The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBERN2I, 1846

that Michael Warden never went away again, and
never sold his house, but opened it afresh, maintained
a golden mean of hospitality, and had a wife, the
pride and honour of that countryside, whose name was
Marion." Thus terminates this beautiful " love
story"—conceived in the most graceful vein—fraught
with a lofty truthfulness—painted with the sunniest
colours. Secondly, as to the characters :—Of Grace,
and Marion, and Doctor Jeddler, and Alfred Heath-
field, and Michael Warden, we have already spoken.
Then there are a brace of attorneys, called (very
euphoniously) Snitchey and Craggs—men possessed
of a wonderful office, containing, besides other strange
chattels, " tiers of boxes, padlocked and fire-proof,
with people's names painted outside, which anxious
visitors felt themselves, by a cruel enchantment, com-
pelled to spell backwards and forwards, and to make
anagrams of, while they sat, seeming to listen to
Snitchey and Craggs, without comprehending one
word of what they said." Snitchey, in his way, has
a smack of Tackleton and Gruff in his disposition.
But there is one Benjamin Britain—a superb fellow.
He is described as " a small man, with an uncom-
monly sour and discontented face." Having forgotten
himself by laughing while serving at Dr. Jeddler's
breakfast table, Britain is remonstrated with, by a
fellow-servant exclaiming—
" Do you know where you are? Do you want to get
warning ?'
" I don't know anything,' said Britain, with a leaden
eye and an immovable visage. 'I don't care for any-
thing. I don't make out anything. I don't believe any-
thing. And I don't want anything.'
"Although this forlorn summary of his general con-
dition may have been overcharged in an access of des-
pondency, Benjamin Britain—sometimes called Little
Britain, to distinguish him from Great; as we might say
Young England, to express Old England with a differ-
ence—had defined his real state more accurately than
might be supposed. For serving as a sort of man
Miles, to the Doctor's Friar Bacon ; and listening day.
after day to innumerable orations addressed by the
Doctor to various people, all tending to show that his
very existence was at best a mistake and an absurdity;
this unfortunate servitor had fallen, by degrees, into
such an abyss of confused and contradictory suggestions
from within and without, that Truth at the bottom of
her well, was on the level surface as compared with
Britain in the depths of his mystification."
In the subsequent portions of the book Britain is
transformed—improved as a man, but deteriorated as
a comic character. "He was very much broader,"
says his biographer, " much redder, much more
cheerful, and much jollier in all respects. It seemed
as if his face had been tied up in a knot before,
and was now untwisted and smoothed out."
In the end he marries Clemency Newcome—
capital Clemency Newcome. This is one of the
best pictures in the " Boz" portrait gallery. Cle-
mency Newcome is not a jot like the Opportunity
Newcome described in Cooper's: "Ravensnest.'
Opportunity has the coldest heart in a well-favoured
covering ; Clemency has the warmest heart in the
oddest body conceivable. Mr. Dickens, -however;
must &peak for himself :
"She was about thirty years old, and had a sufficiently
plump and cheerful face, though it was twisted up into
an odd expression of tightness that made it comical.
But the extraordinary homeliness of her gait and
manner, would have superseded any face in the world.
To say that she had two left legs, and somebody else's
arms; and that all four limbs seemed to be out of joint,
and to start from perfectly wrong places when they
were set in motion; is to offer the mildest outline of the
reality. To say that she was perfectly content and
satisfied with these arrangements, and regarded them as
being no business of hers, and took her arms and legs
as they came, and allowed them to dispose of them-
selves just as it happened, is to render faint justice to
her equanimity. Her dress was a prodigious pair of
self-willed shoes, that never wanted to go where her
feet went; blue stockings; a printed gown of many
colours, and the most hideous pattern procurable for
money; and a white apron. She always wore short
sleeves, and always had, by some accident, grazed
elbows, in which she took so lively an interest that she
was continually trying to turn them round and get im-
possible views of them. In general, a little cap perched
somewhere on her head; though it was rarely to be
met with in the place usually occupied in other subjects,
by that article of dress; but from head to foot she was
scrupulously clean, and maintained a kind of dislocated
tidiness. Indeed, laudable anxiety to be tidy and
compact in her own conscience as well as in the public
eye, gave rise to one of her most startling evolutions,
which was to grasp herself sometimes by a sort of
wooden handle (part of her clothing, and familiarly
called a busk), and wrestle as it were with her garments,
until they fell into a symmetrical arrangement."
Clemency's mode of writing has been already de-
scribed, almost in the same words in regard to
Christopher IsTubbles. Here is a humorous narra-
tive of how Clemency Newcome brought a letter,into
the drawing- room of Dr. Jeddler, and of how she
conducted herself after Dr. Jeddler cried out " What's
the matter ?"

"' It's only me, Mister,' said Clemency, putting in her
head at the door.
" • And what's the nritter with you?' said the Doctor.
" • Oh, bless you, nothing an't the matter with me,'
r-iturned Clemency—and truly, too, to judge from her
well•soaped face, in which there gleamed as usual the
very soul of good-humour, which, ucgainly as she was,
made her quite engaging. Abrasions on the elbows are
not generally understood, it is true, to range within that
class of personal chorms called beauty-spots. But it is
better, going through the world, to have the arms
chafed in that narrow passage, than the temper: and
Clemency's was sound and whole as any beauty's in the
land.

" Nothing an't the matter with me,' said Clemency,
entering, but—come a little closer, Mister.'
"The Doctor, in some astonishment, complied with
this invitation.
" You said I wasn't to give you one before them,
you know,' said Clemency.
" A novice in the family might have supposed, from
her extraorainary ogling as she said it, as well as from
a singular rapture or ecstasy which pervaded her elbows,
as if she were embracing herself, that one,' in its most
favourable interpretation, meant a chaste salute. Indeed
the Doctor himself seemed alarmed, for the moment;
but quickly regained his composure, as Clemency, having
had recourse to both her pockets—beginning with the
right one, going away to the wrong one, atad afterwards
coming back to the right one again—produced a letter
from tho post office.
" Britain was riding by on an errand,' she chuckled,
handing it to the Doctor, 'and see the mail come in,
and waited for it. There's A. H. in the corner. Mr.
Alfred's on his journey home, I bet. We shall have
a wedding in the house—there was two spoons in my
saucer this morning. Oh, Luck, how slow he opens it!'
" All this she delivered, by way of soliloquy, gradu-
ally rising higher and higher on tiptoe, in her impatience
to hear the news, and making a corkscrew of her apron,
and a bottle of her mouth. At la,;,t, arriving at a climax
of suspense, and seeing the Doctor still engaged in the
perusal of the letter, she came down flat upon the soles
of her feet again, and cast her apron, as a veil, over her
head, in a mute despair, and inability to bear it any
longer."
In the account of the hostel called " The Nutmeg
Grater," and kept by Benjamin Britain, the writer
gives this natural but ridiculous incident. A stranger
has entered the bar, and Clemency, having discovered
that it is none other than Michael Warden, endea-
vours to convey her discovery to Britain by dumb
show :

" Seeing that the stranger's face was turned towards
the winthw, and that he seemed intent upon the pros-
pi et, she made some eager signs to her husband, and
pointed to the bill, and moved her mouth as if she were
repeating with great energy, one word or phrase to him
over and over again. As she uttered no sound, and as
her dumb motions, like most of her gestures, were of a
very extraordinary kind, this unintelligible conduct re-
duced Ur. Britai❑ to the confines of despair. He stared
at the table, at the stranger, at the spoons, at his wife—
follwed her pantomime with looks of deep amazement
and perplexity—asked in the same language, was it
property in danger, was it he in danger, was it she—
answered her signals with other signs expressive of the
deepest distress and confusion—followed the motions of
her lips —guessed half aloud ' milk and water,' monthly
warning," mice and walnuts'—and couldn't approach
her meaning."
On the return of Marion, Clemency is wonderfully
excited. She is ignorant of the return of the long.
lost --

" When, looking up in wonder, and in indignant re-
monstrance, and in the added emotion of ,a great roar
from Mr. Britain, and seeing that sweet face so well-
remembered close before her, she stared, sobbed,
laughed, cried, screamed, embraced her, held her fast,
released her, fell on Mr. Snitchey and embraced him
(much to Mrs. Snitchey's indignation), fell on the
Doctor and embraced him, tell on Mr. Britain and em-
braced him, and concluded by embracing herself, throw-
ing her apron over her head, and going into hysterics
behind it."

But to appreciate Clemency thoroughly the book
itself must be read. The frontispiece, by Daniel
Mac:Esc, depicting Grace and Marion dancing under
the apple-tree, is a gem. The figures of the two
damsels are exquisitely drawn. The three other illus-
trations from the same eminent hand are excellent.
Those by Stanfield, particularly the Nutmeg Grater,
are good. Leech has used his pencil for once indif-
ferently; and the three embellishments by Doyle are
execrably bad. They would entirely spoil the volume
if anything could. Mr. Dickens has unquestionably
made an improvement upon his last Christmas book.
" The Battle of Life" is a charming love story—a
story not unworthy of its distinguished author.

The " Observer" of Sunday, Dec. 6, contained
an impartial review, with extracts from Sir E. L.
Bulwer Ly tton's new work entitled " Lucretia," to the
extent of four of the Observer folio columns. The
Observer of Sunday, Dec. 13, contained an impartial
review, with extracts from the second series of "Lord
Campbell's Lives of the Lord Chancellors of England,"
to the extent of two folio columns and a half. The
Observer of Sunday, Dec. 20, contained an impartial
review, with extracts from the annual Christmas work
by Charles Dickins, Esq., entitled, " Tho Battle of Life,
a Love Story," to the extent of nearly five of the
Observer folio columns. A Monday's edition of the
Observer is regularly published at four o'clock on Mon
day afternoons, which is best adapted for the country
and readers abroad.

ILLU3TILATED TALE IN "THE MIRROR," Price Is.
On January 1, 1847, Chapters 1., IL, 111., and IV., of
THE MISER'S WILL;
Or, LOVE ANI) AVARICE. An English Tale.
By PERCY B. ST. JOHN.
The Mirror will continue to be Edited by Mr. St. John, assisted by
several eminent writers, and will be illustrated in the first style of
art by Hine, Archer, and Walmsley.
Now ready, Vol. 1., new series, price ss. 6d.
11. llurst, 27, King William-street, Strand.

WILS ON'S LAST NIGHT.
CROSBY HALL, BISHOPSGATE.
TO-MORROW EVENING, TUESDAY, 22d December, at Eight
o'clock, Mr. WILSON will give his LAST ENTERTAINMENT,
when he will sing a SELECTION of the SONGS of SCOTLAND,
Two Songs by German Composers, and the English Cantata of " The
Soldier's Dream."

Part I.—Of a' the Airts the Wind can lolaw—Ower the Water to
Charlie—Thou halt left me ever, Jamie—Saw ye Johnnie coming ?
quo' she—ln yonder happy Cottage—She Is mine—John Anderson
my jo—O whistle and I'll come to ye, my Lad.
Part ll.—The Soldier's Dream—My Boy Tammie—The Flowers
of the Forest—My Tocher's the Jewel—Anna Lawrie—Allister
M'Allister.

iIIGH WATER AT LONDOS-liltI1)(W TlllB DAY.
Iforning .. 33 minutes after 3. I Evening .. 56 minutes after 3.

ing with the rights of property, and without unduly
favouring individuals at the expense of the community,
Provisions of a beneficial tendency were undoubtedly
made by the sth and 6th Vict., cap. 89, by the Bth and
9th Viet., cap. 69, and by the 9th Vict., cap. 4, empower-
ing the Board of Works to undertake certain drainage
works, but those provisions required considerable mo-
dification before any permanent advantages could
accrue. By the enactments Ist and 2d Will. IV.,
cap. 33, sec. 32, amended by 9th Viet., cap. 1, sec. 6.
it was provided, moreover, that loans might be made to
individuals for the purpose of enabling them to effect
the improvement of their estates for themselves,
by drainage, reclaiming waste lands, or other works
of substantial improvement. These admirable ar-
rangements, however, were unaccompanied by any
clauses affording sufficient power to the Executive, in
securing the return of the moneys advanced, and, at
the same time, of not unduly tampering with the
rights of individuals.
So many complicating claims are associated with
land in Ireland, estates there are entangled in such a
network of mortgages, the tenure of land is, indeed,
so terribly complicated in that island, that the extri-
cation of the proprietors appears, at a superficial
glance, to be almost an impossibility. By a persevering
consideration of the matter, however, these difficulties
are not so utterly insurmountable as would be at first
imagined. By a searching investigation the entangle-
ment becomes unravelled, and from the "Treasury
Minutes" of the Ist ultimo, and the letter forwarded
by Mr. TEEVELYAN to the Commissioners of Public
Works, we would fain believe that the clue has been
at last discovered which may guide us from the
labyrinth. From these two important documents it
would seem that the Government are really solicitous
to afford that encouragement and aid to Irish agri-
culturists which have been so long desiderated. It
has been resolved by the Lords Commissioners of her
MAJESTY'S Treasury, that the Board of Works
" Shall undertake the execution of such works as are
necessary for deepening or removing obstructions in
rivers, their tributary streams, or the larger watercourses
of the country, by means of which great improvement
may be effected in the main outfalls of drainage for
considerable tracts of land."
This arrangement is unquestionably of a most
desirable character, seeing that such enormous works
could 'never be effectually undertaken by any indi-
vidual. Whatever difficulty might be experienced
in consequence of these main drains passing through
the estates of many different proprietors is obviated
"By the power which the Board of Works possesses
of proceeding with the consent of a certain number of
proprietors, and of charging the repayment upon the
lands drained, even of dissenting proprietors, in propor-
tion to the bPnefit conferred upon them."
Aware of the numerous delays caused, and obstruc-
tions presented by the undigested clauses of the Act
9th and 10th Vict., cap. 101, it is here announced by
Mr. TREVELYAN, of the Treasury, that her MA-
JESTY'S Government

"Propose to submit a Bill to Parliament founded on
these principles, embracing and extending the objects of
the 32d section of the Act 1 and 2 Wm. IV., cap. 33,
amended by the 9th Vict., cap. 1, sec. 6, and of the 9th
and 10th Vict., cap. 101."
Among the arrangements thereby effected are
—that the loans shall not be restricted to drain-
age, but shall be rendered available for the pur-
poses of general improvement of lands, including drain •
age, and that to obviate the difficulties arising from
the encumbrances upon lands and the multiplicity of
interests in estates, a proportionate contribution
towards the repayment of the loan shall be
apportioned on the various parties who will derive
benefit from the improvement, " the whole principal
and interest being payable to the Government by the
person who shall be deemed proprietor of the land
drained or improved, and the contribution on the part
of the occupier being in the shape of increased rent to
the proprietor." Beyond this the Government pro-
pose to submit a separate Bill to Parliament, in which
the provisions of the sth and 6th Vict., cap. 89, Bth
and 9th Viet., cap. 69, and the 9th Vict., cap. 4, will
be consolidated and simplified. As an additional
boon to the starving population, the loans are to be
made at the reduced interest of four per cent. It is
in the concluding paragraph, however, of this letter
from Mr. TREVELYAN that the principles of the pro-
posed innovation are condensed :
" My Lords are further of opinion," he writes, " that
with the view both of providing security for the repay-
went of the advances from the public purse, and of re-
lieving entailed estates from the evil of accumulated
charges, two powers should be conferred by the measures
which it is proposed to submit to Parliament.
"First, a power to the proprietors of an entailed es•
tate to sell for the purpose of repaying the advances for
improvements made by the Board of Works, or if made
by himself, with the aid of Government money, under
the inspection of the Board of Works, any part of the
estate so improved, or of other estates settled to the
same uses, in the same manner as a power exists in this
country of selling for the redemption of the land tax.
" Secondly, a power to the Government of selling, in
default of payment of two consecutive instalments, so
much of the land improved or of other estates settled to
capital, interest, and expenses of sale."
the same uses, which the proprietor might prefer, as
would repay
While it is impossible to deny that this will afford
the Executive an enormous power, it will be never-
theless equally impossible to deny that the benefits
accruing to the proprietors and the peasantry of
Ireland, will fully counterbalance any objections to
the proposed plan. Is it not better that they should
be driven into prosperity than be abandoned to an
independent starvation ?

In another part of our paper we publish the Reso-
utions of the Independent Committee of- the Cor-
poration, setting forth the insult offered to the
citizens of London, through their representatives, by
the LORD MAYOR positively refusing to put a ques
•
tion, duly moved and seconded by old and qualified
members of the Corporation, in Common Council
assembled. As faithful journalists, it is our duty to
weigh carefully the arguments adduced by the con-
flicting parties, and endeavour to arrive at a just con-
clusion as established by indisputable evidence.
Certain inconveniences arise as to the qualification
of members of the Common Council, in consequence
of " various changes having taken place in the customs
and habits of the citizens of the said city, and in their
mode of conducting business in the said city, in con-
sequence whereof many of the most substantial
citizens, duly rated in their several wards, and carry-
ing on trade in, and habitually resorting to their
shops, counting-houses, and offices within the city,
have nevertheless dwellings for themselves and their
families in the suburbs of the said city ;" to remedy
which a reference is made to a committee, a report
is brought up, it is referred back, with instructions
to prepare a bill to meet the case ; a bill is brought
up, read a first and a second time; to all of which the
Aldermen, as members of the Common Council (and
many of them are members cf the committee) are
assenting parties. Not a word of objection is
heard until it has become pretty generally known
that another Bill is to succeed this, limiting the power
of the Aldermen to draw upon the City purse. Then,
and only then, they come forward with a protest read
by the Recorder, declaring that as the Bill alters
certain "usages and customs" of the City, they cannot
sanction it, and in discussion declare that without
their assent the Bill is of no avail; nay, more, they
claim the privilege to originate all matters brought
before the Common Council. We find presumptuous
assertion here—we find no argument. What says
the Bill as proposed?
" And be it enacted, that from and after the passing
of this Act, any freeman of London being a householder,
of any freeman of London, though he may dwell out
of the city of London, shall be capable of being elected
to be a member of the Common Council, provided at the
time of such election he is, and for twelve months pre-
viously he shall have been, the occupier of a house, shop,
counting-house, or office, situated within the ward for
which he shall be so elected; and provided that
he is, and for twelvo months previously he
shall have been, rated in his own name to the Consoli-
dated Rate in respect of any house, shop, counting-
house, or office within such ward; and also provided that
during the time of his being so rated as aforesaid be
shall have resided in such house, or habitually resorted
to such shop, counting-house, or office, for the purpose
of carrying on
occupation therein, anv act, order, or ordinance, custom,
any art, mystery, trade, profession, or
or usage, to the contrary notwithstanding."
What custom or usage does this violate ? It is
and has been the " custom and usage" to have Com-
mon Councilmen; they are retained. They must
be freemen, having premises within the City and
within the ward for which they are elected, and be
voted to certain rates. This is still to be the case.
We repeat, what custom or usage does this violate ?
None ! It simply and prudently defines a qualifica-
tion which the old term "householder" left vague and
uncertain, being liable to bear almost any construction
anybody might put upon it.
It is quite clear that this Bill is not the bone of
contention. No, no ; it is that which is behind and

rather than the Aldermen—a body elected for life,
consequently irresponsible—should have any inde-
pendent control over the City funds, the responsible
representatives of the citizens are determined to go to
Parliament and dissolve the Corporation, so that it
may be remodelled to meet the spirit of the age, and
be in harmony with the advancing intelligence of the
times.

These are not the days for individuals or small cor-
porate bodies to attempt to claim irresponsible power.
We advise the Aldermen, as those who much respect the
Corporation, to listen to reason. The Common Council
have liberty, right, and progressive policy on their
side, which must prevail. So long as the Corpora-
tion continues to modify its rules and regulations so
as to render them assimilate to the necessities of the
times, they will endure; but so soon as they become
obstructive their doom is sealed.

It is consistent with proper representation that the
properly elected and responsible body should control
the expenditure ; and for an irresponsible, life-elected
body to claim such a power seems monstrous ; and for
my LORD MAYOR to refuse to put any question duly
proposed and seconded, is to gag the mouth of the Com-
mon Council, and prevent free discussion. We protest
against any such assumption ; and if the citizens of
London 3uccumb to such a dictum, they are made of
different stuff to what we ever thought them, and
truly their ancient glory has departed.

Accounts from Italy state that the sth of
December, the centenary anniversary of the expulsion
of the Austrians from Genoa, had been observed as a
day of rejoicing throughout almost the whole of the
north of Italy. The Sardinian Government would
authorise no public demonstration, but many private
assemblages were held at Genoa, in which the toasts
of the "Independence of Italy," and "Down with
the Austrians," were drunk with great enthusiasm.
At night, in the same moment, bonfires were lit on
all the mountains surrounding Genoa. Similar
bonfires were seen blazing along the whole line of
Appenines, in the direction of Florence and Bologna,
of Rome, and of Naples. At Florence two large
bonfires were kindled in the two large squares, and
the walls were covered with placards, on which were
printed in red ink, "Death to the Germans." One
of these placards was affixed to the hotel of the
Austrian Minister, before the gates of which a body
of singers chanted a de profundis. No outrage was
committed on persons or property.

Madrid papers of the 10th and 11th have been
received. Up to that time the result of 103 elections
had become known, of which 78 had been gained by
the Moderadoes, 17 by the Progressistas, and 8 by the
Puritans and Absolutists. Senor OLOZAGA has been
returned for Albacete.

MADRID BOLSA, DEC. 11.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 34i for cash ; the Five per Cents, at
21i; the Vales at 8i ; the Passives, at 61 ; and the
Coupons, at 19k.

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.
The most important article of news contained in
them is the following literal transcript of the dispatch
on the subject of the annexation of Cracow, addressed
by M. GUIZOT to the French Ambassadors at Vienna,
Berlin, and St. Petersburgh. It is as follows :
" Sir,—The Austrian Charge d'Affaires has commu-
nicated to me the dispatches from Prince Metternich,
announcing to the King's Government that the incorpo-
ration in the Austrian empire of the free town and ter-
ritory of Cracow is resolved upon by the Courts of
Vienna, Berlin, and St. Petersburgh, and they explain
the motives. I transmit copies of them. I have laid
them before the King in Council. His Majesty's Go-
vernment has experienced from them a great and pain-
ful surprise. We received in February and March, as
we did in 1836 and 1838, assurances that the occupation
of Cracow by the troops of the Three Powers was a
measure purely military, and not political, commanded
by necessity, and which should be at an end with
that necessity. Now it is said that a temporary
occupation will not suffice, and that the measure
adopted by the Three Courts is indispensable to
guarantee definitively in their states order and
peace, which have been incessantly disturbed by insur-
rections,_ of which Cracow had become the permanent
focus. But since the suppression of the small state of
Cracow is to put an end to those disorders, its existence
must have been their unique, or at least, their principal
cause. This supposition is inadmissible. The so fre-
quently recurring fermentation of the ancient Polish
provinces has arisen from causes more general. The
scattered members of a great state, destroyed by vio-
lence, still continue to agitate and rise. Treaties which
recognise such facts do not cause to disappear at once
the social wounds which result from them; time, equity,
kindues,, and prolonged good government can alone suc-
ceed in it. for these are the only means which the civili-
sation of Europe now renders possible. The sovereigns
and the statesmen, assembled at the Congress of
Vienna, thus considered it. They wished at the mo
merit, even when Europe united ratified the partition of
Poland, to give to the Polish nation arid to the
conscientious feelings of Europe, which were disturbed
by this partition, a constant moral satisfaction.
They had at the same time towards their Polish
subjects perspective views of amelioration for the internal
government of the country. Serious disturbances may
interrupt the course of that policy, at once wise and
generous, but not cause it to be entirely abandoned or
abolished. Nothing compromises a Government more
than to declare itself' unable to fulfil, even slowly and in
course of time, the promises and hopes which it has itself
given. The destruction of the petty State of Cracow
may deprive the spirit of Polish conspiracy of some
means of action, but it may also keep up and even irri-
tate the feelings which obstinately give rise to these de-
plorable enterprises. It weakens throughout all Europe
on this painful question the principles of order and
conservatism, to the profit of blind and hateful passions.
Article nine of the treaty of Vienna imposes on the
Republic of Cracow the obligation of removing con-
spirators from its territory, and the Three Protecting
Powers had doubtless the right to demand the accom-
plishment of his obligation. But had they not, in
order to attain this object, no other means than to abolish
the independence of this petty state, and to sup-
press the state itself ? The narrow limits of the Re-
public, the immense strength of the three great Powers,
by whose states it is hemmed in, all tend to induce the
belief that measures carefully combined would have been
sufficient to counteract efficaciously the evil, without
having recourse to extreme means, which involve some
perils in the prospect of frequently creating fresh and
more serious evils. It was in all cases the incontestable
right of all the Powers who were parties to the treaty of
Vienna to take part in the deliberations and the decisions
of which Cracow might be the object. If Prince Metter.
nich means in his dispatch that the three Courts had by
themselves created the small state ofCracow, and that they
II afterwards presented to the Congress for enrolment the
convention they had passed between themselves, the King's
Government could never admit of an assertion so contrary
to the principles, and even to the language of great trans-
actions constituting the public law of Europe. Inde-
pendent powers are never called upon to enregister
deliberations or acts entered into and passed without
their participation. In so far as regards Cracow and
Poland, the sovereigns and public men say that long
discussions between the representatives of all the Powers
preceded the conclusion of the special treaty of May 8.
The very text of the treaty of Vienna demonstrates that
the fate of Poland was regulated after a deliberation of
all the representatives of Europe. Articles 1, 2. 3,4,
and 5, define the share which each of the three Powers
was to have of the territory of the Grand Duchy of
Warsaw. There is not the least difference between
these articles and those which give to Prussia a part
of the states of the King of Saxony. The foundation
of the republic of Cracow is placed on precisely the
same ground as the stipulations which formed the
other states, even the most free, which have created
the Germanic Confederation. The Government of
( his Majesty, therefore, has used only an evident
right, and at the same time fulfilled an imperative
duty in protesting solemnly against the suppre!sion of
the Republic of Cracow—an Act positively against the
letter as well as the meaning of the treaties of Vienna.
aeyminagde respect to treaties
sacred that she
After the long and redoubtable agitations which have
andsh a ken
those
riEurope,ghts
whichit is only
they h
byapv
maintains herself. No power can enfranchise itself
from them without enfranchising the other powers by
the same Aot. France has not given any similar example
of an attempt against the policy of conservation and
peace. France has not forgotten the painful sacrifices
imposed upon her by the treaties of 1815. She might
rejoice at an act which would authorise her in just re-
ciprocity to consult henceforth none but her own in-
terests, and it is she who calls for the faithful observ-
ance of treaties by the Powers who have derived from
them the principal advantages. It is she who, above all,
is occupied in the maintenance of the rights acquired by
others, and in respecting their independence.
(Signed) " GUIZOT."
In commenting on the very guarded language of
this dispatch, and comparing it with the " big words''
of the newspaper organs of the Government and the
boasts of what great things M. GuizoT was to say
and do, the Legitimatist France sneeringly observes—
" It will be remarked that M. Guizot, while proclaim-
ing the violation of the treaties of 1815, while protesting
against the annexation of the republic of Cracow, care-
fully guards his words from bearing the character of a
menace. Supple and polite in his ill-humour, he de-
plores in lengthened terms what has been done; he sighs
heavily over the scattered fragments of the treaties of
Vienna ; but his despair does not lead him so far as to
be willing to declare that he also is freed from these con-
ventions. His courage fails him when he draws to a
conclusion, and says what France will do iu face of these
violated treaties of 1815. If, then, as everything tends
to make us believe, the protest of M. Guizot is con-
ceived in the same spirit as his circular note, the French
Government must have greatly modified its violent atti-
tude."

The National of Friday was seized at the Post-
office 5 wby, it professes to be =Able to tell, Pro•

► ably, however, it was on account of an article on the
Spanish elections, in which it stated that CHRISTINA,
alarmed by the attentions paid to the Count DE
MONTEMOLIN in London, was anxious to enter into
some sort of compact with the Progressistas, as it
was felt that if a Carlist outbreak should take place,
BRESSON and MON would be found insufficient.
The Arab prisoners, who were to have been ex-
changed, have been returned to their prison in the
Ile St. Marguerite.
The Constitutionnel says—

" M. Barbet de Jouy, the French Consul at the Mau-
ritius, whose recent dispute with Admiral Dacres has
been made known, is said to be about to be removed to
Honululu, in the Sandwich Islands, a newly-created
consulship. It is stated that among the papers of the
Ministry there has been found an application for a
change made by M. Barbet himself before the affair oc-
curred at the 'Mauritius."

We also find in the same paper the following:—
" The British Government has lately received in-
formation, from its agents on the western coast of Africa,
of a frightful occurrence, which, however, is not novel in
the annals of slavery. A negro chief having 2.000 slaves
upon his hands, and being unable to dispose of tbem,had
them all killed before his own eyes. The French Go-
vernment has also been made acquainted with this hor-
rible massacre. We are assured that the Cabinets of
London and Paris have resolved to joi❑ in punishing
with severity the cruel chief."
The Presse states that Oporto has been taken by
the QUEEN'S troops.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Satur-
day at 80f. 85c. ; the Five per Cents., 118 f. 70c. ; the
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,265 f. ; Rouen, 910 f.; Havre,
660 f. ; Great Northern, 648 f. 75c. ; Avignon, 897 f. 50c. ;
Vierzon, 612 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 562 f. 50c. ; Boulogne, 442 f.
50c. ; Troyes and Montereau, 350 f. ; Basle, 218 f. 75c. ; Dieppe,
380 f.; Paris and Strasburg. 487 f. 50c. ; Tours and Nantes,
497 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 512 f. 50c. ; Lyons and Avignon,
490 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 445 f. ; Spanish Actives, 34 ;
Spanish Three per Cents., 381/2.
'lllAasEir.LEs, DEc. 14.-Marseilles and Avignon, 8871.
50c. ; Northern, 646 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DECEMBER 19.
Dutch Rhenish, 4.%—Northern of France Constituted,
103/ Orleans and Vierzon, l334—Orleans and Bordeaux,
B',4—Paris and Lyons Constituted, 514 ex int.—Sambre
and Meuse, 44—Tours and Nantes Constituted, 4%.

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