The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-10 00:00:00

1 1848.

MAGAZINES, &c.—(CONTINUED).
THE MIRROR.

By far the most interesting article in The Mirror
for the present month, (perhaps it would not be going
too far to say the most interesting article in any of
the magazines for the month,) is the sketch of the life
and career of General Cavaignac. It is impossible to
read this memoir without being convinced of the
attachment of Cavaignac to Republican principles.
He is the son of an old Conventionalist; his family
and himself have suffered "outrage, calumny, and
wrong" for their attachment to republican principles,
both from the Governments of Charles X. and from
that of Louis Philippe. He has, moreover, always
seemed void of ambition ; and has had greatness
thrust upon him rather than sought it, but has inva-
riably risen with the occasion, and shown himself
always equal to the exigencies of the position in which
he has been placed. Sent to Africa in hopes that the
climate would prove his destruction, he, by his heroic
defence of Cherceil, drew on himself the public atten-
tion, and wrung promotion from an unwilling govern-
ment. He suffered so much from the wounds he had
received in the course of the campaign, that he was
compelled to return to France in 1839,
" Where shortly afterwards he published an able
though unpretending volume " On the Regency." With-
out
being in any degree brilliant or profound, this work
is marked by all the sagacity, coolness, and sound sense
which distinguish the writer's character, and in this re-
spect place a aide line of demarcation between him and
so many of his countrymen. Had Cavaignac been of
Saxon instead of Celtic origin, we should indeed have
been more disposed to credit his alleged Irish descent.
All the calmness and circumspection conspicuous in the
former, and go different from the recklessness and mere
animal audacity characteristic of the other race, are pre-
eminent in his temperament, and the germs of them are
to be found displayed in that work. It excited consider-
able attention at the period, and if he maintains his pre-
sent position, the views there developed will probably
secure it still more attention. Without being in any de-
gree written to obtain their support, the Government of
Louis Philippe quickly perceived that it was marked by
the meditation and resolution of no ordinary man. Had
he been a more unscrupulous supporter, his services
would doubtless have been engaged at home; if he had
displayed less intuitive sagacity he would have been sum-
marily dismissed or consigned to neglect. But neither
course in his case was deemed expedient or safe; and
the following year, 1840, accordingly again beheld him
in Africa with the rank of Lieutenant-ColoneL
" The views propounded by Cavaignac in this work on
the Regency, as it was termed, or government of Al-
giers, were carried out by him so far as possible in his
future commands. Under the system of forbearance I
and equity which he recommended, amicable relations
were for a short period established between Abd-el-
Kader and the invaders, and hopes were entertained of
the speedy improvement and tranquil colonization of the
country. But they were of brief duration, Bugeaud, or
his counsels, now reigned supreme at the Tuileries; and
the unscrupulous Louis Philippe was readily induced to
enter upon a system of brutality and extermination
which might prove ruinous to the country or the natives,
but would secure the great object of his desire—military
fame or notoriety for his offspring. With this view
son after son 'of France,' as the overweening old knave
designated them, was sent out to Algeria to join the
troops, assail the unhappy Arabs, carry terror and de-
vastation wheresoever they could, advance men to en-
counter with the natives, but themselves always remain
in safety to reap all the advantages of the enterprise in
the rear. A venal Government press at home, and
Louis Philippe's unblushing laudations, seconded their
efforts ; and country and Chamber rang with praises of
these ' infants of Orleans,' and their bravery, though to
all who witnessed events in the colony it was notorious
that the Princes were never present in action, and that
on every occasion they rather avoided than courted
danger.
" This course. which doubtless was dictated from
head-quarters—for the Princes have never been desti-
tute of personal courage—excited considerable ridicule
and disapprobation in the ranks of the army; and Ca-
vaignac having expressed some discontent, was deprived
of his colonelcy until the autumn of the following year,
when his services were so conspicuous at the head of a
brigade of Souaves, that it became impossible to over-
look them. Till 1845, however, he was permitted to re-
main in this rank ; though Lamoriciere, Changarnier,
and many others of less merit, but more subserviency,
were in the meantime placed over his head. To the ad,
vancement of the first-named of these Generals, Cavaig-
nac is understood to have submitted without repining, as
he really possessed claims to distinction, though he owed
it more to court favour; but the second having been no-
toriously promoted by this alone, a feeling of jealousy or
distrust arose, which is said still to exist in their respec-
tive positions of Chief of the Executive Power and Com
mender of the National Guards of Paris. Changarnier,
indeed, is one of the agents relied on by the Orleaeists
and Reactionists now, and were he in any degree pos-
sessed of the eloquence or elocutionary power requiaite
to address a popular assembly, there can be no doubt he
would prove a formidable rival still. As it is, by the
partisans of the late monarchy Lamoriciere is the party
now put forward with the view of undermining and sup-
planting Cavaignac, whose less showy abilities are un-
derstood to have excited the Thiers faction's env and
distrust.
" Feelings of this nature are supposed to have been
engendered as early as 1844, when Cavaignac was pre,
rut at the capture of Orleansviile, but raised some ob-
jection to its receiving this designavion, inasmuch as the
princes of the house of Orleans had displayed no claims
to the honour. In the question of nomenclature, how-
ever, the voice of Bugeaud, Lamoriciere, and Changer-
mer prevailed; and it was not till the September of tile
following year, :consequently, that Cavaignac at last
attained the rank of General of Brigade. Even then it
was grudgingly bestowed, and he was dispatched with I.
force of only twelve hundred men by Bugeaud to assail
Traras, in the full expectation that it would prove ina-
dequate, and that he would reap nothing but disgrace
from the enterprise. Cavaignac, however, unexpectedly
prevailed. Assailed by thrice the number of Arabs on
the way, he twice overthrew them; compelled Abd-cl-
Kotler to raise the siege of Nedroma; and finally, after
accomplishing his object, effected a victorious junction
with Lamoriciere at Tlemceen, to which that general
had been sent with a larger force, for the purpose of
averting the consequences likely to flow from Cavaignac's
anticipated overthrow.
`'A terrible insurrection next broke out, which called
into activity all Cavaignac's energies. Entrusted with
the duty of suppressing it, over a wild and extensive dis-
trict, he by mingled firmness and moderation subdued it,
and carried the flames of war from the Algerine into the
Morocco territory, by whose ruler these internal disturb-
ances in Algiers were supposed to be instigated. At
the head of five or six thousand men he put the Dheira
to flight, and paved the way for those triumphs which
Bugeaud and the princes of France nominally obtained
over the Emperor Abderrhaman, in 1846 and following
year."

lie was subsequently engaged under Bugeaud in the
campaign against the Emperor of Morocco, which
was treminated by the battle of Joly.
" To the submission of Abd- el-Fader, which shortly
afterwards followed, Cavaignac contributed; and he is
understood to have vehemently joined Lamoriciere
in
protesting against that breach of faith of which the Emir
was the victim. The attitude of Bugeaud, however, was
now viewed with such distrust, if not alarm, by the cabi-
net of the Tuileries, that their opposition was over-
looked; and with the design of counteracting the sup-
posed ambitious intentions of the marshal, who was sus-
pected to aim at the establishment of an independent
authority in the country, Lamoriciere was entrusted
with the government of Algiers, while Cavaignac re-
placed him in that of Oran; and in this position both re-
mained till the former was recalled by the provisional
government of February, and the other appointed to the
entire command of the province,"
Our extracts from this interesting biography have
extended to such a length, that we have not space to
allude to any of the other papers of The Mirror,
which, however, are of merit sufficient to fully main-
tain the high character of this periodical.

MODEL MEN MODELLED. By Horace Mayhew.
The greater number of these "Model Men" have
been already exhibited by Punch; here we have them
collected, as it were, into a museum of models, and a
very entertaining and instructive museum it is. At the
conclusion of the volume we have a small group of
modeels exhibited for the first time. As a sample we
giv
The model Pet Parson has the most beautiful black
hair, and the prettiest loves of whiskers. He attends tea
and whist parties, and preaches in canary-coloured kid
gloves, with the most dazzling diamond outside his little
finger. He has the smallest fashionable lisp in the
world. He is highly eau-de-Cologned. His handker
chief is of the purest cambric—a perfect cobweb, edged
with lace. He is never without a • nervous headache.'
He is very delicate, poor fellow ! He lives on
cold chicken and white wine whey. He rides to
church in a lady's carriage. He is supported by the
voluntary contributions of the young ladies of the neigh-
bourhood, and has embroidered braces sufficient to stock
the whole of the Highlands. Hassocks, too, book-marks
and covers, orange marmalade, calf's-foot jelly, grapes,
game, tea-cakes, and sweet-breads, of all varieties, are
left for his kind acceptance' every day. He collects
pennies for converted washerwomen. He and the Duke
of Wellington have married more lovely brides' than
the whole Church. His dress is profound black, relieved
with liberal wristbands, and a shirt-front that sticks out
like the paper ornament of a fire-grate. When ho gets
preferment to a more fashionable church, a magnificent
silver teapot is presented to him by the ladies with a
beautiful purse full of new sovereigns. With the purity
of his white neckloth, the Pet Parson is sure of a rich
wife, and innumerable legacies."

HISTORY OF PHYSICAL ASTRONOMY. By
Robert Grant. .Nos. 1 and 2.
These tracts are Nos. 7 and 8 of a new series of the.
" Library of Useful Knowledge." To follow in the
wake of that publication requires scientific attain-
ments of no mean order, and the publishers have
therefore done well to entrust the subject of physical
astronomy to Mr. Robert Grant, a gentleman who,
by his talents and his learning, is well entitled to rank
as a collaborateur with the giants in science who con-
tributed to the first series of this library.

SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY, OCT. 9.—The Spanish
barque Neufa de Santander, Captain Lopez, 1,751 boxes
sugar, 45 days from Havannah, bound to Bristol; the
Dutch barque Africa, Captain Onman, with rice, 140
days from Akyab; and the Swedish brig King Oscar,
451 casks sugar, 54 days from Bahia, arrived off Cowes
yesterday for orders,

i SINGULAR CASE OF CONCEAL..
MINT OF SEX.
(From the Macclesfield Courier of Saturday.)
The particulars of a very singular case of conceal.
ment of sex, in this town, have come to light during
the past week. The facts, as far as we have been able
to gather them, are the following :—On Saturday, the
16th September, Mr. Bland, one of the medical
officers of the Macclesfied Union, received a certificate
from the relieving officer, requiring his attendance
upon a person described as John Smith, aged forty-
eight, by trade a cooper and tinker, belongin
Macclesfied, and residing in Derb y- to
Mrs. M'Cann. Mr. Blandstreet, as a lodger,
h tohues ei n
do ft v
iodnu
eal in the course of the day, and
attended
found the complaint under which he was labouring to
be that of dysentery. On looking at the person and
hearing his voice, he was struck with their peculiarity -
the face, lips, general expression, and the voice being
those of a woman. Mr. Bland asked the landla(V of
the house whether it was a man or woman. Mrs.
M'Cann replied by saying, " I don't know, doctor;
all I can tell you is, that he and his wife have lodged
here nine weeks, and he has always dressed as a man,
and followed his occupation as knife-grinder and spoon..
maker." Mr. Bland, en hearing that there was a wife,
requested to see her. In answer to his inquiries,
she stated that she had lived with him fourteen
years ; that she met him first at New Mills, in Derby-
shire; that they were not married, although living
together; that she had eleven children ' - that he fol-
lowed the trade of knife-grinder and tinker, and
sometimes got as much as 10s. a day.
The statement,s
thus made by the woman satisfied him for the ti-ale
that he was in error in supposing the individual (Jell-
ing himself her husband to be a woman ; but s abse-
cluent visits served to re-awaken his suspicioras. In
the meantime the symptoms of the disease became
more aggravated, and the individual died on Saturday
morning.
On hearing of the death, Mr. Bland immediately
proceeded to the house and ascertained that the person
was beyond all doubt a female. He again questioned
the woman calling herself the wife, when she denied
having any knowledge of the sex of the deceased till
the day before the death, when deceased requested
that she would allow no one to assist her in laying
out the body, but sew it up in a sheet, which she did;
and it was in that state when Mr. Bland visited the
house almost immediately after the death. On being
further questioned, the woman stated that the eleven
children of which she had spoken were by another
husband, who was dead; and the reason she gave for
living with the deceased was that she was promised
her maintenance, which promise seems to have been
faithfully kept by the deceased. Mr. Bland commu-
nicated the facts of the case to the police, in order that, an inquest might be held; but as the case was that cif
a concealment of sex, and not one of doubt as to the
cause of death, such a proceeding was not deemed
necessary.
The body was interred on Sunday last, at Christ
Church, as John Smith, and from the numbers at-
tending to witness the funeral, the case seemed to have
excited considerable interest. The surviving woman
has since, we understand, divulged to the registrar of
the district the real name of the deceased, which was
' Sophia Locke.
Although the deceased was described in the certi-
ficate from the relieving officer as 48, Mr. Bland is
convinced from her appearance that she could not
have been less than 60 years old. He has been con,
firmed in this by an old man who was in the town fin
Wednesday, who is a native of Bidduiph-moor, rand
who stated to him that he had known the deceased
for about forty years, during which time she had
always dressed as a man. There are several people,
natives of Bidduiph-moor, who live on the common,
and it is singular that all of them have known her for
years, and been acquainted with different parts of her
history. From the various statements which they
have made we have been able to get the following
particulars of her past life. Before giving them it
might be as well to observe that it is believed the
natives of Biddulph-moor are descendants of a gipsy
tribe, and if so, the fact may go to explain the intimacy
which seems to have existed between them and the
deceased.
The account given of her life is as follows :—She
was the daughter of a man named Locke, who was a
scissors-grinder and tinker. He had several children
besides the deceased, who appears to have been the
only daughter. He led the life of a gipsy, travelling
from place to place with his family, and carrying
with him his tent. The deceased was born in a cave
near Croker I,Yood, in Sutton, and a highly respect-
able lady of that neighbourhood is said to have been
present at the birth. At three years old she assumed
male attire, and used to accompany a brother to va-
rious towns, visiting the public-houses, and dancing
to a violin which he played. In this manner she
grew up to womanhoo3, and then commenced the
trade of her father. The family, it appears, used to
winter always on Biddulph-moor, and it was only
known as hearsay among the natives of that place that
she was a woman. The fact, however, subsequently
became well known among them from the following
circumstance taking place :—A quarrel took place
between her and a man, and a pitched battle between
them was the result, which took place on Bolton-
green, and in which the female came off the victor.
in the contest her bosom accidentally became ex-
posed, and then it was that her sex became known
as a fact. The old man above alluded to saw the
battle, and be says he was to have foi.glit her brother
at the same time. Several living on the corn-
mon recollect its taking place, and their statements all
agree in fixing the time about forty years ago. The
fact, although known to the Bidduiph people, appears
to have been kept by them a profound secret ; and if
in her wanderings she chanced ever to meet any of
them, she would take them on one side and say,
"Keep my secret." On one occasion it appears to
have been divulged by a Bidduiph man with whom
she had quarrelled at Glossop. He communicated the
fact to the people of the house where she was in the
habit of calling at, and the next time she visited it
she was subjected to insult. She, consequently,
never went there again. It appears that, when win-
tering on Bidduiph-moor, some sheep were missed,
and the family in question were suspected of stealing
them. From that time the family never visited Bid-
dulph, but divided themselves, each going into dif-
ferent parts of the country. Occasionally, however,
the subject of this narrative used to meet Bidduiph
people, and always the same injunction as to keeping
her secret was repeated.
About twenty-five years ago a singular circum-
stance connected with her history occurred. Sbe was
in the habit of visiting Winster, in Derbyshire,
practising her vocation as scissor-grinder, &c.: and
while there she became acquainted with a married
gentlemen, who, unaware of her sex, offered her 51. to
marry a servant girl who was enciente by him. The
offer was accepted, and the marriage took place in
Winster Church. The female soon after gave birth
to a child, and from the accounts given of the manner
in which it was brought up and treated by the
deceased, whom it was taught to call "father," there
little doubt they received considerable support and
assistance from its parent. They lived together for
about seven years, when, from some cause which does
not appear, they separated. She afterwards lived with
several women ; one man says he has known her to
have six or seven. Some would live with her a
month others two months, and some perhaps a year.
About fourteen years ago she became acquainted with
the woman with whom she was living when she died,
and they lived together uninterruptedly during that
length of time. They had travelled all over England.
Last year they were in Worcestershire picking hops.
They lived very happily together, and the deceased,
who could earn half-a-guinea a day sometimes, used
the woman very well.
One peculiarity of her character is well-remem-.
bered. She was very fond of picking quarrels in
public-houses. On such occasions she would chal-
lenge the men out to fight, threaten to clear the
room, &c. One man says, " And she could fight very
well, too." If in these freaks, however, she chanced
to see a Biddulph man, she would not say another
word, and would sneak out of the room as soon as
possible. On one occasion she was making a noise
at a public-house in Bosley, when a hawker of pots,
from Bidduiph, came into the room. At that time
she was defying the whole room, daring them out
to fight, and threatening to give them all a good
thrashing. Immediately on seeing the hawker she
dropped her fighting attitude, exchanged compliments
with him, and, as soon as she could, left the room
unobservedly.
The deceased was of slender make, and had some
years ago a profusion of black glossy hair, which was
carefully curled and dressed, so as in some measure
to take off its feminine appearance. This, with a
total absence of beard, and a very swarthy com-
plexion, produced a tout ensemble which would arrest
the attention of any admirer of the gipsy picturesque.
It appears that one of the clergy of the town being
called upon to visit her last week, recognised in her
person and the soi-disant wife a pair whose appearance
had, nearly seven years ago, excited his curiosity and
that of another clergyman, who then officiated at the
old church. It appears, however, that they then soon
left the town ; and the circumstance was forgotten
till the recollection of it was revived in the way we
have described. The reason of her leading such a
strange mode of life can only be accounted for by her
partiality for the calling she practised; and she could
have had no object in living with women as she had
done unless it was to keep down suspicion. The
promises
she made of keeping them were, perhaps, an
inducement for them to live with her.

TREASONABLE DOCUMENTS FOUND AT LIVER-
POoL.—We learn that several of the Liverpool police•
force are at Clonmel, in waiting to give evidence on the
state trials there. They have to produce, we% believe,
several letters from the rebel chiefs, and other docu-
ments of a treasonable character, seized on a search in
the Confederate club-rooms here. It was Javatt, police-
constable 112, who followed Anfanus frogi Liverpool to