The Sun.
London, England, 1846-03-03 00:00:00

MARCH 3, 1846.

THE HAGUE, FEB. 26.—Accounts from Batavia, dated
the 31st of December, 1845, brought by the overland
mail, inform us that some disorders have taken place
among the people of Bantam, which had made it neces-
sary to send a small number of troops. The cause of
this movement is not yet precisely known, but what is
certainly known is, that sixty persons attacked, during
the night, the habitation of an European proprietor, and
assaulted him, his wife, and five children, in the most
savage manner. Three of the children were killed. It
is said, that two European keepers were likewise assassi-
nated. The cause of this murder is supposed to be per-
sonal vengeance. When the mail left, tranquillity was
restored. Another account says Mr. Kamphuis, his wife,
and five of his children, as well ac two European keepers,
or inspectors, had lost their lives—that hardly anything
was stolen—that the Resident of Bantam repaired to the
spot, but was obliged to return, there being a band of
three or four hundred persons—that a few troops were
then sent, which dispersed them, killing 22 of them. The
police arrested a hundred natives suspected of being
concerned in this affair. According to the declarations of
thnpersons arrested, it would seem that the cause of this
crime was, that Mr. Kampuis had considerably raised the
rent of the rice fields.

At Bandon, in the regency of Preangor, an assistant-
resident had been assassinated by a. Chinese; he was
alighting From his carriage ; he received a violent blow
on the head, which caused his death. This assassination
bad no other cause than personal hatred.
We learn, also, that the public coffers at Riouw had
been plundered by pirates of 30,000 florins.
There had been great inundations in the Presidency
of Baglen I)jokjokarta, which had done much damage
to the bridge and the roads. Many houses and numbers
of cattle were swept away, but none of the inhabitants
had perished.
_ _ _

THE HAGUE, FEB. 24.—The central section of the
Second Chamber has concluded its report on the project
of law relative to the grant of indemnity to the persons
who had suffered by the military inundations. It seems
that in the section 15 members w( re in favour and 21
against the grant, alleging that the sufferers had no
right to an indemnity.
THE HAGUE, FEB. 26.—The central section of the
Second Chamber sat yesterday and today, to examine,
the several projects of law. It is expected that the
Chamber will meet on Saturday to receive the report of
the central section on some projects of law, the debates
on which will take place at the beginning f next week.
It is said that the Chamber will be adjourned till after
Easter.

THE HAGUE, FEB. 22.—1 t appears from the preliminary
report of the Central Section of the Second Chamber respect-
ing the project of law which places the Russian flag on the
same footing as those of the most favoured nations, that the
States General have received with satisfaction this proposal,
which gives them an opportunity to concur with the Go-
vernment on a measure which assimilates the Russian flag
to the flag of the most favoured nations, which must have
the most advantageous consequence for the commerce and
navigation of the Netherlands, and which is a new step
towards a most liberal system of commerce. Several obser-
vations were, however, made in the Central Section on this
project of law. The Section of the Second Chamber will
meet to-morrow, to continue the examination of the pro-
posal for revising the standing orders of the Chamber.
AMSTERDAM, FEB. 23.—The Staats Couran: of to-day
contains the additional articles to the regulations agreed to
on the 10th of October, 1836 ; the 12th of September, 1837 ;
the 20th of September, 1839 ; the Bth of July, 1841; and the
sth of November, 1842, between the Netherlands and France,
relative to the post-offiee. The chief subject of these ad-
ditional articles is, that letters originating in the kingdom of
the Netherlands, and destined for the several countries of the
Swiss Confederation, which are forwarded through France,
may be sent to the post-office of France, pre-paid or not, to
the place of destination ; and, on the other hand, letters from
the Swiss countries, destined for the Netherlands, may be
forwarded through France, pre. paid or not, to the place of
destination in the Netherlands.

HANOVER, FEB. 19.—The following are said to be the par-
ticulars of the negotiations between the Treasury and Baron
Rothschild, 'respecting a loan of seven millions of dollars for
the railways. Baron Rothschild, in union with four bankers
of this city, was ready to contract for a loan to the amount of
seven millions dollars at 3i per cent. interest, but at the rate
of 90 per cent., and even this 90 per cent. was not to be paid
in full, but to be reduced by commission, so that the Treasury
would receive 87 or 88 per cent. The Treasury, as we hear,
have rejected these proposals, and broken off the negotiations.
BERLIN, FEB. 19.—( From the Universal Prussian Gazette.)
—The latest accounts from Posen, which aro to the 17th, in
the evening, say that the province was perfectly tranquil,
and that most of the arrests of persons out of Posen, ordered
on the 14th, had been effected. With respect to the move-
ments of troops, the General commanding in Posen, acting
by virtue of authority previously given him, has given orders
to some of the troops in garrison at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, and
the neighbourhood, and in the environs of Breslau, to march
into the Grand Duchy, and by the certainty of powerful sup-
port to remove the apprehension which began to manifest
itself in some places among the German population.

ASHFORD MECHANICS'
INSTITUTION.

A lecture on the "Art and Science of Political Economy"
was delivered on Thursday evening last at the Mechanics'
Institution in this town, to a c: owded meeting of its mem-
bers, by the Rev. John Dufton, Rector of Warehorne. The
Rev. Lecturer observed that the science to which he was
about to call their attention was usually spoken of as
one of the most modern. This was only in part true,
as its novelty consisted in the arrangement of well-
known facts. The advance in chemistry, mathematics,
and natural philosphy in modern times was held sufficient
to constitute them new sciences, and yet the greatest inno-
vations were regarded as improvements. He ccnsidered
the name of Political Economy a disadvantage, and unfor-
tunately chosen and calculated to lead to incorrect notions.
Adam Smith has designated his work a treatise on the
"Wealth of Nations." Others have described Political
Economy as the "Science of Exchanges ;" and again it has
been proposed by others to designate it the "Philosophy of
Commerce." It is plain, however, said the Rev. Gentleman,
that this most important branch of science has for its
oiject to ascertain the philosophical principles of juris-
prudence, and, in the circumstances of man's external con-
dition, to point out that the most effectual plan for the
advancement of human improvement and happiness is to
conform to the principles and that order of things recom-
mended by nature. Of the truth of these remarks en-
lightened men seem now to be generally convinced • for
the most celebrated works which have been- produced in
different countries of Europe, by Adam Smith, Huskisson,
Ricardo, Turgot, Quesnai, Beccatia, and others, have aimed
at the improvement of society by this means. After speak-
ing with much force on the importance and utility of the
science, and pointing out " wealth" as having no more
necessary connexion with avarice or sordid selfishness than
the inquiries of the physiologist and the chemist respecting
the organs of digestion and absorption of nutriment with
gluttonous excess, the lecturer remarked that nations the
most ignorant and poor, and tribes the most savage, are as
prone to avarice as any others. After noticing and refuting
the opinions of those who contend that a poor country is
more favourably situated for virtue than a rich one, he
went on to show that even if wealth were admitted to he
an evil, it was still necessary to study its nature and its
production, the causes which promote or impede its in-
crease, and the laws which regulate its distribution, just as
bodily diseases are made the subject of laborious and minute
inquiry by physicians, with a view to their cure. The
Rev. Gentleman then made some striking and valuable re-
marks on the prevailing fallacies connected with common
sense and experience, in order to prove that men in general
give their testimony in favour of the former in those cases
only -where they themselves have nothing else to trust to—
resorting to systematic study—to rules of art and science
in those of which they respectively possess the knowledge.
The sailor, fur instance, would laugh at the idea of navi-
gating a ship by common sense; se would the architect in
building, and the physician in the treament of diseases.
As regards experience, the lecturer adduced some beautiful
and interesting illustrations to prove that time alone does
not necessarily confer experience, nor carrying on business
one way necessarily confer experience in another, and that
the idea of enlightening incorrect reasoners by giving them
more knowledge is like the tale of the school-boy making
a flat roof and laying on more straw to prevent the rain
soaking through. His more intelligent companion saw a
new arrangement was wanting. Straw is also wanting,
but no quantity will supply the want of knowing how to
build. After dwelling on anatomy, and physiology, as fur-
nishing a most important part of natural theology, he ad-
verted to the practical success which is invariably found in
proportion to the scientific knowledge men pOssess, and
added, the more these sciences were studied, the more light is
thrown on the wisdom of contrivance which the structure of
organized bodies displays—inferences which he thought were
obvious, although, perhaps, not really more clear and valid
than in any other. In the beautiful words of the poet,
" All nature is but art unknown to thee,
All chance direction which thou canst not sec."
If, then, order and regularity prevail in the material world
(he continued), equally do they predominate throughout
moral and intellectual existences. An attentive inquirer
would perceive a no less admirable apparatus for the pro-
gress of society. The Rev. Gentleman proceeded to notice the
division of labour, and the co-operation which is required
before a single pin can be made and brought to market,
and the many thousands of workmen necessary to provide
the coarse, rough coat of the day-labourer in a civilized
community. Who then could venture to estimate the
number of people who combine their labour before a large
city is supplied with provisions and the useful objects they
enjoy? After quoting one of the most profound thinkers
and powerful reasoners of the present age, to show
.with
what ease this wonderful and important end is accomplished
by private interest, operating on the numerous class of
wholesale, andmore especially retail traders—a mechanism
which no wisdom of man can direct so well, he said " no
wisdom of man," foi in this instance, as in most others.
there are the sanle works of contrivance and—design, with
a view to a beneficial 4nd, which we .admire in other
branches of Natural Theology; nay, it tended more to
.ex-
cite our admiration to contemplate rational agenta,,po-ope-
rating, not by gravitation and impulse like inert matter,
but by motiyes addressed to the will—presenting to the
reflective mind a branch of Natural Theology more striking
than any other. " The heavens do indeed declare the glory
of God," and the human body is " fearfully and wonder-
fully made ;" but if the phenomena connected with man
as a rational agent and a member of society were as well
understood as Anatomy and Physiology, it would exhibit
even more striking marks of Divine wisdom than we have
any knowledge of. After a few striking remarks en what
is called pure and uncultivated nature, in remote and
sequestered districts—on those who speak of the manly
virtue and practical wisdom of our rude and simple fore-
fathers, and regard vice as something imported from
thronged cities, smoky workshops, and bustling manufac-
tories, the lecturer went on to prove, at some length, that
as tendencies to deceit, sensuality, and all other vices exist
in all mankind in every state of society—a fact which men
may learn from observation, conscientiousness, and Holy
Writ—so the counteracting and restraining checks of pru-
dence, morality, and religion have the less or more sway,
speaking generally, according as a community is more or less
advanced from a state of rude and barbarian ignorance. He
concluded that, as a general rule, advancement in
"national wealth," which men are adapted for and im-
pelled to promote by the Most High, must be favourable
to moral improvement, and that they have by this means
been designed to advance in :virtue, and true wisdom, and
happiness. " But," continued the Rev. Gentleman, "I am very
far from thinking we have realised the advantages which
increasing national wealth holds out as regards moral, in-
tellectual, and religious advancement. It is certainly true
our condition in this island is much improved, as compared
with what it was when our Anglo. Saxon ancestors were
first settled in it; yet I hope and trust those who follow us
two or three centuries hence will look upon us as semi-
barbarians—that commerce between different countries,
rendering them mutually dependent, will lessen their disposi-
tion to go to war—and that slavery and war (which, if
Christianity were heartily and generally embraced,. would be
entirely unknown) will, by the spread of civilization and just
views of political economy, be banished from the earth."
During the delivery of his lecture, of which the above is a
neagre outline, the Rev. Gentleman was frequently. greeted
with warm applause, and he resumed his seat amid much
,heering.—Kentish Gazette.

DUTCH SPIRITS,—On a memorial, some time since,
to the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, by
certain parties, importerts of geneva from Holland, praying
relief in regard to the construction put by the officers of the
revenue, under the superintendence of the Customs' Depart-
ment, upon the recant act of the last session of Parliament,
cap. 86, as applicable to spirits imported in glass bottles for
the purpose of re-exportation to the British colonies, the
authorities received a communication from Mr. Cardwell,
one of the secretaries to the Lords of the Treasury, stating
that he has been commanded by their Lordships to convey
to them their permission for directions to be issued allowing
geneva to be imported in glass bottles, containing not more
than three pints or 12 gills each. This privilege, it appears,
had been permitted for a length of time previously to the Act
mentioned coming into operation, which Act, in the opinion
of the officers (prohibiting as it does, as ageonreoratlherruvlee,sc theo
vessels
importation of foreign spirits, unless in
csasuckh casks or other
capable of containing liquids, e
vessels being of the size: or content of
of
of 20 gallons at the least,
or in glass bottles or stone bottles not exceeding the size of
' quart bottles, and being really part of the cargo of the ship
in which the same are imported, and included in the mani-
fest or other papers enumerating or descriptive 'of the
cargo thereof), caused an objection to the continuance of
the practice, and therefore they did not feel justified in
sanctioning the privilege, until the reception by them of a
proper authority from the Treasury in the matter, and as an
extensive and important trade had sprung up in conse-
quence of the length of time the privilege had been per-
mitted, which was threatened with serious detriment, if not
total extinction, if the privilege were at once and suddenly
withdrawn, the memorial in question to the Lords of the
cers
Treasury was rendered necessary, and whicoh producede the
tsoancbil:enoi.7.ficontinued
to Lordships forthestahmeepatrtibes
aclolundti A
e
thteedir.
the purpose of exportation, a ques..
Theimportation of the article in bottlese to
memorial of
on the matter Vas to be deemed
referring only id the
made by the revenue officers
r importations for home use
as ofto
tt
ihoen
hassize mentionedrecoilti
y bfetrn
plication from the party
applicable whether tb
to
0 Treasurysuch
and oral: d
simi;z
equally as for exportation, and on ....'l3
concerned to the heads of' the deparLment requesting the
delivery of a case of the spirit importedfrom Holland in
glass bottles containing 8i gills each, detained b; the revenue
officers as being each half a gill under the m-ner, size,
as restricted by the 63d section of the Act 8 and 9 Vi;-:thrit.
cap. 86, above quoted, it has been decided that the order .°1
the Treasury, made In consequence of the former memorial on
the subject to them, as before stated, is to be understood to
Include all importations of geneva from Holland, whether for
home consumption or otherwise, and not to be restricted to
importations of the article for the purpose of exportation
only. This is of considerable importance; and it is not im-
probable that, as geneva is included amongst the list of articles'
on which it is intended that a reduction of duty to a can-
siderable extent shall shortly take place, the importation of
the spirit for h in..
eaisumption in this country will b
creased.
SUICIDE OF A l‘TEßS:lllNT.—Yesterday afternoon an
inquest was held at the Ilairq;:on-cattrt Palace, Ilanipton-street,
Newing,tott, before Mr. Carter, on t;: body of Mr. John Shaw, an
American merchant, who committed stll.,:2de by cutting his throat,
under the following melancholy eircumstantx:.s'—Elizabeth Finch,
housemaid in the service of the deceased, who
~resided at No. 5;
Walworth-terrace, deposed that her late master was a merchant,
_nn of the
and had only been married eight weeks before the commis,
rash act. For some weeks the deceased had been In a low, des,
-ond-
g state of mind, which witness believed was owing to the un
M orth."
nate gentleman believing that he should lose considerable property
in Hudson's Bay and other parts of North America, in the event of
the expected war with that country breaking out. On Friday morn-
ing she took up to the deceased hot water for shaving. Soon after
het' mistress called the deceased, hut received no answer. Witness
and her mistress went up to his bed-room, but the deceased was not
there. The door of an adjoining dressing-room was locked inside,
and on this being forced open, the deceased was discovered on his
'ogees, with his throat cut in a dreadful manner, and the floor
covered with a pool of blood. Her master was alive, but appeared
insensible, and could not articulate. Witness went for Mr. Btodgyo,
a surgeon, who promptly arrived. The deceased died adbocucand,
o'clock the same day. Several witnesses, friends of the c
rctunied a verdict
agitated flir soma time past, after which the jury
spoke to the state of his mind as having been much depressed and
of temporary inss:nitY• Re.—On Monday after-
noon the general a
HOSPITAL F 0,71. CoN3
SifouNrrtToif°Ullii's institution was held at the
-utc.t.etruifiscn' in Chelsea, John Labouchere, Esq., in
to.the
jamtihtuetilaonte.
other encouraging matters, stated
board-rosin of the inst.
o'n,i-n2°,nogool. had been bequeathed by
near Uxbridge,
thatths cthhael rn.,Zilfilecernetp,o;
trttm,
621. 125 was on Su iluaY evening collected at St. Mary's.
The sum of •
Bev. Henry Campbell, of CeJle.3:4,
Church, nryanston-scoare, after At sermon by the Rev. Thomas Ro-
hlnsOni A.M.