The Sun.
London, England, 1846-01-09 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 9, 1846.

We noticed yesterday Mr. GLLDSTONE'S significant
farewell to the constituency with which he has been
connected from his first entrance into public life.
" Tempera mutantur, et nos mutamur in Mist,"

says or sings Mr. GLADSTONE.
" Tempura mutantur, et non mutamur in
rejoins the Lord of Newark and Clumber for himself ;
and in the irreconcileable confusion of these various
readings Mr. GLADSTONE is forced to bid good bye to
Newark and look out for a close borough esewhere.
Mr. GLADSTONE has no right to complain. The
Duke of NEWCASTLE means to do likewise by his own
son and heir, Lord LINCOLN, in South Nottingham-
shire.

The amount of nomination among the Members of
the Government in the House of Commons is a strik-
ing point of view from which to regard the present
state of the representation. Where they are not abso-
lutely nominees they will be found to represent small
and corrupt constituencies. There is not a repre-
sentative of a strictly popular constituency among
them ; and almost all are nominees.
Take first the members of the Cabinet. Sir R.
PEEL returns himself for the borough of Tamworth,
which numbers 452 electors. Sir J. GRAHAM is re-
turned for Dorchester (396 electors) by Mr. WIL-
LIAMS, the banker. Mr. GLADSTONE'S farewell letter is
a confession that he has hitherto sat by the Duke of
NEWCASTLE'S nomination for Newark. By the
Duke of NEWCASTLE'S nomination Lord LINCOLN
at present sits for South Nottinghamshire. Mr.
SYDNEY HERBERT is Member for South Wiltshire
through the influence of his brother, Lord PEM-
BROKE'S, and his own possessions. Lord GRANVILLE
SOMERSET is nominated by his brother, the Duke of
BEAUFORT, for Monmouthshire. The only other
member of the Cabinet in the House of Commons is
Mr. GOULBURN, returned by the University of Cam-
bridge—not so popular a constituency as to atone by
itself for the nominations of all his Cabinet brethren.
We descend below the Cabinet, and first on the
list is Sir THOMAS FREMANTLE, Secretary for Ire-
land, by the grace of the Duke of BUCKINGHAM
Member for Buckingham (393 electors). Sir GEORGE
CLERK, Vice-President of the Board of Trade, is
Member for Stamford (638 electors), by permission
of the Marquis of EXETER ; and Mr. BARING, Pay-
master of the Forces, for Thetford (192 electors), by
nomination of Lord ASHBURTON. Dr. NICHOLL,
the Judge Advocate, represents Cardiff (710 elec-
tors), a family borough. Mr. YOUNG, Secretary to
the Treasury, sits for an Irish county, Cavan, by
permission of Lord FARNHAM ; while Mr. CARDWELL,
the other Treasury Secretary, is the only representa-
tive of a manufacturing borough among all the mem-
bers of the Government, and that borough, a small
one Clitheroe (412 electors), which, however,
will never return him again. Mr. CORRY, Se-
cretary to the Admiralty, is Member for the Irish
county of Tyrone by virtue of his brother, Lord BEL..
MORE'S property. The two Secretaries to the Board
of Control are Lord JOCELYN and Lord MAHON, the
former of whom represents Lynn (980 electors), a
borough notoriously corrupt, and the latter is Lord
SALISBURY'S Member for Hertford. Mr. MANNERS
SUTTON, Under-Secretary for the Home Department,
and Sir FITZROY KELLY, Solicitor-General, together
represent the immaculate borough of Cambridge
(1,904 electors). The Attorney-General, Sir F.
THESIGER, when driven out of Woodstock by his
Grace of MARLBOROUGH, got Mr. DUFFIELD to make
over to him the 815 electors of Abingdon, and they
are still his. The Irish Attorney-General and Sir
GEORGE COCKBURN, one of the Lords of the Admi-
ralty, are the two Members for Ripon (341 elec-
tors), made so by the late Mrs. LAWRENCE, and
continued so by Lord Dm GREY. Admiral BOWLES,
another Lord of the Admiralty, sits for Launceston
(344 electors) by the Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND'S
influence; Captain GORDON, another, for Aberdeen-
shire, by his brother, Lord ABERDEEN'S influence;
and Mr. FITZROY, another Lord of the Admiralty,

for the pure borough of Lewes (900 electors), it
would be supposed by bribery, but that Mr, FITZ..
ROT has called GOD to witness, on the floor of the
House of Commons, that he never spent a shilling in
bribery or corruption. The Lords of the Treasury
are, Mr. GASKELL, Member for Wenlock (949 elec-
tors), Mr. BARING, Marlborough (256 electors, pa-
tron, Lord AILESBURY), Mr. FORBES MACKENZIE,
Peebleshire (Duke of BuccLEucH, patron), and Mr.
CRIPPS, Cirencester (496 electors, Lord BATHURST pa-
tron). Colonel PEEL, Lord ARTHUR LENNox, and
Sir FREDERICK TRENCH hold offices in the Ordnance :
the first sits for Huntingdon (374 electors), by Lord
SANDWICH'S nomination ; the second for Chichester
(789 electors), by the Duke of RICHMOND'S; and Sir
FREDERICK TRENCH is Member for Scarborough
(537 electors). The Lord Advocate sits for Ar-
gyllshire, by permission of the Duke of ARGYLL.
Sir CHARLES DOUGLAS, Commissioner of Greenwich
is Low/ Westwicx's Member for Warwick
Hospital,
(911 electors).
The following members of the Household are in
the House of Commons as follows :—Colonel Dsw-
soN DAMER, Member for Portarlington (185 electors),
a family borough ; Lord EitsmsT BRUCE, Mr.
BARING'S co-nominee for Marlborough (256 electors) ;
Lord JERMYN, Member for Bury St. Edmunds (744
electors), through his father, the Marquis of BRIS-
TOL'S influence ; Captain METNELL, Member for
Lisburn (331 electors), by the Marquis of HERT-
FORD'S influence ; Lord C. WELLESLEY, Member for
South Hants, of which his father, the Duke of WEL-
LINGTON, is Lord-Lieutenant; and Captain DuN-
COMB]; Member for East Retford (2,596 electors).
The general results are very striking, and should
be known. Of thirty-nine members of the Govern-
ment, in the House of Commons, twenty-nine have
their seats notoriously by nomination. Twenty-seven
represent boroughs, the whole united number of whose
electors is 16,145,—not so many in all as the con-
stituency of the City of London—hardly more than
the electors of Liverpool—less than a quarter of the
number of electors of the five metropolitan boroughs
of Finsbury, Marylebone, Lambeth, Tower Hamlets,
and Westminster. Such is the composition of the
Government in the House of Commons, And by the
state of the Government you may Judge the state of
the representation.
There is another very striking circumstance in the
list of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S Government—the number
of members of the aristocracy. Sixteen out of the
thirty-nine members of the Government, in the House
of Commons, are Lords and Honourables, though
the head of them all is the son of a cotton-spinner,
who prides himself, as well he may, upon his origin,
What a commentary is this on the aristocratic con-
stitution of the House of Commons, notwithstanding
the Reform Act I And how strongly does it prove
the necessity for another Reform Act 1

The bigoted and relentless Orange party in Ireland,
though humbled and defeated, and disgraced by the
frightful disclosures respecting their traitorous
repolicy
some ten years ago, cannot remam at rest, nor frain
from forming associations, and adopting proceedings

calculated only to make Protestants and Catholics
mortal enemies, and thereby prolong the sufferings of
our unhappy fellow-subjects in the sister island.
The latest scheme for these wicked purposes has just
been completed, and is to be carried into effect by a
society called the " Protestant Alliance." Any one
may form a very correct estimate of its principles
when he knows that Lord RODEN is the principal agi-
tator, that he is chairman of this new association ;
that Mr. S. MAXWELL is secretary, and that they are
backed by such men as Col. VERNER, Col. BRUEN, and
the Rev. Dr. MORTIMER O'SULLIVAN, notorious for
his inflammatory speeches at Exeter Hall. Their
professions are peaceable in the extreme, and their
great object appears to be the defence of the Pro-
testant religion, and, as a matter of course, the main-
tenance, n its integrity and purity, of the United
Church of England and Ireland, as guaranteed in the
articles of the Union, and intended to have
been secured by solemn pledges in the Act
for Roman Catholic Emancipation." This is
their first resolution, and from it we may
judge of the rest. The Church of Ireland,
one of the most absurd and wicked anomalies ever
known in the history of any country, is to be maintained
at all .hazards; clergymen are to be paid for doing
nothing; churches are to be built and kept in repair
at vast expense, though the pastors are without flocks;
the sinecure ministers are still to spend their ill-ac-
quired gains at Cheltenham, or Paris, or Naples, and
not a farthing is to be given for the education or re-
ligious instruction of the half-starved Catholic po-
pulation, who are, out of their miserable pittance, to
build chapels and schools, maintain their clergy and
schoolmasters, and find a substitute for those tithes
and church-lands which were originally granted for
religious and educational purposes. And as if this
were not sufficiently selfish and severe: on the part
of this Protestant Alliance, insult must be added to
injustice, and a Jesuitical imputation implied that the
Catholics had broken " solemn pledges " made in
1829. While such a violation of every charitable
principle is committed, these wicked accusers
solemnly resolve—" That while we are essentially a
Protestant society, we are not actuated by any spirit
of bigotry or intolerance. We desire the welfare of
our Roman Catholic fellow-subjects, and would scru-
pulously maintain their civil rights and liberties."
Never was there more cruel mockery. These very
men, who would maintain the " oivil rights and
liberties " of the Catholics, fought to the last against
their right to sit in the Houses of Parliament, to fill
any responsible and valuable office in the State, and
even to manage their own corporation affairs.
Another of the Christian objects of these agitators
is to destroy that system of mixed education which
has already had such beneficial effects, and which in
time, if undisturbed, would do more to reconcile
national antipathies than, perhaps, any other le-
gislative measure ; and in order to blind a cer-
tain portion of the Dissenters, whom they
hate as cordially as Catholics, and have
treated as unmercifully, the Protestant Alliance
resolves "that it will oppose and resist a state connec-

tion between Great Britain and the Church of Rome,
as contrary alike to the religious convictions of Church-
men and Dissenters, inconsistent with the principles
of the British Constitution, and eminently tending to
aggravate the evils of Ireland." But it is needless
further to analyse the doctrines put forth by these
Orangemen. They are too well known in England,
as well as Ireland ; their main object is the supremacy
of a small faction, and when the Minister of the
day is making every exertion to compose differences
and allay animosities, they must interfere with his
humane purposes, and kindle anew the flame of reli-
gi3us bigotry in their native land. If hatred of
Popery and the maintenance of Protestantism really
influenced their conduct, they would look more
narrowly into the Popish tenets professed by the
men of Oxford, and covertly entertained by
nearly all the young clergy of the Established
Church. But of these fearful backslidings they say
not one word. They use religion in Ireland for
their political purposes. They inscribe the word

" Protestant" on their banners in order that they may
more effectually trample upon the persecuted Irish,
and would, with the same good will, fight under
" Puseyism," provided they could thereby raise a more
numerous and powerful army.

The packet-ship, New York, arrived at Liverpool
on Wednesday evening, with intelligence from New
York to the 17th, and from Washington to the 15th
December, containing reports of the proceedings in
the Senate on that day. The whole of the proceed-
ings, including the warlike remarks of General Cass,
and other Senators, appeared in The Sun on Wed-
nesday, from the papers of that date, which were
conveyed to Havre in a fast- sailing vessel at the close
of last week. We had thus anticipated the intelli-
gence brought by the New York by two days.

We have received Madrid journals of the Ist of
January. The Gazette announces that the Govern-
ment have entered into a contract with the bank of
San Fernando, by which that establishment is to
supply 100 millions of reels per month, to be secured
on the taxes. According to this arrangement the
Government will be enabled to pay the interest on the
debt for 1846. The Bourse was closed on New
Year's-day.

The intelligence in the Paris Papers relates chiefly
to the preliminary proceedings in the two Chambers,
the report of Admiral MACICAU, on the state of the
navy, and the movements of ABD-EL•KADER. The
debate on the Address in the Peers was expected to
commence on Friday, and that in the Deputies on
Monday. The Budget was distributed to the Mem-
bers on Tuesday, and on Saturday would be brought
before the Committee, where probably its examination
would last for a week. The Presse and the Journal
des Debats contain long articles on the state of the
French navy, and both praise the Minister of Marine
for his exertions to raise it to a position worthy of the
country. The Government paper says, there is but
one feeling as to the necessity of the proposed mea-
sures, though it does not recommend an increase
on the grounds urged by some of the
Opposition journals, namely, the necessity of being
prepared to contend with England, and the arguments
in general are such as can give no offence in England,
nor imply any intentions of hostility. The account
of the navy, given by Admiral MAciAu, shows that
it has by no means been neglected. He says, in his
report: -" Ihesitate not to declare, that the present
stivation of the case is far from beans aut.ll a. to
cause any alarm to the country with regard to the
navy, which it now posseses ; the ships have been
kept up with constant care and attention, and an im-
portant reserve is on the stocks, only awaiting com-
pletion; seventy vessels have been within the last
fifteen years added to our other vessels; and with
this fleet, insufficient as it may appear, has been ac-
complished the victories of Navarino, Algiers, Tagus,
St. Jean d'Ulloa, Tangiers, and Mogadore." On
this the Journal des Debate makes the fol-
lowing remarks : " If the present state of
our fleet, however, is equal to our expectations,
if the state of our maritime population exceeds our
hopes, it must be admitted that the state of the stores
in our different arsenals is not equally satisfactory—
and the Minister himself admits their insufficiency,—
the causes of this it is not neceessary for us to repeat,
for they have been often stated. It must not, how-
ever, be imagined that there is an actual diminution
in the value of our naval materiel, for it has, on the
contrary, increased in the coutse of the last fifteen
years by 76,300,000 f.; it must be merely understood
that the stores in depot in our arsenals are not equal
to the anticipated demand in future, and that it is for
this urgency it is necessary to provide. All the Minis-
ters of the Marine for the last 20 years have held the
same language. On this occasion the demonstration is
peremptory, and the Chambers will doubtless be satisfied
with it. The question, however, is not now simply
a vote of some supplementary credits to put our sup-
plies in harmony with the naval establishment as
fixed by the royal ordonnance of 1831, and the
royal decision of 1842, but a reconstitution of the
navy on a more extended basis; Admiral DE MACKAU,
therefore, proposes that the effective strength of the
navy shall be composed of 200 sailing vessels, con-
sisting of 40 vessels of the line, 20 to be afloat ; 60
frigates, 40 to be afloat, and 26 on the stocks, &c."
The outline of the plan, with the total number of
vessels belonging to each class, we published some
days ago.
ABD-SL-KADER, according to all accounts, is as
active and hostile as ever ; and Bou MAZA, said to

have been killed about the middle of last month, has
reappeared in the very neighbourhood of Orleans ville•
The Journal des Dbats gives the following account,
which, of course, is the most favourable that can be
furnished, and it is anything but favourable ;

"Abd-el-Kader has not come down into the valley of the
Chilif, as it was expected he would. He is said to be in
the south of the country of the Flittas, on the Upper
Mina, towards Tiaret. But this is not by any means
certain, and his movements are so rapid that our most
active columns are almost constantly at default, and there-
fore are obliged to confine themselves to covering the
meat important points of the interior. The rainy season,
which commenced with December, renders every ex-
pedition extremely difficult. The troops and convoys
have much suffered from the loss of a great number of
horses and mules, owing to excessive fatigue and want of
provisions on their marches of from twenty to twenty-
five days in the mountains, through the severe weather.
Almost all the brigades are in want of fresh stores, and
particularly shoes, from the delay in the arrival of the
convoys. Some days of repose in towns or entrenched
camps have become necessary to restore the greater
part of the columns to sach a condition as will en-
able them to resume their operations. Still the ex-
traordinary activity displayed by the army at the end
of the autumn is not without its fruits. The whole pro-
vince of Algiers has been kept in subjection, and Abd- el-
Kader prevented from entering it. The different tribes
situated within the circle of Orleansville have either been
chastised, brought to submission, or dispersed. In the
province of Oran, one-half, and that the most important
part of the circle of Mascara, has returned to its duty,
and, in fine, no attempt at revolt has been made with
success in the rich province of Constantine. At Tlemcen
it was announced by the Moniteur Algerien of the 30th
ult., that the frontier tribes had also made their sub-
mission ; but it appears from the Echo of Oran that the
Khalitas of Abd-el-Kader, taking advantage of the ab-
sence of General Cavaignac, had come down in force to
compel the tribes to emigrate. Nothing is known of the
designs of the Emir in thus forcing the 7 tribes to emigrate
to Morocco, nor of the organisation which he proposes
giving to the forces that he may henceforth have at his
diiposal in this quarter. The Moorish embassy is said
to disquiet him, as it leads him to apprehend some co-
operation on the part of Morocco with the French troops.
The death of Bou Masa is not confirmed ; but, on the
contrary, it is stated that this pertinacious and enter-
prising chief has reappeared in the circle of Orleansville.
endeavouring again to raise the tribes, although he has
with him but a very small body of men."
The General Council of Commerce of Paris has
adopted the following resolution, on the motion of M.
T. Ducos, the Deputy of Bordeaux :—" The Council
recommends that authority be given for the introduc-
tion from foreign countries, free of all duty, of iron
and sheet iron, destined for the construction of French
commercial ships, whether of wood or iron, and what-
ever may be their destination or tonnage."
A letter from Vienna of Dec. 31 says :—" Our
EMPEROR desired, on the arrrival of the Emperor o
RUSSIA, to pay him a visit on the same evening, but
the Emperor NICHOLAS sent word that he was then
indisposed. Ile, however, proceeded at a later hour to
the Imperial Palace. The review, which took place
to-day, collected together about 10,000 troops, and
the Emperor NICHOLAS commanded the regiment of
Hussars, which bears his name. It is supposed that
he will take his departure on January 2."
The Paris Bourse opened firm on Wednesday, but
as the day advanced. the market became rather more
flat, and left off at a slight decline. It closed as
follows :

Three per Cents. for cash, 83f. 15e.; for Account, 83f.
15c.; Five per Cents., for cash, 121 f. 30e.; for Account,
121 f. 30c.; Bank of France Shares, 3,330 f.; Neapolitan,
99f. 75c.; Spauish Threes, 37%; Ditto Fives, 37 ; New

Loan, not quoted.
The Share-market wasnot quite so good as on the previous
day. Paris and Orleans closed at 1,265 f.; Paris and. Rouen,
1,632 f. 50c. ; Rouen and Havre, 830 f. ; Avignon, 1,005 f. ;
Viezron, 715 f. ; Strasbourg and B
Basle, 237 f 50c. ; Boulogne
and Amiens, 5701. ; Northern, 7621. 50c. ; Bordeaux, 6571.
50c.; Fampoux, 5001. ; Detinitives were freely offered at—
Lyons, 140 prem. •, Strasbourg, 52f. 50c.; and Tours and
Nantes, 771. 50c., but not many purchasers.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TKE
LONDON STOCK EXCPIANGE, JAN. 8.
Anglo-Belgian Madrid and Valencia...
Barbadoes
Boulogne and Amiens.. 12% Namur and Liege
Bordeaux &Mediterrau North Jamaica .
Bordeaux and Toulouse Orleans and Yierzon
Do. & Cette (Espeleta) Orleans and Bordeaux 12
Do. ( Mackenzie's) .. 2 Over Ysgel ...1% dis.
Callao, Liraa, and Pa- Paris & Lyons (Latfitte) 2

cite Coast
Central of Spain ..
Ceylon .
Demerara
Dendre Valley ......
Ditch Rhenish
Dieppe & Paris Junct —
Dijon and Mulhouse
East Indian ...... ll/2
Fampoux & Ilazebrouk
Grt Northern of Frazee

Ditto (Ganneron's). Sl/2
Ditto (Calon's)....
Ditte (Sud Est) 2%
IParis and Orleans
Paris and Rouen .
Pas and Strasenrg
(Ganneren's)
Do. (Campo de L'Est)
De. (Ayraard'a)
Paris and St. Quentin —
Rosen and Havre.--

Constituted 143/4
Great Indian Peninsular %
Great Paris and Lyons. 2
Great Western Bengal
Great Western Canada
Jamaica 5 Mid. J anction

,Royal North, of Spain.
Sambre and Meuse .... 6%
Strasburg and Bale ....
Teurnay,Jurbise, Lan-
den, and Hasselt ...
Tours and Nantes

D.. North Midland
Do. Extensiou
Jersey
Louvain aid Jemappe 2l/2
Lyons aid Avignon 2 IA
Luxembourg

(Mackenzie's)
Do. ( Lefebvre's) —
De. (O'Neill's)
Trinidad
Verona and Ancona....
West Flanders 5%

Trim CABINET.—The first meeting of Sir Robert
Peers new Administration since the accession of
Lords Ellenborough and St. Germans to the Cabinet,
will, it is understood, take place on Monday next,
when a Cabinet Council, it is expected, will be held.
Mr. Gaskell, who has accepted the invitation of the
Wakefield free-traders to contest their borough as a
free-trader, is father of Mr. Milnes Gaskell, M.P. for
Wenlock, and Sir Robert Peel's Lord of the Treasury.

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