The Sun.
London, England, 1848-09-26 00:00:00

N. 17,473.] LONDON, TUESDAY E Z

PUBLICATIONS.

I D AKIN'S ROYAL PATENT COFFEE.
Oa introducing this extraordinary and highly important in-
vention, it will be necessary, in the first instance, to point out the
evils and imperfections arising from all other principles of roasting
and preparing Coffee at present in use.
Coffee is almost universally roasted in an iron cylinder, which is
turned by hand or steam power over a coke fire. The Coffee is let
in and out of the cylinder by means of a slide, which is the whole
length of the cylinder, and which it is next to impossible to render
perfectly air-tight ; the consequence of this defect is, that the sul-
phurous and noxious fumes of the coke penetrate into the cylinder
and mingle with the Coffee. We will suppose, however, the cylinder
containing the Coffee to be placed over the fire, which is then co-
vered in, cylinder and all, and the process of roasting to be commenc-
ing. The first evidence of this fact is the vegetable vapour which is
given off by the Coffee, and which vapour is more or less impregnated
with gallic and manic acids, which acids, acting upon the iron, form
gailates and malates with that metal. The heat continues, the va-
pour is condensed, and forms a most noxious fluid, which is mingling
with the Coffee, and by the increasing heat is again vaperised, and
is assisted in its destroying work by one of the most powerful acids
known, namely, by the pyroligneous acid, which is now beginning to
be given off by the Coffee most freely. This vicious acid continues
forming with the iron the acetate thereof, and imparting the same to
the Coffee, which receives, in additton, a sulphurous flavour from the
coke. It should be observed, that so astonishingly great is the quan-
tity of pyroligneous acid formed, that many ounces may be collected
from the roasting a single hundred weight of the berry. The action
of the pyreligneous acid upon either iron or copper cylinders is well
known; with the former a compound is formed which, if not de-
cidedly injurious to health, gives to the berry a meat acrid and dis-
agreeable flavour; whilst, with the latter, the result is verdigris.
Again, by the usual roasting process, which is nothing more nor
less than a species of destructive distillation, what possible chance
has the aroma of this valuable berry of being properly developed?
Supposing for one moment that it were properly developed, it is well
known to be exceedingly volatile, and would quiekly escape through
the crevices in the slide of the:cylinder ; whilst the vegetable vapour,
being exceedingly sluggish, and containing the vicious and noxious
acids, would remain behind, giving to the Coffee that cankerous,
acrid, and metallic taste, that renders the infusions of this otherwise
most valuable and wholesome berry a beverage avoided by the deli-
cate, and highly injurious to the health of many who consume it.
For guarding against all these evils, and for doing away with all
those long-complained-of imperfections, her Most Gracious Majesty
has been pleased to grant to Dakin and Company her Royal Letters
Patent.
The plan on which "Dakin's Royal Patent Coffee" is roasted and
prepared is as follows :—The iron cylinder is altogether done away
with, and the Coffee is never, under any circumstance, allowed to
come in contact with iron. A SILVER cylinder is substituted, and
the heat is obtained by means of the atmospheric air passed over hot
plates, by which plan, as neither the fire, nor the fumes thereof, are
in any way allowed 'to be, in contact with the cylinder, the evils
Arbing from tildolPhilrells vapours of the coke mixing- I%7lth—the
Coffee are entirely avoided The siLytut cylinder is so constructed
that, through apertures made for the purpose, the vegetable vapour
which contains the vicious acids from the offee, is allowed to es-
cape, whilst the apertures, being closeable at pleasure, are imme-
diately closed as soon as this, the first part of the process of roasting,
is accomplished. The SILVER cylinder then becomes air tight, and
the aroma, which otherwise would escape, is condensed on the berry,
which thereby contains all its valued and inherent excellence. The
Coffee, after being sufficiently roasted in a SILVER cylinder, and
after being cooled down in a SILVER cooler, is ready for purchasers
who buy their Coffee whole ; whilst the Coffee that is supplied
ground, is pulverised between powerful stones, and for better
preservation from the atmosphere, is recommended to purchasers
packed in glass bottles, containing two pounds each, which are
corked down air-tight, and sealed with the Royal Arms.
DAICIN and CO. will have great pleasure in showing many testi-
monials which they have received from the most eminent physicians,
surgeons, and gentlemen of the faculty, as to the beneficial effects
and advantages of " Dakin's Royal Patent Coffee." The following
certificate of Mr. Alfred S. Taylor and Mr. Arthur Atkin, the great
authorities on chemistry, medical jurisprudence, :and the sanitary
question, will, however, no doubt be deemed conclusive:—
" We hereby certify that we have chemically examined four
" varieties of coffee—namely, best Mocha, Jamaica, Very Fine and
" Good Plantation (Ceylon) Coffee, both in the raw state and as
" prepared and roasted by the patent process of Messrs. Dakin. We
" have likewise chemically examined samples of the mile varieties
" of Coffee roasted at the same time "in the usual way, and the result
" of this examination is that in delicacy of flavour, odour, and as an
" article of diet, the Coffee prepared by Messrs. Dakin's process is, in
" our judgment, superior to that prepared in the ordinary way.
"We have also examined the apparatus used by Messrs. Dakin
" for roasting Coffee, and we find that all the surfaces with which
" the Coffee comes in contact during this process are of silver. We
" find aiso that great care is taken so to regulate the degree of heat
" and the mode of its application as to render necessary a longer
" time and lower temperature to effect the roasting, whereby all
" risk of charring the berry or of producing empyreumatic oil is
" prevented, the separation of acid vapour is more gradual and corn-
" plete, and a larger portion of aroma is retained than occurs in the
" usual methods of coffee roasting.
" The process of Messrs. Dakin appears to us, therefore, in a
" chemical view, better adapted than any yet suggested for procuring
" roasted Coffee in a pure and wholesome form.
" ARTHUR AIKIN,
" ALFRED S. TAYLOR, F.R.S.,
" Lecturers on Chemistry in Guy's Hospital.
" Chemin.' Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, August 9, 1848.
PRICE CURRENT OF "DAMN'S ROYAL PATENT COFFEE.'
In addition to the following, Dakin and Co. have the best Coffees
procurable from Demerara, Dominica, Malabar, Sumatra, Java,
Padaeg, St. Domingo, Batavia, Havannah, Brazil, Bahia, Cuba,
La Guayra, Porto Rico, &c.
Common Cone ........per lh. Os. 9d. to Os. ltd.
Ceylon ....Good quality .......... „ 1 0 to 1 2
Fine plantation ••.• • „ I 4 to 1 6
Berbice •• —Fine to finest . „ 0 .10 to 1 4
Jamaica ....Good to fine . „ 0 11 to 1 4
Very fine to finest .. •• „ 1 6 to 1 10
Costa Rica .. A strong and good Coffee „ 1 2 to 1 6
Mocha.... • .Choice old to finest aged „ 1 5 to 1 10
SELECTED SORTS.—WhoIo or G ound.
Common Coffee ...... • ..• • • per lb. Os. 10d.
Very- good and strong.... ••••••• • • • • • • •
Very strong and full f1av0ured..............." 1 4
Rich and fine flavoured Coffee •••••• • • • • • • „ 1 6
Particularly choice Coffee ••..• • • • • ,' 1 8
The above are also supplied in 21b. bottles, which bottles Pre
charged 3d. each, and the same is allowed for when returned.
The following sorts are supplied in sealed bottles containing two
pounds each, and no charge is made for the bottles :
Two pounds of good sound Coffee, in a sealed bottle, 2s. 6d.
Two pounds of strong and fine flavoured Coffee, in a
•• • • ...• •••••• • • • • .. • • •• . .•• • • IS. ld.
sealed bottle
Two pounds of very choice and excellent Coffee, in
a sealed bottle •• • ... • •..•••• • • • • •• • • 35. 6d.
Two pounds of the finest old rnonn'ain Coffee, mellow
in ripeness and richness of Savour, in a sealed bottle 48. Od.
DAMN and COMPANY, Patentees, NUMBER ONE, St.
PAUL'S CHURCHYARD.
Gentlemen of science and the Public generally are respectfully in.
vited to inspect the machinery and apparatus employed in the
roasting, &c., of Dakia's Royal Patent Coffee, and to view the
whole in action, fine Coffee constantly roasting, Ste., at the ware-
bou-es of Dakin and Co., in Shoemaker-row, within a stone's throw
of" Number One," where an assistant is waiting to accompany
visitors to the warehouses, and to explain the whole of this ROYAL
PATENT PROCESS for roasting and preparing Coffee.

AMERICAN NEWS.

T" QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXVI.,
will be published on SATURDAY, September 30.
CONTENTS:
I. MRS. SOMERVILLE'S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
11. BORNEO and CELEB E% —SIR JAMES BROOKE.
111. FEMALE PENITENTIARIES.
IV. DYCE'S EDITION of BEAUMONT and FLETCIIER.
V. EDUCATION of MILITARY OFFICERS.
VI. MUSIC.
VII. GERMANIC STATES.
VIII. WHITESIDE on ITALY.
IX. JEROME PATUROT—SKETCIIES of REVOLUTIONARY
LIFE.
X. IRELAND.
John Murray, Albemarle-street.

ARRIVAL OF THE NIAGARA.

---
LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 25.
The British and North American Royal mail
steam-ship Niagara, Captain Ryrie, arrived in the
Mersey at seven o'clock this morning, with the mails
and advices from New York to the 13th instant, and

from Halifax to the 16th inclusive.
The Niagara has thus accomplished the quickest
passage from New York on record, having completed
the run from port to port, including the usual de-
tention of several hours at Halifax, in 11 days and a

GENERAL ASSUR ANCE AND FREEMASONRY.
THE GENERAL ASSURANCE ADVO-
CATE and FREEMASON'S QUARTERLY REVIEW', for
October, will contain—
An article on General Assurance; its importance to all classes,
especially to the humbler—Another curious Scene in Gramt Lodge—
Contemplated Censure harlequinaded into Fulsome Praise—Talking
Nuisance—Vote of Conllmlence—Paper by Dr. Oliver—Solar Spots—
Historical Progress—Freemason's Lexicon—Addresses by Brothers
the Earls of Yarborough and Dalhousie, Sir C. Lemon, llumfry, Cru-
ceflx, Tucker, Ellis, &c.—Masonic Intelligence from all parts of the
World —Obituary—Chit Chat, &c.
Sherwood and Co., 23, Paternoster-row. Price 33.

half.
The steam-ship Europa, Captain Lolt, however, has
accomplished a run not less extraordinary, her run
outward, via Halifax, having been made in the brief
space of 11 days and a few hours.
The steam-ship Hibernia, Captain Shannon,arrived
at Boston early on the morning of the Bth.
The screw steam-ship Sarah Sands, Captain
Thompson, sailed from New York for this port on
the Bth inst., and is now hourly expected.
The political accounts received by the Niagara
contain few features of interest, either in reference
to the domestic or foreign affairs of the United
States. The accounts from Europe of probable de-
ficient harvests had roused considerable attention on
the part of the holders of grain, and occupied, next
to the Presidential question, the attention of com-
mercial men. In reference to the Presidency, there
would seem to be scarcely any doubt as to the elec-
tion of General Taylor ; and should these prognosti-
cations be fulfilled, there may be entertained some
hope of the central authorities of the Union suppress-
ing, by the arm of executive power, the revolting
invasion upon the territories'. of Mexico, now con-
templated by American aitaplslitys, Fula perhaps
also any new or active "Avernent against the
power of England, both in Ireland and in the Ca-
nadas. For the present the evaporation of the Irish
rebellion had stilled the voice of sympathy, and
quenched the " beggarly petitions" of the " rint"
desirers in the union ; but the excitement will in a
few days be revived, doubtless with renewed preten-
sions and inspirited vigour ; and if we may judge
from the structure of mind exhibited in the most
able and the most likely candidate fsr the chief ma-
gistracy, he is not the man to tolerate, for the sake
of a false and ephemeral popularity, the violation of
the state's neutrality. The rumoured abandonment
of the scheme of Mexican invasion in question would
appear to want foundation, and preparations were
advancing with all the spirit and determination which
the incendiary journalists of the United States can
desire.
Mexico, pending this new feature in her ill-
starred career as an independent state continued
tranquil ; and if but the union now again formed
and announced between Yucatan and the parent
state be cemented and maintained with constancy,
that connexion, instead of weakening may strengthen
and sustain the central power. The Indians in the
departments had been entirely subdued by the white
population.
The commercial advices by the Niagara are of great
interest in reference to the cotton crops. Full details
will be found appended. The money market in New
York was steady, and rather stringent. The commer-
cial article of the Courier and Inquirer, prepared for
the Niagara, states :
There is a regular demand for discounts, and the
rate of interest keeps up to the ordinary rate of 6
and 7 per cent. for good business paper, and for spe-
culative operations it is higher. The United States
Treasury, by reason of considerable duties from im-
ports and the subscriptions to the last loan, 'kis quite
easy, so much so that the secretary has given notice
to the subscribers to the loan, who were bound to pay
up in five monthly instalments, that he does not at
present desire to receive any more payments, thus
saving interest, as that only, runs from the date of the
certificate of stock, which is issued as the payments
are made. In foreign exchange the demand is not
very active. The rates for bills on London are from
9to 9i. On Paris, at short sight, say ten days,
5 dolls. 20c., and from that to 5 dolls. 25c. and
5 dolls. 27c."
The disaster experienced at Albany so recently
has been followed by a catastrophe even more deso-
lating and terrible. On the 9th a destructive con-
flagration occurred in Brooklyn. 300 houses, three
churches, and an immense amount of property were
destroyed, together with one or two lives. The fire
commenced in a wooden house, and spread to the ex-
tent mentioned, notwithstanding that several build-
ings were blown up by the authorities in the endea-
vour to stop the flames.
The Savannah Republican says:--
" Our rice planters have had unusually good luck
in harvesting. The second week's work is now com-
pleted under the most benign sky possible, without a
drop of rain. This weather has had its influence on
the various crops at the southward, and the accounts
from that quarter are encouraging. The only thing
now to be apprehended is the too long continuance
of the fierco and unremitted heat of a
sun which
finds no clouds in the sky to intercept its beams."
An American line-of-battle ship, the Vermont, was
to be launched on the 14th instant. She is pierced
for 120 guns.
A slight earthquake had been felt in some of the
cities on the northern seaboard.
A large fire had occurred at Pottsville on the 10th.
The loss was estimated at 100,000 dollars.
Canadian accounts announce the resignation of the
Governor-Generalship by the Earl of Elgin, on ac-
count of the continued indisposition of the Countess.
The trade of Montreal exhibited a serious diminution.
The arrivals from the opening of the navigation to
the 6th of September,
as compared with the arrivals
in the previous year during the same period, were but
92 vessels against 170 ; the decrease being 78 vessels.
The accounts by the Niagara from Vera Cruz are
two days later than those received at Southampton by
the Teviot—namely, to the 17th ult. The elements
of disorder evoked by the late inversion of authority
by foreign invasion were gradually subsiding. The
final evacuation of Chihuahua was made by the Ame-
ricans on the 18th of July. A remarkable mortality
had lately prevailed among the Elite of society in
Mexico; no less than five generals were deeeased,
among whom was General Don Gabriel Valencia.
Tranquillity was being restored at Mazatlan. Pa-
redes had taken refuge in the Sierra Gorda, amongst
the Indians. The Senate had temporarily suspended
its sittings.
The island of St. Croix still continues in a dis-
turbed state.
At Maracaibo, according
to the latest American
accounts, skirmishes still continued to occur.
Dates from St. Domingo to the 23d ult. contained
in the New York journals state that the French
Consul had written a letter to the President, re-
quiring him to stop all political executions, or the
French would commence hostilities against him. The
Consul had written to the French Admiral at Mar-
tinique for a frigate of war, which was daily expected
to arrive at Port-au-Prince.
Intelligence had been received from Campeachy,
Yucatan, to the 27th ult. The Whites had been
successful throughout the Peninsula; and Yucatan
bad been reunited to Mexico. Mexico had offered
a free pardon to the Indians, on condition of hos-
to Yucatan
4
iliootisco dollars.sbeingabandoned. Mexico pays

NEW YORK MARKETS.

Just published, in one vol. STO., bound in cloth, price Gs.,
/SHE STATUS of the JEWS in ENGLAND,
from the Time of the Normans to the Reign of her Majesty
Queen Victoria, impartially considered : including Authentic Notices
,rom Historical and Legal Records, and the Debates on the Jewish
Disabilities Bill, with Comments.
By CHARLES EGAN, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.
London : It. Hastings, Carey-street, Lincoln's-inn ; Grant and
Bolton, Dublin ; Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh ; and may be
had also by order of all other booksellers.
.mee

GUARDIAN FIRE AND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE COMPANY.
No. 11, LOMEATID-STREET, at the Entrance of the Old Post-
office, London.
DIRECTORS.
JOHN DIXON, Esq., Chairman.
JOHN MARTIN, Esq., M.P., Deputy-Chairman,
Henry Hulse Berens, Esq. Lewis Loyd, jun., Esq.
Francis Hart Dyke, Esq. George. Lyall, Esq.
Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Bart. Stewart Marjoribanks,Esq.
Thomson Irunkey,jtm.. Elk; Stoorlauiel Mitoholl,
John Harvey, Esq. James Morris, Esq.
John G. Hubbard, Esq. Henry Norman, Esq.
George Johnstone, Esq. Henry R. Reynolds, Jun., Esq.
John Labouchere, Esq. John Thornton, Esq.
Jolla Loch, Esq. James Tulloch, Esq.
AUDITORS.
A. W. Robarts, Esq. I qamuel Joaes Loyd, Esq.
Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq.
ACTUARY—Griffith Davies, Esq., F.R.S.
In the LIFE DEPARTMENT, Assurances may be effected at
:ow Rates without participation in the Profits ; or at moderate Rates
with participation in one moiety of the Profits every seven years. At
each of the three Septennial divisions which this Company has made,
the Bonuses amounted to about 1 per cent. per annum on the sum
assured, or about 27 per cent. on the amount of premium received
and the whole amount of Reversionary Bonus allotted by the Com-
pany exceeded 530,000/.
LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro-
vided such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have
attained in each case a value not under 501.
In the FIRE DEPARTMENT, a Return of profit was declared
on the 7th of June, upon the premiums received on all Policies
which had been in force seven years at Christmas 1847, and the same
is now in course of payment daily (Friday and Saturday excepted),
between the hours of ten and three o'clock, at the Head Office ; and
also by the Agents in the Country Districts.
Not ice is hereby given, that Assurances which expire at Michael-
mas must be renewed within fifteen days, at this office, or with Mr.
Sams, No. I, St. James's-street, corner of Pall-mall; or with the
Company's Agents throughout the kingdom, otherwise they become
void.

GEORGE KEYS. Secretary.

NOTICE to SHIPPERS to BOMBAY.—Three
Weeks gain of time.—ln consequence of the Ist of October
falling on Sunday, the Bombay Overland Express for Periodicals
and Small Parcels will be dispatched on Saturday, the 30th instant.
Early application should be made to G. W. Wheatley, Oriental and
General Agency (late Waghorn and Co.), 156, Leadeuhall-street.

rvEN, LI G H T.-BY ROYAL LETTERS
PATENT. CLARK'S DIAMOND OIL LAMP. Its equal is
unknown, its superior will never come. By recent Royal Letters
Patent, improvements are added, making it faultless. This is not
asserting more than its merits justify. The best of lights, ost
economical of all. It cannot be mismanaged No cleaning rethe quimred
for years. Can be had at all prices and for every use. Any lamp
can be fitted with the Diamond principle.
To be had only at the Establishment of the METROPOLITAN
LIGHT COMPANY, RICHARD CLARK, Resident Manager, 447,
West Strand, Ten Doors from Lowther Arcade.

NICOLL'S REGISTERED PALETOT.—This
most gentlemanly and useful over-coat retains its original mo-
derate price, aid being adapted for the autumn and winter months,
has already been honoured with the patronage of his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, Prince George of Cambridge, Prince Edward of Saxe-
Weimar, his Grace the Duke of Wellington, and the chief ornaments
of the Court, the Pulpit, and the Bar. The above can be obtained
in London only of H. J. and D. NICOLL, 114, 116, 121, Regent-
street, and 22, Cornhill.

11HE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET.
The Cause of the Fatal Explosion in Albany-street explained and
illustrated by Experiments, in a Lecture by Dr. Ryan, on Gas Mak-
ing, in which the new patent Gas Apparatus of Stephen White, Esq.,
is exhibited daily at Half-past Three o'clock, and in the Eve-
nings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.—A Lecture on the Ills-
tory, Uses, and Manufacture of Gutta Percha, by Dr. Bachhoffner
daily, at Two o'clock, arid in the Evenings of Tuesday, Thursday, and
Saturday.—The various Optical Effects.—Diver and Diving-bell.—
Working Models explained. A Novelty in Optics is preparing for
Michaelmas.
Open daily front Eleven to Five , and in the Evenings (including
Saturday) from Seven till Half-past Tea.
Admission, 18,—Schools, Half-prim—The New Catalogue, le.

Corn

Wheat •

33,318

67,522

STERILITY.—Whatever is unproductive is with-
out intrinsic value. Man and his Maker alike condemn that
which " yields no fruit," and we tlnd large tracts of land abandoned
for the same reason th it caused the barren fig tree to be cursed.
This curse clings to Sterility in every shape ; it brings upon the earth
famine. But the malediction breathes loudest and deepest into the
ear of those of the human race who remain childless la a community
which must altogether fail, without continual additions. Not only
do such encounter the silent scorn or pity of their fellow -creatures,
but their own hearts condemn them ; wealth brings no consolation
to the wifeless bosom—brings no return for the childless home.
It is a remarkable fact that the unproductiveness of soil and
species arises from similarity of cause. Some lands are
the produce of vitiated strata that yields an offspring as
unhealthy as itself. Others nurture in their juices the poison of
minerals, which form the foe to vegetation. Others again lose value
by being too early worked, before they are fit for cultivation, Some
soils, originally fertile, become barren by excess of tillage; others
are spoiled by unwholesome manures ; and others, again, by the
want of perseverance and nerve In the husbandman. Mark the an:-
logy ! Man also is too often vitiated by the parent from whom he
springs. Man is too often ruined by the indiscriminate use of mine-
rals, such as mercury, &c. Man also tries his constitntion too early,
and avertasks it too late. Man, by unwholesome contact can also in-
fect his fame ; and, to render the comparison complete, man can
render a naturally vital constitution unproductive through ignorance
of his organization and diffidence in his powers. Nor does the analogy
cease here. The detriments to cultivation above detailed have i.,een
recently se entirely overcome by modern improvement in agricul-
ture, that farmers are now enabled to produce crops almost from
stone itself; and, in like manner, Sterility in the human race is now
removable through the profound, discoveries in physic which enlighten
the present age. In testimony of this, a volume has recently been
produced which fills the heart with hope and is calculated to remove
Sterility altogether. It is from the pen of Messrs. J. L. CURTIS
AND CO., Consulting Surgeons, 7, Frith- street,. Soho-square,
London, and bears the title of " MANHOOD: The Causes of its
Premature Decline, with Flail Directions for its Perfect
bookseller, 21, 21, rater-
ns toosrtaetri-orno
w;
any address, for 2s. fid. in postage stamps, secure from olservation.
Lanodndiosii,speonsttb-pyalidV;inS'aristeAaNl3%velope, by or to

MR. HAMMOND, THE COMEDIAN.
We have been requested to copy the following
paragraph which has appeared in the Liverpool
Journal, and, under the circumstances, we have no
doubt our readers will think the appeal worthy of
attention :
" We had, in our last number, to record the melan-
choly intelligence, conveyed by the steamer Cambria,
of the premature death, in New York, of Mr. W. J.
Hammond, the comedian ; and we have now to men-
tion some particulars attending this event which will,
we have no doubt, greatly add to the regret where
with the news has generally been received. Mr.
Hammond, as our readers are aware, left Liverpool
last month, after a weary and profitless series of
managerial campaigns—he, unfortunately, being the
victim in the demonstration of the indisputable de-
cline of the drama' in the provinces—in the hope
that the new field might produce some better fruits;
and that the reputation which, in old days, he won
here, would, on the other side of the Atlantic,
secure him what, in plain terms, he had found
utterly unable to obtain in his own country—a
living. He left behind his wife and family, con-
sisting of seven children, all of whom were
completely dependent upon his success ; and we
grieve to state that Mr. Hammond's decease—the
steamer which should have brought the first money
remittance having conveyed the news of his death—
has left his widow and young family in the most
painful state of poverty. Mr. Hammond had com-
menced his career in the United States brilliantly,
and with that éclat which promised a most profitable
run through the union ; but, in all, he did not appear
more than twice at Niblo's Theatre, New York,
where he opened ; and it is needless to say that, so
far as the pecuniary results are concerned, the voyage
across the Atlantic has rather decreased than added to
the funds of the family. The facts, briefly as we were
last week enabled to hint at them, have already called
into action that large body of Mr. Hammond's friends
whom his long residence here, upright private con-
duct, and professional merits, had obtained for him ;
and a subscription has been set on foot to raise,
with all possible dispatch, such a sum of money as
will, in some measure, provide for those helpless
persons now exposed, too early, to the frowns
of fortune. Mr. Hammond was known through
the country as one of the best low-comedy actors of
his day, and as a manager here and in the metropolis
(in London he directed the Strand Theatre, in its
most palmy era, and afterwards for a brief season
Drury-lane) he came into contact with many able
and, we hope, willing at this moment to aid in the
effort fur his family. On his death-bed at New York
he received kindness and attention from comparative
strangers, for which the warmest thanks have been
returned, and ' the American press has generally re-
ferred to the event in terms of the most ready sym-
pathy. We trust that in England the commiseration
excited will not be less, and that individuals of all
ranks, who have at different times enjoyed Mr. Ham-
mond's rich and racy acting, and have seen cause to
admit with us that he was a fellow of infinite mirth,'
will not delay co-operating with the Liverpool com-
mittee in their most praiseworthy object. Subscrip-
tions, we are requested to state, will be received at
any of the Liverpool newspaper offices, or by Mr.
11,1%71 l
htiht ee ae na
d,
ionfg t hgee
nßt Brunswicku
Coht elan. g
eT hhea
vme a
aylor re
aadnyd,
we understand, desired to have their names placed on
he subscription list."

AiiA u E.
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supposing them married, ques
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1,)
tan
etnhcee otcelir e
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes on-
:Mier the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the IndissolubPhysicale, regret un-
zoinprosiug hurry ; but the truth lies deeper. iness
l incapacity,
And broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happ
sod social content. The dowry should net he the only marriage set-
lement. Honour and justice dentaud that health should form al Item
In the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes or
neglect wound more sorely than poverty er misfortune. Reader, If
these surmises concern yea, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
MEMOIRS Oa Single and Married Life," pub. in 2 vols., is.
ouch (by cost, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no iniagisatively
refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
ay misinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but
far the closet perusal of those more deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
together, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
little publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to bo Happy." They are not merely
pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
life, whe owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would Inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
on the "sunny side of the way." Tke above works nay be had of
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet -street ; Mann,
39, Cornhill ; Nelsen, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other-
wise) from the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings and Evenings), 10. Argyll-place Regent-street; and all
footoiei ion

L 0 V E is the leading feeling of the human
breast. More exalted than mere passion, it soars high above
every other impulse of nature, and is not only stronger than avarice,
but more engrossing even than ambition. No man is exempt from
its influence, er can avoid its sway; and business, pleasure, philo-
sophy, and divinity itself become neglected under the enthralling
power of LOVE, which, unlike most things, increases in intensity
with time, until it receives the sacred consummation of marriage.
When union does not take place, however, this passion, this
fervour, this golden tide of the manliest feelings becomes a deadly
poison in the heart, which now darkens, as it before bright-
ened, all things upon earth. How is it that men, of most un-
changeable habits, will change at the very altar, and after a life-
time spent in the fulfilment of every engagement, snap the very con-
tract asunder which should be most binding to an honourable mind?
It is the effect of conscience. The Lover, by enervation of early
habits, or the results of secret disease, knows himself to be
disqualified, and dares not enter a state which has been
instituted by Divine Law for the fulfilment of important
ends. The wretched condition of such a being must subsequently be
be beyond Measure deplorable 1 Loving and beloved, he entails the
3 miserable disappointments on the object of his choice, and upon
mostliimself a desolation thoeldmehosatuhgoertrihboles,oewnhor
aithdeysiehlndpfloe
bopotshseasslire of
natural natural attributes wo
suibrjoeucst is interesting, and deserves the
of investigating it will find the
attention of
all.
unalloyed happinessi
hoTehedes
SELF P"-
RSERVATION,
fullest and most satisfactory information in the little work er.titled
illustrated by forty coloured engravings on the anatomy, physiology,
organs ; with practical observe-
and diseases of the reproductive
ouch and maturity, resulting from
solitary habits, excesses, or infection.
Lions on the secret Infirmities of Y
LA'MERT, M.D ,
ted Member of the University of
Doctor of Medicine, Matricula
s' Hall, London, Honorary
Edinburgh, Licentiate of Apothecarie Society,
&c.
By SAMUEL
Member of the London Hospital Medical
This treatise is the result of a long
and the author having ob-
much neglected branch of medical practice,
course of study in a peculiar and
guarantee for his profes-
tained the highest medical honours,
ment of these diseases.
sional experience, which has referenisceaalmost solely to the treat-
SEVIINV OF Tllg WORE.
vith no spectator but
scenes in the drama of life which are acted N
La'afert on the Infirmities of Youth and Maturity.— There are
Conscience ; and of these the result is ever disastrous. Happy
the
f
mortal who meets with a timely mentor to snatch him from the gulf
into which such scenes must plunge him I In the book before us
such a monitor is to be found, calculated to warn and instruct the
erring, without impairing one idea that can vitiate a mind not al-
ready tutored by the vices of which it treats. It is written in a style
of masterly precision and lucidity, blending the profoundest truths of
philosophy and physics with the loftiest precepts of morality. It is a
production calculated to confer a vital benefit, physically and morally,
upon all who are tempted from the rigid path of abstemiousness and
propriety. A father may trust it in the hands of his boy. By un
taught innocence the book is not, of course, needed ; but wherever
laxity has prevailed, the tender yet awful voice breathing in these
pages is likely to prove as strikingly beneficial as the admonitions of
a homily blended with the practical advice of a writer on medicine."
—United Kingdom Magazine.
The work may be had price 2s. 6d., of Kent and Richards, 52,
Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Starie, Tichborne-
street, Haymarket; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street; Mailmen, 115,
Fleet-street ; or, free by post, for forty-two stamps, from the author's
residence, who may be consulted on tse dorders personally, or
by letter, daily, from Ten to Two, or frohem Fiveis to Eight.
37,;ADDIOND-SQUARD, LONDON.

lvaeertpboyol
telegraph,by the Hibernia,
seems to
COMMERCIAL SUMMARY.
(From the New York Courier and Inquirer, Sept. 13.)
which
he intelligencereached
duson
from Li
Friday
indicate that there will be. aco!awarative scarcity of
grain in England, and thersl.will still be a necessity there
for considerable importations of foreign grain. The
expectation is fortified by the fact that orders for
the purchase of grain on foreign accouat were received
by the Hibernia, though at limits too low to admit of
their being more than partially executed. Our markets
on the seaboard are comparatively bare of bread-
stuffs. The high prices of the last two years have
enabled the farmers to hold their produce back in the
expectation of high prices this year. a
ire may antici-
pate, as soon as the news of a foreign
—emend shall be
i
circulated in the nterior, to find produce hurried to the
seaboard in great quantities. Already the anticipation
of a possible foreign demand carried up the receipts of
tolls in the last week of August to an amount larger
than in any preceding year except the last. Our crops
this year have been most bountiful, and our capacity
to export is quite equal to any demand likely to be
made on it.
We are preparing, therefore, for large exports of
bread-stuffs to England, for considerable importations of
coin therefrom, and for a dull market for cotton, of which
the growing crop will be very large,
We must remark, however, that the quantity of cot-
ton in transitu from southern to northern ports on the
Ist instant was grerter than usual, .nd
r as it has been
always treated as a constant quantity in deducing the
home consumption, the latter will this year appear
greater by the ordinary process than it ought to do.
We assume 470,000 bales to have been the extreme
consumption of the last twelve months in the districts
usually included ; and probably even of that quantity a
portion consists of excess of stocks held by manufac-
turers on the Ist instant beyond what they held on the
Ist of September, 1847.
We demur to the correctness of the stock reported as
in this port, merely because, when prices are low and
the article unprofitable to holders, much cotton always
L escapes enumeration, iu c9us,queuco of the necessarily
i imperfect method of counting up our stock, and the in-

Five folio columns of particulars connected with the
much-lamented death of Lord George Bentinck, includ-
ing the verdict of the Coroner's Inquest, were given in
the Observer, of Sunday, September 24. The extensive
publication of the Observer commences at six o'clock on
Sunday mornings. Monday's edition, best adapted for
the country and abroad, is published at four o'clock on
Monday afternoons.
THE BRAZILIAN STEAM-FRIGATE AFFONSO.—This
noble vessel, noted for the part taken in saving so many
lives during the destruction of the Ocean Monarch, lett
this port on Monday afternoon, with dispatches, &c., for
Lisbon and Rio Janeiro. During the night, having got
to the westward of the Skerries, an opening in one of
her cylinders was observed, which compelled her com-
mander to bear up for Holyhead, where sbe arrived on
Tuesday. As the defects in the machinery could not be
repaired at that place she was taken in tow on Saturday
morning by one of the Holyhead mail-steamers, and
brought back to the Mersey at eleven o'clock the same
night. The Affonso will be taken into dock, where the
necessary repairs will at once be proceeded with. Vis-
count do M,Amorvo, Portuguese Minister at the British
Court, who bad tukcn his yas.age 15)r :wits ou
board at the time of the aceident.—Lwerpool Albion.

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s N7 SEPTEMBER 26, 1848.

difference of holders to having their cotton sampled and
offered for sale.

It will be seen that the stocks remaining on the Ist
inst. are stated by us at 20,000 bales larger than a year
ago, but there will probably be a difference- of opinion
on this point.
At the last accounts from the south the weather con-
tinued fine for the opening and picking of the crop, but
these processes were so much retarded by rains in parts
of July and August, that fa►ourable weather will be,
required for some weeks to make us feel reasonably con-
fident that 2,800,000 bales will be secured. At the
present moment the chances are perhaps more in favour
of 2,600.000 than 2,700,000, but there is still a possibility
of 2,900,000.

This market has been quiet and yielding since the first
brush of demand for France was over ; and since the
news per steamer of the 26th of August was received a
decline of /I. to / of a cent has been submitted to.
There is a small business doing for France and the
Continent at the reduced prices, but very little for
England. Wo quote ordinary at 51 to 6k- ; middling,
6i to 61 ; and fair 64 to 7i- for all growths. Freight
a cent a lb. to Havre, and 5-32ds of a penny to
Liverpool.

(From the Shipping and Commercial List of Sept. 13.)
Provisions—Ohio pork has again rapidly advanced
since our last, owing to the reduced stock, now only
about 13,000 barrels prime, and 14,000 mess. The sales
are about 4,000 barrels at 12 dolls. to 12 dolls. 37i c. for
mess, and 9 dolls. to 9 dolls. 68/ e. for prime, closing at
the highor rates. Mess beef continues firm, but prime is
neglected. The sales are 200 barrels city prime at 6
dolls. 50 c.; and 300 river mess, 3 dolls. to 13 dolls. 50 c.,
the latter price for very good. Ohio lard is very firm,
and in good demand. The sales are 1,200 barrels at
81c. to 9c. for good to prime. 1,200 kegs prime, 9i.c.;
1,500 ditto on private terms; and 50,0001 b. grease, 6ic.
to qc. Butter is in fair demand at 20e. to 22c. for
Orange county, 14c. to 16c. for Western dairy, and 10c,
Ito 11c. for Ohio. Cheese sells freely at 6c. to_ 7c.-

mostly at .6 fc. for good.
Exports from Ist to 12th September.
1848. 1847.
Beef ... 427 barrels 858
Pork... ... 1,960 „ 2,267
Lard... ... 7,807 kegs . . 700
Rice—The market since our last, with a better de-
mand, has become firmer, and 600 tierces, good to prime,
sold at 3 dolls. 75c. to 4 dolls. cash.
Cotton—Immediately after our report of the market
of the 2d inst., for transmission by the Britannia, prices
advanced *c.; but since then it has been dull and de-
clining, under the influence of unfavourable advices from
abroad, and our quotations now stand *c. to kc. per lb.
below those current at that date, and *c. lower than on
Friday last. By our annual statement of the crop of the
United States, it will be seen that it reaches 2,347,634
bales, being 568,983 more than last year, and 247,097
more than the year before. Total exports to foreign
ports, 1,858,261 bales, against 1,241,222 last year; and
taken for home use, 531,772, against 427,967 last year.
The sales since the 2d are 8,060 bales, and since our last,
2,400, as follow :
Inferior ... ..• ... none ... sto 5-1-
Ordinary to good ordinary ... 5i to 51- ... 51 to 6
Middling to good middling ~. 6to 6i 64 to 6i
Middling fair to fair ... 61 to 6,;: 6:* to 7
Fully fair to good fair ... 7to 74 4to 8i
Export from the Ist to the 12th of September, 1848,
6,899 bales; 1847, 6,188 bales.
Grain—Wheat has been in good demand for milling
and export, and improved prices have been obtained;
the market, however, with increa.:ing supplies, closed
heavily yesterday, there being more anxiety to realize.
The sales consist of 30,000 bushels white Genessee, at
1 doll. 37c. to 1 doll. 40c.; 7,500 white Ohio, 1 d011.30c.;
10,000 fair to prime Southern, 1 doll. 12Ic. to 1 doll.
26c.; and 2,500 ditto inferior, 1 doll. 10c. The market
for corn opened firmly on Saturday, and very full, and
in some instances, advanced rates were obtained; but
since then it has been gradually declining, and now
stands 2c. to 4c. lower than on Friday lust, but still
about sc. higher than on the Ist inst. The receipts of
late have rather exceeded the demand which, though
still large, is restricted on account of the high rates cur-
rent a few days past. t,The transactions consist of
200,000 bushels, a considerable portion to arrive, at 77c.
to 8l c. for round yellow, 72c. for round mixed, 73c. to
76c. for southern flat yellow, 68c. to 70e. for southern

flat white, 67c. to 72c. for common mixed western, 70c.
to 72c. for high mixed, each closinf, at about the lowest
rates; and 65c. to 66ic. for heated southern and New
Orleans. 150 bags black-eyed peas brought 1 doll. 25c.
per bag of two bushels.
The receipts down the Hudson since the opening of
river navigation are of-
-1848. 1847.
Wheat 370,979 bushels 1,413,494 bushels
Corn
Rye 233,496 „ 192,635 „
Exports from Ist to 12th of September.

5,424 bushels

Flour and Meal—The market for western flour, sub-
sequent to our notice of it for the last steamer—say ten
days since—remained pretty steady and uniform, until
the arrival of thellibernia's telegraphic advices on Friday
last, when prices advanced about 50c., but quickly re-
ceded in part, and closed at an improvement of Bic.
over the rates previously current. On Saturday the
market opened firmly, very full prices being obtained,
but since then it has gradually declined owing to the in-
creasing supplies, now pretty large for the season; and
though the business has been rather heavy, the market
favoured the buyer throughout, and now stands only*.
to 12ic. higher than it did previous to the arrival of
the Hibernia, closing with a heavy feeling, the lowest
rates being submitted to yesterday. We quote common
state and mixed western 6 dolls. to 6 dolls. 6ic.,
good and straight brands of both 6 dolls. 6/c. to 6 dolls.
12ic., pure Geuessee 6 dolls. 12ic. to 6 dohs. 181 c., fancy
6 dolls. 25c. to 6 dolls. 37ic., and extra 6 dolls. 37ic. to
6 dolls. 75c. In Southern the business is confined to a
few hundred barrels Georgetown, &c., at 6 dolls. to 6
dolls. 12ic. Rye flour is scarce, and commands full
prices; 200 to 300 barrels sold at 4 dolls. to 4 dolls. 61c.
Corn meal is dull end lower. The sales are 1,000 bar-
rels, at 3 dolls. 50c. to 3 dolls. 37ie. cash, for Jersey and
Pennsylvania. No Brandywine here. The receipts
down the Hudson since the opening of the river naviga-
, Lion are—

1848. 1847.
Wheat Flour ... 856,588 barrels. 2,099,297 barrels.
Corn 51eal ... 2,589 „ 94,305 „
Export from Ist to 12th September:—
Wheat Flour ... 29,660 barrels. 21,504 barrels.
Tobacco—Kentucky is inactive, and we have but to
notice sales of 35 hhds. at 2i.c. to 4ie. The sales be-
sides are 55 cases Pennsylvania seed leaf, at 34c. to Bc.;
and 230 bales St. Domingo to the trade, on terms we did
not learn.

Ashes—Pot, owing to the extremely light receipts,
have rapidly advanced to 5 dolls. 75c., an improvement
of 25c. since our last, and 37c. since the departure of the
last steamer; the sales since our last are about 150 bar-
rels at 5 dolls. 50c. to 5 dolls. 75c., closing at the latter
rate, at which they are still in request; and 50 ditto
Canada on private terms. Pearl have remained steady
at 5 dolls. 874 c., with sales of 200 barrels the past three
days. Stock, Bth inst., 509 barrels pot, and 1,306 ditto
pearl.
Export from the Ist to the 12th instant:-1848, Pot,
1,552 barrels; pearl, 96,barrels. 1847, Pot, 780 barrels;
pearl, none.
Exchange.—The business in foreign has not been very
large for the steamer of to-day, but the market closes a
little firmer. We quote bills on London 9to 91 per cent.
premium for regular drawers; those of less known firma
sell at lower rates. .

Freights.—There has been less activity since our
last, and the engagements to Liverpool yesterday were
at the lower rates. We notice some 55,000 to 60,000
bushels of wheat and corn at Bd. in bags, and 9d. to sid.
in bulk; 3,000 to 4,000 barrels of flour, 2s. 6d. to 3s. ;
bacon, cheese, and other heavy goods, 255. to 305.; pork,
3s. per barrel; turpentine, 2s. 6d. to 35.; and cotton,
5-32 d. to 346 d. To London we notice some engage-
ments of flour at 35.; turpentine, 35.; heavy goods, 30s.
to 325. 6d. per barrel, and provisions 3s. 6d. per barrel.
Some seven vessels have been taken up for Ireland to
load corn at l Id. to 13d., including ono for a direct port
with 17,000 bushels, half in bags, at 12d.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The Nicholas Biddle, Richard Alsop, Constitution,
Diogenes, Cambridge, Monument, James Shepherd,
Caleb Grimshaw, Schoodiac, and Callender, hence;
Washington (steamer), from Southampton, 6th; Severn
(steamer), from Bermuda, 10th; Perseverance, from
Dublin; Ann Harley, Lisbon, and Tuskina, from Glas-
gow; and Redwing, from Galway, at New York.
List of Passengers—From New York—Mr. and Mrs.
Finlayson, Miss Simpson and her maid, Mr. and Mrs.
Barrett and two children, Mr. Thomas Ward and lady,
Mr. Nethersole and three daughters, Rev. G. F. Simp-
son, Messrs. George D. Parish, Richardson, Robert
Cockrane, Boreel, Henry F. Spalding, B. F. Isherwood,
F. F. Allen, R.N. Hugh Dunlop, Harris, Hellman, A. F.
Chur, Tschemacher, E. Bodart, Hazn, C. Schmid, Louis
Cailleux, Gillilan, Bowrry, Arthur Woodriff Jaffrey,
Thomas A. Myers, Adams, P. Llamas, M. Baliz, Ayres,
Steere, Wallrond, Douglas, D. Maitland, John Henry,
Fox, Quivedo, Gaston, F. Garford, C. Padley, Morris
Simonsfeld, Heard, Hyde, Maray, Clark, Tobias, L. C.
Bliss, A. W. Little, J. W. Melliss, Rulon, Berry, W. A.
Barnes, Finlay Matheson, William Munroe, A. do
Dyne, and Dr. Galenzowskie. From Halifax—Mr. and
Mrs. Lamont, Mr. Graham, Captain Austen and lady,
Messrs. Beattie, Black, Fergus, Thomas, and Brake.
PHILADELPHIA, SEPT. 12, p.m.—The market for flour
is drooping, and 6 dolls. to 6 dolls. 12in. are the quota-
tions for standard brands, with only a limited inquiry.
Corn meal is also quiet at 3 dolls. 25c. to 3 dolls. 31ic.
Rye flour—no sales. Wheat is lower; fair southern reds
sold at 120 e. Corn—the market is very flat; some 3.000 .
bushels of Pennsylvania yellow sold (to fill up) at 72c..
delivered; and fair southern has since been offered at
70c., without. buyers. Oats sold at 34c., which is a de-
cline. Cotton is without movement. Pork is higher;
mess sold at 12 dolls. to 12 dolls. 250., and prime at
9 dolls. 50c. Bacon shoulders bring 51-c., hams 7e. to
74c. for plain, and Bc. to 10c. for fancy. Lard—sales at
84e. for barrels; kegs scarce at 9ic. Butter firm at 10c.
Sugar—the sales since the close of last IN eek foot up
about 1,000 hogsheads, at fully ic. advance, principally
taken for your n3arket. Coffee has improved; Bio sold