The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-05 00:00:00

OVEII LAND MAIL

1 N I A.

(From the Times.)
We have received by express, from Marseilles,
letters and papers from Bombay to the 18th of July.
The rainy season continued, and the fall was such
as to satisfy those who desired much of that most
valuable element in India—water. Tranquillity
prevailed throughout the whole of that continent,
with, perhaps, one exception, viz., the unpaid and
dissatisfied troops of the Nizam ; but they can do
but little.

The cholera has lessened its ravages at Kurrachee,
where it destroyed several thousand persons during
ten days. The troops had lost about a fourth of
their number. Every praise was bestowed upon Sir
Charles Napier for his kindness and attention to the
sufferers. Only two officers had died—vi,z., Captain
J. B. Seton, of the Bombay Fusiliers, and Lieut.
Dawson, of the 12th regiment of Native Infantry.
Gross exaggeration of the insalubrity, &c., of Sinde
was, as usual, the theme of some of the Bombay
newspapers.

From the Punjaub there is no news. All was quiet
there. The Governor-General and Lord Gough were
at Simla, where the rain was falling in torrents.

I heat had for the first fortnight of June been intense,
but there was no considerable amount of sickness at the
station. ,The 14th was a Sunday, and the atmosphere
was more than usually stagnant and oppressive. A
thick portentous-looking cloud crept up the sky when the
troops were proceeding to church, and a sudden burst of
wind threatened the buildings. It passed away almost as
speedily as it came, and when the worshippers re-
tired the air was as still as when they as-
sembled. At that same hour did the pestilence ap-
pear. Before midnight nine of the 86th were at reet,
and men began to be borne into hospital in such
numbers that it was difficult to make arrange-
ments for their reception. It was a fearful night. With
morning came the tidings that the pestilence was over-
spreading the town, and 50 had in twenty-four hours
fallen victims. The 86th were the earliest, and continued
to be the severest, sufferers. They and her Majesty's
60th bad for six months been in tents close to each
other: they were the day after the disease appeared
marched out for change of air, and encamped by the sea
shore near Clifton. The Rifles were next attacked;
then the Fusiliers; the artillery and native infantry
began to suffer after this. For five fearful days did the
destroyer lay his hand most heavily upon them, and in
this time more than 1,000 men were carried to their
graves! The pestilence now began to abate—it had
done its worst, and seemed about to withdraw: within
less than a fortnight 900 Europeans, including 815 fight-
ing men, were carried away; 600 native soldiers and
7,000 of the camp followers and inhabitants of the town
had been hurried into eternity. The conduct of the Go-
vernor is stated to have been beyond all praise: anxiety
for the sick conferring an alacrity on limbs the hand of
time might have stiffened. He went about everywhere—
counselling the healthy—seeing that the sick were cared
for—cheering the sufferers, and comforting those hasten-
ing to another world. Pestilence, which too often gene-
rates recklessness and indifference, was here met with
manly dignity and Christian composure and resigna-
tion. The men disregarded infection, braved every dan-
ger in waiting on :each other, and each seemed to feel
that the tenderness one hour bestowed on a suffering
comrade might be the next required by themselves. The
feeling in too many cases was not slow in being realised.
Calamity is apt to beget complaint—sickness to generate
unreasonable querulousness. Yet on the present occa•
sion no single murmur against the arrangements or con-
duct of any one has reached us during the currency of
the pestilence. The appearance presented by Kurra-
chee after the fatality of the disease had passed is de-
scribed as very awful. The temporary sojourners in the
town, and all who could get away, had fled panic-struck ;
of the natives, one-half nearly had been removed by
death. Tho soldiers bad been buried in their beds—
there was no time for shroud or coffin—in pits of such
depth as could be excavated in haste. The effluvium
now arising from the remains of 8,000 festering dead—
half-burned or half-buried—is described as fearful--fit to
generate a second pestilence. Cholera had been heard
of in the neighbourhood, and its appearance was not
wholly unexpected. It seems now to be creeping up the
river, great apprehensions of its approach to Hydera-
bad being expressed. At Sukkur, again, a very virulent
variety of fever afflicts the European soldier. In a few
hours it is fatal ; and so severely have the men of her
Majesty's 17th suffered, that arrangements were being
made for bringing them down to Hyderabad by steam.
The regular triennial visitation so fatal in Upper Sinde,
is not due till next year. Such is the salubrity of Young
Egypt in 1846 ! In the course of three years it has been
the grave of nearly 6,000 of our troops I The financial
returns obtained on the motion of Mr. Hume, appear to
have attracted so little notice at home, that six weeks
after the publication, the London papers were boasting
of the value of a country shown to draw a million an-
nually from the revenues of India beyond what its own
could supply ; and talking of 100.000/. a year sent to
Calcutta, instead of ten times the sum having been with-
drawn from it ! Incomplete as are the returns, and
heavy as are the items omitted in them—the Governor's
salary of 10,0001. being amongst the first—the Bombay
steam charges of 50,0001. amongst the second—the dis-
closures they make are appalling. The military charges
for the past three years exceed a million sterling annu-
ally ; the civil charges average 125,0001. ; to which, if
the defects above noted be added, they will amount to
185,0001.—a grand total of 1,185,0001. The total in-
come to meet this averages about 200,0001. ; the ad-
mitted defect is about 900,000/.—the actual one about a
million and a quarter : as near as possibe the sum we
have for three years past set down. Nor is there any
prospect of a change for the better ; the country is not
improving, and the Governor seems to begin to despair
of improvement ; the blame is laid on the habits of the
people. Most of the revenue is collected in grain, and
to enhance its apparent value, this is sold at an excessive
price to the army contractors, and purchased from them,
at a charge of course equally excessive, by the commis-
sariat—so that India, in fact, pays doubly a portion of the
netted income of which Sinde pretends to boast. This
we are aware will be denied; but we speak on authority
equal to that of the Parliamentary papers. An eminent
political authority at home writes—" The grossest at-
tempts have been made to mislead, but the facts are
these. Some dozen or two people are filling their pockets
in Sinde at the public expense, and what care they
though the country costs a million or two annually ?"
" The fallaciousness of the reported remittances to Cal-
cutta have been fully exposed—and the immediate result
has been that the Governor's salary has been raised from
60,000 rupees (7,0000 a year to 80,000 rupees (9,0001.) a
year ! Such is Sinde, as known to all who wish to
make themselves acquainted with its affairs—such the
delusive aspect in which it is viewed at home." Were
the cost of it to appear in the estimates of the Chancellor
of the Exchequer, and to be learned at home, the people
of England might think :of the costliness, if not of the
criminality, of the wrongs they have indulged in. So
long as the poor, unresisting, overtaxed Hindoo provides
the means, why should Englishmen trouble themselves
about inquiry? They do not go on without wawarning.They may rely on it the day will come when restitution
may be impossible—remorse and repentance unavailing.
A subscription having been opened for the purpose of
purchasing in the jewels and ornaments of the
Princesses of Hyderabad advertised for sale amongst the
Sinde prize booty, with a view of restoring them to their
owfiers, above 6001. were almost immediately set down.
Some of the officers have determined to decline touching
their prise-money at all.

The departure of Sir George Arthur from the Go-
vernment of Bombay was fixed for the sth of August.
A long continuance of ill-health is the cause of his
retirement. Mr. L. R. Reid, the senior civil servant
in the Bombay Council, was to succeed him until a
Governor nominated in London shall have arrived.
There is a hope expressed that the Court of Directors
will grant Sir George Arthur a pension.
The retirement from the bench of Sir Henry
Roper, which is expected in November, has given rise
to much talk respecting his successor. The want of
the three judges allowed by the charter is much felt
in Bombay. The result of the penury in the Court
of Directors which saves the salary of one judge, is to
throw the whole decisions of the Court into the
hands of the Chief Justice. It was expected (with
how little reason our readers are aware) that Sir
Erskine Perry, the puisne judge at Bombay, would
become the next Chief Justice : his judicial conduct
had given great satisfaction.
Lieutenant-Colonel Martin, Deputy-Adjutant-
General of her Majesty's troops in the Bombay Presi-
dency, died at Poonah on the 13th of July.
We take the following from the Bombay Gen-
tleman's Gazette, principally on account of the
attention which has been directed here to the
appointment of Mr. D. Pollock as Chief Justice of
Bombay :
" The return to England of Sir George Arthur, the
Governor of Bombay, long expected from the infirm
state of his health, is now finally determined on, and
we believe Sir George will leave our shores about
the first week in August. We regret to say, repeated
and severe attacks of illness have much debilitated our
departing Governor, who strove long and courageously
to put off the evil day, but the suggesstions of his friends,
the strong recommendation of his medical advisers, and
the anxiety of his family, have at length prevailed, and
he has reluctantly yielded to their united wishes. We
shall take an opportunity, after his departure, of saying
what we think of his government—contenting ourselves
for the present with expressing a hope that he may find
in his native land that health which he has lost amongst
us. We are perfectly conviced that Sir George
Arthur's intense application to business has been
the cause of those attacks, which render is return to
England, in the midst of the monsoon, a measure of ab-
solute necessity. Another subject of very great interest
to all of us is the appointment to the seat on the bench
of the Supreme Court, about to be vacated by Sir Henry
Roper, Chief Justice. Many are, and have been, the
speculations on this subject; and the public anxiety is
very great to learn whom Government will appoint to
fill an office of such high trust and responsibility. The
constitution of the Supreme Court, as contemplated by
the charter, required the appointment of three judges.
From pecuniary corkiderations we have only two, and
one of the consequences of this parsimony is, that when-
ever there is a difference of opinion the Chief Justice
has the casting voice, and a decision, without a majority
of voices, gives little satisfaction to the profession or to
the public. This is a grievance where appeals are so
few and so restricted. Bombay is increasing every year
in importance, and ought not to be deprived of every
fair and legitimate advantage, to which the charter
and the general feeling of the community deem it to
be entitled. Again, the climate is so very hurtful to
the European constitution, that frequent absence from
Bombay, and short trips to more healthful localities,
are imperatively necessary to keep the judicial mind and
body in working vigour. Here there is no long vaca-
tion—the whole year requires the presence of at least
one judge. Every Monday and Thursday throughout the
year a judge sits in chambers, and to discharge the
minor duties of the bench. One of the judges, under
such circumstances, will be found as frequentlywbteucoi
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a kind of quasi sick leave as he can without detriment to
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It will be obvious, that under present circumstances the
individual who is to fill this high office is anxiously re-
garded by all of us, and we hope sincerely that Govrn-
ment will well consider the qualifications of candidates
before they decide a question of such grave importance.
The succession to the Chief-Justiceship has, of late
years, taken place from the Puisne Justiceship, and we
know of no sounder principle of succession. The cir-
cumstances of the country seem to require it. In Eng-
land a barrister practises at either the equity or com-
mon law bar. He is comparatively ignorant of the
branch in which he has never practised. Either a com-
mon law man, or an equity man, coming fresh from the
English bar to the Indian bench, would, immediately
on his arrival have to preside, if appointed Chief
Justice, over equity, common law, admiralty, ecclesi-
astical, insolvent, Mahometan and Hindoo laws, with all
their ramifications. For the efficient discharge of
such various duties a practised judge is required. A
fresh importation from the home bar must be at least
two years in this country before he can be considered
efficient. If, then, Government appoint any barrister to
the Chief Justiceship, he becomes for two years an in-
efficient president of the court, and having the casting
voice to determine all questions, wherever he and his
more experienced junior judge happen to differ. Our
humble sug,geston to the home authorities would be—if
we flattered ourselves that they would attend to any
suggestion from a source so humble and so distant—
constitute your supreme courts in India after' this
fashion; send us out one equity judge, one common law
judge, and promote our present puisne to the chiefship.
We shall then have our number complete, as contem-
plated by the charter, and confidence from the profession
and the public reposed in men who have each acquired a
knowledge of this pecular branch of the law. It would
be not only unwise, but disgusting to the legal profession
in Bombay, to see a man placed over the head of Sir
Erskine Perry, who, for upwards of five years, has applied
himself with the utmost diligence to make himself tho-
roughly conversant with his judicial duties. How far he
has succeeded would ill beoome us to presume to express
an opinion upon ; and we probably shall have little
thanks for going so far as we have done into an honest
consideration of his just claims to promotion."
(From the Bombay Times.)
Sinde supplies almost the only topic of news for the
month. The seaport of.Kurrachee, the healthiest and
the favourite military station, has ever since it became
known tows been visited triennially by cholera. In 1839,
and again .in 1842, the amount of suffering occasioned
by it was terrible, yet blight compared to that which it
has just endured. Between the 13th and the 23d of
June, above 8,000 human beings were cut off by it, in-
cluding 895 Europeans, of 'whom 815 were fighting men.
Besides this, 595 sepoys, and it is believed about 7,000
natives, camp-followers and inhabitants of the town, have
died. The pestilence had quitted Kurrachee, and was
apparently creeping up the river. Fever of a very fatal
kind had made its appearance amongst the European
soldiers at Sukkur—its triennial visit is to be looked for
next year. Her Majesty's 17th had chiefly suffered :
it is said they were to be moved down, while her Ma-
jesty's 86th were to move up to Hyderabad. Official
returns of the finances, revenue, and mortality in
Z_sinde confirm all that has been said by the Indian papers
—confute most of what has been urged by
those at home. The acknowledged expenses of
Sinde in excess of its returns amount up to the present
time to about three millions sterling ; and when the
Governor's salary, and expense of steam between Bom-
bay and Kurrachee, and cost of troops destroyed by the
climate, are added, we shall have a current drain on the
finances of India equal to between a million and a quar-
ter and a million and a half annually, with no prospect
of return. Somewhere about 3,000 Europeans and half
as many native troops have in four years perished from
the effects of climate. At home a peerage is claimed
for the author of blessings so unbounded I The good
accounts of the Government, and the public improve-
ments by great works in Sinde, reach us in India
through the home newspapers ; they exist nowhere
save in print. The Punjaub and newly-acquired terri-
tories continue tranquil ; scarcely a word worth repeat-
ing ever reaches us from either. The Governor-Gene-
ral and Commander-in-Chief continue at Simla, and all
things throughout India much as they have been since
the setting in of the rains. An extremely dry season
has been followed by an unusually wet one ; and the
want of water, so severely felt, is now abundantly sup-
plied. Betwixt the 9th of June and 17th of July up-
wards of 35 inches of rain have fallen. The Governor of

to the 25th of May. As might have been anticipated,
however, the amount of Trersury draughts received by
this opportunity was again insignificant, and quite in-
adequate to produce the slightest beneficial effect.
In Exchange and Government Securities, we have but
few operations to report, the greater portion_ of the bills
going forward by the present opportunity having, we be-
lieve, been contracted for previous to the last dispatch.
In those reported, however, our last quotations have
been maintained. In Bank Stock we have not heard of
any sales, but the directors of the Bank of Bengal have
just declared a dividend for the half year, at the rate of
13r. 6a. per cent. per annum. In produce there has
even been less doing; but this is generally the case
when, as in the present instance, two mails are dis-
patched. and one received within a week. Another
reason, however, undoubtedly is the scanty supply of
sugar (the only article in any general inquiry) in our
bazaar, good Benares being still readily saleable at our
last quotations; other staples have continued neglected,
but without any decline in prices, with the exception of
saltpetre, which has been obtained to a moderate extent
at rather easier rates. In imports, also, little has been
done, and without any improvement in prices. In fact,
the dealers have apparently gladly availed themselves of
the unsettled state of the weather to keep quiet, and our
markets are in almost exactly the same position as on
the 2d. Consignees have been showing rather more
anxiety to secure cargoes, but no material decline has as
yet been established in the rates of dead weight to
Great Britain.

As there is every indication of the constant rain ex-
perienced in Calcutta during the past two days having
extended to most of the indigo districts in lower Bengal,
we are in hourly expectation of receiving complaints, as
it must have done considerable injury wherever experi-
enced. A letter from Rajeshaye, dated the Ist, states
that a gale was then blowing which had retarded the
progress of manufacture, as well as reduced the produce.
From the neighbourhood of Ghazeepore, also, accounts
are lest favourable ; not only from a want of rain, but
also from the difficulty experienced in negotiating
draughts on Calcutta, on which many planters had relied
for their supplies, a continuance of which would doubt-
less cripple their operations very materially.
Exports from the lit instant up to date have been as
follows :

Great Britain. N. America.
Saltpetre 2,100 mds.
Sugar
Raw Silk 295

Corahs pcs. ......

Hides
Safflower
Cowries
Horn Tips ....
Rum 8,047 galls.

Jute ..
Mustard Seed
MEMORANDUM OF THE CARGO PASSED THE CUSTOM-
HOUSE FOR VESSELS LOADING FOR EUROPE AND
NORTH AMERICA, UP TO THE EVENING OF THE STH
JULY, 1846.

(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
CALCUTTA, JULY 9.
The six days which have elapsed since my last have
been productive of little that is interesting. From La-
hore we have nothing of importance. Soondur Singh,
the ci-devant Commandant of Rote Kangra, had been
presented at Court, and received without any signs of
violent displeasure for causing us the trouble and ex-
pense of moving a battering train and a large force to
coerce him. Rumours are afloat that Lord Hardinge is
determined to remain at Simla and its neighbourhood
during the whole of his sojourn in India, and that the
Council are to go and join him, leaving Calcutta and
the Government of Bengal in the hands of a Deputy-
Governor, or, may be, this designation may be changed
to that of Lieutenant-Governor, placing the Bengal
and Agra provinces on the same footing, the Legis-
lative Council remaining where they are. This arrange-
ment would be productive of good even now, as the
Government would receive intelligence from England
as soon at Simla as at Calcutta, or in a few days
more ; and when railroads are established at Cal-
cutta and Delhi there can be no doubt but the
residence of the Supreme Government in the interior
would be productive of great good to the country, be-
cause as there would always be a tendency to progress
from the seaports to the seat of Government, the inter-
mediate space would benefit by the increased communi-
cation between the extremes, which would be the result
of the Government being stationed on the north-west
frontier; and while the transit of goods from Europe to
the interior of the country would tend to preserve to
the whole seaboard the activity which now prevails, the
attraction of the seat of Government would give such an
impetus to the said transit as to insure a larger portion
of goods being carried into the far north-west, by the
establishment of entrepOts for the supply of the coun-
tries beyond the Sutlej and Ilimmalayas.
I must now revert to a very painful subject—the ap-
parent disregard of the Government for the comfort of
the brave men who have so lately faced death in their
country's cause. The 16th Lancers and the 31st Foot
have been put on board of wretched straw-covered boats
and sent down the Ganges at the most stormy and
burning season of the year, when the light, dry, and
fiery sandbanks everywhere found in the de-
scent of the river, are blown about with the irresist-
ble fury, so as to fill the hair, eyes, &c., with scorching
sand, with the thermometer at 110 degrees and the.
chance of having boats dashed to pieces by the " north-
westers," which invariably prevail at that season of the
year, instead of being retained in some of the many
vacant barracks at Meerut or Cawnpore till the rains had
fairly set in, or put on board the Government steamers,
and brought down quickly and comfortably, which ought
to have been done, instead of, as alleged, the latter being
employed in making money for the State by carrying
merchandise for individuals. The result of this indiffer•
ence of the Government to the comfort of their gallant
defenders has been great destruction of life by sinking
of boats, and in one instance the loss of about eighty
wounded men by the foundering of the hospital boats.
Surely when Lord Hardinge and Lord Gough hear that
these noble fellows, who faced death to win their laurels
and pensions, have been drowned through their own want
of care for them, their hearts must sicken at the thought,
and their satisfaction in the contemplation of their own
good fortune be greatly diminished. It is to be hoped
that when private enterprise shall have supplied steam
transport sufficient to enable the community to dis-
pense with the Government boats, these boats may be
applied to the conveyance of troops, to the entire discon-
tinuance of the present dangerous and uncomfortable
country boats ; and I am happy to think that private en-
terprise is fast supplying the means of transporting mer-
chandise from Calcutta to Allahabad, and from the latter
to the former. A short time ago, that is on the 26th
ult., the Inland Steam Company launched their first
river steamer, and the day after the Ganges Steam Na-
vigation Company launched their first. The first boat
is intended to tow two accommodation or baggage boats,
but the latter will carry her passengers and freight in
her own hold. She is to be immediately followed by
three others belonging to the same company, while the
Inland Steam Company will have, I believe, an equal
number. Other companies are forming, I hear; so that
in the course of a few years I hope we shall have an
abundance of steam tonnage on the Ganges.
Among the improvements of the day talked of at head-
quarters is ,a suspension-badge across the Sutlej at Be-
laspore.

.•
Bombay continues severely indisposed, rumours every
now and then gaining currency that he is about to re-
turn to England.
Cholera, in one of its most frightful and deadly forms,
has just visited Kurrachee, and in the course of ten days
carried off one-fourth of the troops and one-half of the
inhabitants of that station. Ever since the conquest the
sea-port of Sinde has enjoyed a comparative exemption
from those maladies which have been so fearfully fatal
in the upper country, so that the fact escaped us that
Kurrachee was subject to triennial visitations, and that
if in 1839 and 1842 the disease was the same, only less
fatal than in 1846, the circumstances most probably de-
pended on the smaller volume and lesser density of the
rum pf hump inings on whom it 114(1 to act, Who

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDA EVENING, SEPTEMBER 5, 1816.

freight, shipments have been made, though to no great
extent, both to E❑gland and China. The stock in the
place is now reduced to a small compass, and the quality
of it is very inferior. Subjoined are the current rates:—
Broach and Jumbooseer 83 rupees to 84 per candy.
Surat
Dollerah
Oomrawuttee
Barsee
Coffee--Mocha has advanced to 8+ rupees per maund,
while Malabar has slightly declined.
Opium—The price has latterly somewhat given way,
and it may now be quoted nominally at 1,100 to 1,200
rupees per chest, according to quality.
Wool —There is no Khorassan or Mekran wool now
in the market. We quote Marwar at 100 to 105 rupees
per candy, and Cutch at 120 rupees, the small parcel of
the latter at present here being of superior quality.
Senna Leaves—Some purchases of Senna have been
made at 6 rupees per cwt., but the article is of an infe-
rior kind.

to 75

In other articles of Eastern produce we have heard of
no transaction, but some variations in price will, on re-
ference to our quotations, be found to have taken place
in them. These, however, it is unnecessary particularly
to enumerate.

By the latest accounts the Company's ships were as
follows:—viz„ the Thames at Grenada, on the 9th of
August, proceeding to Trinidad ; the Eagle at Barba-
does, on the Bth of August, proceeding to Tobago and
Demerara ; the Reindeer at St. Thomas's, on the 14th of
August, returning to erenada ; the Tweed at Grenada,
proceeding to Jamaica; the Avon at Jamaica, on the Bth
of August, to follow the Dee to England, via St. Thomas;
the Medway at Havannah, on the 9th of August, pro-
ceeding to the Gulf ; the Severn at Bermuda, on the
29th of August, proceeding to Nassau, Havannah, and
Jamaica; the Lee schooner was gone to Honduras on
the Bth of August; and the Larne at St. Thomas's on
the 14th of August, proceeding to Grenada.
The Jamaica Despatch of the Bth of August states'
that the whole face of the island has been blessed with
most abundant rains. The entire aspect now wears a
change almost indescribable. The rapid growth of the
sugar-cane is most amazing, and plants which in many
districts were conceived to be entirely burnt out of the
ground are now making great strides towards advance-
ment. Next year's crap will be very early, and a large
increase on the present. The appearance of the coffee-
fields is most cheering, betokening a growth of wood
which must yield very large returns at maturity if at-
ter.ded to; while the new crop promises a fair—we do
not think an excessive, but a considerable advance on the
last. The native labourers had not resumed their work
after the August holidays, but the Coolies were em-
ployed and conducting themselves in i very satisfactory
manner.
The Trinidad Gazette of the 31st of July mentions a
violent gale from the south-west, which had done con-
siderable injury to the roads and bridges. Dysentery
was very prevalent in the island, and many deaths had
occurred from it. _ _

-
The St. Kitt's Gazette of the 7th of August says—
We do not remember for a long period past to have
had the delightful and continuous showers of rain that
have fallen during the last few days. The appearance of the
country is exceedingly gratifying, and we have no doubt
that the young canes will be materially benefited."
Throughout the whole of the West India Islands
there seems to be an unmixed feeling of satisfaction
with the weather and the appearance of the crops.
The Dee passed on the 31st of August the General
Parkhill, American ship, in lat. 46 deg. 41 min. N., long.
19 deg. 16 min. W., and on the Ist of September the
American barque Wallace, of Boston, steering to the
westward. On the 2d of September passed a barque
standing to the N.E., painted with a white streak,
under jury-sails ; made no signal of distress.