The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-09 00:00:00

lation of our sister country by the Board of Works is
so bountiful in its particular application, and so swiftly
transmitted, that the rapid diminution of these diffi-
culties may be anticipated.
Besides the relief thus munificently afforded by
Government we are gratified to observe a cordial co-
operation visible in the individuals to whom the Go-
vernment most looked for that co-operation. Specu-
lators are importing largely into the Irish markets ;
and while an unusual quantity of cattle is carried
rom Ireland, an unprecedented quantity of grain is
being carried to Ireland. We are aware that to the
majority the costliness of barley, wheat, and
flour will render those importations an unattainable ad-
vantage. Indian corn, however, being a cheaper
description of nutriment might materially diminish
the effects of the vegetable scarcity ; and, of Indian
corn, upwards of fifty thousand quarters have been
conveyed thither from Liverpool alone during
an interval extending from the Ist of July to the
commencement of November inclusively.
It will be utterly impossible, nevertheless, to
cope with the numerous and enormous difficulties
of this population, unless it will enable itself to
become the recipient of official and private gene-
rosity. Unless the murderers who molest the more
peaceful members of that community, unless the vile
and treacherous marauders who endanger the pre-
servation of property, unless all the vice and infamy
of that nation, embodied in its insurrectionists,
be purged away by the vigorous interference
of the Executive nothing whatever can be done for the
effectual alleviation of their sufferings.

The Courts strongly favoured the latter party, from
considerations of public policy, and devices
were sanctioned, and fictions recognised by the judi•
cial bench, that could scarcely be supposed likely to
deceive any but the wilfully blind. Hence, the
adoption of fines and recoveries, by which restrictions
were evaded, and the intention of the former owners
of the property defeated, and the public good was
secured although in a circuitous and disreputable
manner. In Scotland a stricter course was pursued ;
the judges would not do wrong, or act on erroneous
principles in order that good might come, and there-
fore, in that country strict entails have been per-
mitted, and every one in any degree acquainted with
properties so circumstanced must be fully aware, of
the great evils occasioned thereby, that they act as a
bar to all improvements, and have prevented the
ameliorations that would otherwise undoubtedly
have taken place, both in the land itself and in the
condition of its occupants.
We are essentially a commercial nation, and where
commerce prevails there must ever be a constant i
change going on. Industry and prudence are sure to
raise their possessor in the social scale, and when he
has attained the wealth for which he has toiled he
naturally looks around for the means of its disposal,
for the full enjoyment of the otium cum dignatate ; he
desires to become a landed proprietor, and he finds
many owners of the soil impoverished and weighed
down with debts and encumbrances, unable to main-
tain the position in which they are placed, and who
are anxious to sell their estates, and the transfer is
made not only to the benefit of the immediate par-
ties, but also of the entire tenantry, and others con-
nected with the lands, who obtain a wealthy, liberal,
and improving landlord, a provider of employ-
ment for those compelled to earn their daily
bread by the sweat of their brow, in place of one
whose necessities compelled him to exact the utter-
most farthing, and who was unable to assist the
neighbouring labourer or tradesman. The free
transfer of land, as of any other commodity, is essen-
tial to the public interests, and any restrictions placed
in its way should, as speedily as possible, be got rid
of. The stamp duties payable to Government on
any sale or mortgage of land are much too high, and
they are regulated on the unjust principle of being
in the inverse proportion of the purchase-money, or
consideration : thus a much larger sum per cent. is
charged on a small transaction than on a large one-
A purchaser with many thousands to expend may
not be deterred from investing in land by the legal
expenses attendant on the transfer, but the owner of
a few hundreds will pause before he will permit a large
portion of his capital to be absolutely thrown away.
It is now universally admitted that any unnecessary
expenses thrown in the way of a transfer of any
description of property is mischievous in its results.
The Legislature has acted on the principle. Auction
duties have been abolished, and the greatest freedom
of barter and transfer been encouraged. Why should
not this be adopted in land, as well as in goods or
chattels of any description ? It may be said that it
is necessary to continue the tax for the purpose of
revenue. This may be the case, but we are quite con-
vinced that if the stamp duties were reduced to one
quarter of the amount that are now charged, and the
other expenses attending the transfer also reduced,
the Exchequer would gain in place of losing by the
alteration. The first step, therefore, that should be
taken should be a revision of the stamp duties con-
nected with the transfer, changing, or leasing of land,
and a material reduction "in their amount ;" they
should in every case be charged a fixed per tentage,
and the wealthy man should not be charged at a more
moderate rate than his poorer fellow-subject. As an
illustration of the inequitable system at present in use,
we may mention the stamp duties charged on different
mortgages :—on a mortgage for 3001., 51. 155., or
H. 18. 4d. per cent. ; on a mortgage for 3,0001.,
91. 155., or something less than 6s. Bd. per cent. ;
and on a mortgage for 100,0001., 271. 155., or some-
thing about 61 per cent. The rate per cent. charged
to the borrower of 3001. being more than sixty times
that charged to the borrower of 100,0001., and six
times that charged to the borrower of 3,0001.
The next step should be the shortening of the
length of the deeds pf conveyance, which, by
useless verbosity, and needless repetitions, are
prolonged to twenty times the necessary
length. It is, of course, the interest of
the lawyer, who is remunerated according to the length
of the documents he prepares, to extend them to the
utmost limit, and indeed it may be necessary, as the
law at present stands, to go to such lengths, in order
to prevent future difficulties. We do not see, how-
ever,
why there should not he a public standard of
precedents, PS well as of weights and measures.
Many books contain forms of every provision that
could be required, at least of those in common use,
and if the precedents were publicly recognised, so
that a short allusion to them would be sufficient
for all lauyoses, there would indeed be a
great reduction in this part of the expense
which might be effected without any difficulty what-
soever, and we do not think that the profits of the
conveyancer or solicitor would be thereby diminished.
They would be recompensed for the smaller remu-
neration receivable out of each transaction by the
vast increase that would take place in such trans-
actions by the lessening the expense thereof.

barley, rye, and oats are becoming excessively dear.
Rye is at the same price as wheat was last year. The '
sack of flour has risen from 2f. to 3f. Toe first quali-
ties are now paid 87f. and 88f. the 159 kilogrammes. .
Flour is from 151. to 201. dearer than two months ago.
The Saxe rate is strongly rising within the limits of 45c.
the kilogramme. Advices from the departments unfor-
tunately announce a rise everywhere."
The Journal des Dgbats publishes the following
letter, dated St. Petersburgh, October 22. We have
great doubts as to the truth of the assertion that
Russia refused to adhere to Lord PALMERSTON'S
policy. The German p ipers, which have hitherto
been considered the organs of the Russian Govern-
ment, assert the direct contrary ; and the Debatv has
so frequently, on the subject of this marriage, pub-
lished intelligence the direct contrary of truth, that
its assertions are not entitled to much credit :
" The official announcement cf the conclusion of the
treaty
of navigation with France has produced here a
favourable impression on all classes. The document lies
for the Emperor's signature, and we have reason to be-
lieve that in a few days it will be forwarded to Paris for
the exchange of ratifications. The reciprocal conces-
sions of this convention, and the mutual eagerness shown
in carrying it into execution, have acquired, it must be
acknowledged, a greater value than at the commence-
ment of the negotiations ; for it is at the very moment
when the treaty is about to be sanctioned by the Em-
peror that have taken place the vain attempts to induce
the Russian Government to adopt, relative to the ques-
tion of Spain, a course adverse to France. This justice
must be rendered to the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh.
From the outset it rejected every overture, and positively
refused to adhere to Lord Palmerston's policy. With
the exception of Podolia and the Government of
Witespk, the harvest has everywhere been most
abundant, and there are still at Cronstadt a good
number of foreign vessels taking corn on board.
Unfortunately, the navigation will soon be closed, but, at
its re-opening, we are convinced that the intercourse
with France will assume an activity profitable to the
merchant vessels of both nations. The southern parts of
Russia, and the Crimea in particular, have had an im-
mense produce in corn. The two divisions of the fleet
in the Baltic, forming together a force of 32 vessels of
the line, 24 frigates, and smaller vessels and steamers in
proportion, have returned to Revel and Cronstadt to be
laid up for the winter. This latter port, formed by
islands, will speedily be united to the mainland by a
railway constructed on piles, which will be only an ex-
tension of the line, which, following the left bank of the
Neva, arrives from St. Petersburgh. These works are
being pursued at the same time as the deepening the
channel of the river, which, when concluded, will alldw
large vessels to go up to the magnificent quays of the
capital.
" The new powers conferred on Prince Woronzow
have produced the best effect on the morale of the army
in the Caucasus. Amongst the measures adopted
by that General is one which cannot be too much
applauded. Many officers of the Imperial Guard,
which is always stationed at St. Petersburgh, went,
for a short time to Daghestan, and returned with
advanced rank and decorations. The Prince has
issued an order announcing that henceforward every
officer serving under his orders must consider himself'
engaged for an unlimited period, and this equitable de-
cision has been received with gratitude by the officers,
who have no claims to promotion but their bravery. The
Emperor, who incessantly exercises that prodigious
activity of body which he possesses in so eminent a de-
gree, returned unexpectedly on the 18th, to his palace
of Tsarskoe-Selo, with the Hereditary Grand Duke.
The Czar and his son' had proceeded to Moscow on an
inspection, and were not expected until the 22d, the
eve of the marriage of the daughter of Prince Ca,ernit-
scheff, Minister of War. Mademoiselle Marie Czernit-
scheff, whom the Emperor does the honour to give away,
is a charming young person, and is about to be married
to the young Prince Baratinsky, formerly Aide-cle•catnp
of his Highness Prince Mentchikoff, Minister of Marine,
and at present attached to the person cf Count Nessel-
rode, Chancellor of the Empire and Minister for Foreign
Affairs."

It is with the deepest affliction that we observe
another outrage has been perpetrated in a different
quarter of Ireland, similar to those which have com-
pelled his Excellency the Lord-Lieutenant to suspend
the works at Tulla. On the 3d of November a party
of ruffians assembled at Mallow, and drove two hun-
dred and fifty unfortunate labourers from the Great
Southern and Western Railway. Those navigators
were employed at the daily remuneration of from
Is. 6d. to is. Bd.; and by this atrocious interference
on the part of their less industrious brethren
both themselves and their families are again
plunged into a state of destitution. Some de-
cisive measures are necessary for the preven-
tion of the repetition of these most criminal proceed-
ings. It is preposterous to suppose that Government
must entail upon itself additional expenses to those
already incurred. It is preposterous to expect that a
standing army must be employed to protect the la-
bourers engaged upon the public works, or those en •
gaged by individual speculation. Upon that principle the
Executive would ultimately have to cram food down
the throats of the indigent. Government has a loftier
position to assume. The Irish peasantry are surely
not destined to dwindle into imbeciles and sucklings.
Let them prove that such is not their destination ;
they can most effectually do so by delivering their
abandoned countrymen over to justice. We adjure
them, again and again, to assist in the discovery and
punishment of these marauders. Otherwise the sus-
pension of public works will not merely be confined
to Tulla, but will extend throughout the whole of
Ireland.

When Parliament was not sitting, public attention
used to be mainly drawn to various festive entertain-
ments, chiefly got up for the sole purpose of infusing
fresh energy among the adherents of one or other of
the two great political parties into which the State
has ordinarily divided itself. On these occasions all
the animosity of party warfare was unsparingly in-
dulged in, and the dinner was always held to have
gone off remarkably well, if the bottle-primed
speakers had freely resorted to personal
satire, and had charged their audience with
the utmost possible quantity of political venom. But
this year has happily presented us with a favourable
contrast, and it is with the greatest gratification we
notice that various public bodies have met in different
parts of the empire for far nobler objects than the
maintenance of paltry party squabbles. To effect a
social and moral revolution among the middling and
humbler classes, is now- a-days the chief and honour-
able incentive which animates the congregation of
many of our most distinguished men. The cause of
national education, hitherto so vainly derided in every
conceivable shape, is at the present moment feli-
citously adjudged to be the main instrument by which
the desired reformation can be accomplished. This
great work, moreover, is being undertaken in the best
possible manner. The people have set about doing it
for themselves ; and their present voluntary efforts
cannot fail to inspire the Government with every
feeling of encouragement to persevere in any effort
they may be now making, in accordance with Lord
J. RUSSELL'S manifesto to the citizens of London, to
secure to the country, upon an enlarged scale, the
blessing of intellectual development. We very re
cently adverted to the powerful meeting that took
place in Manchester, and to the admirable orations
which were there respectively delivered by Lord
AIORPETEI and the Archbishop of DUBLIN. Our
columns of to-day contain a full report of a most in-
fluential assembly that met last week in the Music
Hall, Edinburgh, to celebrate the establishment of the
new Philosophical Institution. Its objects are identi-
cal with those of the Manchester Athenaeuni—to open
a valuable library, combined with courses of lectures
on various subjects, to the middling orders of society.
Men of the highest mental attainments were pre.
sent. The Archbishop cf DUBLIN repeated, with his
accustomed ability, the trenchant remarks he offered
to his hearers at Manchester, contended that the
dangers casually incidental to the diffusion of know-
ledge were insignificant compared with those of igno-
rance, and wisely observed, that "in a country
in which so much political power was con-
ferred upon the mass of the people, it
was both unwise and unsafe to trust that
power in the hands of those who had been
left in ignorance." Mr. MACAULAY, M.P., followed
his Grace, with the toast of " The Literature of
Britain." Celebrated as a philosopher, historian,
critic, and statesman, to no one's hands could the
toast be more appropriately consigned. His speech
was fraught with every excellence, and should be
carefully perused. In proof of the general moral
that accompanies a general intellectual improvement,
Mr. MACAULAY instanced the whole character of a
young body of officers having been materially bene-
fited 'awing to the access they had to a valuable
library where they were quartered. He mentioned an
anecdote, which merits attention :
" I was told it by a most accomplished man and an
eminent soldier, and a distinguished diplomatist, who
has enjoyed the confidence of the first generals and
statesmen which Europe bas produced in our own time.
When I asked him to what he owed these accomplished
arts, he said to me—' When I served when a young man
in India, when it was a mere turnit, point in my life,
when it was a mere chance whether I should become a
mere card player, a mere smoke-monger, or a mere
toddy drinker, I was quartered for two years in the
neighbourhood of an excellent library, which was made
accessible to me."

The 21fonileur contains a notice issued by the Mi-
nister of Marine, announcing that tenders would be
received in his offices for the supply of six wooden
houses, necessary for the establishment of Mayotte,
on the coast of Madagascar, to be delivered within
120 days, either at Havre, Cherbourg, Nantes, Bor-
deaux, or Marseilles. This notice would seem to
vouch for the accuracy of the following report, which
appears in the Courrier Francais :
" We have noticed a report at Bourbon of an intended
expedition against Tamatave. According to our last
letters from this colony the ships of war that are to tak,
part in it are the Belle Poule frigate, the Berceau sloop,
the Voltioreur brig, and the Archin ele steamer, with
two hired transports. The military force will Iv., it is
said, 1,500 men, and half a battery of artillery. The
project is to take possession of Tamatave, fortify it, and
establish a regular intercourse with the people on the
coasts. The attack was to be made very promptly,
before the setting in of the winter, which is always full
of danger on these shores."
We hope the attention of the British Go-
vernment will be directed to this expedition, and
that France, which has for some time been endea-
vouring to get a footing in 11-.4 Tnrl will not
be permitted to play the Algeria game over again in
Madagascar. This same town of Tamatave, if it be-
longs to any European "power, belongs to the British.
It was captured from France during the last war, by
a British squadron cruising off the Mauritius, of
which island it was, by the British Government, con-
sidered a dependency. At the peace, when the Island
of Bourbon was restored to France, Mauritius and
Tamatave remained British, and England subse•
quently permitted her ally RADAMA, the King of
Madagascar, to occupy it. If, therefore, Tamatave
ceases to be a Malagash town,. it ought to become a
British one; at all events, it is the duty of our Go-
vernment to prevent it becoming French.
The French Government is, it is said, in treaty-
with a company for the establishment of a line of
trans-Atlantic steam-packets.
The Journal du Havre states that the captain of
the Armide, which has just arrived from St. Helena,
effected whilst at that island the conditional purchase
of Longwood for the sum of 40,000 f. A year is
allowed for him to obtain the decision of his Govern.
ment on this subject. In the event of the Govern•
ment refusing to make the purchase, the Journal do
Havre recommends a public subscription for that

The great desideratum, however, is the simplifying
the titles, and rendering their investigation cheaper
and more expeditious, and at the same time more
satisfactory and certain. We think that this also may
be effected ; but our spice forbids our offering any
further suggestions for the present.

'1 he Augsburgh Gazelle publishes a letter from
Berlin which says, "The British Ambassador at St.
Petersburgh, Lord BLOOMFIELD, has passed through
this city on his way to London. At this particular
moment political importance- is attached to his
return."

purpose.
It is said that M. ROCHET UMERICOURT iS about
to procei,d on a second mission to the Court of Shoa.
Lord BROUGHAM has arrived in Paris.
Algiers journals to the 30th have arrived. The
following letter from Bugia appears in the Akbar of
the 29th :

The dangerous illness of the Earl of IVEsTmouE
LAND, the British Ambassador in Prussia, is an
nounced in the Berlin journals.

elixcaebpytlieosninofgethneerAarlehzazdias,abwahno-
" For some time past the environs of Bugia had been
cdpi)uentledtdy tnthroeatnpqmlauaiinik,,e‘‘au.niptdhttthhheeeir minds to leave the only place
where they could find arable and pasture land. The
hostilities committed on this point were therefore always
their act. In the miidle of the month they attacked
several officers of the garrison, who were on a shooting
excursion, and who were obliged, after a vigorous
defence, to fall back. It was not long, however, before
vengeance was had for this aggression. A few
hours after the return of the officers the native tirailleurs
carried off a flock belonging to the Kabyles. On the
17th a more important razzia was made by order of the
commandant of Bugia. The enemy lost 200 head of
cattle, and had several men killed. On the following
day the Kabyles, in small numbers, came and fired a
few shots at the Government flock, but they were soon
driven back, and pursued beyond the marabout of Sidi
Bou Ameur. Our neighbours, the Mezzias, in their
turn, meditated vengeance for these successive checks.
On the 19th an ambuscade of tha Kabyles endeavoured
to take the Government flock by surprise, but it was
itself surprised by some native tirailleurs, under Lieu.
tenant Giaccobbi. This officer, notwithstanding the
number of the enemy (estimated at 700), did not
hesitate to attack them at the head of only forty-
five men. He took up a good position in ambuscade,
and each discharge killed its man, but the great
number of the enemy, the exhaustion of our ammunition,
and the absence of all succour, rendered the affair pe-
Mous. The Mezzias called out to the natives of the de-
tachment to abandon their chief and join their co-reli-
gionists, but fortunately this appeal was not responded
to. After an hour and a half's fighting the garrison was
perceived on its way to succour the detachment. The 1
:td i s
the
d e rab
centre l e
of booty.
alltheir
On the
intrigues return
commandant did not content himself with releasing the,
dotachment, but pursued the enemy to the mountains,
killing a great many, burning the villages, and making
e
Bou Ameur, which was the rendezvous of our enemies,
a
tered down with cannon. Our loss in the affair of the
19th was small. We had only one man killed, and a few
rigthe marabout of Sidi
wounded. On the following da:essomageaimnsotunutsedwmasenbaot-r
the enemy came into the plain. One of them was
struck by a shell and blown to pieces; it is said that he
was one of the assassins of the Commandant Salomon de
M ussis."

Madrid papers to the 31st ult. have arrived.

The Gaccta contains a decree extending the benefits
of the amnesty to military men under proscription, or
who have been condemned, with the exec pt ion of those
who may have committed offences subjecting them to
punishment since the date of the previous decree.
The benefit of the amnesty is also extended to
deserters.

The Madrid journals contain no intelligence from
Portugal later than the 24th.
The decree for the dissolution of the Cortes had
not appeared.
MADRID BOLSA, Ocr. 31,—Three per Cents., which had
risen at the commencement of business to 347 for cash,
and 35 for paper, subsequently fell to 34, in consequence of
a variety of sinister reports respecting Portugal, the necessity
of a Spanish intervention, the appearance of Cabrera in
Catalonia, the resignation of Senor Mon and General Sanz,
&c. They, however, ultimately closed at 3.434 for cash, and
34% for paper; the Five per Cents. at 21% ; the Debt
without Interest at 6% ; and the Coupons at 20.

Mr. MACAULAY dilated in the most pungent man••
ner, and with infinite wit and humour, upon the
ridiculous dread of superficial education, and triumph-
, antly called upon those who harboured this apprehension
to declare their standard of profundity, to fix the line,
if they could, where superficiality ends and profound-
ness begins. It is clear that no man can do it.
History vouches the fact put forward by the Member
for Edinburgh, that " the intellectual giants of one
age become the intellectual pigmies of the next."
We shall have done a great deal in the way of future
good when we have eradicated in part, if not alto-
gether, the narrow-minded prejudices which infect
many estimable intellects upon the topic of national
education. The peroration of Mr. MAcAuLAy's
address was a piece of finished eloquence. The tri-
bute he paid to our literature was splendid indeed,
but not one whit less true than splendid. No English-
man can read it without fueling justly proud that he
owns a country whose transcendent literature has
elicited so Magnificent an eulcgium.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.

The Marquis of NORMANDY had on Wednesday
delivered to M. GUIZOT the reply of Lord PALMERS-
TON to the last note of the French Minister on the
subject of the Montpensier marriage. In this note it
is said that Lord PALMERSTON insists on a renuncia-
tion on the part of the INFANTA and the Duke of all
right of succession to the throne of Spain.

The Duke and Duchess of MONTPENSIER arrived a

St. Rous en route for Paris on Wednesday. "After
leaving Bourdeaux," says the Debats, " the fetes neces-
sarily ceased, on account of the recent disasters."
Many of the Opposition papers are exceedingly sar-
castic on the paltry sums subscribed by Louis PHI-
LIPPE and his family towards the relief of the suf-
ferers by the inundation. The royal generosity was,
according to the Court papers, to be displayed in a
" magnificent manner." This " magnificent display
of royal generosity" turns out to be a subscription
of 5,000/. for all the members of the royal family.
The Courrier Francais hints that his MAJESTY is in fact
a gainer by the transaction, inasmuch as the fetes in
honour of the Montpensier marriage, which have been
countermanded on account a the inundations, would
have cost much snore than 5,000/. The same journal
also draws a contrast between the paltry 5,000/.
of the richest Sovereign in the world and the
enormous sums contributed towards the relief of the
poor who suffered from scarcity in 1817 by
Louis XV 111. and his family.
The price of corn continues to rise throughout
France.

The Journal des Pyrenees Orientales states that 21
Carlist refugees, who had escaped from their places
of residence in the interior of the country, were
arrested on the 28th ult. at Saillagouse by the gen-
darmerie. This body of men consisted of a colonel,
three commandants, 13 captains, and other officers,
ant four private soldiers.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Thurs-
day at 821. 65c. ; the Five per Cents., 1171. 75c. ; the
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,2221. 50c. ' • Rouen, 8951. ; Havre,
6801. ; Great Northern, 6561. 25c. ; Avignon, 871 f. 25c.;
Vierzon, 577 f 50c.; Bordeaux, 5321. 50c. ; Boulogne, 450 f. ;
Troyes and Montereau, 350 f.; Basle, 216 f. 25c.; Fornpoux,
405 E ; Dieppe, 353 f. 75c.; Paris and Strasburg, 477 f. 50c.;
Tours and Nantes, 487 f. 50c.; Paris and Lyons, 492 f. 50c. ;
Lyons and Avignon, 490 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 475 f.;
Spanish Domestic Debt, 32%.

" The law abhors a perpetuity." This is a prin-
ciple familiar to every student, to the veriest tyro
who has commenced his course of dinners, by which,
according to the present system, legal knowledge is
supposed to be acquired. The doctrine was laid
down, and perseveringly acted on, by a number of
learned men who graced the judicial bench, from a
full conviction of the great injury that would be sus-
tained by the nation if the property in land could be
so tied up as to prevent its future transfer. In the
earlier ages, and in the infancy of our system ofj uris-
prudence, a constant struggle was carried on between
parties who desired to bind and entail real property
in the strictest manner and those opposed thereto..

" Wheat (says La Reforme) has again risen this day,
in the Paris market, from If. to if. 50e. It has reached
the price of 48f. the setier (old measure), or 32f. the
tectolitre. Every other grain has also advanced;

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
',ONBON STOCK EXCHANGE, NOVEMBER 6.
Boulogne and Amiens, I4%—Demerara, 23,, —Dutch Rhenish, 5;
—East Indian, 34—Great Western Bengal, % —Luxembourg, lIA
—Namur and Liege, 34—Orleans and Bordeaux, 7%—Paris and
Lyons Constituted, —RDI/Cll and Havre, 27.

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 9, 1846.

MEXICO AND THE

Ti lED STATES.

SIX DAYS LATER NEWS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY NIGHT.

We have had two arrivals from the United States in
the course of to-day. The packet ship Cambridge, from
New York, with dates of the 16th ultimo; and irome-
diatdy after her the Joshua Bates, from Boston, bring-
ing papers from that city to the 23d, and New York to
the 22d ultimo. The Joshua Bates sailed for Liverpool
on the 22d of October, and has, therefore, made the
voyage in little more than fifteen days. These arrivals
have put us in pissession of papers and other adviee3
from the United States six days later than those pre-
viously received by the Hibernia.
The British and North American Royal Mail steam-
ship Caledonia, after a somewhat protracted voyage, ar-
rived at Boston on the night of the 20th ult., about
eleven o'clock. She sailed hence from this pert in the
forenoon of the 4th, and took out the particulars of the
sad disaster which befel the Great Britain. Prior to
her arrival there was much uneasiness and anxiety mani-
fested for the arrival of Captain Hosken and his
aquatic monster ; and when the intelligence of her mis-
hap became known at Boston, much regret was ex •
pressed at the accident, as well as sympathy for her
commander.

In the papers which we have received, we do not find
any news which can fairly be characterised as im-
portant. Some particulars are given respecting the
movements of the United States army in Mexico, as
well as conjectures respecting the ultimate intention of
their enemies. The West India Mail, which arrived at
Southampton on the 4th, brought us accounts of the
app intrnent of Santa Anna to the office of General Com-
mander-in-Chief. The advices ri3w received confirm
that report, and furnish us with his acceptance of the
command. When at Ayatla, on his way to
the capital, he addressed to the newly ap-
pointed Minister of War, General Alm onto,
a very remarkable, bold, and energetic letter.
It is a manly and patriotic communication, and gives the
United States army to know that in his person they have
a determined enemy, who longs for the time when he
can meet the forces of that country in the battle-field, so
that he may unsheath his sword, and take vengeance for
the aggressions made upon the Mexican soil by the
troops of Brother Jonathan. Santa Anna tells A ltnonte,
and through him the people of Mexico, that they are
now engaged in a terrible contest with a perfidious and
daring enemy, in which the Mexican Republic must
reconquer the insignia of her glory, or disappear from
the face of the earth.

Santa Anna reached the capital on the 15th of Sep-
tember. His reception was of the most encouraging and
flattering description. The people were joyous beyond
measure, and seemed to recognise in him their saviour
and deliverer. The day after his arrival, the Provisional
Government, following out the sentiments of Santa
Anna, ordered a levy of 30.000 men to recruit the army.
Requisitions were forthwith transmitted to all the prin-
cipal places in the Republic fur an immediate furnish-
ing of their respective quotas of men. Puebla,
and the whole of the towns within a circuit of 50 or 60
1 agues of the metropolis. are stated to have complied with
the requisition with much cheerfulness and alacrity. On
the arrival of the news at Puebla, a regiment was imme-
diately raised with a view to assist, and in the equip-
ment of this large body of soldiers the Mexican Go-
vernment have remitted all duties upon munitions of
war. A commission had been appoirred on the 4th of
September, to adopt ways and means for encouraging
and rewarding deserters from the enemy's camp, who
should happen to place themselves under Mexican pro-
tection.

The accounts from Santa Fe state that General Kear-
ney had been organising his military force and making
a provisional Government. Intelligence was also said
to have reached New York, that he had left Santa Fe on
the 3d of September, having with him 3,0.: 0 men and
20 days' provisions. His destination was Rio Ambago.
He was expected to return in a fortnight, after which he
was to start for California.
From the seat of war late accounts have been re-
ceived. The health of the troops had been very indif-
ferent, and those that were at Matamoras were dying
at the rate of five per day. The late battle at Mon-
terey is said to have cost the Americans 700 killed and
wounded ; the Mexicans, 1,100. Major Graham had
left Washington, charged with instructions to General
Taylor, whom the United States Government have or-
dered to prosecute the war with energy and perseve-
rance. The terms of his negotiation with Ampudia, are
said to have been very unsatisfactory to the authorities
of Washington. General Taylor was to le we Monterey
for Saltillo on the Ist of November, and an additional
force of 4,000 men were to be put under his command,
so that he would depart from the scene of his last con-
quest at the head of 9.000 troops. Santa Anna was
supposed to be on his way to meet General Taylor, and
that the two armies would come within musket reach of
each other, at San Luis Potosi, where another engage-
ment was likely to take place.

GENERAL SANTA ANNA, COMMANDER-IN-
CHIEF OF' rHE LIBERATING ARMY, TO
GENERAL ALMON'FE, MINISTER 01? WAR
OF THE REPUBLIC OF MEXICO.
AItoTTA, ONE O'CLOCK A.M., SEPT. 14, 18-16.
have received your favour of this date, ac-
knowledging a decree issued by the Supreme Govern-
ment of the nation, embrEeing a programme of the
proceedings adopted to regulate a due celebration of the
re-establishment of the constitution of 1824, the assomp-
ion by myself of the supreme executive power, and the
;inniversary of the glorious cry of Dolores. My satis-
,'ltetion is extreme to observe the enthusiasm with which
preparations are made to celebrate the two greatest bles-
sings that have fallen upon this nation—her independ-
ence and liberty—and lam penetrated with the deepest
gratitude to find that my arrival at the capital will be
made to contribute to the solemnities of so great an oc-
:•asion.
" In furtherance of this object, I shall make my en-
'ranee into that city to-morrow at mid-clay, and desire,
in contributing my share to the national jubilee, to ob-
serve such a course as may beet accord with my duties
to my country—beloved of my heart—and with the re-
spect due to the will of the sovereign people.
" I have been called by the voice of my fellow-citizens
to exercise the office of Commander-in Chief of the army
:if the Republic. I was far from my native land
when intelligence of this renewed confidence, and of
these new obligations imposed upon me by my country
,vas brought me, and I saw that the imminent dan-
ers which surrounded her on all sides, formed the
chief motive for calling inc to the head of the army.
I now see a terrible contest with a perfidious and
ihring enemy, impending on her, in which the Mexi-
can Republic must reconquer the insignia of her glory,
;en' a fortunate issue, it victorious, or disappear from
he Lee of the earth, if so unfortunate as to be de-
reated. I see also a treacherous faction raising its head
from her bosom, which in calling up a form of govern-
ment detested by the united nation, provokes a prefer-
able submission to a foreign dominion; and I beheld
at last, that after much vacillation, that nation is re-
solved to establish her right to act for herself, and to
arrange such a form of government as best suits her
wishes. All this I have observed, and turned a lis-
tening ear to the cry of my desolated country, satis-
fied that she really needed my weak services at so
important a period. Hence I have come without
hesitation or delay to place myself in subjection to
her will, and, desirous to be perfectly underst, fed,
upon reaching my native soil, I gave a full and public
expression of my sentiments and principles. The recep-
tion which they met with convinced nae that I had not
deceived mys,-If, and I am now the more confirmed in
them, not from having given tl.em more consideration,
but because they have formed a general echo in the
hearts of my fellow-citizens. I come here to carry my
views into operation, and in compliance with the man-
late of my country. She calls me as commander-in-
chief of the army, and in that capacity I stand ready to

serve.
" The enemy occupies our harbours, he is despoiling
us of the richest of our territories, and threatens us with
his domination. I go then to the head of the Mexican
army, an army the offspring (eijo) of a free people, and
joined with it, I will fulfil my utmost duty in opposing
the enemies of my country. I will die fighting, or lead
the valiant Mexicans to the enjoyment of a triumph to
which they are alike entitled by justice, by their war-
like character, and by the dignity and enthusiasm.which
ingratitude
for
by
my fellow citfzens ; or unless I would behold her they have preserved, of a free nation. The war is a
necessity of immediate importance, every delay is an age
of infamy; I cannot recede from the position which
the nation has assigned me ; I must go forward unless I
upon
with which
myself thel h
censure
been
due
overwhelmedto
favoursfwoorutlhdedraw
hum-
bled and suffering under a perpetuation of her misfor-
tunes. Your Excellency will at once perceive how great
an error I should commit in assuming the supreme ma-
gistracy, when my duty calls me to the field to fight
against the enemies of the Republic. I should disgrace
myself if, when called to the post of danger, I should
spring to that of power ! Neither my loyalty nor
my honour requires the abandonment of interests so dear
to me.
" The single motive of my heart is to offer my com-
patriots the sacrifice of that blood which runs in my veins.
I wish them to know that I consecrate myself entirely to
their service as a soldier ought to do, and am only
desirous further to be permitted to point out the course
, imns tpbs(
el
s;
res leaving
fh ear s theelcfoa nationns
gsrheess
sees herto
by which Mexico may attain the rank to which her
destinies call her. In marching against the enemy
and declining to accept of power, I give a proof of
the
e,s
re tltifhewseifsoahrs
nationt
amo a
ya
singledbwoepis will
place fiti,,h7tr.emnsiTunti
hichseeetrrcieteosylrsei,seotatifittoumloti
sibyoenrfstoeyv‘rn,thtiomimedh:
cce:heltdrefe.sndwai nreli;gfigi.ouelfailrshd'sihisehoarautal
llr(iiC(n)budoepilleleedpgrteimrghneiasedtgsreenmldtei%b•yei
il twill soon
the e
°nu()
fiwi e
t,
i con-
venensapa trl tileietceehpde;srr:dsa)
moment to take the reins of government, the sincerity
be: the general good, as well as my
of my promises would be rendered questionable, and
d a soldier. I cannot abandon
no confidence could be placed in them. I am re-
solved ,:::2t they shall not be falsified, for in their
redemption I b
and I have no desird
honour as a Mexican b 2
and flatter myself that the
this position. The existing Government has pursued
a course a ith which the nation" has shown itself content,
continue to impose upon me, and ".
to subvert it by taking its place
I feel abundant pleasure in remaining where I am,
choice. Ishall ' joyfully nation will applaud my
accept s.t. -h tasks as she shall
promoting the objects of civilisation while
a.
-e every
I will bra._
danger iu supporti' its benefits, even at the cost of la,
ex!stence. Will your Excellency
tender to the Supreme have the goodness to I
Government
my
will bra.
ill 3

for their kindness ? I will personally repeat them to-
morrow, for which purpose I propose to call at the
palace. I shall there embi ace my friends ; and hastily
pressing them to my heart, bid them a tender farewel!,
and set out for the scene of war, to lend my aid to serve
my country or to perish among its ruins. I byg to re-
peat to your Excellency assurances of my continued and
special esteem.
" ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA."