The Sun.
London, England, 1848-05-13 00:00:00

POLAND.

It wa3 rumoured in Berlin, on the 11th, that it had
been arranged between Russia and Prussia that
Poland should be erected into an independent
kingdom, and that the young Duke of LEUCUTEN•
BERG was to be the new King of POLAND.
The authorities at Posen have prohibi:ed the sale
or manufacture of scythes, and all persons are re-
quired to deliver up their arms to the commandant of
the garrison forthwith. All the gates are strictly
guarded, and only three of them are permitted to be
opened. They are closed at eight in the evening and
opened at six in the morning. The attack upon
(inesin was fortunately unsuccessful, as a general
massacre of the inhabitants was resolved upon. Some
troops were hastily got together, and the insurgents
repulsed with some loss. All the most respectable
and influential Polish inhabitants have been seized
and imprisoned, and among them STEFANSKI, who
a short time since was proclaimed Dictator Gf
Poland. It required a guard of thirty hussars to pro-
tect him from the fury of the people.

TERMINATION OF THE CON-
FLICT IN POSEN.
An Aide-de-Camp of General COLoMB, Command-
ing General in Posen, has arrived a t Berlin with the
important intelligence of the complete defeat of the
Polish insurgents, under 11lienosLAwsxt, on the
afternoon of the 7th inst., and the surrender at discre•
tion of the whole body.

ITALY.

LOMBARDY.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

An article of the Gazzetta di Genoa of the 29th
ult. strikes us as worth quotation, from the manly
and sensible tone in which the conduct and chances
of the campaign are spoken of. " CHARLES ALBERT,"
it remarks, " deserves every praise for the courage
with which during seven hours he has assisted, with
peril of life, at the bombardment of Peschiera. This
fortress, although not impregnable, presents grave
difficulties on account of the width of the Alincio,
which separates it from its besiegers, and the facility
with which it may be relieved by the enemy from the
line of the Tyrol. If matters really were as the
Gazzetta di Milano reports them, the affair would
soon be finished ; but all these phalanxes of volunteers
seem like the figures of a merchant on the point of
bankruptcy, which make a fair display in his ledger,
but count for nothing in the cash-box. You would
really laugh if you were with me, to see the
strange and terrible-looking figures which meet us in
every little village through which we pass—men and
boys arrayed in the most grotesque style, and who
easily transform themselves from patriots into bandits.
I have met more than one carrying with him a brace
of pistols, a dagger, a sabre, a bayonet, a musket, and
a knife in the boot. But, instead of braving the fire
of the enemy, these heroes prefer acting as guard of
honour to the KING. Milan and many other popu-
lous cities have enjoyed already one month of liberty,
and yet not a single well-ordered company of their
citizens has been seen in the field. I do not speak,
of course, of the Lombard Volunteers under
ARCIONI and MaNana ; these are gallant youths,
worthy of every praise, and actors in bold enter-
prises; but they are few in number, and only fit for
the duty of sharp-shooters. I mean to say that,
up to this moment, we have seen nothing, little or
big, in the shape of a Lombard army. Perhaps I
am wrong, but it seems to me that, instead of dis-
puting so hotly about forms of government,
it would be better for our politicians to shoulder
a musket and come and fight with us
Whatever may be said to the contrary, the Germans
are by no means cowards, or more disposed to fly
than to fight. He ho maintains that they made
slight resistance at Goito must have been as far from
the place itself as truth is from falsehood. But for the
courage of our sharp-shooters and of the Real Aovi
battalion, we had lost the day. I tell you these
things in order that you may not allow yourself to be
so easily captivated by the flattering tales of certain
bulletins, which travesty facts at the expense of truth
and justice—l say of justice, because in no Gazette
have I found adequate praise given to our soldiers,
who, weary and weakened, placed themselves cheer-
fully under fire when summoned to do so, remaining
thus for twenty-four and thirty-six hours together,
without either bread or repose, as was the case at
Borghetto, Mcnzambano, Goito, and Poswenzo."
We are glad to see that the more recent Milanese
bulletins are beginning to give evidence of something
of the practical sense which pervades the above letter.
That bearing date the 7th inst. may be summed up
thus :

"Every revolution, in its precipitous, but never
brief, course, enters into various phases, each having
its own grave and urgent necessity—each imposing
upon the people its own particular duty. What is
the necessity of the phase into which we have now
entered ?

" Let us not deceive ourselves. Austria is making
every effort to recoves the Italian provinces. The
EMPEROR is conciliating Hungary and exerting
himself to gain popularity with the rest of the
Germanic Confederacy. He has contracted a loan
of thirty million florins with the bank, and he has
dispatched Count HARTIG to RADETSLY, with direc-
tions to establish himself firmly between the Minnie
and the Adige, and to turn all the forces he can
against Venice, to recover it at any cost—the vessels
of war lying at Pola having orders to support him.
Hence the necessity of the present phase is—war.
This war will be long, obstinate, and difficult, but
must ultimately leave victory in our hands. War,
therefore, first—politics afterwards."

Count G. COLLEGNO, a man of approved skill and
dauntless courage, both tried to the utmost in the
later campaigns of N APOLEON and in the Greek war
of liberation, has been placed at the head of military
affairs by the Pt °visional Governmei,t.
Col"ndL, I'RAPt,r,ll has tweli zice;editt-1
l'rencti Republic as political agent for Lombardy.
The column of Free Corps (Corpi Franchi), under

611
ARCIONT, fell in, about a fortnight ago. with 600
Auitrians at the Ponte della Sarca (Tyrol), and after
a brief contest, drove them back into Toblino, with
a lois of twenty men. This place of refuge Was
speedily surrounded, and the necessity of its sur-
render seemed imminent, when a large party of Aus'
trians came up to relieve it, and the volunteers, finding
themselves outnumbered, were compelled to retire✓,
which they did in good order, and without less.
The Austrian Lloyd, under date of Trieste, May 3,
announces that Venice is declared in a state• of
blockade, and that an Austrian fleet is engeged in the
maintenance thereof.

TUSCANY.
There was an emezete at Leghorn on the 3d gsYl
and a demonstration against all the Alinisters except
CORSINI. The people demanded the speedy convocv
tion of the Assemlly, and the Governor promised theta
to accede to their wishes.

ROME.
11 of
The Roman papers up to the Ist instant are "'-
n
the details of the events which we have already gi'le
up tO 511
from other sources ; but it appears that
been_
o'clock of that day no definitive resolution bad
agreed upon. The Ministry had, indeed, accepted
their portfolios again, but had not announced
what terms. A deputation composed of PISS AsiV
GELO FLORENLINO, PIETRO STEREO', and t:
Duke of RIGNANO, had been named by '''"`"
people to wait upon the Ministers, and
them on the subject. They received an evasile
answer, which did but increase the popular exeftei:
ment ; and serious consequences were apprehenJe°s
At the hour of going to press, the Epoca informs
he
that the post for Bologna had been stopped st tua
gates by the people, for the purpose of reading tu"
dispatch sent by Cardinal ANTONELLI. Up 0 thit
hour no official proclamation has been published.
On the 3d the Pore was still a prisoner 10 be
palace, and in great danger of losing his life, as'i, d
question
refused to declare war against Austria. -5,
threatened to excommunicate the leaders of jn
movement, and this has only made matters worse'
a day or two we may expect to hear that he
yielded to the storm, or been deposed.

NAPLES.
The Epoca of Rome of the Ist states, from -tlO/1
(29th ult.), that the people have proclaimed the Orkivo
FERDINAND 11. Other accounts frorn
of the same date contain no mention of the Cita°
stance.

TURKEY.
CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 27.—This morning 6tl
important change of Ministry has taken 131114,e.
MEIIMED ALI PACUA, brother-in•law of the Stlol
a gentleman well known in Europe, had been nis
Grand Admiral, in the place of KALIB PACLIA, '4141°

removed.
On Saturday a Prince was born to the Sto.ol4iis
he has been named MOHAMMED A'ABID. Tbl
the second child our youthful SOVEREIGN has 113', „f
the short space of seven days. It is said that 0"
other SultAnas are expected to he confined.
ir,off
A fire broke out on the 22:1 at Arnaout .1)."
which consumed the whole village ; upwards of 1-i° s
houses, besides 3 baths, 2 churches, and 2 mom
fell a prey to the flAmeA.
Business is a dead letter, credit shaken, and mond
scarce.

GREECE. serlo
ic
The Levant mail brings intelligence of a
outbreak in the north-eastern part of Greece, vi4l
it was expected, would extend over the kingdons•
—a
a:

TP"
LAW CONCERNING TIIE vn •
OF THE GREEK NATIONAL BANK.
°Trio, S:c.
selnnatec,onwceerhtaNvve iththe
sanctioned
as tollow~•fife
Art. 1. The National Bank is, for the period fromfromCha m
andber orderedo f
Deputies
months after the promulgation of this law, freed
the obligation to give cash for its notes. he stir
Art. 2. The bank-notes, during the time of t
pension of the interest, will be received into the 110
chest with a premium of 2 per cent. to the profit e.yertr
bearer—a premium which will be reimbursed to v"
meat.
Art. 3. The National Bank is held, at the e""bes9
Lion of the five months, to pay the holders of 1„FoS
r on of
notes an equal interest to that which he receives
hisA rt. loans 4.
Thet h the
notes mortgages.
incirculation bes!
to. 6
the too,
of the bank • , and those of its two adjoining banks 'be
riot, under any circumstances, during the prose°
period, exceed a million and a half of drachmae'„, fat
Art 5. Until the bank shall exchange the n°,;),11":
cash, the notes which surpass
set aside, and deposited in the reserve chest, Un"j)eftr
surveillance of the President of the Chamber of
ties, and the President of the Senate. 0051
Art. 6. The bank every week shall publish, ht
of the journals of the capital, its active and paself:a Ai'
Art. 7. The Minister of the Interior is cherkief,
the proclamation and the execution of the present
(Signed)
LTGOO.NESTIL ‘llos'
. K
ft,
Athens, April 4 (16), 1848.
Pe
The Government has reinstated in their res teol‘o
pay all the officers of the garrison of Athens fill.
part in the events of the 15th September, 184aq die
late Minister of War had arbitrarily taken
lite
pay M. ecoPo
Mr. Calanicgarditis, charged with being Be 6 boa
in the revolt at Patras, with Captain Merenditist
liberated.

RAILWAY RETURNS, oof 50
RAILIVAT TaaFvic.—The following are the Total Itece!Po wairA:oo
ways for the past week—that is to say, up to the date 'f tO
respective returns are made, together with the recelPt4
week in the previous year:—

Week
ending

risst
vleel.

May

--z.,4
gl%
t4f.
c).,,d

X