The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-21 00:00:00

N.17,547.] LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING
•

f 1 ONVEYANCE of her Majesty's MAILS be-
tween ENGLAND and the BRAZILS and BUENOS AYRES.
Department of the Comptroller for Victualling and Transport
Services, Somerset-place, December 19, 1848.
The Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereby give
notice, that on THURSDAY, the 25th January next, at One o'clock,
they will he ready to receive Tenders, under Conditions, which may
be seen at the above Office, for the Monthly Conveyance each way
of her Majesty's Mails and Dispatches, between
ENGLAND and Rh) DE JANEIRO and BUENOS AYRES,
by Vessels propelled by Auxiliary Screws, or by full power Paddle-
wheels.
All Tenders are to be made upon the Printed Form provided for
the purpose, which may be had upon application as above, and they
are to be addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, at Somerset-
place, with the words, " Tender fo" the Conveyance of Mails," and
" Comptroller for Victualling and Trairport Services," in the left
hand corner of the envelope.
No Tender will be received after One o'clock on the day of Treaty,
nor will any be noticed, unless the party attends, or an agent for him,
duly aathorised in writing.
Every Tender must be delivered at the above Office, and must ex-
press when and where the vessels will be ready for survey, and when
they will be completely ready for sea, and also state the address of
the party tendering.

VINE INN, COMMERCIAL FAMILY
HOTEL, and POSTING-HOITSE, STOURBRIDGE.
WILLIAM FORD, (Member of the Royal College of Veterinary
Surgeons) in announcing to Families, Commercial Travellers, and the
Public in general, that he has entered upon the above celebrated
House, late in the occupation of Mr. Francis Richards, begs to solicit
their patronage, and to assure them that no exertion on his part shall
be wanting to supply every comfort which it is in the power of a
landlord of an Hotel to afford.

W. F. also begs to announce that his Establishment will be con-
ducted on a system of fixed charges, combining liberality with eco-
nomy, and hopes, by attention to his patrons, to uphold the former
character of the House, as one of the most comfortable on the road.
Post Horses, Flys, ikc , on the shortest notice, and on reasonable
terms. Short distances, not exceeding One Mile, Es. 6d., Driver in-
cluded.

GRAY'S-INN WIN.
The attention of the Public

E ESTABLISHMENT.
c is directed to the undermentioned
strongly recommended for general

WINES and SPIRITS, which are

c nsumption

WINES. per dozen. SPIRITS. per gallon.
Port from the wood • • .. •. • . 30s Cognac Brandy— •• .. 21s and 24s
1 do. 4 years in bottle . • 42. s fhe pure pale do. per doz • • 60s
Sherry, excellent Dinner Wine 30• Finest Scotch Whiskey, per gal 18s
Do. superior old .. ••• • • • 42s Jamaica Rum.. • • 12s and 143
Marsala, best quality • • . . • • .. 24s English Gin •••••• • • • • 8s to 12s
Crape • .. • • ...... 18s British Brandy .. lgs
lIENEKEY, KISLINGBURY, and CO.

23, High Holborn
P.S. Sample Bottles may be had. Price Currents, containing al
he varieties of their Stock, forwarded upon application.

THS ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET.
Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry, by Dr. Ryan, at Half-past
Three, daily, and on the Evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Fri-
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day, at Nine o'clock, by Dr. Bacbhoffner.—Also on Pneumatics
daily at Two o'clock.—The Microscope at One o'clock daily.—The
Dissolving Views, with historical descriptions.—The Chromatrepe.
The Phantasmagoria' by Childe, at Eight o'clock—Diver and
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Open daily front Eleven to Five , and in the Evenings (including
aturday) from seven till Half-past Ten.

Admission ls,—Schools ,flaff-price —The New Catalogue, 18,

FAULTLESS NIGHT LIGHTS.

THE NEW PATENT ALBERT NIGHT
LIGHTS are the best, cleanest, most simple and safe, enl-
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in Boxes at 6d., containing 8, 10, or 12 Lights, to burn 9,7, or 5
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To l!e used in the Albert Lamps, at 3d., 6.1., 9d., or is. each.
Sold retail by Grocers, Oilmen, Lamp Dealers, and Chemists
everywhere.

?rinilE ALBERT NIGHT LIGHTS are the
I best. Price bd. per Box . Sold everywhere.

THE BEST APERIENT and ANTIBILIOUS
MEDICINE for general use is FRAMPTON'S PILL OF
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This medicince has for many years received the approval of the
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with permission to publish it, and if requisite, to refer any respect-
able person to its author :
" To Mr. Prout, 229, Strand, London.
" Heayitree, Exeter, April 24, 1844.
sta,—l feel pleasure in being able to hear my strong and unsoli-
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to give them my indiv.dual recommendation; and am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
o e * * *."

Sold by T. Prout, 229, Strand, London. Price Is. I%d. and 2s. 9d.
per box. Also by the venders of medicines generally throughout the
kingdom.

Mk for FRAMPTON'S PILL of EIEALTIL and observe the name
and address of " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London," on the Go-
vernment Stamp.

Ptl

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HE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
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CONTENTS :
I. The North-Western Railway.
11. Diary of Count Wessenberg.
Duke of Argyll on the Church.
IV. Layard's Discsivery of Nineveh.
V. Germany—Austria—Prussia.
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PENCER'S CHINESE LIQUID FLAIR DYE.
7 The thousands of individuals who for upwards of twenty
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the hair by their pernicious properties and dangerous process of ap-
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the roots till the latest period of life. Price 3s. 6d., 65.. and 108.
per bottle.

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ON NERVOUS DEBILITY AND GENERATIVE DISEASES.
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vised and corrected, 120 pages, price 2s. in a sealed envelope, or
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mananhtooodth.e, afflicted
J.
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been the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by youth
much more frequently than it is at all suspected.
N.B. Goer' of consultation from Eleven till Two, and Six to
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BREWERS' AND DPTILLERs' CLERKS' PROYIDENT
SOCIETY FOR WIDoWS AND ORPHANS.—The ninth anni-
versary of the insiitution of this • xcellent charity was
celebrated on Mod ty, at the New Corn. Exchange
Hotel, Mr. J. H Wynne in the chair. After the usual
loyal ti asts, the prosperity of the society, and the health
of its patriins, C. Barclay, Esq., Robert Millbury, Esq.,
Sir E. N. Buxton. C. Tanqaerav, Esq., and other gen-
tlemen, h7d been (lily honoured, the chairman strongly
enforce.l the duty of a.l ,rades and professions to. sup-
port energetically such benevoli nt designs as that they
were now ass -rallied to ci.lebrate. Mr. Davidson, in
returning it arks tor the health of the past president,
reverted to the gratifying f.,er, that whereas he had said
some years ago that he doubt, .d not they should have
2,000/. in ha,,d in 1850, hi, prediction had been agree-
'LW% filsiti d. for they hail at the present time a fund of
5.000/. Mr. Charles Pawley -returned thanks for the
trustees, Mr. Bennett for the Visitors, and thanks having
been voted to 'he auditors and chairman, a harmonious
evening closed the festive and philanthropic meeting.

PRINCE LOUIS NAPOLEON.
(From the Post.)
As everybody is naturally anxious to know some-
thing of the opinions of the new President of the
French Republic, we now give his views on one most
important social subject, as they were embodied in
his work, " Extinction du Pauperisme." This little
volume, of which we chance to possess a copy, was
Published in 1844, having been written in the spring
of that year, when his incarceration in the fortress of
Ham afforded ample opportunity for undisturbed con-
sideration of the subject. The observations, of the
whole of which we subjoin a translation, may, there-
fore, be taken as the deliberate opinions of the
Prince on a public question of deep and increasing
importance :

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
I must say a word in explanation of the title of this
pamphlet.
Perhaps it will be conceived (as a writer of no small
merit has already observed) that the expression " Ex-
tinction of Pauperism" has no direct reference to a work
whose single object is the welfare of the working
classes.
True it is, that betwcen the misery arising out of a
compulsory stagnation of labour on the one side, and
pauperism on the other (resulting so frequently from
vice), a great difference exists. Nevertheless that the
one is the immediate consequence of the other may well
be maintained ; for to diffuse competence, education, and
morality among the labouring class, which, of all, is the
most numerous, this, if "not to extirpate pauperism, is to
remove it to a very great extent.
For this reason to propound a method calculated to
initiate the masses in all the advantages of civilization is
to dry up the fountain heads of ignorance, vice, and
wretchedness. Therefore, without any extravagant
boldness, I conceive I may keep my title—" Extinction
of Pauperism."
I offer my reflections to the public in the hope that,
when developed and reduced to practice, they may tend
to general utility and retied. In adversity it is natural
to think of those who suffer.
NAPOLEON LOUIS BONAPARTE.
Fort of Ham, May, 1844
CHAPTER I.

The wealth of a country depends on the prosperity of
agriculture and industry, on the development of domestic
and foreign traffic, and on the equitable distribution of
the public revenues.
Not one of these elements of material prosperity but
is sapped in France by an organic canker. All inde-
pendent persons acklowledge this. The only difference
among them is as to the remedy.
AGRICULTURE.—IL is averred that the extreme sub-
division of property is the bane of agriculture, and yet
the re-establishment of the law of primogeniture, which
was the mainstay of large properties, and the life of ex-
tended cultivation, is impossible. In a political sense
this is fortunate.
INDUSTRY.—lndustry, that source of opulence, is
at present without rule, organization, or aim. It is an
engine working without a regulator, and cares little
what force it employs. Grinding beneath its wheels
men and materials alike, it unpeoples the fields, collects
crowds in spots where there is not a breath of air, en-
feebles at once mind and body, and casts forth on
the streets the operatives whom it may no longer
know how to turn to account, and who have sacrificed,
to swell its gains, strength, youth, and a life. The true
Saturn of labour, Industry, devours its children, gird
lives by their death. Must we, however, in order to ob-
viate these defects, place industry under an iron yoke,
deprive it of the liberty which is its life, kill it, in fact,
because it kills, without taking its immense benefits into
any account ? We think it will be sufficient if we
cure those whom it has wounded, and destroy its power
to wound.
• But this must be done at once. Society is no fictitious
being, but a body with flesh and bones, which can pros-
per only in proportion as all its component parts are
well and thriving.
Some effectual remedy for evils of industry is needed ;
the common good, the voice of humanity, the very inter-
est of Governments call for this imperiously.
DOMESTIC COHNIERCE.—Domestic commerce suffers
because industry producing .^vermuch in proportion to
the slender remuneration which it aniesda for labour, and
agriculture not producing enough, the nation is thus
composed of producers unable to sell, and of con-
sumers starving, yet unable to buy; and this ill-poised
position obliges the Government, as well here as in Eng-
land, to go even to China in quest of a few thousand
consumers, while millions of English and French are
around them destitute of every necessary, and who, ii
they caul only buy food and.olasting-ofna decent kind,
would create an infinitely more important commercial
activity than could be derived from the most advan-
tageous treaties.
FOREIGN COMMERCE.—The causes which paralyse our
exports are too closely bound up with politics for dis-
cussion here. Enough to say that the amount of ex-
pits is always in exact proportion to the number of
bullets which a country can send among its enemies on
any call of honour or dignity. Recent events in China
prove the truth of this.
Let us now speak of taxation.
France is one of the most heavily-taxed countries in
Europe. Perhaps she would be the wealthiest if her
revenues were distributed with perfect justice. The
levying of a tax may be compared to the action of the
sun absorbing the earth's vapours, in order afterwards
to dispense them back in rain, wherever the ground re-
quires water for fertility and productiveness. When this
return is duly made, fecundity is the result; but when
the sky, in its anger, pours back the collected vapours in
storms, waterspouts, and hurricanes, the germs of pro-
duction are destroyed, and barrenness follows; for some
receive more than they want, and others much less than
they need. Nevertheless, whatever may have been the
clement or inclement action of the atmosphere, yet al-
must always by the end of the year the same amount of
moisture will be found to have been absorbed and re-
turn( d. The only difference, then, is that caused by the
distribution. Regular and just, it creates plenty; thrift-
less and uneven, it produces dearth.
So it is with a good or evil administration. If the
sums annually raised from the population are employed
for unproductive purposes, such as the creation of use•
less places, the ereciien of barren monuments, the main-
tenance, during profound peace, of an army more expen-
sive than that which conquered at Austerlitz, taxation
then becomes a crushing burden; it exhausts the coun-
try; it takes without returning. But if, on the other
baud, those resources are employed in the creation of
iresh elements of production, in the re-establishment of
the equipoise of wealth, in the destruction of misery, by
the organization and stimulation of labour, and, in fine,
in the core of the ills consequent upon our civilization then certainly taxation, as a Minister once said from
the tribune, is the best of investments for the citizen.
Therefore in the budget we must find the cornerstone
of every system intended to relieve the working classes
To look for that corner-stone elsewhere is chimerical.
The savings bank is doubtless useful for the easier
class of operatives. It supplies him with the means of
beneficially using his superfluous earnings; but for the
most numerous class, who have no savings, and no means
of saving, this system is altogether insufficient. In
point of fact, to attempt to relieve the misery of men
who know not how to live, by proposing that they should
each year lay by a something which they have not, is a
mockery and an absurdity.
What, then, is to be done? This. Our equalising
laws on the division of property ruin agriculture; we
must remedy the inconvenience by an association which,
employing all hands out of work, may redintegrate pro-
perty and tillage on the grand scale, without detriment
to our political principles.
Every day industry summons to our cities men whom
it enervates. We must recall to the country the super-
fluous masses of our towns, and repair in a pure atmo
sphere so many worn minds and bodies.
The working class possesses nothing ; we must make
it a proprietary. Its only wealth is its hands. We
must place in reach of those hands employment useful
to the whole community. It is like a people of Helots
in the midst of a population of Sybarites. We must
give it a social place, and bind up its interests with those
of the soil. Finally, this class is without organization
and without ties, without rights and without a future ;
we must give it rights and a future, and elevate it in its
own eyes by association, education, discipline.
CIAPTER IL—PROPOSITION.
For the accomplishment of a design so worthy of the
democratic and philanthropic spirit of the age, so neces-
sary to the general welfare, so useful to the repose of
sogiety, three things are r, : Ist3,(l,aa Isaywst;em2d., a
first deposit of funds taken the budget;
L THE LAW.—There are in France, according to
official agricultural statistics, 9,190,000 hectares of un-
cultivated ground, belonging to Government, to the
commons, boroughs, or to individuals. These fells,
heathers, commons, pastures, yield but a very slender
revenue, eight francs the hectare. It is a sunken capi-
tal, profitable to no one. Let the Legislature decree
that this untilled ground belong of right to the opera-
tive association, provided there be annually paid to the
present owners what they now derive the Let
the Legislature give to these fallow hands these equally
tallow tracts, and the two unproductive capitals will re.
sive by each other's ministration. This will be a means
of at one and the same time relieving misery and en-
riching the country. To avoid the reproach of' exag-
geration, we will suppose that but two-thirds of these
nine millions of hectares can be surrendered to the as-
sociation, and that the remaining third is either un-
cultivable or occupied by buildings, streams, canals,
&c. The woe k would be made possible by the crea-
non of agricultural colonies, which, spread all over
France, would constitute the basis of a single immense
organization, of which every poor workman would be a
member, without being personally a shareholder 'of the
property.
2. 'I'HE DEPOSIT —The advances requisite for this
establishment should be supplied by the State. Accord-
ing to our estimate, this sacrifice would amount to about
300,000,000 of francs, payable in four years, for by
the end of that time those colonies, while supporting a
large number of operatives would have begun to realise
a t refit, By the end of ten years the Government could
thence raise a positive tax of about 8,000,000, without
reckoning the natural increase of the indirect duties,