The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-13 00:00:00

sTy t 4. DECEMBER .13, 1848.

free state. But whether the fears of a collision be well
founded or not, it is at all events pleasing to see the
leading journals of the three great parties rivalling each
other in exhortations to the citizens of Paris to avoid
the slightest violation of the law or public order, and to
submit to whatever decision may be pronounced by the
electors in the exercise of universal suffrage.
The group.a that .crowded the Place Vendome the
wholeof yesterday slisperscd,at rather an early hour. At
half-past eleven or twelve at night scarce a human being
was seen there; and the foot-fall of the solitary sentinel
of the' Column was stone heard in the silence of the hour.
—Mites. • •

THE .UNITED STATES
AND MEXICO.

ARRIVAL •OF •THE ACADIA.

[A•summary of following appeared in our
Third Edition of last night.]:—

LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY.

The royal•mail steamer Acadia, Captain Douglas,
arrived this Morning with the usual mails from the
United States and :Canada, and eleven passengers.
She left Boston on the 29th ult., and Hilifax on the
Ist of December.

Her news is entirely unimportant. Business was
good. • The• political excitement had entirely sub-
sided. 1

In' the United States tiler.° is A buoyant and hope-

- .
ful feeling. The country is prosperous, and all not
only acquiesced willingly in the election of the
new President (General Taylor), who is to take
his seat on the 4th of March next, but for the mest
part -rejoiced .in it as a guarantee of a peaceful,
vigorous, and economical administration. In Mexico
the Government of Herrera progresses feebly.
The Cambria reached New York on the 25th ult.,
but her news did not produce any marked effect
upon either the stock or produce markets.
The New Orleans Picayune publishes accounts from
Mexico of the 4th of November. The Republic ap-
pears to be in a restless, almost feverish state,
although we have no more political outbreaks to re-
cord.. Apprehensions of the return of Santa Anna,
or wishes for that event, may account for the air of
mystery in which everything is enveloped. Some
of the ayuntamientos of the cities have petitioned
Congress that he be by law for ever banished the
country. The Mexican Congress adjourned on the
2d instant.

Accounts from Venezuela state that the forces of
General Paez had been repulsed in an attack upon
Altagracia. The squadron of Monagas passed
Curacoa on the 10th ultimo; on its way to relieve
Maracaibo.

A letter from Bogata, dated Sept. 17, says :
" Flores has entered Guyaqtil, and on his entrance
found 500 men, at hi,; disposal. It is asserted that the
capitals. of Cuenca and Imbera have pronounced in his
favour. An attempt was made. to assassinate President
Mosquera, but he miraculously escaped. The capital
was generally surprised at the attempt. It is said that
the perpetrator belcngs to the party of Obando. This
province and those of Carthagena are menaced by insur-
rectionary movements."

The "-gold fever" of California does not seem to
be a delusion, as stated; for, by the arrival of a vessel
at Mazatlan, from St: Francisco, the most extraor-
dinary accounts continue 'to be received from the
" gold region," Upper California. Previous reports
are confirmed- and • repeated, that from 60,000 to
103,000 dollars daily are extracted. It is said to be
about 23 carats fine. The vessel before-mentioned
brought to Mazatlan 751b5., and sold it at 14 dollars
15 cents. the ounce.

The papers announce the death of Jonathan Good-
hue, Esq., an eminent merchant of New York, the
owner of the old or Black Ball line of packet ships
between this port and New York, and also the chief
owner of the steamer United States.

The proceedings in a suit for divorce by Mr.
Butler, against Fanny Kemble Butler, commenced in
the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia, on the
27th. The chief allegation made by the husband is
that his wife had absented herself from his house and
home without lawful cause, for the space of two years,
which, it npePars, is, artenrrling to the laws of the
State, a sufficient cause to sue for a divorce, unless
justification can be shown .for such absence, which is
pleaded in the present case; as is also an allegation of
insult and ill-treatment by the husband.
Respecting the theatrical.squabble between Ma-
cready and Forrest, at Philadelphia, noticed on the
last arrival, the New York Morning Herald says :
" On the whole, Forest has lowered himself in public
estimation very materially by the course which he
has pursued in this quarrel, while the prudence and
discretion of Macready have raised him as much as
the other has been depressed ; and this, we believe, is
the judgment of the public."
It is stated that the weather continued fine, and the
navigation of the canals and rivers are still unimpeded.
An effort is about to be made to grow tea in the
states of Georgia and Alabama.
A gold mine is said to have been discovered close
to the sea coast, .at Salt Key, or Creag, belonging to
Captain Shepherd, Governor of San Juan.
lIAYTI.—The President of this unsettled country
has issued a proclamation informing the people of
Hayti that it is his intention to send an army against
the Spanish part of the island, for the purpose of
subjecting it to his rule, and on the 13th ult. an ex-
pedition was fitting out to proceed at once to the
southward.

The United States Stock had been rising rapidly
previous to the arrival of the Cambria, and reached
on that day 8 per cent. premium. It has faltered a
little since, and receded perhaps 11, but still the stock
is firm, and is by no means pressed upon the market.
Treasury Notes have receded nearly f per cent. since
Friday, when they sold for 1051, and to day they
were done at 1041.
The abundance of money in England, and the
lowering of the rate of discount by the Bank of En•
gland to 3 per cent. per annum has reached New
York, where, too, money is easy.
In exchange upon Europe business is not active
by this packet. We quote bills on London at 8f to
9, and on Paris at 5.25 to 5.22 k, and for short sight
bills 5.16.

COTTON MAILKET.—The tendency of prices to
favour the seller have been as uninterruptedly uniform
since the 14th instant as they were the preceding
fortnight to favour the buyer. The sales to-day are
reported at 500 bales. Prices are not quite so stiff,
although no actual decline has been announced.

Flour—Heavy receipts have had a tendency to
depress the flour market, and in the absence of de-
mand for export, prices have a downward tendency.
Provisions sales limited.
Naval stores steady with limited sale.
Freights are dull, the canals are still open.
NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 25.—The cotton market
continues firm—sales of 2,000 bales. Sales of the
week reached 22,000 bales. We quote fair Gc.; flour
remains steady at 4 dolls. 75c. ; the sales are 3,000
barrels ; corn is dull and prices less firm ; sales of
15,000 bushels at 48c. for mixed, and 53c. fur yellow;
mess pork hits advanced, and now commands 10 dolls.
50c. Of lard there were sales of 120 kegs at 6ic,
Sales of 313 barrels at 20c. In freights and sterling
exchange we have no change to notice.

THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH IN

AMERICA.

Having on several occasions alluded to the great ex-
tent and efficiency of the electric telegraph in America,
we take this opportunity of giving a statement of the
length of the lines in operation or progress, according
to the latest enumeration:— Miles.

From Boston to New York there is a line of ... 240

From Ne;TY();kiOWashington ••• ... 240
From Washington to New Orleans ... 1,716
From New York to Buffalo ... 509
From Buffalo to various towns in Ohio, Michigan,
and Wisconsin' ..• ••• ... 812
From Troy to Montreal ... ••• 278
From Worcester to Now Bedford ... ... 97
From Worcester to New London ... 74
From Boston to Newbury Port ... ••• ... 34
From Boston to Portland ... ... 110
From Binghampton to Ithaca ... ••• ... 48
From Auburn to Elmira ... 75
From Syracuse to Oswego ...........33•
From Buffalo to Queenstown, thence to Montreal 95
From Philadelphia to Pittsburg ... ••• ... 309
From Pittsburg to Cincinnati ... '•• ... 310
From Cincinnati to St. Louis ... ... 410

----m
From Maysville to Cincinnati ••• ••• ... 60
From Columbia to Meruphia ... 205
From Philadelphia to Reading ••• ... 98
From Wilmington to Trenton ••• ... 50
From Baltimore to Harrisburg ... 72
From York to Lancaster ••• ••• ••• 22
From Harrisburg to Reading ...
... 51
From Columbus to Chillicothe ...
From New York on Long Island ... '9;
Altogether there are 6,679 miles of electric telegraph
lines now in operation in the country, and several hun-
dred miles more in the Western States will be complaed
in a few months!

BRITISII ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
SCIENCE.—At a meeting of the local committee, held in
Birmingham yesterday, Samuel. Thornton, Esq., in the
chair, it was resolved to invite the Right lion. Lord
Wrens,*ley to become chairman of the local council.

THE RECLAMATION OF WASTE
LAND IN IRELAND.
LETTER

TO THE RIGHT [ION. LORD JOHN RUSSELL, M.P.

My Lord,—lf your Lordship was asked to name
the measure of last session from which most benefit
was expected, and which report ascribed to the saga-
city of the Lord-Lieutenant, assuredly your answer
would be, that Act of Parliament which permitted
the sale of estates in. Ireland by landlords who were
either unable or unwilling to improve them.
Its open and avowed object was, that purchases
should be made by those who had the means to em-
ploy the people in improving the property : a more
beneficial object, or one better calculated to meet the
pressing emergency, it would be difficult to conceive.
But it occurred to me, who, having for many years
been occupied with the reclamation of waste land, was
well acquainted with the subject in all its bearings,
that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to find
capitalists willing to enter into such a speculation in
those unions where the poor-rate was of largea,i::_unt,
unless a clause was inserted enacting the principle I
proposed.

It was evident these were the very unions in which
the operations of the Act would be most beneficial ;
in other places it might be advantageous to a land-
lord to enable him to sell his property; but in those
unions where the poor-rate was excessive, the opera-
tions of the Act would have benefited the people by
giving them employment, and the State, by prevent-
ing the further demoralization of the people.
My object was to prevent that most beneficial Act
becoming a dead letter in those very unions where all
its operations would have been most useful; the pro-
posal was this :—That the present valuation of the
land on which the poor-rate was levied, should be.
permanent, the rate alone fluctuating according,to the
wants of the poor in the union.
The adoption of this proposal could not possibly
have injured man,'woman, or child, whether landlord,
tenant, or labourer ; on the contrary, it must have
benefited them ; this I will show beyond the possi-
bility, of a doubt, yet " Oxe-eyed men" advised the
Government not to accede to the proposal.
Now "One-eyed men" profess great faith in figures,
let me therefore show by figures what would have
been the practical operation of the plan I proposed,
compared with that which the Government adopted,
in the case of a speculator purchasing an estate of ten
thousand acres of waste land for the purpose of
reclaiming it, in one of the unions under the direction
of Government, and when the present poor-rate is
103. in the pound.
Say that the rental of the property in its present
state is ss. per acre, and the poor-rate 10s. in the
pound. Say also, that by the application of capital
to the extent of 101. an acre the rental would be in-
creased to 20s. per acre.
Make the law as I proposed, and there would be a
great inducement for the capitalist to enter into the
transaction, for on the above data his profit on an
outlay of 131,2501. would be 87,5001.
Leave the law in its present state, and under pre-
cisely the same data, his loss would be 6,2501. Loss
did I say ; no, for he will not think of entering into
the transaction ; and one of the very best laws for
the condition of Ireland will be a dead letter in
those parts of the kingdom where its operation would
have been most valuable.
The following tables will show the result in a clear
point of view.
Result of the reclamation of 10,000 acres, if my
proposal had been adopted.
Dr.
Purchase of 10,000 acres, rental Si. per acre,
poor-rate 10s. in the pound, free rental
1,2501., valued at 25 years' purchase .. £31,250
Capital necessary for reclamation, at 101.
per acre ... ... ... ... 100,000

Outlay ... ... £131,250

Cr.
Sale of 10,000 acres of land, rental 20s.
per acre, poor-rate same as before recla-
mation, viz. 2s. 6d. per acre, free rental
8,7501., valued at 25 years' purchase ... 218,750
Deduct outlay ... 131,250

Profit

£87,500

Result of reclamation of 10,000 acres under the
Government plan, supposing a capitalist so rash as
to embark in the enterprise.
Dr.

Purchase of 10,000 acres., rental ss. per
aore, poor-rate 10s. in the pound, free
rental 1,2501., valued at 25 years' purchase 31,250
Capital necessary for reclamation at 101.
an acre ... ... 100,000

111,250

Cr.
Sale of 10,000 acres, rental 201. per acre,
poor-rate 10. in the pound, free rental
3,000/., valued at 23 years' purchase .. 125,000
By outlay .. 151,250

Loss

£6,250

Your Lordship will not fail to observe that, assum-
ing the above data to be correct, the profit would be
still larger, because I have taken the poor-rate at its
present amount ; whereas it must be considerably
reduced throughout the union by the employment of
so great a number of the population as would be ne-
cessary for the reclamation.
I have the honour to remain,
Your Lordship's most obedient servant,
RIGBY WA SON.
Corwar, Dec., 11, 1841.

COURT CIRCULAR.
OSBORNE, TUESDAY.
The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual walk
about the grounds this morning.
The younger branches of the Royal Family went out
for their accustomed exercise.

The Queen and Prince Albert drove to Ryde in the
afternoon of yesterday, attended by Viscountess Can-
ning and the Hon. Miss Dawson._ . . .

Colonel Berkeley Drummond, the groom in waiting to
her Majesty, left Osborne this morning.
Lord Elphinstone, lord in waiting to her Majesty, is
expected at Osborne this afternoon, to be in attendance
during the period of the Court remaining at Osborne._

Lord and Lady John Russell arrived in town yester-
day morning from their residence, Pembroke Lodge,
Richmond Park, and proceeded to Wobura Abbey,
Bedfordshire, on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of
Bedford.
The Earl and Countess Grey left their residence, in
Belgrave•equare, yesterday, on a visit to the Duke and
Duchess of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey.
Viscount Palmerston is staying at Brighton.
The Judicial Committee of the Pri►y Council sat yes-
terday. The case of " Thomas M'liay v. Peter Ruther-
ford," from the Courtof Appeals of Canada, was resumed
and concluded. An appeal, " Browning v. Budd," from
the Prerogative Court, was commenced, the Queen's Ad-
vocate and Sir Frederick Thesiger being heard for the
appellants, and Mr. Turner (Queen's Counsel) for the
respondents. The case was adjourned. The Lords
present: were the Master of the Rolls, the Chancellor of
the Duchy of Lancaster, Mr. Baron Parke, and the
Chancellor of the Duchy of Cornwall.

Sir Robert and Lady Peel and Miss Peel arrived
in town yesterday forenoon, from Drayton Manor, Staf-
fordshire.
CLERSENWELL RAGGED Scnoors.—The Marquis
of Northampton has become the patron of the Lamb and
Flag Ragged Schools, Clerkenwell. His Lordship is also
a very liberal annual subscriber to its funds.
LICENSED VICTUALLERS' PROTECTION SOCIETY. I
Yesterday the fifteenth annual meeting of the members
of this society was held at Radley's Hotel, Bridge-
street, Blackfriars, Mr. George Bennett, of the White
Lion, Leather-lane, Holborn, in the chair. The com-
mittee, in their report, congratulated the members on
the withdrawal of the " obnoxious single-bottle clause "
from the Excise Act of last session; and also upon the
fact that only 11 infarmations had been laid against
members (who are 1,700 in number) during the past
year, most of which were dismissed, or satisfied by the
payment of costs. 126 rewards had been distributed to
persons instrumental in the detection and conviction of
offenders against the members of the trade. There had
been received, during the year. ending on the 31st of
October, the sum of 1,4481. 18B.; the disbursements, in-
cluding 4021. Os. Ild. Parliamentary expenses, amounted
to 1,277/. 16s. The total balance in favour of the so-
ciety amounted to 2,6721. 7s. 10d., being an increase of
1681. 2s. on the preceding year. The report, alter a
short discussion, was agreed to. The officers for the
ensuing year were then appointed, and the meeting
separated.
TUE HOME, FOREIGN', AND COLONIAL DEPART-
MENTS VERSUS TEE TREASURY.—We understand that
the Committee of Investigation started to meddle with
all the Government establishments has received a check
from the Secretaries of State for the Home, Foreign,
and Colonial departments. A Committee, or Commis-
sion, at the head of which was Sir Charles Trevelyan,
K.C.8., was preparing to invade the above offices when
it was intimated to the Board of Treasury that the heads
of the three departments above named would not permit
any interference of the kind, aid that if the Treasury
was of opinion that a revision was necessary, their own
officers were quite =want and willing to undertake
die