The Sun.
London, England, 1870-11-29 00:00:00

MR. FREEMAN'S VIEW.

Mr. E. A. Freeman, the historian, writes another
letter on the morality of treaties. He argues that treaties
are naturally changeable; that they can be no more made
for all time than a law. " But there is this wide difference
between the two. If the laws of any State work badly,
the legislature of that State can at once change them. Se
it is in any case of dispute or •wrong between tive
members of the same political community; there is
a common authority ready to step in between
the two and by whose award both are bound. In hr
ternational dealings there is nothing of the kind.
What is called international law is not law in the strict
sense. It is of great use in helping to keep the passions
of nations in some degree of order; but it is not strictly
law, because there is no judge to enforce it. Every
nation must reserve to itself the right of deciding in the
last case whether it will obey its rules or not. It dos
so, subject to the chance of other notions making
war upon it ; that is, subject to the appeal to
force. But the fact that the appeal to force is the lot
appeal chews that the matter is one which does not come
within the range of law strictly so called. The conduct
of England and of every other European Power in declin-
ing at its pleasure to carry out the obligations of treaties
may be ruled to be illegal and immoral. But
if it be not so ruled, those words do not
apply to Russia for exercising the same right. Die
nation strictly carries out its treaties ; it disregards thea3
at pleasure, subject to the last appeal to arms. And it
does seem to me that for Russia to say openly that she
does not intend to be bound by a particular treaty is more
honest than the usual way of getting out of a treaty hi,
picking a quarrel and getting up a war on some underhand
pretext." •

We regret to learn that Dr. Bowers, the Dean of
Manchester, is seriously unwell.
Lieutenant Colonel Creagh-Osborne, of the first
battalion 6th Regiment has been made a C.B.
Some important bits of news are given in a letter fron'
the Standard's correspondent near Autun. He says there
is a certainty that enormous quantities of American rifleo
have been distributed among the southern levies, and that
the latter have been lately pushed in masses on Orleans
to support D'Aurelle, towards the vicinity of whose caraP,
there are also being sent numerous convoys of emptY
carts, supposed to be intended for collecting supplies for
Paris.

A protest has been published which was addressed to
Marshal Le Bceuf by the colonel and the officers of the
41st Regiment, before the news of the capitulation of
Metz was officially conveyed to them. They declared
themselves opposed to the surrender of an army which
had not been beaten by the enemy, and expressed their
readiness to carry out any energetic movement which
might be determined upon to avert the necessity of
so great a disaster as the capitulation of Metz would be.
Communication is carried on between Paris and the
provinces by means of photography. In the letter from
Paris four questions may be asked, to which the provincial
correspondent should reply by " yes " or " no." The cards
on which the answers are written are taken to the director,
who copies them by microscopic photography, and sonde
them by pigeons or otherwise to Paris, whence they are
sent to their destination.

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81R7718.

On the 25th inst., at 24, Carlisle-terrace, Kensington, th©

wife of Charles'l. Beihell, Esq., of a ion. -
On the 26th inst., at Beulah-hill, Norwood, the wife of
Ernest George, of a daughter.

MARRIAGES.

•
On the 24th inst., at All Souls', Langhamplace, Edwarcl
John, younger son of Henry Hardy Tatam, Esq., of
Moulton, Lincolnshire, to Marion, younger daughter of
the late F. H. Waller, of Broadway, Worcestershire.

On the 25th inst., at St. Mary's, Islington, Mr. Augustno
Boyce, of Edgware-road, St. John's-wood, to selinft
Sprado, eldest daughter of Mr. John Samuel Hall, of
Torrington, Devonshire.

DEATHS.

On the 25th inst., suddenly, in Cornhill, Mr. Joseph North',
• of Bishopsgate- street, city, and Gravesend, aged 75.
On the 25th inst., at Wimborne Minster, William Wilson,
aged 81.

London • Printed by GIDEON ACLAND BOYCE, of
No. 112, Strand, Printer, and Published by him at
Tar Surt Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the
Savoy, in the County of Middlesex.
Tuesday, November 29, 1870,