The Sun.
London, England, 1833-04-05 00:00:00

and other minerals and manufactures would be conveyed at the
cheapest rate into the remote agricultural districts, where
scarcity of fuel is the cause of great distress to the working
classes, and cost of carriage of many manufactured articles a
serious addition to their price; return cargoes of corn and
cattle, for the dense population of the manufacturing districts;
and by this means equalize the markets over the whole king-
dom, to the general benefit of the entire community.
" France, Germany, and America, are actively employed in
making
on an extended scale. We possess all the facilities for
such undertakings, in a superior degree, and yet we leave it to
this new, scientific, cheap, and facile mode of convey-
anceprivate speculators to execute for their own profit what ought
to be made a national estate. There should be railways, with
locomotive steam-power, from London to every part of the
kingdom, made at the expense of the counties through which
they may pass. The money might be borrowed at four per
cent., or less, and the interest paid out of the county rates ;
and, of course, the tolls to be county property, in proportion to
their several expenditures.

" The general employment produced by such a measure
would reduce the poor-rates treble the amount of thtt interest.
The very large additional capital, that would be invested in
every county in the kingdom, would be a powerful stimulus to
the better cultivation of the soil. By branches from the main
lines in the interior to the coast, the fisheries would be encou-
raged in an extensive degree, and the population supplied with
this nutritious and luxuriant food at a cheap rate.
" But there is an article that has never yet been considered
an object of commerce, though it is of the first importance in
the fruitful cultivation of the soil—l mean manures. We pro-
bably waste as much as we use of this valuable and never-fail-
ing renovator of the soil. There is not less than 2,000,000 of
tons per annum of this useful property thrown into the Thames,
to the injury of the water and the serious loss of the land.
" In many of our great manufacturing towns, where there
is a stream to wash it away, the same reckless waste is practised.
It will be probably said, that as much is used as will bear the
present expense of carriage, and the remainder is a nuisance
that must necessarily be removed in some other way; and this
is most likely to be true; but the establishment of railways
would remedy this evil, and remove what is now a nuisance
to great distances, where it would be of the greatest value, and
repay its expense by rich green crops for the cattle, and a pre-
paration for a subsequent wheat crop.
" It is not an unreasonable calculation, to take the waste of
London and other great towns, and the neglect, or rather the
impossibility of transporting sea manure, of weeds and calca-
rious sand, to the interior, which, by the branch railways,
would be obtained, at not less than 10,000,000 of tons per an-
num ; which, at an average of 3s. per ton, would produce a
revenue of 1,500,0001. per annum from this neglected article to
the railways, and of more than double that amount to the cul-
tivators of the soil.

" Hitherto, all our national improvements have been for
the benefit of our manufactures and mineral property. No
calculation is ever made in these works, as peculiarly advanta-
geous to agriculture; consequently, we generally find the
landed proprietors adverse, or at least indifferent to the con-
struction of canals or railways, and scarcely ever subscribing
to their execution. But if it can be shown that agriculture
will be a leading feature in the construction of railways on this
new and improved principle of moving by steam—that cattle
may be conveyed any distance on them cheaper than they can
be driven, and in one.tenth of the time, undiminished in quan-
tity and uninjured in quality—that every other produce can be
conveyed with the same celerity and cheapness—that the most
remote counties can be brought into active communication with
the populous and consuming districts—that the manufacturing
population are enjoying all the benefits in the price of their
provisions of the rural localities ; both classes will then feel that
their interests are mutual and inseparable.
"Our political calculators rest their superficial data on
merely the price of foreign corn, as if our population was to
exist on bread alone. They do not seem to be aware that a
mixed system of agriculture will furnish more food for cattle
and sheep than permanent pastures; therefore, if these gentle-
men will allow the working classes a moderate share of animal
food for their support, it will be found that the joint supply of
bread and meat will be raised cheaper at home than by impor-
tation. And if this system of powerful machinery is given to
the cultivators of the soil, the mutual advantages will be irre.
♦ocable.

" The cost of those splendid and gigantic improvements will
not diminish, but add to the national wealth. Loans to foreign
countries abstract from the profits of the country for the be.
nefit of other nations, leaving us only the bare interest of the
capital : but loans invested in public improvements give both
the use of the capital and the profits derived from its judicious
expenditure.

" The interior and western parts of Ireland, which are now
excluded by their locality from the populous and consuming
districts of the empire, would become an integral and efficient
part of that natural granary of the united British ominions.
Her rich pastures, her luxuriant arable lands, and her active
and intelligent population, would all be brought into profitable
operation by this facility of communication.

" In England, the poor-rates would be extinguished ; and
in Ireland they would be no longer necessary. Employment
would be so general and so productive, that the wretchedness
and misery which is now an overwhelming misfortune for
want of productive occupation, would become a crime by the
wilful idleness of the individual."

There is much practical sense in this, albeit,
mixed up with the writer's incurable prejudice in
favour of laws to prevent men hanging, drowning, or
starving themselves.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

(Immediate.)

ADMIRALTY, APRIL 4, 6 P.M.

am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of
the Admiralty to acquaint you, for the information of the Com-
mittee for managing the affairs of Lloyd's, that his Majesty's
ship Malabar has been ordered to wait the receipt of Saturday
night's post, and her captain has been directed to drop any
mail or despatches that may be sent for conve)ance at Cadiz
or Gibraltar. I am, &c.,

(Signed) JOHN BARROW.
John Bennett, Esq., Lloyd's.

THE FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.)

CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

This las'ing Good Friday it is kept as a close holyday,
and all the counting houses are closed, and few merchants
have as yet made their appearance in the city.

The Madrid Gazette, of the 26th of March, contains
an address from the Minister of War, intended for the
military chiefs, stating that the King, being apprised that
there still exists disloyal subjects in the kingdom, who
wish to repeat the conspiracy of St. Ildefonso, and to
overthrow the fundamental law of succession to the
Crown, and others on the contrary, who are loyal, wishing
to maintain the legitimate succession, each struggling for
their particular interests, orders that all Chiefs keep a strict
surveillance in their respective divisions, and that meetings
under these pretensions must not be allowed to take place.
We have received by express the New York Papers to
the 9th of March, by the London Line Packet ship,
Hannibal.

(From the Paper of the 6th of March.)

At half-past eight o'clock yesterday morning our express
arrived from Washington, bringing us the President's
inauguration Address, which was delivered in the capital
on Monday. It contains the closing proceedings of the
twenty-second Congress. Mr. Clay's Bill passed the
House of Representatives on Friday evening with an
amendment, by a vote of 96 to h 0; it was then sent back
to the Senate, and the amendment concurred in, yeas 25,
nays 5. The two Houses of Congress did not adjourn
until 5 o'clock on Sunday morning.
The President's Speech states that the Foreign Policy
adopted by the Government has been crowned with almost
complete success. In the domestic policy of the Govern-
ment there were two objects which have been and will con-
tinue to ioe the subject of his unceasing solicitudes.
The Spanish ambassador at Paris has received a couriel
from Madrid of the 27th, at night. The new Ministry
had not changed the politics of the Cabinet. All was
tranquil there.

Sydney papers, to the 4th of Nov., have been received
at the North and South American Guree-house.
(From the Paper of Nov. 3.)
THE PRESS.-We regret ►to learn that the days of pro-
secution for libel have not yet passel away in the sister
colony. A number of Informations have been filed by the
Attorney-General of Van Diemen's Land, against the
publisher of the Colonist, for alleged libels on the Go-
vernment.

HOBA RT TowN.—Wheat has rose during the week.
Several samples have been sold at 6s. per bushel. Meat
is also dear.

THE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY).