The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-17 00:00:00

" that the carriages shall be provided with
seats, and protected from the weather, in a manner
satisfactory to the Board of Trade." The power of
that Board is transferred to the Railway Commis-
sioners by the Act of last session, and it is supposed
that a general control and supervision of all the ex-
isting railways will be placed in their hands. It is
not too much to hope that the Commissioners will use
the power in their bands, and see that the carriages
are properly sheltered from the weather. A mere
covering is not sufficient, with a thorough draft
rushing through them and chilling the unhappy
as iIVIGILANS" states, be
exits, and properly glazed;
aivsisdeenisnthecy compartments,
should,partm
Make the other carriages as much more luxurious as
you please, but see that the health of the
poorer classes is preserved from injury. The
sanatory condition of the public has attracted the at-
tention of our Government; there are few points more
necessary to be provided for than that to which we
have adverted. If the Commissioners possess the
power with respect to all the trains that they have in
the Parliamentary ones, they should exercise it with-
out any unnecessary delay ; if they have not, it should
forthwith be granted to them. The public comfort
and the preservation of the public health must be re-
garded as well as the public safety.

A letter from Athens, of the 30th ult., says—
" The opening of the third session of the Congress
seems to prove that, notwithstanding the illness of the
President of the Council, M. Coletti, the Ministry will
not only be strong enough to contend with its enemies
in the Chambers, but even to maintain its majority.
It is true that the Opposition has succeeded in ob-
taining the election of M. Anastase, one of its candi-
dates, to be a Vice-President of the Senate, but this is
rather to be attributed to the fault of the Ministerial
party than to the strength of its adversaries. Besides,
the Government has got all its candidates chosen in the
Chamber of Deputies. The Opposition candidate for the
Presidency, M. Flachos, had only 22 votes out of 85.
During the last fortnight the health of the President of
the Council has been improving, and it is hoped that he
will soon be able to resume his place at the head of the
Government. On Friday the King visited him, and sat
by his bedside for nearly half an hour ; his Majesty in-
formed him that the King of Bavaria had conferred
upon him the grand cross of the Order of Merit. On
retiring, the King expressed to M. Coletti's family his
joy at the approaching re- establishment of a man so gene-
rally beloved in Greece. Prince Oscar of Sweden ar•
rived in Athens two days ago, and it is said means to
make some stay."

The persons comprised in the affair of Rimini, and
who, after taking refuge at Fiume, on the coast of
Dalmatia, had been imprisoned by order of the
Austrian Government, have arrived at Ravenna, with
passports sent to them by the POPE, who has forgiven
their offence, and given them leave to return to their
native country.
Letters from Rome state that the differences be-
tween the Government of Spain and the Holy See
have been adjusted.

We read in a letter from Warsaw of the sth—
"The ukase relative to the dress of the Jews has
produced a great change in their social relations. A
great number of the Jews of this city are much
pleased with the ukase, as it enables them without
dread to assume the modern costume. Many of them
retained the old dress only out of deference to some
members of their families."

A letter from Tarnow (Austrian Galicia), in a
Frankfort paper, states that several bands of armed
peasants have been formed near Mount Feilra, with
the famous SZELA at their head.
Intelligence has been received at Vienna that M.
DEMBINSKI, chief of the insurgent Poles, who had
disappeared after the defeat of the nobles of Galicia,
near Lissa, has been arrested at Cilly (Carniola).
He had been concealed in Hungary, and by means
of a false passport, was travelling with a lady when
arrested.

The Universal German Gazette mentions a report
that the Duke DE BORDEAUX intends in the spring to
fix his residence at Treves.

The Police Gazette of St. Petersburgh, of the Ist,
contains an order in the name of the EMPEROR
against the making of explosive cotton by private indi-
viduals, on account of the dangers attending the pre-
paration, and also against all experiments with this
new substance, except by special permission from the
authorities.

We have received the Paris papers of Monday.
They contain long accounts of the elections of the
mayors and assistant-mayors of the different arron-
dissements of Paris, which were then proceeding. On
Monday morning AL BARBET, the friend of 111.
Tunas, was at the head of the poll. His election
will he considered by the Opposition as a great
triumph.

It appears from the following article in the Porte-
feuille, that the protest against the annexation of
Cracow, after it had been drawn up by M. GUIZOT,
was submitted by the KING to a secret council of
irresponsible advisers, consisting of Count MoLE, the
Duc DBCAZES, the Duc PANNIER, and some other
wasbpermitted to submity them considerably
friendsmodified o fbeforethe
y s.tGy,
u,
iaznodT
was
it to the responsible advisers of the Crown. We know
not whether this is the usual manner in which "they
manage these things in France," but we know that if
in England the SOVEREIGN were to submit the
official documents drawn up by her responsible
Ministers to an irresponsible clique, that the respon-
sible Ministers, no matter to what party they
might belong, would at once resign. M. Guizo;
however, seems rather pleased than otherwise at this
manifestation on the part of the KING of want of
confidence in his responsible advisers. The following
is the article in the Portefeuille:—

" The first point was to decide whether the protest
was to have the character of a note or of a dispatch. In
other words, was it to be sent directly to the Court of
Vienna or to M. de Flahault? The form of a dispatch
appeared preferable, because it gives to an able diplo-
matist tke opportunity of employing all the resources
of his personal influence. M. de Flahault possesses a
perfect tact, uses most conciliatory language, and his
mode of acting is marked by the most perfect polite-
ness; he enjoys at Vienna general esteem; all
the highest society frequents his drawing-room;
he is on excellent terms with Prince de Metternich;
he is consequently in the best possible situation to
make use of a dispatch from his Government. That
point being decided, it was necessary to fix the
character of the protest. It was meditated at length,
all the terms were carefully weighed, and, before being
submitted to the approbation of the Council, it under-
went, we are assured, considerable modifications. We
believe that we can oven affirm that some high person-
ages, admitted within a sanctuary closed to vulgar eyes,
were consulted. Their experience, their age, their ele-
vated functions—the part they have taken in the affairs
of the country—rendered them worthy of such confidence.
They all, it is said, approved of the changes effected in
the language and spirit of the protest. 'We believe we
can also state that two eminent members of the diplo-
matic corps were allowed to see it when modified; and
probably M. Guizot informed them of nothing; new
when he read it to them. The wording in its corrected
form received the approbation of the Council of Mi-
nisters. We are well pleased that the matter passed in
this way. If the sentiments of which the Presse had
made itself the imprudent organ had prevailed, who
could say what the consequences of the protest might
be? We have already hinted at them, and we persist in
saying that in a menacing protest, particularly in the
present state of our relations with England, there would
be both folly and weakness. Let us be grateful for the
prudence which knew how to preserve France."
According to the Esprit Public, M. TRIERS was
asked to join the secret council of irresponsibles, but
he very properly
declined to do so, alleging as his
reason that, " should he feel disposed to criticise it
before the Chamber of Deputies, he would rather do
so on the assumption that the document in question
was the work of Ministers."
The remarks which have appeared in the English
papers on the reception given by France to the Bey
of Turns seem to have caused considerable excite-
ment in Paris. The France seems to be of opinion,
that M. Gunor will have to pay dearly at Constan-
tinople for his petty triumph in Paris :
" T,he reception of the Bey by the French Govern-
ment has already roused the susceptibility of Great
Britain. Our jealous neighbours seem disposed to be
angry at the very slight satisfaction which M. Guizot
has given to himself. One London journal has oven
laid hold of the circumstance in order to launch out into
absurd declamations against us. According to this
journal, it is a great liberty on the part of the French
Government to receive the Bey with the honours due
to a sovereign prince, when the other Powers, par-
ticularly England, refuse, out of respect for the
Porte, to give him that quality. These scruples do
not come very well in .n the present circumstance. We
know, thank God, that the English are much less
scrupulous when it is their interest to be so, and
we shall take care not to advise the French Cabinet
to give way to the reproaches which are addressed to it.
But, at the same time, ought we not to fear that the offi-
cial manifestations of M. Guizot towards the Bey of
Tunis may become for France a sorry recommendation
at Constantinople? England will take care to turn this
circumstance to profit, and to ruin the little influence
which we may still retain with the Porte. In our opi-
nion, it would hays been easy for the French Cabinet to

have avoided this disadvantage, It might have given to
its reception of the Bey of Tunis a less official charac-
ter, and have shown less vanity in its petty triumph.
The result would have been the same; the conduct of
France less significative, and foreign susceptibility less
lively. Successes, however, with the Cabinet of the 29th
October are so rare, that it cannot afford to pass them
over in silence, even at the risk of showing its incapa-
city and its ignorance.

The meetings in England on the subject of Ota-
heite are evidently producing a great effect on the
public mind in France. On this subject the C on-
titutionnel says—
" We know how little importance is to be attached in
general to these declamations. The orators of English
clubs do not observe much reserve in their expressions.
It is not rare, for instance, to hear the nigrophiles ex-
press themselves in terms still more violent, if pos-
sible, in speaking of the owners of slaves, without
distinction of rank or character. But, under existing
circumstances, these meetings, which take place with
a strange simultaneousness on so great a number
of points, indicate new efforts. The Protestant
missionaries wish to turn to account at Otaheite
the rupture of the friendly relations between
France and England. They have proposed, amongst
other means of forcing us to quit Otaheite, ore
which would consist in making a desert of the
island by favouring emigration. The population would
be distributed amoung the other islands of the Archipe-
lago, particularly Raiatea, where Pomare has her re-
sidence. The Missionary Society is rich enough to be
able to carry this project into execution, if it has only
the tacit consent of the English Government. If it
should be executed, not only should we have to support
all the privations of our isolation at Otaheite, but also
to dread the continual incursions of the refugee popula-
tion of the neighbouring islands. Our Ministry would
then have to expiate the fault that it committed in re-
nouncing the extension of the Protectorate over these
islands, which have always been inhabited by a warlike
people."

In consequence of the severity of the weather,
neither English, Spanish, nor South German mails
arrived in Paris on Monday.
The Money Market in Paris is improving, the
prices of funds and shares have risen, the stock of
precious metals in the Bank is increasing, and busi-
ness in general has assumed a more healthy ap-
pearance.

The Three per Cents, closed on the Paris Bourse on
Monday at 81f. 25c. ; the Five per Cents., 118 f. 65c.; the
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,270 f. ; Rouen, 910 f. ; Havre,
6601. ; Great Northern, 655 f. ; Avignon, 8921. 50c. ; Vierzon,
6051. ; Bordeaux, 5651.; Boulogne, 438 f. 75c. ; Basle, 2201. ;
Paris and Strasburg, 485 f.; Tours and Nantes, 4951.; Paris
and Lyons, 515 E ; Lyons and Avignon, 4851.; Belgian Two-
and-a-Half per Cents., 55%; Spanish Actives, 333/4 ; Ditto
Three per Cents., 38%2.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DECEMBER 15.
Dutch Rhenish, 4% —Great Western Bengal, 14—Jamaica
South Midland Junction, 1%—Luxembourg, :14 —Mad ra s,
Nellore, and Arcot, A—Northern of France Constituted,
lON—Orleans and Bordeaux, B—Paris and Lyons Consti-
tuted, 514,—Paris and Strasbourg Constituted,

THIRD-CLASS CARRIAGES.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—You have always shown great attention to the
sufferings of the poorer classes of the community; for
that reason I hope you will exercise your 'able and
powerful pen to put down the open third-class carriages
on railways. I see a poor women died in one of them
the other day, and I have no !doubt that hundreds of
others have silently died from the colds and fevers that
have been caught in inclement weather in these un
christian conveyances. Many poor people may die, and
none take notice of it. Let the dirt ctors put to death
one Noble Lord, one Member of Parliament, in the way
they have punished to death many of the afflicted poor,
and some remedy will be applied. It a ill then be seen
that if no open third-class carriages were allowed by
law, and second-class carriages were by law divided into
compartments, and glazed and made comfortable, while
the first were made as luxurious as you like, that the
interests of the railway companies and of the public
would be consulted by more first-class places being taken,
and by numbers having their lives spared to travel
again, instead of being killed off, as they now arc. In
times gone by the coach proprietors went upon the
Christian principle of making all their passengers, inside
and out, as comfortable as they could. All the best
coaches had cushions on the outside seats ; and they
found this system answer. The merciless, unchristian,
monopolising railway directors persecute the poor by
their wicked open third-class carriages, and make the
second-class, with great reluctance, tenantable, on the
covetous and unhallowed principle of compelling, by
torture, the poorer to pay more than they can afford,
and the respectable middling classes to travel by first-
class conveyances.

By calling attention to this subject you will do grew
good, and remedy an enormous abuse of power.
Your obedient servant,

VIGILANS,

RECAL OF THE FRENCH CONSUL

FROM MAURITIUS.
There is every reason to believe that the French
Consul at the Mauritius, M. Barbet de Jouy, has, on
account of his unwarrantable letter to the English Ad-
miral Dacres, been recalled by his Government.
The following are the circumstances of the case:—
Admiral Dacres was invited to a ball by the officers on
the station. According to etiquette a list of the guests
were laid before him, and on the name of the French
Consul meeting his eye, he observed that that gentleman
had omitted to pay him his respects according to usage.
Thereupon two officers waited npon the French Consul
to withdraw the invitation, with a courteous explanation
of the cause. The Consul, so far from apologising,
wrote an insulting letter to the Admiral, which the
latter enclosed to his Government. Lord Palmerston
laid the case before the French Government, and the
latter have decided in the way wo have just intimated.

The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yes-
terday, and heard an appeal from British Guiana " Chap-
man v. British Guiana Bank." Lord Brougham gave
judgment dismissing the appeal.
THE ENGLISH MATRON.—An admirable little
volume, under the above title, has just appeared, from
the pen of the authoress of " The English Gentleman."
It is published at a most seasonable period, and will
doubtless meet with great success, as it forms so appro-
priate and useful a pre: eat book for any lady ; adapted
equally for the wife of the nobleman, the clergyman, the
professional or mercantile man, and, indeed, for ladies of
all conditions of life, In her former work, intended
for the preparation of young ladies for society, the
author enforced, in the most strenuous manner, the im-
perative necessity of cultivating the mind, aad of form-
ing the habits. The present volume is calculated to
show in what manner the previous efforts are likely to
bear upon the happiness of a married life.
THE NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE WRITER.--The
author of " Whitefriars" has, it appears, in his new work,
" Caesar Borgia," drawn the character of the hero's cele-
brated sister, Lucretia, in a totally different spirit to that
in which she has been commonly represented in modern
times ; but in a spirit quite accordant with history, and
particularly with the account given by the distinguished
historian of the Pontificate of Leo the Tenth. The
doubts, therefore, that might have arisen in the minds of
some readers as to the nature of this work, may bs im-
mediately dispelled, and they may safely proceed to the
enjoyment of one of the most interesting works of fiction
published of late years, and which cannot fail, sooner or
later, to obtain for the author a place in the front rank
of historical romancists.

WESTMINSTER REFORM SOCIETY.--Tuesday night,
at eight o'clock, a full meeting of the committee of the
Westminster Reform Society was held at Stannard's
Hotel, Upper Wellington-street, Covent-garden, for the
purpose of further considering the representation of
Westminster, Mr. Geesin in the chair. Several new
members having been introduced, and the subject for
which the committee was convened having been taken
into consideration, Mr. Prout proposed a resolution to
the effect—" That all are resolved to place a candidate
in the field who will conciliate all sections of reformers ;
and to that end the committee are directing their united
attention." Dr. Bainbridge, of St. Martin's, seconded
the resolution, which was agreed to unanimously.
Thanks were then voted to the chairman, and the meet-
ing separated.
ALARMING FIRE AT BERMONDSEY.—Friday night,
shortly after eleven o'clock, a fire broke out in thppre-
mises, belonging to Mr. Olney, fellmonger,i
Uppertirstßussell-street, Bermondsey. The flames were
dis-
covered by a policeman. An instant alarmw was raised,
and information sent to the engine stations. In the
course of a few minutes the parish engine,tyof water en the
with several
others, arrived. There being p
premises, a couple of the engines were taken within the
gates of the works, and by leading the hose up the stair-
case the firemen were enabled to discharge
eargmensthe
copious
streams of water upon the flames, by
further progress of the fire was stayed, but it was past
twelve &clock before the firemen
by that period the dry-
ing stove, three floorshad succeeded in en-
tirely extinguishing thefl
m
high, was nearly burnt out, and
the wool loft adjoining severely damaged. The cause of
the fire could not be ascertained.
Suspicious DEATH OF A SAILOR.--Tuesday
Mr. W. Carter held an adjourned inquest, at the Swan
Tavern, Battersea-bridge, upon the body of a man un-
known, who bad been found drowned. The body had
been picked up on Thursday last, as it floated up with
the tide, and conveyed to the above house. It had been
in the water some time, but there were marks visible of
ill-usage. The neck was discoloured, as if some ligature
had been fastened round it, and there were two incised
wounds on the face. The circumstances were so sus-
picious, that the coroner adjourned the inquiry for a
pod mortem examination. On Tuesday Dr. W. Connor
deposed to having examined the body. From the ap-
pearances, his opinion was that deceased died from im-
mersion in the water, although there were marks of some
violence, but not sufficient to prove fatal. Two young
women, living in the neighbourhood of the Commercial-
road, were examined with regard to the identity of the
deceased. They both stated their belief, but refused to
swear positively, that his name was Robert Pepper, and
he had been a boatswain. He was last seen alive about
two months since, when he joined the Pestonjee Bo-
manjee, which was lying off Woolwich with convicts
for Sydney. Pepper had, it appeared, been shipped by
a Jew named Solemons when intoxicated, and when he
knew the vessel he was going into he became very dis-
pirited. The witnesses, however, had believed him to be
on his voyage to Sydney. The jury returned the fol•
lowing verdict:—" That the deceased was found drowned
in the Thames; that he had no marks of violence as to
cause death; but who he was, or by what means he came
into the water, the jury have not sufficient evidence to
determine."