The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,

resolved the other evening to send 3,500 men to
Civita Vecchia, accompanied by one of the national
representatives, M. COURCELLBS, on an extraordinary
mission to protect Pio Nom° from further outrages at
the hands of a sanguinary rabble of Roman Socialists.
As affording a ♦ery remarkable testimony that the
view taken by the Government at Paris was
far from being in any one particular erroneous, the
correspondence just received from their representative
at Rome, M. D'HIRCOURT, the French Ambassador,
is eminently entitled to perusal. It recounts in
terms of the utmost indignation the atrocities com-
mitted by the mob in the Eternal City, from the as-
sassination of Rossi to the murder of PALMA, from
the storming of the Quirinal to the installation of the
new Ministry—and this, let it be remembered, from
the representative of a Cabinet born of revolution,
from a man predisposed in every respect to look with
an eye of sympathy upon any democratic move-
ment ! But the crimes of the Socialist party at Rome
were too palpable and hideous in their depra-
vity, and the Ambassador from the French
Republic writes with the earnestness of a man
whose whole soul sickens with emotions of horror
and abhorrence.
So far from having marred his prospects as a can-
didate for the office of President by this brave de-
fiance of the Red Democrats, both among the Italians
and among his own countrymen, General CAVAIGNAC
has excited an admiration which must tend very ma-
terially to forward his interests ; while his rival,
Prince Louis NAPOLEON, has materially impaired his
cause by the publication of a manifesto, which, in
spite of its indisputable cleverness, is too vague in
principle, too abject in entreaty, and too nervously
circumspect in every individual syllable. Let the
Moderates be only true to themselves, let them only
resolve betimes as to whether their votes shall be
given for LAMARTIXE or CAVAIGNAC, and on Sun-
day, the 10th of December, they may laugh to
scorn the slanders and conspiracies of the Counter-
Revolutionists.

The accounts received from Ireland day by day
are indeed suggestive of gloomy reflections. We
hear of the most lamentable vicissitudes of fortune—
of men, who some years since were in the enjoy-
ment of every luxury and comfort that affluence could
afford, being reduced to a state of the deepest
distress, in want of almost the commonest necessaries
of life—of deserted farms, and uncultivated lands—
of hardy and intelligent men, possessing a small
capital, together with the most untiring energy
and determination, flying from their native
land to seek a home on a distant shore
—of workhouses crammed to suffocation,—
of innumerable claimants for out-door relief—of in-
effectual efforts to collect the rates for the relief of
the poor, and of ejectments and clearances of estates,
where the miserable cottiers are driven from their
humble holdings at this inclement season of the year,
and left without a roof to shelter their wretched
families or a meal for their starving children. These
are, indeed, melancholy facts, that must awaken the
sympathies and excite the commiseration of every
man of ordinary humanity. Without entering upon
any personal considerations, without touching in any
degree upon the question how deeply this country is
interested in the affairs of Ireland—how intimately
they are connected together—and how largely
British prosperity may be affected by Irish distress,
the sufferings of our brethren at the other side of
St. George's Channel are abundantly sufficient to
awaken our most serious attention to the means by
which those sufferings may be alley iated, and a more
favourable state of affairs brought about. 'What is
to be done in Ireland and for Ireland are questions
that will not be disregarded at the present moment.
If pecuniary assistance were indeed required from
this count 7 it would, we doubt not, be
readily and cheerfully afforded. But if; as we
firmly believe to be the case, Ireland possesses ample
resources to work out her own salvation—that all
that is wanting is that the energies of her children
should be exerted in a judicious and prudent manner,
and that the more impoverished districts should receive
some trifling temporary aid until they are in a position
to support their own poverty, it is doubly incum-
bent upon us not to withhold our assistance, but
by our councils and our unceasing efforts to
improie her social condition, and to render her in
every respect worthy of a position in the British
empire.
The working of the:pcor- law now forms one of the
chief grounds of complaint from all classess of Irish-
men. It is said to press with extraordinary weight
upon those who are most anxious to discharge their
duties—to impair their power, and to cripple their
exertions ; that, from the undue magnitude of the
area of taxation, they are compelled to support not
only the poor belonging to their own estates, but also
those of their more indolent and less deserving
neighbours; and that thus they are over-
whelmed by a mass of :poverty against which
it is hopeless to struggle, and that they must speedily
abandon the unequal contest unless some relief be af-
forded, and that matters be placed upon a sounder
and a more equitable foundation. There is, we re-
gret to say, some truth in these assertions, and many
instances have come to our knowledge where the
exertions of really good and energetic landlords have
been swamped, from the unfortunate position in which
they were placed, the neighbouring gentry being im-
poverished and embarrassed, and unable to render
any voluntary assistance by affording employment to
labour, or encouragement to their tenantry to improve
their holdings. It is indeed hard that those willing
to discharge their own obligations should be thus
hampered and oppressed through the deficiencies and
the faults of others. It is difficult, however, to sug-
gest a fitting remedy. If the area of taxation were
narrowed to the utmost extent, so as to make it as
nearly as possible coincident with individual pro-
perty, the certain result would be, that many loca-
lities would be utterly unable to support their poor,
and that a national rate should be resorted to. An
additional motive would arise to induce proprietors
to clear their estates to the utmost extent, to
convert their arable lands into pasture, to
prevent the construction of cottages, so that their
workmen would in the day of distress become bur-
dens on others who had not profited by their labour.
There are many evils that would undoubtedly arise
if such a course were adopted, that would perhaps be
even more injurious to the community in general
than those to which it is now desired to apply a re-
medy. A full and searching investigation must take
place before any alteration can be sanctioned. It is
much to be regretted that the inquiry asked for dur-
ing the past session by the almost unanimous voice
of the Irish representatives was not awarded. If a
report had been made, or even a Committee appointed,
and some witnesses examined, much information might
have been obtained, that would have cast light upon the
vesatct Duestio. As it is, we must only determine
that not a single: hour shall be lost after the re-
assembling of Parliament in bringing thee subject
under the consideration of the House and country,
and adopting the measures which upon due reflection
shall appear to be best calculated to meet the wants
of the country, and to
promote the interests of the
Irish nation.

FRTElazi LATH p
a,leuLtialatiDorElSTlNE DEPARTURE OF THE
so lately drawn'
vants by the Jesuit mis • of Mr.
" ARCRE D'ALLIANCE."—Having
with the to the circumstances connected
act:naries on board the French
kidnapping of a number
ship the Arche d'Allian
in defiaanti!aadetof.the police authorities,
B. Boyd's ser-
the departure of that
vessel from thisport,
his Excellency the Go-
vernorlianr.ißaq.u.
jiareVnto the case, has
we have now only to state
the pilot who
having instituted
at the
ihsaat"rl'cate
of
e men had
been pleased to suspend
took the Arche d'Alliance to sl,eitia,g
the Water
time that warrants for the apprehension ofnowing
il
AT
been issued by Captain Brown,
Police.—Australian Journal, June 16. 1848,
ATTRACTIVE NEWS FOR OUR COUNTftywomE
HOME.—Out of the fenaale immigrants who
ar-
rived at Melbourne by the William Stewart, eight recentlywermarried within twenty-four hours after their landing,
An offer made to a ninth (a cautious Scotch lassie) wat;
deferred by the fair one, who, with some slight adumbra-
tions as to higher aspirations, professed her intention to
" wait a wee while." The Portland Guardian, in
noticing, the nuptial arrangementg, only regretted that
the ladles had not been landed in that delightful bay,
where double the number would have met eligible
matches in half the number of hours. "Eight weddings
in twenty- four hours," quoth our contemporary, " pooh!
in Portland there would have been sixteen in twelve!"
We perceive that some of our London contemporaries
have been making
comparisons (all in our favour by the
way) between America and Australia as fields of coloni-
zation. We think, with the above matrimonial matters
of fact before them, our fair countrywomen at home will
atlknowledge that the Australian colonies are the true
" United States."—Australian Journal, June 16, 1848.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The following letters, written to the Minister of
Foreign Affairs by M. D'HARCOURT, the French
Ambassador at Rome, describing the events which
have recently occurred in the " Eternal City," have
been laid before the National Assembly by the
Executive Government :

" Rome, Nov. 16.

" Monsieur le Miaistre,—l have already had the
honour of announcing to you by the telegraph that M.
Rossi, Minister of the Interior, was assassinated yester-
day at one o'clock, as he was alighting from his carriage
to enter the Chamber of Deputies. He was stabbed in
the throat, and died immediately. The murderer was
not arrested, nor was even any attempt made to seize
him. Some Gendarmes and National Guards, who were
on the spot, did not interfere. The populace remained
mute and cold. It was with difficulty that the Minister's
servant could find any one to help him in carrying the
body of his master into a neighbouring room. The As-
sembly, on the steps of which the murder was committed,
continued undisturbedly to read its minutes, and not a
word was mentioned of the incident during the whole
sitting. In the evening the murderers and their adhe-
rents, to the amount of several hundreds, with flags at
their head, fraternized with the soldiers at the barracks,
and none of the magistrates came forward to act. The
director of the police, although urged to take some
energetic measures, refused to interfere, !and withdrew.
This morning the whole of the Ministry resigned. It is
difficult to conceive any new combination possible, or
any chance of re-establishing order, after what has
passed. Such is the position of the successors of the
ancient Romans! Having no packet immediately at my
disposal, I have resolved to send this dispatch overland.
—Accept, &c., " HARCOURT."
(Second Dispatch.)
" Rome, Nov. 17.

" Monsieur le Ministre,—l have had the honour to
give you the account of the murder of M. Rossi. Yes-
terday we had a continuation of these excesses, which
will make you regret, perhaps, not having given at a
certain time some support to the Sovereign Pontiff. It
would be difficult to witness a more sad spectacle for the
nation, than that of which we have been ocular wit-
nesses. Towards two o'clock a rather large crowd of
the people went to the Quirinal with a programme,
known beforehand, and which issued from the presses of
the Popular Club. This programme demanded the dis-
missal of the Ministry, the formation of another, the
formation of a Constituent Assembly, a solemn declara-
tion of war, &c. There are in the interior of the Qui-
rinal 100 Swiss, who are alone charged with the per-
sonal guard of the Pope, with a few gardes du corps.
When the Swiss saw this hostile demonstration, they
closed the doors and prepared for a defence. The diplo-
matic corps had time to enter the pelage and offer to the
Pope its moral support against the violence that might
be attempted against him. The assemblage as first
uttered menaces to obtain admission, and seeing that
their desire was not complied with, they endeavoured
to burn down the principal door. A few musket
shots from the Swiss, and their decided !attitude,
soon forced the aggressors to retire to a distance. Up
to this time only the populace had interposed; the
attack, therefore, did not last long, and the populace
were beginning to disperse, when we witnessed, to our
great surprise, an unexpected spectacle. The civic
guard, the gendarmerie, the line, and the Roman legion,
to the number of some thousands in uniform, with
music and drums, came and ranged themselves in order
of battle on the square of the Quirinal, and were there
joined by a few of the people who had remained, and
began to fire at the windows of the Palace. Some balls
penetrated into the apartments, and one killed a prelate
who was in his chamber. As the Swiss continued to dis-
play a bold attitude, and it was thought that a determined
resistance would be offered,cannon was brought to batter
down the doors of the Palace of the unfortunate Pope, who
is mildness itself, and who had only a hundred Swiss to
defend him. It is generally thought that there were only
a few hundred plotters (menettra), who had laid the plan
of this conspiracy. There were near the Pope during
the whole of the day only the diplomatic corps. The
Pope, all this time, showed much sang froid and firmness;
but as it was impossible to oppose resistance—and, be-
sith s, as he was less able and disposed than anybody to
shed blood—it was necessary to do whatever was de-
manded by his own troops, who besieged him in his pa-
lace. Negotiations were entered into, and a list of
Ministers was proposed to him, at the head of which
figure MM. Mamiani, Sterbini, Galetti, &c. This he ac •
cepted, protesting, however, against the violence which
was practised, and declaring that he would refer to the
Chambers the other measures which were demanded of
him. The authority of the Pope is now absolutely null.
It exists only in name, and none of his acts will be free
and voluntary. " HARCOURT,

(Third Dispatch.)
" Rome, Nov. 18.
" Monsieur le Ministre,—M. Muazarelli, the prelate,
now President of the High Chamber, is to be President of
the Council and Minister of Public Instruction; M. Ma-
miani, of Foreign Affairs; M. Galetti, of the Interior; M.
Sterbini, of Public Works; Count Campella, of War;
M. Lunati, of Finances; and M. Sereni, of Justice. It
is thought that the High Chamber will be dissolved.
The Swiss are about to be dismissed, and the posts of
the Palace are to be occupied by the National Guards.
It is the Popular Club that decides all the plans. The
1 Pope, without making official protests against what is
passing, has not failed to cause it to be understood that
he yiels only to force. The diplomatic corps is unde-
cided as to the conduct it ought to observe towards the
new Government. I think that it would be most con-

sistent to keep on the reserve until it has assumed a
decided colour, and shown what line of conduct it adopts
towards the Pope. I have expressed myself to this
effect to my colleagues, who have concurred with me in
opinion; but I shall be obliged if you will send me your
instructions on this point. It is possible that these events
may delay the consistory at which our bishops ought to
be recognised."
The remainder of the dispatch is occupied with
statements relating to the quarantine imposed on
vessels coming from Malta.
The Ryiproze complains that the words " Liberte,
Egaliti, Fraternite " have been effaced on several of
the public buildings, and Louis PHILIPPE'S motto of
" Liberte, ordre public," has been substituted. It
also complains that M. DUPAURE has suppressed the
words " citoyen " and " salut et fraternity" in his
circulars.

The Patrie of Wednesday says—
" There was much talk to-day in the National As-
sembly of a duel between M. Felix Pyat and M. Proud-
hon. They went successively to the Bois de Boulogne
and to St. Ouen, where they met M. Yen, the Com-
missary of Police, and his agents, by whom they were
compelled to separate without fighting. It is said, how-
ever, that they met again this evening, and fought."
The Gazette des Tribumus says that the tribunal
of raises en accusation, and that of appeal for cor-
rectional police, met on Wednesday to hear the report
of the Advocate-General, METZINGER, on the accu-
sations brought against the Ministers of the ex-King
Louis PniLirrE, and that after a lengthened delibe-
ration, the Court decided that there were no grounds
for prosecuting any of the parties implicated.
The Conatitutiennel publishes a declaration of a
Committee of Delegates of the departments of the
West in favour of the candidateship of Louis BONI.'
PARTE. Among the names of these patrons of the
nephew of the EMPEROR is found that of GEORGES
CADOUAL.
The following is given by the Junta des Debate
as the results of ;the elections which took place on
Sunday :
" Charente Inferieure—Marshal Bugeaud and General
Regnault-de-St. Jean d'Angely, in place of M. Louis
Napoleon Bonaparte, who has taken his seat for the
Seine, and of M. Contansau, who has resigned.
" Calvados—M. Thomine, in place of M. Durand,

deceased.
"Yonne—M. Napoleon Bertrand, in place of M. Louis
Napoleon Bonaparte.
" Moselle—Tha Prince de la Moskowa, in place of M.
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte.

At the sitting of the National Assembly yesterday
the discussion on the expedition to Givita Vecchia.
was commenced by M. LEDRU Rouari, who spoke as
follows :--

M. Ledru Rollin—l demand from the Government if
they have received any additional information relative to
the affairs of Rome, and if so, are they of a nature to
show that the calm which the letters of the Admiral
would lead us to foresee has been continued? Letters
which appeared yesterday in the public journals show
that after Rossi was struck the people remained calm,
and the Assembly went on with ,their deliberations,
without showing any emotion. The Honourable Gen-
tleman then narrated the circumstances which were
given in M. d'Harcourt's dispatches, aid drew the in-
ference that everything showed that Rome must remain
perfectly tranquil. He then went on :—I will now pro-
ceed to consider, is a political point of view, the expe-
dition which has been just ordered to Civita Vecchia. It
is, I conceive, altogether precipitate and out of place.
The cry with which the late movement has been
effected at Rome was, "A bas les Strangers," and yet
France sends Put her subjects to that country! I con-
sider that this vvill be a cause of great difficulties, as the
first thing that the Boman people looked for was the
independence of their :country. They will think but
little of the Pope in comparison with that object. You
desire, you say, to defend the Pope; but the real cause of
the expedition is to impose by foree of arms what you
conceive to be the best policy f the Roman people. I
conceive that you have placed the Republic in a fatal
situation, and I feel convinced that if you had previously
demanded the opinion of the Pope himself, he would
have declared against the step which yo:1 have taken;
nay, more, if I am well informed, the Nuncio at Paris, if
you had consulted him, would have been preVared to
dissuade you from such en act. You desire to aid the
temporal Prince when opposed and put down by his
people. But let me now examine the instructions which
zolr
was th 0
iyou have given to your agent. You (Filer him riot to
sin-
cerely in the political affairs of Rome. But is i',t sin-
roasly that such instructions are given? Cats ho be
ordererfof his
actions'
when he endeavours to Tostore
purpose of defending the Pope ? The
not at Rome, but at Milan; the qttestion
questio
was not religious, but political; the Prince was not
to be considered as the head of the Church, but as
a temporal S
is Austria that "ereign.—(Marks of dissent.)
It
bas to decide what will
be the co WrS e of
events at Rome; if Fran
its influence and its actcso countenances that power in
Is not Radetzky la •eighing
down Lombardy by his acts
commenced commenced a system of
arbol despotism? Has he nott
deny it, and therefore the decti:'ary rule? No ?rie, can
to found, I repeat it, in that tt the quest riots will
Italy, am! not at
Rome, once that France has thrownpart of
the welglo of her