The Sun.
London, England, 1848-04-22 00:00:00

A
etiVnAlTa

LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 22, 1548.

Three extraordinary facts are visible in Europe in
reference to the resurrection or consolidation of three
important nationalities. France has so far established
a republic within her boundaries that her capital
witnessed on Thursday one of those grand jubilees
which illustrate her history with the pageantries of
the Parisians. Armed citizens to the number of
300,000 or 400,000 defiled before the Provisional
Government, with trumpets blowing, drums rolling,
and colours flying. It was a spectacle of national
exultation, such as might vie with the inauguration
of the imperial dynasty on the heights of Boulogne,
or with the constitutional pomps of the memorable
Champ de Mai. Italy presents the second remark-
able appearance in this hemisphere. Disquietude
in her southern extremities, confidence in her
central principalities, and war along her northern
frontiers—such is the aspect of that penin-
sula. Auxiliaries are arriving daily by the dif-
ferent roads which concentrate about the principal

cities of Lombardy. The most energetic. of her lay
sovereigns has himself assumed the leadershipd' theay
Italy. Victory hes al armies of Ital shed its glo"y
upon the Italian tri-colour on the banksl of the
Minclo, and more recently at Maracaria.isleanwhile,
under the cover of the defenders of projected
ecnfederation, negotiations have been seitt:teon foot for
under the
the purpose of constituting a national D
presidency of the Sovereign PONTIFF. There is
con-
sequently every probability of a speedy settlement
the affairs of this glorious, but hitherto disjointed
of
country, and tl.e more so from the circumstance of -
the energies of its principal antagonist (Austria) be-
ing required elsewhere for the prevention of an im-
minent and decisive dismemberment. Germany in
another directit:n is agitated by the throes which pre-
lude, not its emancipation, for it is already emanci-
pated, but its combination into one compact and gi-
gantic power. Towards these three divisions of the
continent the public attention is severally and collec-
tively attracted. Those three great and revolutionized
divisions of Europe form in their position a splendid
illustration of the character and tendencies of the
age ; they are to the cause of popular advancement
what the three degrees of comparison are to an ad-
iective. France has riven her bonds for ever, and is
even now exulting in the sense of her eternal and in-
destructibleof liberty. Italy has emerged from the
tomb
her recent and prolonged
already has a foretaste of the joys and securities of
independence,although the scheme of her con-
federative Diet yet only been projected.
Germany, with anodwiffstrursent and more procrastinated
destiny, is only
to release itself from
the restrictions of many obsoletestruggling to
and feudal authorities.
Germany gg
Hence the fate of
the future of either Franceor"l more dubious than
rily more dubious from the great Italy. It is necessa-
interests, and from the jealousies fomented
of its
numerous and petty Governments. mßented among its
ebfore
and such incongruous materials can so many
woven it
one concrete nationality, anxieties, sus p i cnto
tous, strifes,
sorrows, and disastrous evidences of ambition are in-
evitable.
Every additional fragment of intelligence
cor-
roborates our opinion as to the ordeal whichey
is reserved for the Germans before they
can hope to consolidate the struggles, the
wisdom, and the commercial and political inte-
rests of Fatherland. A Zollverein is certainly not
in this respect like the pamphlet of the ex-repre-
sentative of Ma(;on—" A Vision of the Future."
This is demonstrated by the distracted state of the
Germanic confederation. In the Polish frontiers,
for example, we find the division of MIEROSLAWSKI
moving towards the woods of Crotoschin, as if in
preparation for a campaign at Aix-la-Chapelle.
Wax-lights are burnt in homage around the corpses
of the dead insurgents. Off Stettin the armed vessels
of the Danes are capturing the merchantmen (iSchles-

wig. In Hungary there are monster meetings in favour
of a physical demonstration. In Bohemia the recent
turmoil gives scarcely any token of its speedily sub-
siding. In Gallicia serious collisions between the
armed masses are reported to have occurred. At
Posen di3order continues to prevail, and bands of the
excited population parade the duchy with menacing
cries and ominous combinations. At Vienna an
Imperial decree of the Emperor of AUSTRIA an-
nounces that on and after the Ist of January, 1849,

"all feudal and personal servitude will cease, and
that i❑ lieu thereof a crown rent be substituted."
At Berlin, on the contrary, much indigna-
tion is excited by the arrival of certain
military decorations, transmitted in terms of com-
pliment from the Emperor of RUSSIA to eight
officers who made themselves particularly conspicuous
in the slaughter of the inhabitants of that metropolis.
Such are the passions which clash against each other
in the oscillations of German opinion and in the
ebullitions of German nationality.
After a certain probationary interval has elapsed
there can be no question but that the independence of
Germany, of Italy, and of Poland, will be secured
beyond the hope of their after subjugation. They are
rising majestically and heroically—fint Italy, then
Germany, then Poland—and the arbiter of the whole
movement is France.

It was yesterday our painful duty to direct the
public attention to the atrocious sentiments that had
been put forward by a Roman Catholic clergyman,
who, forgetting the benign precepts of his religion,
directly stimulated the people committed to his
charge to acts of violence and bloodshed, and pandered
to the worst passions of the excitable population. A
more pleasing duty, however, devolves upon us this
day. In place of polluting our columns with the
truculent and sanguinary harangues of the BERMING
HAMS or the KENYONS, we may adorn them with the
wise, the beneficent, the salutary counsels of a truly
Christian minister—the Very Rev. Dr. APENERY,
the R. C. Vicar-General of Kerry. The
address of that amiable and pious pastor
contains the best antidote to the poison dis-
seminated by his unworthy brethren, and
must prove the most salutary remedy for the insur•
rectionary epidemic that is now raging in so many
districts. The sound sense, the unanswerable argu-
ments put forward by this respected gentleman, must
convince any unprejudiced mind of the absolute
futility of any armed resistance to the British power,
supported and strengthened as it is by the well
affected and loyal inhabitants of the country—cf the

fearful ruin and desolation that would be the inevi-
table consequences of such a resistance—of the op-
portunities for amelioration and prosperity that would
thereby be absolutely cast away—the feasible reforms
that would be lost—the myriads of human beings
that would perish by the sword, or under the more
lingering torments of pestilence and famine, w ith all
their accumulated and aggravated horrors.
The motives of some of the leading agitators, who
incite the masses to acts of violence and insubordina-

tion, wholly regardless of the consequences the
may result to their wretched dupes, are also laid bare
and exposed in the most masterly and effective
manner. We must, however, suffer Dr..AITNERT
to speak for himself:—
" Cold, hunger, and utter destitution would be the
portion of the misguided people engaged in a rebel-
lion—extensive slaughter in the open country—agri-
culture would be neglected—the crops burned in the
field, or trampled under the hoof of the war horse—
myriads of orphans and widows would roam through
the desolate land, seeking that food which did not
exist—the sacred edifice consecrated to the service of
the Most High would become a smouldering ruin
the unobtrusive retreat of piety, purity, and education
would become the barracks of a licentious soldiery--
property would be squandered by the most reckless
miscreants in thoughtless riut—the banks would be-
come insolvent—the helpless inmates of poorhouses
would crawl out from their asylums, seeking that
sustenance which could not be afforded to them, and
dying by thousands on the roadsides—the ear of man
would be closed against the cries of his suffering
fellow-man—morality would perish, and selfishness,
cruelty, and violence would reign universally—and
the overwhelming power of union, wealth, and dis-
ciplined strength would extinguish the flames of abor-
tive rebellion in the blood of the misguided people.
The picture is not overcharged. It would become an
awful reality. Then would not the attempt, by the
instrumentality of a rebellion, be foolish in the ex-
treme ?"
The Reverend Gentleman, although so graphically
depicting the heart-rending consequences of such an
outbreak, is by no means insensible to the wrongs
and sufferings of his unhappy country. He points
out clearly and plainly the causes that have led
thereto. They have not been the results of recent
measures, of the sins of any reign, or the acts of any
Ministers ; they are the growth of centuries, during
which neglect and oppression have been manifested
on the one side, and distrust and estrangement on
the other, until, as the Rev. Doctor truly states,
Turbulence, sloth, ignorance, and idleness were
forced upon the most improvable and moral people
under the canopy of heaven," While " the people
foolishly and universally attempted to redress their
wrongs by insane rebellions, in which the means
were clearly inadequate to procure the proposed end,
all the countless miseries inseparable from
an unsuccessful civil war fell upon the
country, and caused it to retrograde for
many dark and tedious years. An imaginative
and ardent people thus neglected, and destitute of
,elf-reliance, listened to every political empiric,
and overlooked the means by which their condition
might be gradually but infallibly improved."
It is owing to such causes as that the MITCHELLS,
the MEAGIIERS, and the SMITH OTRIENS7 cum
multis (this, are enabled to mislead the too confiding
people, to stimulate and excite them to anarchy and
rebellion, in place of seeking for those constitutional
reforms—those useful and legitimate measures which
are so urgently required.
Although we have already extracted so largely
from this admirable address, we cannot refrain from
making one more quotation in reference to the w ould-
be leaders :

" I may be told that the Liberal journals, the
watchful sentinels of the Irish nation—that the glo-
rious and eloquent orators, who stand forward to
denounce the cruel Saxon, and to shed their Irish
blood for fatherland—speak with hope, encourage-
ment,c and confidence of the issue of the ontest. My
tear friends, attach no credit to their assertions—
confide not in their promises—be not so helplessly
credulous
an insane and
as to '
The journalisturugheeqounayl osutrutoggelme,bwarikshoens
ruinouswhotlomoguianin,eid that
to continue alnoodk, forincrease the circulation of his
praise and profit— and these
journal—he
youareh
inis the fatherland.pa th who would encourage
with a craving appe-
tite, for applause. Let this, seeks,
however evanescent, be
of ruin Thel)
conferred on him—he seldomAncares what evils may
outbreak would ine-
vitablypweoruiolda the enactment
befal his deluded hearers.
prevent for a very long
of those salutary measures.
probably, hundreds of thousands of differentconsign' very
perpetuate
ages to a
premature grave. It would kindle anew the unhal-
lowed fires of religious rancour—it would
distrust, estrangement, and mutual aversion b
both countries, and it would leave Ireland int s v ehere n
misery and degradation. Will any man, the
weak as to doubt that a rebellion would be ' beso 1
ruinous to
the country ?"
We trust that the Irish people will duly appreciate
this valuable advice, coming as it does from a quarter
in which they may place such implicit confidence, and
of which they have so much reason to be proud. Dr.
M'ENEILY may feel the proud satisfaction of having
rendered the most essential services to the cause and
tranquillity, and advanced the best interests of his
beloved country. He has also vindicated his Church
and her pastors from the reproaches that might have
been provoked by the conduct of a few turbulent and
mischievous individuals--reproaches which, however
undeserved by the great body of the clergy, might
have been cast upon them by persons who were not
aware how fully and entirely they repudiated the
insane and reckless conduct of the BERMINGHAUS
and the KENYONS.
H

.owever solicitous the great body of the people
of this country may be for various necessary reforms,
and for the adoption of such legislative measures as
are, to their thinking, likely to tend to the ameliora-
tion of their condition ; and, moreover, however great
may be the approbation of some among that body for
individual points of the Charter, the recent attempted
demonstrations of the Chartists have elicited from
them neither sympathy nor support. On the contrary,
those demonstrations, and the disturbances which they
were calculated to produce, have evoked from the
English people spontaneous and simultaneous mani.

festations of their allegiance to the Constitution and
respect for the laws. So great and unequivocal was
this manifestation of the popular feeling that when
Mr. FEARGUS O'CONNOR, in his remarks in the House
of Commons in reference to the petition, seemed to
insinuate that the fictitious names signed thereto had
been introduced by Government spies, Lord J.
RUSSELL good- humouredly and most signifi-
ficantly inquired of him, if he did not think that
some of the most violent proceedings of the Chartist
Convention had been also instigated by Government
spies attending there, for the purpose of provoking an
exhibition of the loyal and orderly sentiments of the
people. Nevertheless, in spite of this observation of
the Prime Minister, the Duke of WELLINGTON, in
giving his approval of the Government Security Bill,
expressed his opinion that a great contempt of the
law was prevalent in this country—a contempt of the
law which of late years had been gradually increas-
ing. As an illustration of his argument, the Noble
Duke observed, that some years back (about 1831)
insurrections had broken out simultaneously at Lyons
and Bristol, the population in both towns being about
the same. Nevertheless, one squadron of dragoons
did that at Bristol which required 60,000 men to
perform at Lyons, namely, to put down the insurrec-
tions, and preserve the cities from destruction.
" My Lords," concluded the Noble Duke, " I attri-
bute the different success of those two efforts to
the respect which prevailed at that time in Eng-
land for the law—to the feeling which every
man had that he was disobeying the law
by joining in that insurrection ; and respect for
the law it was which then saved Bristol. We are
certainly not now in that happy position. It is true,
that without the exercise of force, we saw large
bodies of persons who had collected in the vicinity of
this town quietly disperse, but that was not out of
submission to the law. Was not the whole population
of the town, civil as well as military, under arms ?
Were there not several hundred thousand persons
employed as constables ? And, consequently," asks
the Noble Duke, after this enumeration, " Can it be
said that respect for the law prevented any outrage
being committed ?" Most certainly it can. The
questions of the Noble Duke contain their own most
satisfactory answer. It was not respect for the law
that preserved peace on the 10th of April, says
the Duke of WELLINGTON, for he asks, " TVere not the
whole population, civil as well as military, under arms?
Were there not several hundred thousand persons
employed as special constables ?" After replying in
the affirmative to this demand, may we, in our turn,
be permitted to inquire if it was not respect fur the
laws which thus awed the whole civil population, and
called for the willing exertions of so many persons as
special constables ? The Duke of WELLINGTON'S
question is his own best answer. Respect for the
laws did preserve peace on the 10th of April. So
universally is this desirable fact admitted, that on the
Duke of WELLINGTON resuming his seat, Lord
DENMAN emphatically declared that recent proceed-
ings only tensed to manifest the loyal and orderly
sentiments of the people. " I think," he said, " that
when a disturbance of the public peace was threatened

the exhibition of order which then took place
peaceable men leaving their ordinary occupations
of life to expose themselves to probable danger,
and to certain inconvenience, at a great sacrifice-
-I think it was one of the finest spectacles ever ex-
hibited on the part of a people attached to the law,
because convinced by long experience of the benefits
of the protection to be derived from it." " I am
sure," added Lord DENMAN, " I can never speak
without feelings of the utmost admiration of the
Duke of WELLINGTON, but I feel I should be want-
ing in some degree in what was due to the real cha •
racter of the English people, if I allowed the ex-
pression about the growing contempt of the law,'
to pass without comment." On this the Commander-
in-Chief, to a certain extent, qualified his former as-
sertion, which assertion, however, has been so far
satisfactory by eliciting from the House of Lords an
almost unanimous expression of their admiration for
the recent conduct of the people. It is said that, in
order to perpetuate the memory of these loyal de-
monstrations on the part of the lower orders, a sub-
scription is about to be raised for the pur-
pose of erecting some public building that may
serve as a fitting popular memorial. To our thinking,
however, such a proceeding would be derogatory
to the honourable character of the people. England,
we know, expects every man to do his duty, and in
the recent pacific demonstration every man has done
his duty, and consequently is deserving of all appro-
bation. Nevertheless, to raise a subscription and
found a monument in celebration of the recent
effort to preserve the peace, and to attest
the loyalty of the British people, is surely most
uncalled for. What is so manifest requires no
such deliberate attestation. It would be raising a
monument to the pyramids, and a pillar to celebrate
the erection of the column of TRAJAN. The love of
the British people for order and peace is proclaimed
in the fact of their national existence, in the circum-
stance of their commercial prosperity, and in the
very form and character of their institutions.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

PROCEEDINGS AT PARIS.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The fetes of Thursday passed off without the least
disturbance, and in the evening Paris was brilliantly

!laminated. The illumination was universal, ex
:ending to all the bye streets and the suburbs.

`The members of the Provisional Government took
their seats on the platform at the Barriere de l'Etoile
to distribute the colours at eight o'clock in the morn-
ing, and did not quit the platform until ten at night.
The Moniteur says—

" It is calculated that at least 400,000 armed men
defiled before the Provisional Government. Never
did so powerful an army display its ranks in so nar-
row a space in so short a time, and with so much
calm. Never did the Cabinet of a great people make
a manifestation so colossal or so reassuring."
The following is the speech made by M. ARAGO,
the Minister of War, to the colonels of the regiments
assembled to receive the colours :
" Colonels of the National Guard and the Army,—
The Provisional Government is about to confide these
colours to your honour, and to the honour of the
citizens and soldiers whom you command. Let these
Republican colours, of which history consecrates the
glorious remembrance, recal at all times to your
eyes the living image of free and regenerated France.
Let our hearts be penetrated with the holy device of
the Republic, henceforth become the immortal faith
of the country. If that country have need of your
arms, let this flag serve as a guide to your courage.
Let it be, in the midst of peace, a symbol of disci-
pline and order, a signal of rallying for the defence
of those great principles which the Revolution has
proclaimed, and which the Republic will revive.
Citizen soldiers, soldier citizens, all children of the
people, equally dear to the people, carry with pride
that emblem of the strength and of the grandeur of
the armed people. It is for the Republic a pledge of
union and of power—for all free people a guarantee
of alliance and friendship—and for the people who
are yet oppressed a hope of being liberated. Colonels,
in the name of the Republic, we take God and man
to witness that you swear fidelity to its flag."
The colonels, lifting their swords, replied, "We
swear it! Vive la Republique!" The first of the
colours was then distributed by M. DUPONT (de
I, Lure), and the others by the other members of the
Provisional Government, each making a short ad-
dress in delivering the colours. Immediately after-
wards, that is, at eleven o'clock, the defiling com-
menced.

About fifty veterans of the army of the Empire,
each wearing a uniform of that period, took part in
the/de of Thursday. They were headed by an old
man in the costume of the Imperial Guard, who, it
was said, had attained the age of 102. Ho supported
himself on a stick, and brandished his sword with his

left hand when he heard the Marseillaise or the
Chant du Depart. This small troop of grognards

was loudly cheered by the people.
The following manifesto from the chiefs of the
secret societies was extensively placarded over Paris
on Wednesday :
" Republicans—The organization of our secret so-
cieties dates from 1815. Our object then was to
overthrow an odious power ; we were untiring in
the pursuit of that end. Persecutions exile, im-
prisonment, the scaffold, instead of discouraging us,
only increased our energy. Berton, Bories, Valee,
Caron, those glorious martyrs, sealed their devotion
to the holy cause of liberty with their blood. Our
indefatigable perseverance effected the triumph of
1830. But the people did not know how to turn the
victory to account. Thelbourgeoisie re-established the