The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-27 00:00:00

MONUMENT TO MOZART.

Mozart—whom Haydn reverenced for his ex-
traordinary powers, and whom Burney looked
upon as the greatest leader of the modern school
—has lain in the grave for a period of fifty years,
and yet the whole of Germany has not, in any
instance, awarded a monument to his memory.
The author of " La Clemenza di Tito," the " Ido-
meneo," the " Nozze di Figaro," and a host of
other exquisite productions has only been re-
membered in the airs and melodies of his own
creation, which have been warbled since his
death in the halls and chambers of the Continent.

Haydn, in respect of a monumental memorial,
has been much happier than Mozart, for in the
very town that gave birth to the latter, the chief
attraction to strangers is the monument erected
to Michael in the splendid church of Salzbourg.
While Mozart sleeps unforgotten, without a relic
to his remembrance, Michael Haydn lies buried
at the foot of the noble steps leading up from St.
Rupert's Cathedral to the chapel and cell of St.
Maximus; his heart, inclosed in a black marble
urn, is placed on a monument erected to him in
the neighbouring church of the Benedictines,
while the moss-covered rock, supportive of this
urn, is scattered about with a number of white
marble tablets, on each of which is inscribed the
first words of his most admired compositions.
A traveller who visited Salzbourg in 1836,
says, " in one of the principal streets of this town,'
nearly opposite to the University Church, is the
house in which Mozart was born in the year
1756, but as yet no inscription, bust, or other
memorial of this great man draws the eye of the
passenger upon it. This house has through it a
communieation, in the Salzbourg fashion, between
the Place de l'Universite and the Getraidgasse."
" Salzbourg," continues the same writer, " woald
do herself honour by erecting some public me-
morial to this immortal composer. She is happy
in having her name united both with his and
that of Michael Haydn. The latter was born in
Vienna, and died at Salzbourg. Mozart was
born at Salzbourg and died at Vienna."
Indeed, it is an almost unaccountable fact that
while the Viennese are notoriously fond of statues
and monuments, so that of the more open places
about the city, there is not one which has not its
monument, statue, or other marble erection in
the centre, nothing of the kind has been dedi-
cated to this great musician's memory, while
scores of inferior men and less notable persons
have been so honoured abundantly in this way.
It was at Vienna that, so early as his sixth
year, his father took him, along with his young
sister Maria Anna, and where the little artist
was introduced at the Emperor's Court. It was
at Vienna that first the unequalled execution of
this precocious child first excited such universalsurprise. At Vienna it was that his little violin
was given him, which he afterwards played with
so brilliant a beginning that had not the piano
occupied his attention the more, his fine hand
and execution upon this former instrument might
have been fully equal to his performance on the
latter.
' but with an
Paris, Englund, the Hague, and Salzbourg, all
ainpptlata penchanttorturns,soiiglii.otry which appears to
him,
have been as strongly reciprocated by the people
of that capital, Mozart again, in 1768, returned
to Vienna. He no sooner arrived than the Court
took him under its protection, and the Emperor
Joseph commissioned him to write his excellent
La Pinta Semplice. Here he made Hasse, the
master of the royal chapel, his best friend, and
the mass which he composed, and the concert of
trumpets which he led in presence of the Impe-
rial House, stamped him—a boy of only twelve
years old—as a wonder Vienna had
not before
seen.

Rome and Naples,
again drew him abroad, but again at the age of
twenty-four, the E called him to Vienna,
Em
as his fame grew greater,
and after
Salzbourg
composing those brilliant productions
which have surrounded his name with so eminent
a lustre, he died in this, his adopted city, in 1791.
the place of the musician's
birth, is a beautiful city, situated beside the clear-
flowing waters of the river Salz. Lying about
sixty-three miles south-east of Munich, it stands
where stood the Roman Juvavia, and is a place
of more pure and untouched antiquity than any
to be met with in Germany. The most striking
feature of the place is its romantic situation amidst
high mountains. The citadel stands in a bold
and commanding situation, and one of the gate-
ways is cut rough a solid rock f vast depth and
altitude. Su th
ch was the cradle ion
which Mozart
wasA born.
ustria, however, has at last determined—a
determination which, though too long delayed,
is nevertheless to be hailed with joy—to erect a
monument to his memory. But even upon the
preparatory measures taken for its erection, the
blameable forgetfulness which has passed over
his name, transpired a few days since in the fol-
lowing fact, at a time when it was made a ques-
tion as to the spot where this monument should
be reared. The Cemetery of St. Maximilian, in
the Austrian capital, was the place selected, it
having been known for certain that there he had
been interred.
Application was accordingly made by the Mi-
nister of the Interior to his widow, to know where
his grave was situated. lice reply was that she
could not tell, that when he died his body was
taken to the Ce:netery, according to the mode
then adopted for simple citizens, without any
persons accompanying it as mourners ; that she
had quitted Vienna immediatelyur after, and
effortsaann dd h o
layat d
been '2;2 years absent, and that e
discover the exact spot where her 1b
had been fruitless.

A t lengtl►, then, the place for its erection has
beau made almost by hazard, and the Austrian
Government, at a loss to discover where the body
of the great m►►sician lies; has decided that the
monument shall be erected as near the probable
spot as can be conjectured.

A RARE FAT Ox.—On Saturday se'nnight a
fine fat ox, rising four years old, belonging to the Earl of
Zetland, and bred by that Nobleman' was placed on the
-achine at Richmond, and weighed 177 stone.—Bl'il
C r
itak, er tse

MORNING SUN

HE SHIPS EREBUS and TERROR,

Extracts of a Despatch from Captain James Ross, of her
Majesty's ship Erebus, dated Van Diemen's Land,
April 7, 1841, and addressed to the Secretary of the
Admiralty :
I have the honour to acquaint you with the arrival of
her Majesty's ship under my command, and the Terror,
under my orders, this afternoon at this port.
I have further to report to you, for the information of
my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, that in ac-
cordance with the intentions expressed in my despatch
to you, dated from Hobart Town on the 11th of Nov.
last, I proceeded to Auckland Islands, and satisfactorily
accomplished a complete series of magnotemetric ob-
serrations on the important term-day of November last.
Under ail the circumstances, it appeared to me that it
would conduce more to the advancement of that branch of
science for which the expedition has been more expressly
sent forth, as well as for the extension of our geo-
graphical knowledge of the Antarctic regions, to en-
deavour to penetrate to the southward, or about the
170th degree of east longitude, by which the isodynamic
oval, and the point exactly between the two foci of
greater magnetic intensity, might be passed over and
determined, and directly between the tracks of the Rus-
sian navigator Bellinghausen and our own Capt. James
Cook; and after entering the Antarctic Circle, to steer
S. W. towards the Pole, rather than attempt to approach
it directly from the north, on the unsuccessful footsteps
of my predecessors.
Accordingly, on leaving Auckland Islands on the 12th
December, we proceeded to the southward, touching for
a few days at Campbell Island for magnetic purposes ;
and, alter passing among many icebergs to the southward
of 63 deg. latitude, we made the Pack Edge, and entered
the Antarctic Circle on the' Ist clay of January, 1841.
This Pack presented none of those formidable charac-
ters which I had been led to expect from the accounts
of the Americans and French ; but the circumstances
were sufficiently unfavourable to deter me from entering
it at this time, and a gale from the northward inter-
rupted our operations for three or four days. On the
sth January we again made the Pack, about 100 miles
to the eastward, in latitude 66 deg. 45 min. south, and
longitute 174 deg. 16 min. east, and although the wind
was blowing directly on it, with a high sea running, we
succeeded in entering in it without either of the ships
sustaining any injury, and, after penetrating a few
miles, we were enabled to make our way to the south-
ward with comparative ease and safety.
On the following three or four days our progress was
rendered more difficult and tedious by thick fogs, light
winds, a heavy swell, and almost constant snow show-
ers ; but a strong water-sky to the S.E., which was seen
at every interval of clear weather, encouraged us to per-
severe in that direction, and on the morning of the 9th,
after !tailing more than 200 miles through this pack, we
gained a perfectly clear sea, and bore away S.W. towards
the Magnetic Pole.
On the morning of the 11th January, when in latitude
70 deg.. 41 min. South, and longitude 172 deg. 36 min.,
land was discovered at the distance, as it afterwards
proved, of nearly 100 miles, directly in the course we
were steering, and therefore directly between us and
the Pole.
Although this circumstance was viewed at the time
with considerable regret, as being likely to defeat one of
the more important objects of the expedition, yet it re-
stored to England the honour of the discovery of the
southernmost known land, which had been nobly won,
and fir more than twenty years possessed, by Russia.
Continuing our course towards this land for many
hours, we seemed scarcely to approach it. It rose in
lofty mountain peaks of from J,OOO to 12,000 feet in
height, perfectly covered with eternal snow; the glaciers
that descended from near the mountain summits, pro-
jected many miles into the ocean, and presented a per-
pendicular face of lofty cliffs. As we neared the land,
some exposed patches of rock appeared, and steering to-
wards a small bay, for the purpose of effecting a land-
ing, we found the shore so thickly lined for some miles
witn bergs and pack-ice, and with a heavy swell dash-
ing against it, we were obliged to abandon our purpose
and steer towards a more promising looking point to the
S.E., off which we observed several small islands ; and
on the morning of the 12th I landed, accompanied by
Commander Crozier and a number of the officers of each
ship, and, took possession of the country in the name of
her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria.
The island on which we landed is composed wholly of
igneous rocks, numerous specimens of which, with other
imbedded minerals, were procured. It is in latitude
71 deg. 56 min. S., and longitude 171 deg. 7 min. E.
Observing that the east coast of the mainland tended
to the southward, whilst the north shore took a N.W.
direction, I was led to hope that, by penetrating to the
south as far as practicable, it might be possible to pass
beyond the Magnetic Pole, which our combined obser-
vations placed in 76 deg. S. nearly, and thence, by steer-
ing westward, complete its circumnavigation. We ac-
cordingly pursued our course along this magnificent land,
and Ott the 23d January we reached 74 deg. 15 min. S.,
the highest southern latitude that had ever been attained
by any preceding navigators, and that by our own coun-
tryman, Captain James Weddell.
Although greatly impeded by strong southerly gales,
thick fogs, and constant snow-storms, we continued the
examination of the coast to the southward, and on the
27th we again landed on an island in latitude 76 deg.
8 ruin. S., 168 deg. 12 min. E., composed, as on the for-
mer occasion, entirely of igneous rocks.
Still steering to the southward, early the next morn-
ing, the 28th, a mountain of 12,400 feet above the level
of the sea was seen, emitting flame and smoke in splendid
-profusion. This magnificent volcano received the name
of Mount Erebus. It is in latitude 77 deg. 32 min. S.,
andlongitude 167 deg. E.; an extinct crater to the east-
ward of Mount Erebus, of a somewhat less elevation, was
called Mount Terror. The mainland preserved its
southerly tending, and we continued to follow it, until,
in the afternoon, when close in with the land, our farther
progress in that direction was prevented by a barrier of
ice stretching away from a projecting cape of the coast
directly to the E.S.E.
This extraordinary barrier presented a perpendicular
face of at least 150 feet, rising, of course, far above the
mast-heads of our ships, and completely concealing from
our view everything beyond it, except only the tops of a
range of very lofty mountains in a S.S.E. direction, and
in latitude 79 deg. S.
Pursuing the examination of this splendid barrier' to
the eastward, we reached the latitude of 78 deg. 4 min.
S., the highest we were at any time able to attain, on the
2d February, and on the 9th, having traced its continuity
to the longitude of 191 deg. 23 min. in latitude 78 deg.
S., a distance of more than 300 miles, our farther pro-
gress was prevented by a heavy pack, pressed closely
against the barrier; and the narrow lane of water by
means of which we had penetrated thus far, became so
completely covered by rapidly forming ice, that nothing
but the strong breeze with which we were favoured
enabled us to retrace our steps.
When at a distance of less than half a mile from its
lofty icy cliffs, we had soundings with 318 fathoms, on
a bed of soft blue mud.
With a temperature of 20 deg. below the freezing
point, we found the ice to form so rapidly on the sur-
face, that any farther examination of the barrier in so
extremely severe a period of the season being impracti-
cable, we stood away to the westward, for the purpose
of making another attempt to approach the Magnetic
Pole, and again reached its latitude (76 deg. S.) on the
15th February; and although we found that much of the
heavy ice had drifted away since our former attempt,
and its place in a great measure supplied by recently
formed ice, yet we made some way through it, and got a
few miles nearer the Pole than we had before been able
to accomplish, when the heavy pack again frustrated all
our efforts, completely filling the space of 15 or 16 miles
between us and the shore. We were this time in latitude
76 deg. 12 min. S., and longitude 164 deg., the dip being
88.40, and variation 109.24 E. We were, of course, only
160 miles from the Pole.
Had it been possible to approach any part of this
coast, and have found any place of security for the ships,
we might have travelled this short distance over the land;
but this proved to be utterly impracticable ; and although
our hopes of complete attainment have not been realized,
it is some satisfactiono_ to feel assured that we have ap-
proached the
P I e more nearly, by some hundred miles,
than any of
our predecessors ; and from the multitude
of observations that have been made in both ships, and
in so many dierent directions from it, its position can
be determined ffwith nearly as much accuracy as if we
had actually reached the spot itself.
It had ever been an object of anxious desire with us
to find a harbour for the ships, so as to enable us to
make eimultapeous observations with the numeropuosrtaoubt-
wohther
e
er
.servatories that would be at work on the im
term-day of the 28th of February, as_ well f.
,„other
as ,„
scientific purposes ; but every part of the coast
indentations appeared, and where harhonnj
thther shores
usually occur, we found so perfectly tilled.wi h perennial
ice, of many hundred feet in thickness, that all our en-
deavours to find a place of shelter for our vessels were
quite unavailing. •
to me
Having now completed all that it appeared
possible to accomplish in so high a latitude, and at so
advanced a period of the season, and desirous to obtain
as much information as possible of the extent and form
of the coast we had discovered, as also to guide in some
measure our future operations, I bore away, on the 18th
February, for the north part of this land, and which, by
favour of a strong southerly gale, we reached on the
morning of the 21st.
We ag. ain endeavoured to effect a landing on this part
of the coast, and were again defeated in our attempt by
the heavy pack, which extended for many miles from
the shore, and rendered it impossible.
For several days we continued to examine the coast
to the westward, tracing the pack-edge along, until, on
the 23th February, we found the land abruptly to ter-
minate in latitude 70 deg. 40 min. S., and longitude 165
dog. E., tootling considerably to the southward of west.
anti presenting to our view an immense space occupied by
a (tense pack, now so firmly cemented together by the
newly•forrned ice, and so covered by recent snow, as to
twesent the aepearance of one unbroken mass, and defy-
iiir evry attempt to penetrate it.
The great southern land we have discovered, whose
continuity we have traced from nearly the 70th to the
7°-1,1 degree of latitude, I am desirous to distinguish by
the name of our Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria.
Followitig the edge of the pack to the N.W. as Wea-
ther Permitted; vrc found it to occupy the whole space
between the chore of the great southern land and
the chain of elands lying near the Antarctic Circle,
first discovered byl3alleny in 1839, and more extensively
explored by the American and French expeditions in the
following year.
Continuing our course to the westward, we approached
the place where Professor Gauss supposed the Magnetic
Yale to be, and having obtained all the observations that
were necessary to prove the inaccuracy of that supposi-
tion, we devoted some days to the investigation of the
line of no variation ; and having completed a series of
observations, by which the isodynamic lines and point
of greater magnetic intensity may be determined, and
which I had left incomplete last year, I bore away on
c, • ttli of :April fur this port.
ohart, showing more plainly the discoverit',s 1024

track of the expedition, is herewith transmitted ; and a
more detailed plan, containing all magnetic determina-
tion, shall be sent as soon as they are reduced.

I have much satisfaction in being able to add that the
service has been accomplished without the occurrence
of any casualty, calamity, or disease of any kind, and
there is not a single individual in either of the ships on
the sick list.

It affords me the highest gratification to acquaint you,
that I have received the most cordial and efficient co-
operation from my well-tried friend and colleague Com-
mander Crozier, of the Terror, and no terms of admira-
tion that I can employ can do justice to his great merit;
nor have the zeal and persevering devotion of the offi-
cers of both ships been less conspicuous, under circum-
stances of no ordinary trial and difficulty ; and whilst
the conduct of our crews has been such as to reflect the
highest honour on their characters as British sailors, it
has given to myself, Commander Crozier, and the officers
of the expedition, the most confident assurance of more
extended success in pursuing the important duties we
have yet to fulfil.

IRELAND.
TRADE IN IRELAND.
DcBLIN, DEC. 22.—There is, unfortunately, very little
of manufacturing industry in this country ; but limited
as are our sources of employment in that way, the pre-
sent depression is felt very severely. Within the last
week a cotton printing factory, in the suburbs of this
city, has altogether stopped working, and 150 persons
who had constant and remunerative employment, have
been discharged, at a season of unparalleled distress
amongst the poor.
At a recent meeting of the manufacturers of the pro-
vince of -Ulster, held in Belfast, very deplorable accounts
were given of the depressed condition of the linen trade,
which forms the great staple of industry in the northern
counties. The Londonderry Journal, after a diligent inquiry
in the counties of Derry and Tyrone, states that the distress
is really much more extensive than had been represented at
that meeting. Everywhere (says that journal) the people
are convinced that their distress proceeds " from that re-
strictive policy of foreign States which has been recom-
mended to, and in a manner forced upon them, by our
own vicious example ; and further, that it is only by our
ceasing to exhibit the example that we can expect any
abatement of their imitative system."
The Londonderry Journal adds that the general failure
of the potato crop, to the extent of one-third, will greatly
aggravate the distress produced by want of employment.
CORN-LAWS.—A meeting, on a very large scale, will
be held in the Rotunda to-morrow evening, to consider
the ruinous effects of the Corn-laws. The Lord Mayor.
it is said, will preside. Mr. Cobden, M.P., is expected
to attend. •

NEW CORPORATION OF LONDONDERRY.
On Monday the election for the new Town Council
took place, and the Reformers obtained a considerable
majority. The Tories and Orangemen in this " ancient
Protestant City" made a bold fight, but they were sig-
nally defeated.