The Sun.
London, England, 1848-09-22 00:00:00

(111- IA intigit :71tIt

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1840

Because France has to accomplish the sublime
work of her regeneration, of her regeneration moral,
social, political, industrial, educational and philo-
sophical—because France has to construct out of the
ruins of her dynastic past the fans of her constitu-
tional future—beeause her new-born Legislature, the
Legislature born from the womb of the entire nation,
evinces certain degree of premeditation in the fulfil-
ment of its august destinies—because her Senate de-
liberates, her statesmen muse, and her orators are
wrapt into the inspirations of prophecy upon the
tripod of her tribune—the young Republic is reviled
as a dreamer, and its lawgivers are scouted as char-
irataue. Were the journalists of England, without esl-
eeption, to participate in this fashionable derision it
would be indictitive of a decay in the intelligence pf
the nation, and would be derogatory to the character
of the British Press. For ourselves, we have no synl-
pathy in thees petty ebullitions of jealousy. For our-
selves, we look beyond the waters of the channel with
feelings of, awe rather than with emotions of ridic.
For ourselves, the spectacle which is at preset
visible- in the palace of the National Assembly is ss
spectacle more awful than frivolous, more divine than
lowly, more suffused with the spirit of eternity aid
grandeur, than of meanness or evanescence.
That such have been the sentiments with
which We have regarded the progress of
affairs in France since the revolutionary
explosion of February we need only refer, in testi-
mony, to the comments contained in The San since
the downfal of the Orleans monarchy. Without
lane interval of hesitation we have maintained the
dignity of the political events which have transpired
in the French capital. We have never truckled to
the vogue of a fortnight ; we have never con-
descended to caricature the principal actors in the
Revolution; we have never viewed the agonies of the
Republican crisis as the fit subject for the indulgence
of mirth or for the exercise of witticism. Because
Aitacso had gained glory as a philosopher we did not
think ourselves justified (for that reason alone) in
travestying his acts as an administrator; and the
result of his career as Minister over the joint depart-
ments of War and Marine proved that in so doing
we had done wisely—his brief exercise of authority
over the maritime and military powers of the Re-
public being scarcely less successful in its operation
than the glorious and memorable administration of
Csaurr—of CARNOT, who exalted the science of
war into a system of philosophy. Again, while
almost every lip Was curled and every hand raised in
scorn at the advent of LAMARTINE to the chair
of ,Government, simply because LAMARTINE had
batind:his brows in his youth with a garland of poetic
bay, we were by no means reluctant in regarding
the fame of the bard and of the statesman as, in an
eminent degree, compatible. We appreciated those
noble ejaculations with which, on the 4th of March,
he had himself responded to the deputation of students
headed by M. EDWARD DUPONT—" As to this epi-
thet of Poet which my enemies are perpetually hurl-
ing at pie, in the hopes of causing my destruction, I
accept it, gentlemen; and if it be the will of PROVI-
USZICJI that some few rays of glory come to illumine
the last years of my life, I shall still 'rejoice
to -find myself guilty of the cfiine of poesy !
That, then, are we doing at this very mo-
r"nt, gentlemen, what is our country doing at
thisll very
day, if it is not the most sublime of
ac
zit msoe try " We remembered, moreover, that
ble Was a statesman, and yet that CANNING
wrote verses in the Anti-Jacobin. We remembered
that Eatkisses was a statesman, and yet that ERSKINE
-wrote love-songs When
a subaltern. We remembered
was a
that MAZANIX
statesman and penned sonnets ;
Was
that BELLARMINE a • statesman and wrote epi-
grams ; that Itivrox was a statesman, and sung the
marveLs of Paradise anclPandetinonium in the l 2 books
of his " celestial epic." Bearingsefacts in recollection
we were not disposed to consohe c.r LAaIARTINE as an
inwraeticable man solely because
he was the first to
ittrodtsce the `°ode" into the poetic
literature of his
country, irwe are to believe the dictum of the greatest
Of French eritics now tiring, JuLEs J 'NIN. And
that oar opinion was very far removed from
rashnessn
d
has been shoWn by the glorious results of his three
months' adminisCisation, those three months in which
he abolished royalV, inaugurated the Republic, esta-
blished universal suVrage, abrogated the laws inflict-

ing capital punishments for political offences, created
rraw s 2 Garde Mobile, which on the :23d of June proved
tafigidition of the &volution, and for the good of
*or,-land sacrificed the glory of his popularity
I:Nr ann eitlvaffo4 of a dictatorship.
Appfvem the men themselves, the mere
s of the Itek,ublic have been mentioned in

1•4"

~..

forms or :terms of contumelious reproach. The
mode in which the proceedings of the Legis-
lative Chamber itself is conducted, the cries
of " Li cloture," the ringing of the President's bell,
thedemands of precedence for the tribune,—every de-
tail in the system has been referred to in the language
of ridicule. The planting of the trees of liberty—the
singing of the iliarseilliise, the chaunting of Mourir
pour la Patrie, the " fraternizing " of the
ouvriers in blouses, the bourgeoisie in the uniform of
the National Guard, the Garde Mobile, and the
regular army—the rattle of the rappel—the
phraseology, the costumes, the official routine, the
casual amusements, the private interviews and public
demonstrations of the French Republicans have been
employed as the themes of burlesque and epigram,
of poetical pasquinade' and deliberate misrepresenta-
tion. Abstracting somewhat from the ephemeral
character of the festivities which have hitherto marked
the progress of the Republic, we do acknowledge
that there is something too solemn in the joy of a
great nation rising to proclaim its independence to
admit of our indulgence in any coarse and idle sneers
at such harmless tokens of popular exultation. Re-
cently the evidence of happiness in the political
sensibility of the French people has extended from
Paris to the departments. The Pas de Calais has
been the scene of these rejoicings. A splendid fete,
half civic, half martial, has just terminated in the
noble city of Boulogne-sur-Mer, which, taken in
connexion with the late festivals of the metropolis,
is indicative of the sentiments which inspire the
thirty millions of the French population. Amidst
these spectacles of deliberation in the National As-
sembly and of enthusiasm in the streets, a grand
structure is rising up—the structure of the Re-
publican Constitution.

Legislators, like actors, when the metropolitan
houses close for the season, proceed to fulfil their pro-
vincial engagements, and, as tragic actors occasionally
amuse our provincial brethren by appearing in farce,
and as low comedians on such occasions are permitted
sometimes to act high tragedy, so do the stars of the
legislatorial firmanent not unfrequently appear in the
provinces in a line of character perfectly different
from that in which they have acquired their fame on
the metropolitan boards. The great Protectionist
leader bath followed the example of his histrionic
brethren. Lord STANLEY is out on a starring
exhibition, and commenced the first of a series
of provincial engagements on Thursday last at
Manchester, where he officiated as Chairman of the
Liverpool and Manchester United Agricultural
Society. It might have been expected from the
Protectionist performances of this accomplished
artiste on the metropolitan boards that we should
have had a repetition of those bitter denunciations of
the principle of competition with which he was wont
" to split the ears of the groundlings" in the chapel
of St. Stephen ; that remembering the wonders of
Tamboff, he would have again protested against the
iniquity of extending the range of rivalry against
which the British farmer has to contend ; but
whether it is that free-trade principles are en-
demic in Manchester, and that Lord STANLEY from
inhaling the air has caught the infection ; or whether,
like histrionic stars, he takes advantage of his pro-
vincial engagements to " case-harden " in a new
character before venturing to face a metropolitan
audience in it, certain it is that the speech of my
Lord STANLEY, on Thursday, was altogether in
support of the principles of free trade and unlimited
competition, and that never were the agriculturists
more severely rated for their ignorance, their bigotry,
their wilful neglect of their own interests, and their
obstinate opposition to all improvement, than they
were by the leader of the party of the "Farmers'
Friends." It appears that for many years past there
have been separate agricultural societies for Liver-
pool and for Manchester, which are now united, and
that this is the first meeting of the united society,
In alluding to this union Lord STANLEY, after
stating it as his opinion that at the earliest stage of
agricultural improvement small societies may be best,
as being more calculated to arouse the spirit of
rivalry and competition in the first instance, thus
proceeds :
" But the spirit of rivalry once excited and brought
into action, the extension of the range of the society, ix.
my judgment, tends to increase the amount of the
stimulus, and the extent of the competition.—(Hear.)
It brings the competitor into cln tact with his neighbour.
and into a range of an infinitely superior description to
that which it was in his power to attain in his own less
limited range; and his views and feelings being thus
raised, lie makes efforts towards a higher scale of excel
lence, and those efforts must ever be succeeded by the attain
meat of that object which the competitor has in view."
Could IticuaßDConneN himself have laid down the
advantages of free-trade and unlimited competition
more broadly than my Lord STANLEY has done
Apply these principles to the question of free trade—
" The extension of the range of the spirit of rivalry
tends to increase the amount of the stimulus, and
the extent of the competition, and by raising the
views and feelings of the person so entering into such
competition, induces him to make efforts towards a
higher scale of excellence, which efforts mast ever
be succeeded by the attainment of that object which the
competitor has in view." An excellent and a truthful
principle, but one which we should scarcely have ex-
pected to find enunciated by a Protectionist leader,
inasmuch as it completely answers all the Pro-
tectionist arguments. Competition produces
efforts towards a higher scale of excel-
lence, which efforts must be successful; but protec-
tion avowedly checks competition, therefore protec-
tion prevents the attainment of a higher scale of ex-
cellence. We thank the Protectionist leader for his
syllogism, and recommend him to follow out his own
principles (whether of competition or protection) to
their legitimate consequences. His remarks towards
the conclusion of his speech are such as when made
by RICHARD COBDEN (for they are almost all bor.
rowed from RICHARD COBDEN), during the course of
the Anti-Corn-law agitation, used to draw down upon
him the: indignant denunciations of the Protec-
tionists as a libeller of the farmers, and a

sower of strife between landlord and tenni

" Though much has been clone, much remains to be
done," says my Lord STANLEY—an admission and a
complaint made by RICHARD COBDEN any time
during the last ten years. Every one remembers the
great outcry which was raised against Mr. COBDEN
by Mr. TATTON EGERTON and the Cheshire squires
on account of his observations on the ill-drained rushy
farms of that county ; we find the same complaint, in
nearly the same words, made of the same farms, at
this meeting, by my Lord STANLEY, in the presence
of Mr. TATTON EGERTON, who by his silence
admits the truth of the accusation. llow
indignant was Mr. GEORGE BANLES against
the members of the Anti-Corn-law League
for venturing to insinuate that a landholder might
neglect his duty. What will the Cursitor Baron of
the Exchequer say to the more than insinuation of
Lord STANLEY—" While on the one hand justice
requires I should thank those landlords who have
liberally come forward to assist their tenants in their
attempts to improve, and shown so great a desire
for their welfare and the prosperity of agriculture by
their presence this day, I must also express my
regret that we have not the pleasure of seeing a
larger proportion of the landed proprietors of the
country." In fact, in every sentence he utters, my
Lord STANLEY bears testimony to the truth of some-
thing that the members of the Anti-Corn-law
League have said, and, to crown the whole,
he unwittingly admits that it is owing to
what they have done that we are indebted
for the present improved state of our agriculture.
"I am bound to say that, within my own knowledge
and observation," says my Lord STANLEY, " there
has been a general improvement of farms, in the ge-
neral agricultural system, in the science adopted; and
in the practical application of the science to the land
on the part of the tenant-farmers in Lancashire and
Cheshire, there has been a very great and marked 2.91-
proventent during:the course of the last twelve years."
It is now just about twelve years since Mr. VILLIERS
first commenced agitating in Parliament the question
of the repeal of the corn-laws. We congratulate the
members of the Anti-Corn-law on the: testimony
thus tardily borne to the truth of their principles and
the success of their efforts, by the most talented and
the most eloquent, but the most reckless and the most
unscrupulous of the-ir former opponents.

---
RAPID IMPROVEMENT OF MACHINERY.
Last year wo had a Talking Machine.
This year we have had Mr, Chisholm Anstey.
.Gracious PQedness ! what shall we have next year ?
L:L Punch.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
At noon the result of the election for Paris was
officially declared in front of the Hotel de Ville. It
was as follows :
Electors inscribed ... ... 400,804
Electors voting ... 240,657
Louis Napoleon ... 110,752
Fould 78,891
Raspail ... 66,963
The above are returned. The following had the
greatest number of suffrages after the successful can-

didates :
Thort4 ... 64,480
Cabet 64,375
Roger (du Nord) ... 61,482
Edmond Adam ... 54,507
Benjamin Delessort fils 49,337
Bugeaud ... 48,590
Emile do Girardin ... 26,885
Although RAUPAIL, the Socialist candidate, is, no
doubt, a mistaken man, yet he is as undoubtedly a
man of principle, and sincerely believes that the adop-
tion of Socialism would be for the benefit of his
country. But with regard to DELESSIIRT, the chief of
the spy department of the police under Louis PHI.'
LIM!, to BUGEAUD, the gaoler of the Duchess of
BERRI, the butcher of the Rue Transnonaine, the or-
ganizer of the massacres of Africa, and now the de-
voted !legman of HENRY V., the chosen of the Legi-
timatists, the slave of the parti pretre, and to
Emus DE GIRARDIN, the destroyer of ARMAND CAR-
REL, the associate of the DUJARRIERS, Ds BEAUVAL-
LoNs and DB CASSAIGNAGS, the jobber of peerages,
who, JUDAS-like, has accepted the Republic solely for
the sake of betraying it ; they are mere self-seekers,
and it is with unfeigned delight that we find their
names at the bottom of the poll.
The following article on the elections, which ap-
pears in the National, may be supposed to speak the
sentiments of the Government :
" MM. Bonaparte, Fould, and Raspail have been
elected. This result has little surprised us, and does not
give us the least uneasiness. It is, however, useless to
deny that it does not respond to our wishes and our
sympathies; but, such as it is, we accept it as the mani-
festation of universal suffrage, and on that ground it is
entitled to our respect. Not that we regret that the
majority of our fellow-citizens should have given their
votes to candidates whom we reject; but, as we said on a
former occasion, our political education is not complete;
opinion has its failings, and the public mind its errors.
Let us not feel irritation at the kind of vertigo which
carries away people who were but as yesterday called
upon to perform one of the most difficult acts of political
life—let us rather seek, by pointing out the right road,
to prevent their falling for the future into the false paths
into which they have for a moment been led. Who will
ever be made to believe, fur instance, that M. Raspail,
the apostle of doctrines rejected by the general senti-
ment of social preservation, represents the opinion of the
majority of Paris, with M. Fould, the man of figures,
the high priest of crown pieces, the ardent and fanatic
adorer of what is called the haute Banque t And Louis
Bonaparte? He looks higher still; he represents a
political idea, does he not? What idea? Apparently
that which he has found in the historical cocked hat of
his uncle. Supposing there had been one, you may be
sure that he had only taken the hat.
" We are not at a loss to explain to ourselves that in-
structive emotion which seizes men at hearing a famous
name, or that fanaticism which is inspired by a re-
nowned memory. The feeling proceeds from a noble
principle ; but it is blind, and for want of a man it some-
times happened that it is placed on a mannequzn. In the
cruel leisure which was imposed upon him by the Holy
Alliance, Bonaparte said, when at St. Helena, a grey
great coat, and a cocked hat raised on the end of a
cane would in an instant raise the whole of Europe.'
We now see how truly this remark is verified, at least
as far as regards France. ,Happily opinion is change-
able with us, and soon recovers from its surprise. Be-
fore a fortnight is at an end, the grey greatcoat and the
cocked hat will be on the ground, and nothing left stand-
ing but the cane."
The return of M. RIVET for Lyons is confirmed,
and that of Count MoLe for Bordeaux is announced.
For Lisle the contest between Louis NAPOLEON and
Colonel NEGRIER is very close. The following was
the state of the poll according to the latest ac •
counts :

N6grier
Louis Napoleon 15,048
De Genoude

General LEFLOT, the Ministerial candidate, has been
returned for Finisterre.
It is said to be the intention of the Bonapartists to
get up a grand triumphal procession on the occasion
of the entrance of Loma NAPOLEON into Paris.
This intention has created serious alarm, which has
not been decreased by the collection of mobs
at the Porte St. Denis, at the Bourse, and
in the Rue Rambuteau, which have been
dispersE.d by the military. Considerable rein-
forcements of troops entered Paris on Wednesday
evening, and they are all kept in barracks ready for
action.

It is considered that the result of the Paris elections
will lead to some change in the Ministry, and both
Red Republicans and Reactionaries are making offers
of assistance to General CA VA ICI NAC. The Reds re-
quire the admission of LEDRU ROLLIN and FLocoN
into the Cabinet, the abolition of the 4.5 centimes ad-
ditional impost, and the appointment of Ledru
Rollin-nominated commissiaries to the prefectures
of the various departments. The Reactionaries require
the appointment of MM. DUFAURE, LEON nit MALES-
mix, and General BEDEAU as Cabinet Ministers,
and the adoption of what they call a moderate line of
policy, the meaning of which is, that General
CAVAIGNAC may be nominally President, on condition
that M. TIIIERS is Viceroy over him.
The Irish rebel DOHENY has arrived in Paris.
These papers publish the following account of the
disturbances at Elbosuf :
" The agitation which has been apparent for the last
few days amongst the workmen at Elbauf began on
Monday last to assume a more serious character. The
cloth dyers in that place had been in the habit of re-
ceiving 35 sous per day of eleven hours, and by work-
ing extra hours, at the rate of 25 centimes per hour,
they brought it up to 2f. or more. Since the promulga-
tion of the law fixing the minimum of the day's
labour at 12 hours, several of the masters made
known to their workmen that they would continue to
pay them 2f. per day, but that they must consent to
work twelve hours; if they objected to this the wages
would only be 35 sous as before the revolution. As to
the weavers, they before the revolution worked I3i hours
a day. After February the day's labour was reduced to
11 hours, without any diminution of wages; and now the
ut the same
for pay 3
manufacturers demand 12 hours' work without making
any change in the payment. According to this last ar-
froarnglT
hoursent asthe workmen
beforewo u l d
thereceiveevo I r
they did
hours.

"On Saturday last many of the manufacturersll in-
formed their workmen that from the Monday following
they they would be expected to work twelve hours.
them submitted, others left, and others were heardm toot.
utter threats against their masters. Monday passed over
pretty quietly until seven o'clock in the evening, the
time when the day's work was finished at the old time of
eleven hours, when large crowds of the workmen began
to assemble, and some of the youngest amongst them
were excited by the more ill-disposed to throw stones at
several of the manufactories where the extra hour's
work was continuing. The disturbance, thus commenced,
was not long in gaining strength ; the crowds increasetl
and went to several of the principal establishments,
where the glass was smashed in, and tho most violent
threats were made use of against the masters and
against those workmen who had consented to work for
tbo twelve hours.
"The National Guards were called out and instantly
assembled. At the same time the delegates of a club,
known under the name of the Soci6l4 des Travailleurs,
went to the Mairie and offered to restore order if they
were allowed to act. Their services were accepted, but
it was soon seen that they had not the slightest influence,
and they were requested to retire unless they wished to
expose themselves to be treated in the same manner as
the rioters.

"The authorities displayed the greatest firmness, and
the National Guard, who had assembled without the
rappel being beaten, were most zealous in their exer •
tions. Measures of repression wero instantly adopted,
and the rioters fled in all directions before the armed
force. At nine o'clock the streets wero cleared, and
some of the National Guards wero allowed to retire.
"The prefect had sent off an express to Rouen, when
a body of troops were put under orders to bo ready to
march at a moment's notice. This display of activity
and force proved to the badly disposed that they had no
chance of success in causing any further disturbance in
a town the prosperity of which depended on the pre-
servation of order.

" A judicial inquiry has bee❑ set on foot, and several
of the ringleaders have been arrested, and there is every
reason to hope that the disorder will not be renewed.
" A proclamation has been issued by the prefect, ad-
dressed to the workmen, pointing out to them the folly
of their conduct, and assuring them that all acts of vio-
lence would be punished with the utmost severity of
the law."

The National Assembly, yesterday, agreed to the
sth, 10th, 11th, and 12th articles of the Constitution.

BOURSE—PA-MS, THURSDAY, SEPT. 21.
THREE O'CLOCK.—The Stock Market opened with
firmness to-day, but towards the middle of the day there
was a sudden panic, in consequence of a rumour that
disturbances were expected to night, and that General
Cavaignac had resigned. The consequence was a fall of
fully 1 per cent. on the French Rentes. The market
closed very weak. Bons du Tr6sor not quoted; Bank of
France Shares have fallen 15f. Exchange on London,
thirty days, 25 27b; ditto, 90 days, 25 171.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, SEPT. 21.
Boulogne and Amiens, 574—Northern of France, 6%

Orleans and Bordeaux, I—Paris and Lyons, s—Paris and
Rouen, 16,4.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the the 16th have arrived.
The Espana comments on the absurdity of which
General PAVIA has been guilty in systematically
underrating, in his dispatches, the Carlist forces in
Catalonia, by which he has deceived the Government
and the public, and suffered the insurrection to became
formidable.

The run on„the Bank continues, but NARvAnz,
under pretence of keeping the passages clear for the
public who are desirous of getting change, has occu-
pied the approaches to it with police, who prevent
persons from passing—an ingenious method of avoid-
ing a suspension of cash payments.

MADRID BoLsa., Sr.P 16. Three per Cents.,
19 9-16 buyers, j sellers. A small operation was
done in Five per Cents. at 11k cash; they are quoted
at 101- buyers after the close. Coupons, I sellers,
Passive Debt, 31 sellers. Bank Shares, 48 sellers.
Exchange on London, 48.