The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-28 00:00:00

No. 17,501.] LONDON, SATURDAY
-- N G

NIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, Aug. 21,
1848.—The SESSION will he publicly OPENED on TUES-
DAY, October 31, at Two o'clock, p.m., when an ADDRESS to the
STUDENTS will be delivered by the Very Rev. Jour( LEE, D.D.,
Principal.
The Classes for the different branches of Study will be opened as
follows :

Time Assured. I Sum added tei Sum added tor= payable
Policy in I 841 Policy in ls4B at Death.

PUBLICATIONS.

FRASER'S MAGAZINE for NOVEMBER,
rrice 2s. 6d., or by post, 3g., contains :
I. Views of Edinburgh. 8. The l'resent Condition of the
2. Keats and his School. British Navy.
3. The Inundation of Pest. 11. 1. General Cavaignac and his
4. The Aristocracy of England. Father.
5. Thoughts in Rhyme. Ity the 10. The Fairfax Correspondence.
late John Sterling. No. 11. 11. The Universities.
6. Yeast. No. V. 12. Current History.
7. Lines to ll—.

London : John W. P,

'arker, West Strand.

UNITED SERVICE MAGAZINE,
And NAVAL and MILITARY JOURNAL,
for NOVEMBER, 1846,
CONTAINS:
The Sack of Rome. By Prince Louis Napoleon.—Military Ca-
reer of General Cavalgnac. Concluded.—Requiem upon Duelling
'What's a Board ? a,lts Dioclides —A. Visit to the United Service In-
stitution.—A Few Thoughts upon the Revolution of 1848 In Yucatan.
By Major O'Connor.—The Smuggler's League.—The Naval Articles
of War and the Marine Mutiny Act. By Tristram.—Journey into
the Andes.—A Visit to Santona. —The Military Systeni and Re-
sources of Sardlnia.—On the East India Company's European Troops.
By Major Bennett.—The Royal Horse Artillery.—Stations of the
AI .ny and Navy—Prometions and Appointments—Wlth all tho Pro-
fessional News of the Month.

H. Hurst, Publisher, Kin William-street, Strand.

CHOLERA.-MORIS ON'S PILLS.
The 89th Number of THE HYGEIST, for November, is now
ready, and contains most important communications as regards the
Cholera.

Also, an Answer to the Doctor Correspondent of the " Dispatch."
Case of Cholera cured by a doctor with Arsensie II I Oh, oh I Hear
it people of England. Arsenic in Cholera ! I I
Office, 368, Strand. Price Id., or 2d. per post.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET
A Lecture on Sanitary Measures connected with. the Progress of
Cholera and other Epidemics, by Dr. Ryan, daily, at Half-past
Three, and on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday Evenings, at Nine
o'clock.—Also on the Manufacture of Getta Percba, by Dr. Bach-
hoffner, Mornings and alternate Evenings.—An entirely new Phan-
tasmagoria, by Childe, every Evening at Eight o'clock, witk ap-
propriate Music—The Dissolving Views, with historical descriptions.
—The Chromatrope, with New Effects.—The Microscope at One
o'clock dally.—Diver and Diving-bell.—Working Models explained.
Open daily front Eleven to Five , and in the Evenings (including
iaturday) from Seven till Half-past Tee.
A.draission, la.—Schools, Half--price.—The New Catalogue, ls.

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
Olf PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, &ND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
r New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by post. direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
111 E SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indnigence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, London.
Published by the Authors : sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ;
Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Starie, 23, Titehborne-
street. Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street.
Pala I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessiveindul-
once, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity.
It is illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111, treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. The consequences of early neglect and of the abuse
of mercury, are also clearly pointed out. This section is illustrated
Seventeen Coloured Engravings.
PART IV. treats of the Prevention of Disease by a simple ap-
Blicatien, by which the danger of infection is obviated. Its action
:3 simple but sure. It acts with the virus chemically, and destroys
its power on the system. This important part of the Work should
be read by every Young Man entering into life.
PART Y. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
hales. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
Tus CORDIAL BALM OF STRIACUM is exclusively employed in treat-
rig nervous and sexual debility, impotence, Src., lls .and 335. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, as anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary symp-
oms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, I ls. and 335. per bottle.
l'erry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. ed., 4s. 6d., and I Is, per box, a
certain emedy in gonorrhcea, gleet, strictures, and chronic inflamma-
*ion of the bladder. Consultation the, if by letter, 11. Si. Packets
With advice to be had at the Establishment only, by which the fee,
'l.. is saved. Attendance daily at 19, Berners-street, from Eleven
til Two. and Five to Eight ; on Sundays from Eleven to One.

O V E is the leading feeling of the human
JLJ breast. More exalted than mere passion, it sears high above
every other impulse of nature, and is not only stronger than avarice,
but more engrossing even than ambition. No man is exempt from
its influence, or can avoid its sway; and business, pleasure, philo-
sophy, and divinity itself become neglected under the enthralling
power of LOVE, which, unlike most things, increases in intensity
with time, until it receives the sacred consummation of marriage.
When union does not take place, however, this passion, this
fervour, this trodden tide of the manliest feelings becomes a deadly
poison in the heart, which now darkens, as it before bright-
ened, all things upon earth. How is it that men, of most un-
changeable habits, will change at the very altar, and after a life-
time spent in the fulfilment if every engagement, snap the very con-
tract asunder which should be most binding to an honourable mind?
It is the effect of conscience. The Lover, by enervation of early
habits, er the results of secret disease, knows himself to be
disqualified, and dares not enter a state which has been
instituted by Divine Law for the fulfilment of important
ends. The wretched condition of such a being must subsequently be
beyond measure deplorable 1 Loving and beloved, he entails the
most miserable disappointments on the object of his choice, and apon
himself a desolation the most horrible, when the simple possession of
natural attributes would change the scene, and yield to both a life of
analleyed happiness. The subject is interesting, and deserves the
attention of all. These desirous of investigating it will find the
fullest and most satisfactory infortuatien in the little work entitled

SELF-PRESERVATION.
illustrated by forty coloured engravings on the anatomy, physiology,
and diseases of the reproductive organs ; with practical observe-
tleas so the secret infirmities of youth and maturity, resulting from
solitary habits, excesses, or infection.
By SAMUEL LA'MEET, M.D.,
Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of
Edinburgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Mali, London, honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
This treatise is the result of a long course of study in a peculiar and
mach neglected branch of medical practice, and the author having ob-
tained the highest medical honours, is a guarantee for his profes-
sional experience, which has reference almost solely to the treat-
ment of these diseases.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAIL.
TIMES.—It will be seen by reference to an advertise-
ment elsewhere that the directors of the London and
North-Western Railway Company have responded to al
urgent and general call, by a detailed statement of thei•
affairs. On the brief inspection which is all we hay
been able to give to this document, we beg to congratu
late the public on possessing at last a full, distinct, am
intelligible account of the greatest railway company in
the world. We will add, that as far as we are able to
judge, the directors are likely to effect their object.
which, we presume, is to assure the useful generation re
monied men that the North-Western Railway is a sah
and improving investment. The cautious gentry who
" have money in their pockets against a rainy day," and
who, when the rainy day does come at last, are too apt to
hold their pockets somewhat too tight, look at at,
undertaking in several points of view before they sink
their capital in it. Is it free from mystification, and
therefore secure from foul play, or considerable errors of
judgment in its conductors ? Is it sufficiently insured
from a serious depreciation? Are its resources so elastic
and so founded on the national prosperity as to grog
with the growth of the State? But perhaps the question
to which the money-market attaches the most practical
value is the general competency of the undertakers to
their work—a matter which in itself admits only of a
conjectural estimate, but which depends much on the
weight and frequency of the calls to be made on their
purses. The most profitable scheme in the world may
ruin its shareholders, if the majority of them are men of
straw, unable to meet the demands of even an economical
expenditure. Unless we mistake, the first point to
which all men of business will direct their attention in
this statement is the amount of the calls still likely to
be made, and of work likely to be done. On this point
they will receive unexpected satisfaction. The tabular
statement begins with the original trunk, and proceeds
thence to the finished, unfinished, guaranteed, and con-
templated lines. But when we pass to the explanations
below, it will be seen that the directors hasten to allay
the public impatience by inverting the order, and knock-
ing off in a lump all the lines, not yet commenced, in
the fourth table. Fifteen branches, for which
Acts have been passed authorising the directors
to raise, in stock, in shares, and by loans.
3,876,963/., are shelved at once, and evidently will
not be attempted without due warning, and without
also much better times. Now, shareholders are occa-
sionally told not to fret themselves on account of a
branch till it is really begun, as they will have an op-
portunity of voting against it at a general meeting. But
notwithstanding this assurance, these branches have
constituted an incubus on the mind of the public. Be-
sides that the mass of the shareholders are not the best
inform, d and the cleverest people in the world, and do
not always know whether a branch has been commenced
or not, there has been a general impression that the
directors could do just as they pleased, and that general
meetings were very much matters of course. There
was hardly a conjecture as to what branches would be
made, and what postponed ; and as late as last
July, the able and excellent secretary of this very
company could give no more explicit information than
that several, for which the company had powers, would
not be made. Now, it is true there is no express under-
taking in the terms of the present statement, nor, indeed,
can there be, as the directors cannot answer for their
own continuance in office; but the world at large, led as
they. are by appearances, will be very glad to see these
fifteen branches put under one category, as lines which
it is not intended to proceed with at present. Proceed.
ing, or rather going back through the tabular statement,
the directors come to No. 3, which exhibits the subsi-
diary lines, in which the company are interested by sub.
scription, contribution, or guarantee. Tbis looks, at
first sight, rather a heavy list, including lines amount-
ing to 641 miles. The total, however, remaining to be
paid is not more than 1,846,7981. The value of the nine-
teen undertakings in this table, or rather of the com-
pany's interest in them, depends upon detailed consider-
ations, which constitute the principal matter of the
remarks appended to the statement. The directors
wish to show either that the risk is little, or that it is
shared with another company, or that its payments
will depend on its own profits. The expose certainly
does seem likely to alleviate apprehension. Responsi-
bility is a formidable word, and never more so than
when it assumes new and strange forms. In the
column stating the nature of the guarantee will
be found eight different arrangements made with
the shareholders of the subsidiary lines. The mere
sight of No. 3, which is a synopsis of nineteen important
agreements, shows how large a field there was for the
solicitude of those who had to pay calls, and knew little
of partnerships, except that they often comprehend a
knave and a fool. In this case it was generally believed
that the North-Western had too often suffered the Me-
zentian process of union with a dead and unprofitable
undertaking. Even if it were true to some extent, there
can be no doubt there was great exaggeration. At any
rate the danger is now no longer obscure and indefinite.
People can see for themselves how far they are compro-
mised. On the branch lines and other works in course
of formation it is estimated that there only remains
to bo paid 836,896/. The total expenditure to which
the company is committed, under all heads, is little
more than three millions, or a million a year, looking to
the probable termination of the works—a very consider-
able drain under ordinary circumstances, and only likely
to be severe in conjunction with many other similar de-
mands, and in times of pressure and distress. The di-
rectors certainly seem to make out their case. Their
weekly revenue on the average of the year ending with
last June was 42,1941. They estimate that when all their
branches and subsidiary lines aro completed, and when
also the prosperity of the country shall have somewhat
revived, they will have a weekly average ;of
48,6181, which will pay 7
per cent. Au
of 6,4241. does not seem
too much to expect
from several hundred lines
of new railway
profitable in themselves, and bringingtraffic to the
c
original line. Drawbacks and
ontMgencies there un-
doubtedly are, but they are taken into account by the
directors, who seem to havemade a safe estimate, and
to be anxious to understate,
rather than exaggerate, their
probable resources. There can be no mistake in as-
suming a certain regular increase of traffic from the in-
creasing rate of population and trade; and though in
half-a-dozen years there will be some serious competi-
tion in the field, the pecullilar territory of the North-
Western will do much to fl
up the gap. And new a
word for our own part in this matter, for we have
been misrepresented. v
have been called enemies
of the railway interest, and we know not what besides.
How stands the fact? In 1845 and 1846, and
again at best beginninglast year, we did
our very best to limit ofrailway speculation and
railway Acts within practicable bounds. We con-
the
tinually ur
and ged on
provi d thin e Legislature the duty of counting
of how much the coup cost, gn tr a rough but
bear. We predicted
but sufficient estimate
that the Bills actually y
passed would bo found to exceed
the capital free for such purposes—especiallyif. war,
famine, or other disasterusuhdoualtdr intervene. What is the
result ? The greatest
in the world is obliged to throw"
ogvees t railwayf rhe company
e u:
branches to the amount 3,8761,631. How much
money has been lost in obtaining the Acts and driving
rivals from the field ? Looking to all the re-
sults, we have little doubt the North- Western
would gladly give half a million that our ad-
vice had been taken in time—at the beginning
of the session in 1846. But for the last twelvemonth or
more we have scarcely said a word about railways. It
was no longer of use. The Bills were passed, and the
lines were in progress, or at least at the mercy of di-
rectors. During the long decline of railway prices we
have let that simple fact tell its own tale, and have not
said a word that could add to the ruin or the bitterness
of the unfortunates who had invested their property in
this slippery material. About a fortnight since, in this
month of October, as proverbial for its commercial
bleakness as November for its physical gloom, shares
had been depreciated to a preposterous and absurd
extent. We were well aware that the
sellers,
at
the however,
aa m
e bad
time
depre-
ciation was not justified by the state of the
undertakings themselves. The
it against them.
notorious
that there were capitalists enough looking about for in-
vestments, and finding none to their mind. There was
no want of money, nor is there at elis moment. It was
evident—and every well. informed person in London will
bear us out in the belief—that the want of good railway
information aggravated the crisis, and discouraged many
capitalists from a field in which they could not trust
their own judgments. The directors of several com-
panies, particularly the North-Western, had promised
information. Nevertheless, none appeared; but the
Weekly Share List, published by the authority of the
Stock Exchange, volunteered some statements, which
showed at least industry, and some degree of care. As a
matter of news they were inserted in our City intelligence.
We took the opportunity of calling the attention of the
railway companies to the mystery which had contributed
so much to the depreciation of the shares, and their con-
sequent difficulties ; and at the same time invoked the
good sense of capitalists to discover the real worth of the
property which they seemed so afraid of touching. So
far from adopting the statements of the Weekly Share
List, we expressed our distrust of them. We said," we
will not mention names, nor will we commit ourselves to
tho statements of anxious and possibly suspicious scru-
tineers. But in declining this responsibility we Only
mark our sense of the unfairness practised or permitted
against tho public. That unfairness consists in the
continuance of a mystery and entanglement where there
need be none, and where there should be noonday pub-
panic-4, Any extensive depreciation
licity." Further on wo lamented the ruinous effects
of a needless
of private property is sure to prove an universal
disaster; and even an exaggeration of its value will lead
to mischievous results. It is the former evil tinder which
we, are now suffering." * * * *
foßut what can the public do in the matter, and ls-
they mitigate an evil by which the whole - can
or less affected? We reply that ti'
,d
is more
see nubile may inter-
fere to demand the utme-` •
possible information on the subject. If raile--
-ey shares rose and fell in the market
simply ee
—cording to the prospects of railway traffic, the
uoundance of money, or other palpable considerations,
there might be no call for public interference. But con-
fessedly there is an almost inscrutable mystery upon the
financial state of our great railway companies. That
mystery excites alternately the wildest hopes and
the most frantic; fears. At present it Works in

A,.,I;A:A; A A

..:i::.~►:1 ~cJa t."