The Sun.
London, England, 1846-04-13 00:00:00

LON DON, MONDAY • Bff ,j:._

No. 16,7 I 2.

smeammonceunumacscsaco
NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFi-,2, ASSat
ANCEI SOCIETY,
26, CORNIIILL, LONDON
Capital eboo.ooo.
Empowered by Act of Parliarnet
This Institution ail,re important and Fratetantial adven
tages with respect both tx Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities
The assured has, on all ocess.ons, the power to borr ow. without ex-
pense or forte:tare of the Policy, two-thirds o; the premium paid;
!see table); also the option ot *electing benefits. SITP i the conv,rsion
of hi , inter,,sts to meet ether converi .nce...r ueoesiity. Assurances.
for terms of years are granted onthe lowest possible rittew.
DIVISION OF PKOFIT..
, .
The success ari inercssing prosperity Cl Vie tioeety has enabled
The utrectors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a third
Beams, varying from Su to 75 per cent. on the premiums paid on
,ach Policy erected on the. Profit stale.

EXAIKPLigI

\7 @k!)
r
E gs"i6
`;".vg.

„ ,'"4, Bonus Bons
Premium.
hdded. Cash.

6011000 74 3 d 1837 $l9l 13 51.687 13 61£13,17 1 t 395
X X 8.
1838 168 13 0 74 13 6011000 4 38 6 346 2 3
4 1839 • 138 13 6 61 14 10
11
3 9 210 296 13 4
1840 89 00.41 13 4 60 0 247 4 5

The d,rision of profits is annual, and the next will he made in De-
cm3er of •be present 5 ear

F. FERGUSON CAMROUX. See?

PROMOTER LIFE ASSURANCE and AN-
NUITY COMPANY,
9, CHATHAM-PLACE, BLACKERIARS, LONDON.
Established in 1826.

DIRECTORS.
Wm. Goodenough Hayter, Esq., 1 Robert Palk, Esq.
M.P. 1 John Louis Prevost, Esq,
Charhis Johnson, Esq. Samuel Smith, Esq,
John Towgood Kemble, Esq.
John G. Shaw Lefevre, F.R.S,

ILe Marchant

comas,

TRUSTEES.
. .
John Deacon. Esq. ; John G. Shaw Lefevre, Esq., F.R.S. ;
Charles Johnston, Esq.

This Society is supported by a suhscri‘ed Capital of 240,0001., and
by a considerable accumulated premium fund.
Assurances are effected at a low rate of premium, without profits,
or at an increased premium, with participation in the profits of the
Office.
The following are the annual Premiums required for the assurance
of XlOO on a healthy life in either case:—

EASTER HOLYDAYS.
Wove Wes of extrem Interest and toforsh -Hon at the

r OYAL POLYTECHNIC` INSTITUTION
Scenes In the OREGON TERRITORY form a p:krt of All en-

tirely NEW SERIES of DISSOLVING VIEWS. PORTRAITS of
the most Distnignished.Men in the SIKH GOVERNMENT and
ARMY of LAHORE, magnified by the OPAQUE MICRO' COPE ;
al,o, Portraits of Sir Henry Hardinge, Sir Robyn and Lady Sale.. The

PE and' CIiROMATItOPE, wth - new and beautiful
variations. The most into: eating of the Novelties at work are
MACINTOSH'S ROTARY ENGINE, COLEMAN'S PATENT
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE for ascending and descending Inclined
Planes, FAIIRELL'S ARCHtMEDIAN RAILWAY. a•i ENVE-
LOPE CUTTING MACHINE, M'OOD'S NEW PATENT STEAM-
ENGINE GOVERN° and the ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY.
Experiments with the DIVING BELL and DIVER. Lectures on
CHEMISTRY and NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, with brilliant ex-
periments.

Adtl7lB3lon, is. ; Schools, Half-price.
A brief Description of the Oregon Territory, from Notes by a Nine
'ears' Resident, presented to the Visitors.

ENERAL TOM THUMB'S FAREWELL
‘..31- LEVEES at the EGYPTIAN HALL.—EASTER WEEK.—
All Tickets tat have been issued will be received, notwithstanding
their dates. The little General apnea's in all tihe costumes and per-
or "antes In which he had thc distinguished honour of appearing
three times before her Majesty, and before all the principal Courts of
Europe.

Hours from Half-past 'Twelve to Two; Half-past Three to Five;
and Half-past Seven to Nine o'Clock. Admission, Is.; Children,
Half- price. . _ .

After Nine o'clock he appears at the Lyceum Theatre.

EARLY HAY HARVEST.-RICK CLOTHS,
with Poles, Punka, and Lines, complete.

No flamer should be without a good rick cloth, for it is
certainly one if the most ustful things he can hat. u his pro-
mtees."—Gardener's Gazette.

Rick Cloths, both New and Second-hand, at a reasonable eat,
at BENJAMIN EDGINGTON'S, 2, Duke-street, Southwark.

Early application wilt ensure prompt attention. ♦ Warehouse at
205, Yicciulilly. Marquees, Tents, Flags, Netting and Bunting for
Fruit Trees, Railway Truck Covens, &e.

R°wLAND:'S MACASSAR OIL
preserves and reproduces the Hair ; prevents it from falling
off or turning grey ; restores grey hair to its original eolear ; frees it
from scurf and dandrilT, and renders it soR, silky, surly, and glossy
—facts abundantly preyed by innumerable iestimoalais, which are
open for inspection at the proprietors. As a mild stimulative, cer-
rixtive, and preset vature agent, ROWLAND'S MACAsSAR OIL
has the exclusive patronage e 1.% the several !irreverent; and Crum.. o 1
Europe, and svith rank, fashion' and discernment, supersedes all
preparations of professed et uilar import. A small pamphlet accom-
panies each bottle of R rwiand's Macassar Oil, wherein important
hints ana advice will V found on the culture of the hair of infancy,
and on its preservation and beauty through the several stages el
human life.
CA UTIO.N.—Ur principled ihopkeepers, for the sake of gaining a
trifle mere profit, vend the most spurious trash under the title of
"Macassar Oil." It is therefore imperative on purchasers to see that
the words HOWL &ND'S MACASSAR OIL, are in two lines
on the wrapper of each bottle, and oa the inside of
the wrapper nearly 1,500 times, containing 29,828 letters.—
Price 3e. 6d., 7s. Family Bottles (equal to four small), les. Gd., and
double that size. 21s. per bottle.--Sold by the Proprietors, A. ROW-
LAN I t and SON, 30, Hatton-garden. Lemke, and by Cluanlyls and
Perftunens.
••• All other Macassar Oils art Fraudulent CeunterNts.

THE SUEZ CANAL.

COMIUNFIATION BETWEEN THE MEDITER
RANEAN AND RED SEA.
' (Fr• m Villa (ratios, of April 4, 1846.)
" The waters shall fun from the sea, and the brooks
of defence shall be dried up."—Liaish. •
When one e asts MO.'S eyes over the Isthmus of Suez.
one is tempted to reproach nature, which has protracted
the Red -a, between Asia and Africa for 500 leag,u. P.
• ith a deficiency of force to c.•nduct 30 leagues further
up to the Mediterranean. Why, one is prompted to in
quire. do we permit an isthmus of barren sands tra-
versed by the camel, that monotous " ship of the desert,"
to the other than a maritime strait, pl• ughed like the
Bosphorus or the Derdanelles by innumerable vessels
with streams of a thousand colours?
The undertaking of the Suez Canal is one of those
performances in which the princip'e of association will
have to perform the priseipal
part. It is at the same
time one of tt o,e which promises future teen the greatest.
enjoyments, and tends to awaken in the present
the brightest aspirations. The intercommunication
of the Red Sea and Mediterranean is a work of
harmony and
union of western and eastern civilisation ; that is to
P''ace ; for it tends to the intimate
say, of the two great dtvieons of human existence.
'this, moreover, is no new tendency. From time im-
memorial the idea of a canal communication across the
Isthmus has subsisted iii the wield. Never has man lost
sight of. this crowning work—steadily, faithful to the
conviction that it was destined for him at some future
day to repair the prerneditat• d oversight of nature, and
make a maritime wedding between the Red Sea and
Mediterranean.
The Pharoahs, those Titans of ancient times, who
erected the gigantic pyramids—dug lakes of a doze n
leagues in circuit, and converted granite mountains into
monolithic temples, found, it is probable, the junction of
the two seas a trivial opeiestinne---7.11-y-seseali, d the
reect of the junction or the rPoiiii-40. or eat4.,:t.:13 inane))
of- the 'Nile. by' eof the-Wady Tdinilat, ur
vale of Geshen ; and by the Bitter Lakes, whidi were
then contiguous to the Arabic Gulf. An ancient
tradition records that Meneliiiis, ftor the siege of Troy,
traversed the Isthmus of Suez in ord• r to visit Ethiopia.
He rodotu, info! ms us that Darius completed the canal
whi h led from the Pelusiac branch to the Bitter Lakes,
and which had been commenced by the successors of
Cambyses.
When, at a later period, the satels had filled up or
greatly obrructed, the Pelusiac branch, as well as a. por-
tion of the Bitter Lakes, it was foued necessary to dig or
clear the canal of ;he Nile from the Wady Tomilat to one
of the havigable branches of the river. This was the
system of communication which existed in the times of
Strabo and the Ptolemies.
In the time of the Fatimite Caliphs, there was scarcely
any other communication between Suez and Cairo but
through the interior of Egypt, by means of' the Canal of
r,ajan, which traversed the Wady Tomilat, and which
thus united Cairo with the Bitter Lakes. This latter
system was limited to the mere advantage of Egyptian
commerce. A railroad from Cairo might be advanta-
geously substituted for it.
It is sufficiently notorious that Napoleon, at the time
of the French e xpi ditien to Egypt, devoted his ambitious
mind to the great enterprise of cutting through the Isth-
mus. Accordinc to the project of the French engineers
attached to that expedition, it was proposed to fill the
Bitter Lakes with water from the Nile, taken at its
height in Cairo, and conducted through the valley of
Tomilat. It was also proposed to clear the ancient
Canal of Suez to the Bitter Lakes (thirteen miles arid a
half in length), and feed it with water from the R. d Sea.
In conformity with this plan, the communication would
have traversed Egypt and the Delta, as in the times of
the Ptolemies. But the chief engineer, La Pere. who
headed the commission of numerous anti distinguished
engineers (including Fevre, St. Genie, Chabrol, Devil-
' hers, Duchenoy. &c.), proposed to combine with this
scheme the additional project of a canal proceeding due
north frointhe northern extremity of the Bitter Lakes,
and tertntrating on tt e Mediterranean at Tineh, near
the ancient seaport city of Pelusium. For this purpose
he took an elaborate and complete survey, recording in
the most masterly tranher all the levels of his projected
line, and the soundings required for the two seaports at
either extremity, which is preserved among the official
archives of the French Government. It may be briefly
remarked ttlat this important appendix to the project
would, if carried out as intended at the time of Napo-
leon's expedition, have effected a direct and permanent
union between the Red Sea and Mediterranean.
During his sojourn in Egypt, however` Napoleon did
no more than revive an ineffaceable idea and aspiration
immemorially handed down from age to t•ge. But it was
the destiny of that great genius to contend with men
rather than with nature, and it was not given to the last
of the now happily extinct race of conquerors to con-
quer the obstacles which the Isthmus of Suez opposes,
uniting the Mediterranean, where he first saw the hefts
with the ocean which witness, d his dying moments.
Peace has now reigned undisturbed for thirty years
among the governing- powers of the world. Modern
civilisation, which has been charged by some ascetic
spirits with irreligious tendencies, wily be said at this
moment to be accomplishing one of the most religious
achievements. It is everywhere crest'ng new and
humanising mede s of rapid communication by means of
railways and canals. Innumerable steam-vessels plough
all the seas of the globe. India and ('hina are open to
Europeans, and Japan will, on the first occasion, yield to
the resistless sway of the great civilising movement.
Already'has the ancient route from India by the Red Sea
been fully established, as far as concerns the transit of
costly wares, letters,
and passengers. The passage from
Bombay to London has been reduced to an average et
30 days ; and the desert from Suez to Cairo, in default.
of a railway', exhibits a tolerably goo.' road, regularly
traver-ed by omnibuses, and accommodated with stations
and hotels.
All things seem, therefore, to prepare the way for the
immediate solution of an important problem. namely,
the viability (viabilite)
of our globe. The undertaking
of the canal of Suez would augment the value ofthese
great European railways which terminate at Trieste. or
abut on the Msditerranuan. The bankers and capitalists
who have supported or constructed those railways, are
vitally interested in a free communication between the
two seas. That communicatthn constitutes in reality the
in ispensable completion of the entire chain of European
riti.ways. It will supply the last link and final rivet to
the system.
What system of communication should be adopted ?
What is the best mode of execution and of maragement
Afn r mature delibera,tien, our opinion is decided that
the 'communication should be direct, and maritime. The
medium by which the Red Sea and the Mediterranean
should be united must be an artificial Bosphorus. It
must be by art arm of the sea pr. jected across it, that
the istionue must be pierced. Cr. ated by human agency,
the Suez Bo phorus will have the manifest advantage
over the Bosphee us of Constantinople, viz, that of being
governable by locks. The Ittd Sea is thirty- two feet
higheese as is well known, than the Mediterranean ; four
locks would be amply ufficient for the difference of level.
At the north and south extremities of this great mari-
time canal two seaports are indispensable'. The harbour
of Suez must be deepened, and the roadsteads secured
by breakwaters. At old Pelusiutu (Tineh), on the Me-
diterranean, a harbour should be constructed with jetties.
Such is the principal work of communication. An
idea of it may be readily formed by throwing a glance
over any good topographical chart of the Isthmus.
To this m-iin work, two ttecessor3, but equally reef s-
sary, undertakings rnu-t be added; one a canal of Nile
waver, the other a railway from Cairo to Suez. 'The
last, however, may be ciismessed in a few words. Though
necessary. it may b transient, and it may be abandoned
or surrend: red to the Pacha, as soon as it has accom-
plished its main purpose—namely, of facilitating the
labours and accelerating the completion of the canal.
Provisions, water, tools, and workmen mey be conveyed
by it from Cairo to the scene of operations In three
hours, and the rails, which are partially reude, may h.
laid down in six months.
The second accessory undertaking is a fresh water
canal. This app• ars to the nuttier an indispensable sup
plement to the maritimecanal. It will permit the plantation
of the shores of this artificial Bosphorus, rendering them
as picturesque as those of the Be zentine Bosphorus. The
starting point of the freshwater canal being above the
barrage which the Pacha is now constructing, there will
be en "ceiling water I. Ned quite adequate to the protrac-
tion of the two rivulets- ene to the north as far a P'lu
slum, the other on the south to Suez, where fresh water
luxuriant
redundant with the a short period
e banks of the me,* •
nurse up on the ." . canal
and of
the Bitter Lakes a broad girdle of
v, petition
at present. is totally. defieunt. Then will.
products Of the
tropics. Then will the wilderness
"oln as the roc,'
the sands be restrained in their encroachments, and the
desert conquered. Then will the et
with the hues and re
sse s of all
traverse a verdant and smiling country,t_rough woods
nations
of palm trees arid meadows of sugar cane
Then will the surprised and delighted • and cotton.
navigator
as when boating down the Nile, the ere inhale,
roses, orange flower, and jessamine, evening perfume of
The fresh water canal, above indicated
direction of the Wady Tomilat, where , will follow the
aneif nt canal are still extant. This v traces of the
inun-
dations of' the Nile, is often covered with during inun-
water. The
inundation sometime s reaches the st,raP
ruins, and distinguished by the relles,':uln' a town in
f
a of
Serapis, celebrated formerly fir its cures ..eternePl"
salubrity of its atmosphere. The maritime canal w
r the
old
restore vitality to this important sthtioti, whichho
a middle distance between its twoeet,
extremities "Pll,',Pies
iere
we may fairly cslculate that a city would grow
one's- pertek'ne of a comnsereitil sod egrieulturalipChaat
meter. Old Pelusium also will again
arise f • •
from its
• ashes. It well heceme at onee agreeable •
sidenee. nerl a first •rhts cortimereiel ,sty,
of te-
(tits man-
' ner will a r are !sable rephecy ls, re
_,. In
realised—" Then shall
they rebuild the old wastes, I shall raise up the forma -r
'
desolations ; they shell re pair the mit - •
let cities and the
5 desolations of many generations."

DEsEnTiox of SEA APPRENTICES —The fregilent,
practice of desertion of ships hy. sea apprentices, especis'ly
in the coal, coasting, and c &mai timber trades, has become
li
,eli a source of annoyance to the ship-owners
, that soine..f
th. tip cootemplate memorializing the Government to enact a
law providing' that sea apprentices who shall be guilty of
desertion a second time shall, upon conviction, be sent to
serve out their apprenticeship on board a man-of•war.—
Nautical Standara. .