The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-03 00:00:00

PORTUGAL.

By the Oriental Steam Company's ship Tagus,
which arrived at Southampton yesterday, advices have
been received from Lisbon to the 29th ult.
The Court are at Cintra. The KING had met with
an accident, having been thrown from his
horse ; his forehead was cut, but he sus-
tained no other injuries. The Government
have commenced a crusade against the press, and
almost all the Liberal and Miguelite journals are
under prosecution. A Congress of Agriculturists is
to be held in Lisbon during to the present month.
Lisbon Bank-notes have improved; their last quoted
price was about 37 per cent, discount. The exchange on
England is—thirty days, 54; ninety days, 52i.
There are magnificent crops of grain all over the
country, and an abundant wine harvest is also looked for.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
In the National Assembly on Tuesday certain inter-
pellations were made on the subject of the arrest of
M. EMILE DE GIRANDIN, and the suspension of La
Pi-esire. The result was that the Assembly passed a
vote 'of unlimited confidence in General CAVAIGNAC,
and declared that it was not necessary for him to
offer any explanations. It is quite true, as we stated
yesterday, that a demand has been made by the Pro-
visional Government of Milan for French intervention
in the affairs of Italy. Thp Patrie of Tuesday says—
" An envoy extraordinary from Lombardy, M. Guer-
rieri, member of the Provisional Government, arrived
this morning in Paris, bringing news that a Committee
o` Public Safety has been instituted at Milan, to ward
off the dangers of the country. This body is composed
of three members :---M5l. Maestri and Restelli and
Gen. Fanti, chosen by the Government from the Repub-
lican party. By this an imminent insurrection has been
avoided. The armamgnt and levy en masse are being
carried on with extraordinary activity. But on the 28th
ult., in the evening, at the departure of M. Guerrieri, it
was known at Milan that the Austrians were at Volta,
on the right bank of the Mincio, and that for 48 hours
there had not been any news of Charles Albert."
The French Government are disinclined to inter-
vention, and beyond sending a fleet to Ancona for
the protection of the Roman states, it is not probable
that they will interfere.

The following from the National may be consi-
dered as a declaration of the views of the French
GoVernment on the Italian question :

" The accounts which have reached us from Italy
confirm the disastrous news we have before received.
After a battle which had lasted three days, the Pied.
montese arm has fallen back to Goito; it still, however,
occupies the right bank of the Mincio as far as Pescbiera.
Badly commanded by General Perrone, the Lombardiun
troops surrendered.' The " Tuscans, it is said, did not
show more firmness; and as to the Modenese, they are
accused of having gone over to the enemy after killing
the Savoyard general who commanded them. The
numerous works of attack thrown up by the Piedmon-
tese tinder the walls of Verona have been thus lost. The
battering artillery has been taken and spiked. To this
let us add the want of provisions, and wo may fully com-
prehend the miserable position in which the army of
Charles Albert is now placed.
" It was very natural that these sad events should
have' produced a deep impression at Milan and at Turin.
In the former of these cities a committee of defence has
been formed to guard against the dangers which threaten
the country; in the latter, the Ministry has been
abruptly changed, and its successors have been chosen
in such a manner as to represent. at once both Piedmont
and the new provinces annexed to Sardinia. Thus M.
Casati, of Milan, has been appointed President of the
Council, and ho has for his colleagues M. Colegno Pa-
leocapo, a Venetian, M. Roast°. M. Ricci, and M. Fareto.
This new Cabinet is regarded rather unfavourably at
Twin, and one of our correspondents informs us that,
while be was writing, a numerous crowd were assembling
to get up a demonstration against them. At the same
time placards were posted up on all the walls of the city,
calling on the Chamber to set aside all other business,
and provide for the necessities of the war. En passant,
we may observe, that the Chamber would have done
well to have occupied themselves more with the affairs
of the Austrians, and less with those of the Dames du
Sacre Cceur. _ _

" But this is no time for recrimination. Italy must
be saved, and, if possible, she must save herself. How-
ever serious the state of affairs may be, we are from look-
ing on the country as lost. The resources within reach
of the Italians are too great for us to feel any uneasiness.
Union, however, is necessary; it is indispensable. Li t
all internal contentions, all private questions, all indi-
vidual differences be set aside. Let Italy, Turin,
Milan, Genoa, Rome, and Florence have but one idea,
shallo
almostinview,
and then independence will not be
l
console ourselves for this late check,
o; n
Nve object
if to put an end to these deplo-
rable those long-existing jealou-
sies which have compromised, and will compromise, the
Italian cause more, perhaps, than the efforts of the Aus-
trians themselves. United by a sentiment of their com-
mon danger, the Italians should set aside their private
quarrels until peace has been achieved. Lot them forget
their mutual wrongs, for the moment is ill chosen to
discus.: them. When the enemy is at the gates, all Italy
should fight as one man. It is neither a King nor a Pre-
sident that should occupy attention, but a sword. If
there be anywhere an army organized, let them rally to
it; if there be a general capable of commanding, let them
obey him, whencesoever he may come, and whatever
name he may bear.
" While Italy is making this effort for herself, France
will not remain inactive. The weight of her word will
be exercised in Germany, and behind that mediation,
offered and refused, will be her battalions. But once
again we express our hope that there will be no occasion
to deprive Italy of the honour of freeing herself with-
out foreign aid. All that is necessary is ono common
effort, and that her forces, instead of being weakened by
being too much divided, should bo concentrated so as to
act with one common effect.
"And now that we have stated these truths about
Italy, let us be permitted to give to Germany, iu her
turn, some little friendly advice. We have hailed with
sympathy her military tendencies. Not to embarrass
her in her emancipation, the French Republic has been
careful that its policy should contain, neither directly nor
indirectly, no menace of aggression, and, at the same
time, a disavowal of all idea of conquest. Free in
her movements Germany has gone on at her ease in
constituting her unity. Let her not, therefore, attack
in others the right of which she is herself so jealous.
We regret to say, however, that for same time she
has shown a want of respect for nationalities.
That element was sacrificed in the Grand Duchy of
Posen; then Schleswig was attacked; now it is Limburg
that it is sought to attach to the Germanic Confedera-
tion. A policy of invasion appears to penetrate by
degrees into Germany, and to excite much uneasiness in
the public mind. What is the result of this manner of
acting? It is that Panslavism is making constant pro-
gress, and that the Poles, so deeply irritated by the
massacres of Gallicia and the occupation of Cracow in
1846, are—will it be believed?—actually rallying to the
Czar, in return for certain concessions which he has
made to them. Will Germany be content to see Russia
increase her power, by the junction to her of all the
strength of the people of Sclavonian origin? Let her
look to this. her real enemy is not on the Adige,
and while Austria is drawing her troops from Cracow
and Gallicia to attack the Milanese, 150,000 armed and
well-mounted Russians are waiting in Poland, only a
word from Nicholas, to cross the frontier.
" It would be neither just nor politic for Germany to
seek a support in St. Petersburgh. Ti!. do Metternich
could follow no other policy, but in 1848 has inaugurated
a new system of European law. Absolute sovereigns
assist each other; let, then, the people league together to
save themselves. Italy independent, Poland free, will be
sure and more profitable allies for Germany
,than Russia,
conquering under the direction of Nicholas. '

.. _.
Such are the views of the moderate Republicans at
present in power in France, but the party which owns
M. TRIERS and °DILLON BARROT AV its chiefs is
not one whit more inclined to interfere in the affairs
of Italy. In speaking of the mission from Milan, the
Constitutionnel says—
" Wo need not observe how much this isolated step is
in contradistinction with the principle of fusion between
Lombardy and the kingdom of Sardinia, proclaimed by
the Chambers of both countries; we do not, therefore,
doubt that our Government will receive these overtures
with extreme reserve. itev,,rses cause discord amongst
the best friends. While the Milanese are seeking safety
elsewhere than in the Sardinian army, discontent has
also brok,,n out at Turin. There they are complaining
that the fusion treaty has thrown obstacles in the way
of their own measures for public safety. The defeat at
Villa Franca is attributed to the instability of the Lom-
bard battalions, who dragged the Tuscans along with
them, whose courage had been proved at the fight at
Curtatone, and they cry out against the Modenese, who
deserted to the enemy. In consequence they call for a
suspension of all questions but that of war, and in so
doing we think they are right, and wo hope all Italy will
follow the example. The question of independence pre-
cedes and overrules that of the constitution. It is time
that this truth should be well comprehended. Union
alone can save the country. It is said that the Duke
of Genoa declines the crown of Sicily until the war of
independence be terminated."