The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-27 00:00:00

N0.17,552.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY • 7- • Xii

ASSUARANCE AGAINST LOSS OF LIFE BY RAILWAY
TRAVELLING.
METROPOLITAN COUNTIES
and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
_
27, REGENT-STREET, WATERLOO-PLACE, LON;,ON.
INCORPORATED PURSUANT TO ACT OF PARLIAMENT.
At the prey .nt day, when Railway travellim,, has become almost
universal, protection against the pecuniary loss to which the families
of sufferers from the accidents incidental to it are exposed, is one of
the requirements of the age. To meet this general feeling, this Society
affords to all persons, of whatever class, travelling by Railway in
great Britain and Ireland, the opportunity of insuring against loss of
life by accident whilst so travelling, at the moderate premium of
10s. per cent, in one single payment, for the whole period of life,
thereby rendering unnecessary the payment of Annual Premiums, as
in ordinary Life Assurance.
EXAMPLE.—A person may by one single payment of 5/. assure to
his family or others the sum of 1,0001., to be paid in the event of his
using his life by railway travelling in Great Britain or Ireland.
F. FERGUSON cAmrpux, Manager.

*** Prospectuses and Forms of Proposal, and all information may
be obtained personally, or on application by letter, addressed to the
Manager, at the Offices of the Society, No. 27, Regent-street, Water-
loo-place, London, or of any of the Local Agents.

CORTORATION"
(Established by Royal Charter A.D. 1720)
ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE.
OFFICES—ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON.

Branch, 29, Pall-mall.
FIRE INSURANCES.
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ASSURANCES ON LIVES,
'IVITII LARGR PARTICIPATION IN PROFITS.
Two-thirds of the profit on Policies dated since December, 1841,
will be apportioned, periodically, among those effected for Life ;
without involving the Assured in any risk of Partnership.

Immediate Annuities are also granted by the Society onliberal
terms, as will be seen by the following extracts from the Tables,
showing the annual amount of annuity upon every 100/. deposited :
Age 50, £7 Ss. Age 60, .£9 14s. 3d. Age 70, £l4 2s. 2d,
The Annual. Report, with Tables of Rates, &c., may be had at the
Office, or any of its Branches in the Country ; or, on application, will
be forwarded post free.

W. S. B. WOOLTIOUSE, Actuary•

COUNTY FIRE OFFICE,
2, ROYAL EXCHANGE-BUILDINGS.

Established 1807.
The Directors hcg to give notice, that the Christmas renewals are
now lying at the East-end Office, as above, where every facility will
be afforded to parties desirous of effecting insurances.
HENRY BEAUMONT, Secretary.

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
3N PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by cost, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
,ualifleations. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox-
ford-street, London. Published by the Authors : sold by Strange,
21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ;
Starie, 23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive indul-
gence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative Incapacity.
Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Engravings.
PART IV. contains a Prescription for the Prevention of Disease
by a simple application, by which the danger of infection is ob-
viated. This important part of the Work should not escape the
eader's notice.
PART V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, an its
duties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
TILECORDIAL BALM or SYRIACUM is exclusively employed in treat-
ing nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., 11 s,. and 335. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary symp-
toms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 11s. and 335. per bottle.
ferry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and 1 is. par box, a
certain remedy for gonorrhoaa, gleet, stricture, and chronic inflamma-
t'on of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter. 11. A minute
retail of the case is required : age, habits, and position in society.
56. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Establishment only, by
which the fee. ,1., is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons, are in atten-
dance daily at 19, Ber .iers-street, Oxford-street, London, from Ele-
ven till Two, and Five to Eight ou Sandays from Eleven to One.

ON NERVOUS DEBILITY AND GENE RATIYh' DISEASES.
Just published, the Thirty-sixth Thousand, an improved edition, re-
vised and corrected, 120 pages, price 2s. in a sealed envelope, or
forwarded by the Author, post paid, to any address, secure from
observation, for as. 6d., in postage stamps, illustrated with no-
morons Anatomical Coloured Engravings.
MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PREMA-
TURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for its PERFECT
RESTORATION.
A Medical Essay on those Diseases of the Generative Organs,
emanating from Solitary and Sedentary Habits, indiscriminate Ex-
cesses, the Effects of Climate and Infection, &c., addressed to the
sufferer in Youth, Manhood, and Old Age ; with Practical Remarks
on Marriage, the Treatment and Cure of Nervous and Mental De-
bility, Impotency, Syphilis, and other Urine-Genital Diseases, by
which even the most shattered constitution may be restored, and
reach the fall period of life allotted to Man. The whole illustrated
with numerous Anatomical Engravings on Steel, in colour, explain-
ing the various Junctions, secretions, and structures of the repro-
ductive Organs in hcaith and disease ; with Instructions for private
correspondence, cases, &c.
By J. L. CURTIS, Surgeon,
7 , Frith-street, Soho-square, London.

Total delivered

Exported

3,700,000

Sent coastwise 6,900,000

." Manhood' A Medical Work.—To the gay and thoughtless we
trust this little work will serve as a beacon to warn them of the
Unger attendant upon the too rash indulgence of their passions,
whilst to some it may serve as a monitor in the hour of tempta-
tion, and to the afflicted as a sure guide to health."—Chronicle.
" Manhood.' By J. L. Curtis.—Their long experience and re-
putation in the treatment of these painful diseases is the patient's
guarantee, and well deserves for the work its immense cirulation."
—Era.
" Curtis on Manhood' should be in the hands of youth and old
age. It is a medical publication, ably written, and developer the
treatment of a class of painful maladies which has too long been
the prey of the illiterate and the designing."— United Service
Gazette.
The Parent, who beholds his beloved child pining away, and fast
approaching to a premature grave, in consequence of some disease,
which, for want of careful investigation of its real cause, has been
set down to the score of consumption, will, on perusing this work,
be astonished to find, that in nine-tenths of the cases of young per-
sons of both sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary con-
sumption, heart disease, tabes, &c., the sole and exclusive origin has
been the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by youth
(Ruch more frequently than it is at all suspected.
N.B. Hours of consultation from Eleven till Two, and Six to
Eight ,t. tho Evening.

•
A It It 1 A r E.
m. One half the woritl are desolately single, and the other
iuppoeing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, er a
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
-1 the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret on-
somproslug hurry; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
end social content. The dowry should not be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and justice demand that health ahei Lid form au item
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Bliglated hopes er
Neglect wound more sorely than poverty or mivfOrtune. Reader, if
diece surmises concern you, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
MEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. In 2 vols., Is.
each (by vest, in stamps, le. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
oy misinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle curiosity, but
'or the closet perusal of those more deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
together, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
.ittle publications claim your attention (same price Is. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
life, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
servance of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—to live after nature's laws—and to keep always
on the " sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ' • Carvalho, 147, Fleet .street • Mann,
39, Cernhill ; Nelson, 457, West Strand; or direct (by post or other-
wise) from the anther (who may be conferred with personaliy,
mornings and evenings), 10, Argyll-place Regent-street; and all
Booluiellersi

PUBLICATIONS.

ANOTHER ENLARGEMENT.
OF THE
WEEKLY DISPATCH.
This Journal at present the largest in existence —nu-
ri nailed for its early intelligence and unewapromisiug advocacy of
the Rights of Mankind—will be

ENLARGED,
On and aftcr SUNDAY, the 7th of JANUARY, 1549, to
SIXTEEN PAGES,
CONTAINING
SIXTY-FOUR COLUMNS,
OF TILE
SAME SIZE AND FORM AS AT PRESENT, WITHOUT

THE SECOND EDITION of MR. MACAU-
LAY'S HISTORY of ENGLAND will be published on Fri-
day, January 5, 1849.
London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

IIIARPE'S LONDON MAGAZINE.
Edited by FRANK FAIRLEGII.
The JANUARY Part, price ls., contains Two Superior Engrav-
ings on Steel, and the following, among other articles of general in-
terests:—
Lewis Arundel. By the Editor.
Literary Impostures : W. 11. Ireland.
Princes and Priests. By Mrs. Postans.
Youth of Goethe.
Incidents of Civil War at Paris.
Slander. By M. F. Tupper.
Reviews :—Surrey. By M. F. Tupper.—Robert Montgomery's
Christian Life —Pepys' Diary.—Tiic Town.—Forty Days In the
Desert.— The flaunted Man.
London: Arthur Hall and Co., 25, Paternoster-row.

On the First of January 1849, Part 1., price One Shilling,
FRANK FAIRLLAIII; or, Scenes from the Life
of a Private Pupil. By the Editor of " Sharpe's London
Magazine." With Two Engravings, by George Cruikshank.
This, though not exactly a work of thrilling interest, or quite cal-
culated to harrow the reader's feelings. and plough up the inmost
recesses of his soul, yet has its good points, as it is hoped all who
love real honest harmless fun will acknowledge when they have
read it.

London : Arthur Hall and Co., 25, Paternoster-row.

On the Ist of January, 1849, will be published, No. 1., price 6d., post

_ .
free 4d. extra, of
ACALL to Prepare for a NEW and PERFECT
ORGANIZATION of HUMAN SOCIETT, in order to realise
the Precepts of God and Genuine Christianity—er in other words,
Real Civilization, and so ensure full and profitable employment for
the superabundant labour and talent of the world.
W. Strange, 21, Paternoster-row, Landon ; and may be had of all
Booksellers.

Just published, price 55., Svo. In cloth,
HE RATIONAL TREATMENT of STRIC-
T TUBES of the ITRETIIRA, in all their varieties and compli-
cations. With practical observations on the use and abuse of instru-
ments in the treatment of urethral diseases, showing that the unne-
cessary employment of instruments is a frequent exciting cause of
stricture, and that a want of practical knowledge and manual
dez-
t2rity in their use, when necessary, is the source of most of the se-
vere, long-protracted, and complicated cases of that disorder so fa-
tally prevalent. •
By F. B. COURTENAT,
" The operation of introducing a catheter through an impermeable
stricture is, Without doubt, the most difficult in the whole range of
surgical operations, and demands all the prudence, science, and skill
of a master. The art can, only be acquired, "and that gradually, by
frequent praetice."—Liston's Operative Surgery.
Published by 11. Bahliere, 219, Regent-street ; and may be had of
all booksellers in town or country.

SHAVER PLATED DISH COVERS.—The
Catalogue of Prices, with Drawings, of SILVER PLATED
DISH COVERS, and other requisites for the dinner table, is pith-
lished, and may be had, gratis, or will be sent, pestage free, to any
part of Great Britain, Ireland, or the Colonies.
A. 11. SAVORY and SONS, 14, Cornhill, London, opposite the
Bank.

L 0 V E is the leading feeling of the human
breast. More exalted than mere passion, it soars high above
every other impulse of nature, and is not only stronger than avarice,
but more engrossing even than ambition. No man is exempt from
its influence, or can avoid its sway ; and business, pleasure, philo-
sophy, and divinity itself become neglected under the enthralling
power of LOVE, which, unlike most things, increases in intensity
with time, until it receives the sacred consummation of marriage.
When union does not take place, however, this passion, this
:ervour, this golden tide of the manliest feelings becomes a deadly
poison in the heart, which now darkens, as it before bright-
ened, all things upon earth. How is it that men, of most un-
changeable habits, will change at the very altar, and after a life-
time spent in the fulflitneM, of every engagement, snap the very con-
tract-asunder which should be most binding to an honourable mind ?
it is the effect of conscience. The Lover, by enervation of early
habits, or the results of secret disease, knows himself to be
disqualified, and dares not enter a state which has been
iLstituted by Divine Law for the fulfilment of important
ends. The wretched condition of such a being must subsequently be
beyond measure deplorable Loving and beloved, he entails the
most miserable disappointments on the object of his choice, and upon
himself a desolation the most horrible, when the simple possession of
natural attributes would change the scene, and yield to both a life of
Unalloyed happiness. The subject is interesting, and deserves the
attention of all. Those desirous of investigating it will find the
fullest and most satisfactory information in the little work entitled

SELF-PRESERVATION.
Illustrated by forty coloured engravings on the anatomy, physiology,
and diseases of the reproductive organs ; with practical observa-
ions en the secret infirmities of youth and maturity, resulting from
solitary habits, excesses, or infection.
By SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Meraber of the University of
Edinburgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Mall, London, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
This treatise is the result of a long course of study in a peculiar and
much neglected branch of medical practice, and the author having ob-
tained the highest medical honours, is a guarantee for his profes-
sional experience, which has reference almost solely to the treat-
ment of those diseases.

TEE TEA TRADE, DEC. 26.—The deliveries of tea
last week from the London warehouses were 464,3661 b.,
being less than in the preceding week. The following
is the movement in the London trade to the 16th of
December:—

1847.
31,818,0001 b.

1848.
36,102,0001 b.

2,750,000

7,000,000

10,600,000

9,750,000

Home consnmptlon from London 25,218,0001 b. 26,352,0001 b.
The chief feature in the market during the past month
has been the new season's congou, the arrival of which.
per Sursda and Mary Sparks excited some little in-
terest, while the simultaneous arrival of the two ships
occasioned the opening of the market at mo-
derate rates, which nevertheless have not been main-
tained; the first sales out of the former ship were effected
inferior;
those Is. 9d. for best descriptions, and Is. Bd. for
those ex Mary Sparks have principally sold at Is. 6d.
and Is. 7d. The arrival of the Chartley Castle and
Isabella Watson, and the anticipation of further sup-
plies, will render even these rates difficult of attainment,
for such as prove inferior, while choice quality will pro-
bably command about ls. 9d. during the season. The
quality on the whole has more than equalled the antici-
pations founded on first reports of the new crop from
the other side; the best chops, however, proved more
or less
." tarry," while the leaf, generally, is inferior in
make; in other descriptions of congou but little has been
done, and rates rather in favour of the buyer. Greens
are generally lower—young hysons and gunpowders
(from Is. 6d. to 23. value) some 2d. per lb.; hysons
remain difficult of sale. Imperials, on the other hand,
have brought better rates, the market being ill supplied
with both these and Canton kinds. The limited arrivals
of scented teas have been taken off at moderate prices;
on the whole, the demand for these descriptions has been
less active during the latter part of the month.
SUICIDE IN THE MILITARY PRISON, FORT CLA-
RENCE.--CLIATHAM, DEC. 25.—0 n Saturday evening,
about six o'clock, Sergeant James Dwane, 60th Royal
Rifles, put a period to his lire by shooting himself with
his rifle. He was in charge of a detachment guard, do-
ing duty in this prison, and he committed the act in his
own room, which is in the rear of the guard-room, by
placing his rifle, which was loaded with ball, under his
chin. The discharge shattered his head to atoms; seve-
ral of his teeth were picked up in the room. The cause
for committing this rash act appears to have arisen
from his being in arrears of some public money due to
some of the men of his depot, and which he had men-
tioned previously to one of his comrades, adding that
he had been threatened with being reported to his com-
manding-officer. Mr. James Lewis, the Rochester, :co-
roner, held an inquest on the body, at a late hour the
same night, when the jury returned a verdict, "That
the deceased shot himself during a fit of ,temporary
insanity."

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS

FROM TILE MORNING PAPERS OF TIIIS DAY.
--- -

TIMES.—The perplexity whisk ivehWe felt in
saluting by his proper titles the now ruler of France is
not diminished by the reception which his fellow-coun-
trymen have just accorded him in his exalted capacity.
Few seemed to know the terms in which their congratu-
lations should be couched. popular organ of French
opinion suggested that silence was the best expedient in
such an embarrassment, and that no one should venture
to specify his grounds of rejoicine, lest the anticipations
of his neighbour from the same felicitous event should
be found to be exactly opposite. Fortunately, however,
au expression was discovered, on the day of the inaugu-
ral ceremony, in which the sentiments of all might coin-
cide. It was not a Consul, or a General, or a Prince, or
an Emperor, or a President, who was before them, but a
Bonaparte alone. " Vivo Napoleon" was the universal
cry, and it is the restoration of an Imperial
family which we presume we aro now to hail.
Those who recognise the theory of a cyclical
course of events will have been edified with the
illustrations of the doctrine which the last week has con-
tributed. A twelvemonth ago the true Imperialists
formed a party among the French people but one step
advanced, in numbers or significance, above the true
Republicans. The Republicans had their day drat—the
Imperialists have it now. It argues but little to scruti-
nize the composition of that enormous majority by which
a Napoleon has been again placed at the head of the
French people. It may be the result, as M. Odilon
Barrot alleges, of a " fusion of parties in one common
sentiment;" or it may indicate a less permanent or satis-
factory compromise. There it is, however—an accom-
plished fact. The French nation has declared its opi-
nion under circumstances more favourable to a deliberate
expression of sentiment than have often fallen to the
lot of any country. The result is significant in more
points of view than one. That section of the popu-
lation which proclaimed itself emphatically " the
people," which arrogated to . itself the • easolute_
sovereignty of France, which menaced with proscription
and plunder, with fire and sword, any opposition to its
most extravagant caprices, has been weighed and num-
bered, And has been found to comprise, in all its
varieties, not half a million heads out of seven millions
and a half. Even throwing into the scale of Ledru
Rollin and Raspail all the doubtful, blank, and uncon-
stitutional votes which were found in the ballot-boxes,
the total numbers polled for these champions of the so-
cial Republic will not reach 500,000 out of 7,449,741.
One in fifteen!—a proportion exactly identical with that
disclosed in our own metropolis between the enemies and
the friends of public order. But fourteen short months
ago a solemnity of unusual occurrence even amongst the
multiform files of Paris aroused the sympathies and re-
collections of Frenchmen. A true and veritable Marshal
of the Empire was consigned to the vaults of the Inva-
tides. Amongst the mourners who followed the coffin
through the long ranks of veterans across the noble
court of the hospital were some relics of the Grand
Army. The red lancer with the Polish shako which has
since become common to his class, the chasseur of the
guard with his boots and pelisse, and the old grenadier
with his blue coat and bearskin cap, were there presented
in living reality to a wondering generation of their suc-
cessors. The Republic in the place of the Monarchy
was transformation strange enough, it is true; but who
then could have conceived that the characters and titles
of the Empire would within a year be resuscitated into
actual life, that a Napoleon would again take up his
abode in the royal palace and receive the salutes of thou-
sands on the Place Vendome, that one Bonaparte would
preside at the Invalides, that another would proceed as
Ambassador to London, that a Pajol and a Noy would
again figure on an Imperial staff, and that the
bourgeoisie of Paris should fall back in respect
and reverence before a trumpeter of the Imperial
Guard? It was on a bitterly cold winter morning nearly
half a century ago that the form of a Republic was
last superseded in Paris by the promotion of a Napoleon.
Out of 3,012,569 electors, 3,011,007 had acquiesced in
the substitution of a Bonaparte for the miserable mimic-
ries of a constitution. After some coquetry and some
precautions, the new chief of the people entered formally
upon the dignities of his office. Preceded by a glitter-
ing escort, he took possession of the ancient palace of
the Capets, and signalised his accession by the charac-
teristic solemnity of a gorgeous military review. On
every side the crowd pressed round to salute him with
cries and acclamations, to admire the style of his
horsemanship and the nobleness of his air. His
" grave and pensive beauty," says the historian,
attracted the eyes of all, and upon his life and safety
the destinies of- France were unanimously admitted to
hinge. Almost might we ,have transferred this descrip-
tion of the great Napoleon to our columns of yester-
day which related the elevation of his nephew. There
were differences no doubt. Perhaps the noisy volunteers
of the banlieu might be thought an indifferent substitute
for the 96th and the 30th demi-brigades, with Lennes,
Murat, and Bessieres, at their head; and it would hardly
be difficult to construct the aggregate of patticulars into
a ttlerably faithful parody. But so analogous were the
great features of the ceremony, :and ao wonderful were
the consequences of this resurrection of a name, that It
would be hard to say what scenes in the history of
France are now beyond hope of revival. We have no
desire to disparage the new Napoleon. Whatever may
be the degeneracy of present politics, his debzit was more
suggestive of the days of the real empire than 'that of
M. Louis Blanc was of the days of the real republic.
He will find at least as much work as awaited his
great namesake in the interior administration of
France. Credit was not worse, private fortunes were
not more dilapidated, public fortune was not more
completely ruined in 1800 than it is in 1848. The
leading proposal of Napoleon I. was peace. We trust
it may be equally so of Napoleon 11. This part of his
work is done to his hands; he needs no campaign of
Marengo to secure his pacification of Amiens. But if he
can restore France to anything like even that prosperity
which she gratuitously suffered to perish in either care-
lessness or wantoness of spirit, it will be no longer pos-
sible to question the existence of virtue in a name. One
week has now elapsed since Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
took possession of his official residence, held his levee,
and retired to rest in the last chamber which his uncle
ever occupied in Paris. We will not speculate upon the
sentiments with which he may have rambled over the
abode so strangely recovered, but his great predecessor
was certainly at no loss to comprehend his position on
the analogous occasion to which we have referred. "Eh
Men, Bourienne," he rem trked, turning to the secretary
at his side as soon as he gained a moment's privacy,
"Eh Lien, nous voila done aux Tuileries 1-11Iaintenant
it fans y rester !"

11-iONICLE.—The medical men who practise in the
city of London declare that cancerous and pulmonary
affections have been enormously increased, of late years,
by the quantity of meat unfit for human food, which is
daily aisposed of within the bills of mortality. The
obvious cause of this evil is, that in Smithfield and New-
gate markets, where inspectors are appointed, with full
power to seize and confiscate such carrion, the accom-
modation is so execrable that they cannot perform their
duties at all; whilst, in the other meat markets of Lon-
don, no such necessary supervision has been established.
Our ancestors appear, in sanitary matters, to have
been wiser than we are. There exists, amongst the
Rolls of Parliament of the year 1380, a petition from
the citizens of London, praying that, for the sake
of the public health, meat should not be slaugh-
tered nearer than " Knyghts-brigg," under penalty,
not only of forfeiting such animals as might be
killed in the " butcherie," but of a year's imprison-
ment. The prayer of this petition was granted, and its
penalties were enforced during several reigns. In 1848,
however, we are not so squeamish. In the course of a
year, 220,000 head of cattle, and 1,500,000 sheep, are
violently forced into an area of five acres, in the very
heart of London, through its narrowest and most crowded
thoroughfares; and are there sold, and there slaughtered,
in the dark and undrained cellars, stables, and out-
houses adjoining. The inhabitants and shopkeepers,
on the line of march taken by these herds and flocks,
are weekly frighted from their propriety by the transit
of 4,000 oxen and 30,000 sheep, that are hurried
along by reckless drovers, and maddened by savage
dogs. Scarcely a market-day passes without some
grave accident to man, beast, and property. A
letter from " An Inhabitant of West Smithfield,"
which will be found elsewhere in our colunms, depicts,
with the graphic force of truth, the grievork inconve-
niences and outrages to which those who reside in the
neighbourhood of this intolerable nuisance are constantly
subjected. The environs of Smithfield are poisoned by
blood and garbage; the quality of the meat that we daily
eat is deteriorated by the ill-usage which animals un-
dergo whilst alive, and by the faulty accommodation for
cleansing and dressing it when dead. The graziers, who
send their stock to London, are fleeced, in consequence
of the monopoly which the Smithfield salesmen enjoy;
and the poor of the metropolis are sickened by the pesti-
lential trash which the crowded and undisciplined state
of the meat markets enables the lower classes of sales-
men to foist upon them with impunity. The cruelties,
too, practised habitually on the wretched animals,
defy exaggeration. It will scarcely be credited that
the foreign cattle and sheep, which are sold in Smith •
field, receive, during their transit from the port of their
embarkation to Blackwall—a period which varies from
two to six days—not one drop of water, nor one atom
of food. The deterioration of meat, from bruises and
over-driving, is calculated, by butchers themselves, to
amount, in Smithfield market alone, to above 100,0001.
a-year. The evidence before the various committees
abounds in disgusting details of eyes deliberately
' knocked out, horns broken off, tongues torn, women and
children tossed, drovers killed and mutilated, and shop-
fronts forcibly dashed in. And yet these are but the
minor evils of Srnithficld•market. That on which we
now wish most especially to dwell, is the facility which
the crowded and disorganized condition of this market
affords for the unlawful sale of diseased meat ; and,
unluckily, meat of that description, being the leanest,
is precisely the sort selected, at the low butchers'
shops, by the poor, as being the most economical.
From the Ist day of January, 1848, to the 7th of
the following August, the Inspector of Smithfield-
market confiscated, out of 120,000 cattle and 800,000
sheep, not one diseased beast, and but five diseased
sheep. We do not mean to censure that officer for not
doing his duty. We say that he could not do it. It was
notorious, at the time, that, on every market-day, no
less than from 50 to 100 head of cattle, and several
hundred sheep, 01000, Pigs, &c., 41 Prabid

DECEMBER 27, 1848.

dition, were disposed or. One salesman alone sold
weekly, for a considerable period, upwards of 100 sheep,
consigned to him from abroad, which were afflicted with
thq small-pox. The sick animals are divided into three
classes—" Choppers, Rough-uns, and Wet-uns." The
best are driven into the low slaughter-houses in Cow-
Cross-street and Sharp's-alley—are there cleaned, cur-
ried, and furbished up—and are then disposed of alive to
the inferior class of butchers, residing in poor and
densely populated neighbourhoods. Those in a more
advanced state :of disease are slaughtered and sold
on the spot, to the compilers of German suasages,
polonies, saveloys, and black puddings, and to the
vendors of a-la-mode beef, meat pies, and
cheap soups. It may be interesting to epicures to learn
that the red tint, observable in London German sausages,
is derived from a judicious admixture of horse-tic:Ai—
for glandered horses, cows which die in calving, and
still-born calves, are all considered as fair grist to the
sausage mills, which are to be heard in full drive, in sus-
picious proximity to the knackers' yards. The men em-
ployed in this foul work often die, from accidentally ino-
culating themselves with the virus contained in the mor-
bid meat which they prepare for public food. Tyler's-
market is especially infamous for the measly quality of
its pork, which is never outraged by the censorious eye
of an inspector. These evils exist in the very heart of
London. Nobody denies them. They come home to
every man's door—nay, to every man's dining table.
All that we have here stated, and more, and worse, is to
be witnessed twice a week in the City. It is to be found
in the reports of the Committees of 1828 and 1847, both
of which have in vain condemned Smithfield as_anuisanoe
which ought to be at once abolished; and we may also
refer those interested in the matter to an able pam-
phlet on the subject, lately published by Mr. Ridg-
way, of Piccadilly, written in an excellent spirit, by no
less a personage than Mr. John BalL We trust that the
enemies of over-legislation, who maintain that matters
like these ought to be left to find their own level, will
not be too hard upon us. if we implore the powers that
be, to be as wise, in 1848, as our ancestors were in 1380;
to exile; at once and for • ever, every cattle-market,
slaughter-house, and knacker's-yard, far away from the
heart of London; to place them under the strictest super-
vison ; and, further, to take such steps as they in their
wisdom shall deem advisable, for removing the uncom-
fortable imputations, which the little work, to which we
have alluded, has been the means of casting—we fear
with much justice—upon the sanitary qualities of the
German sausages, polonies, saveloys, black puddings,
meat pies, and a-la-mode beef of the British metropolis.
tintil the Legislature interferes, it will be impossible for
any thoughtful man, who has read Mr. John Bull's work,
to partake, in future, of those cockney dainties with any
feelings save those of nausea and distrust.

[PRICE SD.

when the premises were locked up at a late hour on Sa-
turday night.
BURNING OF FLAX MILLS.--Morgan Flax Mills, si-
tuated on the Caledon-road, a mile from Armagh, were
burned to the ground on Friday night.
INCREASE OF CHOLERA. IN BELFAST.—This fatal
scourge is increasing in Belfast. On Saturday three
new cases occurred, and on Sunday ono, of which two
terminated fatally. Two dispensary stations are open
night and day, and a doctor and apothecary constantly
in attendance. The board of health are adopting the
most energetic measures to meet tie calamity. The
following is the official return for the week ending on
Sunday night, the 24th :—Remaining at date of last re-
port, 4; since attacked, 15; died, 13; recovered, none;
remaining under treatment, 6.
NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

January...

February.

March

-~b
i C O v

71 11
9211
14;1516 1
21(22 23 2.
28;29 30 3

4! 51 6
1112 13 1
ilB'l9'2o 2

41 5 6
11,12 13 1.
15;19'26 2

25 26 27
April 1 2 3
1' 9 lf i
1516 17 I
2z 23 24 •2
29 30
May . ' 2

PLYMOUTH, DEC. 25.—Her Majesty's steam. sloop
Driver, from Portsmouth, came in yesterday, at 1 p.m.,
and left again in the evening fir a Channel cruise.
The ten-chip Joseph Bushby, of Liverpool, 600 tons
register, Captain Bushby, five months from Csnton,
bound to London, put into the Sound on Sunday after-
noon. She has been up Channel as far as the Bill of
Portland, and on Saturday morning put back, having
shipped therefrom a Weymouth pilot and several fresh
hands, the scurvy having attacked the ship's crew, six of
whom were landed here this afternoon.
Arrived yesterday, the brig Warman, Captain Corne-
lius, from Havannah, with sugar, bound to Plymouth for
orders, maintopmast-fished, sails, spars, and rigging
damaged, gone up Catwater to repair; the Albion, Cap-
tain Ball, from Hamburg!), for Bristol ; and the Hano-
verian schooner Pegasus, Captain Murfeldt, from Smyrna,
for Amsterdam.

June

31 41 5

[lll2 1311.1
S 19 20 21
15 26 27 28

'll2ll
; 1 9 2,
;26 2!

On Saturday night it blew a strong gale from S.E. to
S.S.E., with cold weather, and so continued until
Sunday afternoon, when the wind veered more to the
southward, blowing strong, with rain all Sunday night.
Christmas morning opened with a stiff breeze from
S.S.W., the wind going more westerly, and the weather
becoming warmer as the day advanced.
WooLwrcu, DEC. 26.—The Teazer steam-vessel,
Lieutenant-Commander Selweyn, passed through the
Downs on Saturday during a heavy storm at sea, and
proved an excellent sea•boat, making a speed of eight
and a half to nine knots in severe weather, when no less
than eight vessels were driven on the sands, one of
which was entirely left on the Goodwin, the crew having
been fortunately enabled at the last moment to save
their lives in the boat when none of the Deal boatmen
could approach to render any assistance. One vessel
went ashore on the Girdler sands, another on the
Pansand, and five on the Maplan sand.
The Arrogant steam-frigate, 46 guns, was taken out
of the basin to-day, and will be ready shortly for trial
down the river.

Commodore Henry Edon assumed the duties of Super-
intendent of Woolwich Dockyard to-day ; and his Com-
modore's broad pendant was hoisted on board the
Fiagard flag-ship at 9 o'clock A.M.
The Niger steam-vessel had her steam-up.on Saturday,
and will be tried down the river, with the Basilisk steam-
vessel on the 4th of January.

THE BURNING OF THE OCEAN

MONARCH.

It will be remembered that, when the Ocean
Monarch was destroyed by fire in August last, off the
coast of Wales, a sailor named Frederick Jerome,
belonging to the New To& packet ship New World,
obtained great credit for the extraordinary exer-
tions he was represented to have made for the
rescue of the passengers, and that wry liberal
rewards were bestowed upon him by individuals,
as well as by public bodies. Captain Knight,
of the New World, has made a deposition be-
fore Mr. H. C. Chapman, receiver of Admiralty
Droits at Liverpool, from which it would appear that
the conduct of Jerome on the occasion in question
was not so creditable to him as the public had been
led to suppose. Captain Knight, after detailing the
endeavours made by his crew to render assistance
to the sufferers on the burning wreck, states,
that at six o'clock P.M. the tide and wind slackened,
and the Ocean Monarch, which it had before
been dangerous to approach, from the plunging of
the ship, began to ride more easily. lie then says,
that the New 'World's life boat now dashed under
the bowsprit • the boatswain ordered the men to catch
hold of any of the ropes which hung to the water.
That they (lid so, and one of them (Frederick Jerome),
having hold of the topmast stay, was ordered to shin
up and lower the people down. He did so, and when
finished, came down as he went up (dropping into the
Ocean Monarch's boat, which had come to assist), and
all were safely put on board the steamer. That the
moment his (Captain Knight's) boitts were hoisted,
while the ship was yet in stays, and before he had
hauled Ilia head yards, Jerome walked up to him
saying, I'm a genTna now, sir. I've got plenty of
money now. I don't want to work any more. I'll
go in the cabin now.' That he instantly had him
put out of the way, until the ship was round and sail
made, and then had the officers and men who had
been in the boats mustered aft, and taking them one
at a time into his state room gave each a thorough
and separate examination. That all the statements
(except two) perfectly coincided with each other,
and with what he himself saw. That while all of
them, in every respect, behaved most gallantly, it was
not even suspected, by either officers or men, that any
one of them had distinguished himself above his fel-
lows. That it appeared that Jerome went on to the
bowsprit simply because he was ordered to do so.
That while there the only danger feared was the
falling of the bowsprit, in which case those upon it
would have been much safer than those under it in
the boats. That it appeared Jerome who had de-
scended from the bowsprit into the Ocean Monarch's
boat went on board the Affonso, where he spent some
half hour or more, and told his own story in his
own way, while the feelings of all the distinguished
guests who heard him were in the highest state of
excitement; he was believed, honoured, rewarded,
and his extravagant tale published to the world as
a fact, though perfectly untrue, and in itself per-
fectly impossible. That the New World's boats saved
between 60 and 70 souls, and that their great success
was entirely owing to the judgment of the officers in
charge and the perfect obedience of the men. That
though frequently offered liquor, not one of them
tasted anything but water, or for a moment left the
boats (except Jerome) during the seven hours they
were absent ; and that it appeared that Jerome
lowered himself into the Ocean Monarch's boat
by the merest accident, without any particular
motive, but that while on board the Affonso, finding
how he was received, he took advantage of his good
luck. We may add that the copy of a resolution
agreed to by the Committee of the Liverpool Ship-
wreck and Humane Society, expressing in warm
terms their sense of the efforts made by Captain
Knight, his officers, and seamen, to rescue the un-
fortunate sufferers from the Ocean Monarch, was
transmitted to that gentleman on his recent ar-
rival in Liverpool, and was suitably acknow-
ledged by him. The committee, desirous of
marking the high estimation in which they held
the able and judicious conduct of Captain Knight,
tendered to him the gold medal of the society—
the highest honorary testimonial they could award;
but this compliment Captain Knight respectfully but
firmly declined, as he had previously done in America,
when offered a similar testimonial by the Massa-
chusetts Humane Society, on the ground of con-
scientious objections to the reception of any testi-
monial involving the outlay of funds of a charitable
institution. The committee, however, voted their
silver medal to Mr. W. E. Baahlam, late third officer
of the New World ; and presented 51. to Thomas
Forbes, the boatswain ; and V. to each of the seven
seamen by whom the boats were manned.

ST. MARTIN-IN-THE-FIBLDS BATHS AND LATIN-
DRIEL—PRIVATI INSPECTION.—Yesterday the Rev. Sir
Henry DukinfieM, the late vicar of St. Martia-in-the
Fields, the overseers, guardians, and vestrymen of that
parish, walked in procession from the vestry room, to in-
spect the new baths and laundries erected in Orange-
street, Leicester-square, on a plan of which the rev. ex-
vicar was the promoter, preparatory to their being thrown
open for public use on the lat of January. The arrange-
ments, though not on an extensive scale, gave great sa-
tisfaction, and if the expectations of the commissioners
be realised, the present will be the commencement of an
establishment of much grtater magnitude. There are 68
baths, which are thus divided:-10 first class male baths,
39 second-class ditto; sfirst, and 14 second-class female
baths, the charge for the 'use of which, giving the bather
the option of either hot or cold water, will be first-class,
2d., second, ld. After the baths and laundries had been
inspected, Sir Henry Dukinfield delivered an address to
those who accompanied him, in the large ironing-room,
complimenting the parishioners ou the spirit they had
evinced in carrying into effect the project he had sub-
mitted to them, by which, he said, they had set a worthy
example to other parochial bodies. He dwelt upon Vie
benefit which, both morally and physically, would accrue
to those for whose use and advantage public baths and
laundries were established, and he hoped that similar
provision might soon be ;made in every populous district
throughout the country. The procession afterwards re-
turned to the vestry-room, where a luncheon was par-
taken of.

MONET MARIET.—The premium on gold at Paria
is 10 per mille, which, at the English Mint price of
3l 17s. lOid. per ounce for standard gold, gives an ex-
change of 25.40; and the exchange at Paris on London
at short being 25.35, it follows that gold is 0.20 per
cent. dearer in Paris than in London. By advices from
Hamburgh the price of gold is 437 per mark, which, at
the English Mint price of 34 17s. 10id. per ounce for
standard gold, gives an exchange of 13.11; and the
exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13.111,
it follows that gold is 0.06 per cent. dearer in London
Atin*Vgb,

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LABUAN AND BORNEO.
(From the Singapore Free Press of Nov ci.) •
Her Majesty's ship Meander, Captain the Hon. H.
Keppel, arrived here on the Ist instant, having left
Lsbuan on the 15th ult. The Meander, which, it
will be recollected, left this on the 29th of August,
having on board his Excellency Sir James Brook,
arrived at the Moratabas River and anchored at
seven P.M. on Saturday, the 2d of September. Sir
James Brook left the ship and proceeded to Sarawak
at one ?.M. on the 4th, the frigate manning the yards
and saluting him with twenty-one guns. On the
21st his Excellency's flag was hoisted at Sarawak,
and as it rose above the neighbouring trees it was
saluted from the fort and the houses of the principal
Datus. The business of the day commenced by the
presentation to Sir James of a splendid sword,
by the European inhabitants of Sarawak, Mr. 'lent'j
as their spokesman, addressing him nearly as followsgl
"Sir, in presenting to your Excellency this sword,
a testimony of the high esteem which we the Euro-
pean inhabitants of Sarawak entertain for your
public and private virtues, permit me, in the name of
those around, to congratulate you on your triumphant
return to your own people, whom you, and you alone,
have raised from the miseries of anarchy and civil
war to their present happy position—a return ren-
dered doubly brilliant by the honours it has pleased
our Gracious Sovereign Queen Victoria to bestow
upon you for your distinguished services, which have
also been acknowledged by the whole nation. These
evidences of your countrymen's approbation cannot
but be highly grateful to your Excellency, but rest
assured, however warm your reception may have been
in England, it cannot exceed that which we feel in
Sarawak, and which we desire to commemorate by
the presentation of this sword as a mark of our high
esteem and heartfelt admiration."

Sir James replied in a neat speech, assuring the
European inhabitants of Sarawak that his feelings
towards Sarawak were the same as they always bad
been, and that when he should cease to be amongst
them the sword then presented to him should be
handed down to his successor. The scene in the
audience chamber was most picturesque. At the
head of the room was seated Sir James Brooke, on
his left hand the Hon. 11. Keppel, on his right Cap-
tain Brooke and the European inhabitants, and im-
mediately behind him Dr. Treacher and Lieutenant
Allen, Mr. Baker, and other officers of the Meander,
whilst on the floor, in front, sat the principal native
chiefs, Datus and Pangerans. The three principal
Datus were each presented with a valuable sword by
Sir James, who addressed them in Malay, assuring
them that every assistance would be given by him
and their old friend the Honourable Captain
Keppel, for their safety, whilst the most active
measure would be taken for the punishment
of the pirates, and those found in any way
either directly or indirectly, assisting. It may be
here stated, in explanation, that the Sakarran pirates
are again becoming troublesome, and will soon re-
quire active measures to be taken for their suppres-
sion. After the presentation to the Datus the crowd
of natives dispersed, and Pangeran Mohamed was
gratified with a trip in the " steam gun boat," in
which he was accompanied with most of the native
chiefs. The next day at neon, at the request of the
inhabitants, Captain Keppel embarked his splendid
brass band on board the Ranee, and the inhabitants
were entertained, as this graceful little steamer glided
along the bright waters of the Sarawak, with some of
the most popular airs, amongst which was the " Sa-
rawak Polka," lately introduced from England,
which, however, failed to produce amongst the
swarthy assembly that devotion to the shrine of Terp-
sichore which it did on its first introduction in the
ball rooms of Old England.
On the Sunday following his Excellency embarked
at Sarawak for Labuan, arriving at the Meander at
six, when the noble frigate was in a few seconds got
under weigh, and after a succession of light winds
arrived at Labuan on Friday, the 29th of September.
His Excellency landed on the 2d of October under a
salute of seventeen guns from the Meander and
Royalist, and was received by the Lieutenant
Governor, Captain Hoskins, Mr. Lowe, and Mr.
Scott, and having gone through the requisite, formali-
ties at once proceeded to business. e do not doubt
but that under the skilful management of Sir James
Brooke and his talented staff of officers, Labuan will,
ere many years, attain that importance as a British
possession which its situation, combined with its
valuable coal mines, is fitted to give, and we doubt not
that ere many months it will be made a station for the
steamers to coal at ; indeed it is already reported that
the Spanish steamers intend to call there monthly for
the purpose of coaling on their way to Singapore, and
those of the Peninsular and Oriental Company will
probably eventually adopt the same plan. Although
there have been a few deaths, Labuan cannot be con-
sidered as unhealthy, and the climate is described as
being pleasant, the nearly constant rains at night cool-
ing the atmosphere. The town from the sea presents
a regular appearance, the better class of houses hav-
ing jetties running out into the bay, at the ends of
which, overhanging the sea, are neat and well arranged
bathing houses. The coal seams are situated about
seven miles from Victoria Bay ; the methods used
for working the mines are of the most primitive order,
and it is to be hoped will soon be superseded by some
plan which will facilitate the operation of coaling,
and materially diminish the cost of labour. This we
learn from one well capable of judging would be easy
of accomplishment, and Sir James Brooke will no
doubt soon direct his attention to the subject.
The weather on the coast of Borneo, as usual at
the change of the monsoons, has been very unsettled.
Amongst the casualties has to be included her Ma-
jesty's ship Royalist, as we briefly noticed in our
paper of last week. The Royalist sailed from
Labuan for Singapore on the 4th of October. On
the next day she experienced very heavy squalls, and
on the second night was totally dismasted off Tanjong
Baram, the hull being left uninjured. She proceeded
under jurymasts back to Labuan, and in the evening
of Friday sighted her Majesty's ship Meander off the
entrance of the river Bruni. The escape of the whole
of the officers and men of the Royalist seems most
miraculous, for although mast after mast fell succes-
sively across the deck, only one seaman was injured,
and he is progressing favourably. Lieutenant Gor-
don, her able commander, had a
very narrow escape,
having been knocked down by the rigging and falling
masts, under which he was buried for some minutes
The Royalist lost all her boats. She will be towed
to this by the Honourable Company's steamer Auck-
land, which left for Labuan this morning. The
Meander also experienced heavy squalls. The
launch and steam tender which accompanied her had
a very narrow escape—the launch, having filled,
went under, and was saved eventually with loss of
guns, &c. the men, fortunately, were also saved by
the frigate's boats. The steam tender anchored, but
the weather moderating, got under weigh, and was
overtaken by a heavy squall and dismasted, and al.
though great fears were entertained for her safety,
she arrived safe at Labuan, a few hours after the
Meander anchored there. She will remain there, in
company with the Jolly Bachelor, in attendance on
Sir J. Brooke.

OREGON AND CALIFORNIA.,—We learn that a Com-
mission has been appointed by Government, consisting
of three officers from the navy and three from the army,
to proceed immediately to the Pacific for the purpose of
founding dockyards in our ports in Oregon and Califor-
nia. Other duties of a kindred nature will also devolve
upon the Ccnsmissioners. Their instructions will be
clear and explicit, so as to prevent rivalry and ensure the
most complete harmony and efficiency between the re-
presentatives of the two services in the important busi-
ness entrusted to them. The expedition will probably
journey overland.—,Boston Post.
CARRIAGE ACCIDENT.—On Friday night a man
named Clifford, aged 29, was passing along Charing-
cross, and in crossing the road directly opposite Nor-
thumberland House, a carriage, driven at a slow pace,
belonging to Mr. Cripps, of Bond-street, came up, and
the unfortunate man was knocked down by the pole and
run over. Threo ribs were fractured, a leg broken, and
other extensive injuries were sustained, which caused his
(loth in OR Ghanhg-crew LIM* Yebtsai4q.