The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-15 00:00:00

Lord BROUGHAM last night called the attention of
the new Government to a circumstance which, to say
the least ofit, must be considered a most extraordinary
and irregular proceeding. We cannot conceive that
in so doing his Lordship was actuated by any feeling
of hostility towards the Ministry, or by any desire to
embarrass them in any the slightest degree. No time
could be mere proper for the purpose than the present,
when one of the important judicial situations, indi-
cated in the report of the Parliamentary Committee
for the revision and reduction of the salaries of the
principal officers of state, and in the salary of which
a reduction was contemplated, has just been accepted
by a Right Hon. and Learned Gentleman, although
he has not yet been formally installed in his high
position. There is nothing en which public
liberty is more dependent nothing which
should be guarded with a greater degree
of vigilance, than the preservation of the indepen-
dence of the judicial bench, the entire absence of any
control on the part of the Executive, or the possibi-
lity of any undue influence being exercised over
those to whom the exposition and interpretation of
the laws of the country is to be entrusted. History
furnishes too many examples of judges, who sacri-
ficed name and character by an undue truckling to
the superior powers on whom they were then de-
pendent, and by whom they might at any time have
been deprived of their situations and reduced to com-
parative poverty and obscurity. Who can have read
of the fearful horrors enacted before a JEFFEREYS,
and not have shuddered at the atrocities, the judicial
murders, sanctioned by a wicked and corrupt man ?
True it is, there is now little prospect of such scenes
being again exhibited. The force of public opinion
is too mighty, too potential to permit such
practices to be for a moment tolerated, but
still the utmost degree of jealousy should be felt at
anything which, though comparatively innocent and
harmless in itself, might possibly form a precedent,
the principle of which might possibly be injuriously
extended at any time hereafter. The first introduc-
tion of the point of the wedge should be zealously
and firmly resisted.
The greatest safeguard to public liberty has been
found to consist in the separation of the executive,
legislative, and judicial functions, and in their en-
tire and perfect independence of each other. Acting
on this principle, the appointment of any man to the
office of a judge is made "dum se bene gesserit"—
not during pleasure, but during good behaviour.
When once appointed, he cannot be removed by the
Crown, except for sufficient cause, on the address of
both Houses of Parliament. So much for his inde-
pendence as regards the permanency and duration of
his office; were it otherwise, we should perhaps have the
bench occupied by zealous and active partisans, and other
qualifications looked for than legal knowledge and
acquirements, and upright and honourable characters.
The distinguished and learned men who have for
many years past filled the station have, on their
elevation to the ermine, invariably laid aside their
private and party feelings, and a political judge is
happily unknown in our country.
The next step to the independence of the bench to
be attained was to secure to its occupants a re-
muneration amply sufficient for the important duties
entrusted to their care, and so liberal in amount as to
place at the disposal of the Crown the most talented
and able advocates, and to induce such persons
willingly to give up therefore the most lucrative
and valuable private practice. Accordingly, the
salaries of the judges were from time to time regu-
lated by various Acts of Parliament. They no longer
were suffered to remain charges on the Civil List, as
they had formerly been, but were transferred to and
made payable out of the Consolidated Fund. The
last statute fixing the salaries of the two situations
to which we more immediately refer, viz., the Chief
Justices of the Courts of Queen's Bench and Common
Pleas, was the 6th Geo. IV., c. 82, by which the sum
of 10,0001. per annum was fixed as the salary of the
first, and 8,0001. as the salary of the second, which
it directed to be paid to them quarterly. It was, by
that Act of the Legislature considered that such
would be the proper sums to be paid, and it was never
contemplated that less should be accepted. The only
power by which those sums could be constitutionally
varied or reduced was that of the Parliament itself.
It was felt, after the opinion of the Committee to
which we have referred had been obtained, that these
salaries might be advantageously reduced to 8,000/.
and 7,0001. a year respectively ; and it was intended
to bring in an Act to carry into execution that re-
commendation, by which it could Alone be constitu-
tionally given effect to. When one of the offices re-
ferred to became vacant, it would have been correct
to have informed the person appointed thereto that
it was intended to apply to the Legislature to reduce
the salary, and to stipulate that he should not, after
such an Act was passed, be considered to have any
vested interest in, or claim to, the higher salary,
but that he would accept the office, subject to
the probable reduction. This would have been correct,
and no possible objection could be made thereto; but
until the reduction had actually been sanctioned by
the Legislature the original salary should be paid
without deduction of any kind, otherwise bargains,
degrading alike to the Minister and the judge, might
possibly take place. 'We regret, therefore, that Lord
DENMAN gave the sanction of his high name to so
mischievous a precedent. We cannot be supposed
for a moment to contemplate the possibility of any
of the results we have mentioned occurring in the
case of that distinguished Nobleman, for whose cha-

"On the eve of the departure of Mehemet Ali of Con-
stantinople all affairs are suspended. The arrival of Hamid
Bey, the Sultan's Envoy, is every moment expected. Me-
hemet Ali is purchasing quantities of diamonds and other
jewels, destined, it is said, as presents for the harems of
Constantinople. Yesterday he bought an emerald necklace
for 70,0001. A sum of 20,000 falares (100,000 f. is to be
offered to the Envoy who brings the invitation. I)t
is sup-
posed that this journey will cost Mehemet Ali from ten to
twelve millions of francs. It is certain that he is to be
received at Constantinople with all the honours due to his
rank, and to the name which he leaves to posterity. Abas
Pacha, who is to be charged with the direction of affairs
during the Viceroy's absence, is expected to-morrow from
Cairo. It is thought that his Highness will be absent about
forty days."

The following appears in the Universal Prussian
Gazette, under the date of Warsaw, July 4 :

" An ordonnance of the Director of the Police has revoked
an order which prevented the inhabitants from quitting their
houses after seven o'clock in the evening without a lantern,
and also preventing owners of public carriage from hiring
them out after midnight. The formalities concerning Rus-
sian subjects arriving or quitting Warsaw have received the
following changes :-1. They are to present their passports
to the authorities at the barriers. 2. The proprietors of
houses are bound to make a declaration of those passports to
the district authorities."

Several new arrests have taken place at Posen
among the persons arrested are a priest and severs'
foreigners.

The dreadful accident on the Great Northern Rai!.
road still continued to occupy the public attention in
Paris. Tne following is the account of the catas-
trophe which was forwarded to the journals by the
Company on Saturday :

" A fresh report addressed to the directors arrived to-day
at half-past three, and confirms the news already given.
There are 14 killed, including two children, five seriously
wounded, and 20 slightly bruised. It is- important that
public opinion, much affected by this deplorable catastrophe,
should not be led astray by the exaggeration which is the in•
evitable consequence of the first impressions of the public. The
saving of lives have been made by the exertions of the agents
of the company, as well as by those of the agents of the au-
thorities, and the public force. The sappers of the engineers
and the hussars from Arras, directed by their officers, have
regularised with as much order as intelligence all the opera-
tions of the researches. The results which we now point out,
are therefore, incontestable. Thera is no longer any carriage
remaining in the water ; the remnants of the last waggon
have been taken out, and no fracture of either
springs or wheels has been discovered. The causes of
the accident are therefore still unknown. The latest ac-
counts received of the wounded are satisfactory. The acci-
dent of the 9th, of which some journals have spoken, has
been singularly exaggerated both in causes and effects. A
crane had been raised in the middle of the other line. The
passage of the train had been provided for. The locomotive
and the first carriages had passed without touching it, but
the step of the last, or the last but one, caught it, either from
the crane being moved from its position or from the jolting of
the last waggon. The crane fell and wounded three hus-
sars; one of them had his thigh broken, and two others re-
ceived contusions. No passenger in the train either alighted
or was touched."

Madrid journals to the Bth instant have arrived.
The Government had received the text of the treaty
between Spain and Uruguay.
The Heraido states, that in the province of Gre-
nada, a force of 800 men, 200 of whom were on horse-
back, assembled recently to protect an extensive
smuggling operation, and that as the Government had
no force to oppose to them, of course they were suc-
cessful.

The following decree relaxing the quarantine re-
gulations in force with regard to vessels arriving from
Morocco has just been issued by the Queen of
SPAIN :

"1. The precautionary quarantine of four days imposed on
vessels arriving from Morocco in Spanish ports with clean
bill of health shall be withdrawn provided it is proved that
the port from which the vessel sailed, or its environs, has
not been visited for the space of one year previous by any
case of pestilence.
"2. Foreign vessels, in addition to their clean bill of
health, must produce a certificate from the Spanish Consul or
consular agent at the port from which they sailed, certifying
that the bill of health is correct and genuine; in default of
which they will remain subject to the regulations hitherto in
force."

MADRID Bots,t, JULY B.—The Three per Cents. are
quoted to-day at 33 cash ; the Five per Cents. are reported at
20% buyers; and the Passive Debt at 6%3/4 buyers.

We have received the Paris papers of Monday.
They are all occupied with electioneering polemics.
The Opposition seemed greatly divided among them-
selves, and the programme issued by the Central
Committee is found fault with by all sections of it—
by some as far too Radical, and by others as not going
nearly far enough. There seems but little doubt but
that M. GUZZOT will in the approaching elections not
only maintain, but increase his majority.
Disturbances are said to have taken place in Mol-
davia, and, in consequence, the Austrian Government
has directed a corps of 30,000 men to assemble at
Laxenburg.

By an Imperial order, dated Vienna, July 3, Count
RODOLPII DI STADION, Governor of Moravia and

The meeting to raise subscriptions for the sufferers by the
Newfoundland conflagration has been held to-day, and there
is every reason to hope that the public will respond to the
call of the very influential Committee which has taken in
hand the task of raising subscriptions.
The Public Securities are again somewhat flat this morn-
ing, and there is less doing. Consols 953/4 % ; New Three-
and-a-Quarter per Cents., 971,4 3/4 ; and the Three per Cents.,
96►4 to lA. Bank Stock has been steady, at 208. The pre-
mium on Exchequer-bills is lls. to 15s.
In the Foreign House the transactions have been restricted.
Spanish Five per Cents. have touched 243/4 to 24%, and the
Three per Cents. 36 to 36% ; Portuguese Four per Cents.
are 47%.
Shares are a little firmer in some instances, but there is not
much doing.
BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)

Bank Stock .. • • • • • • • • • • • • 208
Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities 96u u
Three per Cent. Consols Annuities .. 95%36
New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cent. Anna, 97% X
Long Annuities, Expire Jan. 5, 1860 .. 10 5-16 7-16
Ditto, 30 years, Oct. 10, 1859 • • 10%
Bank Stock for Account • • .. • • • • 20836 209
Consols for Opening • • •• • • • • • 95%%
Exchequer Bills. 1%d.• •
I%d.
1,0001. • • •• •• .. • • 11 15 pm.
5001. • • • • • • •• • • 11 15 pm.
Ditto. Small •• •• •• 11 15 pm.
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent _
Ditto, Nev.' Bonds, 1829 and 1839 85
Milan Bonds, 6 per Cent. 9636
Mexican Bonds, 1837, 5 per Cent .. 27 % 27
Portuguese Four per Cent ..
Ditto, for the Account .. • . 47%
Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent. 24% %
Ditto, Passive Bonds
Ditto, Three per Cent
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Belgian Four-and-a-Half per Cent. 97%
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 59%
Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certificates .. 94% %
BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK
RAILWAYS. PAID. I'a& SHAKY,
Armagh, Coleraine, and Portrush 1% .... •. • . to
Birmingham and Oxford Junction • • 2 .• 4% to 3%
Buckinghamshire • • • • • • • • • • 425. .. % dis. to
Caledonian • • .• • • • • • •• 20 •• • . 133434 .. to
Derby and Crewe • • .• • • • • 2%
Direct Northern • • • • • • • • • • 236 •• • • 1 • • to 136
Dublin and Galway • • • • • • • • 4 1 .... to
Eastern Counties • • • • • • 14/. 16s. 0d..... 2436 %% to
Ditto, New .. .. 101. 16s. 0d... . • 8% p.. to
Do., Perpetual,s per Ct. No. 1, 61 13s. 4d..... % p to
Ditto. York Extension • • • • • • 105..... 2 .. .to 2 3.4
East Lincolnshire • . • • • • • • • •
_l% • ... %•-.. to

Great Western .. .. • • • . .. 85 ....1513! .... to
Ditto, Quarter Shares • • .. .. 10 .... 22% .... to 23
Ditto, Fifths .. .. .. .. .. 20 .... 34% .... to
Hull and Selby • . .. • . 50 ....108 .• .. to
Leicester and Birmingham . • 225. 1 die... to
Leicester and Bedlerd. .. •• .. 225. .... % die. to
West., Tam.,Bir., Ils Trent Val. June. 425. .... 1 dis... to
Liverpool, Manch, and Newc. Junct. 231 .... 1 .... to
London and Birmingham .• • • ..100 ....227 .. • . to 229
Ditto, Quarter Shares .• • • • • 2 .... 30% ... •to
Ditto, Fifths .. .. •• • • • • 2 •• • • 25% 4.. to
London and Blackwell • • 161. 13s. 4d. •• • • 9 .... to
Ditto, New • • • • • • • • • • 3 •• • • 534 .... to 5
Ditto, Extension .. .. • • .. 5 .... 431 ... • to
Lo:adon and Brighton .. .. • • .. 50 .... 65% .... to GG
Ditto ditto Fifths .. .. .. .• 30 .... 42U ... •to --
London and Croydon .. • • 13/. 15s. 9d.....23%.. to
Ditto, Guaranteed Five per Cent... 9 ... 9% xdto
London and South-Western 411. 6j. 10d. ... • 79% .... to
Ditto, New Consolidated Eighths .. 40 .... 58 .. • • to
Ditto, New • • • . .. .. •• 14 .. •• 22 .. • • to
London and York .. • • • • • • 231 •• .. 1 •• .. to
.. 425. .... 21,4 p.. to
Ditto, Half Shares • . • • • • • • 2% •• • • 14 •.•• to
Manchester and Leeds • • . .. 82 .... .... to
Ditto, Sixteenths • . •• •• • • 6IA• • • • 9%.... to
Ditto, Extension .. • • • •
toto 150 P
Manchester and Birmingham . - • • to
Ditto, Quarter Shares (C) • • • • 1 •••• 10%U.• to
Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock
Manchester and Southampton .. • • 2 "' • 1%% .• to
Midland .. .. .. .. • •
Newcastle and Darlington Junction • • 25 •• • • •• • to
Ditto, Now .. .. .. • • .. • • 1 —.. 11%..,, to
Newcastle and Berwick ••
• . • • • 15 •• • • 26 Xt.% %to
Norfolk .. „ „ „ ~ „ .. 20 • • • 27 •••• to
Ditto, Half Shares • • • • • • • • 5 •• • • 8% ••• to 9
....
1402:. •... :151%
.p.....
Ditto, Tenths .. .. .. . .• 2 '• • • 2%% ••to
Ditto, Extension .. .. .. • • 2 •• • • 2% •••• to
North British .. •• •• • • • • 223 g .• 30%.... to _
Ditto, Half Shares • • • • • • • • 8% .. 1174 .. ~ to .....
Ditto, Carlisle Extension • • • ' 1 %•• ,• Nfi.. to
North Staffordshire •• •• • • • • 425. •• •• 3% %pto
Preston and Wyre .. .. .. „ .. 25 •• • • 30% • •• to
icottish Central .. •• •• • • 10 •••• 19104.• to 19
South Midland . .. . •
.. .. 425. •. • • % (113•• to
South Eastern and Dover • • • • • • 33%•• •• 4434•• •• to 44%
tDltto, New, No. 3 ........15
•••• 19% •• •• to 20
Ditto, New, No. 4 •• • • • • .. 234 •• • • 3% •• .• to 3
Staines and Richmond • • • • • • • • 1 •• •• %%% to
'South Wales .. .. .. •. .. • • 5 "• • 134—** to
Welsh Midland . .. • • • • 2% •• • • 1 .. •• to
West Riding Union • .. •• ••
• • • 425.• ••• 2% P• • to
York and North Midland •• • • • ' 50 •• • • 1%1 •• • • t°
Ditto, Selby . .. .. .. .. 30 ••• • 7- •••• to
Ditto. Extension • • • • • • • is ••
•• 3474••
• • to
to
Ditto East and West Riding Extension 1 •• • • 13 tz ,4 ,s • •
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.
Boulogne and Amiens .. .. .. 14 •• • • 12% •••. to
Dutch Rhenish .. .. .. .. • • 6 • • •-6% 7 to 674
•
Great Western Canada .. • • • • 5
3 • to
u'' .. 1
... 4.•
.. .... th
Louvain and Jemeppo .. •• • •
.. •• 2% 34
•• •• to 2
Luxembourg .. .. ...,
~ 4
% • •
Namur and Liege .. .. .. . 6•• • • 3 .•to
Northern of France Constituted • • 56
.. •• 8•• • • 1"
•• to • • —
34 %
Orleans and Bordeaux .. .. • •
......
Paris and Lyons Constituted .. • •
20 •• • • • • to
Rouen and Havre .. 5 571, %to
38 ..
Paris and Rouen •• .• •• ••
. 20 •• • • 28% •• •• to
..

• • - -
o
Real del Monte. Unregistered 31!.10E•S•—.....4*y**E* s3T3i.iii•Dtly—.)
COURSE OF EXCHANGE
Amsterdam .. ...C.F. 12 8% Gibraltar.. •••••• • • • • • •
FriipaD:ankfistb.turge3o.r:tihatoysnsi:gm.shi.t.aing.
h..•
t..:.....8........ 1123
165%
vr,eegnhiceorn.. iiiiiii i i i i i i i :07745
Rotterdam .... ••2 U. 12 9 Genoa ••• • • ....... •• • • 26 le
Antwerp... ...... ..... 26 10 Milan ••"•••• • • • • " "
Altona... .... ... ...... ___ Naples •••• • • ..
Ditto, 3 months .. .. ..
Marseilles
:: : : : ..
..
.... ..
222666 1500 Oporto
Trieste, ditto.....
U.. 8 .... .... .... poisawiolberjormtoanan.:o.e.:
ir...p..oe:r:o:z:
...... ..
.............: 125 •
12225%75
Berlin ....
Vienna, effec.f10......
10-10
10 934 Philadelphia
New York, 2eBl da.y islilit --
raicris OF BULLION, PER oz.
Madrid .• .. ........ .. 36% Foreign Gold in bars.. £3 17 9
Cadiz •• ••• : ...... 36% Portugal Geld Coin .• 317 5
Bilbao... •••.. • • ...... New Doubloons •••••• 00 0
Barcelona ............ _ New Dollars ••.•• • • • 0 4 9%
SOTIIIO..