The Sun.
London, England, 1848-03-07 00:00:00

trik Su N, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 7, 1848,

value. Sir R. PEEL last night admitted, that if a
great exertion were to be made, and that it was
proposed to pay off the national debt, that then a tax
Oil Capital might be necessary. Indeed it is manifest
that the necessary amount could not be collected in
any other manner. Why, then, should a different
rule prevail with respect to the payment of the in-
terest from that which would necessarily exist if the
principal itself was to be liquidated ? In either case
the amount should be obtained from the same sources.
The denial of a fair adjustment of the burden may
possibly induce the people to ask how far their fathers
had a right to mortgage the labour of their pos-
terity—to charge their children with the payment
of a debt contracted before they were born. An
un-
wise and obstinate persistance in the unjust and im-
politic course may lead to consequences which our
legislators, happy in the possession of their property
qualification, do not at present contemplate.
The Member for Montrose is willing to renew the
tax for one year, and surely that is a sufficient time
for even the most inert and sluggish Minister to ma-
ture all the details of a measure, assigning its true
value to every species of income, and declaring what
proportion thereof should be made applicable to sup-
ply the deficiencies of the Exchequer. Three years
are, however, now demanded, and the representatives
of the people are called upon to respect public
credit, and their own character, by acceding to
the prolonged period. We cannot conceive any-
thing more calculated to, impair the public credit
than the fact that Ilonourable Members, who are
thoroughly convinced of the injustice and oppression
of a particular impost, should yet consent to a con-
tinuance thereof for an additional year, rather than
the slightest shock should be given to that credit.
We cannot conceive a course better calculated to
exalt the character of that house than that they
should give an implied pledge that they would be
prepared to enter upon the deliberate consideration of
the means by which the admitted inequalities might
be removed—the acknowledged grievances remedied,
at the earliest possible opportunity. As we have
already stated, the concession for three years will
ha tantamount to a refusal of any alteration
and conclusive as to the permanency of the tax. We
trust that the several constituencies will exert them-
selves with the same energy and zeal that they did
against the contemplated increase, that they may
warn their representatives that a support of the
Government proposition must lead to a severance of
the connexion existing between them. On
Friday next the division will probably take
place. Every elector should take care to
otain a list of the voters on that day, and
carefully to retain it until the time when his
suffrages may again be sought for. The Irish
Members, too, should refrain from pressing
on the English people a burden with which they
themselves are not about to be charged. They justly
complained, during the past week, of being outvoted
on a question relating wholly to Ireland, and on
which they were all but unanimous : they should
avoid giving equal cause for complaint by adopting a
course in opposition to the wishes and feelings of the
people of this country.

Already the more turbulent Reformers of England
are beginning to demonstrate their sympathy for the
French Revolutionists of February, by creating dis •
turbances which can only result in bloodshed, misery,
and spoliation. Anxious as they possibly are to
imitate the glorious movement of the Parisians, they
are only rendering themselves contemptible in the
eyes of their fellow-countrymen by their idle and
intermittent efforts at insurrection. They are striv-
ing to enact a heroic drama, and are only degene-
rating into the buffoons of a travestie. Their ambi-
tion is petty larceny ; their political dream is chaotic ;
their patriotism is ridiculously rampant. Instead of
chautiting to the land such songs as the death-chorus
of the Giroudins, and the hymn of the Mar-
seillaise, they are trolling in the streets of Glas-
gow the Lillibullero of VICTORIA. Eminently
unlike their contemporaries of the barricades, they
are satisfied with ducking a few heads in the fountains
at Trafalgar-square. To speak honestly of our
fellow-citizens, we are thoroughly ashamed of their
proceedings yesterday, both in mobbing a handful of
police-constables at Charing-cross, and tearing up
the rails along the lines branching from Glasgow to
Paisley and Airdrie. In the former instance the
populace were convoked by an eccentric gentleman
named Mr. CHARLES COCHRANE, whe, after collect-
ing several thousands round the pediment of the
Nelson pillar, evaporated into thin air, and left only an
apologetic placard behind. This example of officious-
ness and pusillanimity will be sufficient, we trust,
to prevent the multitude henceforth from placing any
reliance whatever in those political charlatans who
raise the standard of a spurious patriotism, in hands
delicately gloved with lavender kid, and who endeavour
to float into Parliament upon oceans of soup, reserving
to themselves the meat and the vermicelli. It is not
by pillaging the gun factories of Glasgow, or by
sacking the shop windows of jewellers, or by throw-
ing the truncheon of A No. 1 into the puddle of an
abortive fountain that the Government of Great
Britain is to be re-organized, and the happiness of its
population secured. Never was a more mi-
serable contrast visible than that which has
been afforded in France and England, the
one the scene of a sublime tragedy, the other of
a contemptible farce—heroes at Vincennes, and pick-
pockets at Glasgow—a grand historical convulsion in
Paris, and a petty riot in a corner at London !
Happily for those who, like ourselves, have a pro-
found confidence in the popular movement throughout
the globe, there is a nobler object of contemplation
than these civic squabbles in the metropolis, in the
brilliant manifesto addressed, on the 2d instant, to the
diplomatic agents of the French Republic by Citizen
Aernoaise DE LAMARTINE. That manifesto is worthy
of the genius which presides over.the victorious Revo-
lution—it is worthy of the occasion, of the epoch,
of France, of Republicanism, and of history ! It
is a guarantee that the spirit of the new constitution
is Peace, and that the ambition which is directly
antagonistic to its aspirations is the ambition of
Battle. Although M. DE LAMARTINE has nomi-
nally addressed himself to the diplomatic agents of
his country, he has here spoken in a voice whose
glorious tones will reverberate to the limits of the
two hemispheres. As he proclaimed the existence of
the Republic to the Parisians, from the façade of the
Hotel de Ville, he here repeats that momentous
proclamation to the nations of Christendom, from
the pinnacle of a third revolutiun. lie speaks with all
the elegance of a scholar, with all the grace
of a poet, with all the simplicity of an
historian, with all the dignity of a statesman, with
all the distinctness of an administrator, with all the
fervour of a patriot, and, above all, with the exquisite
and courageous humanity of a Christian. The mani-
festo is decidedly the manifesto of a rhetorician—but
the rhetorical flourishes are unstudied and spontaneous
—they are only the melodious vibrations of the heart-
strings of LAMARTINE, of the chords of that heart
which has become an instrument of eloquence, and
which is stirred to its innermost recesses by the
mighty deeds it has so very recently evoked and ac-
complished.
We have said that this circular, in which the prin-
ciples of the Provisional Government are definitively
revealed, is in its character distinctly and eminently
pacific. We repeat it—the manifesto glitters with
the aphorisms of Freedom, but its splendour is
subdued by the benign and chastening beams of in-
ternational amity and universal brotherhood.
negbliuiuidqb,uouleinnqtaeue," writes this illustrious Tribune,
rpi
eur‘ot,
etnei
eons
nono en enpar
monveaoi
eqs stuaenge tup,
ae
art p
leps euiime
td"reo;::saa Ln
icßhaoeatpillseuriolne people,tu
i
sur son berceau les benedictions de DIEU et des hom-
mes : Liberte, egolite, fraternite. Elle a donne le
lendemain, par l'abolition do la peine de mort en
matiere politique, le veritable commentaire de ces
trois mots au dedans ; donnez leur aussi leur` veritable
commentaire au dehors. Le sens de ces trois
mots appliques a nos relations exterieures est
celui-ci : affranchissement de la France des chaines
qui pesaient sur son principe et sur sa dignity ; re-
cuperation du rang qu'elle doit occuper au niveau
des grandes puissances Europeennes ; enfin, declara-
tion d'alliance et d'amitie, a Villa les peuples. Si la
France a la conscience de sa part, de mission liberale
et civilatrice dans le siecle, it n'y a pas un de ces
mots qui signifie guerre. Si l'Europe est prudente
et juste, it n v a pas un de ces mots qui ne signifie
paix."
Yes ; " J 1 France but rightly comprehends her

role in the liberal and civilizing mission of the age,
there is not one of those words which signifies War !
And if Europe only prove herself to be prudent and
Just there is not one of these words which does not sig-
nify Peace !" M. DR LAMARTINE argues with the
explicitness of one who is thoroughly conversant
with the records of his country, and who has drunk
deep draughts of wisdom from the chalice of History;
that war, which was " the fatal but glorious ne-
cessity of 1792," is wholly incompatible with the
cause of freedom in 1848 ; and that by reverting to
that magnificent and intoxicating fatality, the French
Republic will only have conduced to the national
retrogression. " La re volution d'hier," he exclaims
in a tone of involuntary exultation—" La revolu-
tion d'hier est un pas en avant, non en arribre 1"
Therefore he maintains that a warlike policy is at
once to be repudiated. As an enforcement
of this argument he contrasts the France of
1792 with the France of 1848. He shows that in
1792 the nation was disunited, that two distinct
people in fact inhabited the same soil, that the demo-
cratic class on the one side fought for an equalization
of rights, and that on the other side were those who
had been forcibly despoiled of their possessions and
their privileges, and who consequently fought with a
sort of chivalrous desperation for the re-establishment
of a monarchy, an aristocracy, and a theocracy. To-
day, he insists, there is no longer any dis-
tinction of interests; social and political
equality has reduced society to an equable
level ; philosophy has passed from the cloister
to the market-place, from the privacy of the academy
to the publicity of the streets ; the intelligence of the
people has ripened under the rays which have
streamed for half a century from the books, the
journals, and the tribunes. Then, continues the
Republican statesman, endeavouring to affright his
countrymen into an anxiety for the preservation of
European peace by demonstrating the perils encoun-
tered by Freedom on the fields of battle.—" It is not
the country— _

" Ce n'est pas la patrie qui court les plus grands dan-
ger dans la guerre; c'est la liberty. La guerre est presque
toujours une dictature. Les soldats oublient lea in-
stitutions pour les hommes. Les trones tentent les
ambitieux. La gloire eblouit le patriotisme. Le
prestige d'un nom victorieux voile rattentat contre la
souveraineti nationale. La Republique veut de la
gloire, sans doute, mais elle la veut pour elle-meme
et non p our des Cesars ou des Napoleons 1"
These are sentiments which are essential for the
consideration of a great military nation like the
French, and LAMARTINB is proving his patriotism
and his valour by the daring evinced in the pronun-
ciation of such novel arguments—the logic of true
liberty. Here, however, is his most majestic and
conclusive reason for the maintenance of tranquility
in this hemisphere :

"En 1792, le people n'etait que 'lnstrument de la
revolution, it n'en keit pas I'objet. Aujourd'hui la
revolution s'est faite par lui et pour lui. 11 est la
revolution elle-mime. En y entrant, it y apporte ses
besoins nouveaux de travail, dlndustrie, d'instruction,
d'agriculture, de commerce, de moralite, de bien-etre,
de propriete, de vie a bon marche, de navigation, de
civilisation enfin, qui sont tous des besoins de paix
Le peuple et la paix, c'est un meme mot."

That august truth will live for ever—" Le Peuple et
la Paix c'est un meme mot"—The People and the
Peace are synonymous ! It is a truth which might of
itself render the name of ALPHONSE DE LAMARTINE
immortal—being the very epitome of Christianity
and Civilization—had he not already, by his lambent
and patriotic genius, written his autograph upon the
memory of the world.
To-morrow we will illustrate the accuracy of his
assertion, proving that peace is at this moment
essential to all the nations of Europe.

The Helvetic Directory has addressed the follow-
ing circular to the Cantonal Governments :

"BERME, FEB. 28.

" Dear and faithful Confederates,—The Federal
Directory has learned, in a certain but not yet offi-
cial manner, that a revolution has taken place in
France ; that, from the 22. d to the evening of the
24th, the population of Paris fought against the
troops of the line and the municipal guards; and
that, on the 25th, at ten o'clock, the Republic was
proclaimed. The last mails from Paris have not
reached the Federal capital, and for that reason the
Directory has not been able to receive official com-
munications from the Provisional Charge d'Affaires
of Switzerland in Paris, M. Delley. The rumours
and reports of the journals relative to the extent and
result of the Revolution are most contradictory.
Nevertheless, it may be considered positive that
events of the highest importance are in progress in
that neighbouring state, and that the first phasa in
which they have entered has no doubt already re-
ceived a solution.

"The position which the Confederation, owing to
ite topographical situation, occupies in the system of
the European states, imposes on the Federal Direc-
tory the obligation to direct the attention of the high
Cantonal Governments to the events preparing in dif-
ferent countries, and to expose to them the aspect
under which it is necessary to view and appreciate
the position of Switzerland towards her neighbours.
" Whatever may be the result of these events, the
duty of the Swiss Confederation will be to maintain
under all circumstances, and with all its might, the
neutrality it has acquired. This profession of faith
is the more publicly made, as the Directory appre-
hends no tendency in a contrary sense. Nevertheless,
it is indispensable, after the events which have oc-
curred in the interior, to exercise a great vigilance, in
order to avoid creating embarrassments and compli-
cations.

"The Swiss Confederation must defend with energy
against insinuations from abroad the principle of non-
intervention. But it must also, in the opinion of the
Federal Directory, abstain from all kinds of demon-
stration from which it might be inferred that it is not
faithful to that principle. Switzerland considers order
and the regularity of internal affairs as a matter re-
specting which it has alone a right to pronounce. It
must accordingly endeavour, on its side, constantly to
maintain its neutrality when collisions arise between
foreign states, and, in that respect also, as well as on
all former occasions, to observe conscientiously
existing treaties.
" On the other hand, it is the duty of all the Sove-
reign States not to lose sight of events of so great an
importance; and whatever turn they may assume,
whatever consequences may result therefrom, to
adopt such measures as shall enable the Confederation
generally to provide against all contingencies, and
not to be surprised by unforeseen circumstances.
" Consequently the Directory feels bound earnestly
to invite the States not to undertake at this moment
any armament, but to replace the Inateriel of war
consumed during the last expedition, to organize all
the armed forces, in order to be prepared to respond
in a becoming manner to any contingent appeal on
the part of the Confederation.

"This invitation is sufficiently justified by the
grave events passing at the present period ; experience
ought to give Switzerland salutary lessons.
"The Federal Directory will apprize the high
States of the progress of events, and calls on all the
Governments, particularly those of the cantons bor
dering on the frontiers, to forward to it any useful
information they may obtain. They must carefully
watch the march of affairs and acquaint the Directory
with every fact of interest for the Confederation.
" But, should refugees, no matter to what country
they may belong, cross the frontiers of the Confeder-
ation, whether armed or unarmed, you will grant
them hospitality, agreeably to the right of asylum and
the laws of humanity. The first, however, must be
disarmed immediately, and attention must he paid
that they do not abuse the asylum accorded to them,
so as to convert it into a centre of intrigues against
neighbouring states."
" The Members of the Federal Directory."

The excitement occasioned in Germany by the
French Revolution has been intense.

An extraordinary supplement of the Cologne Ga-
zette, of the 4th inst., brings the intelligence that
whilst the town council were assembled on the previ-
ous night, in the Hotel de Ville, a riotous crowd
gathered in front of that edifice and loudly demanded
that the members of that body should, in the name of
the people, claim the following " rights :"
" 1. That the people should make their own laws,
and be their own governors ; that there should be
universal suffrage, and that all should be eligible both
for the commune and the state.

" 2. The absolute liberty of the press and of speech.
"3. The abolition of the standing armies, the
general arming of the people, and the election of the
officers by the people themselves.
" 4. Liberty of association.
" 5. Protection for the working classes, and the
securing of the maintenance of all.
" 6. Education at the expense of the state for all
children?'

The troops were sent for, and they soon arrived in
imposing numbers. The crowd was dispersed, and
the ringleaders arrested. The " demands of the
people" (Vorderungen des Volkes), were printed on
circulars, which were very plentifully distributed
amongst the assemblage.

The Governor of the Rhine province (Herr Emu-
mAN) has promised to forward to the King of PRUSSIA
the suggestions and views of several Members of the
United Diet (chiefly representatives of that province)
respecting the reforms and concessions called for under
the present critical circumstances.
General orders have been issued to all the Prussian
military authorities to have their troops ready to
march at two days' notice.
The Prussians have compelled the French residents
in Metz to quit that city.
The following are the demands of the inhabitants
of the Duchy of Nassau:—
" The general arming of the people, which will
have the faculty of choosing its leaders ; 2,000 stand
of arms for the inhabitants of Wiesbaden ; entire
liberty of the press; convocation of a German Par-
liament ; an oath to the constitution to be taken by
the troops ; right of meeting ; public and oral trial
by jury ; declaration that the domain belonging to
the State shall be under the control of the admini-
stration of the states of the Duchy. Immediate
convocation of the Second Chamber, for the purpose
of forming a new electoral law, on the basis that
eligibility is not dependent on wealth, and suppression
of restrictions on religious liberty."
The States of Wirtemberg, assembled at Stuttgard,
presented the following address to the KING, on the
Ist inst.:—

" Sire,—At a moment when the most serious
events shake Europe to its centre, we think it our
duty to draw near your Majesty, in the name of the
people, whose constitutional representatives we are,
and to give you the assurance that the Ling can
depend upon the concourse of his people to preserve
order and legality, and to protect the country against
every enemy. The people look up to their King as
well as their representatives, for in their union they
find the guarantee and the happy solution of those
difficulties upon which their welfare depends. We
well know that your Majesty is fully determined to
fulfil your share of this arduous task, and to secure to
yourself the affection and confidence of your people,
by your devotedness to popular interests. It cannot
escape the penetration of your Majesty that the
frontiers of Germany are in danger; that they
require to be protected, and that the most solid
rampart of a state is national union ; on the confi
dente of this union depends the safety of the state.
The present organization of the Germanic Diet has
not awakened these feelings. May the wise inspira-
tions of your Majesty awake a national feeling, and
give an impulse towards the development both of the
national liberty and of the national feelings of Ger-
many. The speech from the. Crown promised us the
liberty of the press, the realisation will be a tie more
which will hind the throne and people. We also de-
mand the free assemblies of the clubs, without the
previous authorisation of the police ; and the arming
of the citizens.—Stuttgard, Feb. 29." (here follow
the signatures.)

The,Committee were most graciously received by
the KING.

Next day an extraordinary supplement of the
Swabian Mercury published a decree in which it was
declared that—

" 1. The censorship of the press, established by the
ordonnance of October, 1819, is abolished.
" 2. Consequently, until the Germanic Diet shall
have published a decree regulating the affairs of the
press, all the dispositions of the law on the liberty of
the press of January, 1817, will come in force.
"3. In the meanwhile a project will shortly be
presented to the states, in which a snore expeditious
public and oral proceeediug with regard to matters
appertaining to the press will be recommended."
From Carlsruhe we have also news to the 2d inst.
M. BECK, the Minister of the Interior of the Grand
Duchy of Baden, has published the following procla-
mation :

"1. The censorship of the press is abolished.
"2. The national guard will be immediately or-
ganized.
"3. The Government will submit to the Chamber a
law establishing trial by jury."
The Grand Duke of BADEN published on the 2d
inst. the following proclamation :
" LEOPOLD, &c.—The grave events which have re-
cently occurred cannot fail to have an influence on
existing social order. Never was the necessity of
union between the Government and the States, be-
tween the Prince and the people, more urgent to op-
pose with one consent the enemies of our constitu-
tional liberty and social condition, as they exhibit
themselves either at home or abroad. In such a mo-
ment demagogues of all kinds are not wanting. Un-
der the pretext of liberty they preach a license which
is the destruction of all liberty. I know that many
citizens, well-intentioned, whatever may be their po-
litical opinions, are fearful that this may lead to some
movement of anarchy, that in our country, hitherto
so peaceable, the criminal intentions of some, and
the seduction of others, may bring about a revo
lution and attempts against property and other
constitutional rights. In these grave circum-
stances, I address myself with the most entire
confidence, and with all the force of my old
affections, which have never failed, to my people,
who, in happy and in adverse times, have given me
SO many proofs of their love and fidelity. I address
myself to all those who respect order, right, and true
liberty, and invite them to co operate with me to
maintain order, property, and constitutional liberty,
those precious possessions which it is my duty as well
as my firm resolution to sustain, and, at the same
time, to support all loyal citizens in their efforts to
crush, by all legal means, all criminal attempts. It
is to you, my dear people of Baden, to give the
example of a people who progress happily in the legal
development of liberty and in the maintenance of
order. You will give, lam sure, this noble
example."
An official announcement appears in the Frankfort
Journal of the 3d of March, which says—
" The Diet having demanded the advice of all the
Governments upon the detailed report submitted to
each on the 9th of September, by the commission for
the affairs of the press, to the effect of adopting a
uniform federal legislation on the press, has now de-
cided on the proposal of the said commission—that
each state of the confederation has the right to abolish
the censorship and grant the liberty of the press, but
this can only take place under the guarantees which
protect as much as possible the other federal states
and the whole confederacy against the abuse of the
liberty of the press."
The burghers of Kiel in general meeting assem-
bled agreed to the following address to the King of
DENMARK► :

"Most high, most mighty, and most gracious
King and Lord,—The state of the times impels us to
address our Prince with perfect openness. The Ger-
man subjects of your Majesty in the duchies are con-
scious that they have a claim, founded upon justice
and common sense, to a peculiar independent form
of government, which entitles them, in close union
with the rest of Germany, to develop both themselves
and their institutions in the true German spirit. Our
German representatives will never deny this convic-
tion of the nation, and we trust that when these experi-
enced men shall be assembled at Copenhagen they
will unanimously advise your Majesty to give the
country such a constitution. Till that period free-
dom of the press and popular assemblies are indis-
pensable, if the sentiments of the nation are to reach
the ear of your Majesty in their genuine expression
and true force. We therefore humbly and earnestly
request your Majesty that you will be graciously
pleased immediately to issue commands to the autho-
rities of the censorship in the duchies to let the
affairs of the country be freely discussed in the public
papers and in pamphlets, and to desire the police
authorities not to put any obstacle in the way of
popular assemblies for the discussion of the common
affairs of the country.—Kiel, Feb. 29. Your Majes-
ty's obedient humble subjects." (Here follow the
signatures.)
The Journal Allernand de Frankfort says that
Russia has concentrated considerable forces on the
frontiers of Austria. The Prince PASKEWITCII is
appointed commander. The army will be sixty
thousand men ; one part only has arrived at its desti-
nation. But it is miserable for these troops that
famine reigns now in the circles of Poland, and also in
Gallicia and Haute Silesia. The Poles are very un-
easy, for it is reported that those who are condemned
at Berlin will not be pardoned.
The Austrian Government was expected to pro-
claim a constitution, with freedom of the press; but
the same proclamation was to announce a forced loan
to the amount of forty millions of florins.
The Frankfort German journal of-the 3d instant
contains the following, under date Berlin, the 29th
ult..—

"The treaty of alliance, concluded between Aus-
tria, Russia, and Prussia, for the purpose of sup-
porting Austria in Italy, was ratified by our Govern-
ment after the arrival of a Russian courier. Three
corps of army are accordingly to be mobilised ; the
4th will repair from Saxony and Thuringia to West-
phalia ; the 7th will descend from Westphalia to
Cologne ; the Bth will proceed to the French frontier ;
and the 3d corps, now on the march, will replace the
4th in Saxony."
The Pru.rsian. State Gazette of the 2d has an
article on the French revolution. After haying
deplored the fall of the throne of Louis PHILIPPE,
the misfortunes of the civil war which has stained
the capital of France with blood, and the outrages
to which the Duchess of ORLEANS was exposed, the
Gazette expresses a firm conviction that Germany,

instructed by the experience of twenty years of
French domination, will stand on its guard against
the influence of the ideas of the new Republic, and
prepare to defend its independence with zeal, energy,
and valour.

The organ of the Cabinet of Berlin then indicates
the policy which Prussia will pursue. Prussia, faith-
ful to her alliances, will place all her forces at the
disposal of any one of her allies that may be menaced
with invasion. She will consider the violation of
the treaties of 1815 as a declaration of war. If these
treaties are respected by France, then no motive for
war will exist, and the nations of Europe may con-
tinue to labour in the development of their institu-
tions, and in the promotion of the arts of peace.

The Gazette concludes with a declaration that the
preparations for war on the part of Prussia and the
other German states ought not to give umbrage to
any foreign Government, and that they are not of
themselves calculated to inspire alarms grounded on
the possibility of war. They are merely measures of
precaution, in accordance with the adage, quoted by
the Gazette, " Si via pacem Para helium."
The Magdeburg. Gazette announces, under date
Berlin, 29th ult., that a revolt had taken place at St.
Petersburgh, and that an attempt had been directed
against the life of the Emperor NicaoLAs.
Berlin papers as late as the 4th inst. make no
mention of this rising in St. Petersburgh, which is
doubtless an idle rumour.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

PROCEEDINGS AT PARIS.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.

In commenting on the manifesto of M. DE LAMAR-
TINE the Presse gives the following resume of the
respective positions of France arid the other Powers
of Europe :
" England has acknowledged the Republic, and
declared that she will abstain from all intervention in
our internal affairs. Belgium likewise acknowledges
the new state of things. Belgium being neuter will
consequently form a frontier of 4,000,000 men to
defend France on the northern side. Switzerland
will afford similar protection. Prussia and Austria
would have to pass over her to reach us. They will
not hazard such a sitep. Those two great Powers
comprehend the immense difficulty of an aggression.
Thus the Prussian Universal Gazette—the official
organ —has proclaimed the principle of non-inter-
vention. No declaration has reached us from Austria,
but the situation of Lombardy answers for her
neutrality. Russia, less interested than Prussia
or Austria in meddling with our internal affairs,
and placed in an unfavourable position to attempt it,
cannot inspire any serious uneasiness. The Pro-
visional Government, through the organ of M. de
Lamartine, has declared officially that the Republic of
1848 desired neither conquest nor violent propaganda,
and that its greatest wish was to remain at peace.
When, therefore, the idea of intervention or war is re-
pelled on all sides, neither intervention nor war is to
be apprehended. But all parties should act consist-
ently with the principles they proclaim. The Prus-
sian Universal Gazette has declared, and the Consti-
tutionnel has repeated it, that the best mode of securing
peace is to prepare for war—a commonplace saying,
which has been too much abused, and which it is time
to abandon. When every party is preparing for war,
war becomes almost inevitable. The best mode of
securing peace is simply to prepare for peace by a
general disarming. To what purpose is it to arm
when every Power declares that it is firmly resolved
to avoid every act which might lead to a collision ?"
We entirely concur with the Presse in opinion that
the best preparation for a peace is a general disarm-
ing, and we would recommend such a measure nolo,
because the Government of France is in the hands of
honest and honourable men, on whose truthfulness
the utmost reliance may be placed. But while the
Government of France was in the hands of such
tricksters and equivocators as Louis PHILIPPE and
GUIZOT, on whose most solemn pledges no reliance
whatever could be placed, it would have been folly not
to have been always prepared for the worst.

Considerable inconvenience was created on Sun-
day by a simultaneous strike of the omnibus drivers
and conductors, who stopped the running of all these
vehicles, and forcibly compelled the passengers to
leave until the wages of the drivers and conductors
should be risen from three francs a day to four. The
strike still continued on Monday.
The persons who took possession of the Tuileries
during the revolution seem very much disinclined to
quit their quarters. Several have established them-
selves permanently in the Palace.
The illoniteur Algerien of. the 29th ult. has been
received. The Due D'AUM ALE on that day pub-
lished a proclamation announcing the abdication of
Louts PHILIPPE, the accession of the Comte DE PARIS,
and the regency of the Duchess of ORLEANS. The
proclamation concludes as follows :
" The Governor• General knowing the patriotism of
all, adds nothing to this news. Nothing can change
our duties, or affect our duties to France.
"Algiers, Feb. 27. "li. D'ORLEANS."
The second notice says :

" The Governor-General has not received from
France any official communication; but he is in-
formed that the following dispatch has been addressed
to all the prefects and sub-prefects. [Here the
Governor-General publishes a dispatch, announcing
the formation of the Provisional Government.] The
Governor-General can only repeat what he said yes-
terday ; nothing is changed in our duties towards
France; the population and the army will wait with
the greatest calm for the orders of the mother-
country.
" Algiers, Feb. 28, ten at night."

" 11. D'ORLEANS.

The Moniteur contains a decree regulating the
mode of election of members of the National Assem-
bly. The members are each to receive an indem-
nity of 25f. per day during the session. Paris is to
have 34 representatives.
By a decree of the Provisional Government of the
sth inst., Algeria and the colonies are to return 15
members to the Constituent Assembly.
The Prince LIGNE, Ambassador of Belgium,
waited on M. DE LAMARTINE on Sunday last, and
informed him that his Government was desirous to
maintain official relations with that of France.

Some alarm was created in Paris yesterday by
the announcement that GouiN's bank had stopped
payment for a sum of 55 millions of francs. M.
GOUDCNAUX has resigned the Ministry of the Fi-
nances, and is succeeded by M. GARNIER PAGES.
The opening of the Bourse is postponed until further
orders.

The Commerce says—" We learn from a certain
source that on Saturday all our diplomatic agents
were recalled. The Government has well conceived
that those who abroad have been the interpreters, and
too often the docile agents, of an anti-national policy,
cannot consistently continue to be the representatives
of republican France."
General TIIIARD has been nominated Ambassador
to Switzerland. M. D'HARCOURT and M. DE BOISSY
are to be appointed Ambassadors, one in Spain, the
other at Rome.

We read in the Moniteur :—" In reply to the
notification of the establishment of the Provisional
Government, and of the proclamation of the French
Republic, Rear-Admiral TREHOURT commanding
par interim the squadron of the Mediterranean, has
hastened to make known to the Minister of Marine
that he had put that notification on the orders of the
day of the squadron, the crews of which continue to
show themselves animated by a spirit of perfect
discipline and calm. You may, Monsieur le
Ministre,' he adds, give an assurance to the Provi-
sional Government, that whatever may be the cir-
cumstances, France can count on the patriotism and
courage of its sailors of the squadron of evolution.' "
THE DUCIESS or ORLEANS.—The following letter
from Coblents, dated the 2d, is given by the Cologne
Garette :—" The Duchess of ORLEANS arrived here
last evening with her two sons, the Count DR PARIS
and the Duke DE CHARTRES, accompanied by the
Marquisses DE MONTESQUIOU and DE MORNAY.
They came from Paris as far as Aix-la-Chapelle in a
small hired carriage with one horse. Thence, they
proceeded by the railroad to Cologne. They passed
the night at Deutz in the strictest incognito, and
came on here by the Coblentz steam-boat. They
have gone to Ems, where they mean to remain for
the present. This morning, before her departure,
the Princess received a visit from the wife of General
Dm TRILL, Commandant of the Province, who him-
self arrived last night from Berlin."

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, MARCIE E.

Boulogtie;niAniie;;;;g3/4-15uteh Rhenish, 11,4—Madrid
and Valentia, s—Namur and Liege, 4 ex int.—Northern
of France, 4 Orleans and Bordeaux, 3—Paris and Lyons,
2—Paris and Rouen, 24—Paris and Strasbourg, 13:4—Rouen
and Havre, 11—Sambre and Meuee, 6.

ELECTION COMMITTEES.
(THIS DAY.)
LYME REGIS.
The Lyme Regis Election Committee reassembled
this morning; Lord Ashley in the chair.
Mr. Sergeant WRANGHAM stated that the petitioners
had come to the determination to withdraw the petitb:n.
The room was then cleared, and the Committee
having deliberated for a few minutes, grange's were re-
admitted, when

The CHAIRMAN announced that the Committee had
come to the following resolution :—Resolved, That
Thomas Neville Abdy, Esq., has been duly elected a
burgess to serve in the present Parliament for the borough
of Lyme Regis. Resolved, That several of the votes
polled for Sir Fitzroy Kelly at the last election be struck
off the poll, it having been proved that they had received
money for their votes. _

The Committee then broke up after a sitting of six-
teen days.

BE IN' DLEY.

The Bewdley Election Committee re assembled at the
usual hoar this morning; Mr. Wrightson in the chair.
The Committee were engaged the whole of the day
in hearing evidence in support of the petition.

HOUSE OF LORDS.-(THIS DAY.)
Tho House sat to•day to hear appeals. The Peers
present were the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Rose-
bevy, and Lurd Morley.

DRUMMOND AND OTHERS V. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

AND OTHERS.

The further arguments in this part-heard appeal ware
resumed to-day. The case came before their Lordships
upon appeal from a decree of Sir Edward Sudgen, when
Lord Chancellor of Ireland, in the year 1842. The
facts of the case, according to the information, may be
thus stated :—About the year 1665, several ministers of
congregations in the city of Dublin, upon the passing of
the Act of Uniformity, having declined to condoms to the
provisionss of that statute, withdrew from their parochial
cures, and with certain of their parishioners, formed five
Nonconforming or Protestant Dissenting congregations
agreeably to the Presbyterian form and discipline; and
they erected fire meeting-houses in Dublin—one in
Wood-street, one in Cook street, one in New row, one
in Plunket-street, and one in Mary's Abbey. These
congregations were governed, according to the Presby
terian form, by elders elected from among themselves.
No particular statement of what their religious faith was
appeared to have been agreed upon, but all united
to defend freedom of Dissent and Dissenters.
The information then alleged the grant of
certain property to trustees for the protection
of Protestant Dissenters, and alleged also that it had
been generally administered by the ministers and
elders of the congregation already adverted to. It then
went on to state the particular circumstances out of
which the present suit had arisen; it stated the articles
of the trust-deed, and then alleged that all the original
trustees believed in the Trinitarian doctrines, and that
up to a recent period the entire income of the fund was
applied according to the trusts of this deed, to and for
the benefit of Trinitarian Protestant Dissenters ; that
the Wood• street congregation bad united with that of
Cork-street, and removed to a meeting-house in Strand-
street; that the congregation of New-row had removed to
Eustace-street, and that the congregation of Plunket-
street had joined a congregation of Trinitarian Presby-
terians on Usher'a Quay. The information further
stated that the congregations of Strand street and
Eustace-street had adopted the opinions which are
commonly called Unitarian, and that the Rev. Joseph
Hutton and Dr. Leslie, ministers of Eustace.street, and
Dr. Hammond, minister of Strand-street, respectively
taught and preached Unitarian doctrines, and that the
lay elders and members of the congregations
belonged to the sect of Unitarians, but that
the ministers, elders, and congregations of
Mary's Abbey and Usher's Quay still maintained
their ancient faith, being Trinitarian Presbyterians. The
information then submitted that according to the true
construction of the trust deed, and the intent of the
parties, it was inconsistent with the trusts thereof to
apply any portion of the fund in aid of the teachers of
doctrines at variance with the belief in the Trinity, or
at variance with the belief in our Lord Jesus Christ, as
entitled to divine worship; and let that the great
part of the fund was applied to the propagation
of doctrines called Unitarians—by grants to Uni-
tarian ministers—by educating young men in
Unitarian principles, and by building and re-
pairing Unitarian places of worship. The defen-
dants in the court below, who are the appellants, here
put in an answer to the information, in which they
alleged that at the time the trust was created no parti
cular dogmas of faith were in question among Protestant
Dissenters in Ireland, but they all agreed in rejecting
tests, and in making the words of Scripture the govern-
ing rules of faith ; that all such persons were deemed
" suffering Christians," within the meaning of
the articles of trust, and that the property
was intended for the benefit of all ; that such
had been the principle on which the property
had been administered from the period of the institution
of the trust until the present time, and that there never
had been any doubt that Protestant Dissenters generally,
and not any particular sects of them, were entitled to the
benefit of the fund. The cause came on for hearing
before Lord Chancellor Sugden in 1842, and he made a
decree declaring that the fund was originally intended
for the benefit of those who professed Trinitarian doc-
trines, which was the case with all the co i-
gregations for whose benefit the trust was
intended at the time of its creation; that all the trustees
now administering the funds should be removed, as well
the Trinitarian as the Unitarian trustees, and a new set
of trustees appointed, and that directions should be
given to carry out the trusts by administering the fund
exclusively for the benefit of those who professed
Trinitarian doctrines; and from this decree the present
appeal was brought. _ _

Mr. Holt and 'Mr. Roundell Palmer were counsel for
the appellants; and Mr. Kindersley and Mr. Alines
were in support of the decree of Lord Chancellor Sugdt,n.
The arguments, which have already occupied several
days, were brought to a conclusion today.
Mr. ROLT having this morning replied on behalf of the
appellants to the whole case,
The LORD CHANCELLOR, at the conclusion of the
arguments, postponed giving judgment.

CRIMINAL COURT.-(THIS DAY )
OLD COURT
(Before the El:comma.)
James Smith, aged 21, a labourer, was brought up on
an indictment charging him with burglary in the dwell.
ing-house of Francis King, and stealing therefrom a
watch, 16 spoons, and other articles, value 251. Richard
Clarke was also charged with being an accomplice, and
receiving the goods, knowing them to be stolen.
On the part of the prisoner Clarke it was endeavoured
to establish an alibi, against the other prisoner tlL-
denee was too strong to admit of a doubt as to his having
committed the robbery, and when taken into custody had
the property in his possession.
The jury found both of the prisoners Guilty. Smith
was sentenced to ten years' transportation ; sentence
upon Clarke was deferred, in order to afford time kr
causing inquiries to be made resin cting the accuracy of
the evidence of the witness in support 01 the alibi.