The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-10 00:00:00

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY MORNING.
The accounts from the South this morning state that
tranquillity continues to prevail.
Saunders's News Letter contains the following :

" THURLES, To ESDAY EVESIWG.—AII remains quiet here.
and a very large addition has been made to the camp. Up-
wards of 2,C0) soldiers are under canvas.

" It appears that, on three several occasions since his affair
with the police at Ba!lingarry, Smith O'Brien slept in Thurles
at various intervals, and one man who saw him after his arrest
recognised him as a person who some days previously had
met him on the road and inquired if a stranger would be re-
marked if he went to look at the encampment.
" Although Borrisoleigh is only seven miles from Thurles,
the peasantry who met there on Monday at a fair could
scarcely believe is the news of O'Brien's arrest. Several
zealous clubs were formed there, one of which consisted of
young men who wore their flowing locks in a peculiar
manner to imitate the French republicans; but in the last
two days the tonsorial abilities of the rural operator of
Borrisoleigh have been called into requisition. and several
uf the more prominent members of the clubs have also dis-
appeared."
"CLosatEr., TUESDAY EVENING.—This town aril neigh-
bourhood are beginning to resume their wonted appearance,
and every one is getting tired of talking of and preparing for
the rebellion. The mountaineers of Slievenamon and Glen-
patri.l seem to have relinquished their signal fires, and ad-
mit, without hesitation, that the work was spoiled.
" Lord Hardinge arrived here this day.
" Dillon, Dolienv, Meagher, and O'Gorman are said to be
at the Keeper or Kepper Mountains, between Thurles and
Killaloe, with some thousands of the peasantry, so that the
seat of war, if anywhere, has been removed from us.
" The unfortunate potato seems to be in a bad way. The
disease is spreading daily, and assuming a more virulent
aspect."
file Freeman's Journal contains the following:—
" HIGHLY IMPORTANT FROM THE SOUTH.—We have re-
ceived the following important communication from a cor-
respondent in whom we have perfect faith :
" Thurles, Tuesday, Seven o'clock r.xmt.
" ' I have just learned, through" a source on which I can
implicitly rely, that a communication has been made to the
Irish Government, through the mediation of an influential
Catholic clergyman, from the parties who, next, after William
Smith O'Brien, were considered the most important against
whom warrants have been issued. The communication, I
understand, is to the effect, that these gentlemen undertake
to surrender themselves to the Government upon receiving
the assurance that: none of the proceedings instituted against
any of the state prisoners shall extend to taking of life. It
appears that this communication was induced on the: par-
ties hearing of the arrest of Smith O'Brien, on Saturday
evening." * 9 *
It is stated that one of the chief witnesses for the Crown,
at the trials of Mr. Smith O'Brien and the other parties im-
plicated in the insurrection and conspiracy, will be Mr. P. J.
Barry, who had been secretary of -,the first Young Ireland
Association, and who remained all along a prominent mem-
ber of the Confederacy.
The Limerick Reporter of Tuesday contains the fol-
lowing :
" Tne police, from the concentration of head-quarters at
this city, have returned to their stations at Ballinacurra and
Boherbuoy. _ .

" At twelve o'clock to-day, Colonel Trevor, the adjutant,
and doctor, with six companies, twelve officers,and baggage,
of the 59th Regiment, arrived in this city from Nenagh,
where they had been encamped. They halt here, and ex-
pect orders to leave to-morrow.
" Some interest and excitement was created by the ar-
rival and countermand of troops by the Waterford and Lime-
rick Railway in this city. The following are particulars :
On Sunday evening and early on Monday morning the
troops which had been encamped in the county Tipperary,
consisting of 570 men and 27 officers of the 85th Regiment,
and 90 men and 10 officers of the 60th Rifles, with
General 51‘Donald and staff, and some baggage, arrived
here, and by some mysterious order, supposed to he caused
by the trials of Messrs. Duffy and Martin, &c., in Dublin
to-day, the 86th, with the General and staff, left for that
city at twelve o'clock yesterday. by railway. The Rifles, on
their arrival marched to Adair, but returned yesterday,
and left by the six o'clock train this morning far Dublin.
The officers and men appeared to be much harrassed and
fatigued. As the 85th were returning. one of the privates
fill at the station, between the platform sod an engine,
which suddenly started, and bruised him terribly. He
was immediately carried to the hospital of the Artillery bar-
racks, and little hopes are entertained of his recovery.
We should add that the whole were fitted out with camp
requisites."

THE STATE TRIALS.
True bills, it was stated, have been found against John
Martin, of the Irish Felon. The announcement, it is said,
was made to the proper officer after the Court had ad-

journed. - -
Accounts have been received from the military authorities
in Tipperary, that Messrs. Meagher, Dolieu, and Dillon
—are reduced to a desperate condition, and are endeavour-
ing to secrete themselves amongst the peasantry in the
mountains adjacent to Dundrum, the residence of Lord

Hawarden.
It is still asserted very positively that Mr. Richard O'Gor-
man headed the insurgent peasants who attacked the mail
coaches at Abbeyfeale, and carried off the mail bags.
The weather is again most unfavourable to the crops—
constant raia with a low temperature. The potato blight
is making progress, and in Clare and other counties it is most
destructive. The prospects of the harvest is becoming very

gloomy.
There are now in Kingstown harbour no less than Fix war
steamers of various sizes—the Stromboli, carrying Admiral
Sir C. Napier's flag (white at the mizen), the Amphion, the
Dragon, the Cyclops, the Birkenhead, and the Driver.
THE ARREST OF O'BRIEN.
This day Hutale, the guard of the Limerick and Thurles
train, received 5001., the Government reward offered for the

arrest of Mr. W. S. O'Brien. lie has resigned his situation
on the Great Southern and Western Railway, and is about to

leave for England, his native country.
STATE TRIALS—TRUE BILLS AGAINST C. G.

DUFFY.
DU3LIN COMMISSION COURT, Auci. 8.
The Commission was opened to-day by the Right Hon.
Chief Baron Pigot, and the Hon. Baron Perinefather. The
streets in the vicinity of the court were occupied by strong
bodies of policemen, but there was a total absence of excite-
ment both within and without the court. The Crown Coun-
sel in attendance on ordinary occasions, Messrs. Plunkett,
Q.C., Baldwin, Q.C., and Smyly, were present, but the At-
torney-General was not in attendance. The Crown So-
licitor, Mr. Kemmis, however, was in his place, and held in
his hand a large roll of parchment, containing the indict-
ment against Mr. Duffy. It was sent up to the city grand

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Mr. Butt, Q.C., and Sir Colman O'Loghlen appeared for
Mr. Duffy.
The grand juries having been sworn,
The CHIEF BARON, in addressing the city grand jury,
said—Gentlemen, if I had to call your attention only to the
class of offences appearing upon the calendar at the ordi-
nary sittings of the court, I should have to occupy but
very little of your time; but I find by the calendar that
you are likely to be called upon to consider charges fin
offences which, I am happy to think, are but rarely pre-
sented to the tribunals of this country, and of such a cha-
racter
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of high treason. For the protection of the accused, the same
Act of Parliament enacted that, in order to establish the
guilt of designing the death of the Monarch, or of levying
war against him, it was necessary to prove-that guilt by
some act or deed of the party charged with its commission.
So, gentlemen, the law stood until the 36th of Geo. 111. ;
and by an Act of Parliament passed in that year it was
enacted that if any person or persons whatever, within the
realm or without, shall compass, imagine, devise, or intend
the death or destruction, or any bodily harm; tending to the
death or destruction of the King, or the constraint of his
person, &c., such person shall be guilty of high treason.
By that Act the compassing to levy war, or force the
Monarch by restraint to change his measures, becomes an
act of high treason. The same Act requires that the in-
tention on which the Act of Parliament fastens the guilt
shall be testified by some open act or deed, or by
the publication of some printed or written document.
Another Act of Parliament (the 57th George III.) was
subsequently passed with reference to this subject; and in
the month of April last, the Legislature, taking into consi-
deration the entire state of.the law, passed the Act to which
I am about to call your attention, and in reference to which
particularly your duties upon the charges I have already al-
luded to are to arise. Ido not think it necessary to direct
your attention particularly to anything else in this Act of
Parliament, save those portions of its provisions by which a
guilty intention shall be shown, by publishing any printing
or writing, or by any overt act or deed. As far as I can
judge, you will be called upon to consider the nature and
importance of certain publications, which are alleged to be
published and printed by or under the authority or direc-
tion, or with the privity of some of the parties accused.
Possibly—but of this I know nothing—you may be called
upon to consider some other open acts or deeds confirmatory
of the charge by which the guilty intention is sought to be
fastened upon the party. Should any such publication be
presented for your consideration, you are bound, of course,
to look with careful scrutiny into every part of it, and upon
the whole to consider whether there is any indication of the
intention with which the accused is charged. If you should
not think the publication bears the character imputed to it
by the Crown, it will be, of course, your duty to ignore the
bill— as, under the circumstances, it would be the duty of a
petty jury to acquit the accused; but if you think it does
bear the character imputed to it, you will of course be
bound, in the conscientious and firm discharge of your
duty, to find the bills of indictment, and send the case
for trial before a jury. If, for instance, it should appear to
your satisfaction that, by any publication or overt act, it
is clearly manifested that the party intended to deprive
tier Majesty of the imperial crown, by establishing an-
other Government instead of the Government of the
Queen ; for instance, by establishing what is called a
Provisional Government, the existence of which must,
of necessity, supersede her authority; or by establishing
a different form of government, the existence of which,
by the destruction of the monarchy, must ne-
cessarily cause the deposition of the Queen from
the imperial crown of this United Kingdom ; and if you are
satisfied that such is the object of any publication presented
before you, you, of course, will have no doubt that it con-
stitutes a crime within the terms of this Act. With re-
spect to the charge of levying war against the Sovereign,
I cannot better announce to you what the law is, than by
referring you to the opinion on the subject of Lord Ten-
terden, formerly Lord Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench
in England. From that opinion it would appear that
it was not necessary, in order to constitute the
offence of levying war, that parties should be drilled, or
that a military force should be drawn up in battle array
with all the circumstance and pomp of war. It is through
small beginnings, with a force only partially organized at
first, but strengthened by degrees by the combination of
forces, and possibly by successes, that rebellion can at-
tain the height by which it may cast nations into convul-
sion
to
; and therefore it is .the object of the law
prevent such acts by denouncing punishment against those