The Sun.
London, England, 1846-05-07 00:00:00

details, but he did assert that in the main facts he was perfectly
correct. Leo the Tenth had patronised Galileo and he
it was that had been mainly instrumental in publishing the
Cop'rnican system of the universe. He again asserted that
Galileo was only in , prison for some three days. So much
with respect to that charge. He would now glance at the
lion. Member's remarks with respect to the Roman
Catholics. The Hon. Member suggested that they should
take the example of France in religious matters. ,
Mr. COLQUHOUN—No, no.
Mr. O'CONNELL—He could quote M. Thiers an ex-
ample of a perfect statesman. He (Mr. O'Connell) con-
sidered that this suggestion of the Hon. Member, if it had
no other good quality, had at least that of novelty to re-
commend it. It was something peculiarly novel tore-
commend the example of France in religious matters. The
lion. Member said that this accomplished statesman had at-
tacked the Jesuits. He (Mr. O'Connell) contended that
that man was no statesman who only pandered to the bad
Prejudices of his countrymen.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) He
challenged the Hon. Member to bring one charge against
the Jesuits, and to prove that charge. He had thrown
that challenge down to the Honourable Member
some weeks ago, and he had not yet been
able to bring such a charge. True, he had spoken of a con-
sultation of the Parliament of Paris in the year 1762, where
calumnies of the worst description had been originated
against that ecclesiastical body. But he (Mr. O'Connell)
would ask, if it was either right or fair to bring this con-
sultation forward as a charge, when; the Hon. Member well
knew that these calumnies had been refuted times out of
number • when he could have informed the House, that
Archbishop Amand, and all the French Bishops in the last
century, bad protested against those calumnies? Did the
Hon. Member forget the speech of Henry I V., when that able
and powerful monarch did full justice to Jesuits, but the Hon.
Member said something about the Emperor of Russia. He
quoted Thiers as his model of a statesman,' and now he
quoted the Emperor of Russia as a model of kingly piety.
The Hon. Member made certainly a singular selection.—
(Laughter.) He again challenged him to substantiate a sin-
gle charge against the Jesuits. They were a most estimable
body. They had been the Fatrons of literature in every age.
as a community they were distinguished for the exercise of
every virture. Their hospitality was unbounded, their cha-
rity sincere, and however they might be villified now, they
would be regarded in history as the truest benefactors of man-
kind.
Mr. FINCH said that, in his opinion, the Hon. and
Learned Member for Cork had not fairly stated the argu-
ments of his Hon. Friend the Member for Newcastle-under-
Lyne, when he said that the lion. Member wished them
to follow the example of France in matters of religion. He
(Mr. Finch) considered that the Jesuits had in too many.
instances been calumniated, but no one could deny that, in
consequence of the dangerous tenets they propagated, they
had been driven out of every country in Europe.
After a few words from Lord ROBERT GROSVENOR,
which were inaudible in the gallery,
Mr. PHILIP HOWARD said that one of the wisest mo-
narchs in Europe, Frederick the Great of Prussia, had given
them a refuge in hs dominions. He felt that this Bill would
not be objected to by the great body of the people of this
country.

CART-UNIONS BILL.

ELECTION NOTICES BILL.
The House went into Committee on this Bill, and it was
ordered to be reported on this day (Wednesday) fortnight.
ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE BILL.
The House then went into Committee upon this Bill.
A few verbal amendments were moved and agreed to on
clauses 1 and 2.
Mr. LAW then moved the addition of the following
clause :—(Power to award hard :labour, and the costs of
the prosecution ,in all cases.)—" And whereas it is expe-
dient to give to Criminal Courts the power to award
hard labour as a portion of the punishment inflicted on
offenders convicted before them, and also to give to
such Courts the power of allowing reasonable costs in
all cases prosecuted or tried before them ; therefore, be it
enacted, that it shall be lawful for the Court before which
any ofender shall be convicted of any misdemeanour, to sen-
tence (if such Court shall see fit) such offender to be kept
to hard labour, either in the common gaol or house of
correction, for the whole or any part of the term for
which such Court is now by law authorised to direct
such offender to be imprisoned, and to direct (if it shall see
fit) the costs of the prosecutor, and witnesses for the prosecu-
tion, in all cases of misdemeanour, to be paid in the same
manner and under the sari-9 regulations as the costs in
certain cases of 'misdemeanour are directed to be paid by the
statute passed in 'the seventh year of the reign of his late
Majesty King George the Fourth, intituled 'An Act for
improving the Administration of Criminal Justice in
England. "
Sir JAMES GRAHAM said that the clause proposed by
his Hon. Friend was a very important one. - He looked with
very great'jealousy to any extension of the power( to the
criminal courts in the manner proposed by the clause. It
required great consideration before they came to any decision
on so important a change as the clause contemplated. He
could not say he was quite prepared to oppose the clause
until he had heard the reasons of his Hon. Friend.

Mr. LAW explained that the clause was merely an exten-
sion of the powers contained in sec. 63, chap. 74, of the Act
of George IV. lie knew of several instances-of aggravated
assault, which had been very inadequately punished, in con-
sequence of the provisions contained in the 7th George IV.
not meeting the case. By the present law, in cases of con-
spiracy and of assault, the parties who brought the criminals
to justice were not allowed the expenses of the prosecution.
This has been the subject of animadversion day after day
for years, and it had not yet been remedied. The object of
his clause was to give the criminal courts the power of
awarding reasonable costs in all cases prosecuted or tried
before them.
Sir J. GRAHAM should feel greatly obliged if his Hon.
Friend would withdraw his clause for the present, and pro-
pose it again on the bringing up of the report. This would
give him time to consider the matter, and as it was a very
important subject, the clause should not at this moment be
pressed.
Mr. LAW consented to the postponement of his .clause
until the bringing up of the report.
After a few words from Mr. P. EGERTQN,
Mr. BODKIN was perfectly willing to agree to any post-
ponement of the clause, as it would give further time fOr the
consideration of the matter.

Mr. NEWDEGATE had always objected to the repeal of
the clauses of the Act of 1829. This oppoisition did not arise
from any wish to persecute the Roman. Catholics, but from a
desire to preserve the peace and well-being of the country. He
trusted that her Majesty's Government would not consent
to the repeal of those clauses, which they had themselves in-
troduced. The reason why those clauses had never been put
in force, of course, was best known to the Right Hon. Baronet
the Home Secretary.
Mr. M. MILNES said, that for some years the youth of
the Roman Catholic community had been entrusted to the
Jesuits for their education, and no evils had resulted from the
Catholic youth being so educated.
Sir R. PEEL said he was ready to consent to a division of
the Bill, for the purpose of being enabled to express his opi-
nion with regard to that part of the Bill which contemplated
the repeal of part of the statute of 1829. Of course it was
necessary for him to vote for the motion of the Hon. Gentle
man, in order to make the division of the Bill. He would '
advise the Hon. Gentleman to permit the House to go into
Committee on the Bill pro forma ; he would then have the
opportunity of taking the sense of the House on any clauses
to which he objected.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. LAW recommended that his Hon. Friend should not
give way to the proposal of the Right Hon. Gentleman, but
persevere in his motion.
Lord J. RUSSELL considered that there could be no dif-
ficulty in adopting the advice of the Right Hon. Baronet.
Mr. WATSON said that the House had already affirmed
the principle of the Bill, for the second reading of it had
already taken place. The present measure would not repeal
the Act of Supremacy, for supremacy was the common law of
England.

Mr. J. JERVIS thought that the powers proposed in the
clause of his Hon. Friend would be dangerous in the hands
of the judges.
Mr.GRAINGER was of a similar opinion. With regard to
the first clause, he agreed that too much power was placed
at the disposal of magistrates with respect to cases of mis-
demeanours, and therefore he thought it should be altered.
With regard to the others, he should be contented that they
should remain as they were.
After a few words from. Colonel SIBTHORP,
Mr. LAW would be glad to receive the suggestions of
Hon. and Learned Gentlemen opposite as to the particular
cases -which should be exempted from this clause.
Mr. HENLEY objected to the introduction of the word
" conspiracy." They ought to define the particular crime
intended by the term, as at present it was altogether too
vague, and would lead to abuses.
Mr. B. ESCOTT would wish that the particular costs in
particular cases should be specified.

NEWDIGATE explained.
Lord JOHN MANNERS said that the Hon. Member for
Newcastle had stated that he did not wish to impose any
penalties on the profession of religion. The supremacy of
the Pope either was or was not a doctrine of the Roman
Catholic religion. If it were not, then he called upon his
Eon. Friend to allow this Bill to pass, and if it were, then he
called upon him to go with them and enforce the penalties.
The fact was, those who professed to be the most sincere
friends of civil and religious liberty very often turned out to
be the most bitter of its foes.

The clause was then withdrawn.
The House resumed, and the report was ordered to be
brought up this day week.
The House then adjourned.

IRELAND.
DISTRESS OF THE PEOPLE.

Mr. ESTCOURT rose amid repeated cries of " Divide,"
and said be should only detain the House for a 'very few
minutes. The Hon. Member who bad charge of the Bill had
stated that he intended to expunge all the clauses down to
that which related to the statute of George IV. He thought
there was a secresy with regard to the Bill, for when he had,
on a previous occasion, made some observations with respect
to this particular Bill, they were net received with
much favour; but a different opinion now appeared
to prevail. This only he would say, that if
those clauses were repealed, it would be a vio-
lation of the contract which was entered into in 1829.
The Bill was, in fact, a Bill for an ainendment of the
Act of 1829, and if it had been introduced with that avowed
object, his Right Hon. Friend below him (Sir, B. Peel) it
would have met it with his unquestionable opposition. He
would suggest that the Hon. Member (Mr. Watson) shoUld
avail himself of the proposition of the Secretary of State for
the Home Department. By doing so, that Hon. Memliei
would undoubtedly lose an advantage which he bad obtained,
unfairly obtained, but he did not doubt, that from the re-
spectability of -that gentleman, he would readily give it up,
and not shuffle a measure like this through the House.
Mr. B. ESCOTT said, that what was meant by shuffling
and by unfair advantage had not been explained ; but he
would remind the House that this Bill bad been read a second
time by a majority of three to one, and he thought that the
proper course was to go into Committee, oppose what was'
bad, approve what was good, and do what they thought
proper with the Bill on the third reading.
After a few words from Mr. Coulogovw, which were
hardly tolerated by the House,
Mr. SPOONER said, that although he might have ap.
proved of the early patt of the Bill, he could not assent to
the latter part of it ; and he felt assured that it was not com-
petent for the House in the present stage to divide the Bill.
If his Right Hon. Friend at the head of the Government,
assented to this measure, he would in fact be 'doing neither"
more nor less than practising upon the House, and being 'a
party to a measure for amending the Act of 1829.
Sir ROBERT PEEL trusted the House would allow hint
to answer the perversions of the Hon. Gentleman who had
just sat down.—(Laughter.) He 'proposed that the Bill
should be dividedinto two parts, and as the Hon: Gentleman
objected to the first part of the he -would have the 'op
portunity of dealing with it ; he thought his suggestion should-
be met in thasoirit it was made in.
Mr. SPOONER objected that • the Bill could not-be di-
vided. If the Right Hon. Gentleman allowed the Honsa-to
go into Committee, he was virtually repealing the law which
he had declared should never be repealed.
The House then dividyd on the question that they go into
Committee, when there appeared--

DUBLIN, MAY 4.—ln those districts where measures
for relief, in co-operation with the Government, bad been
promptly adopted, the pressure of distress has been mi-
tigated, and a manifest change for the better, has oc-
curred. But in other places, where no such steps have
been taken by the gentry and wealthy inhabitants, the
people are still suffering most severely. In some parts
of the western provinces, for instance, owing to the very
culpable indifference, the peasantry are actually threat-
ened with famine.

In consequence of the extension of employment by
the relief Committed in the -various districts, the wages
of labour have decidedly increased from the usual ex-,
tremely low rates. Thus the measures of relief have
been so far successful in the legitimate mode of advan•
cing wages, although not at all to the standard required
by the high price of food. Potatoes are double
the ordinary rate ; but if you take into account that a
large proportion of them are deceased, 'they are really
three times dearer than usual.

For going into Committee llO
Against it
Majority for going into Committee -43
The House then went into Committee on the. ill, and the
preamble was agreed to.
On the question that the first clause stand part of the
Bill,
Mr. LAW moved that the clause be omitted
pltoofgeeetehaer.
Bin WATSON said that he did not intend toa
far-
ther with the Bill at that time. He should, therefore,
progress, in order° otli.e,
pose that the Chairman reportpro-
Bill might be recommitted for the purpose of introducing
certain certain clauses.
that
Mr. LAW said he was in possession of the House.
The clause had been yut, and in the exercise of hit pUblic
duty he should not give way. -
Lord J. RUSSELL said that the course taken by the Hon.
and Learned Member was not a very fair one to the Hon.
and Learned Member who had the conducting of this mea-
sure. It would be in the power of the Hon. and Learned
Member to oppose this Bill in an after stage, and therefore
his present opposition was neither handsome nor courteous
to his Hon. and Learned Friend (Mr. Watson), nor very
just to the House.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. LAW said that the division which had recently taken . •
place was for the express purpose of getting rid of the
Bill, and Honourable Members on his side of the House
were not, therefore, parties to any arrangement between the
Right Hon. Baronet and Hon. Members opposite. It was
now proposed to carry out that arrangement, that his Hon.
and Learned Friend should have an opportunity of re-print-
ing and bringing forward this Bill in a new shape, of, in
fact, making this two Bills instead of one. He was opposed
to this Bill in any shape, and he therefore claimed his right
to proceed in this course. He had personally the highest
respect for the Hon. and Learned Member opposite, but he
had a public duty to perform.—(Hear, hear, and Oh, oh!)
He considered this Bill was of a pernicious character, and he
viewed with suspicion all measures which emanated from
the other side, and which received the approbation of the
Right Honourable Baronet at the head of her Majesty's Go-
vernment.
Sir ROBERT PEEL trusted that the Hon. and Learned
Member who had last spoken on the performance of his
public ditties, discharged them with more temper and mode-
ration, and with more acuteness than he had then shown.—
(Laughter.) There must have been some great misappre-
hension on the part of the Hon. Member in pursuing a course
from which he could gain no possible advantage. The Hon.
and Learned Member (Mr. Watson) had merely asked to
have t
he Bill recommitted for the purpose of having certain
.clauses introduced which, if proposed on the instant, would be
.'.ess intelligible than if they were printed and Hon. Members
tad time to consider te
Mr. LAW said that tient;
sinuations—(oh, 0h1).....thad a right to complain of any in-
r.own out as to the manner in which
he discharged his duties another place.—(Hear, hear.)
He thought the Right Hon'''. Baronet had no reason to sug-
gest that those duties were not igiharged with that temper
and that attention which were
to them. He did not
complain of any opinion that the Right Hon. Baronet mht
be pleased to entertain of those duties, but he thought,
speaking of courtesy, that rnuchndois.courtesy had been ex-
Baronet. If he had
hibited to him by the Riht
thought that his assent would give ano t,dvantage the .
tmoters of the Bill he should not oppose then ; butto suchpro was
foll
not howis
thi ops iniourseon, and he felt that it was his duty therefore to
c.
Mr. COLQUFIOUN said they had got rid of the first part
of the Bill, and the Right Hon. Baronet had
stated
should oppose the second part. They had, theret that he
plished their object, which was the extinction of t°lle4Bailerin'
Mr. ROEBUCK said that it was not so, as he should in. ov#
that the Chairm,ln do report progress, in order that the new
p•rinvtgedhtinthaesebpeatrtaetrecofourmrse.
Mr. BERNAL th
would be to clauses might be
o
re-
print the Bill.
Mr. NEWDEGATE, ilfter condemning what he called the
want of temper of the Oght Hon. Baronet, suggested to
the Hon. Member for Caminidge University (Mr. Law), the
propriety of withdriwing his Amendment, in order that the
Bill might go through Committee pro forma, when they
would see what the Bill actually .consisted-of.
Sir R. PEEL said that those who required d perfectly
unruffled temper in him should set the example themselves.
The Hon. Gentleman would be in no better position ,than if
the Bill had been brought forward in its original sf'aPe•
On Wednesday next, so far from gaining any advantage, 4
motion could be made that the Speaker do leave the chair,
and that the House do go into Committee on that day six
ilo_n. months, and so far from entering into any compact with the
Gentleman, he believed that he had never a word of
c4)117°r841-04 with him 9A the subject in hie life. ge cold

not consent to repeal any of the provisions of the Act of , LITERATURE.
1829, nor would he give any pledge to support any amend- I THE NOR T 'II B lan 5' LI RE VIEW, No. IX.
ment which might be introduced.
Mr. NEWDEGATE explained. He did not impute to the ! .4Ve have aircady adverted to this number in a leading
Right Hon. Gentleman any unworthy motive. , article, and quotA from it some appropriate remarks on
Mr. LAW did not wish to oppose any difficulty to the wish the at of tie l'unjaub,. ta-tt qlerp are severa,l other
of the House, and would withdraw his motion. i topics Clint; .squire notice. ,:i've,-,'stuak at the same time
The motion was.then withdrawn.-- - - -- —.--- ---obaarve, that ti.i.s-review, though- established-by a religt--
BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY BILL. . I-i
ous sect iti :Scoilancl,, whose 'measures, from -a sense of.
On the motion of Sir J. GRAHAM, the second reading ' public duty, we wit...! slino) ears si.uce compelled to
of this Bill was postponed for afoitni.ght. . - :,- , • I oppose, :has nothing in it sec or exclusive ;it treats
. . ~.,.

The Committee on this Bill was also adjourned for a fort-
a Catholic and impartial manner. and seems purposely
night, on the motion of the Right Hon. Baronet. io avoid
' a fault, with which similar works are often
CORRESPONDING SOCIETIES AND LECTURE- ,
ROOMS BlLL.namely, bringing forward the peculiar views
On the motion of .Sir J. GRAHAM, this Bill was read a writers on almost every subject in the whole
second time. I rocallfnagtr!.e:okbflseekln;leor*olerdlgiueb.lishleur acacnomseme etruceiaplropporiinettyeoff vseciewh.
any
a regulation, and even as regards the propagation of
certain political Or religious creeds, there is an equal
advantage; fior converts are not made by force, and a
man's opinions -;:re not changed by candle ,s unvarying lec-
tures on the same subject. Ina periodical of this kind
the known character of the writers is not without its
effect, especially when questions of pure science, and
which may interfere with scriptural authority, are dis-
cussed. The timorous have no reason to fear for their
faith when discoveries in geology, for instance, or as-
tronomy, are made, which cannot be reconciled with
occasional passages in Scripture; they are sure that these
discrepancies will be satisfactorily .explained by men in
whose religious belief they have full confidence ; and
they can,, therefore, follow with perfect composure, in-
vestigatioi.s which lead to the conviction that the period
between the creation-of man and that cif the other ani-
mals has no definable limits, and that before the " human
face divine" was formed countless revolutions in this
globe, and convulsions annihilating animal life had
occurred., " Man was neither an agent nor a victim in
these primevalconvulsions. The exterminated creatures
had not been lorded over by his presence, nor have their
cemeteries been dignified with his re mains. In the heraldic
roll of ancient life he has no precedence. Before his advent
the oat had struck its roots and perished—the eagle had
soared and fallen—the mammoth had breathed and died,
and as he was the last-born among the living creatures
entrusted to his mercy, he had no rights of primogeni-
ture even in the age which .hecoritridled. He is hut an
upstart among the .petrified. dead." Such is the start-
ling language of the writer who reviews " Murchison's
Geology of Russia," lent' the realer need not tremble
for his orthodoxy, though no such events are even
alluded ;to in the first chapter of Genesis. It is a curi-
ous circumstance, discovered in peruSing some of the
extracts from that work, that gold was nut formed till
a very late period in the work of creation. It is found
only with the remains of the memmoth and the other
races which lived in the age preceding that in which
man was created. The review of this groat geological
survey in Russia, considering that geology is by most
readers regarded as dry and uninteresting, is calculated
to excite great interest. It is evidently the production of
a writer' well fitted by his own ingenious discoveries,
and his superior knowledge in the arts and sciences, to
make many of the subjects familiar to even ordinary
readers, and to give the highest importance to investi
gations which may be said to be in their infancy. And
some of the subjects, when thus exposed and delineated,
give rise to reflections of the most sublime and momen-
tous description.. We know from the Bible that the
work of creation was completed in six days, but of the
length Of these- days the divine writer gives us no idea.
The geologistenay, therefore, exert his reason, and pro-
secute his researches, to ascertain the fact, without at '
all, impugning S .ripture ; but his researches have not as
yet been productive of any decisive conclusion. Some Of
those days may have been, for aught we know, ten thou-
sand or a hundred thousand years in length, and ,at the
close of each eias" some vast convuaon of nature, com
missioned as it, were to destroy what had been created,
and form a different race and a new generation for the
next. When facts like these are established by the clear-
est proofs, no occasional paragraphs in ScriPture are
allowed for a moment to throw any doubt upon them.
The language of the Reviewer on this subject is highly
eloquent and incontrovertible ,
While thus identified in their general ()Meets and modes
of investigation, the twin sisters of terrestial' and celestial
physics have been joint heirs of intolerance and.persecution,
unresisting/ victims in the crusade which ignorance. and
fanaticism' ate ever waging against science. When great
truths are driven fo make an appeal to reason, knowledge
becomes crime,. anti ,philosophers martyrs. The doctrine of
the earth's motion and the sun's stability hurried •Gali'eo
into the dungeons of the Inquisition, and the announcement
of creations anterior to man, would have thrown Hutton and
his followers into a prison, had its bolts and bars been in-
trusted to bigotry. 'Truth, however, unlike all other powers,
can neither -be checked nor extinguished. When com-
pressed it but reacts the more. • It crushes where it cannot
expand—it burns where it is not allowed to shine. -Haman
when originally. divulged, it becomes. Divine when finally
established. ,At first the breath of a sage—at last it ie the
edict of a God: Endowed with such vital energy, astrono-
mical truth has •cut its way through the thick darkness of
superstitious times, and, following in its wake, geology will
soon find the. same open path when it has triumphed over "
the less formidable obstacles of a more civilised age.
There are several other articles, both attractive and
instructive, and among them we may mention, " His-
tory of Domesticated Animals," "Andersen's Annals of
the English .Bible,". " British and Foreign AgricUlture."
" The Lif6 of Leibnitz" is a failure, 'and that on " Free
Church Sites" displays great ardour in the cause. The.
writer, as Jonathan says, " goes the whole hogg." ,

of sub'

Lec4 pf literature, and seienoe, And art, and history

.. .. . ,
LETTERS of trte KINGS of ENGLANIL - Two
. .. .
Vols "By Jami.§. Ur-chh;q. lialli.iiiell. •:. :.' . .
Often as it becomes . our duty to announCe,,: by a
:critical or analytical notice, the pub!ication of important
Works, it is seldom one is issued which combines the im-
portance, the utility, the necessity of the present. As is
invariable under all similar occasions, the thing is alto.
gather so excellent we wonder it has never been thought
of heretofore. F'or in the autographic correspondence .
of our British Sovereigns (a correspondence scattered
too widely for the convenience of every searcher into
our native records) many of the state problems are
solved better than by all the conjectures of philosophy,
and many regal characters become transparent to the
most superficial gazer. The editor of these two invalu-
able volumes. 2estires usin an "introduction" which we
only regret was not somewhat longer—that in the com-
pilation of his present work no less than twenty-seven
separate collections of MSS. have been, consulted. In
this respect he will ever stand forth as the pioneer of
all future historians. Mr. Macaulay, whose elo-
quent' mind is-,• now engaged • in fructifying, his
-
own views of -English biatory,' will: , rejoice un-
doubtedly to find so many weapons for his own pro-
gress placed ready to Ilia hand, without the trouble of
investigation. Hever a- work was 'PUbliOhed &selling
of the title of a nati3nal'Work,' " The Letters of the
Kings Of
.Eogland," by Mr. lialliwell has a full and
perfect right to the title. As a compilaion it pre-
cludes Criticism, while analysis becomes almost -an im-
,possibil4y, since these two volumes are the skeleton of
the occurrences ormany generations—they are the cal-
culable 1 causes that gale rise to .such incalcu-
lable leffem?. One _ peculiarity is, however,
particularly worthy of. mention in the letters here
mention d—the . orthography_ is modernised so as
to ' facil tate - their perusal without interfering with
if
their Yd ocyncrasy—as all the quaint and.'eharaeteristie
Phisisei; re preserved. From :Richard L'• till Charles I.
inausiv 1y,.a1l the-intervening reigns are illacidated .by
the epllary correspondence of the difforent monarchs.
The l; leletterS of Mary VIII. to the , unfortunate •
Anne B?leyn are of thems,4ves sufficient rewards to
any bibliographic- antiquary ; and- the- epistles of Ed-
ward V 4., so wise for one so incxperienced,'so staid and
pious for one so posting, are inffititely curious. Indeed,
we cannot divot ourselves of the notion, that those
lettereWere indicted under the clictvion of the -boy-
king's political advisers—say Crammer. We say this,
under-all correction from Mr. Hallir% ell, both froin.the
intrinsic-qua!itieo,of the correspondence itself, and be-
' 'daii.O6 we are somewhat sceptical about the oft-mentioned
m' arrnk
oy:abß,e} let
t:
lrol
Boleyn
e3n to
road"
,s tor wisdom. As one among the moat re-
series,
ey, with
we transcribe
a potc
onrie fromptby
Ac n
Cardinalinhe
lvo Icing Henry.- ' '
' • " Anne I3oleyn to Cardinal Wolsey.
" My Lord; in my most humblest wise that M
y heart can
think, I desire you to psidon me that I am so bold to trouble
you with'my simple and rude writing, esteeming it to pro.
ceed from her that is much desirous to know that your Grace
does well, as I perceive by this bearer that you do, the which
I pray God long to continue, as I am most bound to pray •
for I do know the great pains and troubles that you have
taken for me is never like to be recompensed on my part, but
irea cdeaailbyoNp-eroaolfl,
of in y creaturesd
el ievdi
sn gB.h a Al
shall
nndialn i
fdeos
tlnyo tth,dcol
aurbet
abi I,
at
il
alonely [entirely, wholly] in loving you next unto the King's
G
affirm my writing to be true, and I do trust you to think the
same.
" My Lord, I do assure you, I do long to hear from you
news of the Legate; for I do hope, as tey come from you,
they shall be very good ; and I. am sure you desire it as
Much as L and more, an it were possible; as I know it is
not : and than remaining in a stedfast hope, I make an end
of my letter.
Pthoisst
let
ei
tpt terb,3;
Written r,iili the hand of her that is most bound to be
your humble servant,
" The w riter of. "ANNE BOLEYN.
Kjounl aig nlioetnr4.ase, till she had
caused me likewise to set my hand,
desiring you, though it
be short, -to take it in good part. I insure you
iat there is
neither of us but greatly desireth to see you, and are joyous
to hear that you have escaped the plague so well, trusting
the fury t thereof to be passed, especially with 7 them that
keepeth good diet, as I trust that you de. The not hearing
of the Legate's arrival in France causeth us somewhat to
muse; notwithstanding, we trust, by your diligence and
vigilancy!(With the assistance of Almighty God), shortly to
be eased out of tbat.trouble.. No more to you at this time,
but that T pray God send you as good health and prosperity
as the writer would.
" By your loving sovereign and friend, " H. R."
This; may be regarded as some slight indication of
the possessed exalted influence po
by this renowned states-
man at the Court of Windsor. 11! .J. 0. •
slight ability in the notes and
shown !no elucidatory
paragraphs; with •
' h which he has interpolated the text :.
he has, instance shown undue indeci-
however, in one i . .
crimes imputed to
indeci-
sion in acquitting James I. of certain w
him by Scott, the romance writer, and others. e
commend Mr. Halliwell to the refutation of that charge,
as pronotinced !by. Lingard. After a perusal of that
'refutation, the cortMpondence of James will 'appear
innocent enough, and the acquittal will4be accorded
. rather mare readily. Thi's at least we conjecture. In
all essential respects the two volumes before us are
' Complete. Mr. Halliwell ha; performed
i
' the history: of . his native land ; Lc has collected n one
focus many of the scattered ligh's of " the past," fbr
[ the instruction of " the present," and the praise of "the
Lfuture.''While the white cliffs of Albion are washed
. by the ocean, .the book will be resorted to as an - au-
- - thority. From the very nature of the work it must
live ; and from the adroitness With which it has been
compiled it will always be associated with the name of
Halliwell.

SLAVERY AND SLAVE TRADE OF THE
BRAZILS. By 7. Nilson, RN.
A very lamest, comprehensive, and well-written ex-
posure of u greatmational iniquity is the pamphlet re-

1 cently issued by Mr. Nelson, formerly Senior Assistant •
Surgeon of her Majesty's ship Crescent at Rio de Ja-
neiro. And what we the more especially prize in this
plea for the black race is the uncompromising force of
its language and .the very.; evident fact that .the-- semi-t
meats are all, as it were, auperfices chistaid together ,
-upon a solid groundwork of experience and reason.
There is likewise a characteristic about this production 1
which is exceedingly estimable in one. of its class :—it is
accurately grouped out, there is a certain logical sym-
metry in its arrangement, by which the several ideas of
the writer are submitted to the reader in an agree-
able and natural sequence. From his declaration,
it appears that the Brazilian Government have, during
many past years, fostered a trade in human beings,
though such was a direct violation of their treaties with
this country, and by which treaty the complete suppres-
sion of the slave trade was stipulated. Accord-
ing to an official statement in the Journal` do Com-
mercio, those treatises are declared to have ter-
minated on the 17th of last March ; a state-
ment, however, the authenticity of which both
we ourselves and the author of the " Remarks " would
wish to question. All the woes, multiple and excru-
ciating, endured by the African victims of the slave
trade are recounted by Mr. Nelson with a horrible par-
ticularity, from their first reception in the baracoon upon
the shores of their native country to their deliver-
ance into the hands of their permanent taskmasters
on the other side of the Atlantic. Enough to
sicken the most callous-hearted into a mingled, loathing,
and sympathy are these simple narratives of suffering.
Men, women, and children are huddled together for
months in dense crowds between decks—no room to
move—no room to breath—the prey of a thirst the most
unappeasable, of dysentry the most wracking and
noisome, and of diseases in the eyes often followed by.
total and irreparable blindness. These diabolical pie- ,
tures of cruelty—a cruelty originating in a debasing and
villainous lust for lucre—have been painted again and
again in colours of appropriate sombreness ; but
never to our recollection have they stood out i
from the pages with such a truthful air of wretched-
ness—"
crying out for assistance, and there is
none to help them," as in this benevolent i
pamphlet. Mr. Nelson argues the matter, moreover,
upon an economical ground :-...he points out the re-
markable
and almost spontaneous fecundity of the soil 1
of Brazils in nutritious vegetation. In proof whereof 1
we quote the following:---
" The formidable obstacle which the hotness of the climate,
at certain periods of the year, throws in the way of manual
exertion, nature has in a great measure counteracted, by the
promptitude with which she causes cultivation to flourish '
under the smallest amount of toil. The majority of these
expensive and laborious undertakings, which the English
agriculturist must perform to insure an adequate return, are
here neither adopted nor even known. The land having been
cleared of its primary coat of wild vegetation, requires no
other care than to be annually broken by the hoe, in order to
yield, hi many cases, a doubly-repeated harvest in the course
of the year.
" Throughout the entire country, nature has been lavish of
her choicest stores. Trees of almost every intertropical
variety, many furnishing the costliest woods, others the most
delicious kinds of fruit. Plants, some prized for their beauty,
others esteemed for their medicinal virtues, spring up indi-
genously in the more genial districts, and, with the variety
of their tints, clothe the hills, the valleys, and the margins
of the rivers, in the most enchanting verdure. The legu-
minous and farinaceous productions of the vegetable world
are nowhere more obedient to the call of the husbandman, or
more prolific of their refreshing and nutritive principles. The
mandioca and figon plants—answering to the corn and
potato of Great Britain—are easily reared, and afford a
•wholesome and palatable food for the lower orders of the
people. ..Rice and Indian corn add to the general abund-
ance, and cheapen, while they increase, the variety of the
necessaries of life."

With such a means of facile agriculture, the lazy
Portuguese settlers meritthe most universal reprobation,
for their purchase of droves of human beings to per-
form labour which might readily be managed other-
wise. When will this blot upon the human race be
finally obliterated ? Not until the almost impious farce
is forgotten, of a great nation assuming the flag of Ca-
tholic freedom, with a slave population answering their
beck, wearing their chains, bleeding under - their
scourges.

ante. The work also contains two full and comprehensive
indices. One to the acts and notes, the other to the forms
by which a reference to any point can at once be obtained
the great value of which is so well known to the legal
p,ilactitioner that any work deficint therein is looked on
ras next to useleh ; no matter' bow valuable it may be.
in other rOspbeo:- 'On the the task has been most
ably performed by the learned gentlemen who under-
took it, and we feel convinced, that an early demand for
other editions will at the same time afford a handsome
profit,
dadditionala yoccurring,n ad enable
experience them
an d
of to
to
whiche
dewrenlighteneiyce
ad n from
rothen
i venture
tp
hueb
tloi c
casesw i with the
every
prophecy
the best use will be made by Messrs. Freud and Ware. ,

MAGAZi
ikeNlESTarad, in
an
C°e ON I UE D
HOOD'S MAGAZINE.
After something
announcement
contained in the April number of this ma azine the
promised dissertation on the "Antigone of Sgophocles "
in due course makes its appearance. For millionth
time the Roman distich has been
n verified, the parturient
mountain has brought forth a very mouse f an articl
In saying this, we must also observethat ° e.
we opened its
pages predisposed to be gratified—because, possibly, we
wished to be so. Nevertheless we must in all
candour
acknowledge ourselves disappointed
; the fanfare of
trumpets only ushered in a very pi m• a t. It
scarcely so much an analytical
notice g of thegean is
"Antigone
of Sophocles " as an eulogium upon Mr. Vandenh ff and his daughter. In this, however, there is b ° negative fault, as we cordially
sympathise in uttha
e
writer's appreciation of the genius of
those eminent
tragedians ; but what voe would especially condemn
is
the inaptness, the falsity, the actual hypocrisy of the
title. What insight does the article give into the tragic
vigour of the Antigone? None. What new elucidations
of the characters ? None. What illustrative notes
upon this passage or that? None. What corrections
of Mr. Bartholomew's version ? None. Yet one at
least of these particulars were necessarily anticipated
from the title of the paper ; that title being—(not, "a
pangyric upon modern actors," or "an anonymous jeer
at the English Opium-Eater," or " a second-hand com-
pliment to Mendelssohn," but)—" THE ANTIGONE or
SOPHOCLES." The attack, indeed, upon Mr. De Quincey
is deserving of the severest reprobation, as it is admi-
nistered under the mask of an anonymous scrivener,
besides being uttered,.in terms very nearly allied to the
scurrillous ; in proof whereof here are some random
epithets :—" prince of poppydom "—" the realm of
Nod "—" all the Nid-Nid-Nodders in the world"—and
so forth. Alluding in another part to the same gentle-
man, our nameless would-be critic speaketh of him as
"our by no means wide-awake friend 1' Now, first of all,
the artificial adjective is too remarkable for its elegance
to acquire much force with others, and secondly we
question whether the renowned opium-eater would not
repudiate such friendship in a very summary manner.
It becomes, moreover, *actually ludicrous to hear, the
writer in Hood's Magazine remonstrating with Mr. De
Quincey on his want of knowledge in London doings,
and yet in that very remonstrance displaying his igno-
rance of Mr. De Quincey's name. So much for the
vaunted but inane article on the Antigone of the Gre-
cian Shakspere. We marvel when " The Bushranger
of Van Diemen's Land" will end ! Mr. Percy B. St.
John is indefatigable in his contributions, all of them
being neat, sparkling tales. " Nell Gwynne "is con-
tinued with its previous modicum of melodramatic
ability; and a delicious innovation in the miscellany is
made in the shape, of a " May-garland for May-day"
—being choice cullings from the poets, from the mention
of

THE FORTUNES OF TURLOGIT O'BRIEN.

Part 11.

What we specified as the failing of this writer, when
noticing the first number of his fiction, we are impelled
by justice to repeat -on a perusal of its continuation.
The deseriptions are, marred by over-embellishment ;
every patch of light cast by the sunset is noted down
with a distressing scrupulosity ; the characters of the
tale always think of, and speak to, one another in a su-
perlative manner. The heroines are not "beautiful,"
they are " celestial" or " angelic ;" the villains are not
" unprincipled," they are hell-born "miscreants," and so
on in a like fashion. If the author of " Turlogh
O'Brien" had a lily, he would paint it; if he had gold, he
would daub it with gilding. It is an unfortunate pro-
pensity. It is destroying by repletion. As absurd
would it be for a sculptor to delineate on a statue every
separate thread woven into the linen. Unless the writer
modifies bis style, he will destroy a very agreeable novel.
Jeremiah Tindal promises well as a questionable kind
of actor but of his ragged visitor we can make nothing
whatever. The attack upon Glindarragh Castle -.will
bring the story to an interesting crisis ; but we trust the
author will previously forsake his ornate diction.

PRECI?DENTS OF CONVEYANCES, and
other Instruments relating to the Transfer of Land to
• Railway Companies; with Introductory Matter and
Explanatory Notes. By Henry Thyrwitt Freud, and
.I..llibbert Ware, Esqrs., Barristers at Law.

There are few shareholders in any railway company,
of landowners within the kingdom, who will not be more
or less interested'in the subject-matter of this work.
When so many Act. have rectentiy passuad through Par-
liament, the periods for the compulsory acquisition of
lands under which have not yet expired, and when so
many new projects are before the Legislature, it be-
comes a matter of considerable importance to the landed
proprietors in the neighbourhood of the sanctioned or
contemplated lines, to have the state of the law respect-
ing the acquisition of property by the several companies,
their extraordinary powers and privileges, and the
duties incumbent on them to perform in return, clearly
and simply stated in such a manner that the non-pro-
fessional reader, although wholly unacquainted
with law, may be enabled to form a sound judge-
ment of the manner in which his property
is, or may be
of view this work will baeffeefotuencid much morethis
valuplinlet
than its modest advertisement would infer, which states
that its sole object is to afford some assistance in the
preparation of the instruments, of .more ordinary oc-
currence relating to the acquisition of lands in England,
Wales, or Ireland, for railway purposes. With Scot-
land it does not purport to have any concern, the com-
panies in that country being regulated, by wholly distinct
statutes.! Up to the year 1845, the powers conferred, and
the restrictions imposed, on each railway or other
Joint-st4ck Company, were expressed at full length in
the special Act of Parliament, by which that company
was incbrporated. Mizell expense and inconvenience
was thetefore occasioned, by the necessity of inserting
in each ikct a multitude of ordinary clauses, all of which
would equally suit the circumstances of every other
company. And also, because, although the matter was
similar in its import, yet as considerable differences oc-
curred i.t the language and phraseology of the clauses of
the various Acts, a greater liability to litigation
existed whenever the meaning of any particular
enactment was the subject of discussion, and
iu many instances oases would necessarily have: been
brought before the courts for the purpose of obtaining
a judicial interpretation. In order to remedy these evils
three measures, of considerable importance, were brought
forward by Government, in the early part of last session
of Parliament, by which the greater part of the com-
panies sanctioned during that session, and all which"maY
be passed during the present year, or at any time here-
after, will be regulated, save so far as they have been
altered or varied by express enactment in the special Act.
These statutes are respectively termed—
let. The Companies Clauses Consolidation Act.
2d. The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act.

3d. The Railway Clauses Consolidation Act.
The second of these Acts more immediately relates
to the acquisition of land for railway purposes, and it is
therefore given at full length, with clearly arranged and
able notes on the several sections explanatory of the
provisions contained therein, and containing references
to different cases which have already been decided, and
by which the interpretation of the clauses may probably
be affected, or their necessity was occasioned. These,
of course, will be chiefly valuable to the professional
reader, •who will find much research exhibited, and
sound judgment displayed by the learned compiler
therein. A knowledge of the provisions of the other
statutes is, however, very necessary, and a most
fexcel-
lenttransfer
compendium of their provisions is given, romf
which the layman can acquire a Perfect
the knowledgeof
these them-
selvesthese enactments • much more so, than if
be closely studied by every
Pe
all relating to the d'mentot
of
aoraelsls,,
the
er
means
of
inter-
ested in shares in any company,
h th •
were placed' before him. Trhsoenfirhsotlodifntgh,esoershoullsd.
forfeiture of
enforcing such payment, and the shares for
-payment, the remedies of creditors of the company,
andn the mode of borrowing money ; the conversion of
ot the capital
the
paym
of dividends and of bye-laws, the
latorinadbnusttriinalintosnicoaifspsiital, and consolidation of stock into shares;
the general meetings, and right of voting by share-
holders; the appointment and rotations of directors, their
powers, proceedings, and liabilities ; the appointment and
duties of auditors, the accountability of the officers of the
parties .into-
company, the keeping accounts, and the right of inspection
thereof, the making
so that aney-
settlement of disputes by arbitration, the giving of no-
tices, the proof of debts in bankruptcy and tender of
awards the recovery of damages not specially provided
for, and penalties, and the provisions to be made for
affording access to the special Act by, all
rested, are all clearly and distinctly set forth,
person can at once acquaint himself with his rights and
privileges, his duties and liabilities.
The third statute relates to the construction of
the railway and the works connected therewith,
in re-
cetYionmuosft other works—for
many
Ynd liabi-
make, whether
tfeoregenticieer,
thweirthe
to the,anpdowethrseirof
restrictionsthe accommodation of adjacent lands—the serving of
lities—pecuniatrhye
notices—the making of bye-laws—regulating the use of
the railway—the carrying of passengers and goods—
orcebulypetnhseatcieonnstrtuh
and other points respecting the enjoyment and
use of the railway when constructed. The precedents,
which are arranged under the following heads, viz.:—
freeholds, copyholds, common or waste lands, lands in
mortgage, rent charges, lands in lease, nominations of
surveyors, valuations of surveyors, and nominations of
trustees to receive compensation; arbitration; jury pro-
ceedings and miscellaneous instruments ; are stated to be
adaptations of drafts framed under different railway Acts,
passed before the Consolidation ActS came into opera,
tion, and appear to us to
thermcomise every subject
likely t 9 om 9 Wore, and require .I. ,4 of the convey-

" The flow'ry May, who from her green lap throws
The yellow cowslip, and the pale primrose,"
of Milton, to the " Ravenna" of Leigh Hunt, and our
new-born favourite, " -The New Timon." The -author
of " Rural Sonnets" continues his " Sonnets for the
Times" in a spirit and with an ability that can scarcely
fail to extend his popularity.