The Sun.
London, England, 1848-01-17 00:00:00

MONDAY EVNNING, JANUARY 17, 1843.

The: Star says, many deputies were still absent, and
six or eight others were expected to leave during the
week, notwithstanding the critical state of affairs in
which the republic is placed. The Government was
occupied with the regulation of the army. A decree
was about to be issued on the subject, contemplating
the number of the standing army at 20,000 men.
There was some design entertained of sending a
Mexican commissioner to Washington, to solicit the
appointment of commissioners, to meet at Havannah,
and arrange the terms of a treaty of peace. We are
not yet prepared to say how authentic is this report.
By the courier from Queretaro, a communication
bad been received from the Secretary of Legation,
Mr. Thornton, covering a protest from Lord Palmers-
ton, the British Minister of Foreign Affairs, against
the forcible levying of taxes against the English resi-
dents in Mexico for the purpose of supporting the
war. These levies were made six months since,
when the residents protested.
The ports of Mazatlan and Guaymas were in pos-
session of the American naval force.

A paragraph in the Moniteur states that General
Paredes had had an interview with Father Jarauta,
the notorious guerilla chief, at Tulaneingo, and that
they resolved upon calling in the aid and intervention
of European powers in the affairs of Mexico. From
this it will appear that Paredes has not abandoned
his favourite project of placing a foreign prince on
the throne of Mexico. He is viewed with distrust by
all parties.

COMMERCIAL.

NEW YORK, THURSDAY AFTERNOON, DEC. 30.

The market for flour exhibited no change, and bales
of Michigan, Troy, Genessee, and Ohio continued to
be made in various small parcels at about yesterday's
prices. The sales making were chiefly for home use,
there being few or no buyers for export at present
prices. Transactions in wheat were small, while corn
continued to sell at previous prices. A considerable
sale of New Jersey meal was made for future de-
livery. Rye was quiet. Oats were inactive.
Breadstuffs. Flour The sales only footed up
about 2,000 to 2,500 brls. of all kinds, in different
small lots, among which were 200 to 300 brls. straight
brands Michigan, at 6 dolls. 184 c. ; 300 do. at 6 dolls.
12ic. ; common Ohio, at 6 dolls, 121 c. ; 200 do. good,
at 6 dolls. 25c., including small lots Genessee, at
6 dolls. 25c. to 6 dolls. 37ic. Southern wa.s in-
active, and we continue to quote Howard-street
and Alexandria at 6 dolls. 50c. Wheat—We have
only to notice a sale of 1,000 bushels Genessee,
•t 1 dol. 36c. Corn—The sales footed up about
10,000 to 15,000 bushels, including 4,000 round
northern, at 78c.; 3,000 New Jersey, new white,
at 69c. ; 3,000 do. North Carolina, new white, at the
same price. A small sale of 400 biishels yellow was made
at 76lic. Meal—Sales of 1,000 brls. New Jersey
were made, deliverable in March next, at 3 dolls. 371 c.
Rye—No change. Rye flour—Sales of 100 brls.
were made at 4 dolls. 25c., and 100 do. at 4 dulls.
Oats—No sales of moment were reported.
Cotton—The sales to-day were estimated at nearly
1,000 bales, which were taken entirely by manufac-
turers, and at very full prices.
Freights—To Liverpool 20s. was offered for cheese,
and 255. asked. There was no change in grain or
flour to the same port. To Rotterdam ashes were
taken at 325. H. London naval stores were steady
at 35., heavy goods at 325. Gd., and cheese at 355.

CHEMICAL HISTORY OF DIS-

INFECTANTS.

On Saturday Dr. John Ryan gave an admirable
lecture on the above-named subject at the Polytechnic
Institution. He said, one of the great objects of an
institution like the Polytechnic is to bring before the
world, by means of apt illustrations, the various dis-
coveries and applications of scientific research. He
then entered into the chemical history and character-
istics of the various materials which have been
brought before the world under the name of " dis-
infectants," and entered at some length into the
subject of decomposition of animal and vegetable
matter, and of the ill effects arising from it in
crowded districts. The learned doctor then stated—
I shall therefore call your attention, first, to the
principal poisonous and fetid products of animal and
vegetable decomposition ; and, secondly, to the
remedial means proposed for their removal. The
offensive compounds given off during animal
and vegetable decomposition consist of combina-
tions of hydrogen with sulphur, forming sulphuretted
hydrogen ; of carbon with nitrogen to form cyanogen,
and again, of cyanogen and sulphur to form sulpho-
cyanogen ; and carbon with oxygen to form carbonic
oxyde and carbonic acid. Dr. Leeson, of St. Thomas's
Hospital, has classified the products of putrescence
in the following manner :—Dangerous but inodo-
rous—Remittant miasmata, typhoid miasmata, car-
bonic oxyde, carbonic acid. lie gives " remittent
miasmata" as the product of vegetable decomposition,
and "typhoid miasmata" as the result of animal
putrescence. Odorous, but slightly offensive—Am•
monia carburetted hydrogen, cyanogen, sulpho-
cyanogen. Most offensive--Sulphuretted hydrogen,
phosphuretted hydrogen, hydro-sulphate of ammonia.
The compounds which more especially demand our
attention on this occasion are those headed
" most offensive," inasmuch as they are not only
the most poisonous, but also are those which
appeal the most readily to our senses. Sulphuretted
hydrogen, or hydro-sulphuric acid, is a compound of
sulphur and of hydrogen, and is a common product of
animal decomposition. It is also given off during the
destruction of certain vegetables—sulphur existing
largely in some families, for example in the liliacee
(as in garlic), in cincirferd (as in mustard), in um-
belliferd (as in assafeetida). He then proceeded to
consider the various remedial agents proposed to coun-
teract those noxious compounds. These he classed
under three heads, referring, first, to perfumes, which
he condemned as useless, if not dangerous ; secondly,
to mechanical remedies, such as drainage, ventilation,
&c.; thirdly, to chemical agents. The principal ones
referred to were chlorine, and the chlorides of lime
and soda ; chloride of zinc, Sir William Burnett's
disinfecting fluid,, perucitate of iron ; Mr. Eller-
man's liquid sulphates of manganese and soda, the
refuse of chlorine works, patented by Mr. Young ;
nitric acid vapour, for which Dr. C. Smyth received
from Parliament 5,0001.; nitrate of lead; M. Ledoyen's
fluid. The doctor here mentioned a melancholy cir-
cumstance connected with the history of the last-
named disinfectant, as it is erroneously called. Col.
Calvert, who was associated with M. Ledoyen in the
matter, and whose correspondence with Government
was not only voluminous but most decided in its tone,
relating to the power of the compounds over infectious
miasmata, has just fallen a victim to fever in Canada,
to which place he and M. Ledoyen were sent officially
to test the virtues of the liquid : the inventor himself
is returning home with shattered health. Lastly,
after explaining the modus operandi of all these
agents in removing odours—a process dependent on
the removal of hydrogen from its bases, sulphur, and
phosphurus, the professor emphatically urged his
audience not to trust to these chemical agents, but to
the more simple operations of ventilation, light, drain-
age, and cleanliness.

THE NAVY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR, —lf we intend, as a nation, to be independent,
we must look to our navy ; that has not had justice
done to its officers. I mean those who have got you
through your difficulties ; for after thirty years of
peace, you have commenced to superannuate upon
less than you gave to the ether services, which must
appear unjust, for they have served their country
upwards offifty years, and would be glad, for the few
years they have to live to be relieved from the toils
of the sea.

They want nothing but justice, and look to tho
press to point out their grievances.
I am, Sir, ONE OF THE NI.
London, Jan. 15, 1848.

THE LOSS OF THE AVENGER.
LisaoN, JAN. 9.—We have just received the in-
telligence of the disastrous total loss of the Avenger,
steam-frigate, on the Sorelli rocks, on her passage
from this place to Malta, with the loss of all her
officers and crew, with the exception of the third
lieutenant, Mr. Rooke, the gunner, one of the
stewards, and a boy. You can better imagine than
I can describe, the distressing sensations which these
shocking details have produced in the squadron here.
From the gallant Commander-in-Chief, Sir Charles
Napier, whose step-son was the unfortunate com-
mander of the Avenger, to the lowest ranks, the loss
of a friend or acquaintance is deplored, as the
Avenger was here and formed part of the Lisbon
squadron for some time. Poor Sir Charles is quite
unmanned. I herewith inclose you an official return
of the names of all the officers who were on board
the Avenger when she left Malta

Captain Charles George Eters Napier (1841), step-
son of Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Napier,
Cosnmander•in•Chief at Lisbon.

Lieutenant Hugh Mallett Kinsman (1841), senior,
son of the late Major Kinsman, Royal Marines, and
who, I believe, was the son-in-law of Rear-Admiral
Pasco.

Lieut. Frederick Marryat (1W),
.the gallant son
of Captain Marryat, C. 8., one of the most promising
young officers in the service, distinguished for his
several perilous but successful attempts, by jumping
into the water after them, to save persons from
drowning, one daring instance of which occurred a
short time since in the Tagus. He was a lieuteLant
of the Sphynx, steam-sloop, when she ran ashore at
the Isle of Wight last year, and gained great credit
for his presence of mind and indefatigable exertions
after she stranded and during the operations in saving
the stores and getting off the ship. It was a common
thing for this gallant young officer to swim through
the surf to the shore or to any vessel for what he
wanted.

Lieut. Francis Rooke (1846), saved.
Master—William Archer (1835).
Surgeon—Jumes Hutchison Steele (1842), late of
the Resistance, troop-ship, drowned in the boat in the
surf.

Paymaster and Purser—Valentine A. Haile (1842)
formerly of the Scourge, steam-sloop.
Second Master—William Betts (1842), drowned
by the upsetting of the boat in the surf. He was
promoted, a few weeks since, to the rank of master.
Assistant-surgeon, Acting--Bernard Delany.
Midshipman—J. Hormand.
Midshipman—Charles Bere.
Master's Assistant—Thomas Otty.
Master's Assistant—Sidney Ayling, drowned by
the upsetting of the boat in the surf.
Clerk—H. J. S. Walker.
Clerk—W. A. Speed.
Naval Cadet—J. B. Heywood.
Naval Cadet—W. J. S. M. Molyneaux.
Engineers—William Hirst, first class.
William Kerslake, assistant, first class.
Alfred Miles, ditto.
Richard Kennedy, assistant, second
class.
Henry Henty, third class.
William Barber, supernumerary as-
sistant, second class.
John Gilmour, supernumerary assist-
ant, second class.
Gunner—John Larcom ; saved,with Lieut. Rook*.
Boatman—William Miller, acting, promoted from
the Scourge steam sloop.
Carpenter—Thomas Wiley, second class.
Roria. MARINES.

Lieut. Henry S. Baynes, of the artillery corps.
—Herald.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PLYMOUTH, JAN. 14.—The Court of Admiralty, at
the instance of Messrs. Edmonds and Sons, solicitors
to the salvors, have decreed a commission of removal
for the derelict barque Lady Kennaway, late Captain
Avery, from hence to London, her original destina-
tion. The Court direct that an insurance be first
effected to cover the full value of ship and cargo,
which we understand to be about 30,0001. After
being provided with a new rudder, sails, and other
gear, she will, under custody of her Danish salvors,
be navigated to the Thames.
WOOLWICH, JAN. 15.—The Banshee steam-vessel
is ordered to be taken round to Chatham to be fitted
for sea at that port. She will leave the Thames on
Monday, and will be navigated to Chatham by a por-
tion of the crew of the Black Eagle, under the charge
of Lieutenant Robertson.
The Pluto was taken out of dock today, and the
Caradoc ordered to be taken in to have her bottom
covered with the composition in vented by Mr. Hay,
of Portsmouth, for preserving iron vessels. It was
found impossible to get the Caradoc out of the East
India Docks in time to save the tide at Woolwich to-
day, and she will have to be docked to-morrow.
The Lightning steam-vessel, Master Commander
Petley, is in the basin, having her starboard paddle-
box and bulwarks repaired, which were injured by
the Banshee coming into collision with her, and it
has been found that no part of the wheel or machi-
nery connected with the engines have been put out of
order, as was at first supposed t) be the case.
Vessels in the Harbour--William and Mary yacht,
Captain Austin, C.B. ; the Black Eagle steam-vessel,
mow coil:law:l4r S. 13. Cook ; the Trident steam-

-

~~.,

-;

vessel, the Virago steam-sloop, and the Monkey
steam• vessel.

In the Basin—The Fisgard, 42 guns, carrying the
broad pendant of Commodore Sir Gordon I3remer,
K.C.B. and K.C.11.; the Sphyza, the Rattler, the
Rifleman, the Spiteful, the Myrtle, the Driver, and
the Janus steam-vessel, and the Dee steam troop-ship,
Master Commander Driver.

In Dock—The Niger, fitting with screw-propeller.

FLANDERS MAIL.

HAusttao if, JAN. 10.—The corn trade is flat, as
little or nothing is done in the export trade, and our
agriculturalists want their usual impetus from abroad,
and are therefore more tardy in bringing their sup-
plies. Wheat is low. About 200 lasts of rye were
sold from 48 to 60 marks banco per last. The
hitherto prevailing frost, and the want of snow, ap-
pear to be the cause of speculation being so dull.
ST. PETERSBURGII, DEC. 31.—Trade continues
very dull, nor is there any appearance that there will
be a speedy improvement. Nothing whatever is done
in the export trade, and yet our Russian traders per-
sist in keeping up their prices, and du not seem at all
disposed to give in. There was a great demand for saw
sugar during the last few days, and several parcels of
white Havannah were sold at twenty-six roubles.
Broken loaf sugar has been prohibited after 1848.
The regulation that yellow and brown raw sugar
shall pay less duty than white, will probably not
come into force till 1849.

BRESLAU, JAN. B.—We have not much to report
respecting our corn trade, nor do matters look very
encourcging. The arrivals are small, and bargains
for later deliveries are totally wanting. This is not
owing to the want of corn, but to the expectation
of the holders to obtain higher prices. In this ex-
pectation, however, our country people will probably
be disappointed, for even this week there was an evi-
dent tendency to depression; for although at the be-
ginning of the week the holders maintained their
prices, yet towards the close there was a sensible re-
action.

TURKEY—CONSTANTINOPLE, DEC. 22.—DEATH OF
OSMAN Pacus.—During the past week the cholera
has been again on the increase, especially in the
quarters towards Estamboul, in the Turkish circles
of Pera and Galata, cases are frequent. Osman Pacha,
Seraskier of .\.natolio, who was attacked very violently
with it last week, died to-day. Morza Mehemet Ali
Khan, Envoy Extraordinary to the French Court,
will pass some time here, on his return from France
to Persia, and it is supposed that the exchange of the
ratification of Erzeroum will not take place till that
time. Colonel Shiel, British Ambassador at the
Court of Teheran, has arrived here on his re-
turn to England. The Ministerial journals
state that the Porte has again purchased a
landed property on the Bosphorus, for the purpose
of presenting it, is addition to its former gift, to the
British Embassy. lf, as is affirmed, the treasury
paid 450,000 piastres for this estate, it has not only
made a munificent present to the Embassy, but also
to the seller, a banker, and consequently one of its
members, who paid 135,000 piastres for the estate in
its present condition, and, to our knowledge, would
have been but too happy to have sold it again at cost
price. Not very long since we read in the English
journal an account of a judicial proceeding respecting
a British officer, some time resident at a small Indian
Court, who was proceeded against by England and
sentenced to ten years' imprisonment besides a large
fine in money, because, during the exercise of his
office he had accepted a present to the value of
some 1001. sterling. According to this it would ap-
pear that in this respect the English law grants that
to the embassy, which it positively interdicts to the
ambassador.

KARLSRUHE, JAE. 9.—The Government has ac-
ceded to the proposal of the three large manufacturers
supported by the house of Haber and Co., and intends
to give a loan of four per cent. payable in ten years.
The equity of this procedure of Government to
these firms is called, in question. We regret to state
that the banking-house of Kusel stopped payment.
The house had a very good name—its fall is attri-
buted to the recent failures which have taken place.
DENMARK, JAN. 8. —The budget for 1848 shows
that the receipts were 16,709,285 rix dollars, and the
expenditure 16,686,502, leaving a balance of 22,783
rix dollars.

STOCKHOLM, JAN. 4.—ln consequence of the pub-
lication of the royal edict by the Governor of St.
Bartholomew that slavery was for ever abolished in
those islands, the liberated negroes have presented an
address of thanks to the King and the Government of
Sweden.

NORWAY CIIRISTIANA,.-.A large fire broke out on
the 28th of December in the city of Droutheim, and
destroyed twenty-three houses. The loss is estimated
at 27,690f.—Brussels Papers.

PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BuLIN, JAN. 13.
Bills. Money.
ct.Sehuld Sch., 314 per Cent • 9234 t 2
Pruss. English Bonds, 1830, 4 per Cent...... Cent......—
Foreign Exchanges ...• •
Exchange on London, X 1 Sterling, 3 Mouths
BELGIAN FUNDS.-11nuesus, JAN. 14.
Actual Debt, 234 per Cent .......... —
Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent - •
Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent -
-.
Ditto 'fliree per Cent
Ditto Thirty-seven Millions, ditto —
Ditt0,ditt0,1848......... ......
Ditto,ditto,lB42 95%
Ditto, 1844............... • • • • •• •• • 92
Ditto, 1838 ........... • • • 67%
Ditto of the City, 1832 .. • . •• • • •
Ditto, 1843 .•• • • • •••••••• • • • .• • • 95%
Bank of Belgium.. .• • • ... •. •• .• 79%
—Brussels rapers, Jan. 15.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIENNA, JAN. 8.
5 per Cent. Metalliques .
4 per Cent. ditto. .
3 per Cent. ditto •• •• • • ..
Loan, 1834 .. •• • • • • ................ . 15634
Ditto, 1839 ••• • • • . 111 ti
Bank Shares • • • • • • • • • • ................1616
Esterhazv's Loan •• • • .... . ........ 57
RAILWAys.
The Northern, or Ferdinand . 139
Gloggnitz •••• .• •• ••• • • • ••• • . ...... 110
Vienna—Milan •• ••• • • • •.. • • 87
Grosetto • ....• •• . • ... ..............
Oldanburg
Fe.sth Bridge .. •... ..............

6 27%