The Sun.
London, England, 1846-05-07 00:00:00

cently issued by Mr. Nelson, formerly Senior Assistant -
Surgeon of her Majesty's ship Crescent at Rio de Ja-
neiro. And what we the more especially prize in this
plea cei. !he black race is the uncompromising force of
its language atil the very evide:2t fact that the senti-
ments are all, as it were, superfices
nlustered together
upon
,a solid groundwork of experienoe. and reason.
There is likewise a characteristic about this production
which is exceedingly estimable in one of its cla:ss :--11 .
accurately grouped out, there is a certain logico syu
metry in its arrangement, by which the several idezis of
the writer are submitted to the reader in an agree-
able and natural sequence. From his declaration,
it appears that the Brazilian Government have, during
many part years, fostered a trade in human beings,
though such wrs a direct violation of their treaties with
this country, and by which treaty the complete suppres-
sion of the slave trade was stipulated. Accord-
ing to an official statement in the Journal do Com-
mercio, those treatises are declared to have ter-
minated on the 17th of last 3113rch ; a state-
ment, however, the authenticity of which both
we ourselves and the author of the " Remarks " would
wish to question. All the woes, multiple anzl excru-
ciating, endured by the African victims of the slave
trade are recounted by Mr. Nelson with a horrible par-
ticularity, from their first reception in the baracoon upon
the shores of their native country to their deliver-
ance into the hands of their permanent taskmasters
on the other side of the Atlantic. Enough to
sicken the most callous-hearted into a mingled, loathing,
and sympathy are these simple narratives of suffering.
Men, women, and children are huddled together for
months in dense crowds betwoen decks—no room to
move—no room to breath—the prey of a thirst the most
unappeasable of dyscntry the most wracking and
noisome, noisome, and of diseases in the eyes often followed by
total and irreparable blindness. These dialx42eal
tures of cruelty—a cruelty originating in a debasint; an!l
villainous lust for lucre—have been painted again a.na
again in colours of appropriate sombreness ; WIZ
never to our recollection have they stood out
from the pages with such a truthful air of wretched-
ness—" crying out for assistance, and there is
econ'or.mNic3elisognroaurngdue:s_thhee
none to help them, " as in this benebenevolentpamphluponan". Al
points out unit moreover,
upon
re-
markable and almost spontaneous fecundity of the soil
of Brazils in nutri • wills vegetation. In proof whereof
we quote the following:—
" The formidable obstacle which the hotness
at certain periods of the year, throws in theof the climate,
way
exertion, nature has in a great measure counteracted, by the
of manual
promptitude with which she causes eultizrationto flourish
under the smallest amount of toil. The majority of these
expensive and laborious undertakings, which the English
agriculturist must perform to insure an adequate return, are
here neither adopted nor even known. The land pa-ving been
cleared of its primary coat of wild vegetation, reqcires no
other care than to be annually broken by the hoe, in ort:.er to
yield, in many cases, a doubly-repeated harvest in the cow-se
of the year.
" Throughout the entire country, nature has been lavish of
her choicest stores. Trees of almost every intertropical
variety, many furnishing the costliest woods, others the most
delicious kinds of fruit. Plants, ,some prized for their beauty,
others esteemed for their medicinal yirtues, spring up indi-
genously in the more genial districts, and, with the variety
of their tints, clothe the hills, the valleys, and the margins
of the rivers, in the most enchanting verdt,:e. The legu-
minous and farinaceous productions of the veg;Zitable world
are nowhere more obedient to the call of the husba.ndman, or
more prolific of their refreshing and nutritive principk,s. The
mandioca and figon plants—answering to the corn and
potato of Great Britain—are easily reared, and afforci a
wholesome and palatable food for the lower orders of the
people. Rice and Indian corn add
ance, and cheapen, while they increase, the variety of the
necessaries of life."
With such a means of facile
agriculture, the lazy
Portuguese settlers mei.. h
for their purchase of droves of h
t e most universal reprobation,
human beings to per-
form labour which might readily
wise. When will this blot be managed other-
finally obliterated ? Not until almostthe human
. race be
impious farce
is forgotten, of a great nation assuming
Ca-
tholic freedom, with a slave population the
flag
of
beck, wearing th •
chains,_answering their
their bleeding under their
scourges.

PRECEDENTS OF CONVEYANCES, and
other Instruments relating to the Transfer of Land to
Railway Companies; with Introductory Mailer and
Explanatory Notes. By Henry Thyrwitt Freud, and
J. Hibbert Ware, Esgrs., Barristers at Law.
There are few shareholders in any railway companyf
or landowners within the kingdom, who will not be more
or less interested in the subject-matter of this work.
When so many Acts have recently passed through Par-
liament, the periods for the compulsory acquisition of
lands under which have not yerexpired, and when so
many new projects are before the Legislature, if be-
comes a matter of considerable importanee to the landed
proprietors in the neighbourhood of the sanctioned or
contemplated lines, to have the state of the law respect-
ing the acquisition of property by the several companies,
their extraordinary powers and privileges, and the
duties incumbent on them to perform in return, clearly
and simply stated in such a manner that the non-pro-
fessional reader, although wholly unacquainted
with law, may be enabled to form a sound judge-
ment of the manner • in which his property
is, or may be affected. In this point
of view this work will be found much more valuable
than its modest advertisement would infer, which states
that its sole object is to afford some assistance in the
preparation of the instruments, of more ordinary oc-
currence relating to the acquisition of lands in England,
Wales, or Ireland, for railway purposes. With Scot-
land it does not purport to have any concern, the com-
panies in that country being regulated by wholly distinct
statutes. Up to the year 1845, the powers conferred, end
the restrictions imposed, on each railway or other
Joint-stock Company, were expressed at full length in
the special Act of Parliament, by which that company
was incorporated. Much expense and inconvenience
was therefore occasioned, by the necessity of inserting
in each Act a multitude of ordinary clauses, all of whion
would equally suit the circumstances of every other
company. And also, because, although the matter was
similar in its import, yet as considerable differences oc-
curred in the language and phraseology of the clauses of
the various Acts, a greater liability to litigation
existed whenever the meaning of any particular
enactment was the subject of discussion, and
in many instances cases would necessarily have been
brought before the courts for the purpose of obtaining
a .judiciakinterpretation. In order to remedy these evils
three measures, of considerable importance, were brought
forward by Government, in the early part of last session
of Parliament, by which the greater part of the com-
panies sanctioned during that session, and all which may
be passed during the present year, or at any time here-
after, will be regulated, save so far as they have been
altered or varied by express enactment in the special Act.
These statutes are respectively termed-
-Ist. The Companies Clauses Consolidation Act.
2d. The Lands Clauses Consolidation Act.
3d. The Railway Clauses Consolidation Act.
The second of these Acts more immediately relates
to the acquisition of land for railway purposes, and it is
therefore given at full length, with clearly arranged and
able notes on the several sections explanatory of the
provisions contained therein, and containing references
to different cases which have already been decided, and
by which the interpretation of the clauses may probably
be affected, or their necessity was occasioned. These,
of course, will be chiefly valuable to the professional
reader, who will find much research exhibited, and
sound judgment displayed by the learned compiler
therein. A knowledge of the provisions of the other
statutes is, however, very necessary, and a most
i.rc
excel-
lent compendium of their provisions is given,
of
which the layman can acquire a
placed before him. The first o.
were
these enactments ; much more so,
thanee them-
selves?lithfethAescetsllrelating to the dis-
tribution .
be closely studied by every person holding, should
rshares, their transfer
tersitbeudtiionnshoafres
thein acnyapeitoamlpaninyt'o,
and transmission ; the payment of calls, the means of
enforcing such payment, and the forfeiture of shares for
non-payment, the remedies of creditorson money
;h
t oef the
conversionc o m p company,
yo
and the mode of borrowing m
f
loans into capital, and consolidation of stock into shares;
holdthe
egresr
thr ael
amppeoeintinungse,ntaannddrriogtahttioonf
svooftthinrgecbtoyrss,hthareeir-
powers, proceedings, and liabilities ; the appointment and
duties of auditors, the accountability of the officers of the
company, the keeping accounts, and the right of inspection
thereof, the making of dividends and, of bye-laws, the
settlement of disputes by arbitration, the giving of no-
tices, the proof of debts in bankruptcy and tender of
awards, the recovery of damages not specially provided
for, and penalties, and the provisions to be made for
affording access to the special Act by all parties inte-
rested, are all clearly and distinctly set forth, so that any
person can at once acquaint himself with his rights and
privileges, his duties and liabilities.
The third statute relates to the construction of
the railway and the works connected therewith,
together with the powers of the company in re-
ference thereto, and their restrictions and liabi-
lities—the compensation they must make, whether
pecuniary or by the construction of other works—for
the accommodation of adjacent lands—the serving of
notices—the making of bye-laws--regulating the use of
the railway—the carrying of passengers and goods—
and other points respecting the enjoyment and
use of the railway when constructed. The precedents,
which are arranged under the following heads, viz.:—
freeholds, copyholds, common or waste lands, lands in
mortgage, rent charges, lands in lease, nominations of
surveyors, valuations of! surveyors, and nominations of
trustees to receive compensation; arbitration;
statedtobe
pro-
ceedings and miscellaneous instruments are
came into ; railway Acts,
adaptations of drafts framed under different
passed before the ConsolidationA Acts
every subject
opera-
tion, and appear to us to comprise
requires the aid of the convey..
likely to come before,
ance.
the acts and notes, the other to the forms
The work also cos:bland' two full and comprehensive
indices.
by which point can at once be obtained
oesnfeeeywhich is so well known to the legal
wtooarnk):deficient therein is looked on
the great
asP nextigrtaoOeavairnureetshueraleeertss ; no matter how valuable it may be
in other respects. On the whole the task has been moat
abl performed by the learned gentlemen whol under-
took it, and we feel convinced that an early demand for
other editions will at the same time afford a handsome
profit, and enable them to enlighten the public with the
additional experience to be derived from the cases every
day occurring, and of which we can venture to prophecy
the best use will be made by Messrs. Freud and Ware.

ACCIDENT AT HIINGERFORD Plan.—Yesterday after-
noon, between the hours of one and two, an accident of, a frightild
character occurred on board the Citizen steamer " D," which bad
just started from llungerford Pier towards the City, when it wag
found that William Blake, aged 22, one of the stokers, had by some
means got jammed in the machinery, and had it not been for the
immediate assistance rendered him would inevitably have beeit
crashed to death. The poor fellow was taken to the Charing-cross
Hospital, where it was ascertained that he had fractured both arms,
that
tdeams sustaining
amputation
must
ter
beresorted to.k
extensive injmuriie: mirtun
d itoWasacto:tteisd
waled, and 1411114 AZUIPitIViti CllO4O.