The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-23 00:00:00

OVER LAND MAIL

INDIA AND CHINA.

(From the Herald.)
We have received our files of newspapers from
tad
la and China, in anticipation of the Overland Cal-
etitte Mail. The dates are Calcutta, August 9 ;
rael August 15 ; Ceylon, August 19; Aden,
1114.2 ; China, July 25. The dates from Bombay
7e not later than those received by the last mail.
"le political news is not important.
The following is a list of passengers by the Pre-
or

- • -
11,744 peaskill, child, and servant ; Mr. George
43' ; Lieutenant Salmon, 57th Regiment Bengal Native
tifa
il•rY • Mrs. Wilson ; Captain Chinn, 31st Regiment
ngal Native Infantry ; Lieutenant-Colonel Spence,
bet
Majesty's 31st Regiment ; Lieutenant Meckleth-
iait, her Majesty's 53d Regiment ; Lieutenant Gabbett,
et Majesty's 31st Regiment ; Mr. Shearin ; Mr. Da-
; Mrs. J. Gordon and two children ; Captain G.
'aY, R.N. ; Mrs. D. G. Gordon ; Mr. J. Clifford ;
~r' and Mrs. Fisher ; Lieutenant Sorell ; Mr. Anto.
)4
144 ; Mr. Richardson ; Mr. Fraser and servant ; Mr.
3 and servant ; Lieutenant Aubaridi ; Captain Le
4.t4Y ; Mr. J. Robinson ; Mr. Griffiths ; Mr. C. J.
rblithllOt ; Rev. Peri Guillot.

CALCUTTA.
We take the following extracts from the Calcutta
,413ers
following
letter from Hyderabad, of the 25th ultimo, gives the
"The
intelligence :
Nizam has asked the Resident to arrange all
t 4 ',la necessary for the expulsion of the Rohillas, and
u,isPutes pending between him and his refractory
th.Thltalars, several of whom are now at the capital on
Resident's requisition. I believe it is expected that
ell
,„who have been invited mean to come in, with the ex-
tktur"°ll of the tributary Zumindar of Gudwal, who
ItiTILB to resist, and against whom the contingent troops
be ge employed—a denunciation which was made in
tit; 4.csident's circular letter to the Zumindars, as the
litiroative to which they would be exposed if his requi-
,°,ll was not attended to.
th:,the residency is now a busy scene; the accounts of
chief are under examination, and the Zumin-
-741.e placed on their defence for their rebellion.
4 conceive they will make a good case; they will
limWthat the Government was unjust and extortionate,
that they only did that to which they have a pre-
Ptive right, resort to arms to resist the unfair exac-
thts of the Government, and to plunder, to enable
tr-,' to support their troops, and to laying waste to dis-
tthe state, as the means of procuring fair terms.
44 measure of expelling particular tribes, rendered
4essary by the feebleness of the Government, which
111„tIct punish their offenders, is so extraordinary a one
lost one cannot at once make up his mind (certainly not
regard to its justice) as to its policy. I am told the
6'uent has reported to his Government, that this coun-
-14 contains about 8,000 Rohillas (I do not think there
wiiraore than 2,000). The expulsion of so large a body
ehi with their families, will amount to some thou-
tho, souls, will occasion severe distress ; but where are
thi: to go to, and how subsist ? Their expulsion from
kow,e°ontry will carry them into, and can carry them
h.cere but into, the Company's country, and they
bs't subsist by plunder. I hope their depredations may
40eckaitted upon the Company's country, as a lesson
Itl, t° send barbarous hordes adrift."—Englishman,
;Pat 7,
following is from Jullundur, dated 27th ult. :
; Since my last the face of political affairs has under-
-41,7 a change, and no longer wears the quiet aspect of
ike.taat few months. Ghoolab Singh, who has largely
etsed his army of late, has been called upon to re
lit,: it, give up possession of certain forts, and alter his
policy, particularly as to Cashmere, to all of
fit h in
triguing
f has refused compliance. His son is
fi;',,.Akbar Khan, and has publicly reproached his
ell,'r for his treachery to the Khalsah. In consequence,
tor
ofre, of the unsettled state of affairs the different
tes Lahore and in the Jullundur Doab will not be
i!eved this year at least. This is the report at Simlah.
ktia A bridge is to be built over the Sutlej at Belaspore,
Ike Military road made to connect Simlah with Jul-

1;14 411 investigation has been going on here, during the
too fortnight, regarding the murder of a man by a Ghoo-
Stt of the heads of the Seikh religion). He has been
tf Teti and put under a guard at the fort. The facts
Aititi'e ease are as follow :—The katwal of this place,
tkVeveral subordinates, were dispatched to Kuppoor-
-4a,"", to recover some treasure said to have been con-
hs to ted there by the Raja of Ludwah. The treasure
the meantime found or taken possession of by
teE Ghooroo, who bribed all the parties sent, and they
httliiriled empty-handed. The murdered man, thinking
t)da4 not received his share of the plunder, threatened
kilrdiselose the affair, upon which the Ghooroo had him
k%bered• When arrested, documents were found on
written by himself, giving small quantities
4 lett— t° the parties concerned as hush-money ;' also
itthiber Stating that it was useless trying to bribe the
64,,,5,a4 they never took bribes. It is said he will be
It va'l.l7ll3'ee" Mr. John Lawrence returns from Simlah.
being ahirttiler a dangerous step, in consequence of his
eutraged, g" Priest, and the feelings of the Seikhs thereby
It:t,T;tie 3/hall Hill chiefs are in a very discontented
etc' consequence of their not having received any
cl:*nSation for the delivery of the Forts."—English-
, Aug. 8.
atLetters from the north-west state the general belief
ia large army will be collected upon the frontier,
'4ttlediately after the rains, and some do not hesitate to
ress the opinion that another march to Lahore will
Place next Christmas.—lbid.

CHINA.
HONG-KONG, JULY 2,5, 1846.
most important event that has occured since
t; date of my last letter has been a riot at Canton
oi a more than usually serious description. The
eltness of its origin only shows the intractable
" of the mob, and their ripe malignancy towards
English. I extract the Mails account of the
1),41; as being the fullest and most authentic I have
en able to procure :
W:Tetween five and six o'clock on the afternoon of
i%.'nesday the Bth, an English merchant, an old resi-
the ,le China, was passing along the street leading from
Ith "laerican factories to Chungwo, or Mingqua's Hong,
Ititehil he was impeded by a crowd of idle Chinese,
that as are generally to be found loitering about in
tfhi neighbourhood. One of them he pushed out
Ss-3Way• upon which the Chinaman first struck him,
be threw a stone at him, and afterwads ran away.
tiv,Yists pursued and caught near Mingqua's Hong; and
itif,l been dragged inside, was bound to a post until
tiBflrren station of what had occurred was sent to the Bri-
ef
Consul. In the meantime, however, the man con-
to, e;n to escape, but was a second timecaught by another
e,:gp resident, and brought back to the Hong. A
el:'4 now began to gather outside, and believing them-
-108 sufficiently powerful to wreak their vengeance on
terereigners, they forced open the gates of the Hong,
hi'llsd the man, and stoned the foreigners who had taken
Rttlig„e in the house. The mob, which had by this time
Diu Y increased, now began to batter the doors and
th-4ews with stones, brickbats, &c. and attempted to fire
11,4 OUilding by throwing in crackers and other lighted
This state of matters continued until about
14 'Past seven, P.an, when it was decided to throw open
Porgates of the American Gardens, where the greater
'°ll of the foreign residents had collected with fire-
erptna• They divided themselves into companies, with each a
tpttliliitealader. One division faced towards Old China-street,
tit4"e another marched round to the front of Ming-
4's Hong. The mob, having previously over-mastered
4,7
driven off the Chinese police, stood their ground in
s ,Ina-street and beyond Mingqua's Hong, and sent
s4trfect storm of stones and brickbats at their oppo-
Vita, who returned the compliment with a volley of
sla's• This bad the effect of clearing the place, and the
tie': moved off, leaving, according to the most probable
'tint four dead and ten or twelve wounded, though
Lumbers are variously given, the highest being
thirteen killed and twenty wounded. In the proclama-
of the Chinese magistrate Sz' the casualties are
stated to have been three killed and six wounded. On
the
other side three persons were hurt, one, a Parsee,
father severely. When the fray became serious, in-
%elatin was given to the Chinese authorities, by
kt,nal a body of soldiers and armed police was sent,
greets
the were now very useful in clearing the
,10,rests ; but their influence only began to be felt
k'ttteell, the foreigners had proved themselves more than a
0, for the rabble. To guard against another attack,
t foreign community patrolled the streets during the
In the meantime assistance had been sent for from
th:nrePoa. Captain Steen Bille having fortunately
,-,lleed (to be at Canton, dispatched an express for a
Rak,tY of the sailors and marines of the Danish frigate
I
his command, who arrived in boats in tow of the
ersair steamer; messages were likewise sent to the
ellif,glish and American merchant vessels, so that in the
01,-,,tri,ing the foreigners mustered in great force, suffi-
koz4 at all events to keep their assailants in check. The
11"1", however, remained quiet, probably thinking the)
1--`, had enough the previous evening, and that with
eu reinforcements they would fare still worse were
obeyto try a second encounter; for though threats of
er,ll,,geance were rife, and foreigners next day were
there
and insulted as they passed along the streets,
tttebrie has not since been any further outbreak. Pro-
..tY, therefore, there will be no demand on the sei-
toew.„„s of her Majesty's ship Vestal, which was dispatched
yvharapoa on Sunday, and being under orders for the
es he will not, we presume, delay her departure
„ Uld everything be repartFd quiet in Canton—thus
Ace
tii more leaving our countrymen there to depend on
,
own stout hearts, with such assistance as fortune
'3, send them."
It is worthy of remark that, upon this and the
137
,11 other occasion of a serious outbreak at Canton
since the war, we have been solely dependent on
foreign vessels for assistance, though a British fleet
Maintained in the China seas ostensibly for the
protection of British commerce ; and though it is
an
t,express stipulation in the supplementary treaty
open
a vessel of war is to be stationed at each of the
Len Ports. The article (X) bears the • marks of
'thg been introduced by the Chinese, as it states the
;Arno
• '4l t 9 be the enforcement of good order and disci-

pline among the British merchant shipping ; but the
true design must have been to ensure British subjects
that protection which the Chinese authorities were
aware they could not always give them. At all
events there stands the obligation, which in the case
of Canton, the most requisite and essential, has never
been observed, except when after an alarm a ship is
dispatched too large to get beyond Whampoa, in
place of a steamer anchored off the factories. The
principal portion of the fleet is with the Admiral at
Borneo, and the Pluto, steamer, the only vessel
suited to the service required here would have
joined him, had she not encountered a typhoon on
her way, and being heavily loaded with coals and
stores, was unable to contend against it. Having
lost both sails and rudder, and sustained great
damage from the storm, she was driven on the rocks
to the S.E. of Hong-Kong, where the Vestal, under
orders for the north, and to have sailed next day,
went to get her off, an operation that occupied a
week. In the meanwhile the riot took place, and as
the Wolverine, the only other British vessel in port,
was undergoing repairs, she was unavailable ; so
several days after quiet had been again restored, and
the Danish seamen and marines had returned to their
ship, by this time in Hong-Kong harbour, the Vestal
proceeded to Whampoa, and has since been replaced
by the Wolverine, where there is no certainty that
she will remain permanently, or until relieved. The
foreigners at Canton are not a little exasperated at
their being left to the mercy of an infuriated mob,
and have addressed a remonstrance to the Consul, in-
tended to be forwarded to the Government, complain-

ing of the infraction of the treaty, and calling to re-
membrance the Governor's proclamation of the 18th
of May, wherein the reason assigned for our not im-
mediately availing ourselves of the Emperor's per-
mission to enter the city is, that "the populace of
Canton cannot at present be controlled by the local
authorities." Such is the character of the people
amongst whom so much life and property is left un-
protected by any portion of our large fleet in the
East. The subject you will find amply discussed in
the newspapers herewith sent, from one of which—
the China Mail—l cull a few "further particulars"
of the proceedings at Canton :
" On the present occasion the native shopkeepers
and others in the neighbourhood of the factories give
no countenance to the mob, not from any especial love
to the foreigners, but because by their energy and de-
termination they prevented Mingqua's Hong from being
set on fire. The shopocracy are therefore loud in their
praises of those who have probably saved their property
from destruction, for a fire once begun in Canton is not
so easily subdued, and in the confusion consequent
thereon the loss of property from robberies is generally
very great.
" The same feeling, however, does not extend to the
gentry and scholars, who encourage the popular preju-
dices against foreigners ; and much less is it found
amidst the lowest of the people, who ;at Canton are
formidable from their numbers, and want nothing but
opportunity to accomplish what they long for, the plun-
der of the factories. The constituted authorities are be-
lieved to be sincerely desirous to keep the peace, but
with such materials to work upon must have great diffi-
culty in doing so. The late proceedings, though they
have issued in the slaughter of several of the just
people,' do not seem to have been greatly disapproved of
by their rulers, if we may judge from the edict issued
by Hwang, the Lieutenant-Governor, on the day follow-
ing the riot :
" Hwang, by imperial commission governor of
Kwangtung, having just learned that those who live in
the neighbourhood of the thirteen factories and the out-
side countrymen have been quarrelling and fighting, it
is out duty with equity to investigate who is in the right
and who is in the wrong, and to put a termination to
the matter. If the conduct of the outside countryman
is bad, we will never do injpstice to the inside people.
Do not, then, by collecting together, excite disturbances
and violate the law, so as to be apprehended and exa-
mined by us. A special edict oppose not.
",‘Taultwang,26th:year (Intercallary), sth month, 6th
day (9th July).
" Such proclamations are not calculated to propitiate
the multitude, and it is notorious that in proportion as
Keying and Hwang adopt an impartial and liberal course
of policy, they are in disfavour both with the enlight-
ened gentry and righteous people of Canton.' "—China
Mail, July 16.
" Our Chinese correspondent has since supplied us
with the original of the following more formal document
published by Sa' the magistrate of the district where the
riot occurred. It seems very ingeniously drawn up; for,
though as might have been expected, it lays the blame
upon the English, the good people,' who have even
suffered injury are significantly warned of the conse-
quences of mingling themselves up with those whose sole
object in creating disturbances is plunder. Sa' assumes
it to be impossible in such commotions to distinguish be-
tween the good plants and weeds, and that in the event
of a breach of the peace, both will be taken and treated
alike.

" Sz', acting chief magistrate of Nan-hai Hien, with
great earnestness makes proclamation:—
" Whereas, upon the night of the 15th of the present
moon, the English having a quarrel with our people,which
arose from some altercation or petty cause, fell to using
their fire-arms, the result thereof was that three men
were killed and six wounded. The English were as-
suredly in the wrong.
" Fearing that the disturbance, which was not yet
over, would cause the lawless to avail themselves of the
opportunity to plunder the shopkeepers and inhabitants,
and commit other abuses I, therefore, communicated
with the officers commanding military posts, that they
might bring down troops and police, to form a cordon,
and block up the streets for the protection of the quar-
ter. I again made examination of the killed and
wounded, and, according to their real state, presented
my report to the authorities, with a request that orders
might be given to the English Consul, to the effect that
on discovery of the guilty* they might, as the laws re-
quire, and according to the degree of their offences, be
severely punished. The officers of Government are to
the people as fathers and mothers to their children. As
for those who have had the misfortune to meet with this
untimely calamity, justice shall assuredly be done them.
My only fear is that you, the people, making pretext of
requital, should repeat the irregularity of assembling in
crowds, whereby those who are in the right, changing
their ground, would be ranked with those who are in the
wrong; once, too, that you have thronged together, it
is hard to be sure that, mingled amongst you, there
are no vagabonds profiting by the opportunity to rob
and plunder, whence calamity falls upon the shopmen
and inhabitants; then, from the difficulty of distinguish-
ing the honest and those of ill growth, both are appre-
hended and tried together. As for the bad characters,
who affect a zeal in the public servicP, that they may carry
out their unlawful intentions, crime is their vocation,
and it has ever been found useless to pity them; but you,
the good, who do your duty contentedly, and who from
the excitement of the moment join in their cry, anti
mingle with them, thus losing your position through
their ill deeds, and becoming with them obnoxious to the
punishment of crime, how can we but pity you? It is
my duty to issue immediately and with earnestness a
proclamation. Wherefore I hereby make proclamation
to all classes of men dwelling in the neighbourhood, to
inform you, that you must await the investigation of all
that has previously occurred by the superior officers of
Government; you must each and all in tranquillity pur-
sue your avocations; nor must you, by raising a cry of
retribution, revive disorder, and give cause to other
troubles, the end whereof will be your own severe
punishment.
" My object is to keep peace in the quarter, and to
preserve sate your persons and houses, therefore do I
not spare to repeat again and again my warning by pro-
clamation. Let every good man beholding this believe
the best of my heart, and tremblingly obey. Let none
resist a special edict.'
" This proclamation was followed by another next
day, more earnestly enforcing its injunctions, and stat-
ing that during the riot a native jeweller's shop had been
robbed. The tone of both documents is calculated to
show the people that there is a very different order of
things now from that which existed before the war,
when an event like this would have broken off all in-
tercourse with the foreigners, and instead of a brief
announcement of the casualties, life for life would have
been insisted on as a preliminary to any negotiations
whatever. It was reported that the people demanded
this of their rulers, but the subject is not even alluded to
in Sz's proclamation."

We have very limited means of judging of the
probable effect on the populace of such remon-
strances, but more efficient measures may be ex.
pected from Keying, on his return from a tour of in.
spection through the extensive .provintlbs under his
rule. To our own Government, however, we must
look for assistance, and but for the fact of the har-
bour having been cleared by the Governor of all the
vessels (except the Wolverine, under repair) the
admiral had left, General D'Aguilar is just the man
to have ordered it to be rendered.
What the object of the Governor's visit to the
north may be has not been officially announced. It
was said that he was going to Chusan to make formal
delivery of the island to the Chinese authorities; but
as a personage of less importance might have per-
formed the ceremony, and as it must be over (his
Ex-
cellency having sailed in the Vulture steamer three
weeks ago) before the Vestal can arrive, there must
be some other end in view—most probably a visit to
J apan, in order to try to re-establish English com
merce there.
I know Mr. Gut zlaff, the Chinese secretary, who
accompanied his Excellency, had been very busy
studying the Japanese language for some time
before, and I believe he took a native of Japan, who
speaks English fluently, along with him.
Government having persevered, in spite of the
clearest evidence of its disastrous effects on local
commerce, to carry out their instructions from home

*Cruel hands.

lin regard to the opium farm, brought the lease for
I the year 1846-7 to auction in the beginning of this
I month, but when the former rent, 1,710 dollars per
month, was named as upset price, every one
left the sale-room ; but the Governor, anxious to
have the matter settled before his departure, had the
lease again exposed two days after the first attempt
at 1,200 dollars. There was little competition, and
the price ultimately obtained was 1,560 dollars. So
that all hope of an increasing revenue from this
source seems to be at an end ; and Mr. Gladstone
may yet find that the decreased value of the farm
has been produced by the existence of the farm it-
self, since it has nearly extinguished the only com-
merce the place was ever likely to boast of; and
traders, of course, will not remain where there is no
trade.
The growing numbers and boldness of the pirates
on the river induced the Governor some time ago to
sanction one small gun-boat being built, and while
she was on the stocks ordered her dimensions to be
greatly lessened. It was quite evident that she was
unfit for the service intended ; and a fortnight ago
she had an opportunity of proving this, having been
beat off by two Chinese boats, which, after all, turn
out not to be pirates, but coasting junks. By such
peddling half measures we bring discredit on our
arms, and nourish the very evil to be put down, for
the Chinese pirates will soon find out how little they
have to fear from our hostility. The last news 1 hear
of them is, that they ten days ago made an attempt
on the fine schooner Torrington, as she was proceed-
ing with treasure and cargo to Whampoa. The fol-
lowing is the account of the affair given by her cap-
tain (Nell) :--
"After leaving Hong-Kong on Monday last, the 13th,
I noticed several large Chinese fishing-boats hovering
near us in the early part of the day. At this time I was
getting up and mounting my guns, six 6-pounders, and
having them loaded ready for service—our small arms
being on deck and in good order. At five P.M., the ebb
tide being strong against us, we were passing between a
group of islands and Lantso, near the end, when we ob-
served one of the above-mentioned boats run close up in-
shore of one of the islands out of the way of the tide,
and when he headed us sufficiently gradually drop past
us astern. I did not so much notice it at first until
again repeated, with the addition of another boat with
which he communicated. When ahead of us they
parted, one across each bow—the larger boat on the lar-
board side. The China pilot said, that boat no good—
he come alongside you.' I immediately cast the guns
adrift, kept the ship away a point, levelled the foremost
gun, and fired ; the shot passed close under his stern :
he still came on ; another was fired, and I under-
stand hit him in the stern. I did not see it, as I
was handing powder to the rest of the men. He
immediately about ship and stood off without
saying a word, and joined two other boats painted
black, but none of them having the appearance
of being fishing-boats. I had too little room, or
should have tacked ship and given him the starboard
broad-side. The other boat pulled away as fast as pos-
sible for Lantso. In the largo boat there were only
three men on deck. I saw one with a match ready to
light the fire-balls, and no doubt a number of men were
concealed below. It is my firm opinion that they were
bent on attacking us should it have fallen calm, or had
we anchored. A breeze sprung up, we outran them, and
anchored in Cumsingmoon at 11 P.M.
" On coming out the next morning the same boats
were in sight, but we had a breeze and left them.
"We had a quantity of treasure on board. A fast
boat passed us from Macao with Mr. Duus and two other
gentlemen, while we were fishing." _ _

- Since Macao was declared a free port it has been a
question how even the limited expenses of its govern-
ment were to be paid. The matter has been set at
rest by a decree of the Governor published in the
last Bolearn do Govern() de Macao, imposing a pro-
perty and income-tax of ten per cent. ; and though
there really seems to have been no other resource left,
the measure, especially the income-tax, goes very ill
down with the Portuguese, especially those who have
property unlet, and look for tenants in the English
and Americans, who have of late resorted to Macao
as a place of recreation. The following is a transla-
tion of the decree :
MACAO.—OFFICIAL DEPARTMENT.

The Governor of the province of Macao, Timor, and
Solor, has made the following decree in, council
" It being indispensable that the establishment should
possess the pecuniary means of meeting the public ex-
penses, I hold it expedient to decide upon the following :
" Art. I.—ln the City of the Holy Name of God,
Macao, a tax shall be imposed, and collection made of
one-tenth, in the manner herein set forth. _ _

"2. Subject to the tax of 10 per cent. shall be—
" Sec. 1. All farms or estates in town or country.
" Sec. 2. The rents, charges, and pensions, which en-
cumber these properties.
"Sec. 3. The interests and profits derived from all
branches whatsoever of industrial trade, commerce,
agency, dealing, handicraft, and whether exercised by
Portuguese or foreigners.
" 3. By the town properties, which may be let, or
shall be occupied by their proper owners, there shall be
paid 10 per cent., calculated upon the value of the rent
which they yiel, or which it shall be decided by arbi-
trament they are worth. -
" 4. By suburban estates shall be in like manner paid
10 per cent. upon the amount of their rent, or upon what
they are decided to be worth, should they be cultivated
on account of their proprietors.
" 5. By the quit rents, charges, and pensions, with
which any estates, whether in or out of town, may prove
to be encumbered, there shall be paid 10 per cent., either
at the cost of the real proprietors or of the tenant, if
there happen to be a contract to that effect. - "
" 6. The properties or pensions belonging to the public
revenue, which may be enjoyed by persons for their lives,
and those belonging to societies, fraternities, or any other
establishments or corporations, whose revenues are not
applied to pious purposes or benevolence, shall pay the
tenth of their income.
" 7. Exempted from the payment of the tithe shall
be— _ _

" Sec. 1. All properties belonging to the public re-
venue which may prove to be entirely estreated or
taken up by some department of the public service.
" Sec. 2. The building in which the Loyal Senate
holds its sessions.

" Sec. 3. The property of the fraternity of the Most
Holy, and the convent of the nuns of Santa Clara, and
the dwelling-house of its chaplain.
" 8. Subject to the payment of 10 per cent. upon the
profits to them resulting from their professions, handi-
craft, industrial trade, dealing, or agency, shall be—
" Sec. 1. Medical men, apothecaries, advocates, no-
taries, scriveners, solicitors, appraisers, and others exer-
cising similar dealings.
" Sec. 2. The employis of the Loyal Senate of the
Mizericordia and hospitals, who derive allotted salaries
from their respective funds.
" Sec. 3. The public functionaries, according to the
emoluments which accrue to them, at their proper cost.
" Sec. 4. The proprietors of workshops and all other
establishments of art or mechanical trade, and the
masters and tradesmen of the said trade and handicrafts.
" Sec. 5. The owners of warehouses, and houses of
sale for such articles as are made in the above trades, as
well as those of shops, magazines, or godowns for the
sale of millinery, jewellery, and other like articles.
" Sec. 6. The owners of ships and coasting vessels
which sail upon the open sea or upon the rivers.
" Sec. 7. The captains, masters, boatswains, pilots, and
boatmasters of these vessels.

" Sec. 8. Farmers and agriculturists according to the
profits which may accrue to them from the farms of
which they are tenants.
" Sec. 9. Proprietors of all cattle whatever.
" Sec. 10. Wholesale and retail dealers, whether on
their own account or on commission. _ _

. .... _
" Sec. 11. Book-keepers, clerks, and cashiers of naer-
chants, whether wholesale or retail, and of mercantile
houses, shops, and magazines.
" Sec. 12. Capitalists who may employ their funds
for themselves, or for intervening parties, or who make
their profit in houses of discount, or other similar esta-
blishments. _ . _

" Sec. 13. Those who owe money at interest, whether
on bond or otherwise, at the cost of their creditors,
not their own, if the loan be gratuitous. Should there
be any doubt of the acknowledgment of the debt, he
only can be held responsible for the tenth who shall
have made his declaration.

" 9. The declaration of debts subject to the payment o
the tenth, such debts liable to pay interest or not, shall
be made in the Loyal Senate, without reference to the
production of the titles which may prove them, the
affidavits of the creditors being sufficient.
" 10. When for any reason it may be impossible to
put a value on the income of parties liable to taxation,
there shall be imposed on them • a tenth, which shall
never be less than an amount corresponding to the tenth
of the rent of the houses they inhabit, nor more than
three times that tenth.
" Sec. 1. As regards such dealers as keep open shop,
the calculation for their tenth shall be made, in prefer-
ence, upon the rent of the shop, store, or godown which
they occupy (for trade), if this be larger than the pri-
vate house they inhabit."

GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.
His Excellency the Governor being about to proceed
to Chusan, the government of the colony will be admi-
nistered during his absence by the Hon. Major-General
D'Aguilar, Lieutenant-Governor.
B
Eyo
n,
go
Officiatingr, derj July
Victoria,l.llConAglTyl7, ClBetlo6n. ial Secretary.
" GENERAL ORDERS.

"By the Hon. Major-General C. 8., com-
manding the troops in China. Dated Head-quarters,
Victoria, Hong-Kong, July 3,1846.

" On the occasion of the evacuation of Chusan, and
final departure of the 98th Regiment, and the compsny
of Madras Artillery from China, the Major-General
commanding desires to express to Brigadier Campbell,
and to the respective commanding officers, officers, and
men of these two corps, his sense of their long and meri-
torious service in this country.
" The Major-General desires Brigadier Campbell will
make these sentiments known to Major Roberts, com-
manding the 98th Regiment, and to Captain Back, com-
manding the Madras Artillery, and he requests also the
Brigadier to accept his particular acknowledgments for
the unremitting manner in which he has watched over

the field discipline and interior economy of these troops,
as well as every other part of the important force com-
mitted to his charge.
" The Major-General will not fail to make known to
his superiors the value he has attached to Brigadier
Campbell's zealous co-operation ; and in taking this
public leave of the Brigadier, he desires that officer to
be assured of the Major-General's warm personal wishes
for his prosperity and welfare.
" (True extract.)
" J. BRUCE, Captain, Assistant Adjutant-General."

CON MERCIAT, INTELLIGENCE.
CANTON MARKET REPORTS.
(From the China Mail, July 20, 1849,.)
Gvzigaal, llpm4utts —Owing to"the late disturbance
having caused a great want of confidence, and to the
continued scarcity of money, the market for both im-
ports and exports has been in An eg,rcipely tiopvossed
state. T.,arge shipments are being made to Bombay, and
a few ships are loading for England. With the excep-
tion of these opprations, the stagnation ip tie market
amounts to a complete suspension of business.
• IMPORTS.
Cotton—The market has continued to fall, and is in
a most depressed state. New Bombay ranges 5.4 to 6 5
taels nett ; Banda, 6.8 to 7.8 ; and Madras, 5.1 to 7.
Even at these ruinous rates for Bombay, a great dullness
prevails, and holders evince no degree of firmness.
The following are the stocks and deliveries since the
20th ult.:—
Cotton. Deliveries. Stock.
Bombay, bales ~. 12,418 51,938
Bengal, „ 420 3,643
Madras, „ 937 9,589
America, „ 296 538

Total
At the correspending period of last year the stack
was 54,292 bales, and in 1844, 114,971 bales.
Cotton Yarn-We have not heard of a single sale
during the month. The stock is very small, and the de-
mand for the article healthy, but advices from England
communicate such unprecedentedly heavy shipments that
the desire to sell to arrive which has been evinced, has
had the same effect as if the articles were in the market.
The quotations long, are as follows :-Nos. 16 to 24, 30,
to 31.; Nos. 26 to 32, 31. to 33.; Nos. 32 to 42, 35. t 037.
Longcloths-Holders continue to evince the same
degree of firmness as mentioned last month; the fact
being that cash payments are quite out of the question,
and the export market affords no article of barter.
When the tea market opens operations will doubtless be
upon a more extensive scale, but the stocks will by
that time have accumulated considerably, rendering the
chance of improvement in prices but scanty. The sales
since the 20th ultimo have been on a very limited scale,
at 2.50 to 2.80 long, for 66 to 72 reed greys, and 2.25 to
2.60 for white.
American goods have receded in price, but operations
have been upon a fair scale-Drills, 40 yards by 30 in-
ches, command 3.35 to 3.40; and domestics, 40 yards by
40 inches, at 2.50 to 2.75.
Long Ells have pretty well maintained the improve-
ment noticed in our last, and assortments HH command
8.55 long; scarlet and purple are worth 9; mazarine blue,
8.80; brown, 8.50; gentionella, 8 dols.; black, 7.80; light
blue, 7.50; green, 7.20; yellow, 7 dols.; and ash, 7.20-
the mark 1 being quoted 10 to 25 cents. below those
rates.
Spanish Stripes also continue to maintain themselves,
and sales to a lair extent are reported at 1.15 to 1.30
long. Purples are quoted at 1.35 to 1.45 long; maza-
rine blue, 1 25 to 1.45; scarlet, 1.25 to 1.30; gentionella,
1.15 to 1.25; black and brown, 1.0.5 to 1.15; light blue,
90c. to 1.05; green, 60c. to 95e.; yellow, 75c. to 80e.;
ash and white, 60c. to 70c.
Camlets-We do not hear of a single sale-the no-
minal quotation for English being 18 dols. for SS, up to
22 dols. for D.
Lead-Has slightly improved, and may be quoted at
5.50 long.
Iron-Remains pretty firm, the following being the
quotations, long:-Nail-rod, 3 dols. to 3.20; bar and bolt,
2.00 to 3.10; hoop, 2.80 to 2.90.
Tin Plates-Are quoted at 6 dots. long, but we hear
of no sales.
Betel Nut-Remains extremely dull, with a consider-
able stock in importers' hands. The full quotations are
2.50 to 3 dols. long.
Rattans-Continue in fair request, and previous rates
fully maintained. Good Banjarmassing at 3.75 long ;
good strait 3 dols. to 3.25; and water 2.20 to 2.40.
Putchuck-Remains neglected at the extremely low
rate of 6 dols. long.
Cloves-Have remained dull at 25 dols. to 27 dols.
long.
Cochineal-Has fallen to 180 dols.
Rice-Has again fallen; Arracan, 1.20; cargo Manilla
and Belli at 1.60.
Opium-Malwa continues to droop ; very large quan-
tities have been sent to Woosung, and more is about to
be sent. The stocks here are very heavy; and the demand
languid. The present price cannot be quoted over 690
to 700 dols. Bengal has continued to be ruled entirely
by speculators ; the clearances have been upon a large
scale, and the stock much reduced. Strong efforts have
been made to buoy up the market, but the fear of the
bazaar drug coming on before the sth sale, and the low
rate it is expected that that sale will go at, has caused
importers wisely to meet the market. New Patna has
been as low as 585 dols., and large sales were made at
600 dols. It rallied, however, to 622.50 ; but clearances
having stopped, to-day's rate may be quoted 612.50.
Benares, from its scarcity, commands the same rate as
Patna. Old Patna is dull of sale at 675 dols. Turkey
is nominally 520 dols., with nothing doing.

(From the Times.)
We have received by extraordinary express, in an-
ticipation of the hi-monthly mail, our letters and
papers from Calcutta to the 7th ultimo.
A variety of reports are in circulation respecting
the unsettled state of affairs on the north-west
frontier. The Seikhs, we hear, are determined to
re-organise their army, but several of the hill tribes
are already so dissatisfied that it is expected they will
refuse to submit. Under these circumstances the
Maharaja's Government has, it is said, already ear-
nestly solicited that the British army may remain at
Lahore for a longer period than that originally fixed
by the Governor-General.

The intelligence from Hydrabad states that the
Nizam has been compelled to solicit the advice and
assistance of the Resident. The expulsion of the
Rohillas had at length been determined upon, and
the Resident having taken matters into his own
hands, the refractory Zumindars have submitted, with
the exception of the tributary Zumindar of Gudwall
against whom the troops of the contingent will be
employed.

Our intelligence from China speaks of the prepa-
rations making for the evacuation of Chusan.
The stoppage of the Mauritius Joint-Stock Bank
took place on the 17th of June. A call on the share-
holders for the remainder of the unpaid capital would,
it was believed, enable the bank to resume business.
The credit of the Mauritius Commercial Bank was
not in the least affected.

The reports from the indigo districts have been,
without exception, unfavourable.
ALEXANDRIA, SEPT. 9.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Oriental, true to her time, arrived here on the 4th
inst. with 90 passengers, mostly for India. This is
the last trip which this fine steamer makes to Alex-
andria, as she is to be put on the Constantinople and
Black Sea line. The Oriental has plied for six years
between Alexandria and Southampton, and has always
performed her voyages with the greatest regularity.
A considerable quantity of Turkey opium is now
sent by way of Egypt to China. The Peninsular
and Oriental Company's steamers receive this drug at
Smyrna, whence they convey it to Malta, there it is
put on board the steamers bound for Alexandria, it
crosses Egypt, and is re-shipped on board of the
steamer waiting at Sues, which conveys it to Hong-
Kong. Although the charges of the Peninsular and
Oriental Company are high, it is more economical to
send opium to China by way of Egypt than by a sail-
ing vessel first from Turkey to England, and then
round the Cape to its destination, as the loss of inte-
rest alone sustained by the longer route amounts even
to more than the heavy freight charged by the Penin-
sular and Oriental Company's steamers.
The Viceroy's arrival at Cairo from Alexandria was
celebrated with three days' illuminations and fire-
works in the citadel. His Highness was, however,
fain to come back to Alexandria, on account of the
great heat prevailing at the capital, and he returned
here on the 2d inst., by way of Rosetta.

Mehemet Ali has just concluded an arrangement
with a Greek merchant for the payment to the Sultan
of the yearly tribute of one million and a third of
dollars, nearly 270,0001. sterling, due by his High-
ness to the Porte.

The Viceroy continues to wear the Turkish dress,
which so ill befits him, and in consequence all the
emplop%s of the Government are under the necessity
of following his example. Some of them, and parti-
cularly the fat and lazy men of rank, look very much
out of their element in their new costume. The
Pacha has also reduced his fine flowing beard to about
a hand's breadth from the chin, conforming himself
in this respect to the Constantinople fashion and the
precepts of the Koran.

This alteration in dress is considered by some as
an improvement, as making the Turks and Arabs
more similar in appearance to Europeans, and
bringing them in closer contact With European ci-
vilization.

His Highness Ibrahim Pacha is living quietly at
his palace on the Nile, near Cairo, pursuing his
favourite occupation of the direction of his farms,
selling the produce yielded by them, and thereby
accumulating money. his Highness still talks
about his travels in Europe, and now that he has

had time to ponder quietly over what he has seen,
and compare the impressions made upon him by the
different countries he has seen, it is very satisfactory
to Englishmen to hear his Highness pass the warmest
eulogiums on Great Britain, its institutions and its
industry. His Highness has said that England is far
advanced of the other Powers, and is making rapid
strides onwards, whilst the latter are very slow in
their progreco.

Researches are still being carried on in various
party ti f Egypt for fossile mines, and some small
quantities of an inferior quality of coal have been
discovered in the upper country, near to the town
of Ketch, The reports of the English engineers
employed in these researches are not favourable.
However, since Ibrahim Pach2's return from Eng-
land, he has taken great interest in them, and Me-
hemet Ali evinces great anxiety for success, so that
the works are being pushed on with vigour. The
opinion expressed by many geologists is, however,
that the soil of Egypt and the surrounding desert, is
not adapted for the formation of coal, and that this
fossile will never be found in sufficient quantity to
defray the expenses of working it.
There has been a slight disturbance in the Shar-
keeyeh, or eastern province of the Delta, but it was
caused only by a few fellahs resenting the extortions
of their superiors, and it was soon put down.
The French war-steamer Gregeois arrived here on
the 2d instant from Algiers and Tunis with a cargo
of Arab pilgrims bound for Mecca. To conciliate
the Arabs the French send a steamer every year to
Alexandria for the accommodation of those intending
to visit the shrine of the Prophet at the Hedjaz.
Ahmed Bey, Chamberlain to the Sultan Abd-al-
Medjid, who accompanied the Viceroy on his recent
visit to Constantinople, returned here yesterday from
Cairo, and proceeds to Constantinople to-morrow, in
the steamer Nile, which has been newly painted and
handsomely fitted out for the purpose.

The chief Rabbi of the Jews died at Cairo last
week. An intimation of this event having been
given to the Government, Ibrahim Pacha, with a de-
gree of toleration and freedom from bigotry which,
considering that his Highness is a Mussulman, is de-
serving of great praise, sent a company of 100 sol-
diers and a military band to join the funeral proces-
sion and do honour to the defunct.

Intelligence has been received from Beyrout up to
the 6th, and Damascus to the 3d inst. The accounts
from Syria present nothing of interest. There is the
usual monthly-occurring changes in the Governors of
the provinces,—a new Pacha for Damascus, a new
Pacha for Aleppo, and a new Pacha for Saida,—a most
ruinous system for the country, as the various Pachas
knowing that the tenure of their offices is very limited
make most of their time by using all possible means to
extort money from the natives, without caring for the
consequences. Throughout Syria great interest seems
to have been taken in Mehemet Ali's late visit to Con-
stantinople, which the natives connected in their minds
with his return to power in that country—an event which
to all appearance would be hailed with pleasure by
Christians, Moslems, and Jews. The present system
of government in the mountains, carried out
as recommended by the European Powers, does not
seem to act satisfactorily. 10,000 Russian Jews
were expected to arrive in the Holy Land to settle
there. This number will add about a third to the
present Jewish population in Syria and Palestine.
Great preparations were being made for giving un-
usual splendour to the caravan of pilgrims which is to
start at the end of this month from Damascus for
Mecca, and the mother of the Shah of Persia was
expected to accompany it. The Sultan has sent out
from Constantinople engineers and workmen to re-
build and repair the different caravansaries and for-
tresses on the Hadj, or Pilgrim-road, from Damascus
to Mecca.

It was reported at Beyrout that the Pacha "Jf Jeru-
salem had, by treachery as usual, seized upon the
persons of the principal chiefs in his district, and
amongst others, the famous Sheikh Abou Gosh, who
has for a long period given so much trouble to the
Turkish Government.

FIVE O'CLOCK, P.M.

No intelligence has up to this hour been received
of the arrival at Suez of the Hindustan, which was
expected there from Calcutta on the sth inst.
The French steamer, Egyptus, sails for Marseilles
direct early to-morrow morning.
ALEXANDRIA, SEPT. 10, TWO A.M.

Intelligence has just been received here of the
arrival at Suez yesterday of the Peninsular and Ori-
ental Company's steamer Precursor from Calcutta,
which place she left on the Bth of August.
There is no news of importance.
By this opportunity we have not received from
Bombay any later dates than those brought by the
Akbar, which sailed from Bombay on the sth of
August.