The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-31 00:00:00

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9 DECEMBER

1846.

Pb s.T.c

be ever ready to afford, though, as I conceive, without
presuming to insist upon its adoption.
" With reference to the drainage of cultivated lands,
I will only remark that the depth of the drains, and their
distance asunder, must necessarily depend upon a tho-
rough knowledge of the subs.:il, and of its retentiveness,
which knowledge can only be acc,uired, in numerous
eases, by actual proof of the results of comparative ex-
periments on the same soil ; nu :cience or skill, as I
believe, being► equal to determine the relative reten-
tiveness of different soils, unaided by practice or expe -
riment.
" The adoption, too, of the material to be used for
the drains, Inuit and will depend upon the facilities for
obtaining such materials, and their relative prices in each
locality.'
" In another and important respect, the interpretation
of the Act in regard to thedrainage of uncultivated lands,
the directors must again recur with satisfaction to Mr.
Blarnire's letter. That gentleman states—' With refer-
ence to the drainage of uncultivated landi (of lands still
in a state of nature), it will often be found that the first
process must be that of getting out of the land, to a cer-
tain depth, all stones or portions of rock, by trenching
such lands more or less perfectly; as well for the purpose
of obtaining the materials for drainage, as of rendering
the lands capable of being ploughed in the ordinary
manner.

THE HERRING DUT lES.

•
(From the John O'Groat Journa,?.)
The following will exhibit at one view the present
duties on Scotch herrings, and upon other fisl3., presen,ly
levied by the various continental nations. It aid b
seen at once that it would be a matt, r of tine high( st
importance to obtain an alteration in any of these
dutiei :
Rate of Duty on British Herrings and Dried Fish in
Foreign Countries.
PRUSSIAN DUTY.
Per barrel of pickled herrings, one thule cx• thaler,
equal to about 3s. sterling. Transit duty on herrings
carried through Prussia into Russia, Poland, Austria,
&c., one-half thaler per barrel, or about Is. 6d. sterling.
RUSSIAN DUTY.
Per barrel of pickled herrings, one rouble Lind thirty
copeks, equal to about 4s. 2d. sterling. On salted fish.
pr pound, or thirty-six pounds, English, three roubles
and sixty copeks. While the Russian duty on Norwo-
gian hem rings is thirty-five copeks per barrel, or about
Is. 2d. sterling.

BELGIAN DUTY.
Per barrel of pickled herrings, francs, or about
1/. 6s. 10d. sterling. Per barrel of smoked herring-,
twelve francs, seventy-two cents., or about 10s. 7d.
sterling.
NOTE—The above duty on British herrings, &c., has
been considerably raised of late,, while the duty on
Dutch cured herring has been greatly reduced. The
reason assigned is, that England "not having a treaty of
commerce with Belgium, this country cannot insist that
Belgium should not rect ive the produce of other coun-
tries at a lower rate of duty than that of England."
FRENCH DUTY.
Salt-water fish, dried, salted, or smoked, viz., herrings.
cod, or ling, &c., per a hundred kilograms, or two hun-
dred and twenty pounds English weight, forty francs, or
1/. 15s. 2d. sterling. Thus, a barrel of herrings, accprd-
lug 4.14 weigta, would kitty of duty from 11. 173. to 21.
sterling.

" ' Tho second process would be that of putting in the
drain:, and the third, that of fencing the lauds when
drained.

" Nov, as to the first of these three processes, I can
only say (in the ahsence of my colleagues) that I am in-
dividually of opinion that such trenching is an expense
necessarily incident to the drainage of land, and there-
tore clearly within the provisions of the Act and that

I hive no -doubt but that the board will so decide.
" As to the third point, the fencing, the board hare
not as yet had any discussion upon it, and it is not a

point which would appear to me to press for immediate
tpsidecisionoteaenttettohtoatyiti:intsuhae G
,te the same time I mar venture. I think. to
haveeeveryennetiwill
th e reasonnot
Act,w withhold
hhool
fencing
hope
haenidr
sanc-
tion
inenxcg--
thatonos
tyrleurcntmi
consequent upon the drainage of the land.
" With reference to the drainage of moss or bog lands,
I will only state that I conceive, in many cases, the main
drains would be made to answer the purposes of fences,
and that no fencing, or but little, would be required in
such cases.
" ' And lastly, it would appear to tee that by the drain-
age of many of your sheep-walks, a vast improvement,
eeh satisfaction
thinking,
both in the temperature of the climate and in the
herbage of your pastures, might be effected.'
" The directors agree with Mr. Blandre, that trench-
ing is a
necessary
in accom accompaniment
nnt
th
thate teo
provisions t h e
e ft
the
iw
uncultivated lands, to be rendered arable; and they have
mAct are to cover the expense of such an operation,
which will be of great advantage in districts occupied
by cottagers, as enabling them to increase the extent of
'hesic... lois. The directors aro not aware whether the
Bill be brought turn,.. the Ive entitled to
" The directors, while expressarei,..,!.
the objects of the Act, of the manner in which it iho
be executed, and of the liberal views entertained by the
Commissioners, would take the opportunity of respect-
fully making a few suggestions for their consideration.
" Mr. 131amire states, that ' the Commissioners make
a point of directing the attention of applicants for
advances to the propriety (when practicable) of stating
in their applications the sum required for the drainage
of each farm or parcel of land separately, in order that,
so soon as the drainage of such farm or parcel of land
is completed, the whole amount assigned for such works
by the provisional certificate (section 17) may be paid;
otherwise, when the application refers to the drainage of
more farms than one, and the provisional certificate
assigns an aggregate sum for the drainage of these farms
the 17th section prevents an advance on account for
works done, of more than two-thirds parts of the sum
then expended.'
" The dirt ctors would suggest, that the Board of
Commissionerii should, after entertaining an application
to cover the sum necessary for the whole of the drainage
contemplated on an estate or barony, and issuing a pro-
visional certificate for the gross amount, thereafter
receive, in the shape of a supplement specification, the
details of the expenditure to be made on each farm or
township, in order to facilitate the payment of the full
amount so specified and expended on each separate piece
of work.

DUTY AT NAPLES AND SICILY.
Herrings, per centari, three ducats ; cod fish, per cer.•
tari, three ducats, twenty grans ; pilchards, per centari,
one ducat, twenty grans. One ducat is 3s. s,lfd. sterling,
and a centari weighs about two cwt. English. A barred
of rod herrings weighs from one and ihree-fourth cwt. to
two cwt. ; thus the duty would be from 9s. Id. to 10s. I od.
sterling per barrel for red herrings. No white herring,
are sent to this market, the duty being considered pro-
, hibitory. Besides the above direct duties, there are
various indirect taxes on all herrings entering the Elbe,
Rhine, Lubec, Bremen, &c., which, on a low priced article,
such as pickled herrings, are found very Oppressive.
SPANISH DUTY.
Unknown, but considered prohibitory for herrings. ex-
cept in Spanish ♦essels direct from tne fishing ground.

THE WEATHER AND THE PARKS
'
MORE ACCIDENTS ON THE ICE.
37esterday afternoon, after a slight thaw in the morn•
"Abe weather resumed its previous severity, reducing
esTfigure it re
nigst:t~aj- at which
e 7 to be Imes..-
officers e%Svp
aesr
in Serpentine nee ymo
morning
officers of the Royal Humane Society. A young ilmio
named Kirby, residing in Gower-street, Bedford-square
and a lad named Williams, residing in Shoemaker's-
row, Doctor's commons, were both at once immersed ir
the water by the breaking of the ice: they were, how-
ever, speedily rescued by one of the Humane Society':
icemen, aided by one of the parkkeepers. Two other
young gentlemen were afterwards immersed through the
breaking of the ice in different parts of the Serpentine
but were saved in the like manner. A boy named
Walking, residing in Wellington-street, Blackfriars
road, fell on the ice very heavily, and inflicted a severe
fracture upon his head.
Sr. JAMES'S PARK.—The ornamental water in St.
James's Park was yesterday:visited by upwards of 3,000
individuals. Several immersions and other accident,
took place, but fortunately none of any serious nature,
owing to the prompt and efficient assistance which was
available at all parts.
REGENT'S PARK,.—Yesterday, a young man, named
Griffiths, while skating on the ice in this park, was sud-
denly immersed in the water, in consequence of the
breaking of the ice, and notwithstanding the immediate•
assistance of several icemen being available, 11:- conk+
not be recovered until the elapse of nearly three minutes
when he was brought firth, apparently dead ; but by
the appliance of the usual restoratives he ultimately re-
covered and proceeded homeward in a very weak :tate.
The number of visitors and pleasure seekers at Regent',
Park exceeded 4,000.

" But it would be an additional boon to landowners,
and give them increased facility in availing themselves
of the benefit of the Act, if the advances on account,'
referred to in sections 17 and 28, were extended from
two-thirds to the whole of the sum covered by the pro-
vision.ll certificate ; and the directors would strongly
urge these points for the consideration of the Commis-
sioners.

KENSINGTON GARDENS —Both the long water and
the round pond in Kensington-gardens were yesterday
much frequented, and beyond an occasional breaking of
the ice no acciJents occurred.

1 In the 4 vent of another Act, it would be desirable that
power should be given to ell proprietors to claim the
expense of the tail or outfall, as a proper part of the
expense of drainage, and more especially that proprietors
of upper lands should have a right of outfall, through
adjoining and lower properties. The Irish Drainage Act
contains such a provision. and the introduction of a
similar one for Scotland, under proper precautions for the
protection of the proprietor whose land is to be used,
would remove obstacles which now present themselves to
the drainage of many parts of the country.
" The directors would, in conclusion, express their
decided opinion, that the Drainage Act confers a great
boon on the landed interest generally, and more espe-
cially on proprietors holding their estates under settle-
ments of entail, who, at present, can borrow money for
such improvents only at a greater sacrifice; while by the
present measure they can, with the aid of their tenants
(who, in most cases, will readily agree to pay a large
share of the interest), raise money at the ordinary
market rate. It is aho to be observed that the interpre-
tation which the Commissioners will, it is expected, put
on its provisions, as well as the manner in which they
are ready to give effect to them, materially enhance the
advantages it affords.
" The advantages are not confined to any one section
of the agricultural class, but extend to the whole body;
to the landlord and to the tenant, by holding out, in the
absence of other means, a ready mode of improving their
lands; to the labourer, by providing for him work and
wages; and to the country, by increasing the productive.
ness of our native soil.

THE FLUTE.—The invention of tl-e flute is as-
signed to the goddess Minerva, of whom it is related
that having excited the derision of Juno and Venus whilst
playing upon her favourite instrument, she examined tht
rt Election of her face in a fountain,and perceiving thecon-
tortions it underwent whilst blowing her flute, she threw
it into the water, and from that time confined herself
to the l.) re. Prior to the invention of the lyre, tht
flute was the most favourite instrument of the ancients :
so greatly was its music admired by all classes of
the Greeks that they who played upon it skilful!)
were assured of their fortune. Plutarch tells us that
the Pythoness at Delphi, pronounced her oracles it
verse, and her voice was generally accompanied by
the sound of the flute. Aristotle, indeed, tells us
that at its first introduction among the Greeks, the fluty
was little thought of and less esteemed, but after tht
defeat of the Persians, so great was the change of public
opinion in favour of this instrument, that, to be unable
to play upon it, was a serious reproach to one who pro-
fessed to have received a good education.
DEADLY ENCOUNTER BETWEEN Two SALMON.—
Instances of the ferocity of the varied species of bipeds
and quaArupeds have been often recorded in the public
j 'wads. and Mr. Jesse and Mr. St. John have lately
furnished interesting incidents regarding the traits ane.
habits of these animals ; but we have this week to nar-
rate a more remarkable occurrence, in the character of
the salmon, than we have yet had the opportunity to re-
cord. The facts are these :—While several cattermen
(of the preventive service) were on their rounds the other
day, and bearing along the Findhorn, betty. en Glenfer-
ness and Dulcie Bridge, they observed an unusual oim
motion among the spawning-beds on the ford. On ap
proaching the spot two largo male salmon were seen
engaged in mortal combat for possession of a female.
Never did chivalric knights contest for the hand o:
" ladye fair" more fiercely than these buirdly " lords of
the flood." The tranquil bosom of the stream was
lashed into foam by the struggles of the finny antago-
nists ; in the meantime the object of the fray, beating
silently abut " spectatress of the fight." From the
appearance of the stream—dyed with blood, and
gradually assuming its former smooth surface—it w.,:
evident that the contest was over. One of the salmon,
at last, floundered on the surface—dead, and the victor,
it may be conjectured, exhaustedly bore off his prize.
The men, who had the curiosity to watch the fight, as a
proof of their story, conveyed- the dead salmon to the
nearest dwelling, that of Mr. George Mackintosh, March
Strypo, near the entrance of the secluded valley called
the Streens. The victorious salmon had torn off the
flesh, or rather fish, along the back from head to tail to
the very bone. In the movement of salmon spawning,
the male ones have been often seen chasing one another,
but such a fray as this has not been witnessed by the
oldest fisher or poacher on the Findhorn.—Elgin Courier.
At the Norwich Consistorial Court, on Monday,
the case of Rackham v. Bluck again came on. The Rev.
defendant is.rector of Walsoken, Norfolk, and the pro-
ceedings were instituted by the Bishop of Norwich for
the purpose of appropriating a portion of the income
(1,5861. per annum) to the support of a resident clergy.
man, to perform the spiritual duties of the parish, the
incumbent being non-resident. Three different suits
have been commenced, and Mr. Bluck is in contempt.
A fourth suit stands fixed for the Ist of January. The
first proceeded, on this occasion, only as far as the
allegation.
DISTRESS IN TUB METROPOLIS.—MEETING OF TIIE
CLERGY.—The alarming progress which distress is
making in the metropolis, and the apprehensions enter
tained that it is likely to become more general and ap-
palling, have attracted the attention of the clergy of all
denominations; and a committee of their number has
been formed for the purpose of making arrangements
for holding a general conference of ministers, in order
to deliberate on the measures which ought to be adopted
for relieving the existing distress. The conference is to
take place at Exeter-hall, and will be attended by a
very large number of reverend gentlemen of various
sects. Among those who are taking an active interest
its getting up the contemplated meeting, are the Hon.
and Rev. Baptist Noel, `the Rev. W. Champneys, the
Rev. Mr. Osborne, the Rev. Dr. Liefehild, and the Rev.
Dr. F. A. Cox. It is calculated that the attendance of
m-tropentan ministers will not be less than 100.
THE WEATHER GLASSES Bzwyrcim.--On the
mor.ling of the 23d inst. the inhabitants of Cowes were
thrown into great consternation by the sudden fall of
the quicksilver in their barometers (and there is hardly
a hou,e there without one); many of them had sunk to
28.00, and all to very nearly that point. The day was
ow l.° ist, and a light breeze from the northward; all
expected a tremendous gale, but there was only a light
breeze. On the 24th the day was fine, with very little
wind, and the barometer got up to 28.70; on the 25th
to 29.80, with frost ; on the 26th to 30.32, the fine
weather continuing. No one can account for the great
depressi; ii.
Tun NELSON RELlCS.—Captain Perrott, of Plum-
, stead, near Woolwich, has presented to the United Ser-
vice Institution an interesting relic of the immortal
Nelson, for which he has received a vote of thanks from
the committee of council. It is a portion of the deck of
the Victory-, which is now replaced by a railing and brass
plate, engraved with the words, " Here Nelson fell."
The piece of wood is finely carved into a mural crown
and is a part of the timber cut by order of George IV.*
when Prince Regent. It is now platwd in a gusts ease
for the inspection of the public, with other mementos of
the illgetrioue dead%

" The act recognises the right of a tenant to become
a party to an application, and the tenantry of the
country, especially those holding current leases con-
taining no clauses for drainage, cannot be too strongly
impressed with the importance of availing them-
selves of the benefit of this measure, by co-operating,
when necessary, with their landlord. In many
cases the concurrence of a tenant may not be required,
but in others, from the peculiar circumstances in which
the estate may be pieced, it may be unavoidable. The
advactago of such co-operation cannot be better illustra-
ted than by the following case, the circumstanc sof
which are known to one of the directors, and, with a
statement of them, they will close this report:—Within
these few days a farm was let under condition that the
proprietor should expend a certain sum in cutting drains
the tunant filling them. After the bargain was con-
cluded, the tenant proposed that the proprietor should
avail himself of the provisions of the Drainage Act, and
apply for double the sum to be so expended, on which he
offered to pay inti rest at the rate of four per cent. To
this proposal the proprietor at _once agreed, and the
effect of it is, that the proprietor gets double the sum he
proposed expending upon the permanent improvement
of his estate, for payment merely of an annuity of 2f per
cent. fur twenty-two years, at the end of which the
whole sum expended is extinguished.'

• To the Highland districts in which the potato crop has
failed, this is a matter of the highest importance. If these
districts are no longer to depend on potatoes for the chief
food of the inhabitants, the cultivation of grain must be
largely increased, and much new land brought under tillage;
for nearly three acres of oats or bear are required to produce
as much human food as one acre of potatoes. Thess districts
are all grazing countries, and in such countries crop of any
kind cannot be raised without secure fences.

DARING ASSAULTS.—ATTEMPTED ROBBERIES.—
Between three and four o'clock on Sunday afternoon,
two genteelly. dressed young men, when proceeding
along the Paisley-road a little way beyond the Sheddens-
toll, were set upon by four ruffians, knocked down, and
very severely kicked. Their cries brought assistance
from Plantation house, and the highwaymen had to de-
camp without obtaining any booty beyond two silk hand-
kerchiefs, although several attempts were made to carry
off the watch of one of the young men. One day this
week, a gentleman who lives on the Govan road, re-
ceiving payment of a sum of 251. in a shop in the Gal-
lowgate—a transaction which had evideuly been ob-
served by two of our gold watch robbers, who after-
wards accompanied him to Patrick in one of the omni-
buses, in which they no doubt learned he was going out
at the foot of the Craw •road. One of the thieves—both
of whom were well attired—got out before they arrived
at the place above-mentioned, while the other ali4hted
along with the gentleman. No sooner, however, had
the omnibus gone upon its way, than the gentleman was
set upon by the two scoundrels, who knocked him down,
and, but fur his coat having been securely tastenid
could have eased him of his money as well us his gold
watch and somewhat showy appendanges. Luckily the
cries of the gentleman brought assistance, and the high
waymen decamped. When such things are done within
a few yards of the extended municipality, on the public
highway, in daylight, what may be expected during the
sh,.‘lcs of nleht?—Glasgow Citizen.
Bo TALL YACHT SQUADRON INTBLLIGENCE.—ELBC-
TioN OF Commoro.tr.—Some of the members o
the squadron have called a special meeting of
the members for the 20th of January next, at the
Thatched House Tavern, to elect a new commodore, but
the members generally object to its taking place it a
time when it is inconvenient for the greater number to
be present, and think that all have an equal right to
vote, and that the annual general meeting is the only
proper time for the election to take place. At pie sent a
great many members aro in Ireland, and the groat ma
jority at a distance from London; so that out of 160
members, not more than twenty will attend the special
meeting.

e e e -G- - -
pxli

G- C.---?---e_

t .
wooLwicy)lo l'A T., A 1? TY!: tXrt V.
______--•
r, Deo. 29.—The public
t practice range of the
!i Royal Artillery in the Plumstead marshes is totally in-
iadequate to the wants of the service. Owing to the great
increase of steam navigation on the, river, the difficulty
of ensuring a clear range free fr an dan:r
. I vastly increased, and elm.i• - .1 - ' g has been
a day has piosed in e 'e•
torzaPv interfereet -1: . . . • ...
the (1 -.y. The tat I. .•, .. , ;., , . r
otesua nt itf the
I garrison, stated, in his evidence before a Caominitf-ea of
the House of Commons on the South-Eastern Rail:trey.
that, " within the last spring (1845) we have had 28
consecutive days without firing a single shot," owning to
the interruptions that took place by ships and steamerg
passing by or anchoring in front of the practice
range. In cou.equence of these interruptions, the Board
of Ordnance determined on selecting a more eligible
spot fora practice range, where the operations would be
le,s liable to interruptions from passing traffic. and
where a larger space. mi 'ht be secured to te,t the In-al-fee
pieces of ordnance which the present improved s) sterrtof
gunnery has brought into such general use. Tile
,;r, nteal
distance allowed in the pre tart pracice range is 1,500
yards, which is the whole length of the marshea !lulu
the entrance gate to the "Butt," and as the heavy 96-
paunders will throw a shot three miles, these guns have
very seldom been fired, and then only with a reduced
charge of powder. It became necessary therslore to
secure a range of at least three miles in length, in order
to test these heavy pieces of ordnance. The Board of
Ordnance at first attempted to secure a range of Ibis
length in the Plumstead Marshes, to extend from
the present practice range to Erith, and notices
the
were
loeal served
law froagemnt of the B theoffice of Ur. Colquhoun,
Board of Ordnancne,,
'upon the freeholders of
the land in questio
requiring them to send in their claims for com-
pensatiun. This proposition was afterwards abandoned,
on account of the great expense which the undertaking
would involve, the land in the marshes being amongst
the richest pasture land in the kingdom, and from its
proximity to Woolwich and the metropolis always com-
manding a high price. The lowest average price would,
it was computed, be about 100 i. per acre. The attention
of the Board of Ordnance was then directed to Shoebury
Ness, the extreme point of land on the south eastern
coast of Essex, and early in the summer of the present
year, Lieutenant-Colonel J. A. Chalmer, Assistant
Director-General of Artillery, Brigade-Major Sandharn,
R.E., and Sir Thomas Hastings, lint., RN., went down
to Southend in the Lightning, and inspected the ground
around Shoebury Ness. Their report was highly recom-
mendatory of the spot as eligible for a practice range on a
more extended scale than at present held by the Go-
vernment. The Master-General and Board of Ordnance
have now determined on securing a range of at least four
miles in extent at this spot, and have ordered a survey
to be made of the ground in order to select the most eligi-
ble site for the'erection of batteries, &c. Barracks are
to be erected in a healthy spot for a company of Royal
Artillery, which will be stationed there for the purpose
of working the guns, and a range of stabling will be
erected for the required number of horses. All these
preliminary arrangements will be commenced without
delay. The expense will be but small compared with that
of a range at l'ltimstead, and will be included in the
Ordnance estimates for 1847. A more eligible site for a
practice range could not have been selected. The ground
around Shoebury Ness consists of an open down or com-
mon, overgrown with rank grass, and affording na
asylum for thousands of wild rabbits, The channel
around it is quite out of the track of vessels, only a few
barges is passing by the spot occasionally, whilst at low
water the tides ebbs off the sands to the distance of two
or three miles, leaving that space also available for
practice.

tv,o3-t'az

We understand that experiments similar to those that
tfie iliteruio_the Royal Arsenal some time since will
the Admiralty gun. -Tile owes (32 pounders)
,elative strength and capabilities of the guns.
Fifty 32-pounder guns, on Lieutenant Colonel Dun-
lea's principle, have been ordered to be cast for arming
the steam-guard ships.
The committees of officers belonging to the Royal
Artillery Institution and the Royal Artillery Library
riave met several times for the purpose of selecting a
iite for the erection of a new institute on a more exten-
sive scale than the present. Lieutenant General Sir
Thomas Downman, C.B. and 1i.C.11., commandant of
the garrison, officiated as president, and Captain Barker
as secretary. A deputation from the institution, consist-
ing of Captains Grant and Barker and Dr. Little, has
Seen appointed to confer with a deputation from the
library committee, to fix on the most eligible spot.

THE ROYAL GENERAL ANNUITY SOCIETY.—This
•harity held its annual meeting on Tuesday, at the Lon-
lon Tavern, John P. Hayward, Esq., in the chair. The
hairiness in a brief spt-ech dwelt upon the objects of the
charity. He congratulated them upon the prosperous
end increasing state of the funds since Stephen J. Aldrich,
Esq., had accepted the secretaryship, and stet. d that
among the stewards of their forthcoming festival they
sumbered no less than fifty peers and fifty members of
Parliament. Mr. A'drich then read the report, which
howl d that there were at present six male and fifteen
emale recipients, the majority of whose ages varied
from eighty to eighty-four, and even eighty-six, in the
receipt of 455. and 30s. per month. Upon the motion
of James Johnstone, jun., Esq., seconded by James
Cooper, Esq., the report was unanimously adopted
with acclamation. The directors and crier officers
having been re elected, J. H. Thompson, Esq., moved
av.to of thanks to the chairman. •
The late Sir Charles Wolseley, Bart., of Wolseley
Hall, Stafrordshire, by his will, dated the 17th of March
est, has left in trust for his only surviving son, now Sir
Charles Wolseley, Bart., who inherits the family estates,
ell the plate, pictures, prints, and furniture in the man-
sion house of Wolseley Hall, to be held as heir looms,
with the entailed estates. Also leaves in trust for him
ill his Brazilian stock in the funds of the empire of
Brazils, to enjoy the annual proceeds for his life, then in "t
trust for his grandson, William Henry Wolseley, now in
his second year, the son of the present Sir Charles, or
:o other sons ; but should none attain a vested interest,
then to his nephew, William Pertie Wolseley, and his
:-sue, in default to testator's two daughters, and their
issue. Leaves all moneys invested, or other securitiee,
rents due and in arrear, together with the proceeds that
may arise from the sale of his effects, cattle, horses, and
arriages to be held in trust, one moiety for his grand-
sons, Ernest and Francis, the youngest sons of his
laughter, the Marchioness de Lousada, the other moiety
to his daughter Caroline, the wife of Marmaduke Salvita,
Esq., of Baron Hall, Durham, and to her children. All
the residue, not made heir-looms' he leaves to his son
air Charles, absolutely. The funded and personal
estates in England was estimated for duty at 8,000/.
The deceased baronet was in his 78th year.
CHEAP BIBLE CIRCULATION.—At a meeting re-
ently held in Manchester, 1)r. Adam Thomson, of
Coldstream, gave the following interestiug particulars
egarding the cheap circulation of the Bible. He showed
hat by the strict and judicious supervision of the Go.
vernment Board in Scotland without whose license no
Bible can be printed there, the utmost correctness was
insured. As to price the reduction was almost incre-
Sible. He exhibited one copy of the Bible, which be.-
fore the abolition of the monopoly, cost four shillings,
end was now produced by the Free Bible Press Com-
pany at cightpence-halfpenny ; another embossed and
gilt, which from five shillings has been reduced to ten-
ence, &c. ; and in regard to the extended circulation, to
which this immense reduction in price had led, his state-
ments, made on the authority of a report presented by the
,cottish Board to her Majesty and both Houses of Par.
lament, were more remarkable still. In Scotland Moue,
row January 1845 to January 1846, sixteen editions of
the Bible were printed, consisting of 312,000 copies,
But what, it was asked, must be the number of Billets
printed in England now, when besides all that are sold
by booksellers to individuals, to families, to schools, and
to congregations, there were disposed of by the Bri,
fish and Foreign Bible Society alone, during the lase
year, the enormous number of 1,441,651, being probably
a million more than in any year prior to the abolition
the Bible monopoly, and the institution of the Free
Bible Press Company of Scotland. It had been calms.
lilted that the savings to the Bible society, during tbo
last year alone by the reduction on price of their ire.
mense issue, must have be, n upwards of 14,0001.
THE LABOUR OF PRISONERS.--The Journal deg
Debats observes, that the measures lately adopted by
the Pope to remedy the inconvenience occasioned to the
honest operative by the competition raised by prison
labour had not escaped the notice of the Council-General,
of the Seine, the same complaint having been raised in
Paris. During the last session of the Council-General,
the following resolution was adopted. on the motion of
M. Robinet, one of the members :—" Considering that
in consequence of hiring out the labour of prisoners,
several honourable trades exercised by operatives, with
large families, and by their wives, have ceased to furnish
them with sufficient means of subsistence, and expose
them to distress ; considering, moreover, that in conse.
quence of the improvement introduced into prison dis-
cipline the condition of many honourable individual*,
free from crime, has become, as regards material com-
forts, more unfortunate than that of certain erizrans.:,,,
and that it behoves equity, morality, and public
?order,
that such comparisons should not exist, the Council-
General expresses a wish that the Government should
deliberate on a system of prison labour which shall not
produce a competition ruinous to free labour."
PRICES or SWEEP STOCR.—The prices of ever
description of sheep stock, which wese high dusens. the spring and summer, rose unprece(tentedly in the atter
end of August and in Se test Lamt,a -were never sold so high before, if the few years when the Cheviot.
breed first began to displace the blas:k faced breed be.
excepted ; and then only the ewe side were sold at lay
ransom, being in request where-or the situations were
accounted at all fay-Jumble for breeding purposes. Draf
ewes have not sold so well since 1818 and 1819, whe, ,t
perhaps, they were a shade higher. The state of tt t°
-
wool-market, however, has frequently been better
et
it is worth noticing that so late as 1834, the agg ; at
I
prioe of the three leading sales of the sto- g
uterteP
amounted to a much higher figure than they do
In 1834, the average price of Cheviot weddeflambs, ' in
August, was 1 ls. 6d ; of wool, 375. ;and of ewes ;„
September, 21s. 6d. ; aggregate, 70s.
This year the
averages taken in the same way and at the same dine,
were—lambs, 13s. ; wool, 235. ; ewes, 218.6 d. ; aggre-
gate, 575. 6d. It must be admitted in this CO'
hni iarison
Ate were.
that much higher prices than those above st
obtained for both lambs and ewes, d a rin g
tc4roho
ri:dheuaidcas
httitf
markets of this year, by. the dealers, a ma'
be rejoiced in by the right thinking ; he
•
on the rig. ' water to wade need constderation seldom
him and the dealer having come throug
I aide this year, will enter the market in tbk .
944zn&
hotter eguite.--Dialfric‘ Cguricr., r-

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