The Sun.
London, England, 1846-06-05 00:00:00

JUNE 5, 1846.

Just published, hi 3 vols. post fivo., price 11. Ils. 6d.,
LLEWELYN'S HEIR; or NORTH WALES,
its Manners, Customs, and Superstitions during the last Cen-
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Now Ready, Bvo. with an Engraved Plate, 125.,
-SCROFULA; its Nature, its :Prevalence its
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A NATURAL HISTORY of the MAMMALIA. By G.. R.
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gravings; followed by observations on Marriage.
By It. and L. PERRY and Co., Consulting Surgeons, London.
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TI7OIIdRVII, and Wednesdays.

dote, to arise from the adoption of Valentia, which is by
far the most westerly harbour in Europe.
Mr. M'Gregor, in his very able work on North Ame-
rica, points out, and recommends the communication be-
tween Valentia and Halifax, as highly important to the
mother country and the colonies.
The evidence given on oath before the Commissioners
of Revenue Inquiry, in 1830, by several distinguished
officers and public functionaries, clearly shows the ad-
vantage of communication with America from Valentia.
(Vide Parliamentary papers, No. 86, on " Western Har-
bours of Ireland," printed in 1835.)
A very able American writer, on the "traverse At
lantique," explains the general impression in the United
States to be in favour of packet communication with Va-
lentia, not merely as the nearest European harbour to
America, but as the most suitable in all respects.
A deputation from capitalists of New York (Messrs.
Cruger and Goodhue), who examined the harbours of
Ireland, with a view to an American packet station,
specifically recommended Valentia as the best.
Mla
rn.dC, oabnddenA,
minehriicsa,LemqaurokteasblefropmampAhmleet.LEanngplubanld Irei
cations, a decided opinion as Prevailing in 'the United
States in favour of Valentia, and he powerfully recom-
mends the selection of such westerlyharbour, and the
formation of a railroad to that point ; expressing,at the
same time, his conviction, that such a project, if com-
pleted, would secure the preference of voyagers to all
parts of North America, not only from Britain, but
from every quarter of Europe ; and would offer incal-
culable advantages upon Ireland, by introducing capital,
and stimulating industry and enterprise.
Mr. Charles Wye Williams, in his very interesting
essay on the importance of internal navigation in Ire-
land, adopts the same view.
The printed letter of Admiral Sir Robert Otway
strongly recommends Valentia for an American packet
station.
Amoagat-enginevariatwamits of,years, Mr. Nimmo
zealously urged the recommendation of Valentia.
Mr. William Cubitt and Mr. C. Vignolles expressed
their conviction in the same way ; and Mr. Vignolles
dwelt much on the peculiar combination of advantages
possessed by Valentia, as a packet station and railway
terminus. These eminent engineers had been consulted
by the Dublin and Kingstown Railway Company, a
body wholly independent of any local interest in the
selection.

Men of science, as well as of the greatest practical
knowledge in other countries, have expressed similar
opinions.

M. Chevalier, in his work on French Statistics, points
out that Valentia, from its position, must become the
ultimate port of European departure for America ; and
he dwells upon the great results likely to arise there-
from, by facilitating and increasing the interchange of
business between the two continents. The Stutgard
" Quarterly Review " also expresses an opinion, pre-
vailing in Germany, that Valentia will become the chief
port of intercourse between Europe and America.
The Swedish minister to England, some years ago,
described this object as anxiously looked for in the
Northern States. The transit of the Atlantic from
Valentia had excited more interest in those countries
than in the United Kingdom.
If any modern authorities have been furnished to
your Lordship against the west of Ireland, I would beg
leave to appeal from the living to the dead. My late
friends Sir H. Blackwood and Sir P. Malcolm, together
with many other distinguished officers, zealously es-
poused a project for a communication from Valencia to
America ; and in order fully to bear out their judgment
on the subject, they called for the opinion of that man
whom they deemed, beyond comparison, the most ex-
perienced and judicious practical seaman in the navy,
viz., Commissioner Bowen, for twenty years at the head
of the transport service. He had been Captain of the
Fleet in Admiral Christian's expedition to the West
Indies. He described the delays as extending over five
months before they cleared the coast of Ireland, during
the last two of which, after all was ready, they were shut
up in Cork. Being asked what the difference would be
if they sailed from Valencia instead of from Cork, he
said, "We would have been there in three weeks, and
Guadaloupe would have been saved." On the question
whether, generally speaking, embarkation should take
place on the ocean instead of in the channel, he an-
swered "No man in his senses could doubt it."

With such a host of authoritative and impartial testi-
monies in favour of western embarkation for our colo-
nies, it is not easy to conceive how that policy can have
been placed in abeyance for above twenty years—why
the principle which controlled England, as to her western
ports, shall not be applied to Ireland ; why Ireland shall
not btain those advantages to which nature and her
geographical position entitle her, of having the most suit-
able port on her western shores made the ultimate point
of departure for our colonies. If her provinces are poor,
and her people unemployed, is it consistent with national
justice that she is to be deprived of the practical benefits
that would arise from making Ireland the transit be-
tween Europe and America? What imagination can
place limit to the advantages which would arise from
turning the • tide of human intercourse between Europe
and America through her impoverished districts ! Na-
ture has placed Ireland between England and America.
Is it that Ireland should be merely a breakwater in the
channel ? Is the impoverishment of Ireland, is its
non-improvement, is its virtual extinction as a portion
of the Uuited Kingdom, so decided a state policy, that
a vast sum of money is to be devoted to passing round
and by Ireland, rather than infringe, in the most minute
degree, on the monopoly of England ?
But over and above the selection of a packet station,
there are other matters of national interest which cannot
be disregarded in dealing with the ease. The larger and
more pressing subjects of a defensive naval station, and a
preferable point of embarkation for troops, whether for
general or colonial service (the latter of which more es-
pecially concerns the Horse Guards), will probably be
taken into consideration together with the choice of a
packet station.
As various considerations apply in common to those
several subjects, it will probably turn out to be the in-
terest of the Government and the country to combine
them.

On the principle of embarking on the ocean, compared
with channel harbours, and in direct contradistinction to
Cork, I refer to the evidence given by the Duke of
Wellington, by Lord Beresford, and by Lord Strafford,
before a committee of the House of Lords in 1836, which
was printed for the use of the committee.
It is probable that no one has had such experience of
the disadvantages of embarkation in the channel har-
bours (Cork included) as his Grace the Duke of Wel-
lington.
I believe the operations of the army on the Peninsula
were very often embarrassed by delays, which would
have been obviated by embarkation at an ocean harbour.
It can, however, be hardly necessary to refer to any
authority beyond common sense for the utter absurdity
of depending upon a station at Cork for the protection,
in any respect, for the western coast—the assailable
points of that coast are, at an average, 200 miles distant
from Cork, and all this a coasting navigation of the worst
possible description.
In conjecturing the grounds upon which your Lord-
ship has denounced the whole western coast of Ireland
for packet purposes, I am disposed to think that it may
be from some representation as to the force with which
the Atlantic bears upon that coast ; but I will submit
that, in every departure for America that force must be
encountered. The difference, in that respect, between
Cork and Valentia, would be, that from Cork a vessel
would have to work against the prevailing winds and
currents along a lee shore of the most dangerous cha-
racter for seventy miles, whereas from Yolanda, with
the same wind, you are in the free ocean in half an hour,
without any lee shores at all (the same prevailing wind
that shuts up Cork is a free wind out of Valentia) ; that
Cork is seventy miles further from Halifax than Valen-
tia is, making in the fortnight passage over 3,600 miles
in the year, of a desperate coast navigation, involving a
fearful amount of danger to life and property.:
In this comparison the use of the steam-tug, in either
case, suggests itself. The only objections ever made to
Valentia relates to sailing vessels, with a north-west
wind. In that worst case, a steam-tug from Valentia
would, in three miles, place a vessel so as to enable it to
make its northern on southern tack in the free ocean.
To effect the same purpose from Cork would occupy a
steam-tug for sixty miles. It is probable that in a future,
as in the past war, the cruising-ground of our channel
fleet would be from trshant to Cape Clear, in which case
Berehaven would afford a good safety harbour, or Cork
might be suitable, if preferred as a " head-quarters."
It is undoubtedly more comfortable. I recollect the
case of an admiral realising 100,0001. prize-money sit-
ting in his arm-chair at Cove.
But surely it does not follow that the selection of a
North American Packet Station should be confounded
with the " head-quarters" of our grand fleet to watch the
Channel. The latter should be as contiguous to the ene-
my's harbours as possible, and the other as remote as the
-nature of the case will allow. Rut there are some 'Apt-
mount national interests to be consulted. The securing
mbarkation of
the utmost safety and efficiency in the
duty upon
ral purposes of war, imposes a veryf solemn our troops, whether for colonial reliefs,
.oeemr fn or the gene-
the Government.would suggest
by the most illustrious of military trhel2aa to the principle
.The occupation o
esn, the Horse Guards
the wisdom of consultiV: his_
embarked.
7^ existing establishments,
on which the soldier shoulei be
view of economy to the
Casting aside the centre
and looking with the hsiisiematoisetri,pirtomp t
will
and rapid appliance to
comfort and safety of thleha
rgissc'elmadiielirt9arayn'lde
probably be
found that the choice
service,
will also be thatatibl
most con-
most compatible with
colonial and general
ducive to the military security of Irel
wanhid. ch, even to an
r
There are some circumstances
seclude the selection
unprofessional person, must
of Cork for such a purpose. Ap station for the general
for the mu-
embarkation of troops must include sp, depot
e in the fullest
nitions of war ; it should therefore d
be
d the seas, our
internal attack. As long as we comm
attack
by
sea ;
but
sense of the word, defensible against either external or
grand fleet makes Cork safe from
is perfectly commanded
its Government establishments,
with all
with an enemy in the country, Cork harbour,

* A strong additional objection to channel navigation is to
be found in the fogs which prevail, during which several
steamers of value have already been lost, and the dangers of
collision, which are in proportion to the crowded state of
navigation in the narrow seas. The comparative dangers of
channel navigati9n may be tested by reference to insurance
companies.