The Sun.
London, England, 1846-05-04 00:00:00

cruel, the moat unrelenting, and the most unjust of all
tyrants. Some hopes are held out that the Senate will
have the courage to resist both the mob and
Polk, rand the very long time they have taken
in coming t• a decision is favourable to the
opinion. "I am tolerably confident," says the writer,
in summing up his remarks " that in a very short time a
resolution would pass the Senate, recommending the
Executive to adjust the matter peacefully and by com-
promise." We are surprised to see Tait devoting six or
cmds:hossvi
iceiaenaliomnhvevli
ytelaeal:nrniatrel
:oaf ooiaocodon,fmrniikdeeohme,xtitdoslco valuable pages to the miserable, trifling and
except
common-places liranct ethhse
the shape
ha srau.,p.ceah
on adf
amenaanna
absurdity
find not
;Co; arrateinsd.
as
originallfVoer
correct information,,lneasthat
entered,tlttioof
philosophyho
the
beheading t n
oli
cc
nt oe a
fi
is totally out of the question.
ca
ax
pi oe ul s a tuod d ews
ictrhi b
me tuhe eh mg
or
cia
ev
ootGs3futf.
kiepserpit:msla.
sassnrsrbn,
yvde3bis, peat
sueehett
reason
eua?lienoaanassnrseoutopHpwri
lehsoei
cedfr
coo:
siprnht
aiftopalthis
who,nlhailids.nne
the
faan
mi
s
fi
Tsoaf:gon:isii ring the
ntih en
thesaobrer nationalq
su
weto, ‘
d Ss
co:
on_tubri, etTe Ellh
countenance,
cps
es: tu'hsj'ei'
at
roc
comes
asSnctcooh Scotch-
man; and,
so often to be perceived in the Scotch, and
which justifies the expression, Sombre Ecossais, has al-
ways seemed to be connected, as well as their moist and
misty atmosphere, with the impression on the minds of
the Scotch, that with the head of the unfortunate Mary
fell too the crown of Scotland, and was broken to pieces.' The following are the concluding remarks on the "Posi-
tion and Prospects of Sir Robert Peel :"
" The crisis is an inviting one to a man of so mach ambition
as the Premier is known to be. The breaking up of old par-
ties has devolved more influence on the great floating balance
of shrewd quiet citizens, with no strong party predispositions,
than has been witnessed at any earlier period of our history
The more general diffusion of wealth and intelligence has
made this element in society more extensive and stronger,
independent altogether of the weakening of party combina-
tions, than it ever was before. Sections of society, too, have
risen into political importance, with wants and wishes which
the old hereditary distinctive measures of Whig or Tory can
neither gratify nor discomfit. Common sense embodied in
practical measures—legislative and administrative, for the
real wants of the age, and with respectful, not slavish
deference to its opinions—are what will establish a Ministry
in office. Peel, certainly, has no claims to implicit confi-
dence ; his juvenile antecedents are against him ; but if he
has not yet unreservedly devoted himself to the promotion of
such a policy as Liberals could support, how stand the Whigs?
While in power, they played fast and loose with the princi-
ples, by professing which they had acquired it. Of Peel it
may be sate, that 1115 actioue have been better than Ills bad
professions; of the Whigs, that their actions have been worse
than their good professions. Neither have claims to our en-
tire confidence for the past; it is the future of both that must
decide. Peel, we have shown, stands on a vantage ground
for this renewal of the cottest : it remains to be seen whether
he will have the clear-sightedness and intrepidity to avail
himself of it. Mr. Cobden told him, not long ago, that in
consequence of his free trade measures, he would find himself
most popular in the manufacturing districts, were he to visit
them. The substitution of measures really capable of reliev-
ing Ireland, for coercion—the appointment of a Lord Lieu-
tenant, who, with the genial sympathies, and perhaps some-
thing of the theatrical dash of Lord Norrnanby, combined
with higher intellect and sounder common sense—would
render him equally popular in Ireland. The change impend-
ing in the leading political agents, and in the views and tem-
per of the popular party in that country, invites to the ex-
periment. The introduction of measures calculated to impose
a check on the petulance of privileged sectarianism—to place
the adherents of all religious sects more on a footing of social,
as well as political equality—to unsectarianize public educa-
tion in the way least calculated to exasperate or grate on
popular prejudices, would conciliate an important body of
notpoonret et
tthhersoeu
cgohuorus te
courses
nt gploal titcdy and Scotlandh
Sir
izo. bertApn
Peel
lt eis
not adopt, with as much honour to himself, and augmentation
of his influence over the sounder part of public opinion, as
free trade. Nobody believes him to be imbued with sectarian
prejudices; no one believes hint fond of daring coercive,
forcible measures. His opinions, and natural disposition,
alike incline him to rational and liberal modes of government.
lie has emancipated himself from old party connexions : one
step farther, and he may take new ones that really do him
honour. The hour has come which must stamp his historical
character. The next few months will determine whether he
is to be handed down to posterity as a greater Minister than
England ever had before hint, or as one who almost became a
great Minister."

DOUGLAS JERROLD'S SHILLING
MAGAZINE.
This is an excellent number of Douglas Jerrold.
" St. Giles and St. James," " Juniper Hedgehog," and
the " History for Young England," are all continued
in the present number. The character of King John,
in the " History for Young England," is admirably
summed up in a few words :—" He died on the 19th of
Oewber, in the 49th year of his age and the 17th of his
reign, more thoroughly hated, and more deservedly
condemned to everlasting infamy, than any other man
of whom history keeps contemptuous record." This
sentence is perfect—it is impossible to add to, or take
from it, without weakening its effect. This number also
contains a smartly written article on " May-day," by
Angus Reach, and a searching, withering satire, entitled
" The Poor Man's Coat," from the pen of Cooper, the
Chartist poet ; in addition to a variety of other articles,
all good of their kind.

THE HOME.
We scarcely think there is so much talent in this se-
cond Number as in its predecessor. From the conclu-
sion of the review of " Cromwell's Life and Letters,"
we quote this quaint and picturesque description of the
great Oliver, clothed in garment of " rich black velvet,
with cloak of the samo, and hat with band of gold."
The limning is that of Thomas Carlyle :
" A man of five feet ten or more, of strong solid stature,
and dignified, now partly military carriage ; the expression
of him valour and devout intelligence—energy and delicacy
on a basis of simplicity. Fifty-four years old, gone April
last; brown hair and moustache are getting grey. A figure
of sufficient impressiveness—not lovely to the man-miliner
species, nor pretending to be so. Massive stature; big
massive head, of somewhat leonine aspect; wart above the
right eyebrow; nose of considerable blunt aquiline propor-
tions; strict yet copious lips, full of all tremulous sensibili-
ties, and also, if need were, of all fierceness and rigours I
deep loving eyes, call them grave, call them stern, looking
from under those craggy brows as if in lifelong sorrow, and
yet not thinking it sorrow, thinking it only labour and en-
deavour ;on the whole, a right noble lion-face and hero-
face, and to me royal enough."
The Home Magazine must be more solid in its character
if it be expected to last.

SPRTIG.
An average number O
of this monthly, its contents
being good, bad, and indifferent. We regret to per-
ceive that Henry Hie-over has concluded his paper on
" Horses—Purchasers and Purchasing." He must re-
consider his determination, and make a series of it.
Mr. Mills becomes somewhat garrulous about a " Wild
Legend of the West," and the " Recollections of a
Griff" are as amusing as hitherto. But the " Sporting
Intelligence" is the principal requisite of such a periodi-
cal, and in this department the Sporting Magazine dis-
plays much ability.

COLONIAL.
For colonial intelligence no publication condenses so
much information into such small compass as the pre-
sent. This arises, no doubt, from the pratice of its
entrepreneur, and the multitude of correspondence for-
warded to him from all quarters of the globe. The de-
partment of fiction is ably occupied by a continuation of
" The Emigrant," by Mr. Leigh ; while, for travels and
adventures, we have the " Rides, Rambles, and Sketches
in Texas," by Charles Hooton. His description of the
bowie knife is not uninteresting:—
" Having already mentioned the bowie .knife, as not only
so common but so formidable a weapon, both in Texas and
the whole South, the reader will perhaps be not displeased
to hear a little more of it—the various tragical hand-to-
hand exploits which have been from time to time performed,
even amongst the " highest circles" of that quarter of the
world, through its agency, having conferred upon it a de-
gree of bloody and horrible distinction never yet acquired by
many of its elder brethren of the same craft. Let it not,
however, be regarded altogether in the light of an engine of
human slaughter ; since, in many other respects, it is one of
the most useful of articles to the settler and the frontierrnan.
The same blade which this morning, perhaps, was buried to
the hilt in the body of an enemy—or it may be of a friend,
with whom its owner had a ditliculty'—will also serve to-
night to carve the venison for supper ; to skin and cut up the
hunter's game; to extract hooks from the gullets of pon-
derous red fish, when its master goes a fishing; or to supply-
any other need, no matter how small (if not too small for
its own size), for which a knife can possibly be required."
The other contributions are generally worth a reading.

THE FARMERS'.
A clever copy from a photographed portrait of Mr.
Clark Hillyard heads th© Farmers' Magazine for May;
and a more appropriate opening could scarcely have
been selected than a memoir and a " counterfeit present-
ment" of the author of " Practical Farming and
Griming." The usual proportion of sound and instruc-
tive essays lend a value to the current number of this
periodical. Among the most curious of the disserta-
tions, we may mention the experiments to determine the
effect of barley and :malt on the milk of cows, and an-
other on the steeping of seeds in sulphuric acid. It is
impossible not to admire the honest earnestness with
which this publication advocates the agricultural
interest.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
Well assorted, but tarnished with a partizan spirit,
this magazine will satisfy its readers, and now-a-days
that is the principal requisite. The article on George
Brummell is written in rather a questionable strain; we
dislike seeing a mournful spectacle, authenticated by
name, held up in an invidious light.

THE BELLE ASSEMBLER.
There are no less than twenty-five separate contribu-
tions in the present number, which possesses, moreover,
its usual amount of ability and mediocrity. Tales, and
metrical fragments, and critical notices, and legends, are
jumbled together according to the most approved fashion
of Belle Assemblee editorship, Without either congruity
or contrast. We may particularise Miss Elizabeth
Youatt's contribution as the most meritorious, because
possibly the most inartificial. Both the poetry and. the
illustrations are scarcely deserving of allusion, since
they they are so irredeemably mincing ; we often regreo
see the words of Byron tagged-on as a kind of..ceany.
explana-
tion to some abortive frontispiece. to this
.mtise
Let us recommend more caution i n future, h
deformity
juxta-
positionli of immortal beauty with evanescent
in by repe-
tition.
becomes absolutely painful when persisted

THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL.
Still advancing in its very noble and laudable cause—
the cause of the million—the enlightenment of the mass
—and the regeneration of mankind generally, the
People's Journal has a decided claim upon the sympathy
of all British subjects without distinction. It has
an extraordinary corps of literary assistants, in the
persons of the flowitts, Angus B. Reach, Fredrika
Bremer, W. J. Fox, Thomas Cooper, and Camilla Toul-
min. Lectures, essays, letters, legends, and poetry,

form tEe bulk of its materials, and altogether are- re-
markable for a sound, healthy tone, and a generous
spirit. The illustrations too, are more than ordinary ;
the sketch of the Hutchinson Family in particular,
being grouped and penciled with a tasteful hand. We
cordially recommend this periodical to the public, for
its strong sense, and its natural tone.

THE ALMANACK FOR THE MONTH:
Gilbert a Beckett, Horace Mayhew, and Mark Lemon
are among the contributors to the present number of
this monthly repository of fun. There are materials
for half a dozen excellent farces, at least, in this num-
ber of the Almanack.

THE ENGLISHWOMAN'S MAGAZINE.
Very excellent in its typography, and equally miscel-
laneous in its literature, this magazine reflects honour
on the taste and judgment of the editress. One of the
most sensible articles in the May number, is the one en-
titled " The influence of English Women ca English Li-
terature." We commend it to all fair readers as the ex-
position of a new field in which their " influence" has
operated.

THE KNIGHT OF G WYNNE. Part IV.
Though comparatively few incidents are introduced
in these chapters, more interest is excited for the vari-
ous characters of the tale, and those characters are more
fully developed than in all the preceding chapters in the
three former numbers. The debate in the Irish Parlia-
ment is depicted with peculiar skill, especially in the
episode of Bagenal Daly's quarrel. All the most inter-
esting personages of the story are placed in a somewhat
embarrassing plight by the flight of the Knight's lawyer
to ?I,merica, and the part before us ends with the prepa-
rations made by Daly for his pursuit to Liverpool during
a. tempestuous night. Mr. Lever has chosen a most ex-
citing epoch in his country's history for the period of his
story.

PICTORIAL BALLADIST. Part T /IL
PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE. Part VIII.
These are an economical series of poetry that can
never diminish in the estimation of mankind ; and it is
ever a source of gratification to us to see copies of
them multiplied for circulation at a cheap rate among
the
,populace, Such editions we look upon as boons to
the people. There are twenty •four neat wood engravings
in the numbers lying upon our desk. They are neatly
printed ; and the text is accurate in most instances.

THE 'CEDED TERRITORY IN THE
'PITNJAUB.
We shall doubtless soon be in possession of the articles
of the impending treaty between the new re-organised
Seikh Government, on the one side, and the British In-
dian Empire on the other. We look forward with no
small anxiety to the official publidation of a document
which must exercise so beneficial an influence on the
productive resources of India, and the renewed commer-
cial prosperity of our provinces in particular, which has
been sadly disturbed by the late hostilities, and shall, in
the meantime, endeavour, though inadequately, we fear,
to draw the public attention to one grand particular, on
which the late proclamation decrees all negotiations must
be based. We allude to the annexation of the districts,
hill and plain, between the Beas and Sutlej. If the
founding of a colony has been pronounced a great na-
tional enterprise, requiring the undivided energy of the
Legislature, to insure to the fullest extent any reason-
able prospect of success, surely the proper manage-
ment of a district so important in
every way, botli,,
political and commercial, as that which has so 2lately"
been added to our alrea?). Colossal Empire, will require,
and will doubtless re.,eive, every financial
attention
from the authorities in India which it is their habit to
bestow. But this is not all that is required at their
hands in the present days of enlightened progression.
It will be their bounden duty to institute a scientific and
minute survey; its climate, soil, and capacities of pro-
duction, must be deliberately inquired into by compe-
tent persons employed for this especial purpose, and the
lessons which the experience of the past cannot but have
taught, will not fail to direct such manifestly difficult
and absolutely necessary inquiries. We have no means
of ascer aining to our satisfaction the precise surface of
the annexed districts, but may form some approximate
notion of the amount by tracing the boundary rivers, pre-
mising before doing so that we are indebted to Thorn-
ton's Gazetteer for our information on the subject. The
Beas takes its source on the southern verge of the Ri-
tanka pass, in Lahoul, a Himmalayan region, north-east
of the Punjaub, at a point about 13,200 feet above the
sea, in lat. 32 34, lon. 77 12. The river then takes a
southerly course of about 100 miles to Mundee, in the
vicinity of which are productive mines of salt and iron,
forming, even now, the greater part of the revenue of
the tributary Raja of the province. It requires no
great amount of discernment to predict, taking their
advantageous locality into consideration, that these
mines, with the aid of European resources and machi-
nery, might be rendered infinitely more productive. At
this place the river is from 150 to 200 yards wide, with a
depth of twelve feet. From Mundee the Bees takes a
course of fifty miles, chiefly westerly, to Nadaun, a
much-frequented spot, being on the direct route from
India to Kashmeer. This point would probably be a
good spot for a small cantonment, on account of the
importance of its position ; the site, moreover, is de.
lightful, and during the days of its earlier prosperity
was celebrated for its beautiful gardens. From the rich-
ness of the soil it had acquired an enviable celebrity, as
the proverb which Vigne quotes would testify, " Who
will come to Nadaun and then leave it ?" From Nadaun
the Beas takes a wide sweep of about eighty miles to
the north-west, and having entered the plains of the
Punjaub, in about lat. 23 deg. 5 min., long. 75 deg. 20
min., turns southward, a course which it follows for
about eighty miles further to its confluence at Endressa,
near the Hurreeke Ghat, with the Sutlej. The length
of the river to this point may be stated at from 310 to
320 miles. The united stream bears the name of the
Gharah until its confluence with the Chenab. Let us
now turn to the Sutlej, the most easterly of the rivers of
the Punjaub, and which, in spite of its being the most fa-
miliar by name, is also the least known, for its source has
not been visited by any Europeans in consequence of the
vigilance and jealousy of the Chinese, within whose ter-
ritory it lies. It is, however, supposed to be on the
south side of the Kailas, or peaked mountain, on the
north of which the Indus is thought to have its source.
It rushes, with amazing rapidity, in a north-westerly
direction, for about 150 miles, as far as Nako, in lat. 31
deg. 50 min., lon. 78 deg. 36 min., at no great distance
from which it receives the Lee, or River of Spiti, at an
elevation of about 8,600 feet above the sea. Here the
united stream is called by different designations, but is
known throughout by the name of the Sutlej. Below
the confluence its general course is south-west, with a
very rapid declivity to Rampoor. From this latter spot
to Belaspoor, its course is generally west and south-
west ; hence it holds a very winding course to Boopur,
where it makes its way through the low sandstone
range of Jhejwan, and finally enters the plains of the
Punjaub. It then passes between Philor and Loodianah,
and its width, at the season when lowest, may be stated
approximately at 250 yards, with an average depth of
seven feet. Up to this point the stream is navigable at
all seasons, for vessels of ten or twelve tons burthen,
and in these days of improvement we see nothing to
prevent steam from being made available in light vessels
to the very foot of the hills. We have already noticed
its confluence with the Beas. The whole length of the
Sutlej, up to this point, has been estimated at 570 miles,
one hundred and thirty of which may be said to be in
the plains. To the north-east the Himmalaya range
forms an elevated barrier. The area of the plain dis-
trict, situated between these several boundaries, viz., the
hills, the Beas, and the Sutlej, may therefore, at a rough
estimate, be calculated, at the least, at 8,500 square
miles. We have not materials sufficient to enable us to
form even an approximate value of the extent of the hill
provinces, as we do not exactly know their extent to the
East, where they adjoin the Chinese empire.
Our attention will next be naturally drawntothe
ex-
isting state of the different cities scattered at no very
distant intervals over this ei!pazain
dr, of
formerly the
eoun try. The
first, perhaps, in importance,
principal residence of the L.odPA._.ffghan dynasty. It is
situated in a tract of amazing fertility, amidst flourishing
orchards of mangoes and other trees, and, though once
a place of great celebrity, as the vast number of large
and handsome mausoleums in its neighbourhood would
testify, has still, at the present day, a* population of
about 40,000. Rajwarrah, on the direct route from
Loodianah to Lahore, containing a population of about
15,000, situated in an equally fertile region, must not be
passed over unnoticed. There are also other places,
Mundee, Kupoorthalao, Kurtapoor, &c., on which se
could dilate, but the above brief account will serve to
convey some slight idea of the value of the appropriated
district, which may, in strict truth, from its adaptation
for the richest cultivation, be termed the garden of
Upper India. Our information regarding the hill dis-
tricts is, on the other hand, painfully scanty, but we,
doubt not that they will be found, on minute survey
from their more northerly position, to exceed in value
any similar portion in our own provinces, and that
the mineral and ether resources will amply repay the
energy of British enterprise, provided that enterprise be
directed with proper spirit and discretion. The great
error hitherto committed in regard to new acquiai-
sitions will, we trust, not be again repeated. We have
heretofore allowed their extent, surface, produce, and
consequently capacities of commerce, to be neglected is a
most unpardonable and unstatesmanlike manner, and in
a way too most prejudicial to our interests. A single
instance, so remarkably appropriate, will suffice, though
many similar cases might be adduced. The Dhoon of
Dehra and the adjacent hills fell into our possession into
1817, and nearly thirty years have been allowed
ot. a
elapse before even any advantagescNumensuratettnhas of
pecuniary kind are derived. Though ti
late been excited, and wonders been wrought in a short
time, yet how much more might have been. effected
had our researches been properly and vigorously directed
from the first ? How much, and with what comparative
ease might have been accomplished, had an intelligent
and competent man been deputed to examine
upon, for public information, the productive
lv and report
resourcesesmight f
this favoured district ? How many valuable
have been saved by the earlier establishmentiimaof S
hatnae-
c climate of
taria in the delightful and invigorating
hills ? And how much direct revenyhe might
instead of only
derived from the Dhoon itself, have been
emerging from its jungly coinddlidtioiwnni;olwrcnioilelrddnayosw2ebyeenywieiltdh-
ing 100,000 rupees a year, as: t Its m itnoe rbael
w
the humble resources of Indian cui:it ati
and vegetable productions, to Ivithaere? seems
no assignable limit, would erc this have been fully deve-
loped instead of now coining to light only partially, and
that from isolated instead of combined and well directed
exertions. The whole country would have presented a
smiling and refreshing picture of active and happy in-
dustry, instead of showing to the inquisitive only here
and there, what the whole country, under properly di-
rected management, might become. Enterprise has,
however, at length been aroused, and under the auspices
of an enlightened Government, will ultimately com-
mand suecess. The forests alone, under proper regula-