The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-05 00:00:00

THIS EVENING, JAN. 5,

Will be represented a New Domestic Drama, entitled
MARTHA WILLIS, THE MAID SERVANT.
Martha Willis, Mrs. Henry Vining.
Supported by the entire strength of the Company,
After which will be repeated the Grand Traditionary Pantomime,
entitled

HARLEQUIN AND MY LADY LEE; OR, GOOSEY
GANDER AND Tilt SPELLBOUND GOSLINGS.
_ . . .

In which the unrivallod Artistes, tie Bolen° Family; 31r.
Southby, the Original Clown •' Miss Sharpe, Columbine ; and
the ast(onishing Gyrynastioue, Signior Felix Carlo, from Fran-
coui's, at PariF, will perform : concluding with Brunning's
Grand Dioramic Synopsis of Syria.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS AY.
minutes after 11 I Evening ) minutes after 6.

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LONDON:
TUESDAY, JANUARY 5, IE4I.

Some of our Contemporaries exult very much
at the extinction of Chartism, and the quietness
of the people. If such were the fact, and
we have before us evidence in Chartist meetings
and publications that it is not, we should
regard it as more significant of ruin than pros;
pc:ity. The worst state of the public mind is
political apathy. It is generally followed by social
atrophy, and is a disease much more to be dreaded
than political discontent. Down-trodden as are the
bulk of the people, living under laws made only to
scourge, and rarely or never to protect them, plun-
dered on all hands in the name of the law by those
who pretend to be their friends and benefactors,
made to bear all the evils of society, and denied
mo-,t of its advantav s, if they were to be continu-
ously passive and contented under such injustice
they would consecrate the system by their sanction,
give it permaner.t life, and ensure at no distant day
the decay of the empire.
The results of political agitation and political
apathy, as we may trace them in the United
States and in Italy, are worth a moment's attention,
in reference to the contradictory views we have just

stated.
In the United States an election has just come
to an end, which has roused into activity
every full-grown man in the empire. The people,
we are told, have toiled as if their salvation de-
pended on the issue. They have called each other
all manner of hard names, and have worked them-
selves up to a pitch of violence amounting almost
to phrenty. No doubt, in their eagerness, they
have abused and calumniated each other in a very
unneighbourly manner, most offensive to drawing-
room patriots. The ordinary and customary
method of vilifying, what our Tories call the can-
naiiie, or the mob, or greasy artizans, is in
the United States somewhat changed, and there
being no canaille or mob in that country, the Bil-
lingsgate of party is plomiscuously and generally
shared. In Europe the upper classes, and the
Press of the upper classes, have long had, except
under temporary ebullitions of popular feeling, a
monopoly of this kind of language, and the bulk of
the people, degraded into slavery, have also been
contumeliously taunted with their misery. In the
United States this monopoly is destroyed. There
general equality dlftuags pretty
equally even the
power of abuse, and lan-
guns is now and then
of that
n addressed to the upper
classes, which in Europe is reserved for
Now
thispoo
r,
and almost exclusively applied to them
may be vary grating to aristocratiei l• v
, e:telartelnd-res:ubltutt
what in America is the concomitant
The society is unexampledly prosperous
unex-
sampledly tranquil. -Never before in the w
h the whole extent of the history never through
man_--if we except China, with the internal history of
of rhich we are not well acquainted—were there so
many as from four to fourteen millions of hurnan
beings in the same neighbourhood, who, for so long
a period as the inhabitants of the United States,
since their revolutionary war, have lived to-
gether in concord without worrying each other,
worrying their neighbours. We do not forge

the' year they were obliged to carry on against
Great' Britain, we do not overlook the irruption
0 • ion of them into Texas, nor their en-
the Indians ; but taking these into
*,-gxrAwaffirm,
4„ , top as the prosperity of th
7 t( .; lxita been unexampled, so have been
•
I /7

;

,heir internal tranquillity and oxternal peace. That
is the accompaniment, if not the result of political

agitation.
In the States of the Church, to take the example
of the most quiet people of Italy, and a people
completely controlled, as some amongst us wish
our people to be, by a Puseyite priesthood
and an arrogant aristocracy, there has
hardly been any political agitation amongst
1 them since the days of RIENZI. The French Revo-
-1 lotion roused them for a little while, but it was only
\to make them sleep afterwards the more soundly.
Their fields are accordingly like those of a slothful
man. T,l'e Government is undisturbed, the country
is neglected. hop elation makes no progress, agri-
culture no improvement. Navigation is. almost un-
heard of, though abe and navigable rivers
belong to the Papal States. The only arts which
flourish are sculpture, painting, music, architecture,
and others of the same kind, which contribute to
the enjoyments of the opulent or the purposes of
dtvotion. But even these seem now to fail and
fade, wanting that healthy support which is derived
from an increasing and prosperous population. The
people are civil and obsequious, all that our aristocracy
wish to make our people. They are a nation of
s,rvile artists and valets. Foreigners are received
with smiles and bows, and their money and their
custom are eagerly sought after. With an abundance
of smoothness, civility, and courtesy, neither pro-
' perty nor life is particularly safe. Assassination is
not unfrequent, and banditti flourish in companies,
making the roads unsafe, and setting the law at de-
fiance. Gentlemen and ladies are carried cfr to the
mountains, and must be ransomed ; vehicles are
are stopped and plundered on the highways, and
travellers are obliged to fight for their property and
their lives. If the active virtues slumber, villany
seems always awake. Such are the results of a
priestly paternal government, and of the people
being in a state of political apathy.
Is this the condition which our politica!
writers, enamoured of political quietness, wish
for England ? If the spirit of political agitation be
not kept alive, and the tyranny of the aristocracy
and the priesthood be permanently successful here
as in the Papal States, to that we shall come. Al-
ready there are numerous classes who prefer ease to
freedom. Our youth are growing up like Italian
boys, delighting in cigars, theatres, and music. The
arts, which mark a nation's decay rather than its
prosperity, sculpture, painting, architecture, are
successfully cultivated. Obsequiousness is recom-
mended, and rough, but honest language, such as
prevails in the United States, is stigmatized as the
greatest vice. While cupidity and Atheism pre-
vail amongst our upper classes as in Italy, here, as
there, a great hypocritical attachment for reli-
gion is assumed, and everything approaching
to free public discussion, is put down by pro-
secutions as blasphemous libels, or by the intol-
erance of the hypocrites. If our Government pur-
sue the same course as that of the Papal States,
were it to be successful, and were our lovers of quiet,
and the bayonet to attain their wishes, and put an
end to all political agitation, what could be expected
for England but the fate of the Papal States? The
ancient mistress of the world now owes much of

her remaining and little prosperity, much of her mo-
dern glitter to the annual visits of Germans, French,
and English, to study and admire the memorials of
her former greatness. Far off be the time when in like
manner the inhabitants of the United States shall
repair to London chiefly to study and admire, if
there be then anything left here for admiration, the
monuments of our departed greatness. But that

ime will come for our descendants, as it has come

for Rome, if our present system of ruthless oppres-
sion and ruthless plunder of industry in the honoured
names of law, government, and religion, shall be
consecrated and preserved by the perfect submis-
sion of the oppressed.

Our news yesterday from Walsall was good.
Mr. G. SMITH, the Chairman of the Anti-Corn-law
League, stands on the Liberal interest with every
prospect of success. Notwithstanding the tem-
porary alienation which may be caused in some of
LYTTELTON'S friends by his retirement, there
is not a single elector of Walsall favourable to the
Liberal cause, which includes a repeal of the Corn-
laws, who will not labour with all his heart and all
his soul to secure Mr. SNIITIeS return. Nor will
there be wanting on the part of the League any exer-
tion which can lead to success. A great cause
is at issue, the cause of freedom, for he is surely a
slave who cannot buy his bread where he pleases,
—the cause of honesty, for surely it is dishonest in
the owners of the soil, already secured an ample
maintenance without toil, most greedily to add to
their wealth by taxing the food of the poor, and the
cause of our country, the peace of which is endan-
gered by the continuance of such unrighteous legis-
ladon. If any elector, iii ignorance of what is
at stake, have been beguiled into promising his vote
to the immoral, iniquitous advocate of the bread-
tax, the duty he owes to his kindred and country-
men, the duty he owes to justice and to GOD, com-
mands him to withdraw such a promise and vote for
Mr. G. SmITII. This is not an ordinary contest •
between two individuals ; it is a contest between the
principle of right and wrong, of light and darkness,
of good and evil, and every honest man is bound not
only to vote, bt.t to exert himself to the utmost to
put down the wrong, in the person of Mr. GLAD-
STONE, and support the right in the person of Mr.
SmITII. Walsall will become a bye-word throughout
the whole of the manufacturing districts if it elect
a Corn-law advocate. The word Renegade will
be banished from our tongue, and the word Wal-
sailer substituted for it. " Base as a Walsaller" will
be, a proverb, if the borough now sells the cause
of honesty, of justice, and of the people to the
bread-taxing Tories.
Mr. GLADSTONE and his connections, the vast
gains of his family by slavery, the enormous tax
they levy annually on the people by the dis-
criminating duties on sugar, their attempt to revive
slavery in the persons of the Hill Coolies, must be
well known at Walsall, and to Mr. GLADSTONE'S
opponents. They, we are assured, will not allow
him to pass himself off on the borough for any
thing but what he is. The GLADSTONES are
amongst those persons for whose behoof at this
moment more than 2d. is levied on every pound of
sugar the people consume. The planters and the
landowners have a common interest, and make
common cause ; and no person can be surprised that
a GLADSTONE is the patron of slavery at home,
slavery abroad, and plunder, by means of law,
everywhere. In rejecting Mr. GLADSTONE the
electors of Walsall will give a heavy blow to the
tax on sugar, levied for the benefit of the Deme-
rara and other planters,aswtioelih
l as to the accursed
tax on the bread of the nation.

A report prevails that Lord HILL is to retire
from the Horse Guards. We are not surprised
at this, because the conduct of the Noble Lord in
the
ease of the Earl of CARDIGAN, has made his
retirement a matter of necessity. Though we
have recot
ded the instances which have latterly
come to light of
the Noble Earl's conduct, we
thought it wholly improper to make any remarks
on them, because
Lord HILL and the Horse
Guards had fully j
justified all the proceedings of the
Noble Earl, and taken all
his delinquencies on them-
selves. The Horse Guards encouraged back-hiling•
The Horse Guards approved of
officers writing to him
a Colonel issuing
public orders to prevent his

on private affairs. The Horse Guards eagerly seized
hold of the slight indiscretion such tyranny hurried
a younger officer into, organized a Court-martial,
and so dismissed him the service. For the honour
and for the future good discipline of the army—
that gentlemen may feel even commonly at their
ease, and safe from insidious, unmanly, misrepresen-
tations—it is necessary that those who have approved
of Lord CARDIGAN'S conduct should retire from
the Government of the army.
For Lord HILL, as a brave and good officer, who
while in command of a portion of the army, was
universally beloved, we entertain a very high respect;
but as the Commander-in-Chief he seems not to
have followed the dictates of his own good heart
and solid understanding. He has acted as if he
were not independent. By meaner and much less
worthy men he has apparently been made the in-
strument for corrupting the army to aristocratic pur-
poses. The same baneful influence which has predo-
minated in the Legislature, has cast its cold shade ova
the military, and the honoured name of Lord Hi L
has been the screen by which all popular rays have
been intercepted. It is no longer consistent with
our manners and ways of thinkina, to have the
aristocracy usurping all honour, and moulding all
our establishments to its views. The army is paid
by the whole nation for the common clefenee, and
it must not be converted, by such appointments A 4
that of Lord CARDIGAN, after he had been dis-
missed, and by such deference to his arbita' y pm-
ceedings a the Horse Guards have exhibited, into
a mere plaything or pension given for the aristo-
cracy. Lord HILL has lent his name to that
vicious system, till the abuses have become flagrant,
and therefore the report prevails that Loid HILL
is about to retire,

We direct the attention of our Protestant readers
to a letter, signed "An Anglo-Catholic." It is
written by a clergyman of the Established Church,
who candidly admits himself to be a Puseyite,
subscribes to " Bishop Sparrow's Rationale," from
which, on Tuesday, we gave lengthened extracts,
and who, as far a.; we can judge, is as staunch a
Roman Catholic as DANIEL O'CONltTglill) Qr th?
POPE himself. We neither nickname nor revile
our Correspondent, or any one of the sect, for his
conscientious belief ; we have no wish to convert
him, and least of all to persecute him, for any
doctrine he may entertain ; but we must be per-
mitted to enter our protest against the conduct of
those Churchmen who hold livings from which Ro-
man Catholics were ejected on account of their
faith, and who at the same time profess the same
faith under a different name. Between Puseyisin
and Popery there is but a step, and the Oxford
divines, according to their own account, look for-
ward to the day when they shall make that
step, and be received into the bosom of the
HOLY FATHER.. Two paragraphs in the letter
convey unexpected and joyful information. The
Puseyites, it appears, contemplate the expediency of
separating themselves from the State, and the prac-
tice of pastoral visiting has become common among
the clergy of the Established Church. The latter
circumstance is quite new to us, for though we
were aware that a certain portion attended to their
duties, we know, like our Correspondent, from ex-
tensive observation, that a vast proportion of the
English Clergy were more occupied in fox-hunting,
in canvassing at elections, in performing the duties
of laymen at the Quarter Sessions, and in making
violent political harangues at public dinners, than
in attending to the great duties to which they were
appointed—visiting the sick and the dying, and mi-
nistering to the wants of the needy and distressed.
The former circumstance, also; has something of no-
velty in it, and when accomplished, but not till then,
we will give credit to the new sect for disinterested
motives and sincere religious feelings. The candour
and kindly feelings with which our Correspondent
writes convince us that be is in earnest, but his open
defence of the new sect only adds to our conviction,
from other circumstances, that the Protestant faith
is in imminent danger, and that unless her MA-
JESTY, as Head of the Church, or the Houses of
Parliament interfere, the English Church will
shortly be brought into the dominion of the POPE
and his intriguing and worldly-minded Cardinals.

The Paris Papers of Friday and Saturday have
been duly received. The Moniteur of Saturday
is filled with the New Year's day Addresses, pre-
sented, according to immemorial usage, to the King
of the FRENCH. Copies of these addresses, and
the KING'S answers to them, will be found in
another part of The Sun. We find much to ad-
mire in the KING'S .answers to the Addresses of
the Chambers and the Diplomatic body. They
confirm all that we before heard of his MAJESTY'S
unalterable desire to maintain the peace of Europe.
" The real good of France," said the KING, ad-
dressing the Deputies, " does not consist in con-
quests, or in glory too dearly purchased at the price
of our blood and ow treasure. War should not be
undertaken except when the public interest renders
it a rigorous duty. At present we have the hole
that the long career of peace, which we have gone
through so honourably, will not be interrupted ;
but, on the contrary, will be continued, without the
country having anything to regret, either for its
honour or dignity. It will always have reason to
be proud of having preserved mankind from the
dangers and evils of a general war. We have
given to history sufficient monuments of our glory
to have a right to add to our trophies that which
is not less glorious—that of being the guarantees of
the peace of the world and the repose of mankind."
These noble sentiments, so worthy of the KING
and of France, were delivered in a firm voice, and
were responded to with loud cheers and cries of
" Vivc le Itoi I" by the assembled Deputies. To
the Diplomatic body the KING addressed himself
in the same pacific spirit. " You know the value,
observed his MAJESTY, addressing the Ambassa-
dors, " which I have never ceased to attach to the
duration of the political repose enjoyed by Europe,
and to the maintenance of the general peace. Con-
vinced as I am that this state of things is alike the
interest of France and of all other States, nothing
shall relax my efforts to co-operate with all the
Sovereigns for the preservation of this great bless-
ing to our nation ; and I hope with you that in the
year which has just opened to us, the wisdom of
the Cabinets will effect its consolidation." May
these wise and patriotic sentiments find an echo in
the heart of enlightened France I
The French journals, after the fashion of the
English, indulge in retrospective views of the pro-
gress of France during the last year. These, of
course, take the hue of the medium through which
they are viewed. But for her policy on the Eastern
question, the past year would have acquired a dis-
tinguished place in the annals of France. Even
yet it is in the power of France, by resuming
amicable relations with the Great Powers, to re-
trieve many of the errors consequent upon an ad-
herence to the mistaken policy of isolation which
M. THIERS forced upon her.
There is no political news of the slightest in-
terest in these journals. The Courrier Francais
persists in maintaining that Count MOLE is on the
eve of resuming office as chief of the Cabinet.
The following summary of Oriental news is from
the Austrian Observer of the 26th ult., copied
into the Paris papers of Saturday :

On the 2d ult. the Ottoman Porte notified to the corps
diplomatique the raising of the blockade of the Syrian
harbour, occupied by the troops of the Sultan. On the
21st of November, after Ibrahim bad evacuated his camp
of Zahle, the Emir Bechir immediately occupied the posi-
tions abandoned by the Egyptians, and received the sub-