The Sun.
London, England, 1870-05-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1870.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.

The Archbishop of Canterbury left Addington-park
on Thursday, for his marine villa,-Stonehouse, in the Ifsle
of Tha,net. . It is thought that a month's residence at the
seaside, at this time of the year, will be of great use to
the Archbishop. His health has improved greatly during
the last few weeks, and several friends have visited his
Grace in succession. Amongst them have been the
Bishop of London and Mrs. Jackson, the Dean of West-
minster and Lady Augusta Stanley,the Dean of Durham,
the Dean of Ripon, and Mr. J. Hassard.

THE RED RIVER EXPEDITION.

The New York Herald of May 6 publishes a long account
of the British expedition against Fort Garry from its
correspondent at Montreal " There seems," he says "to
be an impression prevailing generally in Canada that the
expedition fitting out for Red River 'will not meet with
any serious resistance, but will prove to lse only a sort of
escort to officers proceeding to establish law and order;•
that when the command reaches Fort Garry the settle-
meits will receive it in a friendly manner, and that the
only questions to be settled will be the responsibility of
Riel for the shooting of Scott. Of course this is all only
conjecture on the part of the confident Canadians, who
have an idea that the mere rumour that an expedition
would be sent against Fort Garry would strike abject
terror into the souls of every Winnipegger." The Herakl
correspondent is less sanguine, being, perhaps, not alto-
gether -disinterested. The French Catholics in Canada,
numbering 80 out of some ISO members, sympathise with
their Red River brethren. The conscientious people of the
Dominion are also averse to it as they "realise what a ras-
cally operation the whole businessof the transfer" has been.
The natural enemies of the party in power are also against
it, being glad to avail themselves of such a weapon against
the Ministry. The Fenian scare in Canada, continues
this correspondent, is subsiding, but the Red River pre-
parations still keep the military on the qui vire, and occa-
sion a vast deal of drilling, parading, brass-banding, &c.,'
while the hotel registers are filled with colonels, majors,
captains, &c., to a degree that forcibly suggests to a
Yankee the scenes in Washington in 1862. After enume-
rating the regular troops now in Canada, the writer goes
on to describe the Canadian Militia, which includes all
the male inhabitants of Canada between the ages of
eighteen and sixty, with certain exceptions, such
as judges, clergy, schoolmasters, the only sous
of widows, &c. The militia is divided into two
' classes active and reserve, and the law provides for
annual paid drills of 40,000 officers and men, in addition
to the reserve militia, numbering 656,500. The expedition
is to be drawn from both the regulars and the militia. Very
little is known of the country to whioh it is going, and
not a publication about Red River can be had in Mon-
treal It is marvellous that no American publisher has
been enterprising enough to produce something which
would be eagerly bought by the hundreds who are anxiously
seeking details. The expedition will contain about 2,000
men, 1,000 of them being regulars.
A large number.of Indians, half breeds and other men
familiar with woodcraft and wilderness travel, will be
employed as canoe men, scouts, and guides, and the expe-
dition, when ready to set out en its march from Fort
William, on the western side of Lake Superior, will pro-
bable be the most complete military organisation ever
formed for such a campaign. Boats capable of holding
twenty men each will be taken by the expedition for the
navigation of the small lakes and water courses between
Lake Superior and Fort Garry. It was intended to send
forward men with provisions to form depots at various
points along the route, but this idea has been abandoned
on the ground that their possible destruction by theft, or
accident. or surprise, might ruinously affect the expedi-
tion. Stores are being collected, blankets purchasad, and
steamers chartered, and it is hoped that the expedition
will be afloat by the 10th of May. If, however, the Ist of
June finds them started, there will be no cause for com-
plaint. To transport 2,500 men, with two months' pro-
visions, horses, cattle, and artillery, will require a big
flotilla, and the march will necessarily be slow and toil-.
some, probably requiring all of July to reach Fort Garry.
Lieutenant-General Lindsay, commanding the British
troops in Canada, has the charge'of the fitting out of the
1 expedition, and Colonel Wolsley, the commanding officer,
is described as " a very magnificent soldier," who has seen
service in New Zealand, Ca.ffraria, India, the Crimea and
China. He wears seven medals, including the Victoria
Cross. The military rendezvous of the expedition is
established at Toronto. The use of the Crystal Palace at
that city has been given by its managers to the Dominion
Government for barracks, and the troops, as fast as theyare
collected,will be concentrated there and organised into coin-
panics. The route of the expedition is a long and painful
one. The first 540 miles, however, are comparatively easy of
accomplishment. Steamers will transport the expedition
from Collingwood up the Georgian Bay and through Lake
Huron, 250 miles to the entrance into Lake Superior at
the St. Marie nal, concerning the use of which_the
policy of the government at Washington has been so
closely scrutinized. At this point the navigation between
Lake Huron and Lake Superior is conducted by means of
a canal about 2,000 yards long on Michigan soil. It is
generally understood that the -United States' Government
will not permit the Red River expedition to pais over any
of its territory, and that the canal will be closed against
the steamers of the expedition. This imposes upon the
command the necessity of disembarking and marching a
short distance on Canadian soil to Lake Superior, and
with all the supplies and paraphernalia of the campaign
to unload, carry and reship, in view of which the in-
convenience to the expedition seems. to be very
great. Indeed it is not improbable that the supplies,
&c. are now quietly going through that canal,
and all have passed comfortably on to Thunder Bay
before Uncle Sam is aware of it. From the St. Marie
canal to Fort William, in Thunder Bay, is a sail by
steamer of 288 miles. Here the expedition leaves the
steamers and strikes out into the uninhabited 'wilderness.
The chief iliMuulties begin at Vert The Demi-
.
mon papers are some of them inclined to represent these
in their worst possible light. The Montreal News of April
29 says it is taken for granted that horses or oxen and
fodder will be provided at Thunder Bay, because neither
hay nor oats can be produced at that spot. The expedi-
tion we shall imagine landed at Thunder Bay.
It will then have forty miles land travel. At
starting the ground rises abruptly three hundred feet
within the first half mile, and keeps ascending for ten
miles, when an altitude of 1060 feet will be attained ; it
then descends slightly until the river Kaminitiquia is
reached, when the road sinks rapidly. It is a toss up
whether the spring freshets have not swept away the
Kaminitiquia bridge, but, supposing it to exist, the oppo-
site bank offers a sharp ascent of 750 feet. From that
point to Lake Shebandowan twenty miles of mountain
roads must be traversed, and over the entire forty miles
the boats and all the food supplies, hospitals, and war
material must be dragged and depots established. There
will be needed, at the lowest estimate, a hundred horses
and carts, because the cattle must transport their,own
food. Lake Shebandowan is twenty-nine and a half miles
long, hence its further extremity is sixty-nine and a half
miles from Thunder Bay. The traverse of the lake will
not offer any difficulties, but between that lake and Lake
Baskaboiwe are three short sharp portages. Ii horse
transport is to be employed the cattle must be brought on
in special boats with stores of fodder ; if no cattle are pro-
vided, then everything must be portaged on men's backs;
the camp line must come into requisition. The expedition
cannot hope for any fighting for the first three hundred
miles, because the country is so denuded and bare that no
enemy can conceal themselves. The difficulties will
consist in the natural impediments of the country--a
road broken by incessant portages, so that at each break a
fresh system of transport must be organised. A land
route, however wretched, can be repaired, but this mud
turtle one will be something unknown in military move-
ments. We hope Colonel Wolseley is even-tempered and
not given to swearing, because his patience will be sorely
tested, and his hardest trial awaits him when he roaches
the shores of the Lake of the Woods. That lake is ninety
miles from Fort Garry, and near it Riel will make a stand
if he means to fight. Our reasons for so thinking are,
that he will be close to his base of supplies, with prairies
in his rear, by which to escape, and thick evergreen cover
for his riflemen. The Lake of the Woods is an impostor ;
it is not like decent lakes that know their bohnds ; its
excuse is the depressed 'character of the land. One tries
to reach shore, but no shore can be found, and, after push-
ing and pulling till no further progress can be made, those
who wish to continue their journey must jump out of the
boa=ts; they will- find themselves on what Mr. Dawson
poetically describes as a "lake-like marsh:" They must
not be discouraged when they discover that they cannot
reach the sandy bottom until they are waist deep or
shoulder deep in slush. No animal can venture on its sur-
face. A canal could be dug or fascines laid • but then.
Riel might object to so obvious an assertion Of proprie-
tary rights. There will be one advantage in wading
for several miles through this " lake-like marsh "—only
half of the body can he exposed to the demands of the
mosquitoes. Such is a short sketch of the road to Fort'
Garry. The description is not an attractive one ; but
Colonel Wolseley will find the realities more serious."
The correspondent of the New York Herald reports that
many persons predict hard fighting, as it is believed 3,000
Fenians will be concentrated at Fort Garry by the time
the expedition gets there. It is well known that
O'Donohue, Riel's right hand man, is a zealous Fenian,
and that le has not only been a constant writer for
Fenian papers in the United States, but has been in close
communication with the -Fenian leaders ever since the
Red River troubles first commenced. Last winter an
accredited and trusty agent of the Fenian headquarters
was sent to Fort Gerry to arrange for Fenian co-operation
in resistance to the authority of the Dominion Govern-
ment, and when it is taken into consideration that the
Red River flag in half Fenian, that the late Fenian
excitement along the Canadian border was caused by the
Fenians for the purpose of blinding . the authorities
respecting the real plan to throw men and mate
rial across the Minnesota frontier into Red Rivera
and that the Fenians have always been on the
look-out for just such an opportunity to make a descent
upon British territory and establish •an Irish Republic,
the prospect of lively times at Fort Garry seems to be
pretty clear. Information from Chicago and St. Paul,
and the whispered rumours in Canadian official circles,
clearly indicate that the Fenians will note be idle when the
Red River crisis approaches, and the expedition may find
its long and wearisome march through swamps and over
precipices the least of the difficulties to be encountered in
its occupation of Rupert'i Land. The Dominion Govern-
ment expects to have the friendly co-operation of all the
Indians in the Red River country, but with the stores and
other property of the Hudson Bay Company at his com-
mand, Riel may be able to purchase as many Indian allies
as the expedition. Such is an outline of the expedition
drawn from an American point of view. No newspaper
correspondents are to accompany it, which is rather a re-
prieve for them, as the undertaking-is thus summed up :
Crossing thb Red River, about 300 feet wide, the expe-
dition will at last, after 538 miles by steamer, 3491 miles
by boats, and 144 miles of marching, reach Fort Garry'
1,0311-miles from Collingwood."

CIVIL SERVICE.—The great opposition to the
Civil Service Bill arises in Congress. The people aflarge
have no objection to see the public departments filled
with capable and honest men. But to ask members of
Congress to pass a measure depriving them of patronage
and influence is like inviting people to cut off their own
heads. Mr. Schenck and other gentlemen are, however,
in favour of Mr. Jenckes' bill, foreseeing that the want of
some reform such as it embodies must yet work serious
mischief. Mr. Jenckes must persevere. No great change
of this kind was ever accomplished without patience and
hard lighting.—New York Times.

MR. SEWARD ON LAKES.

AUBURN, NEW YORK, May G.

A delegation of twenty of the prominent citizens of
Skaneateles paid a complimentary visit .to Governor
SeWard, at four o'clock this afternoon, at his mansion. A
collation was served, during which the Rev. Mr. Palmer
addressed Mr. Seward in behalf of the delegation, tender-
ing their hearty thanks for the privilege of the interview.
Mr. Seward responded in the following words :—" Gentle-
men,—Your ow I Skaneateles was the first lake I ever.
saw. I have since seen 'many others in North America,
and some. asewhere. Nevertheless , I still think your
little lake, with the smiling village of Skaneateles re-
flected in its blue waters, is about the finest one I ever
saw. Owasco is a trifle nearer nie, but neither more
admired nor more loved. All our lakes are beautiful, and
when I meet an old settler I seldom think, and I don't at
all care, whether he comes from the Owasco, the Skan-
eateles, the Otisco, the Cazenovia, the Onondaga, the
Otsego, the Oneida, the Seneca or the Cayuga Lake, or
from Lake Ontario, or Lake Erie, or Lake George, or
Lake Champlain, the dwellers on the shores of all the
lakes are so much alike, and I have been so long in the
habit of feeling as they feel, thinking what they think,
and doing, unless I can shew a good reason to the con-
trary, what they command. Sometimes a visitor drops
upon me here. I never fail in that case, whether my
guest is from an Eastern city, from Mexico, the West
Indies or the Pacific Coast, from an European capital or
from Pekin, to shew him the houses of my neighbours,
that he may see the independence and comfort in which
they live—their Republican simplicity and their devotion
to progress and civilisation. Is it a conceit of mine,
gentlemen, that the lake countries inspire and elevate—
that they stimulate loyalty and patriotism,- philanthropy
and religion ? When the wandering Aztecs of the North
reached the summits in which the green valley of Mexico
is set, their priests affected a revelation which directed
that the capital of the future Montezumas should
be built in the waters of the Tezcuco. The won-
derful city thus created by savage hands remains
the enviable metropolis of civilised, Republican
Mexico. A like pretended revelation received by Brigham
Young on Vision Rock determined the site of Great
.Salt
Lake City, at once an anomaly and marvel of civilisation,
and ultimately to become, as I believe, a great social and
moral ppwer in the centre of the Rocky Mountains. Is.
there any poetry yet living in England that was not born.
at Windermere? What has there ever been of moral,
political, or religious reform in Scotland that is not
associated by history, romance, or song with Loch Katrine
and Loch Lombnd ? Did not Pliny find on the beach of
Como the literature, philosophy, and manners which he
loved and taught ? and was it not here that Garibaldi
organised the Republican revolution against the intrusive
Houses -of Bourbon and Hapsburg ? We trace to the
shore of Lake Leman with equal certainty the Iconoclas-
tic Republican religion of Calvin, and the social contract
theory of Rousseau. I think that the patriarchal history
would lone much of its instruction, if all mention of the
cities of the plains and the Dead Sea, had been suppressed.
And what would remain of even our blessed Chrifili-
anity itself if the writets of the Gospel had omitted the
narrative of Gennesaret, its waters and winds,
picturesque villages and humble fishermen. I sit
upon my door-sill here, and I look upon the travellers 9f
Europe and Asia, passing by day and by night over our
central railroads, and upon an inland trade, exceeding all
our foreign commerce, ever moving on from the interior
of the continent to the ocean tides, on a canal which is
nothing more than the gentle overflow of our own beau-
tiful lakes gathered into a long and deep artificial river.
The thought then arises that the places in which our
lives are cast are not only pleasant and inspiring, but they
are also a seat of empire. I came back, after a long and
wearying absence, to this my ancient house, not unlike one
of our native mariners, who, having for forty years buf-
feted the winds and waves of many climes and seas, finds
rest at last upon the sunny shore where his early life was
passed, content and thankful to God that no ship that
was intrusted to his care has been wrecked ; no crew lost ;
no owners ruined. A thousand thanks, then, my friends,
for this generous welcome. May our Heavenly Father
grant us to live affectionately while we are permitted to
live together, And to cultivate always the charity and
the sympathy with other men and other nations which,
while they bring cheerfulness to ourselves, are at the same
time the chosen means of Providence for the amelioration
of human woes throughout the world."

THE NORTH-WEST QUESTION.
The excited character of the debates in Dominion .Par-
liament on the North-west uestion shows that soFIY4
members feel very sore.about what has been done. r-rrc
is hardly surprising. Ex-Governor McDougall was e
to retire from the Red River Territory under oircuPt3;
stances " which reflected little credit for saPcl,,,,.'.
or foresight upon the Ministry which sent how
Of -course he resents • the conduct of extY °dis.
who is oven suspected of planning his _f
comfiture. Probably the most curious part r.
the matter, and the one which will strike outside 'Ph
servers the most, is the evident suspicion with will,
certain gentlemen are regarding each other. They seeee
in the condition of angry men who are compelled to kl;
secrets, and long to blurt them all out for the sake
making mischief. Mr. M`Dou,gall charged Air. 11°wy,:
the Secretary of State, with aggravating the Red' 11'-ve',
troubles, and he called for a Committee of Inquiry. T
would be great propriety in the appointment of
soon d
committee, and the,facts it might bring to light wo 4
probably be interesting as well as instructive.— New 11.°r
Times.

THE- MARSEILLAISE.
Whenever there id a " strike" of dissatisfied workil
mon in any city of France, the strikers give expresso_
to their feelings by marching through the stre.er
singifig the " Marseillaise." Whenever an inns.
dual in any part of France suffers wrong at 5
hands of a judge or public functionary, 'het 'thell
revenge by singing, or attempting to sing,
Marseillaise." When the students of a noirl
,1
school in Paris quarrel with a professor, they inu'c'j
ire
their feelings in the premises by driving him frow
chair and singing the Marseillaise." In short, whetoir
ever a Frenchman, anywhere in France, is subjected
any indimnity or outrage, or feels very much disconten?i%
or' gets 'highly excited, he betakes himself to a Put
highway or private apartment, where he sings,
about singing the " Marseillaise." It is a happy thing
Frenchmen that Rouget de Lille composed for thew 'ue
~„
a stirring revolutionary hymn as the " Marseillaise.
Am York Tribune. •
or thin, 'r