The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-05 00:00:00

1_ NOVEIVIBER 5, 1846.

labe, for accor?,ing to the intimation of Beauchamp
Unit). torn. ix . 286), " Cest ainsi que son genie createur
perfectionna l'art nautique, avant de mettce son grand
pre iet a exec ution." The circumstances which accom-
panied that first entrance into the watery realms of the
western or can may be succinctly catalogued. On August
5. a rudder was damaged, and, on the following day,
they rept dred the accident ; on Aug. 13, they reached the
Canary 4slands, provisioned themselves anew, and, on
Septi.nfoer 6, quitted Gomera. here the altercation of
Christopher, with his mariners, coinnrenced ; and when
vc. reflect upon his various devices to decrease their de-
spondency, and to exalt their anticipations ; his falla-
ejops reckoning in the common log-book ; his ingenitais
explanation of that mysterious variation in the compass
first observed on September 13, a variation which has
been aptly classed among those phenomena " baffling the
experience of the practical, and humbling the pride of
science" (Irving, i., 203) ; his persistence in a westerly
course, so as not to appear wavering, and this despite
every inducement to a deviatio❑ ; his patient remon-
strance with his refractory crew ; his appeals to their
cupidity and ambition—every circumstance throughout
that most memorable of all voyages, demonstrates the
valour, and the self-reliance, and the fortitude, and the
almost presssieat certainty of success, which lived in the
bosom of Columbus. The spectacle of that extraordi-
nary man standing undismayed amongst his enemies, in
the midst of the then unknown Atlantic, is one of the
most thrilling and instructive pictures ever presented to
mankind. how affecting is the simplicity of that ex-
clamation of his, when the wind changed from E. to
S.W. on Sept. 20, and thereby afforded a temporary
pacification to his sailors, Alas, I much wanted this
Icontrary wind' (Navaritta, al. de Viages, vol. i. 12),
mucheo mefue necessario este viento contrario Even when
his situation had become absolutely desperate, namely,
when, on October 10, there was a proposition abroad
among the mariners to throw him overboard and return
homewards, the resolve of Christopher remained un-
shaken Oviedo, a somewhat credulous writer, declares
that Columbus thereupon capitulated with his crew for
three days longer. That assertion is proved to be a
gross fabrication; instead of yielding to the importuni-
ties and threats of these ignorant seamen, he actually
changed fro-m expostulation to upbraiding, and pro-
!aimed to them, in their teeth, that he would proceed at
every hazard. Sea weeds, birds with gorgeous and un-
usual plumage, branches covered with clusters of bril-
liant berries, land crabs floating upon casual pieces of
timber, together with a multitude of similar tokens,
assured them from time to time that the anticipations of
tleir commander might not prove altogether illusory.
Not, however, until the dawn of morning (Friday,
October 12), was their credulity wholly vanquished. A
glorious island lay before them, strewn with an un-
common verdure ; its shores covered with handsome
savages, perfectly naked, saving bracelets of the
purest gold, and fantastic plumes upon their heads ;
forests of novel foliage clothing the hills ; fruits of a
surprising aspect ripening on their boughs.
" With trumpets blowing and banners waving, the
mariners descended from their vessels, and glided in
boats to the beach. Christopher Columbus, clad in a
sumptuous garment of scarlet cloth, his while hair par-
tially concealed by a velvet cap, and bearing in his hand
the gonfalon of Spain, landed in the western hemisphere,
and, as Sportono finely exclaims, "with a grand footstep
pressed the new world," e di grand' orma it 71110110 mondo
imprima. Well does Washington Irving observe (Life
of Col. i. 234), that it is difficult even for the imagina-
tion to conceive the feelings of such a man at
;he moment of so sublime a discovery !" While the re.

pentant Spaniards were kneeling around the great Ad•
miral to kiss his feet, and to implore his forgiveness,
while the sun shone with an exceeding refulgence over
those newly revealed regions, while the singular in-
habitants stood gazing at them in wonderment from the
distance, the glorious heart of Columbus must have
throbbed with a divine tumult. And worthily were his
emotions evinced : he pressed his lips to that land for
which his soul had yearned so long : he planted the
cross among that godless people : he named the island
San Salvador, an island formerly called Guanahani, and
now reckoned amongst the Bahamas. 'Di/4 Salvatoris
nomine iniposui,' he reverently writes to Raphael Sanxis
(Bell. Christ. 116, date 1533), Cuju:sfretus auxtho, tam
ad hanc quam ad ceeteras alias permit:illus.' He there in-
augurated the political and ecclesiastical existence of a
hitherto unknown and gigantic hemisphere."
The article from which the above is taken derives a
peculiar interest from the recent festivities at Genoa in
honour of the memory of the glorious but unfortunate
Columbus. "Beauty and Glory," by M. G. Keon, is
a charming poetical conceit ; and in another page of
the magazine there are some beautiful and simple
verses, " The Avowal," by E. E. M. K. " Recollec-
tions of Salzburg , and of the Sons of Don Carlos," is
a laborious and interesting contribution ; and a brief,
but brilliant continuation of Mr. Leon's " Catholic
Man of Letters in London" terminates the number
fur November. As an admirable specimen of the
poetry scattered through Dolman, we quote the
delicate verses of "The Avowal," already mentioned.

THE AVOWAL.
Read it in each tim'rous glance
To thine own that trembles :
There how oft revealed by chance,
What the tongue dissembles.
Read it on my burning cheek,
With thy presence lighted ;
Read it writ in letters bleak,
By thy absence blighted.
Hear it on my lips confessed,
When they dare address thee :
When in prayer ; in hours of rest ;
When they wake to bless thee.
Feel it in my trembling hand,
In my hPart's wild beating,
When beside thy side I stand—
When our hands are meeting.

Learn it by the look that broods—
Anxious, wistful, haunting ;
Saying crowds are solitudes,
While one face be wanting.
Trust it by a maiden's truth,
By her pride's concession :
Trust—for woman loves in sooth,
When she deigns confession.

DEER-STALKING.—Numbers of the largest-ant-
lered stags, which, from the oppressive heat of the first
part of the season, roamed far and wide from their na-
tive glens, returned to their usual cornea by the begin-
ning of October, and, in consequence, some of the best
heads have been secured to the deer-stalker. Sir St.
George Gore, Bart., shot, near Strathvaitch, a stag
with the largest head of horns that has been sent for
preservation this season. The length of the beams of
the horns, measured along their curves, is thirty-two
inches; span at the greatest width of the bow, thirty
inches, and armed with thirteen sharp pointed antlers.
In course of the season, Sir St. George Goro has killed
27 red-deer and 4 roe-deer. The Marquis of Aber-
corn and party have killed in the Forest of Benalder,
at Ardverichie, this season, 29 fine stags, the average
weight of which, on the whole, was 17 stone, when
cleaned ; the largest being 20 stone 4 lbs. ; of these
15 had royal antlers, 3 of them having 13 points.
The largest head (a royal) was 39 inches in length,
following the curve of the horn ; the brow antler being
a foot in length, and the palm at the base of the three
upper points unusually large, being 10 inches and a
quarter in circumference. The remaining heads had
generally 10 or 11 points each. At Invershie, W. Evans,
Esq., and Friends, had first-rate deer-stalking, having
shot 25 in all—several of them with large heads. Capt.
Inge and party have been equally successful in the glens
of Fasnakyle. From Rhidorrach Forest we hare seen
some large-horned deer—two very recently—all shot by
John Hay Mackenzie, Esq. At Coigach, C. M. Camp-
bell, stalked and shot 5 red-deer. At Ardgour, H. St.
John, Esq., got 2 during the last fortnight, making
4 for the season—all good heads. At Annat, Colonel
Long secured 6 deer ; and at Loubcroy Mr.
Jones got 2. In the woods at Ord, lately, Mr.
Mackenzie and friends had a day of fine sport among
the deer—John Mackenzie, Esq., Ness House ; E. Ut-
terton, Esq.; A. Mackenzie, Esq., yr. of Ord ; and T.
Mackenzie, Esq., of Ord, having each killed a deer—
the last, a large stag, which weighed, when clean, 17
stone 5 potends.—lnverness Courier.
EARNINGS BY CONVICTS.—It is stated, in the
Fourth Report to Parliament respecting Pentonville
Prison (printed on Monday), that the progress made by
the prisoners in their several trades had been creditable
to them. Of the 107 prisoners sent abroad during the
past year, 53 were taught trades who had never learned
any previous to admission ; 39 who had a previous
knowledge of one trade were taught a second ; and 15
were employed at their own trades. Of these, 86 were
in the first trades' class, which consists of those who are
capable of earning their living by the trade in which
they have been instructed ; 17 were in the second class,
which consists of those who, although not so far ad-
vanced as others, have a competent knowledge of their
trade. Two were of the third class, which consists of
those who are of inferior capacity, but willing and
advancing ; and only two were of the fourth class,
who, being careless and ignorant, had made but little
progress. Of the 484 prisoners in confinement at the
close of the past year, 171 were in the first class,
270 in the second, forty-one in the third, and two
in the fourth class. The daily average number of
prisoners in trades during the past year was 440. The
total earnings in the year amounted to 2,8491. Ils. 4d.; j
making the general average by each prisoner 61. 93. 61d.
The total earnings, upon a daily average, of 448 pri-
soners in 1844 were 1,901/. Gs. 941.; and upon a daily
average of 440 prisoners in 1845 the total earnings were
2,8491. Ils. 4d.; showing an increase of earnings during
the past year of 9481. 4s. 7d. Various causes have
tended to produce that increase,—.the addition of four
trade instructors to the manufacturers' staff; an exten-
sion of the daily working hours; the saving of the time
heretofore employed in the pump-labour, and now given
to the working at trades; the application to trades of a
considerable portion of the time heretofore given to
school instruction, certain prisoners being allowed to
stay away from school altogether, and the whole of the
first school having only one instead of two school days
per week. The clear earnings of the prisoners were,
after wafles of the manufacturers department were
deducted, I,T tit. Qs.

%17 EST ERN A usT RA lAA.

---
The following intelligence from the Swan River
settlement, on the western coast of
Australia, an-
nouncing the highly important fact of the discovery
of coal in the Murray district, and also the discovery
of a new port on the same coast, has reached England
in the almost incredibly short space of eighty-nine
days. We are informed, that it was expressed by
P. C. Singleton, Esq.,. (Government Resident) from
the Murray district (Western Australia) to Perth ;
from thence, by the exertions of Samuel Moore, Esq.,
it was conveyed to Fremantle, and to Sincapore by '
Lieutenant Helpman, R.N.
(From the Supplement Extraordinary to the Swan River
News and Western Australian Chronicle [printed in
London,] of Nov. 1.)
LATE AND IMPORTANT FRIA WESTERN
AUSTRALIA.—DISCOVERY OF COAL IN
THE MURRAY DISTRICT. --A NEW PORT
DISCOVERED.
DISCOVERY OY A STRATUM OF COAL.—Mr. Samuel
Moore, in a letter to the editor of the Inquirer, dated
July 30, states that a drain running N.N.E., 100 yards
long and about four feet deep, hiving been cut in a clay
plain, on the lands of Mr. .Beacham, 35 miles south of
Fremantle, and within a short distance of the Murray
river, a stratum was discovered, about three feet from the
surface, of clay, similar to the shale of Lancashire, run-
ning nearly horizontally along both sides of the drain,
and containing shining substances like fractured coal em-
bedded in it, which, when burnt, produced gas and flame.
On digging some yards east and west, the stratum was
again met with, dipping to the west about two inches in
the yard. On the east side a depth of 14i feet was
reached, and the following strata passed throngh :-1, a
yellow sandy clay.-2, yellow clay containing reddish
spots.—a, shale clay containing black shining substances
resembling coal.-4, brown clay.-5, azure blue clay,
about six inches thick, containing veins of a black sub-
stance, in which the marks of large leaves were dis-
cernible.-6, blue clay, rather lighter than the last, and
three feet thick.-7, dark brown clay, 46 inches thick.--
8, hard sand, two feet and a half thick, and, 9, strong
adhesive clay. Here the operations were stopped by
the accumulation of the rain in the small shaft that has
been sunk, but samples of the various strata were sub-
mitted to Mr. Birch (a chemist from Staffordshire), who
at once pronounced them to be coal!
Mr. F. C. Singleton accompanied Mr. Moore in his
expedition of discovery, and gives a similar report.
Both gentlemen have sent for the Swan River News
full particulars of their impressions on the subject, and
Mr. Moore informs us that he intends to send down a
boring instrument forthwith to the field of operations.
DISCOVERY or A NEW PonT.—ln Mangles Bay, at the
south extremity of Cockburn Sound, and at a distance
of three miles N. by E. from Peel's Harbour, a depth
of water has been found of five and six fathoms at 100
yards from the sandy beach, and ten to eleven fathoms
at a cable's length farther out, " on a buttons," -says Mr.
Roe, the surveyor-general, " of the best possible holding
ground, consisting of soft clay." The frontage of the
splendid anchorage is the proposed town site of Rocking-
ham, and the country around being of a level character
as far as the forests, Mr. Roe suggests that railways
could be easily made to bring down the timber and shift
it into the ship, which would be in perfect shelter with
her bow or stern warped close to the shore. This port
is to be named after the ex-Colonial Minister, and to be
called "Port Gladstone." The Surveyor-General was
engaged in making the chart of this port, which is so
well calculated to supply the want so long felt of good
and secure anchorages on the western coast, the ports
on the eastern shores of the islands being hitherto the
only really excellent harbours of the colony since the
irruption of the sea into Safety Bay ; but in this new
port a line-of-battle ship may lie perfectly secure with
her bowsprit almost on the shore.

THE WEST INDIA MAIL.
SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY NIGHT.—The Thames,
Royal Mail Steam Ship, Lieut. Philip llast, R.N., Com-
mander, arrived this evening, at seven o'clock, from the
West Indies and Mexico. She brings the usual mails.
The Thames has had very favourable weather during
the whole voyage, and has arrived in excellent time ; in
short, three days before she was due at the Post-office.
Her freight consists of 311,400 dollars, all of which
are on merchants' account ; 1,372 ounces of platina,
1,149 ounces of old silver, 5001. in British coin, 5,051
ounces of gold dust, 3001. worth of pearls, 114 barrels of
sarsaparilla, two serous of indigo, 100 large cases of
cigars, 59 barrels of arrowroot, &c.
Her latest dates of departure are, llonduras, Sept.
20 ; Chagres. 25th ; Tampico, 24th ; Carthagena,
28th ; Vera Cruz, October 2 ; Demerara, 4th ; Trini-
dad, 6th ; La Gußra, 7th ; Barbadoes, 9th ; Jamaica,
9th ; Grenada, 1 ; Havannah, 13th ; St. Thomas,
15th ; and Bermuda, 21st.
Her Majesty's ships left at Vera Cruz.—Endymion,
Alarm, Electra and Daring. Her Majesty's sloop Rose
sailed from Vera Cruz on the 14th of September, and
Havannah on the 4th of October, for Spithead, with about
150,000 dollars on board.
American blockading squadron off Vera Cruz.—The
Cumberland, 54 guns, Commodore Conner; Raritan, 54;
St. Mary's, 22 ; Somers, 12 ; two small
steamers, and
four schooners.
Off Tampico—The Porpoise, 12-gun brig.
The Company's steam-ship Clyde, Captain Symons,
left Grenada, for Trinidad ; and the Treat, Captain
Rivett, for Jamaica, on the 10th of Octobei ; the Rein-
deer was at St. Thomas's on the 15th of October ; the
Tay, Captain Boxer, sailed from Havannah, for Vera
Cruz, on the 10th of October ; the Forth, Captain
Chapman, was left at Bermuda on the 21st of October ;
and the Tweed, Captain Parsons, was at Jamaica on the
9th cf October.

The Thames passed the Bremen,
Nov.rig, No. 115, on the
13th of October, off Matanzas. N 2, in lat. 47 31
N., long. 15 37 W., passed the brig Britannia, of Pictou,
waterlogged and abandoned.

Amon—ist the passengers by the Thames is the ex-
President of Mexico, General Paredes. lie embarked
at Vera Crux, and was brought thither under a strong
escort from Mexico. The General appears in excellent
spirits, and seems to bear his sentence of banishment
from his ill-starred country with great composure. He
is rather diminutive, and about 50 years of age.
Not a single dollar has been brought from Tampico or
Vera Cruz on account of the dividends. This, as a
matter of course, will excite no surprise, taking into con-
sideration the present aspect of affairs.

BIEXICO.
The advices from Vera Cruz are down to the 23 of
October. The news of General Taylor's attack on Mon-
terey had not, up to that time, reached thither.

THE WEST INDIES.
The news from the West India Islands is of no great
moment. The crops are looking extremely favourable,
and promise abundantly. In Jamaica, heavy rains had
fallen; much more, in fact, than had been experienced for
many years. Several gales had been experienced, but
no great damage had arisen.

AWFUL HURRICANE AT HAVANNAH.-ONE

HUNDRED SHIPS WRECKED.
On Sunday, the 11th of October, llavannah was
visited by the most violent hurricane ever remembered
by the oldest inhabitant. The damage to the shipping
lying in that beautifully land-locked harbour proved
most disastrous, scarcely a ♦essel escaped, many sunk,
and out of, at least 120 sail the Habanero, Spanish brig-
of-war, the Royal Mail steamship Thames, the English
brig William Rushton, and two or three others at the
termination of the gale were the only vessels riding in
safety. The shears at the navy yard were blown down,
the wharves torn up and much injured, and covered:with
wrecked property. '1 he city suffered comparatively
little, but the suburbs, especially the Cerro, Horcon,
Colon, and San Sazaro very severely. In Regla the
damage done was frightful—from the ruins of ono house
were dug eleven corpses. The total number of lives
lost could not be known, but many must have been
drowned. The theatre Tacon was much injured; the
opera-house in ruins. At the height of the gale the
barometer was down to 27.70; in the hurricane of 1844
it was 28.42.

REFUSING TO COMPLETE A VOYAGE.-At the
Yarmouth Police Court on Monday, Mr. E. 11. L.
Preston, as part owner and agent for the ship En-
chantress, laid an information against four of the crew,
named Robert Masters, Robert Thacker, William
Mackenzie, and William Letch, for refusing to go
on the voyage from this port to Constantinople, laden
with a cargo of coals. The Superintendent of Po-
lice said that he went off with Mr. Preston in a boat
to the vessel on Sunday last. Mr. Preston asked them to
go the voyage, and they positively refused. Mr. Pres-
ton then offered to put an additional band on board,
and the answer Masters made was, " We asked the
captain to put more hands on board when we first
left Newcastle, and he would not, and now we
wont go if you put twenty men on board." The
men had no defence to make, except that they had
not sufficient hands on board. The practice of the dis-
satisfied part of a crew assuming to dictate what num-
ber of hands the captain shall engage, is increasing.
The magistrates inflicted the heaviest punishment, viz.,
thirty days' imprisonment, with hard labour,—Norfolk
Chronicle.

SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 4.—The Peninsular and Ori-
ental Company's steam ship Madrid, Captain Bingham,
arrived this evening at half-past nine o'clock, from the
Peninsula, bringing the usual mails. The Magid has
on board a few packages of specie, and a small cargo of
fruit. Ships of War lying at Lishen—Her Britannic
Majesty's ships Canopus and America ; the French brig
Cygne and steamer Labrador; and the usual Portuguese
squadron. Tho British squadron, consisting of five ships
of the line and one steamer, were standing in for the
South Channel, at the entrance of the Tagus on the
30th of October, at five P.M. The Company's steam-
ship Queen was steaming out of Vigo Bay as the
Madrid left.
MORNINQ MAILS.—On TueFilay hags were sent br
morning mails to the following additional post town;, 111**.y
command of the licAstinaster-General:—A , B
ognor,
Chidester, Enasworth, and Ilavtm