The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-20 00:00:00

ROYAL ARTILLERY.

privateer, Meteor • was present at the destruction
of twenty-seven sail of vessels in the Connecticut River;
at the attack on an American privateer, the Neufchatel,
in 1814; and at the capture of the American frigate,
President, in 1815; was flag captain of her Majesty's
ship Princess Charlotte, 104, in all the operations on the
coast of Syria and the bombardment of St. Jean d'Acre
in 1840.
Captain Lord John Hay, C. 8., a Lord of the Ad-
miralty, lost an arm when midshipman of the Seahorse,
when serving in her boats, cutting out enemy's vessels in
Hieres Bay, in 1804. Commodore, in command of a small
squadron, and a battalion of marines, on the north coast
of Spain, during the civil war, and frequently engaged
with the Carlist forces in 1836.
Captain Sir G. A. Westphal was a midshipman of the
Victory, in the battle of Trafalgar, and wounded; was
again wounded in defending a merchant-vessel against a
French 20-gun ship; was senior lieutenant of the Belle-
isle, 74, at the capture of Martinique; commanded a
sub division of gun-hoats at the attack on Flushing, in
1809; was in the Loplacable, at the defence of Cadiz,
in 1810; commanded the boats of a squadron at the
attack and capture of the Anaconda, I Si, and a 10 gun
schooner, in the Susquehanna in 1813, and for his dis-
tinguished gallantry on that occasion was promoted to
commander, and appointed to command the Anaconda,
the vessel he assisted in cutting out; commanded the brig
at the operations in America, and the exp' dition against
New Orleans; was captain of the Jupiter, when she con-
veyed Lord Amherst to China, and on his return had the
honour to be knighted.

MR. COBDEN AT SEVILLE.
(From the Manchester Guardian.)
We have been favoured with a copy of the Diario de
Sevilla, of the 4th instant, from which we lean.' that
several merchants, landowners, and public functionaries
gave a banquet to Mr. C,,bden, at Seville, on the 2d inst.
The chair was taken by Senor Miguel Chacon y Duran,
director of the Economical Society of Seville, seven
members of which were present. Senor Chacon pro-
posed the toast of ",11r. Cobden and the application of
his ideas to the economical state of Spain." Mr. Cobden
replied to the following effect in English, which was
translated by Senor Alberto Prats y Soler :
" Gentlemen, I return you my most sincere thanks
for the kind reception which you have given me in the
beautiful capital of Andalucia. I am aware that, per-
sonally, I am not entitled to the consideration with which
you so generously treat me. I have, however, had the
pleasing satisfaction of finding at Seville a great number
of enlightened individuals, who share those principles
of which I have sought to be the interpreter. As I have
already thanked you for the expression of your kind-
ness, scarcely anything remains for me to say. If I had
been a Spaniard, I should have given you the trouble of
listening to a long speech. I should have endeavoured
to show that free trade would confer the greatest bene-
fits on this country, that it would cause activity in your
ports and markets, that it would enrich your agricul-
ture, and that it would render your finances prosperous.
I should have inculcated the moral advantages which re-
sult from the mutual communication of nations. I could
have drawn you a very lively picture of the pacific bene-
fits which would ensue from the general adoption of the
principles of tree trade. I could have demonstrated to
you that nations greatly differing from each other, if it
were possible for them to communicate their ideas, lay-
ing aside their mutual prejudices, would gain extraor-
dinarily by the acquisition of information which would
be useful to the country, and would increase its enlight-
enment. I should enlarge with pleasure on these prin-
ciples, were I a Spaniard; but, as an Englishman, I think
it more delicate to leave the defence of them to Spa-
niards, in order that I may not be blamed for seeking to
propagate, beyond my own country, doctrines of which
the advantages are sufficiently known. I believe, how-
ever, that, in this enlightened assembly, there are per-
sons who, with the eloquence natural to their nation,
will know how to defend successfully these princi
pies of humanity and philanthrophy upon which it is not
allowable for me to expatiate. I am glad that after I have
communicated my sentiments to you, you will respond to
them by showine, the state of the country, and the appli-
cations of my doctrines of which it is capable, which it
is not for me to explain. In conclusion, I would wish to
propose a toast in favour of Andalucia ; but I experience
a difficulty in finding one in a country privileged by
nature, and abounding in every kind of produce. What
can I desire for this country ? A single thing is want-
ing to double its wealth—freedom of trade. Let us
drink to its attainment." Other toasts, amongst which
were the healths of the ladies of Seville, and of Mr.
Schwabe, Mr. Cobden's travelling companion, were pro-
posed and drunk; and several speeches were delivered by
Senores de los Rios Prats y Soler, and other gentlemen.

Deputy Adjutant-General's Office, Woolwich, Nov. 16,

THE STEAM NAVY of ENGLAND.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
Sir,—The distinguished position given to my first
letter upon the above important " arm of our strength"
in your journal of the 10th ult. emboldens me to return
to the subject, in the endeavour to prove by a few further
remarks how foolishly the Government have been squan-
dering money upon steam frigate building, and what
useless encumbrances the most expensive war steamers

yet in the navy are at this moment.
In my former remarks upon the " Retribution," I
observed, with regard to the gross miscalculations of her
capabilities to fulfil efficiently any of the purposes for
which she was constructed, that " either the constuctor
should have known his vessel would be ruined and use-
less if such tremendous power (800 horse to 1,600 tons)
were given to her, or the engineer should have known that
his engines were by far too powerful for the vessel, and
protested against the waste of his strength ofmaterials' by
having them placed in a vessel whose capabilities were not
sufficient for their support." Since those remarks ap-
peared, I have been informed that the engineer did pro-
test against the injury which would certainly accrue to
his name and work if the Government persisted in their
order of having so much horse-power given to so little
tonnage. That the protest was not attended to is too
obvious to need a declaration of the fact ; and the result
is, that a steamer which cost the country upwards of
91,0001. in construction merely, is now lying in Ports-
mouth harbour a useless log upon the water. Here, then,
is atonce one, and the chief, cause of the failure of our
system of steam-ship building for war purposes. The
Government order a vessel to be built without consulting
the engineer upon the subject; they finish the hull, which
is all perfection (to them) ; and then in the very limited
space which they leave for their reception, they order the
engineer to place his engines. He remonstrates, says his
engines of the required power will not go into, much less
work well in, the space left open for their reception.
The reply is peremptory, " you must make them go
in, or we will apply to another engineer who will ;" and
this is the cause why nearly all the steamers which have
latterly been constructed have turned out miserable and
expensive failures. That this short-sighted and discre-
ditable system does not prevail elsewhere than in the
Government contracts is proved by the fact of merchant
steamers being so vastly superior for all purposes to
those of Government. Why is this ? Because in the
merchant service the engineer and the shipwright have
something in common ; there they calculate the means
allowed them before they begin their work; the engineer,
in short, works with the shipwright; and the result is the
production of some of the most beautiful and perfect
model models of steam-ship building ever launched. If
this beneficial communion between the scientific bodies
were pursued in the Government establishments, we
never should see such disgraceful exhibitions as the Re-
tribution and Avenger, " laying np" from sheer inability
to perform any of the duties for which a steam•frigate
is essentially intended.
The Sphynx steam-sloop of 1,056 tons and 500 horse-
power, is another instance of the monstrous overpower-
ing of our steam-vessels, and will, doubtless, prove a
similar failure to the Retribution, from the same caw.
Nor is the Terrible, of 1,847 tons and 800 horse power,
built by Lang, any more valuable as a war-steamer than
any of the so-called " intuitives." It is true sbe has a
9:reater proportion of tonnage in comparison with her
horse-power than her defeated rival, and is, therefore,
upon the face of the performances hitherto recorded, the
greater failure of the two. The cost of building this
huge steamer is officially stated at the enormous sum of
101,3511. I—actually more in amount than the cost of
building a two-decker of 90 guns I And which would be
the more profitable and serviceable ship to the country
of the two ? lam inclined to think the latter in every
point. Much has been said about the Terrible's
fighting armament, high encomiums having been
written upon her for carrying 16 guns, and being
particularly smart in saluting ; but of what use would
her 16 guns be against any 16-grin sloop in the service,
of one-fourth her tonnage ? Why, the latter would
capture her or sink her. There never was a more
monstrously absurd idea fostered than that broadside
guns can ever be of the slightest effective use in
steamers. No steamer in the world, upon the principle
of those under notice, can ever fight at broadside.
Where, then, can be the utility of the much-vaunted
main-d,ck armament of the Terrible ? This vessel,
which cost in construction and fitting for sea more
t,t,) hornemoneyrnrsr,egar, thantev.ai
ielsg.
a,more
a,so
orscorea cltolohefnaddoaa-nit•yha, tafisethnol
"fine
pfn
sailer,-b"
foi
yi fet-
17rbi,4;tat
engagelcel
a, sh i pd, aat n
tdh
ewhose
class a
goodt present in
the service, is called a "fine sailer," a "good sea-boat,"
" stears easy," and stands up stiff under canvass. Taking
all these hackneyed encomiums for granted, ought she
not to do all these things well, considering the very
" stiff" price she has cost the country ? With her
tubular boilers her captain says he can work up to
1,100-horse power ! If so, what sea can withstand her
progress, and how will her hull appear after twelve
months' commission? But it is not my intention to
occupy your invaluable space by commenting upon the
failure of our steamers, so much as to point out the
cause of that failure, and thereby suggest an easily
practicable remedy for the evil.
No efficient steam-vessel will ever be turned out of
the Government dockyards until there is a more solid
combination of the scientific elements used in their con-
struction than at present exists—a more stable co-opera-
tion between the shipwright and the engineer. To this
end, then, should the future orders of the Government
respecting the building of war steamers be directed ;
and when the t great desideratum is obtained, there will
be no repetitions of the blunders which have been so
conspicuous in the build and armament of all the steamers,
or nearly all hitherto placed upon the British navy list.
To what end steamers can be best applied as " war
steamers," and what duty alone they can ever be calcu-
lated upon to perform with credit and certainty, I must
reserve for the subject of another letter, having tres-
passed so much upon your space by this.
Nov. 14. NAUTIC US.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
..SlR,—Observing in your paper of this evening a para-
graph, as from a correspondent, respecting a meeting
held last evening in the Southgate-road for the purpose
of establishing an improved investment and building
society, so much at variance with the truth, I cannot help
calling your attention to the subject.
I beg respectfully to inform you that the meeting was
a full one, and highly respectable, and every question
answered to the entire satisfaction of every person
present ; indeed, so much so that the person who asked
the most pertinent questions subscribed for eight shares,
and the greatest difficulty was experienced by three
gentlemen in taking down the names of members ; and
the result was that from 100 to 150 shares were sub-
scribed for before the room was closed.

I am perfectly aware of your love of justice, and have,
therefore, taken the opportunity of showing how you
have been imposed upon by some person calling himself
" a correspondent."
I am, Sir, yours respectfully,
BENJAMIN BINGLEY.
Shoreditch, Nov. 17, 1846.

THE YOUNG POET'S HYMN.
(From an unpublished Opera, entitled Life according to
Law. By Ebenezer Elliott.)
Tune, "Luther's Hymn."
To live in vain! to live in pain!
To toil in hopeless sadness!
Is this the doom of God-like man,
Oh, God of Love and Gladness?
Not so the rose in summer blows;
Not so the moon her changes knows;
Not so the storm his madness.

From storms that rock the oak to sleep,
Thy woods their beauty borrow;
And flowers, to-day, unheeded weep,
Whose seeds will live to-morrow;
So man, by painful ages taught,
Will build, at last, on truthful thought,
And wisdom won from sorrow.
Else, what a lie were written wide,
By thy right hand, my Father,
O'er all thy seas, in crimson dyed
When Morning is a bather;
O'er all thy vales of growing gold;
Or where, on mountains black and cold,
Thy clouds to battle gather.
—People's Journal.

The engagement of Madame Anna Bishop will
comber. She
terminate at Drury-lane on the 23d of Deember. She will then go on a tour through the pro-
vinces, where she has innumerableengagements to fulfil.
Mr. Templeton has returned to London after a very
successful trip to America.
DISCOVERY IN LIVERPOOL or Two RUNAWAYS.—
On Saturday two very respectably-dressed and intelli-
gent young men, apparently just out of their teens, were
brought before Mr. Rushton, on a charge of having been
found in possession of large sums of money and a brace
of loaded pocket pistols. They gave their names John
Hampson and Thomas Dickenson. Inspector M'Donald
stated that about six o'clock on the morning of that day
(Saturday), he received information that there were
two young
men in a public-house, in the Old Hay-
market, with large sums of money about them, which
they were spending freely, and a brace of loaded pis-
tols, which they were ever and anon taking out and ex-
hibiting to the bystanders. He immediately went to
the house, and, finding the two prisoners there, he re-
quested of them to accompany him to the Police-office.
They went along the streets together, and the inspector
asked Hampson how much money he had in his pos-
session. He replied that there were 100 sovereigns
in a bag. On searching the bag, however, 140 were
found. Then he was asked how much money he had in
his purse, to which he replied, from ten to twenty so-
vereigns. The purse contained sixteen sovereigns.
They had a variety of wearing apparel in their trunks.
Mr. Rushton asked whether their pistols were really
loaded?. The inspector replied in the affirmative.
Hampson said that his mother had given him the money
before he left home, and Dickenson expressed a hope
that the magistrate would dispatch some person for
their parents without delay. They said their parents
would be found at the house of Mr. John Hampson,
Nottingham. Mr. Rushton remanded them, and directed
Mr. Superintendent Brown to communicate with their
parents.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.

Sir,—There is one poic,t in the letter of Nauticus' "
published in the Times of this day, which, coming from
so esteemed an authority, will tend in my opinion to
mislead. I allude to his complaint of the excessive
power of our war steamers. Sir, the error has been
all the other way ; and I wish to show that by proper
gow, the Cork and
application of it great power is most advantageous and
safe.
Let us take the merchant steamers, which "Nauticus"
bLeridveeernp,oohlavteothGe samelas
proportion as the
Retribution, are worked at higher pressures and in con-
stant service ; blow high blow low, they make their
admires. Lon o n the The
A
passage and do not break down.
The Ajax has one horse power to two tons. Ilcr
owners are building the Minerva, of 700 tons and 415-
horse power, being an increase upon the above. The
Ajax will make her passage in 25 hours to Plymouth
with a heavy cargo ; no Government vessel would be
near her.
The City of London will reach Aberdeen in 40 horse.
The Princess Royal will in 14 hours land her passengers
at Glasgow from Liverpool. Surely, if this speed is at-
tainable in tea-going cargo-carrying vessels, and main-
tained with regularity, there is virtue in large cylindern
and plenty of steam.
Compare with these the Driver, Cyclops, Gorgon,
&c., of large tonnage, less room, and smaller power.
Why, after a succession of failures, Sir W. Symonds
or his draughtsman is permitted to build another vessel,
I leave others to say: in a merchant's yard he would
have launched one, and no more. Without being more
harsh than truth demands, it is not too much to say
that his opportunities for learning by practice have been
immense, and that he seems to be a slow scholar. Be-
sides, the nation should not be charged so high for his
education.

A DUTCH PICTURE.—As the day got on, and the
canals closed in, a more varied range of objects presented
itself to relieve 'the monotony. Huge, dreamy-looking
cows—dappled and white an , d orange-brown—laying
" their happy lengths along" in meadows, just as Paul
Potter painted them, with a willow or so for background;
and peeping above that, the sail of a barge, in some
water-path not seen ; small farm-houses, each with a
fan of trimmed trees pressed against its face—pretty and
cool enough to look at, in such blazing weather, but
which, under a
gloomy, spongy sky, must, methinks,
make a house unaccountably dismal and unhealthy.
And then, what windmills ! as grand and bold in
their forms, some of them, as the Martello tower or
beachth eir
paraphernalia
scene
brave,
r a ve;
eb
eu
mt e
ye
fcreatures
hood fifty-fold
a ers I
di c
sh
eoir
we
m wings
snnft
lighthouse, which makes so capital an artist p t i
l
o
right
many
balcony-girdleofaall
them thatched ; and then, of that soft mouse-grey
colour, than which nothing is sweeter to the eye; most
enlivened by some accident—of gay garment dangling
from the sail; or jolly miller, with his scarlet waistcoat
and his pipe; or some fair, ample miller's daughter, a
creature not exactly for Alfred Tennyson to sing,
but
for Mieris, or Maas, assuredly, to paint. I have seen no
single building, guiltless of architectural pretence, so
sumptuously handsome as these windmills; and light
them up with such a harvest moon as is now glowing—
and bring along the canal beneath them a slow gliding
track-boat, with its handful of life (and tire) on board—
and the dusky figure of the poor little towing-boy, who
trudges along the bank—and you get a picture ready
made, such as I, at least, shall always value as among
the choicest in my gallery.—People's Journal.
A PEEP INTO SHERWOOD FOREST.--Scarcely were
we seated in our pleasant hut when there came birds of
various kinds, yellowhammers, gorse-linnets, with their
rosy breasts, pied wagtails, and the graceful yellow
wagtails, winchats of the richest colours, titlarks, and
wheatears—all came to drink and cool themselves. It
was beautiful to see them in their happy freedom, be-
lieving themselves unobserved by man. Into the trans-
lucent waters they waded up to their very necks,
twittering, and even singings in their delight ; and
some stood perfectly still, enjoying the cool liquid
as it streamed through their feathers ; and others
dipped, and fluttered it over their bodies, and
made a ruffling and a scuffling in the brook that was
truly delightful to see. As these flew away, others were
continually coming and taking their places. It was evi-
dently a fashionable bathing-place with them, and that
obviously because the stream here was shallow, running
over the clear bright gravel most temptingly and accom-
modatingly. It was a peep into the life of these lowly
but lovely creatures which is rarely attained, and for the
rareness of which we have to thank our tyranny. The
happy creatures seldom stayed long ; the sense of duty
lay even upon them. They had their household cares,
and their young families, in the bushes, and amidst the
shaggy retreats of the moorland.—People's Journal.
ELECTION OF CHAIRMAN FOR THE WEST KENT
QUARTER SESSIONS.—At an adjourned general session
for West Kent, held at Maidstone on the 27th ult., a
communication, by letter, addressed to the Earl of Rom-
ney, was made to the magistrates, of the resignation of
the Chairmanship of the West Kent Quarter Sessions by
Joseph Berens, Esq., and in consequence of which an ad-
journed sessions was appointed to be held on Tuesday
last for the purpose of appointing a successor to the office.
Accordingly between forty and fifty of the magistrates
assembled at the Court House, when the Earl of Romney,
being proposed to fill the office by Thomas Law Hodges,
Esq., seconded by Lord Sidney, that Nobleman was unit-
AiluiritolY

" Nauticus" alludes to the Retribution as a complete
failure. I know, Sir, that her captain, on trying to
steam her head to wind in bad weather, bore up for
fear of foundering. Now, reduce the effective power, as
it is reduced in a heavy sea, and this surely is enough.
I thick Nauticus" hard on the Terrible, for from what
her performances have been it is early yet to judge
of her merits.

The Sphinx I saw on her trial in the river; her im-
mersion was absurd. I understand her floats have been
since reefed; but on looking at our merchants' steamers
I do not find such doctoring necessary. All merchantable
engines now work up to 90 per cent. above nominal
power, the lighter boats far more; yet they work and
last and do their duty, though pushed as no Government
boat are. The truth is, all the surveyor's ships have a
tendency to sink ; no exact calculation appears possible
of the load water line with him. As to the stowage,
&c., I believe it is equally bad, but it is foreign to my
question.

I go heartily with "Nauticus" in his recommendation
that, in or out of the Government yards, builders and
engineers should work together. Times are changed.
The India ships of Green and others are as fine vessels
and sail better than men•of-war; our merchant steam
navy is the finest existing.
Let Mr. Ditchburn, Mr. 0. Lang, Mr. Napier, of
Glasgow, Mr. Laird, of Liverpool, and others build as
they design, with their own chosen engineers, steamers
of war, to be taken if successful, to be left on their
hands it' failures; and I am sorr' for you, Sir William,
but you must do better, much better, or they will beat
you out of the field. A CIVILIAN.

•
GRAY'S INN, Nov. 18.—T. Augustine Sargood,
Esq., and Robert Rouiere Pearce, Esq., were this day
called to the degree of barrister-at-law by the Eon.
Society of Gray's Inn.

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 20, 1846.

IRELAND.

PUBLIC WORKS -LABOURERS.

DUBLIN, Nov. 17.—The Clare Journal received to-day
contains the following :
" ENNIS, Nor. 16.—At the present time men cannot
be procured by the farmers for the purpose of performing
the necessary agricultural work. We know of some in-
stances where labourers refused to accept of 7s. a week,
subject to no deductions for days when the weather
would not permit them to work, and preferred to take
their chance of employment on the public roads. The
farmers cannot afford, under existing circumstances, to
give higher wages than the above, and the consequence
is, the land is neglected ; and the evil effects of such
neglect upon the country in the coming year must be
obvious to all.
" We must again revert to the various outrages which
are still being perpetrated throughout the country. Last
week another horse was shot at Carahan, within a short
distance of the police barrack, the property of Mr. J. P.
Malony, of Cregg, on returning home from leaving some
wheat at Ennis mill to be ground into flour for the use
of his family. Another poor man of the name of Whelan,
who had also brought in 211 ass load of wheat for the
same purpose, had his ass shot at Cranaher, when re-
turning home. What is peculiarly distressing with re-
gard to such outrages is the confidence with which these
I iwless ruffians perform their deeds of violence, not being
apparently under the slightest apprehension of being
arrested by the people around. We have also received the
following account of a serious outrage on the public
works, from our correspondent at Newmarket-on-
Fergus ;
" An altercation took place on the 11th, on the new
line of road making to Fenloe, between a man named
M'Namara, who had been some time before a gangsman
in charge of a few men, and a man named Lyons, the
gangsman recently placed over him, when M'Namara
struck him two awful blows of a hammer on the head,
which has placed his life in imminent danger. On hear-
ing of it, Mr. Heard with some police were soon on the
spot, and made every exertion to find the fellow, but he
had fled. It is believed he has been arrested since,
through that gentleman's exertions, though not as yet
brought in.
" At the late presentment sessions held in this town
for the barony of Islands, a memorial for an ' extra-
ordinary sessions to present for new and reproductive
works,' was forwarded to his Excellency the Lord-Lieu-
tenant. We find by his Excellency's answer that he re
fuses the prayer of the memorial, on the ground that
there has been already a sum of 17,0001. granted for
works in the barony. The following is the reply which
has been received to the above memorial :
"6 Dublin Castle.
" Sir,—ln reference to the memorial signed by you
and other magistrates and cess-payers assembled at
Ennis at road sessions, requesting that an extraordinary
presentment sessions may be convened for the barony of
Islands, I have the honour to inform you that upwards
of 17,000/. having been already sanctioned for the relief of
destitution in that barony, and which his Excellency the
Lord-Lieutenant trusts will meet the distress which
may be expected to exist during the winter months, his
Excellency does not consider it expedient at the present
moment to convene another session. I have the honour
to be, sir, your most obedient servant,
" T. N. REDINGTON.

" Bindon Blood, Esq,' J, P., Cranaher."
MILITARY FORCE IN CLARE.
The Vice-Chairman of the Ennis Relief Committee,
Thomas Mahon, Esq., has received the following reply
to the memorial of the relief committee, praying that
the division of cavalry now here should not be re-
moved :

" Dublin Castle, Nov. 12, 1846.

" Sir,—l beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of the 20th inst., and the accompanying memorial from
the Ennis Relief Committee, and to acquaint you that it
is not intended that the cavalry force now stationed at
Ennis should be removed for the present.—l am, Sir,
your obedient servant,
" T. N. REDINGTON.

" T. Mahon, Esq., Ennis."
COUNTY OF ARMAGH.
The Armagh Guardian contains the following :
"Fellows' Hall, Armagh, Nov. 16.
" Sir,—On going up to my church (Killilea) yester-
day morning, I found the accompanying notice posted
on one of the pillars of the churchyard gate. The
only comment I shall make on the document is, that
from my long acquaintance with the peaceable cha-
racter of the inhabitants of this immediate
neighbourhood, I feel satisfied that none of them
have been concerned in so discreditable a trans-
action, which I would rather ascribe to some of those
itinerant incendiaries who occasionally traverse the
country on their errands of mischief. The corner of
the paper having been torn off before it met my eye,
some words are wanting, but the imagination of your
readers will not be heavily taxed in the attempt to supply
the hiatus, to which the previous part of the production
furnishes a key.
" I shall only add, that the wording of the document
being so superior to the spelling, the defects in the latter
respect may be nothing more than a ruse to render the
fraternity of the act less easy of detection.
" I am, Sir, your faithful servant,
" JOHN C. M`CAUSLAND.
" ATTEND TO THIS.
" fellow country men. Every thing that the farmer
was wont to call his own is now perished under the clod
—The chrisis has come when the would be mighty ones
of the earth must know the are but men they need not
the dare not attempt to ask what the people are unable
to pay—We hear daily of publick meetings and the de-
liberations of landlords—this is all fudge—the are but
foxes deliberations for the best method of preserving the

geese
" Let Landlords if they deserve the name come for-
ward like men and save the country from ruin the
people if they keep any thing to save them from starva-
tion can only pay one third of the rent they paid in
former years—Let them rack renters (and I call all by
that name who ask otherwise than as stated above) Re-
member that he that Witholdeth from man his bread
Witholdeth from him his life and the blood is the life
thereof
" Let landlords take warning in time.
" Let all their born bailiffs fear and tremble and re-
member what was onse written
" KILLING NO MURDER
" [The remainder of the notice cannot be deciphered,
in consequence of its being torn. It refers to • blood, or
bread,', and signed—' Preserver.']"
DAY OF HUMILIATION AND PRAYER.—Friday next
being the day appointed for prayer and humiliation, all
the Courts in the Hall will be closed, and public business
in the law department will be dispensed with on the
occasion. From the same cause the Corn Market, usually
held on Friday, will be postponed until Saturday. The
Bank of Ireland and other pubhc offices will be closed
on Friday.
THE CORN MARKET.—At OUT COM exchange, this
day, farmers being occupied at field labour, the supply of
all kinds of grain was small. Friday's prices were fully
maintained in all descriptions, and an advance of 6d. per
barrel was paid on grinding barley.
LORD RANFURLY AND HIS TENANTRY.
The following notification has been issued to the
tenants of the Dungannon estates :
" The Earl of Ranfurly, anxious for the welfare of
the tenantry, and deeply sympathising with them in the
loss sustained by the almost total failure of the potato
crop, has directed me to make the following uncondi-
tional reduction on the rents payable to May, 1846, with
the exceptions hereafter to be stated, namely—
" Labourers' cottages and gardens, where the rent
does not exceed 1/., the full year's rent.
Rents not exceeding 201., 20 per cent.
Rents not exceeding 301., 10 per cent.
" The exceptions are as follow:—No abatement will
bh eo
havinglmade
d holding
in the
leases a
dated
c town-parks
s e of tenants
in the
or
the
tenements
year
eh
a r holding l 7 di9;sn
,og in
or
tanleya perpetuity,sye year
aor leaseholders,
or
dp e
pre-
ceding. ceding. No allowance will be made except to those who
hold immediately from the office, and for land only in
their own occupation. Though there will be a reduction
on the full year's rent, no part of it will be made on the
half-year due in November, 1845, but only on the half-
year due at May last.
" I trust the tenantry on his Lordship's estate will
show themselves fully alive to this unsolicited act ; and
evince an equal disposition, by the punctual payment of
the rents, to bear a just proportion of a calamity over
which only an all-wise Providence has had control.
The smaller or labouring classes of tenantry are well
aware of the extensive employment afforded by his
Lordship, not only in this but other seasons ; and it is
desirable for me to make known the great advantage to
those tenants that arises from the general rule of the
office in this respect, which is, to endeavour to give em-
ployment to all, more especially at seasons of the year
when employment with the large farmer ceases.
• " ROBERT WRAY.
" Dungannon Estate-office, Nov. 12, 1846."

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
LINES FOR DORSET AND SOMERSET.

The publication of the parliamentary notices gives us
some little idea of the intentions of the two great compa-
nies of the West of England, with regard to the hotly-
disputed districts between Exeter and London. It is
quite evident that the battle between the Great Western
and London and South Western is to be contested as
stoutly as it was last year, when 100,000/. are supposed
to have been expended by each, company upon what, as
far as the public is concerned, turned out a nonentity.
But it is by no means clear what the respective compa-
nies are driving at in the event of a direct line from
Exeter to London being refused. To lay upon paper, or
trace upon a map, the various projects which we are
about to enumerate, it would appear that the railway
mania of last year is still raging furiously in the west.
Places that are hardly known to the traveller, and are
not honoured with a notice on every map, are made the
termini of projects which may be intended to bear here-
after a portion of the important traffic between London
and the Land's-end; and the branches from projected
lines are so numerous, that it might puzzle the
clearest-headed calculator to plan anything like a
"time-table" to give general satisfaction. There
is one feature in this year's contest quite novel,
and that is, that the Great Western, the Wilts,
Somerset and Weymouth, and the Bristol and Exeter
(lines that formerly were expressed by the title of the
first-named) are each in the field in apparently antago-
nistic attitudes. It has long been known that the Bris-
tol and Exeter were desirous of forming a directer line
from the latter terminus to London ; and a notice is now
given for a line from Durston, near Taunton, to Street,
near Glastonbury, and from thence running into the
Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth, at Ansford, near
Castle Cary. This is friendly towards the latter com-
pany ; but it is curious that the Wilts and Somerset
propose a line nearly identical with one projected by the
Bristol and Exeter from Bleadon to Wells. Tho Bris-
tol and Exeter project turns off to Glastonbury, and ends
at Street. The Wilts and Somerset passes on from
Wells to Shepton Mallett, into Dorset, finding a termi-
nus at Blandford. A portion of this latter ground is also
fixed on by the South-Western, who have a distinct plan
for a line from Blandford to Burton. It is also run over
by a proposed company (Bristol to Poole) irrespective of
either of the two great competitors. The London, Salis-
bury, and Yeovil have issued notices, but it is under-
stood that they abandon their intention to make a line,
and leave the South-Western to fight this part of
the battle with the Great Western: The Exeter, Yeovil,
and Dorchester, stand forward as a distinct scheme, but
with power to sell to the South-Western ; and in oppo-
sition to these schemes for the direct communication,
the Great Western propose a line from the Wilts and
Somerset at Yeovil, to St. Thomas, Exeter, there joining
the South Devon. There is also a notice for an exactly
similar line to be made by an independent company
(really emanating from the Great Western). Between
these projects will the great battle for the communica-
tion from London to the Land's-end be fought. There
are various branches from the Great Wes tern, which
we include in the following recapitulation :
BY THE BRISTOL AND EXETER.—A branch from the
southern bridge of the Uphill cutting, in the parish of
Bleadon, through Uxbridge, to Wells, Glastonbury, and
Street. Another branch from the Durston branch of
that railway, from Durston (near Taunton) to Street,
thence to Castle Cary, and terminating by a junction
with the Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth, at Ansford,
near Castle Cary. A line from Crediton to Launceston.
By THE WILTS, SOMERSET, AND WEYMOUTH.—An
alteration of line from Pitcombe, near Bleadon, to Roo-
den, near Frome. Another alteration from Bradford
(Wilts) to Bathampton. A railway from Bleadon to
Wells, Shepton Mallett, Henstridge, Sturminster, and
Blandford. A branch from Wells to Glastonbury. A
line from the Wilts and Somerset, at Trent, near
Yeovil, through Sherborne, Gillingham, Donhead St.
Mary, ending at Fugglestone St. Peter, in Wilts. A
branch from out of the last-named line from Motcombe
to Gillingham.
BY THE GREAT WESTERN.—A line from the Wilts
and Somerset, at Yeovil, to Exeter, there to join the
South Devon. A branch from Ottery St. Mary to Sid-
mouth. A branch from Chard to Ilminster. A railway
by a junction wlth the Wilts and Somerset, at Brad-
pole, near Bridport, to Chardstock. A railway from
Dlarshwood to Lyme. A line from Yeovil to Exeter,
embracing all the above-named branches, and dependent
lines to be constructed by a new company.
BY THE LONDON AND SOUTH WESTERN.—A line
from Salisbury to Yeovil. A line from Blandford to
Barton.
BY THE LONDON, SALISBURY, AND YEOVIL.—A line
from Salisbury to Yeovil, with branches to Shaftesbury
and Wincanton.
BY THE EXETER, YEOVIL, AND DORCHESTER.--A
line from Exeter to Yeovil, with branches.
BY THE BRISTOL AND POOLE.--A line from Bristol to
Poole, connecting the Bristol and English channels.

A committee of the shareholders in the Richmond line
have resolved on presenting Mr. Chadwick, their chair-
man, with a service of plate, as a testimony of the sense
they entertain of his service,
A GOOD RESOLVE.—The Great Western have given
notice of their intention to apply to Parliament for powers
to erect bridges over the line where the public roadways
cross on a level _

CONTRACTS FOR WOBR.S.—The London and North-
Western, and Stour Valley Companies, have this week
entered into contracts for works connected with the new
central station at Birmingham, and executing the cut-
tings, and laying the rails of the Stour Valley line be-
tween Birmingham and Wolverhampton. The terms are
such as will enable both companies to complete the works
at considerably less than the Parliamentary estimate.
To enable the Stour Valley Company to open early, the
London and North-Western are to lend a supply of loco-
motives and other plant.
The Norfolk Company are about to erect a slaughter-
house at their Trowse Station, about a mile from the
Norwich Cattle market, for the purpose of slaying the
bullocks there, and taking the slain meat, instead of the
live bullocks, to the London market. This (says a cor-
respondent) is to obviate the complaints so constantly
made of the beasts being bruised so much upon the rail
in their journey.
THE PROPOSED CENTRE TELEGRAPH.--The original
intention of fixing the central subterranean telegragh
office in the Strand, now in course of formation under
the streets of the metropolis, has been abandoned, for
what is conceived to be a more suitable centre, the
Royal Exchange. A large portion of that edifice, the
north-western, adjacent to the captain's room at Lloyd's
is available for the purpose. The Gresham Committee
and the authorities at Lloyd's have offered every
assistance to carry out the undertaking. Workmen are
now actively engaged laying the pipes down, in con-
nexion with the telegraph to Gosport and Portsmouth,
vie? the South-Western Railway. It is expected to be
completed to the city in the course of a fortnight. The
attention of the Company's engineer will then be directed
in uniting the Eastern Counties by the same means.
On this line of route they are hourly " talking" with
Yarmouth, Norwich,' Cambridge, Ely, Peterborough,
Blisworth ' • on the other line with Colchester and the
intermediate towns, and it is rapidly being extended to
Ipswich, Bury St. Edmunds, and Stowmarket. Prepara-
tions are also being made for extending the South-
Eastern telegraph, • in conjunction with those above
named, to the general termini. The railway companies
have no control over, nor do they derive any profit from
these extensions. The Electric Telegraph Company
have the entire management.
SOUTH-EASTERN COMPENSATION CASE.--Yesterday
a jury was empanelled before the City Recorder and
Alderman Johnson, at the adjourned Southwark Ses-
sions, and at which a bill of indictment was preferred to
try a compensation case case of " the Carpenters' Com-
pany v. the South Eastern." Mr. Montague Chambers,
Q.C., and Mr. Bodkin, were counsel for the claimants,
Mr. Alexander and Mr. Mereweather for the defendants.
Mr. Chambers, in stating the case, said the property in
question is situated in Bermondsey-street, and was be-
queathed to the Carpenters' Company nearly two
hundred years ago, and the property comprised
a public-house (the Cross Keys) and three small tene-
ments, and which was held by the present tenant ott an
unexpired term of lease of fourteen years, subject to
twenty guineas per annum rent, and which was now re-
quired by the South-Eastern Railway, in order to widen
a portion of the Greenwich Railway, for the purposes of
their scheme, and the sum claimed by the trustees of the ,
Carpenters' Company was 2,730/., and the sum offered
by the railway company was 1,300 L Several public-
house auctioneers were called as witnesses in behalf of
the claimants, who stated that upon their calculation the
premises were worth in present money 3,2001., and that
the sale being a compulsory one, the plaintiffs were en-
titled to a further remuneration of twenty-five per cent.
on the amount of the purchase money, and which, in ad-
dition to the value of the premises was 2,7301. Mr.
Alexander addressed the jury for the defendants, and
witnessss were called who estimated the full value of the
premises in question at I,2sol.—Verdict 1,800/.
ORLEANS TO BORDEAUX RAILWAY.—The whole line
between Orleans and Tours (says our Paris corres-
pondent), the communications on which had been sus-
pended owing to the late inundations, are now again
open to the public. On Friday a goods train of twenty-
eight waggons, filled ' with cattle, merchandise, &c.,
passed over the whole line without the slightest hinder.
ante. Baron de Richemont,, one of the directors, Mr.
Harrison, the head of the locomotive department, and
Mr. Woodhouse, the head engineer, accompanied this
train, in order to ascertain by personal inspection that
everything was in perfect order for the conveyance of the
public.
BISHOPSTOXE AND SALISBURY BRANCH OF THE
SOUTH-WESTERN. BISHOPSTOICE..-- .Another serious
slip of earth, says our correspondent, on this branch,
took place yesterday, to a greater extent than the one
which occurred about three weeks ago, and within a
short distance of the same. It was fortunate no men
were at work near the place at the time. There is not
the least probability of the opening taking place on the
Ist of December next, as has been reported ; nor is it
likely it will be in a fit state for traffic for six months
from the present time. To remove the carried-in earth
cannot be accomplished in less than three months, even
if the weather permits ; but should wet and frost suc-
ceed, many apprehend further fallings in, from the
nature of the soil in some parts of the digging.
At the last meeting of the Haven and Pier Commis-
sioners of Yarmouth consent was accorded to an applica-
tion from the Norfolk Company for permission to build a
bridge across the Bure, with a view to make a passenger
station in Yarmouth, and to facilitate the transit of goods
from the tramways on the quay to the line.
A vein of coal, which on trial was discovered to be of
very good quality, has been discovered by some navvies
on the line from Bletchley to Oxford, near Pounden.
The river Cherwell, at a curve near Banbury, has
been filled up, and a straight line cut for the Oxford and
Rugby works. It formed the boundary line for the
counties of Northampton and Oxford, and its being
diverted may some day lead to a doubt as to what county
1 that portion of the line is in.
Our local co respondent states, tht 010 directors of