The Sun.
London, England, 1870-02-12 00:00:00

WILLS AND BEQUESTS

The will of the Right Rev. James Prince Leo, D.D.,
Lord Bishop of Manchester, was proved in the Court of
that district, and the personalty sworn under £.10,000;
the executors being Mr. T. D. Ryder and the Rev. R.
Birley ; to each he leaves a legacy of £5O. his Lordship
was appointed the first bishop to the see in 1847,
the revenue being .£4,200 per annum. He at-
tained the age of 65 ; his will bears date
August 24, 1861. He expressly excludes his eldest
daughter from any interest under the will. He leaves
to his daughter Susannah Sarah Evans, beyond her portion
under settlement, a legacy of £l,OOO. To the Rev. Charle..
Evans he leaves a specific memorial bequest. To his wife,
whom he appoints his residuary legatee, he leaves plate to
the amount of £3OO, to be selected by her, as well as 250
volumes from his library; the rest of the books are to be
presented to the trustees of Owens College, Blanchester.
The remainder of his effects are to be sold,the interest arising
frcm the proceeds to be paid to his wife for her life; and
at her decease £4,000 is to be applied by the Manchester
Diocesan Church Building Association towards building
and endowing a church in a parish in that diocese, the
patronage to be in the gift of the Bishop; £l,OOO towards
the further endowment of St. John's Church, Heaton
Mersey, at the next avoidance ; £5,000 for establishing
a scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, for the son of
a clergyman of not less than five years' standine, in Man-
chester, tenable for three years. There are some small
boque.ts to his lordship's servants.—The will of tho
Honourable Lady Louisa Caroline Anne Greville, of
Eaton-place, Pimlico, daughter of the second Earl of
Warwick, was proved in London, on the 27th ult., under
£20,000, by her nephew, the Right Hon. George Grey, the
Earl of Warwick and Brooke, the sole executor.—
The will of Miss Caroline Mary Chambcrlayne,

late of Orford House, ITgley, Essex, was ad-
ministered to in the principal registry on the

22d ult., and the personalty sworn under £14,000.
--The will of John Tidd Pratt, Esq., late of tho Inner
Temple, and of 29, Abingdon-street, Westminster, was
proved in London, on the Ist inst., under £50,000 poc-
sonalty.

THE POST OFFICE AND THE
TELEGRAPHS.
The Pall Mall Gazette calls attention to a question of Mr,
Baines about the telegraphs, and ridicules it. Mr. Baines
asked the Postmaster-General whether he was aware that
the despatch of public i ntelligence by telegraph failed on
Tuesday last in every part of the country. The inquiry
might just as well have been supplemented by another
as to whether the Postmaster-General was aware that
during the last two nights a very severe frost had set in,
and what was the cause of it. With every desire to see
the Post Office " catch it," and, by repeated " catchings of
it," keep quite up to the mark, it is not desirable to see it
blamed for what is as utterly beyond its control as the
recurrence of the seasons. We must now number in our
category of atmospheric visitations magnetic storms.
These storms have lately been well known to
electricians, though only lately, and since the
existence of our great network of telegraphs. The
public are soon likely to become as familiar with them
as electricians themselves, for the simple reason that
in some parts of the year—mostly during winter—they
are not certain to get their telegrams through the districts
over which these magnetic storm's prevail, and which as a
rule, run from east to west. Such a magnetic-storm raged
during Monday and Tuesday last; but quite apart from
this electrical influence there was still enough, both
mechanically and atmospherically, to account for
the temporary failure of the wires. Perhaps Mr.
Barnes's question would never have been put had
the circumstances attending the amalgamation of the
different companies' lines and their transfer to the Post
Office been more familiar to the public in its details.
In the case of wires suspended in the air, the separation
between the numerous circuits depends entirely upcs
the degree of insulation afforded by the insulators
which support the wires from post to post. These
insulators are usually made of porcelain or earthen-
ware, which being strong non-conductors of elec-
tricity, prevent the escape of the electric current
from the wire through which it is passed. But
in wet, foggy, and windy weather (and there were all
these peculiarities last Monday and Tuesday) the
porcelain insulators became coated with a film of
moisture, and this moisture is a powerful con-
ductor, which drips down from wire to wire,
tapping each of its electric fluid as it flows till it forms a
little trickle down a telegraph-post and goes to earth. One
wet post or fifty wet posts would make no material differ-
ence in a message, say from London to Edinburgh, but all
the posts being wet would affect its intelligibility most ma-
terially. The Pall Mall Gazette explains what it means by an
instance. A magnetic storm affects the land lines from
its making them either plus or minus their proper quan-
tity of electricity. If the wire has too much electricity
caused by the magnetic storm, and a message is sent with
the letter H in it, the instrument called the armature,
which ought to make four dots, becomes a kind of electro-
magnet, which is held down by the magnetic current, and
instead of making four dots it makes almost a
single stroke, and this means the letter T. Thus
it goes on through all the letters of the alpha-
bet, so that literally a message sent from a loving
wife to her lord, " Dear Harry, arrived all safe,"
might reach him, " Darling Tom, lam all alone." This
is a fair sample of some of the difficulties with which the
Post-Office had to contend on ➢lcnday and Tuesday last.
"It was very hard on them as beginners. Still they have
got over it at a pinch, and we can only hope with them and
the public that it will not occur again, and that they will
be able to carry out their arrangements in that broad
liberal spirit in which they are evidently endeavouring
to do their duty under what must for some months b 6
♦ery trying circumstances."

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