The Sun.
London, England, 1833-03-29 00:00:00

gPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS

From the discussion uotile army estimates it ap-
pears that Ireland finds work for 23,000 men, or
more than one-fourth of the entire army of the em-
pire, and if the machinations for producing dis-
turbance in that country should prove but a little
more successful than heretofore, its military force
must be further, and considerably, augmented. In
that case,—and it is surely one which ought to be
provided against,—the troops in Great Britain
(21,000 men) can he looked upon no otherwise
than as a reserve for the Irish army, and ought on
no account to be diminished. The portion of the re-
gular forces thus locked up, or 44,000 men, is about
one-half of the entire which the estimates of the
Minister call for. With regard to the slave colo-
nies, it has always been our opinion, that squadrons
of men-of-war, in aid of the local militia, were
more appropriate as well as more economical pro-
tectors for those insular dependencies of Great
Britain than any given number of marching re-
giments could be. There is hardly a West
India island but Jamaica so extensive dnat a
single day's march would nit bring any body of
men, after their disembarkation, to whatever
spot of the interior might have become the scene
of tumult. The present time, indeed,- while the
relations between white man and negro are so pre-
carious, and the pas•ions of both so fearfully excited,
might not be well chosen for a terloction of the
colonial garrisons; but when the existing storm shall
have blown over, and ma. ters shall have come round
to an average state of tranquillity, it will be most
'desirable to diminish the amount of troops in those
tnwlrslesome climates, and to throw the defence of
Ore colonies on their landed proprietors, and on the
nearest ships of war. A question having been
raised on Wednesday evening as to the wisdom of
!rat retAittibg the protectorship of the lonian Islands
insteeq of getting them surrendered,to Greece, the
,A.r...swer is, obviously, that it is better for England to
keep possession, now she has them, that to find
herself tinder the necessity of retaking possession,
not from Greece, but from the hands of some
Power—and such a Power we all know there
is—which might, by bullying or manoeuvring,
by stratagem or force, contrive to wrest the

islands from the feeble grasp of Ktrig Otho,
" and convert them into formidable military and
naval depots, for the control of the neighbouring
states in the Levant. If Greece were once strong
enough, and Russia sufficiently inoffensive, to re-
lieve us from all reasonable apprehension with re-
gard to the ultimate fate of these islands, we should,
for ourselves, rejoice to see Great Britain fairly rid
of.all concern in them; and, with one foot on
Gibraltar, and the other on Milts, virtually, though
not ostentatiously, bestriding the whole policy of
the Mediterranean. With Malta and Giltralrar to
advance from, and retreat upon, this country need
have little alarm, though Mehemet Ali take hold of
yria), and France second the Ottoman power in
nominating. Bashaws to Algiers. Whatever, we
!repeat, a future period may admit of, it will just now
be shallow and thriftless policy to weaken the armed
force, of, Great Britain. While adverting to the
army eatimates, we may take occasion to add that
an arrangement long contemplated is now accom-
plished by the removal of Sir John Hobbouse to
the Secretaryship or Ireland, vice Mr. Stanley,
who succeeds Lord Goderich in the Colonial-office,
the latter Minister lacing accepted the Pr vy Seal.
The writs Were moved for last night. The suc-
cessor to Sir John Hobhouse has not yet been an-
nounced, but Mr. Edward Ellice has, we believe
and hope, accepted the appointment. With regard
to the Colonial Department, we must frankly ex-
press our hope that in the delicate questions which
are now at issue with the colonists the late Secre-
tary for Ireland (a man of unquestionable talent)
will be enabled to supply the only defect with which
even his enemies charge him, by keeping a more
efficient watch over his own temper than he has
done hitherto, either as an Irish Minister or as a
Parliamentary debater. Let Mr. Stanley be but
true to himself and to his own great powers, and
there is no elevation which he may not, none which
he must not, reach, nor any, ,difficulty which he can
fail of surmounting. Let him bethink himself of
the suffering condition of the eolonists,—of the
already desperate state of their fortunes„—that the
mortgages of most of them cover the fee simple
of their estates, when taken at the very highest
value; and then, when called upon to coerce them,
which he must do ere long, let the Right Hon.
Gentleman remember what a Noble Lord, Under-
Secretary in that office over which Mr. Stanley is
about to preside, has been accused, we know not
how justly, of too frequently forgetting,—viz., that
anxious and distressed men, with irretrievable ruin
gaping for them, whether they address him as in-
dividuals or as delegates from pub is bodies, have a
right, if not to sympathy and indulgence, at least to
mild and courteous treatment. The fortiter in re
does not always demand a departure from the sua-
titer in modo. The West Indians have behaved
absurdly, but as Mr. Stanley has them at his feet,
he will lose nothing of his vantage-ground by avoid-
ing to exasperate, offend, or disgust them. As to
the appointments of Sir John Ilobhonse and Mr.
Ellice, we see much reason to congratulate the
country upon them both. The two Members are
not only active men of business, but remarkable for
sound judgment and manly firmness.—Times.
Mr. Ewan asked leave of the House last night
to introduce a Bill for the purpose of removing the
ass-zes of the county of Lancaster to Manchester
and Liverpool. It having been generally under-
stood that no opposition would be offered, a state-
ment was made by the Hon. Mover, of the grounds
on which this Bill was sought for ; and, like others
of a similar description, which have latterly been
passsd, this Bill would have been introduced as a
matter of course, had it not been for the injudicious
and uncalled-for interposition of the Solicitor-Gene.

ral, who, apparently desirous of assuming a little con-
sequence, recommended its postponement, with a
view to the introduction of a general measure, con-
ferring the power on the Crown of determining the
places at which assizes should be held. This is,
undoubtedly, a very advisable course to follow. The
power of fixing the places most convenient for the
administration of justice in the provinces, ought
unquestionably to rest with the Executive

Government, or at least with the Privy Coun-
cil, and a general measure of the nature pro-
posed must prove beneficial. But we know too well
the delays attending the arrangement and introduc-
tion of any general measures, to think that the sug-
gestions of such a plan ought to form a just excuse
for delaying cotr.pliance with a demand at once so
just and reasonable as that of the whole southern
divisio❑ of Lancashire for speedier and cheaper
justice. Lawyers, with scarcely any exception, have
always proved the most serious bar to judicial im-
provement; and even when there exists in any of
the class a disposition to amend any of the defects
of the system in which they had been brought up,
there still remains enough of crotchet and a stickling
to special pleading habits to defeat the good intentions
which are entertained by them. Such, no doubt, is
the,cause of the course pursued by the Solicitor-
General last night. Ultimately the debate was
adjourned till the l3ih April, on the suggestion of
Lord Alt horp, in order that, if a general measure
were not then announced, the partial relief sought
for by this Bill might be afforded. The Members
for the southern division of Lancashire, and the
great towns within it, will of course take care that
the present delay shall riot ultimately defeat the
measure.—Morning chronicle.

We are happy to find that there is now a pros-
pect of the e.tailishmerit of Local Courts in die
country. Lord Brougham last night brought i„ a
B 11 for establishing in certain parts of the kingdom
Courts of Local Jurisdiction. They are to be pre-
sided over by a Sergeant at Law, or by a Barris-
ter of at least ten years' standing—men of such
character and weight as would give confidence to
suitors. The amount of debt for which actions may

be brought, in consequence of repeated discussions
with the Law Commissioners, is lowered from 100/.
to 2W.; but actions for damages for slander, seduc-

tion, assault, and the like, may be maintained for
511. With a view to show the extent. of business
wiihin these limits, his Lordship observed, that of
93,000 affidavits of debt, in the Courts of West-
minster, in 1826, the last year for which there were
any returns, no fewer than 30,000 were for debts
tinder 20/, and 48 000 for debts under 50/., while
the remaining 15,000 only were for large sums. In
1829, 890 suits were tried in London and Middle-
sex, 31:3, or oae-third of which (including actions
for damages as well as debt) were for matters under
20/. An important provision in the Bill is, that
actions to any amount, including tithe, freehold, or
any other matter, may be adjudicated in the Local
Courts, by consent of the parties concerned. An
experiment is also to he made, whether it be pos-
sible to make these Courts act like the Reconci-
liation Courts of Denmark and Norway, which have
had the effect of preventing much litigation. And,
finally, it is intended to gi,ve Bankruptcy cases to
the Local Courts. As the Courts are to move from
pl ice to place, sitting every month except August,
ill all the causes in each district are disposed of, it
may be possible, said his Lordship, that one Judge
shall be able to transact the business of three or four
counties. We need hardly observe, that even with
the limitations with regard to amount, this Court
can hardly fail to be productive of great benefit to
the country. 'We are not sorry that the experiment
is attempted fist on a low scale; because this si-
lences opposition, and if the experiment succeeds,
that which is now very limited may be extended,
and that which is optional may he made imperative.
In Scotland, the Small Debt Courts introduced in
1795 were limited to 3/. 6s. Bd.; they afterwards
tried debts of 5/.,-and, at last, powers to try sum-
marily all debts under 12/. were given.—Morning
Chronicle,
The buz of changes in the Cabinet turns out to
have had some meaning in it. There was, it seems,
a movement in the hive, though the movement was
not preparatory to a flight. In fact, it was nothing
but what military melt tall a step consequent upon
the retirement of Lord Durham, and affecting three
font of the principal officers of Government.
Lord Goderich has left the Colonial Office for that
oe the Lord Privy Seal. Mr. S anley has left the
fish Secretary's Office for that of the Colonies.
Sir John Hobhouse has left the Horse Guards to
become Secretary for Ireland; and Lord Howick
succeeds Sir John as Secretary at War. Without
qhestioning the talents of any of the above-named
phrties, we must say that not one of them has be-
queathed " a bed of roses" to his successor, or has
left his department in a better condition than he
found it. At the same time it is impossible not to
see that some awk warrlites, of position have been
got rid of by the new arrangement. The removal
of Mr. Stanley, in particular, was a boon for which
we hope neither the R ght Hon. Gentleman nor
Ireland will prove tingrat• ful. Lords Goderich,
and Howick we will answer for it, left the Colonies
without a pang; and if Sir John Hobhouse shed
tears at parting from the Horse Guards, it was more
`than the Horse Guards did at 'parting with Sr
John. Still, as we leave intimated already, they all
had good, reason for congrattilating each other on
being advanced to what they now are, front situa-
tions in which they were more known than ad-
trfired.—Morning Herald.

Mr. Robinson has done himself great credit, and

the country some good, by motion for a Select
Committee, the object of which was to substitute a
graduated property tax.in lieu of the complicated,
burdensome, expensive, and unequal system of tax-
ation which now presses on the national industry.
Though the motion was lost on a division, the argu-
ment was triumphant, and, constituted as Parlia-
ment now is, if argument does not hit the Hou•e in
the first instance, it may be expected to hit in the
rebound—to tell hack from the public mind upon
the mind of the Legislature, and produce conviction
at second hand, in spite of the discouragement of a
bad beginning. But Mr. Robinson's was not a bad

beginning ; any thing short of success was less than
it, deserved ; hut still, taking into account the bold-
ness of the proposal, and the distracting variety of
topics which solicit attention at the present moment,
the minority was too large to create despondence
in any party except the party to whose opinions
it was opposed. There are few persons, we be-
Feve, capable of exert sing an unbiassed judg-
rm nt on the question, who do not see that
we must come to a property tax at last—n:4y,
that we are fast coming to it, through the failure

of other sources of taxation. Ministers must them

selves be aware not only of the appalling fact that
industry sinks exhausted tinder the weight of the
burdens imposed on it, but that patience is begin-
ning to give way. They must know that there are
taxes which, if inserted in the Budget of this year,
will endanger their financial scheme, through the
obnoxious light in which they are regarded by the
public. If Ministers cannot, or will not, make way
for the remission of such taxes, by reducingthe ex-
penditure—a process of which we can "as yet dis-
cover no trace or symptom in their proceedings--
there remains no other course, so far, as we can per-
ceive, but that of a property tax to relieve the in-
dustry and satisfy the feelings and demands of the
country. At all events, if there be another, the
sooner the Chancellor of the Exchequer provides
himself with the machinery and apparatus for putting
it in motion the better, as the occasion for employing
it cannot be far distant, unless a change, like a mi-
racle, should be wrought in the condition of the
people, or a change sill more violent in their de-
sires. One of the most curious incidents in the

debate was the hit made at Lord Althorp arid
his colleagues by Mr. Robinson, on the score
of their former vote in favour of a property
tax when brought forward by Mr. Poulett
Thomson. To be sure, there was this broad
difference in the circumstances to establish a
prima facie case in the reaQoning, that all the R;ght
lion. Gentlemen were our of power %, hen they
supported the motion, and in power when they op-
posed it. This would be enough to satisfy some
persons—perhaps to satisfy us—but Lord Althorp
undertook to explain the phenomenon. In doing so
his Lordship gave the Hou,e to understand that

.
since he came into office he knew more about tax-
ation than he did before, and that the result of It
increased knowledge was to refuse a motion which
he had once supported. But his Lordship ought
to have stated what his increased knowledge was.
It was scarcely generous to have kept it to himself,
especially as his example could be quoted both ways
to the confusion of those who might be anxious to
avail themselves of his authority. There is one ad-
vantage, however, arising from the course which hie
Lordship and his colleagues have pursued. We can
enjoy the pleasure of their company whichever road we
take,and can at the same momen, contradict and agree
in their opinions. But we think it would not be
difficult to offer another solution of the problem than
that which suggested itself to Lord Althorp. We
agree with his Lordship that it is much easier to
convince either the House or the people what taxes
ought to be taken off than what taxes ought to be
laid on, and in this hint we think we can catch a
glimpse of the real cause of the inconsistency tnani-
ested by the present Government. The fact, we
believe, is, that they find a large portion of the
aristocracy adverse to the proposed transfer of taxa-
'ion from industry to capital, and they fear that
party mote than they lore their own consistency,
or even their own conviction of ‘vliat is right. At
all events let us hope that as the Ministers have

already taken both sides of the question, they will
feel the less difficulty in resuming their former
position when circumstances favour another change.
Horses, we know, prefer the journey homeward;
and though Minis ers of State are not creatures of
instinct, they may be suspected of some leaning to-
wards the opinions which they once entertained.—
Morning Herald.

The changes in the Administration, the approach
of which, on►y a few hours before their official
promulgation, the Ministerial jinni-I.lls still continued
to, deny, have taken place, and the new writs have
been oidered for filling the vacancies in the House
of Commons, which they have occasioned. Lord

Goderich has been removed from the colonial de-
partment, to repose for a time in the easy dignity
of Lord Privy &ed. He is succeeded at the Colo-
nial Office by Mr. S•ariley, who makes room for
Sir J. Hobhouse as the Chief Secretary for Ireland.
These changes, it is understood, are but the fore-
runners of other changes still more important; and
they are interest:ng, therefore, not merely on
their own account, but as they may be considered
indicative of the character of the future changes
for which they seem to prepare the way. In
both these respects, we are disposed to look
upon the recent alteration in the construction of
the Cibinet as upon the whole satisfactory. The
removal of Lord Goderich from an important
and influential office, to one of which the duties
are little more than nominal, must, we think,
he gratifying to all parties. His Lordship, since
the period when he was Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, under the leadership of Mr. Canning, has
been gradually sinking in the estimation of the com-
munity, and had at length arrived at a point of de-
pression incompatible with the possession of any
other than a sinecure office even in such an Adminis-
tration as the present. It is a further eratification
to the country to believe that the Noble Lord ob-
tains the Seals merely as a disguise to his disgrace,
that he will speedily be out of office altogether, and
that all the other renegades who have united them-
selves to the present Administration are des.ined
speedily to be overtaken by the same fate. It is,
we hope, also an omen of good to the inte-
rests chiefly concerned that Mr. Stanley should
have been appointed to supersede in the Co-
lonial Office the feeble Nobleman who was lately
at its head. We do not wish to become the
eulogists of Mr. Stanley, brit we must say
that his past conduct has greatly deceived us as to
his character if it be not quite certain that from the
moment of his entrance into the Colonial Office the
influence of that mischievous faction of saintly hy-
pocrites which has so long been allowed to predomi-
nate in that department of the Government, and
which has been productive of so much injury to one
of the most important of our na•ional interests, will
be at an end. There can he no dominion so fatal
to the peace and security of the West India interest
as the dominion of the conventicles; and into what-
ever errors Mr. Stanley may have fallen, or may fall
hereafter, that of yieldingimplicit obedience to the au-
thority of cant will probably never be of the number.
It is at least something to have a Colon al Minister
whose fault-, if faults he should commit, will be his
own, and who has a mind too enlightened and a
sprit too lofty to take forhis guide the cabal of Al.
dermanbury and the tea-tables of Clapham. The
elevation of Mr. Stanley to the office of Se-
cretary of State will probably be followed
by his recognition as the Ministerial leader in
the House of Commons, a sta'ion for which Lord
Althorp is manifestly deficient in every one of the
nec ssary qualifications. But this is a station in
which the Reform B 11 has made it next to impos-
sible for any Minister to succeed, and in which it
may admit of ome doubt, indeed, whether the
highest talent or the most grovelling incapacity have
the best chance of success. Sir John Cam Hob-
house, in undertaking to apply the coercive measure
in Ireland which he has so consistently advocated
in Parliament, must of course have made up his
mind to take a final leave of his late constituents,
the electors of Westminster, since he can hardly ex-
pect them to abandon, for his sake, all the princi-
ples which farmed the original basis of his connec-
iien with them. We shall wait with some curiosity
to see which of the new Government boroughs
created by the Reform Bill will be selected-(one of
the clesest and safest it will naturally be) to lose
its present Member, by the old hackneyed device
of the Chiltern Hundreds, in order to have the ho-
nour thrust upon it of finding a seat for the new
Irish Secretary.—Morning Post.

The new volume of the Standard Novels is,
it seem-, to consist of Mrs. INCHBALD:S celebrated Fic-
tions—" A Simple Story," and Nature and A, t," com-
plete, an one volume. These Tales, for or iginaliv, pas-
sion, and general intensity of purpose, are inftrior to none
in t,ur lanpage. To commend them is superfluous, as
tney have long been fixed in the hearts of readers of all
classes. We are glad, therefore, to see thst they are to be
embodied in the above National Series.

A curious case will be found in our Parlia-
mentary report, that of ELIZABETH ROBINSON, ordered to
attend at the bar of the House of Commons, for refusing
to answer questions put to her by the Liver old Election
o,mmittee, as she was in fear of her life. She refused to
tell by whom she had been threatened. It was very pro.
perly decided by the House, that intimidation was not
sufficient excuse in such a case—that the House ought to
extend its protection to her—and th it she might rely on
that protection. Were such a reason to be allowed, all
inquiries with a view to discover guilt would be useh-ss,
for who that is guilty would not endeavour to screen him-
self by attempts at intimidation, and bow feiv witnesses
would have resolution to incur the risk of the mere allega-

ti .n, if intimidation were to ahlnlve them from the neces-
sity of giving ,videnee?—adorning Chronicle.
THE OPERATION OF LITHOTRITY.—In

the Lancet are the details of the case of Mr. Wm. CARD,
of 111,rthampton, who appears to have been relieved by
Mr. COSTELLO, the eminent lithutriti.t, from the horrible
sufferings he had endured for twenty-one years from a
stone the size of a pull,t's egg, almost without pain arid
without bloodshed. We are surprised that this operation
has not become more general), known, and i!t3 benefits
and advantages appreciated, both in and out of the pro-
fession; but we have been repeatedly astonished of late to
find individuals in the educated rank of society labouring

under this dreadful disease, and about to Undergo the
painful, bloody, and dangerous operation of lythotomy,
without being aware that they might be relieved from their
sufferings without submitting to so dreadful and hazardous
a remedy. We believe that some of the leading surgeons
now refuse to practise lythotomy ; indeed, we know that
two or three of the mo•t celebrated surgeons and lytboto-
mists now invariably consign their patients to Mr. Cos-
TELL°.

SINGULAR Pit ENOMENON.—The following
description of a living animal in the eye of a child, is fur-
nished by a me .ical gentleman intimately acquainted with
the fict :—" I shall most willingly give you the informa-
tion ',Attired, as, through the kindness of the medical
gentleman who has brought the patient to this city, I have
had repeated opportunities of minutely examining the
case. The girl is about seven years old ; and in the
month of January last was seiz-d with severe inflamma-
tion in the left eye. This was subdued by the usual
means, but her medical attendant was shortly after
wards requested to examine the eye, when he discovered
the. existence of the little animal in its anterior chamber.
At present the eye is pretty free from any marks of in.
flammation, and on looking into the front part of it a
round globule will be perceived, of a bluish-white colour,
anout the size of a small pearl, or two lines in diameter.
At the lower edge of this body a small white substance is
perceived, which, when the animal is at rest, lies within the
circular globule, but at intervals this is pushed out or elon-
eated in the form of a proboscis, with two little slickers at
the end. It does this frequently and with great quickness,
and every time it is pushed out and drawn inwards, the shape
of the animal changes from a to that of an oblong or
oval. This motion also makes its whole body move upwards
and downwards in a slieht degree in ti-e eye. The anitnil
is not fixed in any way to the membranes of the eye—it
fl iats freely in the aqueous humour, and when the child's
head is turned backwards, or round fom one side to the
other, the animal traverses the whole horn chamber of
the eye. This animal is a species of hydatid, called cis-
lieereus. It is found frequently in tr e brain of the
sheep, giving rise to the disease called staggers or sturdy,
and has been found also in pigs, and Oct asionaily in tree
centre of the human brain, as also in the cellular parts
of the museh sof the body. Its structure is exceedingly
simple, consisting of a membrane or circular bag, which
is the stomach, and occupies the whole of its body, and
of a proboscis, which it can. push outwards and inwards
by a muscular contraction, at the end of which is an ori-
ft c corresponding to a mouth. There is no excretory
opening, and if it has to eject any of the lymph on which
it feeds, it must do go through its porous skin, or, perhaps,
i he e e
polypus, through the mouth. When it moves the
p ::ob ci, it most probably is in the act of feeding. NO
instance, that I am aware of, has hitherto occurred where
this animal was found in the eye. This case, then, is
highly interesting, as one of the simplest of animals is thus
presented to our view, in a transparent medium, where its
every action can be minutely watched. It appears to cause
no inconvenience to the child further titan a pat tial inter-
ruption of sight when it is interposed beta yen the pupil and
the object to be seen. I am, &c. " W. RHIND.
" 15, Elder.street, March 21."—..Edinburgh Paper.