The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-07 00:00:00

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 31st ult. have arrived.
The Gaceta contains decrees appointing Senor
PIDAL to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the
Duke DE SOTOMAYOR to the Embassy of Paris. It
also publishes a certificate by the QUEEN'S Physicians
to the effect that she positively had a miscarriage,.
after having been enceinte for two months.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday
and yesterday.
The two great subjects which at present occupy
the attention of the French capital are, first, the an-
nouncement, by M. GOUDCHAUX, when he withdrew
his Mortgage-tax Bill, of his intention to introduce
forthwith a measure for imposing a general income-
tax, and secondly, the question of intervention in the
affairs of Italy. On the former of these questions
we find the following in the Constitutionnel:—
"M. Goudchaux, in withdrawing his decree on the
mortgage credits, announced that he will present, in the
course of a few days, a Bill fur the establishment of a
new tax on revenue. He added, that it was a notice
which he thought right to give them, in order to con-
vince the majority of the Assembly which bad supported
him in the last sitting but one, that Le did not abandon
Iris measures. We ask pardon of the Minister of
Finance, but he seems to us to confuse matters ;
those who rejected the measures proposed under the form
of a tax on mortgage credits did not declare against the
establishment 01 a tax on revenues, and M. Goudchaux
ought not to have caused it to be understood that th, new
measure would necessarily have for adversaries those
who combatted the measure which has just, succutnord.
M. Thiera showed, on the contrary, in opposing the
tax on mortgage credits, that it was essentially distinct
from the tax on revenues; that far from preparing and
' leading to it, it was precisely the negation of it, since
it its reality constituted a tax on capital; that whilst the
tux on mortgage credits had the double inconvenience
of falling on the holiest capitalist, and of causing a rise
in the state of interest, the tax on revenues, by the
simple reason that it addressed itself to all revenues,
had the double advantage of weighing equitably on all
fortunes, and of not acting on the price of capital.
The proposition of a tax on revenue requires to be ex-
amined with attention—not that it raises grave objec-
tions, those which result, for example from the diffi-
culty of knowing the situation and all the fortune of
each individual; but it is a proposition which ought to
be taken into serious consideration, and, for our part,
we will study in an impartial manner and with the best
dispositions, the measure announced to us by M. Goud-
chaux."

The state of affairs in Italy was the subject of much
and anxious deliberation at a Cabinet Council which
was held on Saturday. The result of that delibera-
tion may be gathered from the following, which ape
pears in the National of yesterday :
" Although the news from Italy to day is bad, we do
not lose the hope of seeing the independence of that
country come triumphant out of the struggle, without
an armed intervention by France. We know what just
susceptibilities the presence of a foreign army, however
friendly, awakens in a people; we respect the sentiment
now as we have ever dune, and we should be moat happy
to see Italy owe her deliverance to herself alone. France
has her eye on Lombardy. The defeat of the Sardinian
army creates duties for us. Our Government will know
how to fulfil them. Let republican France, strung in
her disinterestedness, speak—she has a right to be heard.
Austria will comprehend that the more we have shown
the desire of keeping off the entry of our troops, the more
energetic will be our action if we be compelled to draw
the sword. Italian independence is henceforward a
settled fact (an fait acquis). Austria would show her
wisdom in accepting it with a good grace. The media-
tion offered by France will not surely be repelled by an
enlightened Government, for by so doing it would assume
upon its head, in the presence of Europe, a grave respon-
sibility. Who can tell where events would stop after
the first cannon be fired ? These are sacrifices sug-
gested by interest as much as by justice. I.aly is lost
for ever to Austria: why should she obstinately oppose
this inevitable fact, and compromise, by a esti, ss resist-
ance, what remains to her, and which might escape from
her grasp if she doe' not decide to yield while yet there
is time?"
The Union says—
" The missions of the two Italian envoys to the
French Government are essentially different. M.
Guerreri, from the Government at Milan, applies for an
immediate intervt ration, while M. Ricci requires only
that the principle of intervention should be admitted,
and that a French army shall pass the Alps only when
King Charles Albert snail no longer be able to resist a
new shock with the forces ut his disposal. The answers
of General Cavaignac to both have been full of reserve;
remarking to them that the Italian question, being of
a nature to bring on a very long war, required very
mature reflection. In consequence of his conferences
with them, a Council of Ministers has been held, at
which it was resolved that two of the regiments en-
camped at St. Maur should march for the frontier -of
the Alps. This resolution was yesterday morning
begun to be carried into execution. It dues not, how-
ever, in any degree prove that the Government
proposes to intervene. The departure of a few troops
under such circumstances cannot be considered as any-
thing more than a measure of precaution. The Italian
question would become complicated were it true, as has
been stated, that the government of Milan has decided to
declare itself against Charles Albert, and proclaim a
Republic. It is said that the regiments from the camp
at St. Maur are to be immediately replaced, in order
that the effective military force for preserving order in
Paris and its environs may not be reduced."
The account of the marching of troops from St.
Maur for the frontier is confirmed by the Commerce.
The Journal des Debuts suggests a joint mediation
by France and England, and the following from the
Courrier Francais tends certainly to induce a belief
that the mediation of England has been requested.
The Courrier Francais says—
"Au envoy from the Austrian Government, M. de
Schnitzer, hus arrived in Paris, on his way to London.
His presence here has given rise to numerous supposi-
tions. To understand these, we must refer to certain
facts, which, perhaps. the public has not paid sufficient
attention to. Three months ago M. de Schnitzer went to
the head-quarters of King Charles Albert, to make
proposals tor an arrangement. His offers were not ac-
cepted. Two months after he renewed his proposals,
and demanded, as the basis of an arrangement the
abandonment to Austria of that part of Italy which lies
to the east of the Adige. We do no not know what
answer King Charles Albert gave to M. de Schnitzer,
but it is certain that the conferences between the Aus-
trian Envoy and the Councillors of the King were both
numerous and prolonged. Now, the Austrian Envoy is
going to London. The late events in Italy give a pe-
culiar interest to this mission. Reports have been cir-
culated that England, having offered to Austria her me-
diation in the affairs of Italy, Austria, notwithstanding
the late successes of Marshal Radetzky, has consented to
this arrangement, on the bases proposed by M. de
Schnitzer."

The Bien Public advocates armed intervention,
while the Commerce, in noticing the reports in circu-
lation, says—

" We still hope that the Executive Government,
before taking the perilous step of crossing the Alps, will
consult the National Assembly ; and that the Assem•
bly in its turn will consult public opinion, the state of
our finances, our veritable interests, and those of civili-
sation."

The French Government seems to be daily conso-
lidating: itself,and.Paris is gradually re-assuming its
.wontedgaieties. " On Friday, M. IllanatAsr, Presi-
dent of the National Assembly, gave a magnificent
fete at his official residence, the following account of
which appears in the Constitutionnel :
" At nine o'clock the magnificent hotel of the Presi-
dency- invaded by an, anxious crowd presented a spec-
tacle which had riot been suen since 24th February.
Crosies and decorations shone om breiwii, ribbon 6 were

displayed in button-holes ; ladies in gauze and lace, and
perfumed—a beautiful race, which was believed to have
been lost, were found agitating the fan and smelling the
bouquet of newly-blown flowers. The Parisieune, that

is to say, grace, smiles, and elegance, did not p,rish any
more than Paris. The salons, ei splendid richness and
taste, glittered with sparklino• lustros ; the gold of the
walls arid ceilings and ;tie fresh paintings dazzled
everywhere; flowers and shrubs covered the staircases
and vestibules. This delightful hotel, commenced und. r
the royalty of Louis Philippe, with all the luxury of
pure monarchies, was destined to be—who would have
believed it?—inaugurated by the Republic; one would
have said it was destined to Louis my. or the Regent,
and it serves as a residence to the PreSident of the As•
sembly born on the 24th of February. However, the
Republicans of the veille were not more embarrassed
with these monarchical decorations than the Republicans
of the lendemain ; they very philosophically reconciled
themselves to them, and we may suppose, without too
much audacity, that the tenants of the lendemain find
that the palaces of the veille suit them admirably. From
a spirit of conciliation, fraternity, and harmony which
deserves praise, M. Armand Marrast invited men of all
parties and shades of opinion to this brilliant soirée. The
principal part of the gathering naturally consisted of the
Chamber of Representatives; the Niontagne elbowed the
Plaine; the Provisional Government jostled M. Dupin
nine and M. Duvergier de Hauraune. Literature, arts,
the National Guard, the Academy, our intrepid army,
had also their euvoys, without forge:ting the garde mobile;
and it was not the least curious and least significative
spectacle to see these children of the people, recently
decorated fur their bravery, mixed up with the brilliant
crowd, besieging the buffets, expediting ices, and devour-
ing cakes under the fire of chandeliers with the same
sang froid that they attacked the criminal iesurrection
of the 24th of June under the fire of the barricades.
The guests sought out the men who had made th, mselves
a name and played a part in these last six months, which
have been more fertile in events than years. General
Cavaignac especially attracted all looks ; every one, in
his resolved, intelligent, and honest physionomy, in
which iutrepidity is united to a cast of melancholy,
sought and endeavoured to divine the secret and last
word of the future. General Cavaignac wore a simple
black coat, and the ribbon of Commander of the Legion
of Honour round his neck. lie conversed for a long
time with the Ambassador of England, Lord Normanby.
M. Armond Marrast exercised this first republican hos-
pitality with good grace and taste. The republicans
who do not lute Athens will accuse him without doubt ;
for ourselves, we willingly congratulate him on this
Attic penchant, even should it be a pretext of accusation
and reproach against him and we will confess that we
prefer the Republic which circulates gold among the
people by fetes, to that which dries it up by insurrec-
tion, the Republic which softens the mind and disarms
passions by arts, to that which irritates and envenoms
them by hatred and envy, the Republic singing the airs
of Ro,sini to the Republic thundering murder and
pillage."

The Committee on the Constitution finished on
Friday its labours in common with the delegates of
the Bureaux. The majority of the Bureaux have
declared against Art. 109, interdicting substitutes in
the army. The Committee has now to prepare the
definitive wording of the draft which will then again
be brought before the Assembly.
The Committee on Primary Instruction has ter-
Iminated its general discussion on the principles of the
Bill submitted to it. It has adopted unanimously
liberty of instruction, and by a majority of twelve to
three the principle of obligation. Absolutely gratui-
tous instruction has not been admitted. A majority
of eight to seven has thought that, if poor children
ought to be admitted largely to the benefit of gra-
tuitous instruction, those who could pay ought not to
be relieved from the required retribution.
The Courrier de Icyou of Thursday last contains the
following :
" Our city was again the scene of some disorders last
evening, and which were of a rather serious character.
Abouveine o'clock in the evening crowds of persons be-
gan to assemble before the café where the previous riots
had taken place, and the windows of the house were very
speedily iletnolished. This mischief was effected so sud-
denly, that a post of military who were stationed at but
a very short distance from the place had not time to
prevent it. The mayor has issued a very strong procla-
mation, calling on the citizens to refrain from such acts
of violence, and threatening those who offend with the
utmost rigour of the law. The result of the rnunicipal
elections at the Croix Rousse are still the object of the
strictest investigation ; the most flagrant acts of illegality
in the arrangement of the voting lists have been already
detected. The protest has already been signed, calling
for the ballot to be annulled, which there is little doubt
will be done,"

The Constitutionnel of yesterday contradicts a
report which appeared in the Moniteur clu Soir, of
Friday, thnt an attempt had been made to assassinate
M. TIIIERS, and states that the report originated from
the fact of a young girl who was seated on the step
of that gentleman's house having been slightly
wounded by a ball, which, from no explosion having
been heard by the bystanders, must have proceeded
from an air-gun. The author of the accident has not
fat been discovered.

Six hundred of the insurgents of June were sent
off from Paris to Havre on Saturday night, for de-
portation.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, Alta. 5.
Boulogne and Amiens, 654—Northern of France, 514—
Rouen and Havre, 8.