The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-14 00:00:00

Pitatitin I. -Snit

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1846,

TIIE

in comparison with the advantages conferred upon
our sea service. It is not, however, so much
upon the proportionate disfavour shown to our
salt-water defenders as upon the particular and es-
sential disproportion of the promotions in that all-
important and noble service, that we feel ourselves
compelled to express so much dissatisfaction.

Whenever the Executive deem it advisable to
encourage our protective forces with an extraordi-
nary brevet promotion, it would be more in accord-
ance with justice, and we do believe more consonant
with the national interest, if those only were advanced
in rank who had merited such promotion by their
protracted and meritorious services, by their distin-
guished integrity, intelligence, and prowess, or by
some signal achievement for the glory or emolu-
ment of the empire. Those only should be
selected who would come under one or other
of the foregoing category of qualifications.
The veteran sailor should be recompensed for
his long employment, while those stripplinga who
are at present favoured with a precocious elevation,
simply because of the accidental antiquity of their
blood, should be simply afforded the opportunities of
realising their own promotion by their personal
merits. Unfortunately the very reverse principle ap-
pears to be the one by which the Executive has hitherto
been invariably actuated. Instead of regarding length
of service, they pay supreme deference to
length of genealogy ; instead of considering
the age of the different officers and the
purity of their professional conduct, they pay especial
attention to the age and purity of their blood ; in-
stead of rewarding a man for the personal
excellences which are attributable to himself, they re-
ward him for the adventitious advantages of being con-
nected with the aristocracy, for which 'Advantages he
is in no possible degree accountable. In consequence
of this monstrous system, we occasionally, and too
frequently, hear of venerable and most deserving
officers dying in a state of impoverishment and ne-
glect, after having filled some subordinate post
in the navy for half a century, or thereabouts.
The deplorable instances of the two lieutenants
GREEN who, but a very few days ago, died in the
vicinity of Portsmouth, and with the melancholy cir-
cumstances of whose careers and decease the readers
of The Sun are already acquainted, would have been
amply sufficient, one would have expected, to have
prevented the recurrence of similar injustice.
One of these unfortunate, and most meritorious
officers dated his lieutenant's commission as far back
as 1806, while the other was only three years
later. If we remember these calamitous facts,
and remember, moreover, that there ars some-
thing more than two thousand five hundred lieu-
tenants in the navy, and that out of that enormous
body only eighty have been elevated to corn-
manderships in the recent brevet, we shall
immediately recognise the impolicy and—we cannot
but say it—the intolerable cruelty of the circum-
stance, that amongst those eighty promoted lieutenants
there are young men whose commissions are as re-
cent as 1841, and whose only advantages are those of
a fortuitous nature, namely, the antiquity of their
family and the political influence of their connexions.
In speaking thus we are by no means attaching any
individual blame to Lord AUCKLAND and his col-
leagues ; on the contrary, we are persuaded of the per-
fect integrity of their motives and of their solicitude for
the prosperity of the profession. But we are inveigh-
ing upon an abuse which has unhappily been in
existence during a greater number of years than we
have the heart to calculate. It is such an abuse that
urgently clamours for its removal, and such an abuse
that we can never tire of reprobating.

Besides this " crying evil" there is another for the
destruction of which we have long yearned. We
have long yearned for the removal of all the contin-
gent evils of the execrable system of impressment for
the navy. That system itself is unquestionably but
little practised now-a-days. Its character is so
directly opposed to the liberal nature of our constitu-
tion, that it has long been lapsing into disuse from the
universal execration with which it is regarded.
Nevertheless, there may still be enumerated among
our sailors a multitude of the victims of im-
pressment men who have been torn from
their families and their ordinary occupations by
violence ; who.have had a laborious career thrust upon
them, contrary to their inclinations ; who, notwith-
standing all this rigorous treatment, have laboured for
years in our men-of-war and our frigates, with un-
common honesty, with distinguished seal, and some-
times with a surprising intelligence, but who, neverthe-
less, have received more niggardly wages than those sea-
men' who are engaged in the merchant service, and,
beyond all, have no hope of release or promotion.
Are these men punished thus, forsooth, because of
their excellent behaviour, and because of their pro-
tracted toil for their country ? Is it judicious, is it
generous, is it, we ask, barely honest, that they
should be compelled to expend the vigour of their youth
and the lustihood of their prime for a hopeless
debasement and a miserable pittance ? Are their
promotions withheld because of their lack of educa-
tion? Then, say we, educate them, in common jus-
tice. You have driven them into an onerous and
laborious profession, give them, in Heaven's name,
a chance of gaining a footing in it, and of acquiring
something beyond a mere subsistence.
These abuses of the naval service are so grievous in
their character as to demand a generous and compre-
hensive reformation.

The Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland will
now become a really useful and efficient body, com-
petent to meet and provide for the emergencies of
their native land, and to take the part becoming an
association which has for its president a Nobleman of
the most exalted rank, of well-approved patriotism,
and of wide and extensive domains, and which com-
prises amongst its members the most active, intelli-
gent, and influential of the nobility, gentry, and
landed proprietors connected with our sister island.
From such a body much might be expected ; there
is no part or district throughout the kingdom which
has not some person interested in its prosperity,
acquainted with its wants, and competent to suggest
steps which might be beneficially adopted for
its improvement, or the relief of its poorer in-
habitants, to represent it in the society.
The great Irish want—a central society, so
constituted, and willing to take into consi-
deration anything calculated to promote the public
welfare, to guard the landed interests, and to do every
thing within their power to relieve and mitigate the
existing distress in the manner least burdensome to
the country—will now be supplied. The society may
for the future be termed the National Committee of
Ireland ; they will be competent to discharge all the
functions of that committee whose formation we
have so warmly advocated ; and in the extended ob-
jects for which the society is now available, and its
vastly increased utility, we foresee the greatest bene-
fits for Ireland and the Irish.

Although we have acknowledged the comparative
multiplicity of the promotions in the late brevet, we
have nevertheless felt ourselves compelled to qualify
our gratulations, in consequence of the many blunders
both of commission and omission which are observable
in their distribution. Granted that the satisfaction of
all parties on the occasion of such an advancement is
a thing almost morally impossible; granted that no mat-
ter how judiciously the selection might have been made,
there would have inevitably been some malcontents ;
granted that the Executive are surrounded on such
an occasion by difficulties so numberless, that mode-
rate oversights must thereby be regarded as in some
measure accompanied by an irresistible palliation.
We are prepared to make all reasonable allowances
for those who are so difficultly, and we may even say
delicately, situated. We cannot, however, remain
indifferent to any grievous omissions in a brevet of
this description—a brevet so long postponed, and so
tardily granted—we cannot remain indifferent to any
particulars calculated to prove in a remarkable degree
detrimental to the interests of the people, and pre-
serve silence upon such particulars merely upon a
punctilious and complimentary consideration. We
are ready to confess, and indeed have already con-
fessed, that in numerous instances these recent pro-
motions have been
characterised and munificence.
rtel
Neve
he by their liberality
of ss, it cannot be over-
looked that the disparity
the advancement in the
two professions has been of a
invidious and
100
almost of an unprecedented kind.
already commented in our previous s
n observations, this we have
have remarked, that while the military brevet We
braces a catalogue of very nearly five hundred inrndi--
viduals, the naval brevet scarcely numbers two hundred
Intd,fifty—so that the army is about doubly benefited

The Agricultural Society of Ireland owes its
origin to the exertions of the late Alderman
PETER PURCELL. That intelligent gentleman
understood the great advantages to be derived from
the exertions of a body who should make it
their especial duty to point out means by which the
lands of the country might be brought into improved
cultivation, and greater attention might be paid to
the breeding of cattle, and a better system of agricul-
ture. In order to obtain the general co-operation of
the Irish gentry, it was essentially necessary that any
question of a political nature, or which might by a
possibility originate party differences or dissensions,
should carefully be avoided ; accordingly, one of the
fundamental rules of the society was, " That no ques-
tion should be discussed at any of its meetings of a
political tendency, or which should refer to any matter
to be brought forward or pending in either of the
Houses of Parliament." Such a rule, so stringent in its
terms, and general in its operation, could not be
avoided at the time of the formation of the society ;
a mutual distrust was felt by gentlemen of differ-
ent religious and political feelings ; they could not
be induced to act cordially together on any point
which by a possibility could be tortured into a party
question. The universality of the rule, however,
prevented the possibility of any subject of a disagree-
able nature being intruded, and the first great point
was achieved, and Irish gentlemen met on a neutral
ground, where they could act together for the benefit
of their common country.
abrly adhered drab earny
ed tyearso,andthneo ruleinfri nwgaesmsetrrifctly and 1-
of its provisions
was attempted. Perhaps to 'c-ne association of men of

.ionour•

SUN, LONDON, S

different parties thus occasioned the origin of the
better and improved feeling that now exists on every
side may be traced. That feeling has been further
purified in the school of adversity and affliction, in
which the Irish people of every class have lately
been taught, and we are happy to acknowledge that
almost every Irishman forms a more correct and less
prejudiced opinion of his neighbour than was for-
merly the case.

liberality, enterprise, and humanity of our Civic
authorities, that the intentions of the Legislature
would be faithfully and honourably sustained.
The past summer, so remarkably sultry, read us
a painful lesson. The number of deaths in our
various crowded cities, especially in those parts
of them where the supply of water was defective
and the sewerage, drainage, and cleansing had been
reprehensibly neglected, was fearfully above the
average. In certain districts of London, owing
to the cesspools and stagnant masses of filth, the
pestilential fever is never absent.

A period, however, arrived when it became neces-
sary for the society jto extend Ithe sphere of its
operations. During the last session an Act of the
Imperial Parliament was passed by which large sums
were to be advanced, by way of loan, out of the na-
tional exchequer for the relief of the fearful distress
occasioned by the loss of the potato crop, which
were to be charged upon the real property of the
country, and to be repaid, with interest, by periodical
instalments. No measure could possibly more
deeply affect the landed interest of the
country than the Lab Dur-rate Act. The na-
tional prosperity was dependent on the manner
in which it should be carried into operation, and the
direction of the vast expenditure thereby occasioned
into a proper channel, to works of a reproductive
character and national utility. The very objects of
the society rendered it expedient and necessary that
they should discuss the measure and the authorities
therein, that they should be brought forward before

Madrid papers of the 6th have arrived.
The Clamor Publico announces that, preparatory
to the impending general elections, 'from eight hun-
dred to a thousand electors of the " Progressista"
party assembled on the sth, among other orators, the
Count DE LAS NAVAS addressed the meeting, which
separated after appointing a " directing committee"
of twenty-one, including MM. CALATRAYA, BECERRA,
MADOZ, SAN MIGUEL, SERRANO, and other men of
note.

The most contradictory rumours as to Portuguese
affairs were current in Madrid ; so contradictory
that it is impossible to place reliance on any of them.
MADRID BOLSA, Nov. 6.—The Three per Cents. had
declined to 33f for cash ; the Passives were done at
6i, and the other securities continued the same.

the Legislature during the ensuing session, and for this
purpose an alteration of the latter part of the funda-
mental rule to which we have adverted became essen-

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
The private visit of the Marquis of NORMANDY to
the Duke and Duchess of MONTPENSIER is com•
mented on in almost all of them. The majority re-
joice at it as showing that the absence of the Noble
Marquis from the public reception on Saturday is no
proof of any alteration in the relations between Eng-
land and France. The National is outrageous at the
conduct of M. GUIZOT in acceding to the Marquis's
offer. "If M. GuizoT had theslightest pride," says the
National, "would he not have replied to Lord NOR-
MANRY—' You refused to pay your respects to the
Infanta of SPAIN, the wife •of the Duke DE MONT-
PENSIER, you shall be informed hereafter when the
French Princes and Princesses will decide on re-
ceiving you.' But no; at the first letter from the
Ambassador all the doors were thrown open to him,
and he is admitted into the private apartments. The
application for the audience was made in the evening,
and the audience was accorded the next day ! And
little is wanting but that there should be displayed
the heart intoxicated with joy, because the representa-
tive of England has thought fit to be presented to the
French Princes and Princesses, who were not in Paris
when he arrived there ! Ah ! this is the manner Lord
PALMERSTON is held in check ! If you go on in that
way, you will go far."
The French Court is evidently annoyed at the
manner in which it has been out-manoeuvred by
Austria in the affair of the marriage of the Duke of
BORDEAUX. So intent were Louis PHILIPPE and
M. GuizoT on securing the inheritance of the IN-
FANTA for the Duke of MONTPENSIER, that they paid
no attention to what was going on in Italy, and thus
lost the fruita of years of incessant intriguing ; for
ever since M. GuizoT came into power he has been
endeavouring by every means to prevent the marriage
of the Duke of BORDEAUX, as the extinction of his
race would place the family of Louis PHILIPPE in
the rank of legitimate Sovereigns. The following
letter from Vienna, which appears in the Presse,
shows how excessively sore the French Court feels on
this subject:—

tial. Accordingly, a special meeting of the society took
place on Wednesday, the 11th inst., convened in pur-
suance of a requisition, " in order to take the sense of
the society at large as to the propriety, under
the present circumstances of the country,
of suspending the 14th rule of the ',society, so far as
to enable the society to express their opinions as to
the profitable and productive employment of the
people, the general and thorough drainage, subsoiling,
and clearing of the land, and the production of food
at the present crisis."
His Grace the Duke of LEINSTER presided over the
meeting, which was attended by Mr. O'CONNELL,

and many gentlemen of the highest consideration

A resolution was passed, suspending the latter part of
the rule to which we have referred, to the extent
mentioned in the requisition, which suspension was
extended to the general meeting to be held in the
spring of 1847.
Two other resolutions of considerable importance
were also carried. The first—
That the society should form itself into a committee,
to take such means as might appear advisable for ob-
taining accurate information respecting the extent of
the benefit derived from the present mode of providing
employment, and the deficiencies of the same, to report
upon such amendments as were desirable, and submit to
the consideration of the proper authorities, from time
to time, such representations as those inquiries might
supply, thus embodying the collective experience and
observation of the society at large."
And the second—

" That the proper authorities should be impressed
with the necessity of making the townlands the units of
subdivisions as to assessment, in place of electoral divi-
sions ; and that any proprietor undertaking the amount
of cess to be levied off each townland should be exonc,
rated from the assessment of the baronies."

The want of space prevents our alluding further

to the good effects that must result from the proper
carrying out of these resolutions ; but our readers
will perceive how fully they are in accordance with
the views we have, from time to time, put forward in
our columns. From our hearts we congratulate the
Agricultural Society on its extended sphere of utility,
and the nation generally on the great advantages that
must result therefrom.

The measures carried into effect under Sir ROBERT

PEEL'S Administration were singularly great and va-
ried. As we noticed at the moment of his official
exit, it would be difficult to select a period in which
were passed more comprehensive, sound, liberal, and
useful acts of legislation than during the few years
which comprised the existence of the late Government•
No sooner had the sanction of Parliament been
obtained to measures of imperious necessity, that
brooked of no delay, than others were launched for
discussion and approval, the expediency and utility
whereof were immediately apparent upon their in-
troduction. Among not the least significant of the
latter was the scheme propounded by Lord LINCOLN
in relation to the health of towns. A subject of
deeper interest to the community at large, but
especially to the humbler ranks of society, there
cannot well be mooted. The change of Government,
coupled with the advanced period of the session
when it occurred, necessarily dictated the post-
ponement of this matter. This circumstance is,
however, to be regarded with favour, first, because
Lord LINCOLN'S Bill, excellent in many respects, was
not free from grave imperfections, next because it
elicited from Lord JOHN RUSSELL the assurance, that
his Government would cordially co-operate in the
ensuing session in improving the sanatory condition
of the people. In the meanwhile much of valuable
information has been acquired, and most important
statistics already brought under the public eye. A
glance at these indicates the desirableness of the phy-
sical comforts of our fellow-creatures being speedily
engendered and maintained, by some vigorous and
comprehensive act of legislation. The alarming fact
has been discovered, by a computation entered into by
scientific and competent judges, that 136 lives in
England are daily wantonly sacrificed, in consequence
of the absence of proper and obvious regulations of a
) sanatory nature.
Mr. HUME, M.P., remarked last week at a meet-
ing between himself and his constituents, that" the
next Parliament was destined to effect great and salutary
changes in our social system ; that education would
be one great measure ; and that something was ab-
solutely necessary to be done in order to repress
crime." There can be no doubt of the truth of this
statement. Of the intrinsic importance of national
education we have been the perpetual advocates ; but
the acquisition of habits of cleanliness is almost the
indispensable forerunner to the diffusion of mental
attainments. The mind and body are intimately
connected ; they act reciprocally. By a due attention
to the latter, a healthy vigour is imparted to the
former. We have a vast mental area to cultivate ;
we must be careful so to break up and prepare the
soil, that the intellectual seeds which we propose to
disseminate may yield an abundant harvest.
The Health of Towns' Association has just issued
another report. It is one of great value ; too much
attention cannot be bestowed upon it. Lord LIN-
COLN'S measure is criticised with ability and impar-
tiality. It is conceded to be most promising in ita
general features. On the other hand, two objections
are taken to it, which the Government, as it seems to
us, would do well to remove. One is, that it is con-
fined to England and Wales. Scotland, Ireland, and

the English capital, are not included in its pro-
visions. This we esteem to be a great error.
Ireland, in particular, stands in the greatest
need of sanatory protections and our own
metropolis, it is notorious, requires similar treatment,
The other objection is, charging the Home Depart-
ment with the onerous duty of superintending the
administration of the measure. The report analyses
the multiplicity of business already entailed upon the
Home Secretary's office, and renders clear that the
imposition of further duties cannot be thrown upon
this department of the public service without the
certainty that they, or some other, must suffer from
unavoidable neglect. This is a point that will, we
doubt not, be well conned over when the Bill comes

under Parliamentary consideration. Lord LINCOLN
has recently visited Dublin, and was, we believe, much
struck and pained with the sight of the wretched
hovels and squalid appearance of thousands of the in-
habitants. We hope, therefore, that his Lordship
and the Government will see good nason for con-
ferring upon the Irish the like boon which it is in-
tended to bestQw. 'upon England and Wales.
The authorities of our metropolis have ever proved
themselves most exemplary in the administration of
their own municipal and local affairs ; insomuch that
Parliament has frequently honoured the City with a
special Act touching matters for which they hare
made provision for the country at lare ft general
measure. There are man r lothaties in the metr,2,i,th.
litan districts with sanatory
:Z-guiations would
and comfort
prove of imriiense service,: cowards securing the health
and likewise in preventing the prema-
t toss of the lives, of many of the inhabitants.
Should the City desire a particular Act of Parlia-
ment for the objects contemplated by Lord LINCOLN'S
Bill, we see no reason why it should not be cheerfully
accorded; and we feel assured, from the known

" Many persons at Paris," says the Presse's corre-
spondent, " will probably consider the Duke de Bor-
deaux's marriage as Prince de Metternich s work. I
cannot tell you what share the Prince Chancellor may
have had in the affair. Austrian diplomacy is mysterious
enough to baffle better eyes than mine ; yet I think
that this may be supposed with some appearance of
reason. As it does not behove Austria's policy that the
Duke de Bordeaux's race be extinguished, in order that
revolutionary France may always be kept in check by
this perpetual threat, Prince Metternich, if he has not
promoted the marriage, has, at least, suffered it to be
accomplished, recommending that matters be managed
with the utmost discretion. If the project had trans-
pired, the Imperial Cabinet would have been exposed to
the remonstrances of the Cabinet of the Tuileries, with
which it must in some way or other have complied, in
order to keep up a friendly intercourse with
France by appearing to avert the Court of
Modena from the projected alliance. On the contrary,
the negotiation has been carried on with the utmost
secresy ; and when the affair was concluded Prince
Metternich got out of it in this way—he sent for M.
de Flahaut, the French Ambassador here, and commu
nicated to him a letter from the Duke of Modena to the
Emperor of Austria, whereby the Duke notified to his
Imperial Majesty his eldest sister's marriage with the
])uke de Bordeaux. Prince Metternich added that the
Imperial Cabinet had known nothing whatever of the
projected alliance until the moment the Duke of Mo-
dena's letter had reached the Emperor, who had even
greatly complained to his cousin of, his not having been
consulted on the subject. Such is what is repeated in
our circles, where Prince Metternich's protestations are
disbelieved by more than one. M. Guiaot need not,
however, complain much ; he has obtained, by the Duke
de Montpensier's marriage, a grand diplomatic success,
which may console him for the displeasure the Duke de
Bordeaux's marriage may give him."

In this instance we imagine it is the French Am.
bassador who has been "juggled like a nut."

The Quotidienne, the Legitimist organ, thus offi-
cially announces the marriage of the Duke DE
BORDEAUX:—

" The Count de Chambord (Duke de Bordeaux)
marries the Princess Marie Therese Beatrix, of Modena,
Archduchess of Austria. The Princess of Modena,
eldest daughter of the late Duke Franeis, was born on
the 14th of July, 1817, and by her father is great grand-
daughter of the Empress Marie Therese, and cousin-
german of the Emperor Ferdinand. Through her
mother she is granddaughter of Victor Emmanuel,
King of Sardinia, and niece to the present Empress of
Austria. The Duke de Levis arrived at Modena on the
3d instant, furnished with all necessary powers from
the Count de Chambord, and on the sth made a formal
demand of the hand of the Princess. The marriage was
to take place by procuration on the 7th, and on the 9th
the Princess was to go to Frohsdorff, attended by the
Duchess de Levis and the Countess de Chabannes."

In addition to the above, the Quotidienne says—
" Our letters from Modena and Italy are filled with
details on the subject of the Princess, who is about to
become the consort of the Count de Chambord. She is
tall and elegant, with a royal carriage and demeanour, a
mostp la sgracefulness, made her the idol of her family; the whole
city of Modena regrets her departure as the Providence
of the poor, and
yet they take pride and congratulation
to themselves in her new destiny. The Duchess of
e i ngl
Her character, her goodness, and her
y expressive countenance, and a cultivated
understanding.
Parma, the Empress Maria Louisa, came on the day of
the ceremonial to give her felicitatioas, and dined with
her family and her cousin."
The following letter from the Duke DE BOR-
DEAUX to the Marquis DE PASTORET, and dated
Frohsdorff, the 28th ult., appears in the Quotidienne
and France :

"Frobsdorff, October 28.
" Monsieur le Marquis de Pastoret,—l desire that
on the occasion of my marriage, the poor may
take part in the joy with which this new
proof of the protection of heaven in my family and
myself inspire me, and it appears to me that those
of Paris have a particular right to my interest, for
do not forget that it is in that city that I was born and
spent the first years of my life. I, in consequence, have
to announce to you that I place at your disposal a sum
of 20,000 f., which I charge you to distribute. In the
employment of this succour you will pay attention to no
other consideration but that of the necessities and posi-
tion, more or less unfortunate, of each person, concerting
to that effect With some of my faithful friends, who will
be happy to lend me the aid of their seal in assisting you
to fulfil my intentions. I experience only one regret,
that of not being able to give more. When I think of
the misery that prevails at preseiat, and of which the corn-
ing winter can only augment the severity, I could desire
to have treasures to give, in order to assuage so much
suffering. lam sure that my friztids will feel, as I do,
the necessity of imposing on themselves new sacrifices,
and of rendering their alms amore abundant tban ever.
They can do nothing more agreeable to me ; it is be-
sides a great means of keeping away from our common
and beloved country the evils which threaten her, and of
drawing down on her all the blessings that can ensure
her happiness. I repeat to YOU, Motniettr, the assur-
ance of all my esteem and affection,
(Signed) " HENRY."
The whole affair has been cleverly managed by the
I.)E BORDEAUX and his advisers.
Some of the Paris journals mention a report that
Prince Louis NAPOLEON is about to be married to
Miss BURDETT COUTTS.

It appears that there has been a secret meeting of
prelates at St. Germain en Laye. Concerning the
proceedings of this conclave there have been various
rumours, a resume of which will be found in the fol-
lowing article from the ConstilutionuL.l:

"Several-,J
.suh ~urnals have occupied themselves with the
ject of the Consistory, held by our prelates on the
int. at St. Germain. According to the Siecle, the
simple question was to investigate the origin of certain
Lie sshe not dto havedisp
disordets in a religious house in Paris, which the rope
remedied.dispute that the Thebishops
Siecle,
maya
have trrateclt the same time.
,!pots polities. The ational asserts that inure politics
than religion were the objects of the conference. Ac-
cording to that journal, there was a iliscus,inn as to
.?tether a remonqr4nee should not be addressed to the
Pope, warniiir, him that his liberal ideas and measures
had singularly compromised him in the minds of the
episcopacy of France. The meeting was afterwares en-

TURDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 14, 1846.

gaged, it is said, in discussing the recent decree of the
Royal Council, reminding the Freres de la Doctrine Cre-
tienne that according to their statutes they could not re-
ceive any salaries, and that it was on this condition they re-
ceived authority to teach. It is added, that the Consistory
of St. Germain has obtained an assurance that the decree
of the Royal Council shall be held to be of no effect,
and that the prelates have also intimated to the Govern-
ment that it was time for it to keep its engagements
with the Holy See on the subject of education. They
are said to have received for answer to this, that before
the end of the next session the Church would be invested
with the right of erecting in face of each college of the
State an ecclesiastical college, with exemption from all
condition of grade and control. In all this there is no-
thing improbable. It would be no more than the pure
and simple execution of the bargain entered into by M.
Guizot from the tribune, during the last session, and in
reliance upon which the Royal Council is given up, as
an earnest for the fulfilment of the contract. It is,
nevertheless, doubtful whether the Government dare
venture to go so far."
The National publishes the following account of the
state of affairs in Spain and Portugal. The Madrid
correspondent of the National, it should be remem-
bered, has generally been remarkable for the accuracy
and the earliness of its information :
" Our letters from Madrid communicate to us some
news respecting the position of Portugal. It appears
that after having obtained at Viana a slight advantage
purchased at a dear rate, General Schwalback went to
attack the insurgents at Evora, but he received a rude
lesson, for the insurrectional troops precipitating them-
selves on him defeated him completely, and forced him
to return to the quarter from which he had set out.
This victory, the news of which was immediately spread
abroad, at once drew into the movement all the district
that the royal troops had occupied. The forces com-
manded by Das Antes and Sada Bandiera had ad-
vanced in good order to the gates of the capital.
The position taken up by Das Antas, near Cintra,
permits him to attack vigorously arid ensures him a
retreat. The city besides was to be attacked in
three different quarters, and the movement was
not to commence until the different corps were
ready to support him. In addition, the animation
of all the insurgents is extreme. Fears were entertaind
for some time of a certain hesitation on the part of
Das Antes, in consequence of his letter to the Queen ;
but the reply of the latter, and the decress depriving the
principal chiefs of their titles and grades, leave no room
for amicable arrangement!. It is the fate of arms that
must decide the contest. Numerous desertions have al-
ready taken place ; the population of Lisbon awaits the
moment when the engagement is going on, to throw off
the yoke of terror which it supports with impatience.
According to the last letters that had reached Madrid
from that capital, no doubt was entertained of the
triumph of the people. The Progressist party and the
dissentient Conservatives do not conceal the vows they
offer up for the success of the insurgents of Portugal.
Mine. Munoz is furious at this spirit of faction. She was
aware that amongst the generals and certain political men
a hope was expressed to rid Spain also of a woman, who
being officially nothing in the state, yet wanted to keep
every one under her orders. She determined to have
vengeance, and demanded nothing less than the proscrip-
tion of General Narvaez, Ferrand, Roz de Olano, Cor-
dova, Cotoner, and half a dozen others, for generals are
thick enough at Madrid. After them came, it is said,
some political quarrels. The Minister of War refused
to sign the order of exclusion, and neither Pezuela, nor
Fulgorio would execute it, unless on a formal mandate
from the Ministry. She then wanted to dismiss General
Sans ; but at that moment precisely, the young Queen,
dissatisfied with M. Mon, wanted to dismiss him, and the
crisis was going to become complicated. The two in-
trigues by clashing came to nothing, and Christina
broods over her rancour whilst waiting for something
better. Isturits, however, would willingly go away, for
nobody is satisfied with him, and he is in ill humour with
every one. The slightest shock, coming from Portugal,
would fling confusion and disorder into the midst of this
political circ:e in disarray."
The KING and QUEEN of the FRENCH, and all the
Royal Family, left Paris on Tuesday for Compeigne.
Their journey had been deferred for one day in order
to allow of the presentation of the Marquis of NOR-
MANBY to the Duke and Duchess of MONTPENSIER.
The Bey of TUNIS arrived at Toulon on Tuesday.
He was to leave the same evening for Paris.
The Orleans and Bordeaux Railway will be re-
opened next week. The damage done to it by the
inundation of the Loire is not so great as had been
anticipated.
The Moniteur announces that the total amount of
subscriptions for the sufferers from the inundations
of the Loire was, up to Monday, 340,729 f. 85c.
The Marquis of NORMANBY has since sub-
scribed 1,000 and Lord W. HARVEY 100 francs.
1,613 have been collected at the Episcopal Church
in Rue d'Aguesseau, after a sermon preached by the
Rev. W. CHAMIER, and there are several other
liberal English donations advertised in Galignani's
Messenger of 'Wednesday afternoon, the proprietors
of that extensively-circulated print contributing 300
francs.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Wednes-
day at 82f. 75c. ; the Five per Cents., 117 f. 85c. ; the Or-
leans Railroad Shares, 1,227 f. 50c.; Rouen, 901 f. 25c. ; Havre,
6821. 50c. ; Great Northern, 658 f. 75c. ; Avignon, 880 f. ;
Vierzon, 5721.50 c. ; Bordeaux, 550 f. ; Basle, 220 f. ; Fampoux,
405 f. ; Dieppe, 3551.; Paris and Strasburg, 4851.; Tours and
Nantes, 495 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 507 f. 50c. ; Lyons and
Avignon, 490 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 477 f. 50c. ; Spanish
Actives, 33k; Spanish Domestic Debt, 33.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, NOVEMBER 12.
Boulogne and Amiens, 14%—Direct Bombay and Madras,
SA—Dutch Rhenish, s%—East Indian, 3%—Jamaica South
Midland Junction, I—Louvain I la Sambre, I:4—Luxem-
bourg, rs—Namur and Liege, 3/4—Northern of France
Constituted, 1114—Orleans and Bordeaux, 73/4—Paris and
Lyons Constituted, WA—Paris and Strasbourg Constituted,
33/4—Sambre and Meuse, 4:4.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
(From The Sun of Last Night.)
The Cotton market at Liverpool yesterday was quiet,
the sales being 5,000 bales, of which, speculatators took
1,000. Prices ruled much the same as previously.
Shares were without any material alteration.
At the sale of railway shares, to-day, at Messrs.
Lamond and Co.'s, there was no great alteration in
prices. East Indian shares were lower. The following
ate a few of the principal sales :
Great Indian Peninsular .£o 4 6
South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4
Manchester and Southampton, 1846 1 5 0
East Indian ...
Exeter, Yeovil, and Dorset
Goole and Doncaster 1 17 0
Shropshire Union and Canal
London and York ... 1 19 0
Madrid and Valencia
Great Luxembourg
Cornwall and Devon Central
York and Carlisle ....
Paris and Lyons 5 1 0
Eastern Counties, York Extension.....: 3 14 0
Namur and Leige 3 9 0
Leicester and Bedford
Shrewsbury and Herefordshire ...... 010 0
Lynn and Elv ..... 16 1 0
Newry and Enniskillen .... ...... . 1 0 0
A most salutary resolution has been come to by the
East India Company, as respects ships taken up for car-
rying troops and stores to India. It is that no vessel
will be chartered by them for the purposes stated, unless
fitted up with lightning conductors, fixed upon the
most scientific and approved principles. It is to be
hoped that all emigrant ships will in future not be per-
mitted to leave our shores for distant colonies without
similar safeguards being peremptorily demanded. It is
hardly pcssible to estimate the loss of lives and of pro-
perty that has occurred at sea by lightning. The most
approved plans now adopted are easy of application and
not costly.
The Austrian Government, it appears, is likely again
very shortly to be in the market as a borrower to some
extent, and, all things considered, certainly at rather an
inauspicious time, the more especially if, as is asserted,
there are other States also in treaty for large advances;
The eminent capitalists, Rothschild and Sine, however,
have no doubt sufcient power to furnish the
requisite supplies, and to them this task is
stated to have been assigned. The A ustrian
Treasury is believed to be well provided
with funds for all general purposes, and the object of the
loan is supposed to be rather the extension of the rail-
way system than the supply of any deficiency. Whether
the amount required will be raised simply by means of a
loan, or a loan and lottery combined, is not yet ascer-
tained. The Baron Salomon Rothschild is expected in
Vienna about the middle of the present month, and the
sum intended to be raised is said to be forty millions of

Although a considerable amount of business has
been transacted in the Stock Markets this morning, the
variations in prices have been slight. Consols for the
Account have been alternately quoted at 944 and at 94k,
for immediate transfer precisely the same ; the New
Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. at 95i -a; and Exche-
quer Bills at 14s. and at 11s. premium. Bank Stock
is lower by 1 per cent. than it was yesterday.
The only prices worth notice in the Foreign Stock
Market to- day are, for the Portuguese Four per Cents.
3814 ; for Spanish Five per Cents., 268 ; the Three per
Cents., 37i ; the Dutch Two-and-a-Halt per Cents., 59 ;
while the Four per Cents. are flat at 918.
In the Railway Share Market there has been a good
business done, especially in Eastern Counties.

011 t. CLOSING
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Bank Stock • 204% 2041/2
3 per Cent. Reduced Anns 93508 93%
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 94% % 94%
New VA per Cent. Annuities 95%% 951
Long Annuities to expire J an. 1860 9% 9 15-16
Ditto 30 years, Oct. 10,1859
India Stock 255 257
South Sea Stock —
Ditto New Annuities
Consols for Account 943/4 % 94%
Exchequer Bills, 10001. 1',4d.... 14 11 —— p 11 p
Ditto, 5001
CLOSIN(
PRICES
96
314

ONE
O'CLOCK

PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS.
Chilian Bonds 6 per Cent...... ... ...
Equador Bonds
Granada Bonds, 1 per Cent.
Ditto, Deferred
Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1846 —
Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent .. 3834%
Ditto, Account 38%
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
Ditto, Deferred 17%
Ditto. 3 per Cent 37%
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch, 2% per Cent
Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certificates 92'/a 91% 91%
PRICES OF PAS'
BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Aberdeen
Amber., Nott., Boston,
and Eastern Junction 2%..•... 234% 2%
Armagh, Coleraine, and
Portrush l% --
Belfast & County Down 43/4 —
Birmingham and Dudley 435. ...
Birmin. and Gleucester..loo
Ditto New 17%

6% p

Birmingham and Ox-
ford Junction
Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire June.... 23/4
Boston, Stamfd, & Birm. 225.
Bristol and Exeter 75
Ditto, New
Bristol and Gloucester... 30 ...... .......
Bristol and Liver. Junc.. 21,4......
Budhingham.shire
Caledonian
Ditto Half Shares 21,. 2% ......... ..... 2%
Cambrian & Grand Junc 42s
Chester and Holyhead... 27%
Churnet and Blythe
Chester and Manchester 425. " — ...
Cheltenham and Oxford 2
Clydesdale Junction.. ... 20
Cork, Blackrock, and
Passages
Cork and Killarney
Cork and Waterford ... 11,E —
Cornwall
Ditto, Half Shares ... 2%...... •••
Cornwall& Cent'l Devon 2%
Derby and Crewe 2%
Direct Lincoln, East Ret-
ford, and Sheffd. Junc. 2%
Direct Northern
Direct Norwich 1 —
Dublin and BelfastJunc. 12% .
Dublin, Belfast, and
Coleraine
Dublin and Galway..... 4
Dundalk & Enniskillen 10
46 %
EastemCounties 141. 16s 22% %..• ..... 22
Ditto New l2l. 16s 7%% p......... 7% p
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, No. 1. 61. 13s. 4d —
Ditto ditto. No. 2... 61. 13s. 4d % n...
Do., York Extension.. 2 ...... 33/4%
EastDereh'm andNoech 1 —
Eastern Union 35 .. ...
Ditto, Quarter Shares 83% —
Do. Exten.(Harwich) 17,8 — ......... .
"''•
Do. Camb. and Ely.. 2%
East Lancashire
Ditto. New
Do., do. (late Preston
and Ormskirk)... .. 21,4 .....
East Lincolnshire
East & West of England 1X3......
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 ......
Ditto Half Shares
.........
Ditto, Quarter Shares 121
Edinburgh &Northern.. 12
••• ........ ..••
Edinburgh and Perth... 3
..
..
Ely and -Huntingdon ... 12% — ...............
....
Enniskillen and Sligo ... 2% _
Exeter,Yeovil,& Dorset 514 _ ..............
Glasgow, Kilmar.,& Ayr 50
15
Ditto, New
Do., % Shares (5 per ...... .. ......
cent. guar.) ...
Glouc.,Aberystw ith, and
Central of Wales
Goole, Doncaster, &c.
di
s. Union (Notting- I/ *s.
.. 4
%
a Ln 1 — .
Grendat Eaynstern &Western 2% ...........
GreatGrimsby and Shef-
field
Great South. and West.

(Ireland)
Great Munster 2l/2
Great North of Scotland 21/2......
GreatNorthof England..loo
Ditto New
Ditto, New . l5 ......
Ditto, New
Great Western
_ _ 85

Ditto % Shares 5O —
Ditto 14 Shares lO
Ditto Fifths
Ditto, Neiv "
Huddersfield at Manches. 13
Ditto, Extension 3
Hull and Selby 5O lOB% lOB
Ditto I% Shares
Do. Half Shares

Ipswich & Bury St. Edm. 11%
Do., do., and Norwich 2% —
Lancaster and Carlisle... 50
Do. New
Leeds and Bradford
Leeds and Carlisle
Leicester & Birmingham 225. — ••• ........ ....
Leicester and Bedford 225.......
Leeds, Dewsbury, &c.... 22% 36 373!1
Do., Branch (Blue) ... 2
Do. Extension( Green) 2%......
Leeds and Thirsk l7l
Ditto, New
Lpool., Mnchstr &New-
castle Junction
Liv -nool and Bury ... 14 .• ••• ---. ••
• Ili k 11 16/ 13s 4(1. VA
London anu -aewa • ' '
3 ... •• 4%...... •••• •••
Do. New ............. " -t,
Ditto Extension ~.. • • '/2'" - ........ ""
London, Brighton, and
South Coast ............ 50 .. ..
London and
Faniftdhs
Guaan. 5 per cent. 9 - ••• •• •• .. •
4reenwich 12/ 15s 4d 94
Do.
London ana
London, Hounslow, and
2
Preference ...!8/17s 2d ,..„
Western - ••.
London and and N. Westernloo 196% 196 198... 123
Do. Quarters 23
C.r.o.y-d-o.n. 40 ••••••
Do., do., New Shares.. 2
Ditto Fifths ..... .... 2
Ditto, Eighths (G. JO 12% — • •
Do., New IA Shires
(G• JO •••,.. ......... 5 ,•••••
Do 40/.Share,(l-71.) 8 •-7 "'
Lon:;. & :,. WeA 6,1, 4i i 6. 10d Z"." •••
Do. Neer Ct,c&,);. 8; ;. 40 •• • •
D 3. Nco:
Do. New
Londoa :did York - • 2y..... 21,.f
Do. %Sham
..•,c. ~,..

59%1A 59%

• .. 67