The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-06 00:00:00

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1846.

PRICE SD.

terest, in which he has played a part the most promi-
nent. You have listened to-day to the Noble Doke near
me, who had every claim to your respect because he had
every claim to your confidence.—(Cheers.) You have
listened to-day to my noble friend Lord Granby, who
has displayed on this occasion, as on others, when I
have observed him with delight in the House of Com-
mons—all the pure spirit of a high chivalric courage,
and the expression of a natural eloquence, which is
never excited with more eff ct than ashen it vindicates
the cause of the people.--(Cheers.) You have listened
to others well entitled to command and to charm ; but
I am a stranger among you--and known to you only
by some slight endeavours to vindicate the cause, which
my constituency ten years ago sent me to Parliament to
uphold—(Cheers)—and to which, even in its apparently
fallen fortunes, I can tell you—l hardly need tell you in
a scene like this—it is some consolation to feel that I
have never been recreant.—(Cheers.) _ Having this solid
claim, a claim shared by so many to your kindness—l
need not say I assure Sou that I am not only deeply
sensible of your kindness, but much affected by it.—
(Loud cheers.) The circumstances which have occurred
in this country during the last eventful year are, I may
say, unprecedented in the history of England, and con-
sidering that we have enjoyed longer than any other
country a free constitution, I need not say that they are
unprecedented in the history of the world.—(Cheers.) I
should be ashamed of any rhetorical exaggeration, and I
do not mean to say that I have not seen changes as great
as we have witnessed lately—that there have not been
revolutions as vast, or in their c ffects even more signifi-
c int. I cannot forget that empires have fallen and never
appeared again; that constitutions have been destroyed
and had never again been called into existence.—(Hear,
hear.) I cannot forget such events as the French revo-
lution; but these are not to be brought into parallel with
that to which I refer, which with so much ceremony and
silence has been perpetrated in England. Now, a
change so great in its conception, and it might be
so vast in its results, was brought about by such
means—(Cheers)--and carried into effect by such ma-
chinery.—(Renewed cheers.) In other revolutions there
had been a struggle between contending parties and the
weakest fell, but this is the first time of a great change
—no less than a revolution in the material-system which
regulates the industry of the greatest nation in the
world—perpetrated in such a manner-that I cannot com-
pare the struggle to a fair encounter—to the glorious
days of Waterloo, but to an expression which has been
used in another place—to a stab in the back. —(Cheers.)
It was indeed one of those perpetrations worthy of the
Italian middle ages, when the point of the stiletto, or
the poisoned mouth of the goblet, settled the fate of an
individual.—(Cheers.) Whatever may be the conse-
quences of this change, I will say that the change has
been conceived in panic and consummated in treachery.
—(Cheers.) We find in it all the temerity of the pol-
troon, and all the courage of the assassin.—(Hear,
hear.) The protectionists had to fight in an unexpected
battle, and the difficulties we experienced were not
slight, for when we assembled together we •had to find a
commander, to form a staff, to educate officers, and to
discipline our army.—(Cheers.) You will readily be-
lieve that it was no agreeable event to find Parliament
assembled, and ourselves obliged to oppose men whom
we had assisted in placing at the head of affairs only
five years ago.—(Hear, hear.) To such as maintain
that we ought not to have so strongly opposed a Minis-
try we had before supported, I answer, if you ask a
man to dine with you, and detect him stealing silver
spoons, it is no breach of hospitality to show him to the
door.—(Cheers and laughter.) I confess that to be
nearly the case with the late Government. It may not
be very flattering to their feelings, that the necessary
consequence of their conduct accompany them, but when
I see them sitting on one of the most solitary Opposition
benches that probably ever existed, separated as if they
were in quarantine, not a single member hardly among
the janisaries or renegades venturing to take their places
among them ; when I see that those who enter into the
troublesome contagion walk about the House of Com -
mons as if they bore the yellow flag, I see a great moral
lesson ! and whether the principles of free trade are
right or wrong, it is well for the morality of England
that these gentlemen were expelled from power, When
I talk of the scanty Opposition benches of those Mi-
nisters, punished as they have been—legitimately and
properly punished—(Cheers)—l do not wish you to sup-
posea I am at all inclined to support the policy of their
successors.—(Hear, hear.) The difference between the
sentiments of Lord John Russell and Sir R. Peel is not
so great in principle, but it is vastly significant in ex-
pression.—(Hear.) I should say, without any exception,
the most guarded free trader I ever became acquainted
with is Lord John Russell—(Hear)—but I pretend not
to prophesy, because if we are to judge by what he has
done he is ready for everything.—(Laughter.) But we
must distinguish between the mature conviction of Lord
J. Russell and that puerile fanaticism which marked the
late Prime Minister of England—(Cheers and laughter)
—which, if it were developed by a youth instead of dis-
tinguishing a Prime Minister of more than mature
years—(A laugh)—we could only regard as that
phrensy which results from meeting a particular ani-
mal in the dog-days.--(Laughter.) I say this be-
cause I do not wish our policy to be misconstrued if
we do not go into a mechanically violent opposi-
tion against the present Government. It was
sufficient to show to the people of this country
that we had all done our duty under an exigency so re-
markable. What we wished the people of England to
see was this—that although our chiefs had forgotten us,
we remembered our constituents—(Hear, hear)—and all
that we see in the present Government is but a further
reflex of the last, as the last was but an exaggerated
copy of the gentlemen of Manchester.—(Hear, hear.)
No sooner was Lord John Russell Prime Minister of
England than he repeated the tale of Sir Robert Peel. He
told you that the principle upon which he was going to
conduct the government of England with respect to its
commercial policy was the principle of buying in the
cheapest market and selling in the dearest. That was
the principle of Mr. Cobden, who stole it from Mr.
Deaccn Hume. From Mr. Cobden it came to Sir Robert
Peel, and it now becomes the principle of Lord John
Russell, as it was the principle of Mr. Cobden and Sir
Robert Peel.—(Laughter.) You remember in the
" Arabian Nights" that a hunchback swallowed a fish-
bone that stuck in his throat, and he became apparently
dead. He was then recommended to be thrown down
a chimney to remove the bone. It was done, but with-
out effect, and he was then thrown down one chimney
after another until he had gone through the street.—
(Great laughter.) Still it was all of no use, he re
mained in the same condition. At this moment Lord
John Russell has the hunchback in his possession.—
(Laughter.) Whether he will extract the fishbone trom
his throat or not I do not know, but I am certain of this,
that all those gentlemen who are so devoted to this prin-
ciple are too ready, when once they have served their turn,
to wash their hands of all responsibility.—(Hear, and a
laugh.) That principle, I believe, made a clerk in the
Customs a Secretary of the Treasury. It made Mr.
Cobden the head of a great agitation movement. It
kept Sir Robert Peel in power when he did not know
how otherwise he might govern the country—(A laugh)
—and now, notwithstanding Lord John Russell's let r,
it has made him Prime Minister.—(Dear, and a laugh.)
The question is, having got the hunchback, how will he
get rid of him ?—(Laughter.) He has announced that
it is the interest of England to buy in the cheapest
and to sell in the dearest market. I will not enter

into any details on the subject ; it is not
that I doubt the principle, but I not only den)
that it is the true principle of commerce, but I
deny that it is the principle of commerce at all. It is
the principle of trade, it is the principle of retail trade,
but it is not the principle of commerce, and like all al-
leged principles which are false, I will show you it can-
not be practised. The real principle of commerce is
barter, an interchange on equal terms of equivalent ad
vantages.—(Hoar. hear.) Why, some years back, this
was a favourite theme of the political economists. It
was received. and hailed as an axiom. I accept it as such.
It is utterly antagonistic to the new, the pseudo principle
of commerce, now so much vaunted. Why, gentlemen.
if this rule be good at all, it is good for all ; the principle
is a general principle. Try it as such ; if it be good for
you it is good for every other nation. If you sell in the
dearest market, they will sell in the dearest market;
and, therefore, if you buy of them you will buy at the,
greatest advantage, or you, according to this nev,
prir.cip!e, will sell at the greatest advantage. What
you gain in one way you will lose in another. Why,
this is the " vicious circle" again, of which we hay.
recently heard so much. The political economists
used to allege against the system of protection that it
robbed Peter to pay Paul ; that it took from one pocket
to put it in another. Our answer to the political econo-
mists is, that the system of protection is not to be merely
or principally judged by its pecuniary results ; it pro-
poses to itself other objects than the wealth of nations ;
it thinks that the happiness of the people is a necessary
ingredient of the wealth of nations.—(Hear.) Gentle-
men, our system may be right or it may be wrong tht
meditation of every day the more convinces that it p
wise and just. But the::e grounds cannot be alleged by
the political economists. Their system must be weighed
on its money results, and by none other. It aims at ne
you that, viewed in this
moral objects ; and I show
light—the only light in whichit can be considered—this
great principle, which is the basis of all the new mea-
sures, which has distracted the mind and disturbed tilt
fortunes of England, is a fallacy, a self-confounding ant.
self-destroying fallacy.—(Cheers.) After this violation
of all public honour and private faith—after all this.
we suddenly find the Government of this country in
the hands of Lord J. Russell, but he has confessed the)
are in a minority in both Houses of Parliament, am
they do not pretend they are in a majority in thi
country, or why do they not appeal to it?—(Cheers an(
laughter.) Well then, what is the secret reason of ali
this change?—(Hear, hear.) Why is Lord J. Russel.
Prime Minister at this present moment? He come_
forward and tells you his reason is that he is seeking tt
maintain a policy which is to allow England to buy it
the cheapest market and to sell in the dearest. Asli
Sir R. Peel the reason for his conduct, and he will
refer you to that apothegm. Ask Mr. Cobden, and hi
will also refer you to that axiom.—(Laughter.) 1\1(
one can deny this, that it is a most unprecedented state
of affairs.—(Hear, hear.) There is something mystical.
something cabalistic in that sentence to have producer;
such a change.—(Hear, hear.) Where is the great agri-
cultural interest which is the basis of the polio
of England, and has been for centuries? I cannot
believe that this nation—aud when I say this nation
I mean all classes—with their primary intelligence will

he gnverned by wen-le—will be degraded to n ere dis•
tinction between hocus and pocus.—( laughter.)
Will the blood of men and the spirit of a free country
result in such an ignominious and mystical catastrophe?
—(llear, hear.) lam not one et' those who, under any
circumstances, will desp.arr. The agricultural interest-,
and I mean by the agricultural interest two-thirds of
the English people, who depend directly or indirectly
upon the cultivation of their native soil, have been
oftentimes assaulted, though perhaps not under circum-
stances so particular as the present. But they have
risen trom the sod they cultivate with renewed energy.
—Olean) They are like that great gentleman who sits
upon the throne of France, who bears a" charmed life"
—(Cheers)—and notwithstanding the pistols of the re-
formed tariff, and that infernal machine the Corn Im-
portation Act, I believe that they will baffle all the ma-
noeuvres and machinations of their enemies.—(Cheers.)
But my lion. Friend has told you we ere met here
to day, not so much to moralise upon the past as to
speculate upon the future. To his theme and plan every
man of intelligence did respond. I know that what he
states here he practises in another place.—(Great
cheering.) But I know, and I trust under wher circum-
stances, we shall retrace our steps. I believe we shall
retrace our steps. I expressed that opinion lately in
another place, and a great authority questioned the
justness of that position. It was said then, that applied
to some events of no great importance, it might be true.,
The instances I quoted were not very slight ones. I
referred to a throne which was subverted, yet before
which you now bow—(Cheers) -of an altar aide!' was
overahelmed, yet before which you now kneel. I spoke
of high courts of Parliament svhich sere abrogated, yet
Members of which are now meeting the farmers cf
Norfolk and the burgesses of Lynn at this festival. I
referred to financial revolutions, which, after a century
are declared unjust ; of changes no less important
than the abrogation of slavery, which the Ministers
and political economists of the present day
have, scarcely with a disguise, confessed to be a
blunder; and according to the money, in opposition to
the moral, principle they are so. But if the principle
that the history of England is the history of reaction
be true, as Lord J. Russell admits, in slight instances,
and be true, as I have proved, in great ones, it must be
admitted that it is a rule of very general application.--
( (liar, hear.) Mind I do not say universal application--
I leave rules of universal application to political econo-
mists.—(Loud cheers.) Gentlemen, the principle is in-
controvertible, and Lord J. Russell is the last man who
should controvert it. Why, what has been for nearly
two centuries the prime policy of the house of Bedford
and of the great historical party of which they are the
chiefs? Certainly this—to prevent the government of
Ireland being in the hands of the Roman Catholic popula-
tion.—(Hear, hear.) Now, gentlemen, I give no opinion
now upon the policy or impolicy of that course—I wish
to enter into no controversy upon it—l refer merely
to a political fact and to an historical illustration.
No one can impugn the accuracy of my statement.--
(Hear, hear.) And I ask you now, at this day, what is
the prime policy of the house of Bedford, represented
by Lord John Russell, and of the great historical party
of which he is the able leader? Unquestionably to place
the Government of Ireland principally in the hands of
the Roman Catholic population. Lord John Russell and
the Whigs then are retracing their steps, and this is
another proof that the history of England is the history
of reaction. The Hon. Gentleman concluded his address
by again referring to the Corn Bill, and saying that that
reaction would speedily lead to its repeal, and resumed
his seat amidst great cheering.
Various other toasts were then drunk, amongst which
were " The Health of the Earl of Oxford. the chairman,"
Mr. Miles, M.P., &e., shortly after which the party
broke up.

APPREHENDED CHOLERA IN
THE METROPOLIS.
A public meeting was held on Tuesday, at the Lon-
don Tavern, Bishopsgate•street, for the purpose of de-
ciding as to the best means to be adopted in order to
prevent or lessen the evils that would result from the
breaking out of cholera in the metropolis. The room
was not very crowded, but several medical gentlemen
practising in the city of London and its suburbs, and
persons known to take an interest in the cleansing and
drainage of the City, were present, and took an active
part in the proceedings.
At half.past twelve o'clock the Rev. Jas. Harris was
called to the chair.
Mr. COCHRANE first addressed the meeting. lie
commenced by alluding to the horrible nature of the
Asiatic cholera, and to the causes which produced it,
or at least considerably aggravated the symptoms.
These were the noxious vapours emanating from
drains and uncovered sewers, and the effluvia arising
from accumulated filth, such as rotten vegetables,
stagnant water, &c., which all must have noticed
more or less in different parts of London and the subur'os.
Amongst other things, he stated that in Westeinster
alone there were 10,000 gully holes commtAnicating
with sewers, one half of which were stopped up. The
result was the exhalation of pestilential gases, which
even in the absence of any epidemic could not fail
to prove highly injurious to the public health. For
the remedy of this evil the introduction of legis-
lative measurs had been recommended, but he
did not think it would be advisable to wait
for that ; he thought the plague itself might make its
appearance before the evil was removed, if people de-
layed in the hope of such means as those alluded to
being taken. lie intended submitting a resolution to
the meeting, in which the Lord Mayor would be re-
quested to convene a public meeting, in order to take
measures for the removal of what might be the cause of
a dreadful calamity. ~
Mr. GOULD was happy to say that he had the Lord
Mayor's authority for stating that there was no such
thing as Asiatic cholera at present in the metropolis.
tie therefore hoped the meeting would not come to any
resolutions which might tend to cause unnecessary alarm
to the publie.—(llear, hear.) lie himself was of opi-
nion that the mere calling of a public meeting for the
consideration of such a question had been unadvisablo,
but now that it was assembled, some good might be done
by considering the state of the streets of London with
reference to drainage and sewerage, and the good that
must always be produced by the promotion of habits of
cleanliness among the poor. He then called attention
to the baths and washhouses established in
Glasshouse-yard and East Smithfield, and to the pleasure
with which the poor resorted to them. There was no de-
nying the beneficial effectsproducedby these institution;
but it was also worthy of remark that at the very door
of these free baths, dirt, stagnant water, and refuse of
all descriptions, were collected, thus:directly counteracting
the advantages resulting to the poorer classes from the,
cleanly condition of their bodies and clothes.
Dr. Cnaneus J. Cox spoke of the immense amount
of diarrhoea at present affectiug the inhabitants of Lon-
don. It was chiefly found among the poor, and was oc-
casioned, in addition to other causes, by consumption
of unripe and rotten fruit, the selling of which, he said,
ought to be prevented by the police. Ile proposed a
resolution appointing a committee of medical men to de-
cide on some simple remedy for the prevalent disease,
and which should be sold by all the chemists and
druggists.
This resolution was subsequently negatived.
Dr. E. MoonE had had much experience in cases of
cholera. What was termed the English cholera was,
doubtless, very prevalent, and he had met with one
case in which the symptoms had been very similar
to those of' the Asiatic cholera. He had informed
the Secretary of State of the fact, but had merely
received an acknowledgment of his letter. He
thought considerable blame was attached to
!he parochial authorities for the filthy manner in which
the streets were kept ; the sewer rate was most con-
scientiously exacted. but though the outlay of a few hun-
dred pounds would render the neighbourhood in which
heilived (Bethnal-green) both clean and healthy, nothing
was done towards its improvement.
Mr. GOULD considered it unwise to become a meeting
alarmists, for to that he thought it was approaching.
He hoped it would be perfectly understood by the public
that no cholera of the Asiatic description was at present
in London.
A very long and desultory discussion then took place,
which ended in the adoption of a resolution, cahlliandg upon
the Lord Mayor to consider thefaets that
brought forward at the meeting,
. and to take measures
fbr improving the sanatory condition of the metropolis..,;
After a vote of thanks to the chairman, the meeting
adjourned until Thursday next, (this day) at one o'clock.

THUNDER-STORM of YESTERDAY
Yesterday forenoon, about 10 o'clock, in consequence of the
rapid rise of the Fleet sewer, two more houses in Round-
court, Brook-hill, Clerkenwell-green, adjacent to the two
which fell down on Saturday night last, were so undermined
by the violence of the current, that they came down with a
tremendous crash, causing the greatest alarm to the neigh-
bourhood. One of them was in the possession of Mr. Fox,
black-lead dealer, and which is used as a workshop. From
the appearance of other houses in the locality, the shock has
placed them in much danger, and there are fears among the
inhabitants that several more abutting on the sewer rose
yesterday between seven and eight feet above its usual level,
and in some instances poured into the rooms of the first floor.
The most of the houses along the sides of the sewer, which is
at this part, and fur many hundred feet upwards not,
enclosed, have been built between 100 and 200 years.
They are situated in the track of the line of the in-
tended new street, the Act for which was obtained about
two years ago.
ROCHESTER, AUG. J.—During the storm yesterday a vivid
dash of lightning, which appeared to take its course through
the High-street of Rochester, was observed to cross the
river, and suddenly darting downward, struck the topmast
of the Neptune, which was riven to pieces, the fragments
being scattered to a considerable distance on to and around
the adjoining buildings. The electric fluid descended by
the funnel into the cabin, where its effects were most de-
destructive, every article of furniture being more or less
damaged, and the stove rent in twain. One of the cables
was also cut asunder. At this moment there were two per-
sons below, and their escape was most providential. One of
them, William Slackford, was knocked down by the shock,
and was fur a time almost unconscious of what had oc-
curred, but, fortunately, sustained no injury. His com-
panion also escaped unhurt. Their safety is attributed
to the nature of.the cargo, the vessel being laden with
packs of wool, and which is now unloading in order to
ascertain the extent of the damage done to her, which, it is
believed, is such as to render her unfit fur the voyage. It
being the flow of the tide, the vessel's mast rose considerably
above the surrounding buildings, and thus, perhaps, pro-
served snore valuable property from the destructive effects of
the storm.

FUNERAL Of SIR GEORGE MURRAY.—The remains
of this lamented officer were removed from the family resi-
dence, in Belgrave-square, yesterday, for interment in the
iamily vault, at Kensal-green Cemetery. The cot tege con-
sisted of a hearse, several mourning coaches, and the private
carriages of the Duke of Wellington, the Marquis of An-
L:lesey, Sir F. Trench, Lord Fitzroy Somerset, and others.
l'he arrangements were under the direction of Mr. Bird, of
Margaret-street, Cavendish-square.
RIBBONISM.—We are happy to state that, through
the exertions of the Roman Catholic clergy, the rltkonsystecma.T.7
the decline in Sligo, 41.14 we hope to see it ultimately e r
Sligo champion.