The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-21 00:00:00

TOconsider and 15e—tir-m—hte in like manner whether it is eipedie,

-
to ratify an agreement entered into between the Directors of the
Great Western Railway- Company and the Directors of the Wycombe
Railway, and the Great Western and Ux.bridge Railway Companies,
for the Purchase of the said two last mentioned undertakings, and it
ratified in like U'snner, to authorise the eteention of all proper
peas, and the; Vila or all Acts, roquigito for completing such

r iIHE ATLAS NEWSPA2 ER of TEC ES DAY,
j_ in addition to a SUPPLEMEN T devoted to a complete
review of all the RAILWAY CASES trk.ed in England, .showing the
exact state of liability of every person. connected with RAILWAY
AFFAIRS, contains the following special articles :- .-. ORIGINAL
CORRESPONDENCE—Adventures of a Divorce-3 re lucation in
South Wales—Winter Prospects in Berkshire—The i L &flit. War—
French Gossip—lntellectual Condition of Belgium, &c, &c. ORI-
GINAL ESSAYS—The New Mouses of Parliament- -: Poses Piss-
tiques—The Poet and the Premier—Backing out, & A . &c. EE-
VlEWS—Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford—Ca is ar Borgia—
January Eve— Mrs. Hale's ' Woman's Trials,' and 01 b er Notices.
MUSIC—The MSS. Compositions and studies of the late Signor
late T. M. Alsager, Esq. FINE AR S S—The
Na-
tional Gallery.—Banking and Monetary Articles, and y All the Nell
01 the Week, Price Sixpence,
Mace, 6, Southampton-street, Strand.

WESTMINSTER IMPROVEMENTS (for 0
the application of certain RaL^s towards the improve-
meats authorised by the Westminster Improvement Act, 1845,
and to extend the improvements). Notice Is hereby given, that
APPLICATION is intended to be made to Parliament in the
ensulag Session .or an Act or Acts to alter, amend, and enlarge
the powers and provisions of an Act passed in the 9th year of
her present Malesty, intituled "An Act for Improving parts of the
city of Westminster." And it is proposed in or by the said Act or
Acts to confer further and adc;itional powers o 1 the Commissioners
appointed cr hereafter to be appointed, under the authority of the
said Act, for the purpose of enabling them more effectually to
carry out the improvements thereby authorised, and for extending
the same; stild it is finther proposed to authorise and empower
the said Commissioners to take down and remove a certain
house and buildings situate in the Broad Sanctuary, between West-
minster Abbey and Flood-street, and at present occupied by Mr.
Dean, and also that part of the north aide of Tothill-street, from the
east end thereof to, and inclusive of number 55 in that street, with
the gateway adjoining thereon westward, and the lands, stabling. and
tenements, in the rear of Tothill-street aforesaid ; and also to take
down, remove, and temporarily or permanently shut up Flood-street,
Great Smith-street, Princes-street, Princes-place,Dean-street,Orchard
street, St. Ann-street, Old Pye-street, New Pye-street, Pear-street,
Cottage-court, Union-court, New square, George-court, and James-
court, and all houses, yards, lands, courts, buildings, and premises
which are bounded on the north by Orchard-street, on the south by
Great Peter-street, on the east by Great Smith-street, and on the west
by Strutton Ground, all in the several parishes of Saint Margaret and
Saint John the Evangelist, in the City and Liberties of West-
minster, in the county of Middlesex, or one of them ; and also to
divert, alter, stop up, or enclose, or widen and improve such parts
of the present streets, courts, alleys, ways, or passages, and
void ground as will form entrances to or will communicate with
the intended new street or streets authorised to be made by
the Westminster Improvement Act, 1845, or as shall be necessary
to be stopped up and enclosed or widened and improved for
the purposes of the said Act or Acts ; and also to raise or lower
the ground of any streets or ways or subways which shall
communicate with the said intended street or streets, or as shall
be necessary to be raised or lowered for the paiposes of the
said Act or Acts, and to make such alterations in the levels,
drains, and sewerage, subways, roads, footways, and pavements
of such streets as may require such alterations ; and also to
empower the said Commissioners to treat, contract, and agree
with the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, the Governors
of the Grey Coat Hospital, in Tothill-fields, of the royal founds •
tion of Queen Anne, the governors or trustees of the hospital
of Saint Margaret's, in the city of Westminster, in the county of
Middlesex, of the foundation of King Charles, the master and fel-
lows of Corpus Christi or Bennett's College, Cambridge, and the
governors or trustees of Emanuel Hospital, or Lord and Lady
Deere's charity estate, the governor or trustees of Emery Hill's
almshouses, the trustees of Palmer's:Charity, the governors or tams-
tees of the Blue Coat School, or other governors or trustees of any
charity estate or other incapacitated persons, whose lands or pro-
perty may be required for the said intended street or streets, or other
improvements connected therewith, or contemplated by the said Act
or Acts for the sale to or the settlement upon them of new houses or
buildings upon the proposed line of the said streets or either of them,
in lieu of all or any of the land'', houses, or property intended to be
taken from them by the said Commissioners for the purposes of the
said Act or Acts, . .. .

THE WEATHER.--SuN OFFICE, NOVEMBER 20.
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 48; Highest. 55 ; Noon, 52.

BAROXETER, 29.33.

And It is further intended by the said Act or Acts to obtain powers
for the purchase of lands and houses, either by compulsion or agree-
ment, through or into which the said proposed improvements will
be made or carried. And also such lands and houses within the said
parishes aforesaid, and to such extent as may be necessary for carry-
ing out the before-mentioned improvements and all other improve-
ments contemplated by the said Act or Acts.
And it is also intended to vary or extinguish all existing rights
and privileges in any manner connected with or incident to such
lands and bosses which would in any manner impede or interfere
with the objects aforesaid, and to confer other rights and privileges.
And it is further proposed, in or by the said Act or Acts, to take
powers to authorise the levying, collecting, and appropriation or
application of any rates or increased rates, or of any annual or
other sum or sums of :money :out of, or in addition to, the
rates levied and collected, or hereafter to be levied and collected,
under and by virtue of the powers and provisions of an Act made and
passed in the twenty-fifth year of the reign of his late Majesty King
George 11., intituled "An Act for the better Relief and Employment
of the Poor in the parishes of St. Margaret and St. John the Evan-
gelist, in the city of Westminster, and for cleansing the streets and
repairing the highways within the said parishes," or otherwise, and
to apply the same towards the improvements authorised by the said
Westminster Improvement Act, 1845. And also, so far as may be
necessary for the purposes aforesaid, to repeal, alter, amend, or
extend the powers and prouisions of the last recited Act of 25
George 11., and to confer, vary, or extinguish other rights and pri-
vileges.

Dated this tenth day of November, 1846.
BRIDGES, MASON, and BRIDGES, Red Lion-square,
Solicitors for the Bill.
J. PARSES, Parliamentary Agent, 21, Great George-street,
Westminster.

IMPORTANT TO EMIGRANTS.
Now ready, in 2 vols., price 21s. bound,
CANADA and the CANADIANS in 1846
By Lieut.-Colonel Sir RICHARD BONNYCASTLE.

There is excellent advice, as well as information of a practical
kind, which ought to be treasured up by tho intending emigrant, to
whom we recommend a perusal of Sir Richard's book, as giving
graphic views of the present toil for future independence, which all
must encounter."—Morning Chronicle.
Henry Celburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

NEW WORK BY MRS. lIOFLAND.
Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols. post Bvo.,
DANIEL DENNISON
AND THE CUMBERLAND STATESMAN.
By Mrs. 110FLAND.

" We do not remember one of Mrs. Hofland'a productions from
which we have received so much pleasure as from these posthumous
volumes. They are full of interest, and whilst they are marked by
the same plain good sense and cheerful practical piety of her former
works, they are written with more power both of humour and cha-
racter."—Britannia.

Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.

MESSRS. LAMOND and Co., -RAILWAY
SHARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and
to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c.,
take place every TUESDAY and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the
Raul of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
favou,s, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectfully
requested to be addressed.

All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day
previous to their being offered; and advices of results will be
forwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds imme-
diately disposed of according to instrLctions.
Offices, Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street. London.

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed Lavenu's new Opera, entitled LORETTA ;
A Tale of Seville. Don Carlos, Mr. Harrison ; Ferdinand, Mr.
Ring ; Philippe., Mr. Borrani ; Provost Marshal, Mr. Howell ; Don
Juanito, Mr. WsMile; Loretta, Madame Anna Bishop ; Florinda,
Miss Poole ; Oaetana, Miss Rebecca Isaacs.
To conclude with DER EREISCHUTZ. Adolph, Mr. D. W.
King ; Caspar, Mr. Stretton ; Zamiel, Mr. W. H. Payne ; Linda,
Miss Rainforth ; Rose, Miss Poole.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Under the Management of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee.
THIS EVENING

Will be performed,an original Comedy, entitled LOOK BEFORE
YOU LEAP; or, Wooings and Weddings. Mr. Oddington, Mr. W.

0, •
Farren ; 11Ir. lashleigh, Mr. Hudson ; Mr. De Vere, Mr. Holl ;
Mr. Brandon, Mr. Howe ; Mr. Hardman, Mr. Rogers ; Jack Spriggs,
Mr. Webster; Tom Tilley, Mr. Ituckstone ; Miss Brown, Mrs.
Glover ; Clarioel Oddington, Miss Fortescue ; Mary Oddington, Miss
P. Hot ;.on ; Elinor Mortimer, Mrs. Yarnold ; Fanny Hardman,
Miss Julla Bennett.

After wbich a new Farce, called SPRING GARDENS. Lord
Courtington, Mr. Roll; Sir Arthur Lovel, 11Ir. Howe ; Scoreup,
Mr. Buckstone ; Lady Clarissa, Mrs. Buckingham ; Mrs. Scoreup,
Miss Julia Bennett.

During the evening the Band will perform three Polkas—" Caro-
!intim," " Juris," and " Marten ;" " Esterhazy" (Walzer) ; "Les
Travesllsseniens" (Overture) ; and " La Sonnambula."
To conclude with the Farce of HIS LAST LEGS. Characters
by Messrs. Hudson, 8011, Tilbury, Mrs. Clifford, &c.
Box-office open from Twelve till Four ; under the direction of
Mr. T. Archer, Box Book-keeper.

FRENCH PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. John Mitchell.
• On MONDAY EVENING, Nov. 23,
Will be performed Le Brun's Petite Comedie of LES RIVAUX
D'EUX MEMES. Dorval, M. Rhozevil ; Folleville, M. Langeval ;
Dupont, M. Durnery ; Lise, Aldlia. Brohan.
After which, LE COMEDIEN D'ETAMPES. Dorival, M. Per-
let ; Madeleine, Mdlle. A. Kkin.
To conclude with Regnard's admired Play of LES FOLIES
AMOUREUSES. Albert, 31. Cartigny ; Eraste, M. Felix ; Crispin,
31. Lucien ; Agathe, Mdlle. C. Vallee ; Lisette, Mdlle. Brohan.
Boxes, 6s. ; Pit, as. Eal. ; Stalls, 35.; Gallery, 2s. Doors opened at
half-past Seven, and the pertbrmanee commence at Eight.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
UNDER TILE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed a grand Fairy Spectacle, founded on the Ballet
of LA GISELLE, entitled THE PHANTOM DANCERS ; or, the
Wills Bride. Principal characters by Mr. Wright, Mr. P. Bedford.
Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. Cullenford, Madame Celeste, Miss Marian Taylor,
Miss Emma Harding, Miss Ellen Chaplin, and Mrs. Laws.
After which, the popular Musical Comedy of SWEETHEARTS
AND WIVES. Admiral Franklin, Mr. Lambert; Charles Franklin,
Mr. Selby ; Billy Lackaday, Mr. Wright; Sandford, Mr. Worrell ;
Curtis, Mr. Cullenford ; Mrs. Bell, Mrs. F. Matthews ; Eugenia,
Mrs. Yates ; Laura, Miss Woolgar ; Susan, Miss Brooks.
To conclude with r. Bozzian Sketch, in one act, called MRS.
GAMP'S TEA AND TURN-OUT. Principal characters by Messrs.
Culleritord, Worrell, Ryan, Wright, Munyard ; Miss M. Taylor,
and Miss Ellen Chaplin.

PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
J. M. Maddox, sole Lessee and Manager.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed an original romantic Opera, In three parts,
entitled THE NIGHT DANCERS ; founded on the Story of
.‘ Giselle." The principal characters personified by Miss Cieorgiana
Smithson, Madame Albertazzl, Miss Flower, Miss Somers, Misses
Marshall; Messrs. Leffler, Allen, Bodda, Walton, T. Hill, Runner,
Peren, &c.
After which a new farce, entitled KEEPING A PLACE. Major
Spikespur, Mr. Granby; Crocus, Mr. Compton ; Miss Dorothea
Danzers. Mrs. Fosbroke ; Tidy, Miss Laporte.
To conclude with the -Musical Entertainment of THE QUAKER.
In which Messrs. Barker, Leffler, Homier, Compton, Miss Grant,
Mrs. Fosbroke, &c. will perform.

OLYMPIC TIIEATItE.
Mr. George Bolton, sole Lessee and Manager.
THIS EVENING

Will be produced an entirely New • and Original Comedy, in five
acts, entitled LIFE. Mr. Orstan, Mr. Archer ; Frank Orstan, Mr.
Leigh Murray; Sir Thomas Menton, Mr. Walter Lacy ; Sir Jacob
Smaliwit, Mr. George Bolton; Sir Robert Folair, Mr. J. Cowell ;
Cancara, Mr. Wilkinson ; Lady Bait, Mrs. C. Jones ; Fanny Archer,
Mrs. Walter Lacy ; Emily Orstan, Mrs. Gordon.
To conclude with a new grand BALLET DIVERTISSEMENT.
In rehearsal, and shortly to he produced, Beaumont and
Fletcher's Comedy of TIIE WILD GOOSE CHASE.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Brilliant reception, and triumphant success. Mr. BAYNTUN
ROLT'S first appearance on THURSDAY Evening last, in the character
of " Macbeth," having elicited the most enthusiastic cheers from an
exceedingly crowded and fashionable audience, he will repeat the
part Tnis Evxaxao and on TUESDAY Next.
Private Boxes, 11. I is. 6d. ; to be had at Mitchell's Royal Library,
OM Bond-street, and at the Theatre.

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Lessee, Mrs. Frances Davidge.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed Shakspere's Tragedy of MACBETH. Macbeth,
Mr. Baynttin Rolt ; Macdntf, Mr. Jphimon ; Banquo, Mr. Frede-
ricks ; Hecate, Mr. Neville ; Witelcs, Messrs. Webb, Lewis, and
Mrs. Daly; Lady Macbeth, Miss Richardson ; Principal Singing
Witches, Miss Louisa Lyons and Miss Terrey.
After which, the popular Barlett? of THE LOAN OF A LOVER.
Peter Spyk, Mr. Webb; Gertrude (with Songs), Miss Louisa Lyons
(from the Theatre Royal Covent Garden.)
To conclude with a Ballet of Action, entitled DER CHAMOIS
YAGER; or, The Fiend of Earth. The characters by the Deulin

NORTH BRITISH INSURANCE COM-
PANY.

Established in 1809, and Incorporated by Royal Charter.
Loudon Offices-4, New Bank-buildings, City, and 10, Pall-mall East
Chief Office-64, Princes-street, Edinburgh.
Capital, One Million, Hilly subscribed.
PRESIDENT—HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF SUTHERLAND, K.G.
LONDON BOARD.
SIR pyrER LAURIE, Alderman, Chairman.
FRANCIS WARDEN, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
Alexander Cockburn, Esq. I Charles Hertslet, Esq.
John Connell, Esq. Isaac Sewell, Esq.
William Petrie Craufard, Esq. I Walt. A. Urquhart, Esq.
John Irving Glennie, Esq. George Webster, Esq.
BEN.f A3ILN" BOYD, Esq. I Resident.
MARK BOYD, Esq.
Prospectuses, with Tables of BatQs, and full particulars may be
obtained of the Secret v, tar 4. New Bank-buildings, and of the, Actuary,
John King, Esq., 10, Pall-mall East.
HENRY T. THOMSON, Secretary.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Pi oprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
Patronised by her Most Gracious Majesty the Qneen, Prince
Albert, and Royal Family. Immense attraction. The Champion
Vaulters. Herr Amidlo Neuperte, the great Dutch Bottle Equi-
librist. Second Week of the grand successful Magical Spectacle,
introducing the Syrian Camels and Deer.
THIS EYE ICING
Will be performed a grand new Magical Equestrian Romance, en-
itlt d THE DEMON HORSE ; or, The Twelve Wishes and the
Charmed Bit. In which will be introduced a Wild Stag-Hunt, by
living Deer, and numerous attractive scenic effects.
Entire change in the Scenes o' the CIRCLE.
To conclude with a favourite AFfERPIECE.
Box-office open from eleven till five o'clock.—Doors open at six
au 1 commence at half-past six o'clock.—Stage Manager, Mr. W.
Broadfoot.

WIND S.W., morning, rain and stormy: afternoon, fine

HIGH W &TER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
honing .. 5 minutes after 3. I Evening .. 23 minutes aLer S.

PATENT ELASTIC BANDS.
OR
umvirtptor&WATmcEDsNer TO BE AFFECTED BY TIIE COLD
OR CLIMATE.
These Rings or Bands ittB4,Ne-d instead of Tape or String, for holding
Papers anti Parcels of every
.I, ycrilition.
One of tliese Ring
instantlyBr:eace round a Packet of Papers, a
Roll of Maps, Prints, musk
securely, saving the time and,troul7le holding the same firmly and
great addition or reduction without an° loss Yet allowing of very
They are 'well adapted for Garters, y(a°"sizoer ecimPaaestZ:est7ea which
requires little stretching) : also for the Waist ebrelin- - ---- ""'"" the body; Surgical Bandages, and fora varietyd different tarts of
Manufacturing purposes. of aurgleal and
In addition to the above, there is a great variety of uses, too home
roux to mention, for which these bands may be applied with ad
--
?Age, and new applications will constantly suggest themselves ;liana;
In use.
They may be had of two thicknesses, and are sold in boxes or six
dozen each. of warted sizes, price 6d. per box and upwards.
Bands may be had to order of various widths and and thicknesses.
ss,„. The above articles are sold by all Stationers and Dealers in
Metalic Pens. Wholesale and for Exportation by Perry and Co.. at
37, Red Lion-square, London; and also by Charles ZdAciuto3ll and
CO., manuficturer,s, Manchester and Birmingham.

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 219 1846

PHILIPS will have the satisfaction of reflecting that,
during the long period he has represented Manches-
ter, and which has been one of stirring national in-
terest, that he has discharged the onerous trust im-
posed upon him, and repeatedly renewed by the con-
fidence and esteem of his fellow-townsmen, with un-
flinching fidelity, great public spirit, and unassailable
integrity. Few can be aware, none, completely so,
short of actual experience, of the severity of the duties
which attach to the membership of so vast a seat of
commerce as Manchester. They admit of scarcely
any relaxation, and the nature of the questions which
have of late so prominently occupied the attention of
the Legislature, has considerably enhanced the
labour incidental to the representation of the great
commercial and manufacturing cities of the
empire. It was from a liberal sense of the incessant
fatigue and domestic interruption to which their re-
presentatives were subjected, that, years ago, Liver-
pool was induced to be at the expense of maintaining
an office in London, with secretaries, with the ex-
press view of lightening the Parliamentary duties of
their Members. Our readers know that the consti-
tuency of Manchester were very desirous to return
Mr. COBDEN at the next election. The desire was a
most natural one, and equally honourable to them-
selves and the object of their wishes. Theirs was the
city which generated the monster League, whose his •
tory and triumphant peaceful policy are in-
delibly incorporated in the annals of our country,
to be ever the theme of admiration with the present
and future ages ; theirs was the city where thou-
sands thronged around the master mind which cham-
pioned the great cause of free trade with all the
world. Nothing, therefore, could better have evinced
their feelings of gratitude, and laudable aspiration for
public distinction, than that the people of Manchester,
at the first fitting opportunity, shouldhave shown them-
selves ambitious of returning RICHARD COBDEN to St
Stephen's. And it is not improbable that, had the
League up to this time failed, instead of accomplish-
ing its object, RICHARD COBDEN would not have
declined the invitation which the electors of
Manchester made to him; since, as Member
for that celebrated focus of commercial energy, the
greatest public weight would have been imparted to
his powerful crusade against the forces of monopoly.
But the cause, for which RICHARD COBDEN so nobly
fought, needed not the aid of such a demonstration,
Its own rectitude, when elucidated by the convincing
reasonings of the Member for Stockport and his
chosen band, proved amply sufficient to turn the
enemy's flank, and win the victory. We are, there-
fore, glad that Mr. COBDEN, whose health was much
impaired by the struggle in which he was engaged,
and whose absence from the House of Commons we
should esteem a national loss, has decided to remain
Member for Stockport, in which public relation his
chances of convalescence are certainly greater than
they would be, were he to be elected for Manchester.
This city has, however, done the next best thing, and
has manifested, by the adoption of the resolution at
the meeting we have adverted to, its keen apprecia-
tion of the virtues and services of public men. The
resolution was grounded upon their " grateful ac-
knowledgment of the distinguished services of JoHN
BRIGHT, Esq., M.P., in the recent struggle for com-
mercial freedom, and the hig►h sense which they
entertain of his talents and public conduct." This
eulogium has been deservedly gained. A committee
was constituted to carry their intentions into effect ;
the list of the committee contained 340 names.
Mr.BaionT must feel certain of success. Mr. GEORGE
WILSON, who was in the chair, observed, " that
though he had some experience of election and other
committees, niver in his life had he met with one
possessing the like strength and influence." Mr.
BRIGHT made a long speech which was most favour-
ably received. Alluding to popular representation,
the Hon. Member said :

a minute account of the former history of the deranged
person," and if the "skilful person" certifying, declares
that in his opinion the party i 3 " kb, wring under
mental delusions," that is quite sufLicet, without
setting forth those delusions in the certificate.
It is not necessary to set forth delusions, be-
cause, says my Lord DENMAN, " many things
may be considered by some persons as delusions,
to which ;others would not give the same character.
That would depend on mere difference of opinion."
Such being the state of the law, what is to prevent
the incarceration of the judge himself? Two bold bad
" skilful persons" travel down in the same train with
my Lord DENMAN, who, going a circuit, is about to
try a case in which they are interested. They stop
the train at some intermediate station " convenient"
to a madhouse ; they certify that their fellow-
traveller is labouring under " certain delusions."
According to my Lord DENMAN'S own showing, it
would be "monstrous to expect that all the par-
ticulars of these delusions" should be set forth in
the certificate, and the judge is himself incarcerated
as a madman, and if he sues out his habeas
corpus, he cannot be discharged, for in the case of
Mrs. SHUTTLEWORTH the Court of Queen's Bench
has decided that such certificate is sufficient.
Let it not be supposed that such is a
mere extreme case. In the case of a judge, parties,
most probably, would not proceed to such extremities,
although in the case of an important witness they, no
doubt, would, and, if the law continues in its present
state, will. There is this great fallacy running
through the whole of the judgment of Lord DEN-
MAN. He assumes that the "skilful persons" are
also " honest persons." Now let us look to facts.
Mr. FLETCHER, the will-forger, was one of Lord
DENMAN'S " skilful persons." Would not Mr.
FLETCHER, for a consideration, have certified that
any person, one, for instance, who thought him dis-
honest, was labouring under mental delusions ? Is
it stretching the truth to imagine that, among the
whole host of physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries,
Mr. FLETCHER might have found his double ? If so,
those two might have incarcerated any sane person
they chose, without any hope of release. It
is true, my Lord DENMAN says that these
certificates are not final, that the object
of all of them is only to put matters in a train of in-
quiry. The inquiry to which his Lordship alludes,
is the inquiry instituted by the visitors of lunatic
asylums, but that inquiry is, to use his Lordship's
own words on another occasion, "a mockery, a delusion,
and a snare." To show the nature of this inquiry, we
refer to an article copied from the Lancet, which will
be found in another column, and which is entitled,
" Experience in a Private Lunatic Asylum," and
there we find that the visitors " came into the ward,
accompanied by the house-surgeon and two keepers;
that they 'passed through the ward, in which were
twelve patients, without speaking a word, or making
an attempt to ascertain whether any of the patients
were in a fit state to have their liberty." It stands
to reason that such must always be the case.
Censidering the immensenumber of patients in
every lunatic asylum, and the small number of
visitors, it is physically impossible that if the
visitors- in the country districts, and Commis=
sioners of Lunacy in the metropolitan dis-
tricts, were to devote twelve hours a day for 365 days
in the year to the investigation of individual
cases of lunacy within their districts they could pro-
perly investigate one half of the cases in which, ac-
cording to Lord DENMAN, it is their duty to put
things in . a train of inquiry. The records of our
courts of law give us proof of this. There was the
case of Mrs. CvairlNG. The "skilful persons " cer-
tified to her luriacy ; Dr. MILLINGEN received and in-
carcerated her. The Commissioners during their
visits never dreamed that she was not insane, a
commission de lunatico was issued against her, and
yet so soon as she consented to make a disposition of
her property in favour of those who had set the
" skilful persons "in motion, the certificate of the
" skilful persons " was thrown to the winds. Dr.
MILLINGEN was content to accept the guarantee of
Master BARLOW, and Mrs. CUMMING, who, according
to the " skilful persons" was labouring under delusions
was at once set at liberty. How comes it that the
' visitors did not discover the error into which the
" skilful persons" had fallen ? How was it that Dr.
MILLINGEN, one of the " skilful persons " in Mrs.
SHUTTLEWORTH'S case, became so suddenly enlight-
ened ? Again, there was the case of Mr. CAMPBELL.
For fourteen years he was incarcerated as a lunatic
upon the certificate of two " skilful persons." At
the end of that time he comes into the possession of
property, and a commission de lunatico inquirendo is
rendered necessary. It is positively an unopposed
commission. Mr. CAMPBELL appears before the jury
as a matter of course, and on the mere examination
of the supposed lunatic so convinced are the jury of
the error of the two " skilful persons " that they de-
clare Mr. CAMPBELL sane and fit to be trusted with
the management of his own affairs, and he has now
been a free agent for two years, and yet no " skilful
persons" have been found willing to run the risk of
again testifying to his insanity. Then, again,
there is the case of Mr. PATERNOSTER. He
was a man of courage and firmness, he battled
the watch with the " skilful persons," and
beat them. He afterwards entered as a student of
the Middle Temple, was called to the bar, and is at
this moment a member of Lord DENMAN'S own pro-
fession. We merely adduce these facts to show the
necessity of an alteration in the law of lunacy. We
accept the law as it at present stands from the mouth
of Lord DENMAN, but we contend that the law re-
quires alteration—that the principle of that alteration
should be that no one should be incarcerated as a
lunatic without the institution of some public pre-
liminary inquiry; and we suggest that the most
satisfactory public preliminary inquiry that can be
instituted is an inquiry to be instituted by the
coroner and his jury, and that the warrant of the
coroner should be the only document which should
authorise the detention in an asylum of• any alleged
lunatic.

" The subject of popular representation is one on
which I have long and deeply reflected. It has appeared
to me that the prosperity of a country does and must
always depend, to a great extent, upon the intelligence,
and purity, and honesty, of its Government. Ido not
agree with some poet who has exclaimed—
' How few of all the ills that men endure,
Are those which kings or laws can cure!'

I believe, if there is corruption, dishonesty, wickedness,
amongst those in high places and those who rule a coun-
try, it is absolutely impossible that the prosperity of
that country can for any long period be preserved. Our
Government is what the constituency of the empire
makes it ; we have something which approaches at any
rate to a popular representation, and I need not tell this
meeting that a popular representation may be an instru-
ment of supreme good to a nation, or it may be an in-
strument of the foulest and most intolerable tyranny—
an instrument of supreme good if it be wielded by an
honest intelligent people—an instrument of the foulest
tyranny if it be wielded by electors and constituencies
depraved and corrupted."
With the spirit of these observations our senti-
ments are in unison. It should not be forgotten, how-
ever, that, with the representation which we
now enjoy, vast reformatory changes have
been wrought during the last fifteen years.
That it still has its blots and blemishes is unquestion-
able ; the system of registration is one—but this and
others are rather matters of detail than principle, and
such as we think there is a sufficiency of popular
vigour is the House of Commons to secure the im-
provement of. No doubt,
.hereafter, as wealth and
intelligence become more equally and generally
diffused, it will be found desirable to enlarge the
franchise ; but the English are not given to favour a
rapid succession of fundamental changes in the con-
stitution, particularly without a strong apparent
necessity. Moreover, before we set about extending
our own franchises of what kind soever, we should
place the Irish upon an equality with our-
selves in these respects. Let Ireland be,
in the first instance, invested with the like privileges,
Parliamentary and municipal, that are enjoyed by
England and Scotland. We can then judge how the
mikohine of Government will work with this fresh
fusion of popularity in the Legislature, and shall be
better enabled to decide both as to the time and the
extent to which it may be safe and expedient to widen
the base of popular representation.

The decision of the Court of Queen's Bench- in the
case of Mrs. SMETTLEWORTII is, as affecting the
liberty of the subject, one of the most important that
has ever been delivered. Lord DENMAN has declared
o
the law of lunacy to be this, that if any medical
man, that medical man being the proprietor of a
lunatic
in the incarceration
asylum,
of
therefore
any
p havingsu a s e p
ddirect
in-
terestlunatic,
declares that such supposed lunatic is required to
be
put under the care of some one because such sup-
posed lunatic labours under mental delusions, a cer•
tificate from the medical man to that effect, even if
such certificate does not set forth such delusions, is
sufficient to authorise the detention' of such lunatic ;
and that if that certificate is backed by the certificate
of another medical man, stating the person so incar-
cerated is lunatic, these two certificates are sufficient
to authorise the detention, for an indefinite period,
of such [supposed lunatic. Far be it from us
to dispute the law, as laid down by the Lord
Chief Justice of England. Such is the law,
and so long as it continues to be the law,
it must be obeyed. But then we come back to the
public declaration made by Mr. LUSE JAMES HAN-
SARD, the President of the Society for the Protection
of Alleged Lunatics, at the anniversary meeting of
the society, in the month of June last, which public
declaration was corroborated by Mr. BEN/AMIN BOND
CADDELL, M.P., who was present when it was made,
and who testified to the truth of it—that those certi-
ficates of lunacy can be purchased in the market,
from medical men, at the rate of ss. each, and from
these data we conclude that it is perfectly open to
any rascal to get any individual put " out of the
way" at the cost of 10s. We will put a case. A
cause is entered for trial on a certain day. There is
one person whose evidence will determine that
cause one way or the other. One of the parties
to that cause, on the evening of the day
before that on which the trial is to come
on, purchases two of these medical certifi-
cates, and on the morning of the trial arrests and
incarcerates the principal witness of his opponent as a
lunatic. What is to prevent it ? The certificate
merely sets forth that the alleged lunatic is labouring
under delusions, without descending into particulars.
The cause may be a trial of right of way, the witness
may be a very old man. How is it possible to declare
that an old man may not be labouring under delusions
and that old man may be perfectly sane ? The cer-
tifier may well declare that he cannot enter into
a minute statement, because, to quote the words of
Lord DENMAN, " it is impossible to suppose that in
all cases whatever, a third party should be able to give

It has already been announced that the Pontifical
Government had appointed several Commissions,
charged with preparing important projects of reform.
In maintaining the Commission already appointed by
his predecessor, GREGORY XVI., for the amelio-
ration of the penal and criminal codes, the POPE
has added M. Alberghini, Auditor of Rota ;
M. Bertoli, Advocate-General of Taxes ; M. Cigog-
nani, Consistorial Advocate; the Advocates Silvani,
of Bologna; M. Pagani, of Imola ; M. Guiliani, of
Malrata ; M. Leoncilli of Spoleta ; M. Dionsi, Public
Defender ; M. Pagnoncelli, Substitute of the Cham-
ber, and M. Borghi, Doctor of Laws. The Com-
mission instituted ad referenda:: to propose
ameliorations in provincial and communal govern-
ment, is composed of M. M. Quaglia, Auditor of
Rota; Savelli, Clerk of the Chamber ; Ilertel, Lieute-
nant of Tribunal ; Pellegrini, Assessor of Tribunal
the Marquis Potengiani, President of the Chamber of
Commerce ; Count Carleschi, Member of the Congre-
gation of Revision ; Aldrobandini, Odescalchi, and
Torlonia. Nearly all the persons in these Commis-
sions belong to the moderate party, and occupy by
their well-known talents a distinguished place in
public estimation. One of them, M. Silvani, formed
part of the provisional Government of Bologna in 1831.

Madrid papers of the 12th have been received, but
those of the 13th have not yet arrived. They contain
I very little news. It appears, however, that the
Spanish papers have hit upon a most amusing way
of revenging themselves on Count BRESSON
for his demand of the interference of the
Spanish Court against the Tiempo. The Clamor
Publico publishes an address from several loyal
Spaniards to the QUEEN, beseeching her MAJESTY
to demand satisfaction from the French Government
for the many attacks which have been made upon her
in the Charivari and other French journals,
A letter from Barcelona states that M. GAMINDES,
formerly aide-de-camp to General PRIM, and several
other Progressists of note, with a Carlist Colonel,
named Amax, have taken advantage of the amnesty,
and returned to Spain. From I3erga, it is stated,
that JUAN TRISTANY, brother of the celebrated chief
MOSEN BENITO TRISTANY, has also availed himself of
the amnesty.

The Progressistas were very active preparing for
the approaching elections.

The British ship-of-war Vanguard arrived on the
7th from Malaga at Carthagena, where an English
corvette and a war-steamer had been lying for some
time. A few hours afterwards the Virago came An

from Gibraltar, and, the captain having had en in-
terview with the commander of the Vanguard, left
for Malaga.
MADamLsA, Nov. 12.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 334 ; the Four per Cents. at 211 ; the
Five per Cents. at 211 ; the Coupons at 20 ; the
Vales at 84 ; and the Debt without Interest at 61.

England, Germany, France, Switzerland, Belgium, sa
?l
even Algeria, to meet thus, through the medium
written ideas. The same faith, the same hopes in thee.
c..)untry, ,A, ere rc:A), :ti in tlicii. .1.12.1.ie!':1i Lorgee. ,
which permitted them to enjoy her soil and to breathet
her air, did not forbid them the liberty of speech. Tba
continued more than ten years, and there was equal tole-
ration for all. The partizans of Prince Czartoriski had
their organ in the Third May; the Poles who were ocetr.
pied with religious questions published the Nationql,
the Democratic Society patronised the Democracie Polo-
naise. Those journals, illegible for us ignorant persolit_a,
and assuredly perfectly inoffensive to the peace of ti
country, were addressed exclusively to those scattere
members of a numerous emigration, to whom tiry
spoke of Poland! Whilst Nicholas is endeavouring
to denationalize the duchy of Warsaw—whilst he
forbids the use of the native language—whim'
Austria brutalizes the Galicians, and causes
their nobility to be murdered—the Polish language
was cultivated in this country, and those differecriritffjeort.un.r-t
nals, united as to one object, although using
means, incessantly called to mind the rights of the Polisl;
nation. Did any one, or even M. Guizot himself, slue_
his accession to the Ministry, think of interfering with
them? No; but now on a sudden he finds them danger;
ous, and he for the first time recollects that those jou_i
nals treat of political questions, and that editorshad live
deposited any money as security, and three ar,
cited for Fri lay next before the Court of CorrectioUti
Police!
Guizot to the destructionSueh oifsCtrhaecoewillergSeuticch
tection against the violation of the treaty of Viel3P!,
Oh the noble heart, how easy it is to recognize 111ot;
He lived ten years on the alms of England, snail:is
know how he gained them! Ho must now live, !I ~.
reisplisofproiN.
can, by the grace of Russia and of Austria! ell, 1;
us suffer the free city to be absorbed—let us deliverr
tr.
what remains of Poland, and let us deprive the unfotte
nate Polish exiles of the only consolation which I_lll7,
possess—the liberty of speech. .• • Those jeurr:
_.
might escape the severe Custom-house authoritte.,el;
Posen, Tarnow, or Warsaw, let us crush them in "°,„
cradle! Behold now the matrimonial advantages We
beginning to develop themselves in the broad day I
_b,o
were told that it was a great dynastic success; ive .f.„,,,,
see more and more that it is a great national ann.-
tage !"
On this subjeet men of all parties in France BP.
pear to be united. The Legitimatist Univers is tit:
in accordance with the Republican National
is.. :the
ferring to the annexation of Cracow to Ailetr
Univers says--
it we have often cited the articles of the Treoiletf, tof
o
Vienna, which guaranteed a shadow of indepelthi, last
Poland, and it is now useless to repeat them. ; / from
violation of the treaty derives additional greloreigo
the declaration made by the Minister for ~, the
Affairs, during the last session, who pretested, Id be
name of France, that the Republic of Cracow ahaVe hita
respected. We trust that nu eventuality evl,ll3,„nigeeee
given by the Augsburgh G'azefe
forget that engagement. The important in, be re"
may. perhelrriges.
garded as a new consequence of the Spaulsh,r nee sea
The rupture of the entente cordiale between rre-pets to
England might have induced the Northern l'e , the 7
believe that they might now deal with Poland algtian 10
thought proper. England, however, on that clue-
as much engaged and interested as we are. A will tit'
The Univers may rely on it that Buglen"
even'
her ev
duty in this occasion, and we trust that ne
For
rm"
~n
tuality will make the French Minister for dte the
Affairs forget his engagement, although - opieo',
manner in which M. GUIZOT has found it con `,es
to forget his engagement at Eu, we rolnit :jos of
that we entertain no very sanguine exPeet3bers.
his remembering his engagement to the Chen 3 0°
The P resse has an article on the affairs of the
f 1381'
de la Plate, condemnatory of the conduct e
oduct
DEFFAUDIS in seeking to thwart Mr. o°o°'deby the
which, it intimates, will not be sanctioned 04
French Government ; and it concludes hi evvin 00/
that it will be found that Mr. Hoop's mission
have failed. at which
A Cabinet Council was held on Tuesdei9
Marshal SOULT was present. , 10,461'
According to the Univers ADD-EL-N-0:
ot: cosi'ini
tered the province of Oran, at the bead 01 `-'-',° etioo;
The Bey of Turns has announced his 111".ea-teade:
not visiting England, as he had originallY lititiott:
The reason for this alteration in his resc 1211cr-
stated to be his objection to be presented toVICTORIA by the Turkish Ambassador• i. obit
The Moniteur announces that the Britis'... of the
having recognised the claims of the ovveero'"o dol
French brig Charles Auguste, which WaS 011
on the coast of Sicily, on the morning of tot 00116
July, 1845, by the British steam-vessel roltobl
Commander Spark, which claims were 511PrudOnaille
the French Government, have allowed 11,11;0 bi'--
of 57,0001., to be divided between the sul'e-
accident.
n ul Is.
relc;
The liberality of the Duke of 13°1'":1escess"'
ducing its effects. He is beconnillp, : e
Count de Chat° The
popular in Paris. The Quot 'ci• e ssYs • ,---„, 00w°'
"The marriage of the z zenn bora" dapses 1
la Halle have beenreawliayrm
the character of a
Ipopularim reevseinedt•
withhtihttee
bittern
•
an event which may mix sweets with with the -„t atry
exile. These worthy women, always pretax coabi,
works, have felt in their hearts the admirable,oo.ooof
tion of charity which the noble Prince has glteot op
marriage. They have wished to offer him
is
cyst
of that faithful affection they vowed him in hist' bichlof
the 29th of September, 1820. A letter, in eeetlii:
reminiscence is recalled in the most touciliegifeeri re.
the heart, will show to the descendant of op to
. beadyse nifie
that the people of Paris never fore. bieet
member them. To this letter, which is a,,084 "
its destination, is added a magnificent he,e;:
we are assured, will be preciously preset
rest i 011:::
That the marriage is considered se tit Doing
tent political event, is proved by the ''°
tte°
tract from the France : riot's ittla 1:f °1•691
" All the provincial and foreign .I°n-,„- ArriOnoteltg
testify the importance attached to they `71,8 A.-. 01. PP",-
Count de Chambord. It is in vain fehe'i/ ree;;;doehl
journals to attempt to persuade any ef t.,00, °Con° rat,
politics have nothing to do with this, tle" The An e`te-,;
able in the eyes of the ultra-dynastiega;oiple.i. incare,,,;
Chambord is the representative of a Pr„',.l".aelf",g all l.
which ensures the perpetuity of this roilaracte-'
elroeuoseuoroff Bourbon, has all the - ere flir
iproportionsn
lt h
The
riaeproldituica act."avr anoll,ncesll' e°lldl rifilis :
thority of letters received from P'e AGstes ma" te
via Bahia, that Rear-Admiral station' 11-10
ROQUE, commanding on the Africa° 6 crews -
The
ceived orders to return to Toulon. beeltbi': 1.4:1
vessels on the station are said to be 11°f. captilf of Pi
It is stated that the departure ° aeeellP
VAUD for Otaheite is adjourned ell
health. Filfe.Pet;
: tbe of. ,m.;
The Three per Cents. closed at 82i: re;A 1'227f. g7O-I►
Cents., 117 f. 35c.; the Orleans Railroad •-ilheo, 60 ~-,70
Rouen, 875 f. •, Havre, 670 f ; Great N port honk' '66;
Avignon, 860 f. ; Vierzon,l 5621. 50c• ; d stritsw496f.2opo
Basle, 2151. ; Dieppe, 352 f. 50c. • Paris rcif,Veng'lo:l
50c.; Tours and Nantes, 4851.-; Paris an, Letter --6 46041
Lyons and Avignon, 485 f.; Bordeaux an" De
ppitic - ~01 2 on, OP
nish Three per Cents., 38 ;p 4
anish pnrl2". en'
LYONS, Nov. 16.—Paris and Rouen, So*: ' . lort ,40
Marseilles, 867 f. 50c. ; Vierzon, 566 f. 3.4°' AT Tb-
Dotesoc.; Paris and Lyons, 501 f. 25c. _ ,svi.AA,rol
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN •"'',4,T001-5,2-k-,,S
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGg'„,erara• " job 'l,i<
Boulogne and Amiens, 13A
_ex d•—"e7,-,,d Anfourg!,ote
Rhenish, 4i,4—East Indian, 'Ns—ltalian I.4'uojeCoPedi'
Jamaica South Midland Junction, Ili voice 0/30 vv-
Namur and Liege, 314—Northern 0 od Li
934—Orleans and Bordeaux, 7 %—Feris LI)
tuted, 4%—Sambre aileunZ:iv --- irfav
ler v Ig'
„,,- p 0 9A' iis
INSURRECTION IN , aite'r ed
. oLennen., le, ,
FALMOUTH, Nov. 19, ri.ail sett tt!
The smack Marys, Captain haying fortiiit
this port last night from Lisbon/ groin irolo ofej
Tagus on the 11th inst., at 3 r' 31
n' no, it lion 011.,
tion procured from Captain IVULe
_140004
pear that Lisbon was in a state of gre
_ere ge
_apt
's P.' nI
excitement when she sailed, and fears nv'oeeu hel -
the ' a reise rts
entertained that the success of _,s hoe
was very doubtful, although no ntaeuvve'nuplacee ;titste.4ll
any decisive engagement having n. The for for 0
Saldanha and the popular factio
_tootle 4,
he Queen ‘..-1 ode°. 20
squadron was in a state of instant Pr'r.na lam: The,
ceiving and notoecting t had 0
arines rto op
necessary, and sailors or In
had , for OP° opolibego
American frigate which had suea _ re,i ,
• —astu.d, ,„,r od,
only not allowed to enter, buptort.,7,ll:o at 9:01:000
the batteries and totally di isrbetn.
towed into a neighbourinegnnen
did not
the
lett,
had occurred Captain WI.
Business was completely at a t :_bt 11 ,
Marys left. The Marys bits .b._1.0.u....-16 Ones' 011,
informatto set 1 el
whereby to gain detailed t she de jo
-----met with
fromha vsboe,ho oo
[The American frigate
..e .
be
00
Her commander, when he sainJdathereibre 00 ° to
that Oporto was blockaded, a
force a blocked°. 00ci°'00
yoranakee could eileatiooore
right to attempt to mere Bragg
gt 011 .1
ewsteeanlYsut7:agses:f
iritcti:e4.l‘digsisraci t:•
rebeif.
shha
ov
we gone either eiteohrfeeripai
laws, customs, and sny, lb 0 wined
ag '
defiance. If h
gretted that he escaped wwieth_s.°rinot but
nt.dee three
went as a braggadocio,
et e°
with the °hue rata 0
at seeing the bully mde
w_el_i4l 131.____-1.40ec 15teev,:fiecoorpli
inistered 1:1 t iostalie:sooJ
which it seemed was a ra
the present
, .0,,
, a__,, in . ,
on: ---)d-:• If.
to "Brother Jonathan
and
----
------
A D MA
this diot. Wit
4.1
0 ishoP °f see 0. t pee
lie new
J. Griffith is to be .
pr.
, Short to °leo won
waTsir"EriSchElny odreseSr: deserved,
by the translation A_ 0 ,_,:orae of y
By the last returns, th 10
2,000/. per annum.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday,
from which it appears that M. GUIZOT bids high to
secure the approbation of the northern Powers for the
Montpensier marriage. Poland is the price which
M. GuizoT is prepared to pay for their support of his
policy. Already has he joined the spoliators of
Poland in their crusade against the Polish language
and has suppressed three journals which have appeared
in that language in Paris regularly for some years
past. The Constitutionnel thus remarks upon this
miserable piece of tyranny, as petty and pitiful as it
is odious :

"A puerile and odious persecution has just been
directed against some journals of Paris, which are
written in the Polish language. The responsible editors
of the Polish prints, entitled Le Trois Mai, Le Nation
Polonaise, and Le DEntocrate Polonaise, were on Monday
summoned to appear on Friday before the Tribunal
of Correctional Police, to answer for the non-accom-
plishment of the formalities imposed on political
publications—that is, for not having lodged with
the Treasury a caution-money of fifty thousand
francs. It is evident that the object aimed
at is the suppression of the three journals.
One would imagine, on hearing of this summons, that
the journals in question had only just been started, and
that their existence has for the first time come to the
knowledge of the police. But these are the facts. The
Trois Mai, a journal not appearing periodically, but
three or four times a month, has existed for six or seven
years, and replaced another journal called the Chronique,
which commenced in 1834, with the perfect knowledge
of the police and of the law authorities. The Nation
Polonaise has been published these six years, and ap-
pears once a week. Finally, the Democrate Polonaise,
founded in 1837, has never interrupted the course of its
publication since that time. The Government was fully
aware not only of the existence of this journal, but also
of that of the society of which it is the organ; it knew
that, being devoted exclusively to Polish affairs, and
studies on the social state of Poland, it has never made an
excursion on the ground of the domestic policy of France.
The other journals summoned have confined themselves
within the same limits; so that, by a constant tolerance
of all Ministries, paragraph 4 of Art. 3 of the Act of
July, 1828, exempting from caution-money journals not
written in French, and avoiding political matters, has
been applied to them. How comes it to pass that, after
twelve years of a tolerance of which no one in France
ever complained, the Ministry sends the editors of these
publications before the Correctional Police? Why de-
mand 50,000 f. caution-money, which the Government
knows well these poor refugees cannot pay? Have these
prints passed the jimits within which they were origi-
nally started? Certainly not. The only question refers
to the pecuniary conditions of publicity. This persecu-
tion, therefore, has no plausible pretext. It is evidently
to please the journals which oppress Poland that these
journals, written in their language, this common bond
of exile, this last image of their absent country, have
been taken away from the resonant of a generous and
proscribed nation. By suppressieg here this vestige of
Polish nationality, our Government endeavours to give a
first pledge of entente cordiale to the absolutist powers.
It will be seen that, sooner or later, the Poles will pay
for the Spanish marriage!"
The National goes at great length into the subject,
and in the following article gives expression to the
honest indignation which all honourable and high-
minded men of every nation, of every shade of poli-
tical opinion, must feel against those who without the
excuse which the Northern Powers have for their
conduct, aid, assist, and abet them in extinguishing
the last remains of Polish nationality, and in cold
blood, with malice aforethought, for their own mere
private and pecuniary advantage, become accessories
before the fact to the murder of a nation. The Na-
tional says—
" The three Northern Powers have decreed the de-
struction of the independent republic of Cracow, and
this is announced as a fact accomplished. Well, then !
what is accomplished is a most flagrant violation of a
formal treaty—it is a violation of a most solemn promise
renewed in the month of March last, and repeated pnb-
licly by DE Guizot in the Chamber of Peers. The treaty
which we are obliged to invoke at present, is that of
1815. France and England are parties to it, together
with Russia, Austria, and Prussia. Now, the 7th article
of that treaty guarantees in the most express manner the
independence of the republic of Cracow. Where, then,
are the subsequent conventions which rescinded that en-
gagement contracted by the five powers ? Have Russia,
Austria, and Prussia a right to dispose according to their
pleasure of the fate of a city placed under the protec-
tion of the five Powers who signed the treaty ? To
read the Augsburg Gazelle it would appear that England
and France are not concerned in this affair. But let
us inquire what occurred at the period of the late insur-
rection ? At the moment when the troops of the three
Powers invaded Cracow, a report was raised that it was
intended to destroy that republic, and to incorporate it
with Austria. Public opinion was strongly excited, and
M. Villemain, in the Chamber of Peers, having referred
to the existing treaties, M. Guizot replied—' The re-
servations made by these treaties, the guarantees which
are inscribed in their articles, the honourable M. Ville-
main may be well assured have never been forgotten or
abandoned, either at present or fifteen years since. All
the reservations, protests, or precautions which legiti-
matelybelong to the King's Government have been made
at different epochs, and have not been, nor will be, for-
gotten—(Applause)—the only thing that the Hon. M.
Montalembert demanded has been effected.' The fol-
lowing day he was still more explicit :—' As to the re-
public of Cracow, we have maintained our reservations,
and our protests which we made ten years since, we
have renewed, and strengthed them. M. Vil-
lemain may be assured that the rights stipu-
latee for by us in the year 1815 will not be either
forgotten or abandoned by us. As I have already stated
so much, I will now state further, that I have already
received the assurance that those rights shall not be for-
gotten or abandoned by any party.' This occurred on
the 20th of March, and those rights which were not to
be forgotten by any party, according to the solemn as-
surance given by M. Guizot, are now trampled under
foot. Is there any doubt as to the text of the treaty?
We do not wish to fatigue our readers with citations,
but we wish to enable them to judge the question.
Read merely the two following articles of the treaty of
Vienna:—

" ' Article 6. The city of Cracow, with its territory,
is declared in perpetuity a free, independent, and strictly
neutral city, under the protection of Russia, Prussia, and
Austria.'

" ' Article 9. The Courts of Russia, Austria, and
Prussia engage to respect, and to cause to be respected
for ever, the neutrality of the free city of Cracow and of
its entire territory. No armed force can ever beintro-
duced into it, under any pretence whatsoever.'
" In the presence of such precise language, do you
not admire the audacity of the Augsburg Gazette, which
represents this independence of the free city as a trial
made by the three Northern Courts ? They had deigned
to allow a shadow of Palish nationality to remain in a
corner I A shadow was too much. It became neces-
sary to annihilate that'shadow ! And this feat is exe-
cuted under the eyes of the other Powers of Europe,
sunk in their materialism, under the eyes of France,
which assists, like a body possessing neither muscles,
brains, nor blood, at this last act of despotic violence.
Well ! be it so ; let us confess that we are exhausted
and about to die ; the voice of nations has no longer
any echo ; French society is become a species of herd
which feeds and fattens. Is that what you wished,
noble citizens, overfed onopolizers, sovereigns for the
m e
moment ! But yo e still the pretension to pos-
sess a machine a Government ; you speak still of
laws, treaties egular relations, but you possess no
life. What signify laws, if they are to be out-
raged ? What the utility of treaties, if they are to
be torn to shreds when they interfere with our pro
jects ? What becomes of international law, if stipu-
lations guaranteed by five Powers are to be violated
by three ? Is it brute force that you proclaim ? Say so,
and proclaim it loudly ; we will repeat it in a still louder
tone, and until the nations hear us 1 But if conven-
tions or treaties have any meaning or possess any value,
why are they abandoned to the caprice of Government ?
M. Guiaot pretends that he had received the assurance
that the rights of the free city of Cracow should be
respected by all parties. Ile said so publicly at the tri-
bune. His language was therefore false, or, if he was
sincere, an act of unworthy violence was being prepared
under the mask of the most contemptuous mockery.
Every one knows that the opinion of the Chambers is
not doubtful on that question ; and it is still better
known with what unanimous emotion all France protects
with her most profound sympathy the sacred cause of
Poland. They have mocked the Chambers and railed !I
France in her chains. But this Government—in fine, this
Government, on whom the Northern Powers smile since
England has become cold—this Government, which re-
ceived assurances,and which renewed and strengthened her
protests—this Government, which, pressed by the irre-
sistible force of public opinion, announced a short time since
that it would secure for the unfortunate Poles a sure asylum
and a benevolent hospitality—what has this Government
done, and what will it do ? Ah ! we can guess, for it
is no secret. The Chambers are absent; politics appear
to be smothered ; the alliance with England is broken ;
we must beg from others, and we must beg with bowed
head, and pay the price beforehand. But, do you know
what is passing? At the moment that we learned the
attack of three Powers on the free city of Cracow we
likewise learned that the most incredible persecution was
recommencing in France against the proscribed Poles.
Eight days since a Commissary of Police entered the
apartment of a refugee Pole connected with a Polish de-
mocratic society, and seised all his papers. They were
transferred to the Prefect of Police, thence to the Mi-
nister for Foreign Affairs, and by him they were handed
to the Austrian Ambassador. Spies are multiplied
round the refugees, who, it is supposed, are naturally
labouring for the resurrection of their country. This
incessant, but concealed, action was not sufficient fur
Austria and Russia ; they wished for a public act
which might demonstrate the zeal of M. Guizot. This
act is being executed, and you will see whether
silly persecution could be carried further. During
more than ten years the different fractions of the Polish
emigrants published journals in the Polish language,
which was the sole mode by which they could communi-
cate. It may easily be conceived that it was a consola-
ti9 to tae wrecks of that noble nation, scattered through

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