The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-18 00:00:00

the respective countries in the y ear 1815 on the select of
;era") and cons
eeded that it was the duty of this country at
haveto remonstrate assainst these violations. They might not
ate succeededsucceededin prevereitig, it, but it WO3 their duty to have
women some step in the matter. The question he wanted to know
wether any remonstt once tad been made on the port'of this
teuntrY- Recent transactions in that country shower! the ne-
essity of some interference, and he believed that if a British
'consul had been appointed to Cracow much of these atrocities
might have been removed, the detaio) of which were so revolt-
ing that they could scarcely be credited. It would be some
rnisfaction to these who took 'an inter st in the unfortunate
He know, that steps had been taken by this Government.
ne hoped he ghoul I live to see the day when Poland should
°nee more assert her dignity, and free herself front the despotic
tyranny of those nations which hail oppressed her. It might
*cl that he was indulging a forlorn hope, but he thought
lot such hopes, if kept up, would tend to preserve and keep
tve the feeling ofliberty in the b .soms of that generous people.
Mr. M. AIILNES felt that in that House individuals might
which
remarks upon the conduct of foreign Governments
'nich members of this Government might not think it prudent
ty
° make. He considered that the principle o: non-interference
was in general the best. He believed, ho wever. that the present
cowling was one of right, and might afford some grounds for
remonstrance, but he did not know to what good purpose
onstrance could tend unless they were prepared to resort,
st
totnhdwh
the eltyinta ratio regium. If they did that, he could under-
they should complain of the violation of treaties, but
otherwise it appeared to him to be utterly useless, and worse.
Cracow was as independent a town as Hambro, and by the
treaty of Vienna this was distinctly secured. There might he
ule difficulty in reconciling the 6 h and 9th article of that
treaty, but he could not conceive a case so unjust as the inva-
toon by an armed force of the territory of Cracow. If bands of
Oonspirators were plotting, against the peace of that republic,
that was not a just reason for the armed occupation of the
territory et Cracow. It was the duty of the protective
Powers to investigate the subject, and to assist the authorities
jof Cracow to suppress those conspiracies, but there was no
ustification whatever for the occupation of Cracow by Austria,
and their retention of it to this moment. The accounts of
the transactions which took place there were very contused,
but it could not be doubted that some of the most
revolting scenes which occurred in Galicia were
unparalleled in the history of the world. The Hon. Gentle-
enau, after describing the relationship that existed between the
Peasants of Galicia and the proprietors ef the land there, pro-
ceeded to say that 1,478 landed proprietors were massacred by
the peasants, and brought to the Austrian Government in com-
pliance with their orders. 60 or 70 of them were priests; and
err one family there were no less than 16 individuals destroyed.
He would now ask, were the authors of these cruelties, these
unheard-of atrocities, punished? No; they were not. Nor
wag there the least inquiry into the matter. Now, these were
historieel facts, and could not be denied If they occurred in a
distant country—in any place—he thought they were bound in
that House to call upon their own Government to remonstrate
against them. With regard, however, to Cracow, this country
was bound by solemn treaty to inquire why they were perpe-
trated, to investigate the whole circumstances, and to guard
against their occurrence. He would not enter into the ques-
tion of conspiracy, as alleged against the proprietors ; but if it
ban really so, why, he would ask, were they not dealt with
.by the ord nary political and military Governments. The Aus-
%%Government had no reason to apprehend any fear, if the
80.60 conspiracies really existed, for they had an army of
"volt hmattlaaot hanid• on receiving the first intimation that a
'ward Ch's ease Place. He trusted that he had b-ought for-
thuet
Round must,
in a spirit of moderation, arid he earnestly hoped
Government would be able to justify their acts;
Would nout t, at the same time, express his conviction that they
however be able to do se._( Hear, hear.) He was sure,
ja, th , that if they did nut do tardy justice in this instance.
Zuro e end, when tee), needed assistance, the provinces
. of
t
LordlnPe might so construe the treaty as to refuse to give
PALMERSTON said, however much they might be
disposed by their feelinss to go back into events connected with
e former history of Poland, they ought to confine themselves
tr
the es,
easy its Which had occurred since the ratification of the
Vienna. The tn,,tion which his Hon. Friend the
Member for Pontefract had made he could not bring himself to
toncede to. His Hon. Friend moved for the production of a
!oe,rtiespondence which took place between the British Govern-
,:
„years and the Governments of Austria, Russia, and Prussia ten
eel ago, turning upon a state of things then existing, and
otiltlng to matters which had long been settled and determined.
th 7,,bioh_could in no way serve either to instruct or enlighten
Gea_rt.,ouse upon the immediate occurrence which the Hon.
• "Lieraan had brought under their consideration.—( Hear,
T% ) The correspondence was simply an expression of
nerent opinions upon certain rights and claims; and it could
tltoductive of no good results to rip up those matters
be ' had long been buried and settled, and which did n
„aar uPon the question now at issue.— ( Hear, hear.) He did
attach so much to the appointment of a consulet at Cracow
Lee• seelloo Hon. Gentlemen did, because had such a functionary
toioua naPpointed when the subject was agitated in 1 836, he could
dust as
have of
information which must have reached
" quick, and just as authentic, through another channel.
''(Hear, hear. Now, he should be quite ready to give his
to Oo Friend those papers, and that correspondence with regard
oth? present state of things which had been moved for in the
r, House of Parliament.—(Cries of Hear, hear.'') it
tolOossible to deny that the treaty of Vienna had been
• steel by the recent proceedings in Cracow, and it must
Frr,etnembered that not only were Austria, Russia, and
G Ina parties to the conditions of that treaty, but there were
eat Britain, France, and other powers, who were parties to
There could be no doubt that those who drew up the treaty
tlnhnded that it should protect the small state of Cracow ; and,
heeed, the treaty itself provided that it should be placed under
it three Powers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia. But while
Lens placed so far under the control of those powers, it must
oiormitted en all hands that the treaty gave to Cracow the
Trots privileges and responsibilities of an independent state.
neeot,'reble Lord having entered into the details of the recent
Tee seuecce in Cracow, which have already been given fully. in
army
Ivo, Proceeded to say, that the entrance of the Austrian
for the as a decided violation of the treaty of Cracow,
ttelaieolfreeatY provided, that under no pretence should the
otireanr. ) us tinu et
s of Chet
adjacent powers enter into Cracow.—( Hear,
Powers had was' nevertheless, firmly of opinion that the three
engegeesee not the remotest intention of departing from their
n doubt. I. thetreaty of Vienna, and he entertained little
Cracow tuat the three powers would place the republic of
_eow
hear, "runt the footing on which it formerly stood.—(t
three) At all events he hoped it was the intention of the
h. Powers to do so. He had no knowledge to the contrary,
he thought the House would find from the papers which
48 should produce some intimation or assurance of their
,intention to restore Cracow to its former position.—(Hear,
) He entertained too high an opinion of the sense of
Ittatice and of right which must animate the Governments
of Austria, Prussia, and Russia, to believe that they could
nave any disposition to treat Cracow otherwise than Cracow
Was entitled to be treated by the treaty of :Vienna. He
was quite sure that those Governments must be sufficiently
Rations to have seen the force of that reasoning, to which his
non. Friend the Member for Pontefract had referred, namely.
that the treaty of Vienna must be taken as a whole, and it
could not be permitted for any power to depart from one article
which did not please them, and at the same time to act upon
another which might happen to serve a particular purpose of
their. own._
(Hear, hear.) It could not have escaped the
sagacity of those powers, that the treaty of Vienna, it violated
n respect of one state, might be violated in respect of all the
stater it embraced ; for instance, if this principle of violation
as applied to a state on the banks of the Vistula, it might br
the
to the German States on the banks of or adjacent n
y_ta Rhine, or those on the banks of the Po.—( Hear, hear.) He
;:to‘e,i therefore, convinced that a sense of policy, a sense of
;rlo.l'ne.t_ere(st on the part of those powers would induce them te
that the treaty of Vienna must be respected as a
Cheers.) It must be for their interest that
tirsaeow
firm c should b restored to its former position, and it was
re, onvictione , that Austria, Prussia and Russia woulo
Peet the treaty of Vienna, and restore 'Cracow accordingly.
till Hear, hear.) He should have wished to avoid adverting
heetomernent to the other topic which the Hon. Gentlemar,
tete relight under his notice, but as it related to events of a
R occurrence he could not allow the observations of the
or, ce
this vue t'fltlernar. to pass by unnoticed. Now, it was perfectly
Horiat alicia formed part of Austria, but he differed. with
tre.at • °fiend in thinking that there was anything in the
Of intYeGroffe:::::' %13;6 ;aye the British Government thr righ.
1,?? ' in th &smite in question.—(Hear,) While he.
nor' said this e uLch;he was perfectly ready to admit tha
rep
rigboets,e, smtandine in that House as they did as the
atives of a great anti a free country, had a perfect
which'cl discuss and express their opinions upon sitn
feed recently taken place in Galicia. Indeed meth
tte°erstseic expected that an independent Member of the Britisl,
Li 5g
attire should have any restraint put upon him, to preven
pressing his views anTI opiniors with regard to such mat-
th , but it was widely different with respect to a member 4.
L° Government, who could not always be at liberty to avail
He was
of so much letitutle for comment and observation.
toe "as afraid that his Pon. Friend had understated tht
salrer—( Hear, hear ._but he (Lord Palmerston) had not
ad an opportunity of referring to official information ;he was
peaking from information which had just been published and
!OA before the other House of Parliament. And he believed
that if the facts which had taken place at Cracow were fully
Published, they would be found to be without example, he might
almost say in any age—( Hear, hear)—but certainly without
example in any modern history of Europe.—( Hear, hear.)
lie could not believe that these proceedings were sanctioned
or known by the Government.—(Hear,hear. ) He was not in
a condition to deny, he would not say disbelieve, that those .
Proceedings were regulated or governed by he local authorities.
He was afraid that there was too much reason to believe the
correctness of the statement which his Hon. Friend had made,
but he was convinced that those offences must have cause's
grief and affliction to the Government of Vienna. He was
afraid that a Government like Austria, which prided
itself upon the maintenance of order, and upon a
Government that was called paternal and kind
end conservative of the honour of subjects which were under
its sway—he never could believe that that Government could
have learne4, without the greatest pain, affliction, and distress,
the deplorable proceedings which had taken place at Galicia.
Although it was not convenient for the Government of Eng-
land to interfere in a matter so exclusively confined to the Go-
vernment of the country in which these transactions had taken
Place, yet, as an individual Member of that House, he might
be permitted to express his conviction that the enlighteeed
linen of the Government of the empire of Austria would feel
it to be, not only their duty, but would also feel it their pleasure
and their satisfaction to take such steps as might be in their
Dower, not to redress, for that was impossible, but to mitigate,-
a° far as in them lay, the miseries and calamities that had re-
tcieletly taken place in Galicis.—( Hear. hear.) He would say,
if ejetore, tbat he trusted his Hon. Friend would excuse him
no did not feel himself at liberty to accede to the par-
tiaular motion which he had made; but he thought that the
Papers which he (Lord Palmerston) was prepared to give him
fefford him more practical information on the subject
°t the
L. 4e transactions than were, in psont of fact, asked for
fajrQ'S motion. He could assure his Hon. Friend, that so
oe recommendations from this Government to that of
&Istria went, he would do all in his power to mitigate the
eqa complained of—( Cheers.)
htlr• 110 WRING said that the Members of that House, and
isoe People of the country must feel greatly indebted to the
ies.,,o;dreletativiord for the speech which he had made on this occa-
-uone—( Hear, hear.) The Noble Lord had referredndwiil.athd
unids
choeu
net:hryye circumstances which had taken place, a
important acknowledgement to this andcountry,
teh
a
t.O.the world—namely that the treaty of Vienna, oh i
lid been broken—( Hear, ear)
ees.r, hoped tshaat- iat" might a go forth to the world that
make
ite° t lan
"at treat Government who had been the first parties to
He
Y, were the' first to break it.—( Hear, hear.)
coat
not but feel that this question, which hail been for-
ays
,atelY brought forward b his Hon. Friend was but a small
bets ern of a great disease, and thounh it mieht suit the I
t;e
b sof that House to refer to the state of things long on
et as "net that would never return, and to hold those Poles
and istill sighed to see their nationality recegnised. and grieve.)
~f
,O,ni!uishert for the restoration of the rights and liberties
r country, as entertaining wild hopes, he would
Caetare to remind that House tat though
of Cabinet had sanctioned the destruction of the rights
and )l", that the crime had not yet been expiated,
to
hat
that the popular opinion which alone could give a sanction
that fiches—lhat same popular opinion had never recognised
quiet rnisleed•—,( Cheers.) Poland must be subject to dis-
th -ude while the present state of things remained. Whilst
toeLPere"nt evils existed in thet country there would continue
tthe friends of freedom and of ihe redemption of that coun-
dreYinvihu would demand the restoration of Polish rights ; and their
"4: and hopes would We a response the bosom of