The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-07 00:00:00

N0.17,483.] LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING

Sun 1 Time Assured
Assured.

Sum added to Sum added to
Policy In 11141 tolicyln 1848
---
.E 683 6 8
500 0 0
200 0 0
100 0 0
• .

,Sum payable
at Death.

£5OOO 13 years 10 mths
5000 11 years
5006 II years
6000 6 years
1000 6 years
6000 4 years
1100 2 years

JE767 10 0 £6470 16 8
767 10 0 6287 10 0
787 10 0 6067 10 0
787 10 0 5687 10 0
674 0 0 6675 0 0
450 0 0 6450 0 0
225 0 0 5225 0 0

The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderato scale, and
only one-half need be paid for the first five years ►here the In-
surance is for Life.
No Entrance Money or charge except the Policy Stamp.
Every information ►ill be afforded on application to the Resident
Director, No. 8, Waterloo-place, Pa London.

AR C lIITECTS', BUILDERS', and
GENERAL FIRE and LIFE INSURANCE COMPANT,
0, Lombard-street, London.
CH/dB/UN—SYDNEY SMIRKE, A..R.A.
TMISTM.

T. L. Donaldson, Esq. I J. Salvia, Esq., FAA..
Grimsdell, Esq. G. Smith, Esq., F.S.A.
The rates for both Fir. and Life Insurances are as low as can'with
safety be taken. Tkose for Life Insurance may be paid either yearly,
kalf-yearly, or quarterly; one-half the annual premiere may be left
unpaid far seven years, or one-third to the end of life. Thus large
sums nay be insured at the smallest present outlay.
Frospectases, Forms *f Proposals, &c„ may bp lid at • gte Vingg,
Lombard-street, Lobard-street, or of any of the agents.
JOHN REDDr4II, Manager.

riICOLL'S REGISTERED PALETOT.—This
most gentlemanly and useful over-wat retains its original mo-
derate price, and being adapted for the autumn and winter months,
has already been honoured with the patronage of his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, Prince George of Cambridge, Prince Edward of Same-
Weimar, hie Grace the Duke of Wellington, and the chief ornaments
of the Court, the Pulpit, and the Bar. The above can be obtained
In London only of H. J. and D. NICOLL, 114, 116, 120, Regent-
street, and 22, Cornhill.

This day is published, in one thick ♦olum• foolscap Bvo., price Ps.
cloth,
THE MORAL, SOCIAL, & PROFESSIONAL
DUTIES of ATTORNIES aid SOLICITORS.
By SAMUEL WARREN, Esq., F.R.S., Barrister-at-Law, of the
Inner Temple.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London; and
William Benning and Co., London.

! Now ready for delivery, uniform with Tallis's Imperial Histories of
England and America.
Part 1., price One Shilling,
THE HISTORY of IRELAND, from the earliest
period of the Irish Annals, to the Rebellion of 1848. By
THOMAS WRIGHT, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., &c., &c., Corresponding
Member of the National Institute of France ; Honorary Member of
the Royal Society of Literature, &c. ; author of " England under
the House of Hanover," " The Biographia Britannica Literaria,"
" Essays Illustrative of the Literature, History, and Superstition of
England in the Middle Ages," and other works illustrative of Eng-
lish History. Each Part embellished with a beautiful Steel Engrav-
IN*, chiefly from Original Drawings. By H. WARREN, Esq., Pre-
sident of the New Wator Colour Society.
London : J. and F. Tallis, 100, St. Joha-street ; and all Booksellers.

In I vols. Bvo., price 111 s. 6d. in cloth,
ANARRATIVE of the Treatment experienced
by a Gentleman, during a State of Meital Derangement; de-
signed to explain the Causes and Nature of Insanityt eisul to expose
the injudicious conduct pursued towards many uaforiertate sufferers
under that calamity.

I y JOHN PERCEVAL, Esq.
TO CLERGYMEN, MAGISTRATES, AND M.P.I.
Just published, price 21. 6d.,
LETTERS to the Right Honourable Sir
JAMES GRAHAM, ISart., and to other Noblemen and Gen-
tlemen, upon the REFORM of tho LAW affecting the Treatment of
Persons alleged to be of Unsound Bind.

By JOHN. PERCEVAL, Esq.
Effingham Wilson, B•okseller and Publisher, 11, Royal Exchange

A a x 1 A
:11 One half the world are desolately single, and the other
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
titter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
of caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret an-
coatproshig harry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
and broken health, are the great hindrances to deafest!e happiness
and social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and justice demist that health should ferns as item
in the cenipact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes or
neglect weand more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
these surmises concern yea, procure Dr. CULVERWLL'S little
MEMOIRS Oa Single and Married Life," pub. in 2 vols., Is.
sack (by post, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no imagiaatively
refixed, er prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
oy misinterpretation of their supposed contents, from obtaining
them. They are net intended certainly for mere idle cariosity, but
'er the closet perusal of those mere deeply interested, to whoa
they are ofered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
together, are a disgrace t• the age. Furthermore, two other
tittle publications claim your attention (same price is. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
ago, “IL• ewes Ida plcsc*L ciabLeuee, uezuw, anQ POSILIua L. tlalu yr.-
seryanes of the ma=ims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done sme--to Ilya after natare'a laws—and to keep always
3n the "sunny side of the way." Tke above works may be bat; et
Sherwood, 33, Paternoster-row ; Carvaiho, 141, Fleet-street ; Mann,
39, Cornhill ; Nalson, 07, West Stilted ; er direct (by post er other-
wise) front the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings and evenings), 10, Argyll-plaeo Regent-street; wad all
Booksellers.

have to put in force, whenever it may appear to be
required, those provisions of the Act that relate to
nuisances.
Great benefit having been derived from the cleans-
ings that were resorted to on the former visitation of
cholera, and experience having shown that preven-
tive measures against cholera are also preventive
against typhus and other epidemic and endemic
diseases, the boards of guardians should carry into im-
mediate effect all practical measures of external and
internal cleansing of dwellings in the ill-conditioned
districts.
The chief predisposing causes of every epidemic,
and especially of cholera, are damp moisture, filth,
animal and vegetable matters in a state of decompo-
sition, and in general whatever produces atmospheric
impurity : all of which have the effect of lowering the
health and vigour of the system, and of increasing the
susceptibility to disease, particularly among the young,
the aged, and the feeble.
The attacks of cholera are uniformly found to be
most frequent and virulent in low lying districts, on
the banks of rivers, in the neighbourhood of sewer
mouths, and wherever there are large collections of
refuse,-particularly amidst human dwellings. In a
recent proclamation, issued for the protection of the
population of the Russian empire, the important in-
fluence of these and similar causes has been recog-
nised, and the practical recommendations founded
thereon are to keep the person and the dwelling
place clean, to allow of no sinks close to the house,
to admit of no poultry or animals within the house,
to keep every apartment as airy as possible by venti-
lation, and to prevent crowding wherever there are
sick.

Householders of all classes should be warned that
their first means of safety lies in the removal of dung
heaps and solid and liquid filth of every description
from beneath or about their houses and premises.
Though persons long familiarised to the presence of
such refuse may not perceive its offensiveness, nor
believe in its noxious properties, yet all who desire to
secure themselves from danger should labour. Ser the
entire removal of filth and the thorough cleansing of
their premises; which also the law will require of
each person for the protection of his neighbours, as
well as for his own safety.
Next to the perfect cleansing of the premises, dry-
ness ought to be carefully promoted, which will of
course require the keeping up of sufficient fires, par-
ticularly in the damp and unhealthy districts, where
this means should be resorted to for the sake of venti-
lation as well as of warmth and dryness.
From information recently obtained from Russia,
it appears that, in some barracks and other places in
which large numbers of people are congregated,
where these conditions have been attended to in a
manner that may be equally practised in private
houses, there has been a comparative immunity from
the prevailing eipdetnic, exactly as in this country,
where in public institutions, though as yet by no
means perfect in the means of ventilation, there has
been an almost entire exemption from epidemics
which have ravaged private houses in the very same
districts.
But while a certain amount of cleansing can be
effected by every householder, each in his own pre-
mises, the means of thoroughly purifying the densely
populated districts are beyond the power of private
individuals.

Accordingly, by the recent Act 11th and 12th Vic-
c. 123, sec. 1, in cases of inability, insufficiency,
or -iioglect, the law has charged the cleansing opera-
tions upon certain public bodies, namely, " the town
councils, or any trustees or commissioners for the
drainage, paving, lighting, or cleansing, or managing
or directing the police, or any other body of a like
nature, or any commissioners of sewers, or guardians
of the poor."
By this Act it is provided that upon notice in writ-
ing, signed by two or more inhabitant hoUseholders,
that any dwelling-house or building is in-131 filthy and
unwholesome condition, or that there are upon such
premises any foul and offensive cesspool, drain,
gutter, or ditch, or any accumulations of filth, or that

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE I GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
COMPANT.-8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London; 97 FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHOLERA.
George-street, Edinburgh; 12, St. Vincent-place, Glasgow; 4, Col-
lege-green, Dublin.
SECOND SEPTENNIAL DIVISION OF PROFITS.
This Company, established by Act of Parliament in 1834, affords
tko most perfect security in a large paid-up Capital, and in the great
success which has attended it since its commencement—irs ANNUAL
INCOMI BEING IirPRIADS OF 94,0001.
In 1841 tho Company added a bonus of 21. per cent. per annum on
the sum insured to all Policies of the participating class from the
lime they were effected, to the 31st of December, 1840, and from
that date to 41st December, 1447, 11/. per cent. per annum was
added at the General Meeting on 6th July, 1848.
The bonus thus added to policies from March, 1834, to the 31st •.
December, 1447, is as follows:

(From the Gazette of last night.)
NOTIFICATION IN RESPECT TO THE NUISANCES RE-
MOVAL AND DISEASES PREVENTION ACT.
General Board of Heal th,••G Vrydyr House,
October 5, 1848:
The General Board of Health having considered
the official accounts which have been received of the
course of Asiatic cholera, since the presentation of
the reports of the Metropolitan Sanitary Commis-
sioners, and having consulted medical practitioners of
eminence and of special knowledge of the subject,
and having compared the tenor of those recent ac-
counts with the observations made respecting the
former mode of the propagation of Asiatic cholera in
Europe, have now to represent,
That the experience obtained of this disease, dur-
ing its former invasions of this country, in the years
1831 and 1832, and the still larger experience ac-
quired during its recent progress through Persia,
Egypt, Syria, Russia, Poland, and Prussia, appears
to afford ground for the correction of some views for-
merly 'entertained concerning it, which have an im-
portant bearing on the measure, both of prevention
and alleviation, that are expedient to be adopted.
The extent, uniform terror, and undoubted autho-
rity of the evidence obtained from observers, of all
classes, in different countries and climates, and
amidst all varietes of the physical, political, and
social conditions of the people, appear to discredit
the once prevalent opinion that cholera is, in itself,
contagious; an opinion which, if fallacious, must be
mischievous, since it diverts attention from the true
source of danger, and the real means of protection,
and fixes it on those which are imaginary; creates
panic; leads to the neglect and abandonment of the
sick; occasions great expense for twhat is worse than
useless; and withdraws attention from that brief but
important interval between the commencement and
the development of the disease, during which reme-
dial measures are most effective in its cure.
Although it is so far true, that certain conditions
may favour its spread from person to person, as when
great numbers of sick are crowded together in close
unventilated apartments, yet this is not to be. con-
sidered as affecting the general principle of its non-
contagious nature ; nor are such conditions likely to oc-
cur in this country; moreover, the preventive measures
founded on the theory of contagion, namely, internal
quarantine regulations, sanitary cordons, and the iso-
lation of the sick, on which formerly the strongest
reliance was placed, have been recently abandoned
in all countries where cholera has appeared, from the
general experience of their inefficiency.
The evidence also proves, that cholera almost al-
ways affords, by premonitory symptoms, warning of
its approach, in time for the employment of means
capable of arresting its progress. If indeed in cer-
tain situations, as where there is an unusual concen-
tration of the poison, or in certain individuals, who
are peculiarly predisposed to the disease, the attack
may sometimes appear to be instantaneous, still the
general conclusions that_cholera is not in itself con-
tagious, and that it commonly gives distinct warning
of its approach, are two great facts well calculated to
divest this disease of its chief terrors, and to show the
paramount importance of the means of prevention, so
much more certain than those of cure. •
The proved identity of the causes which promote
the origin and spread of epidemic diseases in general,
with those that favour the introduction and spread of
Asiatic cholera, appear to indicate the true measures
of precaution and prevention against a pestilence,
which, after an absence of sixteen years, and at a sea-
son when other formidable epidemic diseases are un-
usually prevalent and deadly, menaces a third visita-
tion ; and the General Board of Health would appeal
to all classes for their cordial co-operation in carrying
into effect the measures which careful consideration
has led them to recommend, in the full conviction that
the powers given by the Legislature for this purpose,
though they may not be ,fully adequate, and though
the time to use them may be short, cannot fail, with
such co-operation, to be attended with highly beneficial
results.
With a view of carrying into operation all avail-
able means of precaution against the impending
danger, the Generarßoard of Health recommends
that the guardians of the poor in England and Wales,
and the parochial boards for the management of .the
poor in Scotland,,afid'their officers, should hold them-
selves in readiness Ole such directions as the
D00.,1 or out, fi6 6o ipJUC from
time to time, under the provisions of the Act of the
11th and 12th of Victoria, a. 123, entitled " An Act
to renew and amend an Act of the 10th year of her
present Majesty, for the more speedy removal: of
certain nuisances and the prevention of contagious
and epidemic diseases." -
The guardians of the poofincl the parochial board's
will probably be required, either by themselves indi-
vidually, or by persons employed or to be specially
appointed by them for the purpose, to make examina-
tions from house to house of their several districts,
and report to their boards upon the state of each
locality as far as regards the prevalent sickness, and
the removable causes upon which it may appear to
depend. These visitations from house to house will
be especially required in the dangerous districts ; and
it is to be kept in view that every district or place is
dangerous in which typhus and other epidemic dis-
eases have regularly occurred.
The board of guardians and parochial boards wi7

swine are so kept as to be a nuisance or injurious to
health, the authorities shall examine or cause the pre-
mises. to becitarnined ; and if upon examination, or
upon a medial certificate of two legally qualified
practitioners, it appears that the nuisance exists, the
public authorities shall make complaint before two
justices, who are required to snake order for the re-
moval of such nuisance. The amended provisions
contained in this Act should be early considered, pro-
mulgated, and enforced, especially these for the proper
cleansing of open and foul ditches, 41ear habitations,
by the labourers under the direction of surveyors or
trustees of highways.
The union medical officers, whose duties take them
to the relief of the destitute sick, are necessarily fa-
miliar with the places in which disease is most preva-
lent and fatal, and these are invariably found to be.
the dirtiest localities, where, consequently, the cleans•
ing operations are most required : and the Nuisances
Removal Act imposes upon the guardians the duty of
directing and enforcing the proper performance of
these operations.
In several districts the police, in going their usual
rounds, have been employed with great advantage in
reporting daily as to the houses, courts, alleys, pas-
sages, and streets within their district most in need
of cleansing; as to the carelessness or neglect of the
scavengers in the performance of their duties, and as
to the existence of nuisances of various kinds. The
boards of guardians, or special committees formed out
of their body, are therefore recommended to asso-
ciate themselves with special committees of town
councils, who, by their watch committees, have the
control of the police, and to engage for these purposes
the valuable services of the force.
Highly important services have been rendered by
the parochial clergy and other -misters of religion,
in association with lay committees, for the purpose of
maintaining a system of house to house visitation in
the more depressed districts, and, wherever it is prac-
ticable, the boards of guardians are recommended to
associate with a special committee of their own
number (who for the time may be exempted from
ordinary duties) the clergy of the respective parishes
and the ministers of other religious denominations,
and to call upon the medical and other union officers
to give their aid to this committee.
It is conceived that such parochial special com-
mittee would, among other useful purposes, be pecu-
liarly serviceable in communicating information to
the poorer classes as to the particular means of pre-
vention within their reach, and as to the urgent
necessity, at this season, of personal and household
cleanliness, of cognation, and of a careful and tem-
perate mode of living.
By the Contagious Diseases Prevention Act, the
General Board of Health is required to :frame rules
and regulations to assist and direct the guardians of
the poor and other local authorities in the performance
of the special duties imposed upon them whenever the
country is visited or threatened by any formidable
epidemic or contagious disease ; and accordingly
the Board has lost no time in putting itself in
communication with the Poor-19.w Commissioners,
with the view of taking all practical precautions
against the scourge which is so steadily approaching
our shores ; and the Board is now engaged in prepar-
ing regulations for the more public and general mea-
sures of precaution and alleviation, which will be
issued and put in execution in the several districts as
soon as their particular condition shall have been
ascertained.
In the meantime, if notwithstanding every precau-
tionary measure which can be taken, this disease
should unhappily break out in any district, then it
will be essential to the safety of the inhabitants that
they should be fully impressed with the importance
of paying instant attention to the premonitory symp-
tom that announces the commencement of the attack.
This premonitory symptom is looseness of the
bowels, which there is reason to regard as universally
preceding the setting in of the more dangerous stage
of the disease. Sometimes, indeed, under the cir-
cumstances already described, namely, where the
poison exists in unusual intensity, or the constitutional
predisposition is unusually great, the first stage may
appear to be suppressed, as occasionally happens in
violent attacks or other diseases ; but in cholera this
event is so rare as to be practically of no account;
and in all countries, and under all varieties of con-
ditions in which this disease has been epidemic, the
experience as to this point uniformly agrees with what
is observed at the present moment at Hamburgh.
" In most cases," writes the British clonsnl ~.
speetaug the epidemic whim ha., just. broken out in
that city, " the disease has first manifested itself in a
slight relaxation of the' bowels, which, if promptly
attended to, the patient generally recovers; but if the
symptoms are neglected, spastubdic attacks ensue,
and death follows mostly in from four to six hours."
wiTthh
someis Loosenessdegree of
o fthpe bowels
ainwhi may be
ch,however,is accompaniedgene!
rally slight ; but in many cases pain is wholly ab-
sent; and for some hours, and even days, this bowel
complaint may be so slight as to appear trifling; so
that, without a previous knowledge of the importance
of the warning, it might easily escape notice alto-
gether.

It must be repeat
VI however, that whenever
Asiatic cholera is e
looseness of the bowels ought the slightest degree of
ought to be regarded and
commencement treated as the
of being
of the disease, which at
this stage is capablebeing arrested by simple
means, but, if neglected only for a few hours, may
form,
It assume a fatal
It will be indispensatbhleo,rtmherefore, on the first out-
break of cholera, that local authorities should im-
mediately make arrangements for daily house to
house inspections of the
districts; this poorer localities in their re-
spectivebeing
the only practical means
by which, in the most
among the most susceptibl dangerous situations, and
the premonitory sympto e subjects, the existence of
to administer the properm can be ascertained in time
remedies, so as to arrest the
progress of the disorder.
Heads of families, masters of schools and work-
houses, proprietors f large establishments and works,
such as factories,
banes' warehouses, wharfs, and
docks, should either be
agenttheir own inspectors, or em-
ploy some trustworthy
to examine daily every
person in their employment,
proper remedy, if the an. d to give at once the
premonitory symptom should
be present.
visiting committee should be
Each member of the
provided with proper remedres, prepared in appro-
priate doses for administration
. on the spot, in every
instance in which the premonitory symptom is found
to exist ; and should report every person so treated as
requiring the instant attention ofr: the medical officer.
Dispensaries for bowel complaints should be estab-
lished at convenient stations, at which the neighbour-
ing inhabitants may apply for the proper remedies
and advice the moment they • - attacked by the pre-
monitory symptom,
are
Experience having shown that the establishment
of cholera hospitals was not successful; the best pro-
vision practicable must be made for affording assist-
ance to the individuals who may need it at their own
houses ; and one of the best modes of effecting this
object will probably be the selection of proper persons
who may be instructed as nurses in the special ser•
vices required on this occasion, and paid for devoting
their whole time to attendance on the sick at their
own habitations, under the direction of the medical
officers.
It will also be necessary to engage a
sufficient
number of medical officers at suitable remuneration,
some to devote their whole time by day and night to
the service of the dispensaries, and others to attend
the sick at their own dwellings.
As, however, cases may
occur of extreme destitu-
tion in neighbourhoods and houses wholly
unfit for
the curative treatment of the sick, provision should be
made for the reception of such cases, either in
the
common hospitals, in the union houses, or in seperate
apartments specially prepared for the purpose, and
properly warmed and ventilated.
Medical authorities have agreed that the remedies
proper for the premonitory symptom are the same as
those found efficacious in common diarrhoea ; that the
most simple remedies vtill suffice, if given on the
first manifestation of this symptom; and that the fol-
lowing, which are within the reach and management
of every one, may be regarded as among the most
useful, namely, twenty grains of opiate confection,
mixed with two table spoonsful of peppermint water,
or with a little weak brandy and water, and repeated
every three or four hours, or oftener, if the attack is
severe, until the looseness of the bowels is stopped
;n
or an ounce of the compound chalk mixture, with ten
or fifteen grains of the aromatic confection, and from
otfht tincture
ncstaume'
re
five to ten drops of laudanum, repeated in
manner. From half a drachm to a drachm
if the attack is
of catechu may be added to this list,