the inhabitants of the greater part of the
county. Dover, itself, would have been brought much
(sixteen miles) nearer to the metropolis, and
thus the greater part of the passengers proceeding
to the continent would have been secured by the
North Kent. Perhaps there is no other of the trunk
lines in England that would have so much reason to
fear competition, or to dread the sanction of the
Legislature being granted to an opposing railway.
The circuitous route, by which the greater portion of
the passengers are obliged to travel, in order to
reach their several destinations—the greater distance
to be traversed is in itself a grievance of sufficient
magnitude, and one which could only (if at all) be
compensated by the greatest attention to the public
interests in all other respects, an extraordinary degree
of accommodation, and, above all, a special care that
parties should not be compelled to pay an increased
price for the additional space over which they were
taken. The most specious promises were held out by
the directors, they complacently pointed out to Mr.
MORRISON'S Committee that the fares of the
South-Eastern Company had experienced a
greater reduction than even those on the London
and Birmingham line. The correctness of the con-
duct of third-class passengers was borne honourable
testimony to by the chairman of the company, and, in
fact, little was to be desired on the part of the
managers, except, perhaps, a greater degree of punc-
tuality—a stricter adherence to the specified times
of the departures and arrivals of the dif-
ferent trains. Many, on the faith of the
implied promise held out by the company, took
country places, calculating their expenses according
to the old and long-continued scale of charges. On
such persons, the nature of whose avocations acquire
an almost daily attendance in town, an injury has
been inflicted ; an additional expenditure of 155., 20. i.
or perhaps 30s. per week has been rendered neces-
, sary—a serious matter to many who are obliged to
look closely .to their outgoings, to manage their
incomes with the utmost degree of prudence, economy,
and foresight. It is not too much to say that the
additional charge would in many instances have
deterred the parties from a residence in Kent or
Sussex, and would have induced them to select their
country quarters in the neighbourhood of some rail-
way whose directors would not in their corporate
capacitycommit an act of which each, as an individual,
would scorn to be guilty. The manner too in which the
increase has been effected has been most unwise and
injudicious ; it has been higher, in proportion, on the
class least able to afford it, and greater for short than
long distances. Thus, for the entire distance the
advance has been to express and first-class passengers
10 per cent., or from 18s. to 205., and from 15s. lo
16s. Gd. ; to second-class passengers 20 per cent., or
from 10s. to 125.; and to the third class 22. -
-per cent., or from Cs. to 7s. 4d., being the
highest amount they could possibly charge. For
shorter distances it is much greater—ex. gr., the
change in the old and new fares to Tunbridge Wells
are as follows, viz.:—

OLD FARES. NEW FARES..
Express Bs. 63. I Express i Os. Gd.
Ist Class 7s. Od. Ist Class Bs. 63.
23 Class 4s. 6d. 23 Class 6s. 63.
3d Class 2s. Bd. 3d Class 35.103.
being an increase of 221 per cent. on the first class,
and no less than 45 per cent. on the second and third
class. This increase is the more objectionable when
it is considered that the passengers are taken 11 miles
additional ; the distance by road being 35 miles only,
while by the railway it is 46 miles.
Again, to Maidstone, where 22 additional miles
must be traversed, the charge is as follows :

Trains.

Old Fares. New Fares.
s. d. s. d.
Express
Ordinary first-class
Ordinary second class 4 6 6 6
Ordinary third-class

being an increase on the express of 371 per cent.,
on the ordinary first-class 28A- per cent., on the
second-class 44 per cent., and on the third-class
50 per cent. We trust that the directors
will not obstinately persist in the error they
have committed, but that they will speedily, and
with a good grace, yield to the strongly-expressed
feeling of the public, and, by an immediate recur-
rence to the former charges, make all the amends in
their power to the parties injured. By so doing
they may obtain a pardon for their mistake ; but
should they persevere, a just retribution will convince
them that they have miscalculated the extent of the
national forbearance.

A.question of considerable importance, connected
with the unfortunate failure of the potato crop in the
south of Ireland, has recently come before the petit

sessions at Permoy. It appears that a common
custom, prevalent throughout the greater part of that
kingdom, is for the farmer to contract with his
labourers for their employment for a period of twelve
months, and that a part of the remuneration given
consists of a house, and a plot of ground for a crop of
potatoes, possession of which is given to the labourer
on entering into the agreement, and the stipulated
price is liquidated by the labour of the tenant, at a
certain rate per diem, who is said to be working
against his rent. It is but justice to the humbler
classes to state that hitherto these engagements have
been most religiously observed and punctually ful-
filled on their parts; and that though the rents
demanded and obtained have been very high, and far
beyond the money value of the premises, scarcely an
instance can be mentioned of default in giving the
stipulated quantity of labour. Their entire re-
sources in the earlier part of the year are devoted to
the cultivation of the plots so let to them : on these
they expend their time, their labour, and the residue
of their last year's crop as seed. And they look for-
ward to the return therefrom as affording the only
means of subsistence to themselves and families from
the time of the incoming of the potato crop. Their
humble wants are satisfied with the food and shelter
they so obtain, and they are enabled thereby to give
their labour without any money payment therefor.
In the present year, however, circumstances have
differed materially from what they have been on ordi-
nary occasions. A fearful visitation of PROVIDENCE has
blighted the crops, and threatened famine and desti-
tution throughout the country; the potato gardens,
on which their little all was expended, have been
totally destroyed ; the produce is unfit for human
food, and not worth the labour of digging. The
wretched cottiers are left without food of any
description, and without the means of procuring a
single meal for their starving families. They repre-
sented to their employers the miserable condition to
which they had been reduced, the utter impossibility
that they could, continue to work out the rent agreed
on ; that flesh and blood required support, and that men
could not labour without the means of sustaining
human nature ; they could not bear the tears and
lamentations of their famishing children, and see the
partners of their cares and sorrows pine away before
their eyes ; and they concluded with the moderate and
reasonable request that the farmers would pay the
wages for their labour in cash, and permit the
rents of the gardens, now a mass of rottenness,
'to lie over as a civil debt, to be defrayed at
any future period when a more favourable
state of things might exist, and there would be the
possibility of a surplus to be applied towards its
liquidation. This, however, was in the majority of
cases refused ; they had set their seals to the bond,
they had entered into a contract, which should be
fulfilled, per fas et nefas. The rustic IShylocks
were resolved upon exacting their pounds of flesh.
Those who would probably have to apply for allow-
ances to their own landlords demanded by the
universal failure—who would justify the falling into
arrears of rent by the imperative necessity that
existed of sustaining their own families before any
portion could be applied to the satisfaction of the
claim, had no bowels of mercy for their poorer
neighbours, and would not yield to the argument
which they felt to be of peculiar force in their own
cases. They had recourse to an old statute, 43 Geo
111., cap. 86, which has frequently been acted on in
similar cases, and which provides "that labourers
refusing to work, or neglecting their work during the
time for which they should be engaged, might be com-
mitted to gaol for any time not exceeding six months,
or to the House of Correction, to be kept to hard
labour, for any period not exceeding three months."
This stringent enactment was the power by which
the farmers sought to enforce work from the starving
men. The wives and children were to be driven to
the workhouses, while the husbands, the fathers,
would be hurried off to gaol to expiate, as criminals,
the non-performance of an agreement which it was
morally impossible that they could specifically per-
form. A number of summonses were obtained under
the statute alluded to, and it is hardly necessary to
say that the proceedings were watched by the multi-
tude with the most thrilling and intense interest. ' It
is impossible to estimate what would have been the
consequences of a conviction. It is said that hunger
will break through stone walls, and we can only
faintly image to ourselves the riots and disturbances
that must have inevitably ensued in such a case.
Extraordinary measures would, indeed, have been
necessary to preserve the peace of the districts so
painfully menaced.
This result was, however, averted by the talent and
ability of the professional gentleman (Mr. CARROLL),
who conducted the defence. He boldly impeached
the previous decisions, 'as having been made on
erroneous grounds, and argued " that the statute
only applied to cases where the hiring was for
money wages, or where the employer was willing to
pay the labourer in cash, without making any de-
duction for the rent of his house or potato garden.
That the agreement was only a civil contract, on
which the farmer might proceed for the recovery of
the debt, when due, before the assistant-barrister, or
by any of the other means afforded for the recovery
of such debts." A difference of opinion took place
amongst the magistrates on the bench, three being
of opinion that they had the power of committing
the defendants to prison, and wishing to exercise
that power, while four adopted the argument of Mr.
CARROLL, and took the more humane, and, as
it eventually proved, the more correct, view of
the enactment. It was finally determined that the
cases should be postponed for the opinion of the law
advisers of the Crown ; and we are happy to say that
that opinion has been in accordance with that of the
majority of the justices, and that it has been pro-
nounced not to be within the summary jurisdiction of
the justices under the statute.

By this decision the peace and tranquillity of the
country will be preserved, and an extraordinary
amount of human suffering be averted. It is cer-
tainly a hard case on the farmers, but the loss must
eventually fall on those best able to bear it—the re-
presentatives of the wealth and property of the country.

The Levant Mail has arrived, bringing intelligence
from Constantinople, Smyrna, and Athens.
The Smyrna papers of the 21st state that ME•
HEMET ALI sailed on the 17th from Constantinople,
in the Turkish steamer Esseri•Djedid, followed by
the Egyptian steamers Nile and Boulag. The Journal
de Constantinople of the 16th gives the following
particulars of his visit

" Mehemet Ali, it is expected, will leave to-morrow
evening by the Ottoman steamer Esseri-Djedid. He
will be attended as far as Cairo by Amid Bey, first
Chamberlain to the Sultan. During the stay of Mehemet
Ali in this capital, which has been nearly a month, he
has been everywhere received with marks of the highest
distinction, and his visit will, doubtless, tend to consoli-
date the relations between Bg3 pt and the mother country.
During the stay of the Viceroy in the Turkish capital,
he has given away in charity and presents the enormous
sum of fifty millions of piastres. He has received mag-
nificent presents from the Sultan and Sultanas; amongst
the number are a brilliant, weighing 27 carats, and valued
at more than a million of piastres, and six vases of solid
gold, enriched with diamonds."
The same journal says, in reference to the recent
disturbances in the Turkish provinces bordering on
the Black Sea

" The inquiry into the disturbances at Erzeroum
is being actively carried on ; the authorities in
this case give proofs both of their firmness and modera-
tion. According to the last accounts received from the
Hadjara, a second engagement had taken place, in which
the rebels had been defeated. There is no doubt but
that, with the reinforcements which Eumer Pacha has
received from Constantinople, order will be speedily re-
stored. In a few days we shall doubtless learn that no-
thing remains of the disturbances but the punishment to
be inflicted on Keur Hussein Bey, the leader of the re-
bellion."

An Ottoman squadron, consisting of two ships of
the line, three frigates, four brigs, a schooner, and
two steamers, is about to sail for the Archipelago.
The Athens journals of the 20th state that some
fresh shocks of an earthquake had been experienced
rt Messinia, which had so alarmed the inhabitants
that they had encamped in the open fields. It was
rumoured in Athens that some of the more turbulent
spirits on the Thessalian frontier were organising an
invasion of that province with the tacit consent of M.
COLETTI, the Greek Minister. Some pirates had
captured a small vessel off Nicaria, and had put the
crew to the sword.

Letters from Rome of the 22d ult. state that the
Papal Government is about to contract for a loan
with native and Belgian capitalists, for the pur-
pose of converting the Five per Cents., 1144

thus reducing the expenditure of the State
to a level with the revenue. The Legates
and Delegates of the provinces have been ordered to
return a list of all public functionaries, stating their
capacities and their salaries. It is also proposed to
enter into a convention with France for the transpor-
tation of condemned convicts to Algiers.

The Government of Saxony has acceded to the con-
vention concluded between Pilissia and England on
the subject of international copyright. This fact is
announced in the Cologne Gazette.
A letter from Vienna, published in the Hambargh
Correspondent of the 29th, states that Prince MET-
TERNICH was occupied at Kaanigsburgh with the
question of Schleswig-Holstein. It will be regarded
generally in a federal point of view, and the resolu-
tion of the Diet will have the force of a law. All
the German Governments are in accord on this point.

Madrid papers of the 29th August have arrived.
The Gazette publishes the following decree, an-
nouncing the approaching marriage of the QUEEN :-
" We, Isabella 11., by the grace of God, and by the
constitution of the kingdom, Queen of Spain, to all whom
these presents may come, make known, that having re-
solved to contract a marriage with our cousin, Don
Francisco d'Aesis Maria, in order that the previsions of
Article 47 of the Constitution may receive their accom-
plishment, using our Riyal prerogative, and arter having
taken the advice of our Council of Ministers, we have
decided on convoking, and do convoke bythis present or-
donnance the Cortes of the kingdom for the 14th Sep-
tember next. To this effect we do command that on the
said 14th September in this present year the Senators
and Deputies be assembled in the capital of Spain for a
meeting of the Cortes.
" Given at our palace this 28th day of August, 1846.
" I, THE QUEEN.
(Countersigned) " Minister of the Interior,
" PEDRO PIDAL."

MADRID BOLSA, AUG. 29.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 36 358 for cash ; the Four per Cents. at
22 ; the Five per Cents. at 23 ; the Passives at 6i;
and the Coupons at 201.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.
The Constitutionnel has a long article on the sub-
ject of the marriage of the Queen of SPAIN, in the
course of which it states that Lord PALMERSTON has
expressed his objection to the marriage of the Duc DE
MONTPENSIER with either the QUEEN or the INFANTA.
" The Ministers," says the Constitutionnel, "readily
assent to that exclusion, as respects the QUEEN, since
that marriage was always refused by the Court of
France ; but they will assent with less resignation to
the exclusion as respects the INFANTA.
The following address in reply to the Speech from
the Throne, was agreed to by the Chamber of Depu-
ties on Thursday by a large majority.
" Sire,—The Chamber of Deputies has promptly re-
sponded to the call of your Majesty. The will of the
Charter bad to be accomplished, and we were all anxious
to lay before the constitutional throne our respect and
our oaths.

" Your Majesty announces to us that at the period of
our ordinary labours you will lay before us measures
connected with the domestic and foreign affairs of the
State ; we will then enter into an examination of the
questions which regard all the interests of the country,
its prosperity, and its grandeur. But at the present mo-
ment we have a mission to fulfil which we love,—France
has charged us to bear to you the faithful expression of
the sentiments with which she is penetrated towards you
and your family.
"In honouring us with her suffrages, she has loudly
declared that between her and you, between her and
your dynasty, the alliance is indissoluble.
" Sire,—You have learnt from your youth to love and
serve France ; there are no trials which you have not
su orted, no dangers which you have not every day
inerred, to secure her repose and her happiness. Pro-
vidence protects you, and will prolong that reign which
the will of the nation has founded fur the safety of our
laws and of our liberties. Both your children and ours
will reap the fruits of our common efforts, and, as the
highest recompense, your name will live blessed and re-
spected in the memory of the country."
In the course of the debate, M. DUCHATEL, the
Minister of the Interior, stated, in reply to M.
LARABIT, that the Government had adopted measures
to prevent a recurrence of the incendiary fires ; and
that several incendiaries were in the hands of justice.
M. LAROCIIEJAQIIELIN thought it right to defend the
Legitimatist party from the accusation that they were
connected with the incendiaries, and the subject
dropped.

The Chamber at its rising, was prorogued to the
11th of January.
Mr. COBDEN arrived at Bourdeaux on Sunday.
He was received by M. DUFFOUR DUBERGIER, the
Mayor, and invited to a grand banquet to be given
in his honour by the Free Trade Association on
the 4th September, which invitation he at once
accepted.
The Marquis of NORMANDY has left Paris for
Vichey.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on
Thursday at 84f. 35c. ; the Five per Cents., 1221. 10c. ;
the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,277 f. 50c; Rouen, 9681. 75c.;
Havre, 7121. 50c. ; Great Northern, 7201. ; Avignon,
930 f. ; ViAerzon, 633 f. 75c.; Bordeaux, 580 f. ; Boulogne,
4951. ; Basle, 220 f. ; Fampoux, 400 f. ; Dieppe, 390 f. ; Paris
and Strasburg, 500 E ; Tours and Nantes, 508 f. 75c. ;
Paris and Lyons, 535 f. ; Lyons and Avignon, 4951. ; Bor-
deaux an& Cette, 4871. 50c.; Spanish Domestic Debt, 34% ;
Ditto Passives, 51%.
The following are the quotations for the new lines :-
LYONS., SEPT. 1.-Avignon and Marseilles, 9121. 50c.;
Northern, 708 f. 75c.
BUSIXE SS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, SEPTELIBER 4.
Boulogne and Amiens, 13%-Direct Bombay and Madras, %
-East Indian, % -Louvain a la Sambre, PA -Namur and Liege,
2 % -Orleans and Bordeaus,B % -Paris and Rouen, 374 -Rouen and
28.

THE STUN EXPRESS.—The Queen's speech was de-
livered by ,commission on Ftiday afternoon, and copies of
The Suit newspaper containing the speech, were for-
warded to this city the same evening, by Mr. Murdo
Young, the spirited proprietor of that promptest of all
prints.— Western Times.
DEATH OF SIR ROBERT PRESTON, BART.—Sir
Robert Preston, Bart., the oldest of that class of title in
the empire, expired at Blackadder on the 30th ult., in
the ninetieth year of his age. He was born in 1757,
being the may son of the celebrated General George
Preston (Woo at one period was commander of the
Royal North British Dragoons), by the daughter of
James Johnston, Esq. He married his consin, daughter
to John Preston, Esq., of Gorton, and had issue, amongst
other chit lren, Robert Preston, Esq., formerly a
major in the army, who succeeds to the title and estates.
The latter are in Lincolnshire, Somersetshire, and
Perthshire, and the family of the deceased were known
as the Prestons Walleyfield, in the latter county. The
title, a S,2otch one, was created in 1637, and the sixth
baronet having died in 1834 without any issue on the
male line, of the first baronet, the title reverted accord-
ing to patent of creation to the nearest male collateral
relative, thie deceased, who was the representative of the
first baron e,t's nearest brother.
A SECOND BERNARD CAVANAGH. Lord J.
Manners vi sited at the workhouse John Harden, a
pauper of di:sensed mind, who is now for thirty-three days
without haA ing taken a particle of solid food. The un-
fortunate m an is little altered in person, except about
the regions of the stomach, which is sunk in and quite
reduced. Ire is compelled, with great difficulty, to take
a 'togging or two of broth in the twenty-four hours.—
L irverick Chronicle.

The Alf_nal's Friend Society, of 18, Strand, last
week, by tn eans of its officer, Murray, charged William
Dauber, the driver of the cab 8,280, before Mr. Cotting-
ham, at thi, Southwark Court, with having very cruelly
beaten and kicked a horse (alleging that it v.as blind
and obstinate), and with having put a nosebag, on it to
prevent its snorting from fear of the blows. He was
tined 20s. a ad costs.

The tr:lde of our Custom-house last week amounted
in its resu Its•. to well nigh double the ordinary average
for some ti me back ; the remittances for the period
stated having nearly reached 13,000l.—Greenock Ad-
vertirer.

DENBY DIKE SIDE PlE.—The following are the
contents at id dimensions of the Denby Dike Side Pie,
prepared for the celebration of free-trade principles :
Two sacks of flour, five sheep, seven fowls, seven brace
of partridge s, two pheasant; half a calf, two geese, two
turkeys, ht tres, rabbits, &e. This enormous pie was
twelve incl.tes high, seven feet in diameter, and seven
yards in circumference.—Doncaster Gazttte.
THE Fb-RVEST.—The harvest of grain crops in this
quarter i.:s all but ended, and with such glorious weather
for a finial- as we are seldom blessed with. Hop pick-
ing has be en general for a week past, and the crop will
be abundant and of fine quality. Everywhere in this
district tb.e aftermath presents a most luxuriant appear-
ance. Many farmers are cutting it for a second crop of
hay; we .are informed by one gentleman in the neigh-
bourhood. that his aftermath averages two tons to the
acre, and. that his case is not at all singular. We be-
lieve there never was a greater abundance of keep in the
country tbr.an at present.— Worcester Herald.
FREI.lit •OF NATURE.—Among ft litter of pigs a
few days ago, from a ssw belonging to Mr. Joseph
White, B tsLow, was one presenting a most extraordinary
appearant ;e. t had only one eye, and that a large one,
in the middle of the forehead; it had a natural mouth;
four " mottles" on one sido of its head, and one ear
much larger than the other. Over the eye was a round
trunk, abt)ut two inches long, and the thickness of a
man's finger. It lived some time, but was killed by the
sow lying on it.—Derby Mercury.
PLAN OF THE PARISH OF TWICKENHAM, MIDDLE-
SEX, wrru Boon.. or REFERENCE —ln this plan—which
is drawn on very large scale, and for the accuracy the
name of Mr. Warren is alone a sufficient guarantee—
every mansioi 1, house, field, and road is clearly marked,
and its boundaries distinctly laid down. Each com-
partment thus marked off is distinguished by a number,
and by lookiu g at the number in the book of reference
we find the 'name of the proprietor, the description of
the property, and the quantity of land it occupies. The
whole is executed in the most artist-like manner, and it
reflects great credit on the accuracy, diligence,
and
artist-like tote of its designer, Mr. Warren.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS
(From The Sun of Saturday Evening.)
The Cotton market at Liverpool yesterday was firm.
Sales, 8,000 bales, making 66,730 for the week. The
stock was 998.000 bales at the outport on the 4th of
September, 1045, against 741,500 bales now.—Shares
were flat again yesterday.
The private accounts received from the West Indies
this morning are considered of a favourable character.
It is with regret we find by the advices from the
United States and Canaria that the wheat, the cotton,
and potato crops are likely to be short. Upon this sub-
ject we are thin advised:—
" From extensive inquiries we believe we may safely
state that almost one-fourth of the whole wheat crop will
be lost from the effect of rust ; but in consequence of the
rank growth, and an extra quantity of land sown, the
yield on the whole will not be less than last year.
" A gentleman who has sixty acres of land in potatoes
in the Miami bottom, informs the Cincinnati Chronicle
that his potatoes are rotting rapidly in the ground, and
in digging in several parts of the field, for the purpose of
ascertaining if the rot was general, he stated that the
smell arising from the ones already decayed, was almost
past endurance, and that he did not expect to save one
hundred bushels out of the whole field. All that he
has seen have the black spot described. A dealer in
Cincinnati last week purchased a lot of potatoes, at
which time they were apparently in good order, and
when he was rolling them out for the purpose of shipping
them, the head fell out of one of the barrels, when he
discovered that a large portion of them were spoiled ;
and upon examining them he discovered a black spot on
the surface which passed through the potato.
" The accounts received yesterday from Red River
are quite discouraging for the cotton planter, the im-
proved prospects which we noticed some time ago hav-
ing disappeared since the visitation of the caterpillar.
We have letters before U 3 from Alexandria, under date
of the 6th instant, which mention that this insect is the
regular army worm, which committed such havoc in
1840, and that it has now generally made its appearance
in Rapides and the adjoining parishes, threatening to
inflict great injury on the crops. The same complaints
begin to reach us from Bayou Sara, and some apprehen-
sion is felt lest the visitation should become general
throughout the cotton growing region.
" The first bale of new cotton, of the season, states the
Republican, was received in Savannah on Wednesday,
by the Central Railroad, from Macau. The staple was
much cnt in ginning, and the colour is represented as
dull, quality about middling fair. The consignee not
being able to obtain the price asked for it, 10 cts. per lb.,
shipped it to New York.
" Indian corn and other fall crops are suffering se-
verely for the want of rain. It is feared that the corn
will fall far below the usual average the present year.
On the other hand, the wheat is abundant, and of an
excellent quality, generally averaging 631bs. or 651bs. per
bushel."
The weekly return from the Bank of England shows
the following changes, as compared with the items of its
predecessor:—
An increase in the notes issued of 221,900/., or to
29,875,8901.
A decrease in the Rest of 58,8401., or to 3,554.3701.
An increase in the public deposits of 299,2101, or to
7,142,2121.
A decrease in the other deposits of 912,1581., or to
9,161,1581.
A slight decrease in the seven days' and other bills.
A decrease in the other securities of 617,3761., or to
12,395,4571.

A decrease in the notes in the banking department to
9,449,760/.
The increase in the amount of bullion and specie of
189,4021., or to 16,366,0681.
Consols for Money and Account have been firm to-
day, the former at 968 I, and the latter at 961 Ex-
chequer-bills have gone back a shade, as have also
India Bonds. Bank Stock remains at yesterday's value.
In the Foreign Stock Market we have to notice an
improvement in Portuguese Four per Cents. to 48, and
in Spanish to 39i for the Three per Cents. In the other
Stocks the changes have been slight.
The Railway Shares are mostly in dull request.
ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES.
3 per Cent. Reduced 9554N2 951/
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 9614 Vs 96
New 314 per Cent. Annuities 985A3/4 98.

'4 98%
Long Annuities toexpireJan.lB6o 1014 10%
Ditto 30 years, Oct. 10,1859 lO IA; 3-16 10M
Ditto 30 years, Jan. 5, 1860 10 3-16
India Bonds, 1,0001 29 29
Ditto under 1,0001... . . 29 30
Consols for Account.— .... . .
Exchequer Bills, 1,0001., 11,4 d -17 20 15 pm. 15
Ditto 5001.
Ditto Small .. 17 20 15 pm. 15
OXE CLOSING
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK PRICES
Brazilian. Bonds
Ditto, New, 1829 and 1839-- 883/4 883/
Danish Bonds, 1825, 3 per Cent BBl4l/ 88%
Ecuador Bonds
Granada Bonds, 1 per Cent. 20% 20%
Ditto Deferred 3% 3%
Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cents 37 37
Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent .. 47 48 47 47
Ditto, Account 47% 48 47
Russian Bonds .......... 110% 110%
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
Ditto, Passive
Ditto, Account 27% % 273/4
Ditto. 3 per Cent 3914 391 A
_ _ 391/ Qql/

Ditto, Account
Venezuela Bonds, 2 per Cent 43 43
Dividends on the above payable in London.
PRICES OF PAID. BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RAILWAY SHARES -`" AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Aberdeen
Amber.. Nott., Boston,
and Eastern Junction 2%..... 21/1 214
Armagh, Coleraine, and
Portrush .... 1%
Aylesbury and Theme.. 1%
Belfast & County Down 2%
Birmin. and Gloucester. 100 130
Ditto New 17%

Birmingham and Ox-
ford
Junction
Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire June.... 23/4
Boston, Stamfd, & Birm. 225. .-
-
_ _

Bristol and Exeter
Ditto, New
Bristol and Gloucester... 30 ......
Bristol and Liver. Junc . 21/2......
Buckinghamshire
Caledonian
Ditto Half Shares...... 21/:-. — ......•• ..... 13/4
Ditto Extension ... .. 21/Y
_ _

Cambrian & Grand Junc 42s — ....
Cambridge and Oxford.. 1 N l%
Central Kent
Chester and Holyhead... 27% — •• ... —
Churnet and Blythe
Chester and Manchester 425.
Chelteaham and Oxford 2
Clydesdale Junction ..... 15
Cork, Blackrock, and
Passages
Cork and Killarney ... 2%
Cork and Waterford ... 1%
Cornwall
Cornwall & Cent'lDevon 2%
Derby and Crewe 2%
Direct Lincoln, East Rat-
ford, and Sheffd. Junc. 2%
Direct Manchester

2,r,••••••• •••
54
n's) ingto
k's)
2%
Rem
trie
(Ras
Ditto
Northern
Direct

Direct Norwich -
Dublin and Belfast June. 10
Dublin, Belfast, and
Coleraine
Dublin and Galway..... 4
Dundalk & Enniskillen 71/2
Easterneounties 14/. 16s —
Ditto New lO/. 16s. —
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, No. 1. 6/. 13s. 4d....
Ditto ditto. No. 2... 6/. 13s. 4d...
Do., York Extension.. 105.......
EastDereh'm andNor'cli 1
Eastern Union 33 ..... •
Ditto. Quarter Shares 834
Do. Exten.(llarwich) 17/6 — ......... .....
Do., Camb. and Ely.. 21/i
East Lancashire
East Lincolnshire -
East & West of England 1%„....
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 .....
Ditto Half Shares ... 10

Ditto, Quarter Shares 121,,E
...... ..._
Ditto, New ... 121/2
Edinburgh & Northern.. 10
Edinburgh and Perth... 3
Ely and Huntingdon ... 71/2...... - -
Enniskillen and Sligo ... 2%
Exeter, Yeovil, & Dorset 514,
Glasgow, Kilmar.,&Ayr 50 .....
Ditto, New .. 15 .
Do., ii, Shares (5 per
cent. guar.)

Glouc.,AberystWith,and
Central of Wales

Goole, Doncaster, &c. .. 425:
Grand Union (Notting-
and Lynn
Great Eastern &Western 21/2...... ••• ••

GreatGrimsby and Shef-
field
Great South. and West.
(Ireland)
Great Munster 2l/2
Great North of Scotland 21/2
Great Northof Englaa4.loo .229
Ditto New 5
Ditto, New . . —
Ditto, New
Great Western B5 147
Ditto % Shares 5O
Ditto 1.. i Shares lO
Ditto Fifths

Guildford, Fare'm,Ports. 5 ... ..
Harwich and Eastern
Counties Junction ... 2 ......
Hull and Selby SO
Ditto 14 Shares
••• —
1)o. Half Shares 25 -
Inverness and E1gin...... 2 .. . ..
Ipswich & Bury St. Edm. 9
Do., do, and Norwich 21 -
Irish North Midland ... I%
Killarney Junctions l4
Kendal and Windermere 11,4
Lancaster and Carlisle... 45
Do. New
Larne, Belfast, and Bal-
lymena
Leeds and Bradford
Leeds and Carlisle
Leicester & Birmingham 225. — ...... •••••••• ---
Leicester and Bedford... 225.
Leeds and Dewsbury ... 171/
Leicester and Tam w., Ike. 425.
Lpool., Mnchstr, & New-
Zcastle Junction
Liverpool and Bury ... 14 .. ... .
London and Blackwall. 161. 135.4 d. ... —
Do. New
Ditto Extension ~, 5 ...... .. --

London and Brighton... 50 ...... C3l/3
Ditto, Fifths 3O ••••••
London and Croydon, 13/. 15s. 9d.
Do. Guaran. 5 per cent. 9 - ••• me o• ... ••• .....
London and Greenwich 12115 s 4d !--
Do. Prcfnence ...18117s 2d —
London, Hounslow, and

. _
Western
London and N. Westernloo 2051/2 '204 204
Do. Quarters . 2
. Do., co., New Shares..
Ditto Fifths
Ditto, Eighths (G. J.) 121/2
Do., New 14 Shares
(G. J.) —
Do. 401. Shares (L.M.) 6
Lond. & S.Western 41/ 6a 10d 7114 71 711,6 xd 72 x d
Do. New Consol. Bths 40 — — --
Do. New
Do. New -
,g
London atld York 2l/2 — ... . 2lB
Do. 1/, Shares -
London and Windsor . 1A ... .. -
London, Salisbury, and
Yeovil
Londonderry& Coleraine 121...... .... 5%
Londonderry and Ennis-
killen
Lynn and Ely
Lynn and Dereliam l5 - “.. —
Manchester and Leeds .. 82
Ditto 1/L Shares
Do. Quarters 2
Do. Fifths
Do. Sixteenths ... 614
Do. Extension 42s.
Manchester and Birmin. 40
Do Quarters (A).
Do. Quarters (B) ... 5
Do. Quarters (C) 1
Manchester,Buxton,and

Matlock 42g....... p l% p
Manchester, Birm., and

Mould Junction .. . — —
Manchest. & Southampt. 2 ...... 1 A 1.4 .
Midland
•
Do. Fifths 2 —
Do. New
Do. Birm., and Derbyloo
Midlnd& East. Counties 2%...... % %
Midland Great Western
Irish
Newcastle and Darling-
ton Junction 25 ..—. 42%34 42 172
Do. New
Newcastle mid Berwick 15
Do. North Shields ... 25
Newcastle and Carlisle...100
Newport &Abergavenny 21/ ......
Newry and Enniskillen 41,4
Newark, Sheffield, and _

Boston ... 1%..... 3/4.. ........ ..
Norfolk
Do. Half Shares i 7
Do. Tenths

Do. Extension
North British ... ..... ... 25
Do. Half Shares ll ...... ......... .. ... 1614
Do. Fifths 5
Do. Carlisle Extens. 114 —
North of Norfolk 23/4 .... .... .....
Northern and Eastern... 50
Do. Scrip (issd. 5 dis.) 45
Do. Quarter Shares... 12%
Do. New .. 1
....
N. Kent & Direct Dover 2% — ...... .......
P...,
North Staffordshire 42s. ...... 33/4 p • 35/s
North Wales
Northern and Southern

Connecting
Northampton, Banbury,

and Cheltenham . -
2
Nottingham & Mansfld.
Oxford, Worcester, and
Wolverhampton
Oxford, Witney, and
Cheltenham....
Pilbrow Atmospheric ... 1 .....
Portsmouth Direct ...... 33/4
Preston and Wyre
Do. 1A Shares
Reading, Guildford, and
Reigate
Richmond
Rugby, Leamington,iad
Warwick
Scottish Central
Do. New 2l/.a...
Scottish Midland lO
Do. Extension
Sheffield, Buxton, Leek

Potteries, andCrewe... 1%
Sheffield & Manchester 100
Do. Quarter Shares... 8
Do. Lincolnshire June. 11%
Do. & Great Grimsby. 10
Do. do. Extension 425. ....
Shrewsbury and Birm... 2 %.... . ... •• ..
Shropshire Union
Shrews., Wolverhamp.,
&S. Staffordsh. Janc. 21/2
Sligo and Shannon l%
South Devon... B5
South Midland 42s.
South & Midlands June. 425. .. ... —%
South Staffordshire Junc,„ 21/2
South Eastern & Dover 331/s 43%1/s 431/8
Do., No. 1 20
Do., No. 2.
Do., No. 3
Do., Ne. 4 . 21,4 — ... —
St. Alban's, Hatfield, and
Hertford Junction ... 425. — ........ .....
Staines and Richmond... 1
Stafrordsh. & Shropshire 23/4
South Wales 5
Swans. & Loughor & Ca-
. _.

meron's Still. Coal. ... 2 -
Taw Vale Extension ... 2
Tring, Reading, and
Basingsteke
Vale of Neath
Wakefield, Pontefract, &
Goole
Warwickshire Sz London 425.
Warwick and Worcester 425.
Waterford and Kilkenny 8
Waterford and Limerick 221/
Waterfd,Wxfrd,Wicklw,
and Düblin
Wexford, W aterford, and
_ _ .

V alentia
Waveney Valley ... 2 - -•
Welsh Midland
West Riding Uni0n...... 425. 2% p 2% p
West Cornwall —
WestLondon,Old Shares 20
Wexford and Carlow ... 21,
Wisbeach and St. Ives... 2
Wilts, Somerset, & Wey-
mouth
Worcester,Hereford,Ross,

and Gloucester 42s.
Worcester, Tenbury, and
Ludlow .... ... . 2% — •••
Worcester,Warwick, and
Rugby
York and Carlisle 2% . ..... ...... • 3%
York and North Midland 50
Ditto % Shares .. 25
Do. Scarboro' Branch. 25
Do. Selby 3O
Do. Extension 2O
Do. East and Westßid-
ing Extension

FOREIGN RAILWAYS.
Anglo-Belgian 4
Barbadoes .. 1
Boulogne and A miens... 14 ...... 13%1/2.. ...
Bordeaux & Mediterran. 2 '
Bordeaux,Toulouse, and
Cette (Mackenzie's)... 2 ..... 1% l%
Do. (Espelete's) ..... 2 ... . ..
Calais, Dunkrk, and West
Flanders
Calcutta and Diamond
Harbour ....... ........ 75.......
Callao, Lima, and Pacific
Coast 1 .. ... ... .. .........
Central of Spain ... .
Ceylon
Demerara 2% ... .. ... —
Dendre Valley —
Direct Bombay and
Madras
Dutch Rhenish 6 —
East Indian ... ..... .... ss.
Eastern Belgian Junctn. 2%
Fampoux & Hazebroak 4
Great Indian Peninsular ss. ......
Great Western Bengal... ss. .....
Great Western Canada... 314 ......
Italian and Austrian 3
Jamaica S.Mid. Junction 1
Jersey . ... 1
Louvain ala Sambre ... 5 ... . ••
Luxembourg.
Lyons and Avignon 2
Madras - 1
Madras, Nellore, and
Arcot
Madrid and Valentin.... 2 „, ..
Mauritius ..
Namur and Liege
Nn of France Constituted 5
North Jamaica... ...... ... 1
Orleans and Vierzon ... 10 ...
Orleans and Bordeaux... 6
Over Yssel 4/ 3s 4d
Paris &Lyons Constituted 5
Paris and Orleans 2O
Paris and Rouen
Paris and Strasbourg
Constituted
Rouen and Havre
Sambre and Meuse ...... 8 ....
Strasbourg and Bale ... 14
St. Laurence & Atlantic — —
Tours and Nantes Con-
stituted ......... ...... 5
Tournay, Jurbise, Lan-
den, and Hasselt....... 8
Trinidad
West Flanders ...... .... 6
JOINT STOCK BANKS.
Australasia
British North American 50
Colonial 25
••• —
Commercial of London 20
London Joint Stock lO -
London & Westminster. 20
National Prov. England. 35
National of Ireland 22% — ...... ...... ...
Provincial of Ireland ... 25
Union of Australia
Union of London lO — -

Real del Moute Unregd.

Mr. Cobden arrived at Bordeaux on the 30th ult.,
and was received by M. Duffour Dubergier, the Mayor,
who had, in July last, met with a cordial reception from
his present guest at Manchester. Mr. Cobden accepted
an invitation to a grand banquet, to be given in his
honour on Sept.;l, by the Free-Trade Association of that
place.
A FINE OF 3,0001.—At a special Court of Commis-
sioners of Sewers for the liberty of Westminster, held
on Friday, Mr. W. H. Jenkins, of Paddington, builder,
was sentenced to pay the large fine of 3,0001. for setting
the orders of the Commissioners t 4 defiance.

HER. MAJESTY'S CRUISE.
ST. HELIER'S. JERSI.,Y, SEPT. 3-
This town is in the heigh!, ot er,thusiasm, as the Qui:"
arrived this evening in the roads, and will land to-mor-
row. A general illumination ttik,'s plat to-night. Tiro
are about 40 variegated arches under which her MojestY

WEE LAND MAIL

INDIA.

We I. (From the Times.)
lette have
received by express, from Marseilles,
re and papers from Bombay to the 18th of July.
e rainy season continued, and the fall was such
t° satisfy those who desired much of that most
prr4luable element in India—water. Tranquillity
/pit ailed throughout the whole of that continent,
di4t
Perhaps, one exception, viz., the unpaid and
b isfied troops of the Nizam ; but they cando
lit little.
The cholera has lessened its ravages at Kurrachee,
41vil4ere it destroyed several thousand persons during
thei,„daYe• The troops had lost about a fourth of
Carle umber. Every praise was bestowed upon Sir
ttiftererss Xepler for his kindness and attention to the
J. ~
• S Only two officers had died—viz., Captain
Da 3.Seto
e•on, of the Bombay Fusiliers, and Lieut.
Gross°nt of the 12th regiment of Native Infantry.
tt?.. exaggeration of the insalubrity, &c., of Sinde
o Ws
the theme of some of the Bombay
"BPaPers
Fro •
%ere. From the Punjaub there is no news. All was quiet
St The Governor-General and Lord Gough were
Where the rain was falling in torrents.
,e,,e departure of Sir George Arthur from the Go
'LLoSe
mt of Bombay was fixed for the sth of August.
Ni:llg Continuance of ill-health is the cause of his
111. theetaent• Mr. L. R. Reid, the senior civil servant
4or Bombay Council, was to succeed him until a
eriior nominated in London shall have arrived.
error
is a hope
e
°it expressed that the Court of Directors
~..grant Sir George Arthur a pension.
line retirement from the bench of Sir henry
to/etart Which is expected in November, has given rise
the.eeh talk respecting his successor. The want of
tip alree ;
g, Judges allowed by the charter is much felt
Of bitnuaY. The result of the penury in the Court
Illto„t ,reetcrs which saves the salary of one judge, is to
144-Z he whole decisions of the Court into the
buts of the Chief Justice. It was expected (with
klilittle reason our readers are aware) that Sir
Ikeoto.,
Bluer ° Perry, the puisne judge at Bombay, would
4,
bad Pe next Chief Justice : his judicial conduct
Lie great satisfaction.
qe4,,,,ii,tenent-Colonel Martin, Deputy-Adjutant-
detit,;°f her Majesty's troops in the Bombay Presi-
V' died at Poonah on the lath of July.
114; take the following from the Bombay Gen-
rittt4tn:B Gazette, principally on account of the
appewhich has been directed here to the
ktti ll:lat,rtnent of Mr. D. Pollock as Chief Justice of
J
statehie et4lll to England of Sir George Arthur, the
-fret,!°l Bonaba long expected from the infirm
beb•• his health, is' now finally determined on, and
107,4 t George will leave our shores about
ti4BeBe„ vceK in August. We regret to say, repeated
attacks of illness have much debilitated our
the Pat oi,_-Tovernor, who strove long
.and courageously
• stt "'a evil da, but the suggesstions of his friends_,
t'ut °ing recommendation of his medical advisers, and
-e'llasill,et, of his family,have at length prevailed, and
tittaiz'emetantly yielded to their united wishes. We
take
opportunity after his departure, of saying
teink of his vernment—contenting ourselves
hlltitCrir the Preseet with e gporessin a hope that he may find
A‘k *.ttotive land that health whichg he has lost amongst
tb-1111 are perfectly conviced that Sir George
tensen application to business has been
'll lig▪ lab,le:°f those attacks, which render is return to
in the midstof the monsoon, a measure of ab-
tc, up in
of 411 „ Vt 37. Another subject of very great interest
g IS the appointment to the seat on the bench
-put reMe Court, about to be vacated by Sir Henry
isew'lef Justice. Many are, and have been, the
Stiots
on this subject; and the public anxiety is
411 aPitst to learn whom Government will appoint to
4511,11titi o'tice of such high trust and responsibility. The
101 char of the Supreme Court, as contemplated by
oke „--"‘er, required the appointment of three judges.d
Norickeeniary con-iderations we have only two, and
b, the
consequences of this parsimony is, that whe.n-
,th:re is a. difference of opinion the Chief Justice
voi,-,easting voice, and a decision, without a majority
fee Duisl, gives little' satisfaction to the profession or to
lb. This is a grievance. where appeals are so
80 restricted. Bombay is increasing every year
C.lrtanee, and ought not to be deprived of every
1714117 legitimate advantage, to which the charter
4,4 eb,,e general feeling of the community deem it to
,`BB i'tid. A ain the climate is so very hurtful to
Vropean constitution,g that frequent absence from
Ire ."Sy, and short trips to more healthful localities,
<kiperatively necessary to keep the judicial mind and
1 in working vigour. Here there is no long vaca-
6s-the whole year requires the presence of at least
htt`i?ldge. Every Monday and Thursday throughout the
814,„._18. judge sits ihnencelaha.mbers, and to discharge the
140:'''e.dutiee of the One of the judges, under
biA..iteumstances, will be found as frequently absent on
the of quasi sick leave as he can without detriment to
ti)tiPlilic. If there were three judges we could afford
loils IP one to become generally absent, but it becomes
t another question when we are allowed only two.
a obvious, that under present circumstances the
katti,,Tial who is to fill this high office is anxiously re:
.by all of us, and we hope sincerely that Govern
Well consider the qualifications of candidates
'be• t-l-Qa37 decide a question of such grave importance.
,kr,'"tiatession to the Chief-Justiceship has, of late
'Bcv tacken place from the Puisne Justiceship, and we
oo sounder principle of succession. The cu.
'11(1 -"eel of the country seem to require it. In Eng-
ts% la barrister practises at either the equity or eom-
brakil bar. He is comparatively ignorant of the
bpai Which he has never practised. Either a cora-
esl. hilisarn'toorthane equity man, coming fresh from the
Indian bech, would, immediately
4attiela Ettrival have to preside, if appointed Chief
41,414:i Over equity, common law, admiralty, ecclesi-
;'it
ForaMalometn and Hindoo laws, with all
r4etsll, vjitt--tfi ea dons. . the efficient discharge of
t 'o duties a practised judge is
,required. A
Effie "tation from the home bar must be at. least
ktli this countrbetorehe can be considered
the el,`it. then,appoint any barrister to
teie 4111stiee p Governmenthe becomes for two years an in-
Nee tit
Pte4icie olf 'the con rt, and having the casting
blot ° deter 1
114 sg, mine all questions, wherever he and his
tql Ltlerloed junior judge happen to differ. Our
l':iiaiet:Fitesito to the home authorities would be—if
etZik.s'ti-o'neut,eursnelves that they would__ attend to any
f',4ltte„, from a source so humble and so distant—
Your supreme courts in India after this
Wig•
slir ,end us out one equity judge, one common law
al;4l,°,_Prorriote our present puisne to the chiefship.
i'attehl teen have our number complete, as contem-
'44th the charter, and confidence from the profession
Illtavkectifblie reposed in men who have each acquireala
j gie of this pecular branch of the law. It would.
tinitbnY unwise, but disgusting to the legal profession
V', to see a man placed over the head of Sir
io.itsselo the for upwards of five years, has applied
athii with utmost diligence to make himself tho-
L4Blel,YcQuversant with his judicial duties. How far he
114 40`e:eeded would ill beware us to presume to expresse
an
for upon ; and we probably shall have little
-"wide 'c't going so far as we have done into an honest
'erlition of his just claims to promotion."
s• iu (From the Boaabay Times.)
o news for the
,14%th-e Supplies almost the only
1.4 The seaport of Kurrachteoep,lethe. healthiest and
glio,'Nurite military station, has everh since it became
INI7II to us been visited triennially y cholera. In
.1830,
buY•4Ttin in 1842, the amount of suffering occasioned
'talit "as terrible, yet slight compared to that which it
4404 endured. Between the 13th and tile. 23.td
.no-f
el4dahctve 8,000 human beings were cut off b
3-1 len
sally
895 Europeans, of whom 815 were fighting
a,-es this, 595 sepoys, and it is believed about 77000.
camp-followers and inhabitants of the town, have
Sat 'he pestilence had quitted Kurrachee, and
_wtas°oldi.
'44(1-1!.,1Y creeping up the river. Fever of a very fa al
;13:4 Made its appearance amongst the European
41tt,-,„' Sukkur—its triennial visit is to be
i'is a„"„ar• Her Majesty's 17th had chiefly suffered
'04:;t" they were to be moved down, while her Ma-
488th were to move up to Hyderabad. Official
-IStle of the finances, revenue, and mortality in
y\t, eilreclafirm all that has been said by the Indian papers
1,71,0 s -/Ite most of what has been urged by
}T11(14, ;at home. The acknowledged expenses
presentof
,'tael/4,„41 excess of its returns amount up to the
he
I,\,tis 17 about three millions sterling ; and when t
"aYI-,4,2''s sa d expense of steam between Bom-
eliJai,74 Kurracheeanand cost of troops destroyed by the
o%titl,:e' are added, we shall have a current drain on the
ft tttl-ca4 of India equal to between a million and a quar-
atet,i" million and a half annually, with no prospectlf
tliaaatil' Somewhere about 3,000 Europeans and ha
1,-,e
or 43' native troops have in four years perished from
thts'eets of climate. At home a peerage is claimed
-",:e041; author of blessings so unbounded ! The good
11111,7aotils-VgtrheeatGwoveerrknsment. and the public improve-
in Sinde, reach us in India
dye .4411 the home news apers ; they exist nowhere
CoA,t't,of. The Punjpaub and newly-acquired terri-
t-t7 eBve—rilrtei_oUe tranquil ;- scarcely a word worth repeat-
toad cou_eratiesnus fom
Chiefseither. The Governor-Gene-
h": ts der-iri:
muchcontinue at Simla, and all
eattin ,Ignout India as they have been since
.4113 e g 14 of the rains. An extremely dry season
vtat iti walloweda• by an unusually wet one ; and the
Ler, so severely felt, is now abundantly sup-
wigt tl 9th of June and 17th of July up-
-11.4ctlib-ac:!3s inches of rain have fallen. The Governor of
Zoo arl'aetoliatinues severely indisposed, rumours every
lt
--4tto "en gaining currency that he is about to re-
'flgland.
k% •
at. a one of its most frightful and deadly forms,
nliurrachee, and in the course of ten days
kits itatt. fourth of the troops and one-half of the
re, Port of that station. Ever since the conquest the
ttl tho Sinde has enjoyed a comparative exemption
us,se Maladies which have been so fearfully fatalt
Ilh. PPer
if ;‘at:h Country, so that the fact escaped. us that
fiLO ltalC Was subject to triennial visitations, and that
.14N„ tluoa 9•114:1 1842 the disease was the same, only less
4;.4ed tesi.U. 1446, the circumstances'mostdprosh.tably dthee
4(4 I:Lb! smaller volume and lesserdensity of
"4411:1 beings on whom it hat! AC t.
of
t The

heat bad for the first fortnight of June been intense,
Ibut there was no considerable amount of sickness at the
station. The 14th was a Sunday, and the atmosphere
was more than usually stagnant and oppressive. A
thick portentous-looking cloud crept up the sky when the
troops were proceeding to church, and a sudden burst of
wind threatened the buildings. It passed away almost as
speedily as it came, and when the worshippers re-
tired the air was as still as when they as-
sembled. At that same hour did the pestilence ap-
pear. Before midnight nine of the 86th were at rest,
and men began to be borne into hospital in such
numbers that it was difficult to make arrange-
ments for their reception. It was a fearful night. With
morning came the tidings that the pestileuce was over-
spreading the town, an 50 had in twenty-four hours
fallen victims. The 86th were the earliest, and continued
to be the severest, sufferers. They and her Majesty's
60th had for six months been in tents close to each
other: they were the day after the disease appeared
marched out for change of air, and encamped by the sea
shore near Clifton. The Rifles were next attacked;
then the Fusiliers; the artillery and native infantry
began to suffer after this. For five fearful days didr_the
destroyer lay his hand most heavily upon them, and in
this time more than 1,000 men were carried to their
graves! The pestilence now began to abate—it had
done its worst, and seemed about to withdraw: within
less than a fortnight 900 Europeans, including 815 fight-
ing men, were carried away; 600 native soldiers and
7,000 of the camp followers and inhabitants of the town
had been hurried into eternity. The conduct of the Go-
vernor is stated to have been beyond all praise: anxiety
for the sick conferring an alacrity on limbs the hand of
time might have stiffened. He went about everywhere—
counselling the healthy—seeing that the sick were cared
for—cheering the sufferers, and comforting those hasten-
ing to another world. Pestilence, which too often gene-
rates recklessness and indifference, was here met with
manly dignity and Christian composure and resigna-
tion. The men disregarded infection, braved every dan-
ger in waiting on teach other, and each seemed to feel
that the tenderness one hour bestowed on a suffering
comrade might be the next required by themselves. The
feeling in too many cases was not slow in being realised.
Calamity is apt to beget complaint—sickness to generate
unreasonable querulousness. Yet on the present occa•
sion no single murmur against the arrangements or con-
duct of any one has reached us during the currency of
the pestilence. The appearance presented by Kurra-
chee after the fatality of the disease had passed is de-
scribed as very awful. The temporary sojourners in the
town, and all who could get away, had fled panic-struck ;
of the natives, one-half nearly had been removed by
death. Tho soldiers had been buried in their beds—
there was no time for shroud or coffin—in pits of such
depth as could be excavated in haste. The effluvium
now arising from the remains of 8,000 festering dead—
half-burned or half-buried—is described as fearful—fit to
generate a second pestilence. Cholera had been heard
of in the neighbourhood, and its appearance was not
wholly unexpected. It seems now to be creeping up the
river, great apprehensions of its approach to Hydera-
bad being expressed. At Sukkur, again, a very virulent
variety of fever afflicts the European soldier. In a few
hours it is fatal ; and so severely have the men of her
Majesty's 17th suffered, that arrangements were being
made for bringing them down to Hyderabad by steam.
The regular triennial visitation so fatal in Upper Sinde,
is not due till next year. Such is the salubrity of Young
Egypt in 1846 ! In the course of three years it has been
the grave of nearly 6,000 of our troops ! The financial
returns obtained on the motion of Mr. Hume, appear to
have attracted so little notice at home, that six weeks
after the publication, the London papers were boasting
of the value of a country shown to draw a million an-
nually from the revenues of India beyond what its own
could supply ; and talking of 100.0001. a year sent to
Calcutta, instead of ten times the sum having been with-
drawn from it ! Incomplete as are the returns, and
heavy as are the items omitted in them—the Governor's
salary of 10,000/. being amongst the first—the Bombay
steam charges of 50,0001. amongst the second—the dis-
closures they make are appalling. The military charges
for the past three years exceed a million sterling annu-
ally ; the civil charges average 125,0001. ; to which, if
the defects above noted be added, they will amount to
185,0001.—a grand total of 1,185,0001. The total in-
come to meet this averages about 200,0001. ; the ad-
mitted defect is about 900,000/.—the actual one about a
million and a quarter : as near as possibe the sum we
have for three years past set down. Nor is there any
prospect of a change for the better ; the country is not
improving, and the Governor seems to begin to despair
of improvement ; the blame is laid on the habits of the
people. Most of the revenue is collected in grain, and
to enhance its apparent value, this is sold at an excessive
price to the army contractors, and purchased from them,
at a charge of course equally excessive, by the cominis-
sariat—so that India in filet, pays doubly a portion of the
netted income of which Sinde pretends to boast. This
we are aware will be denied; but we speak on authority
equal to that of the Parliamentary papers. An eminent
political authority at home writes—" The grossest at-
tempts have been made to mislead, but the facts are
these. Some dosen or two people are filling their pockets
in Sinde at the public expense, and what care they
though the country costs a million or two annually ?"
" The fallaciousness of the reported remittances to Cal-
cutta have been fully exposed—and the immediate result
has been that the Governor's salary has been raised from
60,000 rupees (7,0001.) a year to 80,000 rupees (9,0001.) a
year ! Such is Sinde, as known to all who wish to
make themselves acquainted with its affairs—such the
delusive aspect in which it is viewed at home." Were
the cost of it to appear in the estimates of the Chancellor
of the Exchequer, and to be learned at home, the people
of England might think :of the costliness, if not of the
ct longhr iemmi
anesaalnti
htsy7,
pwoofho
)rt.
,hsuehnowrongs
nngtgh, theyvhe
mrhtaeavnxee overtaxed
troublenlldiun dg
oet
hod
emins. providese
vSs
about inquiry? They do not go on without warning
They may rely on it the day will come when restitution.
may be impossible—remorse and repentance unavailing.
A subscription having been opened for the purpose
purchasing in the jewels and ornaments of
tle
Princesses of Hyderabad advertised for sale amongst the
Sinde prize booty, with a view of restoring them to their
owners, above 600/. were almost immediately set down.
Some of the officers have determined to decline touching
their prise-money at all.
-

(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
CALCUTTA, JULY 9.

The six days which have elapsed since my last have
been productive of little that is interesting. From La-
hore we have nothing of importance. Soondur Singh,
the ci-decant Commandant of Kote Kangra, had been
presented at Court, and received without any signs of
violent displeasure for causing us the trouble and ex-
pense of moving a battering train and a large force to
coerce him. Rumours are afloat that Lord Hardinge is
determined to remain at Simla and its neighbourhood
during. the whole of his sojourn in India, and that the
Council are to go and join him, leaving Calcutta and
the Government of Bengal in the hands of a Deputy-
Governor, or, may be, this designation may be changed
to that of Lieutenant-Governor, placing the Bengal
and Agra provinces on the same footing, the Legis-
lative Council remaining where they are. This arrange-
ment would be productive of good even now, as the
Government would receive intelligence from England
as soon at Simla as at Calcutta, or in a few days
more ; and when railroads are established at Cal.
cutta and Delhi there can be no doubt but the
residence of the Supreme Government in the interior
would be productive of great good to the country, be-
cause as there would always be a tendency to progress
from the seaports to the seat of Government, the inter-
mediate space would benefit by the increased communi-
cation between the extremes, which would be the result
of the Government being stationed on the north-west
frontier; and while the transit of goods from Europe to
the interior of the country would tend to preserve to
the whole seaboard the activity which now prevails, the
attraction of the seat of Government would give such an
impetus to the said transit as to insure a larger portion
of goods being carried into the far north-west, by the
establishment of entrepAts for the supply of the coun-
tries beyond the Sutlej and Himmalayas.
I must now revert to a very painful subject—the ap-
parent disregard of the Government fur the comfort of
the brave men who have so lately faced death in their
country's cause. The 16th Lancers and the 31st Foot
have been put on board of wretched straw-covered boats
and sent down the Ganges at the most stormy and
burning season of the year, when the light, dry, and
fiery sandbanks everywhere found in the de-
scent of the river, are blown about with the irresist-
ble fury, so as to fill the hair, eyes, &c., with scorching
sand, with the thermometer at 110 degrees and the
chance of having boats dashed to pieces by the "north-
westers," which invariably prevail at that season of the
year, instead of being retained in some of the many,
vacant barracks at Meerut or Cawnpore till the rains had
fairly set in, or put on board the Government steamers,
and brought down quickly and comfortably, which ought
to have been done, instead of, as alleged, the latter being
employed in making money for the State by carrying
merchandise for individuals. The result of this indiffer-
ence of the Government to the comfort of their gallant
defenders has been great destruction of life by sinking
of boats, and in one instance the loss of about eighty
wounded men by the foundering of the hospital boats.
Surely when Lord Hardinge and Lord Gough hear that
these noble fellows, who faced death to win their laurels
and pensions, have been drowned through their own want
of care for them, their hearts must sicken at the thought,
and their satisfaction in the contemplation of their own
good fortune be greatly diminished. It is to be hoped
that when private enterprise shall have supplied steam
transport sufficient to enable the community to dis-
pense with the Government boats, these boats may be
applied to the conveyance of troops, to the entire discon-
tinuance of the present dangerous and uncomfortable
country boats ; and I am happy to think that private en-
terprise is fast supplying the means of transporting mer-
chandise from Calcutta to Allahabad, and from the latter
to the former. A short time ago, that is on the 26th
ult., the Inland Steam Company launched their first
river steamer, and the day after the Ganges Steam Na-
vigation Company launched their first. The first boat
is intended to tow two accommodation or baggage boats,
but the latter will carry tier passengers and freight in
her own hold. She is to be immediately followed by
three others belonging to the same company, while the
Inland Steam Company will have, I believe, an equal
number. Other companies are forming, I hear; so that
in the course of a few years I hope we shall have an
abundance of steam tonnage on the Ganges.
I Among the improvements of the day talked of at head-
quarters is a suspension-bridge across the Sutlej at Be-
-1 laspore.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
(From the Calcutta Overland Price Current of July 7.)
The few days which have elapsed since our last issue
have not been productive of any amelioration in the state
of our money market, or, in fact, of any alteration in
commercial affairs generally worthy of comment.
The Precursor steamer arrived off town on the even-
ing ©f the 3d, and put us in possession of London dates

to the 25th of May. As might have been anticipated,
however, the amount of Treasury draughts received by
this opportunity was again insignificant, and quite in-
adequate to produce the slightest beneficial effect.
In Exchange and Government Securities, we have but
few operations to report, the greater portion of the bilk
going forward by the present opportunity having, we be-
lieve, been contracted for previous to the last dispatch.
In those reported, however, our last quotations have
been maintained. In Bank Stock we have not heard of
any sales, but the directors of the Bank of Bengal have
just declared a dividend for the half year, at the rate of
13r. 6a. per cent. per annum. In produce there has
even been less doing; but this is generally the case
when, as in the present instance, two mails are dis-
patched. and one received within a week. Another
reason, however, undoubtedly is the scanty supply of
sugar (the only article in any general inquiry) in our
bazaar, good Benares being still readily saleable at our
last quotations; other staples have continued neglected,
but without any decline in prices, with the exception of
saltpetre, which has been obtained to a moderate extent
at rather easier rates. In imports, also, little has been
done, and without any improvement in prices. In fact,
the dealers have apparently gladly availed themselves of
the unsettled state of the weather to keep quiet, and our
markets are in almost exactly the same position as on
the 2d. Consignees have been showing rather more
anxiety to secure cargoes, but no material decline has as
yet been established in the rates of dead weight to
Great Britain.

As there is every indication of the constant rain ex-
perienced in Calcutta during the past two days having
extended to most of the indigo districts in lower Bengal,
we are in hourly expectation of receiving complaints, as
it must have done considerable injury wherever experi-
enced. A letter from Rajeshaye, dated the Ist, states
that a gale was then blowing which bad retarded the
progress of manufacture, as well as reduced the produce.
From the neighbourhood of Ghazeepore, also, accounts
are less favourable ; not only from a want of rain, but
also from the difficulty experienced in negotiating
draughts on Calcutta, on which many planters had relied
for their supplies, a continuance of which would doubt-
less cripple their operations very materially.
Exports from the Ist instant up to date have been as
follows :
Great Britain. N. America.
Saltpetre 2,100 mds.
Sugar
Raw Silk 295

Corahs 2,143 pcs.
Hides
Safflower

Cowries .
Horn Tips ....

Rum
8,047 galls.
Jute .
Mustard Seed

MEMORANDUM OF THE CARGO PASSED THE CUSTOM-
HOUSE FOR VESSELS LOADING !OR EUROPE AND
NORTH AMERICA, UP TO THE EVENING OF THE STH
JULY, 1846.