The Sun.
London, England, 1848-06-14 00:00:00

N0.17,384.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING

LAST WEEK.
THE 80,0001. GUENEA CLUB Subscription.
(Members' Sharei One Guinea each.)
The FINAL DISTRIBUTION will take place on JUNE the 19th,
at Exeter Hall.

The beautiful Boyer Bible (the highest allotment of 3,100 Guineas)
will remain on view in its splendid Sculptured Cabinet until SATUR-
DAY, the 17th instant, at MRS. PARKES', 22, G,dden-smare, where
Shares may be had, as well as at 11r. Surtnan's' 9, Exeter Hall, and
of all agents until the Saturday evening.
MIRABEIU AND THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.
Now ready, in 2 vols. post Bvo., with Portraits, price 215.,
MIRAB E A U:
A LIFE HISTORY.
In Four Books.
- - - -

*' This' work has been lone in preparation, and is the only suc-
cinct, complete, and authentic Life of Mirabeau yet published. It
contains an examination into his supposed connexion with the father
of the present ex-King of the French, as well as a detailed and vera-
cious statement of Mirabeau's plans for saving the Monarchy. The
Second Volume will contprise a full account of the most important
Debates in the National Assembly, from its convocation till the
death of Mirabeau.
Published by -nith, Elder, an 4 Co., 65, Cornkill, Timdon.

STRICTURES OF THE URETHRA: Prevalent and Da,gerous
Errors in their Treatment.
Just published, price 55.. (by post free, Gs.,) Bvo., in cloth,
THE PAT!-101.0GY AND RATIONAL
TREATIEENT of STRICTURES of the URETHRA, in all
their Varieties and 04mplications. With Practical Observations on
the Use and AbUse of Instruments in the Treatment of Urethral Dis-
eases, showing that the unnecessary employment of instruirE.nts is
a frequent exciting cause of stricture, and that a want of practical
knowledge and manual dexterity in their use, when necessary, is the
source of most of the severe, long-protracted, and complicated cases
of that disorder so fatally prevalent. The whole illustrated by nu-
merous cases. _

By F. B. COURTENAT,
Published by H. RaiMere, 219, Regent-street ; Maclachlan, Stew.
art, and Co., Edinburgh ; Hodges and Smith, and Fannier and Co.,
Dublin ; Simms and Denham, Manchester ; Deighton and Laughton,
Liverpool; ;nd all Booksellers.

Tr NITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE
I) COMPANY.-8, Watorloo-place, Pall-mall, London ; 97,
George-street, Edinburgh; 12, St. Vincent-place, Glasgow.

A K It I Ar G E.
in One half the wend are desolately single, and the other
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
;Met the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
It caution and worldly prudence, and the Indissoluble, regret tin-
;omprosing hurry ; but the troth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
and social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set-
;lement. Honour and justice demand that health should form an item
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes er
iseglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
rI EMOIRS On Single and Married Life, " pub. in 2 vols., Is.
mach (by post, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, fir prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
oy misinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
ern. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but
for the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
:he above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
'ogether, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
ittle publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
uy post is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
Amphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
'lie, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
4ervance of the maxims lie would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
in the "sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
iherwood. 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet .street ; Mann,
;9, Cornhill ; Nalson, 457, West Strand; or direct (by post or other-
wise) from the author (who may be conferred with personally,
nornings and evenings), 10, Argyll-plaee Regent-street: and all
flooksellers.

LONDON LIFE ASSOCIATION.
Instituted 1806.
Office, 81, KING WILLIAM.STREET.
PREsIDENT—Sir CLAUDIUS
lIEN HUN'PER, Dart.
Vlcc-PRESIDENT- CHARLES FR INKS, Esq.
The Members of this Association who have been assured seven or
more entire years are informed that their premiums falling, due on
the Ist July next will be reduced this year 661. per cent., leaving only
341. per cent. to be paid.
Parties desirous of joining this Association will be entitled to a re-
duction of premium one year earlier by effecting their Assurances on
or before the Ist July, and for their convenience a Board of Directors
will be held at Twelve o'clock every Wednesday and Friday during
the month of June.

EDWARD DOCKER, Secretary.

ON NERVOUS DERILITY AND GENERATIVE DISEASEI.
Just published, the Thirty-sixth Thousand, as improved edition, re-
vised and corrected, 120 pages, price 2s. In a sealed envelope, or
forwar led by the Authors, post paid, to any address, secur, from
observation, for 2s. 6d., in postage stamps, Illustrate) with nu-
merous Anatomical Coloured Engravings.
31ANHOOD: the CAUSES of its YREAIA-
TURF: DECLLNE, with Plain Directions for Its PERFECT
RESTORATION.

A Medical Essay on those Diseases of the Generative Organs,
emanating from Solitary and Sedentary Habits, indiscriminate Ex-
cesses, the Effects of Climate and Infection, &c., addressed to the
sufferer in Youth, Manhood, and Old Age; with Practical Remarks
on Marriage, the Treatment and Cure of Nervous and Mental De-
bility, Impotency, Syphilis, and other Urine-Genital Diseases, by
which even the most shattered constitution may be restored, and
reach the full period of lite allotted to Man. The whole illustrated
with numerous Anatomical Engravings on Steel, in colour, explain-
ing the various functions, secretions; and structures of tho repro-
ductive Organs in heaith and disease; with instructions for private
correspondence, cases, &c.

By J. L. CURTIS and CO., Consulting Surgeons,
7, Frith-street, Soho-square, London.
" ' Manhood.' A Medical Work.—To the gay and thought less we
trust this little work will serve as a beacon to warn them of the
danger attendant upon the too rash indulgence of their passions,
whilst to some it may serve as a monitor in the hour of lempta-
Mon, and to the afflicted as a sure guide to health."—Chronicle
" ' Manhood.' By J. L. Curtis, and Co.—Their long expo rlence
and reputation in the treatment of these pain) ul diseases is the
patient's guarantee, and well deserves for the work its immense cir-
culation."—Era.

.1" Curtis on Manhood' should be In the hands of youth and old
age. It is a medical publication, ably written, and developes the
reatment of a class of painful maladies which has too long been
the prey of the illiterate and the designing."— United Service
Gazette.

The Parent, who beholds his beloved child pining away, and fast
approaching to a premature grave, in consequence of some disease,
which, for want of careful investigation of its real cause, has been
set down to the score of consumption, will, on perusing this work,
be astonished to find, that in nine-tenths of the cases of young per-
sons of both sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary con-
sumption, heart disease, tabes, &c., the sole and exclusive origin has
been the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by youth
much more frequently than it is at all suspected.
N.B. Hours of consultation from Eleven till Two, ased Six to
Bight in the Evening'

THE CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD

RAILWAY.

As our readers are aware, that portion of this line
from Chester to Conway, a distance of 451 miles,
was opened on the Ist instant for passenger traffic,
and since that time four trains have traversed the line
each way daily and two trains each way on Sundays,
passing through the tubular bridge at Conway, to
and from the station under the ancient walls of the
old town. The following is a brief notice of this
very interesting and picturesque line, so far as it is
open, by one who traversed it, with a pleasure and
gratification rarely attainable in railway travelling:—
Leaving the joint station at Chester about two in
the afternoon, we passed through a tunnel, and by a
stone quarry, emerging where a view is had of the
river and the old city walls. The line next skirts
Chester's pretty race course, named " The Roodee,"
and crosses the Dee, by a bridge on the site of the
fatal girder bridge, where several lives were lost last
yeae. Here there is a fine ►iew of Chester in the
background, and of the river, which has here a long
reach, here and there showing a white or a dark
sail amidst the trees, and the line pursues its way
amidst fertile fields and meadows, after crossing the
turnpike road on the level, continues in embankment

to queensferry (7 miles from Chester), with its small
slated church, and its masts among the trees. The

traveller has the broad clear stream of the Dee at his
right, occasionally disappearing for a while, as the
railway dips into cutting or diverges from the river,
hut it gradually approaches the Dee as it draws near
Flint, and the noble stream, with its opposite bank,
is always a pleasing part of the panoramic view from
the carriage window. Flint (12k miles from Ches-
ter) has little to attract the eye, save its neat station ;
shortly after leaving which a fine view is gained of
the mouth of the Dee, with the Biddeston Hill and
Hilbre bland, with its telegraph, and the open sea
beyond. Soon the neat station at Holy well (l6i
miles from Chester) was reached, and the planta-
tions near it. Still having a bird's-eye view of
the estuary of the Dee, Mostyn is next approached,
which station (20 miles from Chester) is one
of the neatest on the line, and there is a good
Elizabethan hotel in progress 'of erection. The
names of all the stations on the line are engraved in
gigantic letters on large slabs of slate, let into the
parapet walls of the stations; and this has a very
good effect, besides which, " he who runs (or rather
steams along) may read." On leaving Mostyn the
view is very refreshing; to the left, an eminence,
crowded with overhanging woods ; to the right, the
broad stream of " the ancient, hallowed Dee ;" and
straight before the traveller, the wide expanse of the
open sea. On its land side the line is flanked for
some distance by a ditch or fosse. Passing some
limekilns by the shore, the traveller gradually gains
a more extensive view of the luxuriant vale of Clwyd,
especially after leaving the Prestatyn station (26k
miles from Chester), the hills to the left terminating
in a bold spur of bare rock, beneath whose cliff
fumes the tall chimney of some iron works. Soar
the traveller finds himself with a fine amphitheatre
spread before him, combining the most pic-
turesque features of the far-famed Vale of Clwyd.
To the left lies Rhuddlan, with its ruined castle
and the remains of a house in which Edward I. held
a Parliament in 1283, and passed the statute of
Rhuddlan. Beyond it rises the pretty tower of the
little cathedral of St. Asaph. Before the spectator
are seen the bathing places of Rhyl and Abergele,
and the romantic modern pile of Gwrych Castle, the
residence of Mr. Bamford Lloyd Hesketh. Seaward,
the view is bounded only by the horizon, and the
Little Orme's Head is distinctly visible. Rhyl
(thirty miles from Chester) lies about a field's
breadth nearer the shore than the railway. There is
a good substantial station erected here, and a carriage
way from it to the shore. Crossing the river Clwyd,
or, as it is thr•re called, the Vorydd (ford ? or ferry),
by a neat drawbridge, and the road from Rhyl to
Abergele, the line approaches the shore, and skirts it
along the whole of the line of the bay on which
Abergele stands. That village, seen distinctly from
the railway, with its humble whitewashed church, is
about half a mile from the Ahergele station (thirty-
four miles and a quarter from Chester), which
is placed near the road from Abergele down to
the beach, which the line crosses on the level—
safety gates being placed at the crossing, so as
to
prevent any crossing of the line while a train is
passing. The line next runs under the grounds
of Gwrych Castle, and the castle is a fine object at
various points, with its numerous outlying towers and
turrets, and battlemented curtains, crowned by the
overhanging woods, end below it the luxuriant gar-
dens. It comes upon the eye like a renovated castle
of the olden time, belted round with trees, upon the
brow of a lofty ridge of rocky hills. Plunging for
a while into cutting, the train emerges to treat the
traveller with another pleasant glimpse of the placid
sea, its surface dotted here and there by a distant
sail, or a smoke-vessel ploughing its rapid way, and
leaving its black wake in the atmosphere, as well as
its white one on the sea. Near the termination of
the grounds of G wyrch, the traveller sees the bold
cliff above the battle•famed pass of Cefn-yr-Ogo,
with its lofty cave in the face of the limestone rock,
from the mouth of which extensive sea views are
commanded. Again for a while through deep
cutting, and then through a tunnel, the traveller
emerges into a second and smaller amphitheatre,
that of the pretty little bay of Colwyn; the vale
dotted with houses, and well-wooded, and here and
there a silvery line marking the flow of some moun-
tain stream. To the right are the shore of the little
bay and the sea; and shortly afterwards the line di-
verges from the sea, passing under the grounds of a
pretty Elizabethan mansion, and it soon afterwards
approaches the greatest work (hitherto) on the line,
the celebrated Conway tubular bridge. But having
already exceeded our limits, we must leave all notice
of that great undertaking to a future occasion, and
only add here, that we know no place within the iron
girdle of our railways which is more worthy of a visit
for the beauty of the surrounding scenery, and for the
deep interest it awakens in the far-gone past, by the
venerable and crumbling walls which encircle it, and
especially by the frowning towers and battlements
of that once magnificent castle, still stately in its
ruins, which Edward I. reared to repel the insurrec-
tionary struggles of the Llewelyn of that period.
Within an hour and a half of Chester, only half an
hour of Rhyl, and a quarter of an hour of Bangor,
Conway is accessible at small sacrifice of time to any
of those who seek a little recreation, whether residents
of Liverpool, Manchester, Chester, or their neigh-
bourhood; and to visitors to the Welsh coast it forms
an agreeable day's excursion, which few, we think,
will omit.—Manchester Guardian.

STORNAWAT, JUNE s.—Last week a monster of
the deep about nine feet in length, was taken into the
harbour. The ichthyologists or Stornoway have, conse-
quently, been revising their natural history in order to
discover to what genus it belongs, but their opinions are
varied. From its appearance we are led to suppose that
it belongs to that order termed by naturalists " selachi,"
of which the shark and ray-fish are a species. The pro-
jection of the upper jaw beyond the lower, the shape of
the mouth, the position of the teeth, its pectoral fins
and gills, evidently indicate it to be of the shark tribe.—
, Ross•ahire Advertisor.

WORKING OF THE COUNTY,
COURTS' BILL.
Mn. EDlTon,—Avery important and interesting papet
has recently been published, pursuant to an order of di,
' House of Commons, viz., a return from every Count)
Court established throughout England and Wales o
the total number of plaints entered in each Court from
the time when the Act came into operation up to
o number
has s
aof Plat withinintSi and inclusive of the 30th day of November, 1847, modi
fyingthe
and not exceeding 101., and the total number of day:
each cu
orthseurnas above)b, 101., above W.,
above period,
period, and the
average number of hours comprised in each sitting ; th
total number of causes tried by each Court during thr
above period ; the gross total amount of monies
received in each . court from the time when the
Act came into operation up to the said 30th day
of November, distinguishing the amount received
for fees for each officer, and on account of
the general fund from the amount received to the credit
of suitors ; the total number of causes tried in each
Court with the assistance of a Jury specifying the num-
ber of such causes in which a verdict has been given in
favour of the party requiring a jury to be summoned.
The object in calling for the above very comprehensive
return was to ascertain in the fullest possible
manner the r.ature and extent of the busi-
ness transacted in the various County Courts.
Every one who peruses this return will be
astonished at the number of plaints that have been en-
tered within a period of little more than twelve months.
It affords a proof of a very general disposition on the part
of tradesmen and others to give the new system a fair
trial, and while it is satisfactory—to observe the vast a motti t
recovered in so short a period through the medium of these.
C urts, it is much to be regretted that the amount of fees
paid to the different officials in the several cases should so
greatly exceed the amount which the public were led to ex-
pect would constitute the utmost amount of costs incurred
by parties suing in these Courts. The Act had been in
operation but a very short time before there were very
general complaints of the conduct of the officials in ex-
acting double, and, in some instances, treble the amount
of fees to which they were justly entitled. This
was done, not by charging higher fees than those
set forth in the schedule to the Act, but by
charging the same fee two or three times over,
where the Legislature evidently intended they should
only be charged once. With the exception of the amount
of fees payable therein, the working of the new County
Courts appear to have given pretty general satisfaction.
Of course, among a body of several thousand suitors,
some individual cases of apparent injustice would occur,
against which it was impossible for any Act of Parlia•
moot, or the rules of any Court, to provide; but, as a whole,
the system has worked satisfactorily, with the exception I
have already stated. I now proceed to give some of the
details which are contained in the document above re-
ferred to. I will first take the return from the Court

established for the district of Clerkenwcll, in which there

are, perhaps, a greater number of retail shopkeepers than
in any other part of the neighbourhood of the metropolis
of a similar extent. The return from such a district
will afford, perhaps, the best means of judging how
far that class of tradesmen have availed themselves
of a comparatively cheap and expeditious mode of
recovering debts that were due to them, and which was
established fur their particular benefit. It appears that
the total number of plaints entered in that court, within
the period above stated, was 11,949, and by which, in no
less than 5,025 cases, the amount sought to be recovered

was under 11., being nearly one-half of the total number.
The cases in which the amount did not exceed 2/. were
2,634, and those which did not exceed 51. were about
the same in number, while those above 101. amounted to
784. (It will be recollected that 20/. is the highest sum
for which proceedings can be taken in these Courts.)
Of the above cases, 7,463 were tried ; the remainder
were settled in some way before the proceed-
ings had arrived at that stage ; but the part of the
return, in which the public will take the great-
est interest, is what were the expenses incurred by
these proceedings, and how much of the total amount
claimed was ultimately recovered fey the several suitors?
It appears that the total number of cases tried iu
which either party required the intervention of a jury
was only 15, and out of that number, in nine instances,
the party requiring the jury obtained a verdict in his
favour. I may here state, tbat by the 70:h section of
the Act, it is provided, that in all actions where the
amount claimed shall exceed 51. it shall be lawful for the
plaintiff or defendant to require a jury to be summoned to
trythe said action; but, where the claim is under 51. it is dis-
cretionary on the part of the judge whether he will grata
an application for a trial by jury; and it is a curious cir-
cumstance that out of 1,776 cases, in which the parties had
a right to have them tried by a jury if they wished it,
only fifteen persons attached so much importance to that
ancient mode of settling the matter, as to incur
the additional expense of some fifteen shillings or six-
teen shillings, which a trial by jury would entail upon
them. Having stated the number of plaints entered, and the
number above a certain sum, I now come to the result,
and I find that the total amount paid into the suitors'
fund (that is recovered by the abovi-mentioned 13,394
suitors) was 9,0611. 7s. 63.; and that the fees payable in
the various step s of the proceedings adopted for the re-
covery of that auseunt were, to the Judges, 1,8051. 7s. 43.;
to the Clerks, 1,5451. I Is. 103. The clerk's lees amounting
to nearly as much as those payable to the Judges; and the
bailiff's fees to 815/. 7s. 7d.; in addition to which there
was 1,241/. 13s. received as fees, but paid afterwards into
the general fund. By way of explanation of this latter
item, it should be stated that the 37th clause of the Act
directs that the fees named in the schedule shall be pay-
able to the judges, clerks, bailiffs, &c., but it contains
also a proviso that it shall be lawful for the Secretary of
State to lessen the amount of the fees to be taken as to
him shall seem fit; and again to increase such fees so that
the scale of fees given in the schedule he not in any case
surpassed, and in every Court in which the fees allowed
to be taken by the Judges,
&e., shall appear to be more
than sufficient, it shall be lawful for the Secretary of
State to order that a certain part only of the fees shall
be paid, the amount of the residue to be paid to the
treasurer, and form part of the general fund of the
Court. It appears, therefore, that the cost of recovering
9,061/. 7s. 6d. amounted in fees alone, to no less than
4,4071. 19s. 9d., or nearly 10s. in the peund; and this
is exclusive of the attorney's bills, or the fees paid to
barristers if any of those gentry were employed. Now,
I most readily admit that the trial of 7,463 causes, in any of
the Courts at Westminster hall, would havecoet consider-
ably more than 4,4071. 19s. 93.; and that, thanks to the
manner in which Juries too often suffer themselves to be
humbugged by the gentlemen of the Long Robe, nothing
like so large a proportion of the amounts claimed as
9,0611. 7s. 6d. would ever have been recovered by actions
brought in the superior Courts ; still, as so much has
been' said about the cheapness of the New Courts, it
does seem a little surprisin that the expenses
of suing in them should amount
to 10s. in the
pound on the sums
actually recovered. With f
regard to the Clerks'
-ees, nearly equalling those
payable to the Judges, the fact admits of a
very easy explanation. The Judges do not collect their
own fees; the Clerks do; and as I have already said,
occasionally charge double or treble what they are ac-
tually entitled to. The total amount received in this
court within the period already stated amounted to
13,4691. 7s. 3d., of which upwards of 4,400/.'was spent
in law. I now give another extract from the Return-
vis., that relative to the County Court of the City of
Westminster, in which the greatest number of plaints
were entered, amounting to no less than 13,394, of
which 4,735 were to recover sums amounting to less
than 11. not so great a proportion to the whole as that of
Clerkenwell; but then it should be recollected that the
shopkeepers of Westminster are of a very different class
to those of the latter place; and thus I find that the
plaints to recover more than 10/. are no less than 1,268
while those in Clerkenwell were only 784. The number
p
of cases tried was 8,416. The number in which either
required a jury was 24, and out of that number
ten who so required a jury obtained a verdict in their
favour. The total amount paid into the Suitors' fund
was 12,494/. 9s. 10d., and the fees paid for the recovery
thereof amounted to 6 inn theth e
case of Clerkenwell, about 10s. in
r.
I not trouble
latter case rather above that *moan.
ls having given the
,9891. 15e Wale() ielug,anads
your readers with any further d.ectare
which will be outfit
of business has been transacted,
opinion as to the work-
cient to enable them to form
therefore, only trouble
returns of the two courts in w_hislandh greatest amount
ing of the new measure.
have been established
entered in the sixty courts
weether with the other arti-
under the Act, and which, toe,
ears to be' as followps:-
culars therein enumerated,
.
them with the return of the twhoitcahl number of plaints, &e ,
429,215, of
upwards of 101.; 41,617 to
which 31,443 were to recover _
595,
to recover between
recover between 51. and 101.; 99,
recover between 11. and 21.; and
and the total number Of
aid the
r a sum not exceeding l
ot
was number brought to recove
2thLeantoitasll.;nu9s:sbelrB otof plaintsappentered was
p into
causes tried was 267,445. T-e 0
to 345,1-2 i. 3s. 9d., upon the
I. total sum
suitors' fund, amounted
to the Judges amounted to
recovery of which, the fees
was no less than 161,042,
clerks, 73,777/. 11s 3d.
82,652/. 14s. sd. To the • To
the bailiffs, 46,889/. Os. 9e
d and to the general fund there
Id
was paid 52,1171. 10s. 1 e the gross amount of money
received being 600,559/.
Is• 3d., o which
f 3451 I 22. 3s. 9d.
17s. 4d.
Went to the suitors' fund, and 255,436 E
to the Judges and officers of the Court, being 89,686/. less
'
than the sum received by the
suitors. It is really too
bad, that the fees of a Court, professedly established for
the more easy recovery of small
debts and demands,
should amount to so enormous a sum, and be so greatl •
disproportioned to the amount, actually recovered. It
may be said that the suitors are satisfied, otherwise they
would not resort to those Courts; but that is not the case.
least, and prefer Of two evils they choose the lea
Courts, dear as they are, to those of Westminster Hall.
where the fees are much higher; and in addition, they
would have to employ barristers, &c.; while the delays
therein amount almost to an absolute denial of justice.
- Weekly Dispatch. CENSORIUS.

of John
it was conjectured
younger r
Saturday, i n
the
purposes,Bri-
tNalnijtncOihale:NlfosarlilNleidTewcfir7m:L.iAveHrpeYo'ooul
to proceed to Bermuda, on matters of a family nature,'
to his brother. Tht Great Western steam-ship plies re-
gularly between New York and Bermuda, the voyage
being about seventy hours.
The Earl of Burlington had an interview with Sir
George Grey yesterday at the Home , office.