The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-07 00:00:00

TIIF SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 7, 1848.

is so much tit)nri,-,,d a; to unfit fur reshipping. The
Fo,z,st .Vonaf.,O, Ricinirtkon, t'n,rn St.
13;-wr win•h went oil off tli Island of Jo
.1, fast breaking up; mat:,rials and pa:t
cla..t;o

structed by the defendant, and for which he lied obtained
a patent, was not the sane as described in the sp,einca-
ti,n. The entire inv,.n:ion was old, more partici]] 71,
that portion which the dt Pendant claimed. A patent
substantially the same was taken out by a person in
1835; it was tried at Toulon before the Prefect, but it
pix.ved a to'al failure. The rcal inventor of the
isoproved and valuable machine, for an exact
copy of which the defendant had succeeded in getting a
patent, was Mr. Hamilton, an American. He took
out. a patent in America, and his son had taken out one
in Pat is, whilst another had beer, taken out here in 1834.
conter,ded that the jury could not fail to be of opinion,
aft, r the evidence he should adduce, that the patent of
the defendant ought to be reversed.
A number of witnesses were then called to support the
case of the plaintiff, in the coarse of which specifications
of patents granted for similar machines previous to that
sit the defendant were produced. It appeared that one
had been granted to a person named Isaac Dodd on the
29th of July, 1835 ; to Messrs. Gibbs and Galley on
thi; 27th of July, 1835, and to Mr. Hamilton on the 26th
June, 1834.

The case wai adjourned, at the rising of the Court,
until to-morrow.

COMMON PLEAS.—(THI S.DAY .)
(Moro Mr. Justice CRESSWELL and a Special Jury.)

THE SAPPHIRE - CATTLIN V. HILL.

This was one of those cases commonly known as
" running down " cases. It was brought by a per: on
named Catlin, to recover compensation in damages for
severe injuries which he had sustained, from which he
alleged was the reckless negligence of the defendant, who
is the representative of the proprietors cf the Sapphire
steam-boat, which plies between London and Gravesend.
A collision took place between the Sapphire end the
Sons of the Thames the summer before hst, off Graves-
end. The plaintiff, who was on board the last-named
vessel, had his leg broken, and sustained other injuries of
a serious nature.

The defence was that the defendants were not to blame
fur the occurrence, and that they exercised on that, as
on all other occasions, the utmost care.

The case will occupy the whole of the dad•.

SURREY SESSIONS—(THIS DAY.)
James Williams, one of the men who were tried for the
murder of A; r. Bellcham bers, John Newton, and Elizabeth
Taylor were indicted for stealing four pounds of cheese
and twenty shillings, the property of Charles Rust.
Mr. Ba►dwin conducted the prosecution, and Mr.
Charnock defended Williams.

The prosecutor carries on the business of a cheese-
monger in the Old Kent-road, and on the evening of the
13th ult. the prisoner Williams entered the shop and
ordered four pounds of cheese to be sent to a Miss
Felt's, at No. 11, Surrey. square, with change for a sove-
reign. The prosecutor accordingly dispatched his lad
with the property, but directed his shopman to follow
and watch him. When the lad got to Miss Fell's he
was informed that nothing had been ordered, and as he
was going home again the female prisoner came up to
him running, and exclaimed, " Oh, you have got the
cheese; give it to me, with the charge, and here's the
sovereign." He accordingly gave them to her, and was
about proceeding further when he looked round and saw
her run away. While he was looking at the coin, which
was a counterfeit, Newton came up to him, and pre-
vented him from following her, when the shopman
came up to his assistance and secured him (Newton.)
Williams bad been previously taken into custody. The
female was apprehended at the police-station on the
following morning while looking after her companions.
The jury found them Guilty, when the Court was in-
formed that they had all been previously in custody, and
that Williams was one of the men tried at the Oldßailey
as one of the parties who murdered Mr. Bellchambers,
but he was acquitted.
The CHAIRMAN sentenced each of them to seven
years' transportation.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

THE NEWMARKET CHAMPION COURSING

MEETING.—WEDNESDAY.
Exning Field.
The All-aged Stake.—First Ties.
Dorou beat Fire office—Bramble beat Cineraria—Ma-
gieian beat Will Watch—Amina beat Tom Tit—Am-I-
to-win beat Merry Lad—Hotspur heat Eunoch—Rou-
lette beat Lavender—Rocket beat Guy.
The Puppy Stakes.—First Ties.
Anticipation beat Cytherea—Rex beat Druid—Tur-
quoise beat Louis Philippe—Tristram ran a bye (Fum-
drum lame)—Wicked Eye beat Bessie Bell—Bumper
beat Field Marshal—Locomotive beat Wowski—Apprc-
batten beat Baron.

The Exning Stakes for Puppies.
Mr. Etwall's: Englishman* beat Mr. 0. Edwards' Al-
debra.
Mr. Gillett's Glentilt beat Mr. Parkinson's Pliable.
Mr. Gillett's Becky Sharp beat Mr. Fyson's Forget-
me-not.
Mr. Arabin's Agnes beat Mr. Nash's Pendennis.
Mr. Bowl..s's Fairtocs beat Mr. Finch's Cosset.
Mr. Dobede's Drift beat Mr. Bagge's Trap.
Mr. 0. Edwards' Aggravation beat Mr. Arabin's Abbesr.
Mr. Moody's Racer beat Mr. Bowles's Fairy Ring.
* This dog ran into a gravel pit after this course, and
was killed.

DOMESTIC SERVANTS BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.
—Yesterday afternoon a meeting of the governors and
subscribers to the above institution was held at their
Rooms, in Sackville-street, Piccadilly, Thomson Harkey,
lisq., in the chair. The report congratulated the mem-
bers on the improvement which had marked the position
of the society, both as regards servants and their
employers. there are now 2,890 members, besides 500
honorary ; the permanent Lund had reached the sum of
2,5001. The receipts, by donations and subscriptions
from the nobility and gentry, besides servants' subscrip-
tions aid investments, amounted to 2,2311. 14s. 10d.,
leaving the sum of 1661. Is. in the treasurer's hands. The
report
concluded with an earnest appeal for support, it
Le log stated that the domestic servants in Gnat Britain
Amount to no less a number than 1,157,000, of which
900,000 are females.
UOACIIMAKERS' BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.—Yes-
terday evening, a general meeting of the members and
subscribers to the above institution, founded for the re-
lief of aged, infirm, and distressed coachmakers, trim-
mers, and harness-makers' their widows and orphans,
WAS held at the Red Lion Tavern, Mr. William Savage,
president, in the chair. The report congratulated the
members on the steady increase, the committee having
been able to invest a further sum of 100/. towards the
funded capital. After the necessary expenditure, there
remained a balance in favour of the society of about 251.
The report concluded by an earnest appeal to the trade
for support.

• -
REGENT'S CANAL COMPANY.—The half-yearly
general meeting of this company was held yesterday, at
their offices, City-road. The report of the general
committee, which was read, stated that the works of the
new barge entrance at the Limehouse-doek will be open
for traffic before the next half-yearly meeting. The
balance of profits on the half-year amounts to 12,7791,
being nearly sufficient for a dividend of 12s. per share;
but as the resolution to add 5 per cent. out of the profits
to the reserved fund now again comes into operation,
the committee recommend a dividend of I Is. only, which
alter allowil g 5 per cent. to be added to the reserved
fund, would leave a balance towards the next dividend of
3671. Although the gross receipts for the past halt-year
are greater than the corresponding half-year of 1847,
yet there had been a considerable falling off of traffic in
the articles of lime, bricks, sand, &c., and this the com-
mittee attributed to the universal depression of trade
throughout the kingdom. The Marquis of Salisbury,
who was in the chair, submitted resolutions for carrying
to the rseerved fund 6321., being 5 per cent. on the net
profits, and for declaring a dividend of Ils., payable aft( r
the sth of January, which, after some discussion, were
agreed to, as was also a resolution moved by a proprie-
tor, to the effect that in future more detailed accounts,
especially on the subject of tonnage, should be furnished
at the half-yearly meetings. The total receipts amounted
to 24,717/., leaving a profit on the half-year of 12,6461.
The report was then received, and several proprietors
having expressed their satisfaction that the business of
towage had been undertaken by the directors, and a vote
of thanks having been passed to the Noble Chairman,
the meeting separated.
LONDON Ifosprra.L.—lresterday the Governors of
this Hospital held their quarterly general court in the
board-room of the institution. Sir Edward Buxton,
M. 1., in the chair. After a few introductory remarks,
the Hon. Chairman called upon Mr. Nixon to read the
quarterly report, from which it appears that during the
last three months 1,101 in-patients have been discharged,
of whom 641 were cured, 397 relieved, and 56 have
died. The books at present contain the names of 316
persons
another a s
statementin-patients,haen
ad
ff2,,,i5r459 a
of
thes out-patients. a
pFp
er
ao
rms
that during the past year 4,159 patients (each for an
average period of one month) have been admitted into
the wards of the hospital. The report mentions that the
house committee have been painfully compelled to re-
ject 522 applications certified as proper cases for admis-
sion, in consequence of the limited income of tbe institu-
tion. The total number of patients who have been ad-
mitted into the hospital since its foundation in 1740
is 879,911. The adoption of the report was moved,
seconded, and duly carried, after which the meeting
broke up.
ASSOCIATION FOR THE RELIEF OF THE POOR OF
TEE CITY OF LONDON.—Last night the annual meeting
of this association we's held at the London Coffee-house,
Mr. Alderman Wilson in the chair. The report stated
that the City Kitchen was open for the sale of coals for
eleven weeks between January and March. Within
that-period 22,979 cwt. was delivered at 6d. per 112 lbs.,
free of carriage within the City boundaries. The asso-
ciation was still encumbered with a portion of the debt
incurred in 1847, and owed 1001. The report concluded
by calling on the subscribers to exert themselves on
behalf of the poor in the approaching inclement season.
The auditors' report showed that there was a balance at
the banker's, at the close of last year, of 171. 108. 2d.;
1,8691. 55. was received during this year, and there was
a balance at the banker's of 211. 18s. 9d. On the motion
of Mr. Alderman Gibbs, seconded by Mr. Deputy Be d-
ford, the report and auditors' account were received t.nd
adopted. On the motion of the Rev. Mr. Harding it
was adopted that the system of administering relief by
coals only be continued. The various officers of the as-
sociation were re-elected. It was then moved that half-
a-dozen tickets be given to every subscriber present fur
distribution, to which an amendment was pr,posed that
the usual system of giving a dozen tickets be continued.
The amendment was earriedLand the meeting adjourned.
BRILLIANT METEOR.—On Friday evening, about
ten minutes before nine o'clock, a splendid meteor sud-
denly burst forth from a dense cloud which at the time
overhung Rochester, and after remaining apparently sta-
tionary for a few seconds, moved with great velocity,
and emitting a strong stream of light, disappeared. It
was of considerable magnitude, and of a bluish tint, and
during its continuance illumined all around. It was fol-
lowed by a gale of wind and a heavy fall of rain, which
lasted for some hours.

FLOODS IN THE NORTH.

Dozing, the last six or seven days in the northern
counties of Cumberland and We3traoreland, heavy rains,
sleet an l :now, have fallen almost incessantly, both day
and night, and in cons' quence, or. Monday morning last,
the lakes, rivers, and stream were never but once or
twice before known to be so flooded and swollen, having
overflow ed their banks and covered the adjacent low
grounds to a fearful extent and depth. On account of
the fhiod rising so gradually, time was allowed for the
exercise of precautionary measures for the safety of live
stuck and other property. Still, it is to be feared that in
mountainous di,tricts there will be a very serious loss
amongst the flocks of sheep, f6r several at various places
weie secru hurried away by the 1 od, and the quantity of
large trees and ether wreck which came down the rivers
wus, ir deed, immense. In several localities large breadths
of soil have been washed away, and the encroachments
made by the flood on many estates are of a very serious
nature, and will re quire large sums of money for making
mhankmenta, &c. All the millers, whose mills are
stopped from geieding, several of the weirs having been
ww•rie,i down, and others living on the margin of the
rivers, were obli4ed to flee to the upper apartments of
their dwellings and to sit up all night. About one
o'clock on Monday morning the flood rose to such a
terrible pitch that live stock were obliged to be driven
away more inland for safety. Fortunately no account
has vet come to hand of the loss of human life. At nine
o'clock on Mindy night the flood had abated but a very
little, and fears were entertained for the stability of the
bridges on the rivers Eamont, Lowther, Eden, Calden,
and other streams. About midnight on Monday the storm
again rose with double fury, the wind blowing from the
east a perfect hurricane, and the rain at the same time
lilting in torrents, so that the flood was terrifically
increased, and additional damage done to a great ex-
it nt. From a passenger on the Caledonian Railway our
correspondent received the following account of the
floods and storm in Scotland:—At Carstairs, thejunc-
tion station of the Caledonian and Glasgow Railway,
the station-house was so fearfully inundated that the
officials with difficulty escaped, while in the luggage
warehouse scores of bags of corn and other articles were
washed out and greatly damaged. The loss will be
most serious. On the line near Carstairs embankment*,
bridges, and about four miles of the railway were swept
away, and three trains which were on the line at the
time a ere of necessity stopped, tbo engines and. carriages
of which were obliged to be dragged to a distance by
horses, &c. No accidents happened to the passengers,
except being turned out to the "pelting of the pitiless
storm." Remembrance does not go back to such a flood
and land storm in that part of Scotland. On Tuesday
evening the flood in Cumberland had abated a little, and
the storm subsided.

THE SERPENTINE.—The Commissioners of Woods
and Forests have decided upon draining this river and
having it cleaned.
Tun WEATHER.—From an early hour yesterday,
and all last night, it blew a perfect hurricane from
N.N.W. The Holyhead steamer, Scotia, due at half-
past ten last night, did not reach until past two this
morning. She encountered most dreadful weather; and
one mountainous sea sweeping her across her bows car-
ried the mate overboard, and did great damage to the
vessel's bulwarks. The Marchioness of Downshire, and
several distinguished passengers were on board, and
were naturally much apprehensive for their safety. The
Scotia came into harbour in a very shattered condition.
Dublin Pilot of Tuesday.
THE WEATHER.—SiRCO our last, the weather has
been an alternation of wind and rain, varied by occa-
sional hailstorms, and a little snow. On Saturday night
a heavy shower of hail fell—the hailstones of unusually
large size; but we have not heard of any damage caused
by them. The prevailing wind has been S.W. and nearly
every night it has blown ♦ery strong; while in tempo-
rary lulls, heavy showers have fallen. The temperature
has ranged between 33 and 44 degrees Fahenreit; and
the barometer from 29'52 to 28'70. Still there has been
very little frost, which is now becoming desirable._
Manchester Guardian.

SOUTH DE—VONhIiCTION.—PLYMOUTH, DEC. 5.
Sir Trayton Drake has written a letter to W. H. Hawker,
Esq., of Plymouth, which the latter gentleman has pub-
lished, and in which, after thanking the Conservative
electors in this district for their energetic exertion on
behalf of Sir Ralph Lopes, Sir T. Drake adds, " It is
also gratifying to me to be enabled to state that Sir Ralph
Lopes has received the most unqualified assurances of
support from those gentlemen who had interested them•
selves on behalf of Mr. Kekewich, so that the election
of the Hon. Baronet will now take place with but one
prevailing feeling of unanimity amongst the Conserva-
tives of the southern division."

ACCIDENT. Last evening an accident, which
might have proved of rather a serious nature, occurred
at the corner of Manchester street, Gray's Inn road. It
appears that one of the Kennington omnibuses, being
on the wrong side, camo in collision with a cart laden
with plates and dishes. The force of the shock caused
the traces of the horses to break, and pitched two men
off, and buried one of them in the midst of the plates.
The other man had his hand cut severely in seve-
ral places.
ISLINGTON MARKET.—WE learn that this market,
which has been closed fur so many years, is to be opened
for the sale of cattle and other live stock, on Tuesday,
the 9th of January; and for the sale of hay and straw on
the following day. There will be a market for the sale
of beasts twice a week, and three times for hay, after
that date.

TELEGRAPH COMPANIES.. Among :the Acts
pass( d during the last session of the New York Legis-
lature was one of a very- simple and liberal kind for the
regulation of telegraph companies. By this any num-
ber of pers.ns are permitted to associate for the purpose
of constructiug a line of wires throughout the state, or
from point to point, wherever they may deem it desira-
ble, and these lines may be ci,rried along and upon any
of the public roads, or across any of the waters of the
state, by the erection of the necessary posts, piers, or
sbu'ment2, &c., for sustaining the wires, the only pro-
iso being that they shall not be such as to incommode
the public. In cases were the passage of the line takes
place over private property, compensation is to be as-
sessed by five commissioners appointed by the county
court. Persons injuring the wires and property of the
company are to be subject to a :penalty not ex-
ceeding five hundred dollars or a year's imprison-
ment, or both. The liability of the shareholders is
limited to a payment of 24 per cent. beyond the amount
of stock tivy may individually hold, and no shareholder
is to be proceeded against until a judgment shall have
been obtained against the company, and an execution
thereon shall have been returned unsatisfied. Each
company is bound to transmit the messages of other
companies, and, indeed, of all parties, on payment of
their regular published charges, and are liable to a fine
of 100 dolls. for refusal, or for any breach of impartiality
or good faith. All messages, likewise, are to be deli-
vered, under pain of a similar penalty for neglect, in the
order in which they are received, " provided, however,
that arrangements may be made with the proprietors or
publishers of newspapers for the transmission, fur the
purpose of publication, of intelligence of general and
public interest out of its regular order."
REFUGE FOR JUVENILE DESTlTUTE.—Yeaterday
a meeting of the governors and committee of the above
designated institution, for destitute youth of both sexes,
who on being discharged from penal confinement or by
dishonest practices have lost their character, was held in
the board room of the male establishment at lloxton.
The report inter alia, stated that the committee had re-
solved to purchase a piece of ground at Dalaton, for the
erection of a new asylum, the cost of which would be
about 3,0001., and the building 6,0001. In the present
establishment there have been during the last year 174
males and 184 females, some of whom bad been admitted
by order of the Secretary of State, and the majority
from the metropolitan houses of correction, Newgate,
and the provincial gaols. Since 1805, about 7,000 of
both sexes have been provided for, the males by emigra-
tion and apprenticeship, and the girls by servitude.)
FUNERAL OF THE LATE MAJOR ROSS.—The re-
mains of this young and highly respected officer of the
Royal Horse Artillery were interred at Newcastle-on-
Tyne on Monday last with military honours, the troop
to which he was attached having expressed their wish to
pay that last respect to his memory. Captain Gilbert,
recently appointed to command the troop, left Woolwich
on Sunday for Newcastle to be present on the melancholy
occasion. First Lieutenant M'Crea has been appointed
to be Second Captain, vice Ross, and Second Captain
Wilder has been appointed to the troop of Royal Horse
Artillery stationed at Newcastle-oil-Tyne.
The accounts from the Amsterdam Bourse report a
general fall in the prices of public securities. Dutch
Four per Cent. Certificates had receded nearly one per
cent.

WHITEHALL PREACHERS.—The Lord Bishop of
London has appointed the Rev. William Sewell, 13. D.,
Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, and incumbent of
Carisbrooke Castle Chapel, Isle of Wight, and the Rev.
John A. Freer, of Trinity College, Cambridge, White-
hall preachers for the ensuing year. The Rev. Gentle-
men will perform the duty on alternate days.
MISSIRO....—THE GREAT SEA SERPENT.---Had on,
when last met with, a bunch of sea-weed round his neck,
a seal-skin coat, with a very long tail, and "con-
tinuations" of a most extensive character. He had been
going lately to very great lengths ; but his friends fear
that he may have come to an untimely end, for when
last seen he appeared to be almost at his last extremities.
He need not be afraid to make his appearance again,
and unfold himself without scruple, but he must embrace
the present opportunity, or he is for ever lost.—Punch.
SERMON EXTRAORDINARY.---On Sunday evening
next, the 10th day of December, a sermon will be preached
at Hampden-in-Arden church by the Rev. Joseph Bar-
ker, M.A., of Christ's College, Cambridge, curate of
Berkes-well-cum-Barston, Warwickshire, and also on
the morning of the same day at St. Martin's church, and
in the evening at St. Thomas's church, Birmingham, by
the Rev. George Pettit, missionary in the diocese of
Madras, and curate of St. Phillip's, Birmingham, " On
the kind and merciful treatment of all dumb animals, but
more esrecially that of the Horse," by the appointment
of the governors of the Free Grammar School of King
Edward VI. in Birmingham, as trustees under the will
of the late Mr. Thomas Ingram, of Ticknell, near liewd-
ley, who by his will directed " that on Monday previous
to the preaching of such sermon notice should be inserted
in the Birmingham Gazette, requesting the masters of
families to direct their servants having the care of their
horses to attend Divine service on that day." No collet
don will be made.—Birmingham Gazette.
WANTON MISCHIEF.—On Monday night some
thieves broke into the British School at Kelvedon.
There is no doubt their object was to steal the children's
pt nee, which they supposed were left in the master's
desk; but in this they were disappointed, and, to be re-
venged, proceeded to commit several acts of mischief—
rent a valuable map, inked the copybooks, broke the
windows, and pulled down the dial, worth, 41., which it
appears they destroyed, as part of it was found next day
in a ditch a short distance from the school.—Essex
Standard.

LITERATURE.

BEN TL EY S CA BINE 7' LIBRARY. Thc
Clock-
maker, First, .Second and Third Series—Chinese Le
fiends ;or the Porcelain Tower-7 he Czar, his Court,
and People.

Mr. Bentley has just c )mmersced issuing a new
serial library, which bids fair to be a valuable acqui-
,,ition to the reading public. Judging from the five
numbers which have already made their appearance,
the "Cabinet Library" possesses every desirable quali-
fication. The binding and getting up are excellent,
and the typography remarkably clear and legible. The
first three numbers of the " Cabinet Library" contain
the three series of Sam Slick's inimitable sayings and
doings. The re-publication of these sketches in this
portable form cannot but be acceptable to the nu-
merous admirers of the cynical Yankee. Number IV.
consists of " Chinese Legends," among which is the
celebrated poem of the great Pi-ping, "The Student
of Hanlan,' which some years ago delighted the
readers of Bentley's Miscellany. For the sake of
such of our readers as may not be fortunate enough
to meet with the peril itself; we must transcribe the
two most remarkable verses. Fum-Fum and Fee-
Fee are b'th suitors to the fair Faw-Faw, th• daugh-
ter of Fo-Fo; and the following angry dialogue takes
place between the rivals :

" ' Faugh, faugh r sail Fum-Fum in low voice to Fee-Fee,
Would Fo-Fo give Faw-Faw to a fellow like thee?
By my fay, no, Fee-Fee: fair Faw-Faw is to come

A's a ice from Fo-Fo to thy foeman Fum-Fum.'

Nay. few, few,' said Fee-Fee, can believe that, Fo-Fo
Would ally fair Faw-Faw to a youth so so.so;
Fye, fye, no, Fum Fum! fair Faw-Faw is to be
As a fee from Fo-Fo to thy foeman Fee-Fee.'"

These verses require to be read aloud to be pro-
perly appreciated. "The Czar, his Court and People,
including a tour in Norway and Sweden, by J. E.
Maxwell," forms the fifth number of the "Cabinet
Library." The price of each volume is half-a-crown.

THE TOWN. By Leigh Hunt. 2 Vas.
A ramble through the streets of London in com-
pany with Leigh Hunt—a pilgrimage from St. Paul's
to St. James's-street with a companion who, now
sober unto seriousness, and now humorous unto
gaiety, but always fascinating and always interest-
ing, will make you pleasantly acquainted with every
memorable incident, with every sparkling witticism,
with every piquant anecdote in any way connected
with the ground over which you tread. Such is the
attractive• prospect held out to the readers of these
very attractive volumes. As an illustration of the dis-
cursive nature of Mr. Hunt's metropolitan sketches, we
quote from the table of contents the summary of
Chapter V., Vol. 1, which tells of Lincoln's Inn and
its neighbourhood :
Ben Joason's Bricklaying—Enactments against
Beards—Oliver Cromwell, More, Hale, and other emi-
nent Students of Lincoln's Inn—Lincoln's Inn-fields or
square—Houses there built by Inigo Jones—Pepy's ad-
miration of the comforts of Mr. Povey—Surgeon's Col-
lege—Sir Richard and Lady Fanshawe and Lord Sand-
wich—Execution of the patriotic Lord Russell, with an
account of the circumstances that led to and accompa-
nied it, and some remarks of bis character—Affecting
passages from the narrative of his Widow—Ludicrous
story connected with Newcastle House."

As another sample, let us take a chapter on a very
different subject :

CHAPTER XII.- THE PARKS.

" Original state and progressive character of the
Parks—Charles I.—Cromwell—Charles 11. ; his walks,
amusements, and mistresses—The Mulberry-gardens—
Swift, Prior, Richardson, Beau Tibbs, soldiers and syl-
labubs—Character of the Park at present—St. James's
Palace during the reigns of the Stuarts and the two
first Georges—Anecdotes of Lord Craven and Prince
George of Denmark—Characters of Queen Anne and of
George I.—George I. and his carp—Lady Mary
Wortley Montague and the sack of wheat—Horace
Walpole's portrait of George I.—Mistake of Lord
Chesterfield— Queen Caroline's ladies-in-waiting—Miss
Bellenden and the guineas—Geor-e IL's rupture with
his father and with his son—Character of that son—
BuAtingham House—Sheffield and his Duchess—Cha-
racter of Queen Charlotte—Advantages of Queen
Victoria over her predecessors."

After this enumeration of the extraordinary variety
of anecdotes and incidents to be met with in one
chapter only, is it necessary to add one word in re-
commendation of " The Town" ? The volumes are
adorned with numerous illustrations.

THE TRUE PATHOLOGICAL NATURE
OF CHOLERA, AND AN INFALLIBLE
METHOD OF TREATING IT. By George
Stuart Hawthorne, M.D., late Senior Physician of
the Belfast General Hospital, and now of Liverpool.
During the visitation of the cholera, about fifteen
years since, Dr. Hawthorne was residing at Belfast,
and in that city and its neighbourhood he attended
many aggravated cases of the disease, and his treat-
ment of it was uniformly successful, in proof of
which we may state that addresses were presented to
him signed by the principal inhabitants of the neigh-
bourhood, thanking him for his great and successful
exertions on that occasion. During the course of the
present year Dr. Hawthorne has addressed a series
of letters to the Liverpool Mercury in which he
describes his method of treatment and the
reasons which have induced him to adopt it. These
letters created such a sensation that the Doctor has
been induced to reprint them in the loran of apamphlet,
which we now have under review. Dr. Hawthorne
considers that the root of the disease is in the nervous
system, and that the vomiting and purging are merely
consequences of the weakness and inaction, we might
almost say, paralysis of the brain. He therefore de-
votes his attention to the brain, and to the strengthen-
ing of the nervous system, instead of contenting
himself with combatting symptoms merely. He says—

"It has been alrealy explained that the primary
cause of the morbid action in cholera is a specific injury
inflicted on the brain and nerves, which paralyzes their
tone and energy, and gives rise to a train of symptoms
which result in the escape of the serous or watery part
from the blood: and that such serous fluid passes off in
the discharges from the stomach and bowels.
" The indications of cure, are to restore the tone and
energy of the brain, and to prevent a further escape of
serum; and not only so, but to restore to the blood
whatever amount of its natural fluidity it may have lost
by the previous escape of the serous fluid; and, lastly,
to re• establish in their healthy action all the natu7al
functions which may have been suspended during the
attack.

Now the remedies which I shall place before the
reader furnish ample means to accomplish all the objects
demanded in all these several indications of cure; and,
if promptly and skilfully handled, enable the medical
practitioner to set at defiance all the assaults of this
hitherto fell destroyer.
" These remedies I would briefly state to be—The
Horizontal Posture of the Body—Opium—Cordial Sti-
mu!ants—Perspiration,—the latter to be produced by
the application of external heat, and to be continued by
the same means, while mild, warm diluting drink is to
be freely administered, to furnish an abundant supply of
suitable fluid to the absorbent vessels which have been,
first, excited to vigorous action by the perspiration."
He is averse to bleeding or the administration of mer-
curials, and depends for the cure, so far as medicine
is concerned, in the administration of enormous doses
of opium : in extreme cases of malignant cholera, he
does not hesitate to give ten grains for a dose—an
enormous quantity, and which we suggest to Dr.
Hawthorne, should never be administered except under
the immediate inspection of a medical practitioner.
His directions for the organization of health com-
mittees in the various towns are very judicious. He
says—

" The next duty which presents itself to me is to
point out the precautionary measures which should be
adopted by health committees, in the different towns in
the kingdom, with a view to preserve the lives of the
poor inhabitants, who may not have the means of self-
preservation within their reach.

" I have already stated that hospitals for the reception
of cholera patients are worse than useless ; that to re-
move a patient affected with cholera from his own habi-
tation, however humble, to a hospital, is utterly out of
the question,—such a step being totally incompatible
with the ascertained proper method of cure. The pre-
cautionary measures to be adopted, therefore, and the
necessary remedies and appliances to be employed, in the
cure of cholera, must be provided for, with a view to their
applicability to patient• in their own houses. With this
view, dispensaries should be opened within convenient
distances of each other, and in as many parts of the town
as will place one within an easy reach of all the inhabi-
tants resident in the different localities. At each of
these dispensaries, there should be stationed at least
two medical men, furnished with all the medicines, pre-
pared according to formulce, and ready for use, together
with the other remedies and appliances necessary for the
cure of a case of the disease. These medical men
should be prepared to attend, alternately, every call at a
moment's notice, and they should be furnished with the
means of conveying every requisite to the houses of the
patients as quickly as they can arrive themselves. These
requisites are, the proper medicines to be administered,
with a glass of spiced whisky, which may be used as a
substitute for brandy, to wash them down, and small
bags of hot sand, to apply round the bodies and extre-
mities of the patients. A man, with a hand-cart, can
convey these quickly to the places where they may be
required, and the bags of hot sand in the hand-cart may
be covered close with a blanket, to prevent the escape of
the heat. At each dispensary there should be deposited
a large quantity of fine sand, washed clean from all im-
" purities, or earthy particles. There should also be pro-
vide d, at each dispensary, a proper apparatus for ln at-
ing the sued, and a large quantity of it, while the disease
prevails, should be kept constantly hot, and ready for
use. Each dispensary should also be furnished with a
sufficient number of small woollen bags, of different
sizes, for holding the hot sand; and these, when re-
quired, should be filled, not more than about half full, so
as to allow the inclosed sand to spread, rnd to comply
closely with the inequalities of the different parts of the
body and extremities against which the bags are placed;
and the bags should be tied tight at the mouth, with
cords, which should be stitched to the bags. The sand•
bags should be of different sizes; as, for instance, the
soles of the feet would require larger bags to be placed
against them than would be required to be placed under the
armpits. When one patient is cured, the porter, with
the hand-cart (who should always keep in his book a re-
gular account of the number of bags delivered at each
house), should bring the bags back to the dispensary,
and empty the sand out of them into the common stock,
to be again ready for use when required. In this way,

not one life need be lost; and the expense would be very
trtfling indeed. It is remarkable how little medicine is
requited in th., treatment of cholera. If- taken in time
ai.d properly treated, the expense for medicine, on an
average, would not exceed a shilling a head for those
treated. Not ore in ten of those who apply in proper
time would require a second dose of medicine; unless it
were sotne mild aperient on the second or third day."

COURT CIRCULAR.
OSBORNE, WEDNESDAY.
The Queen and Prince Albert walked as usual in
the grounds about Osborne this morning.
The younger branches of the Royal Family took
their accustomed exercise. _

Lord George Lennox left Osborne this morning.

A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon, at
the Foreign-office. The Ministers present were—
Lord John Russell, the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of
Minto, Sir George Grey, Viscount Palmerston, Earl
Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of
Auckland, Sir John Robhouse, Lord Campbell, and
the Marquis of Clanricarde.
The Council sat t»•o hours.
The American Minister had an interview with the
Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official
residence in Downing-street.
Dr. Davy had an interview with Earl Grey yes-
terday, at the Colonial-office.
Baron de Goldsmid and da Palmeira had an inter-
view with Sir George Grey yesterday, at the Home-
office.

Sir John Pelley had an interview with Lord John
Russell yesterday at his official residence in Down-
ing-street.
The School of Design had a meeting yesterday, at
the office of the Board of Trade.
The Postmaster- General and Colonel Maberley had
an interview yesterday, with the Chancellor of the
Exchequer.

Dispatches were sent off yesterday evening from
the Colonial•office, for the Governor of Gibraltar.

SOUTHAMPTON-WEDNESDAY.
The American frigate St. Lawrence, 44, Captain
Hiram Paulding, now lying off this port, after taking on
board supplies and stores, will sail for Lisbon in a few
days to winter in the Tagus, returning here the begin-
' ning of April next, previous to a summer cruise to
Bremerhaven, the Baltic, and St. Petersburgh, for the
protection of the interests of the commerce of the
United States in the north of Europe, but more
particularly in reference to the new line of Ameri-
can ocean steamers between Germany, via South-
ampton and New York. On Monday morning the St.
Lawrence fired a national salute of 21 guns, in honour
of her arrival at Southampton, which was acknowledged
by a similar salute from the platform-battery. Yester-
day (Tuesday), at noon, the American colours were
hoisted half-mast on board the frigate, and 13 minute-
guns fired in memory of the decease of the late Commo-
dore Biddle, United States' Navy. Capt. Paulding has
very politely furnished us with the exact particulars of
the armament of his ship, which we subjoin for the inform-
ation of nautical readers, amongst whom considerable in-
terest is attached to the comparatively heavy artillery
on board American ships of war. Although the St.
Lawrence is rated as only a 44-gun ship, she has, in
fact, 50 guns actually mounted, and could on an emer-
gency carry 54 pieees of ordnance. The guns are thus
distributed :—On the main deck 30 guns—viz., 26 long
32-pounders of 9- feet, weighing 57 cwt. 2 qrs. each,
and four long 68-pounder Paixhan guns amidships, 9
feet long, and 63 cwt. 2 qrs. each; on the spar or upper
deck, 20 guns, of which 16 are 32-pounders, eight teet
long, and weighing 33 cwt. 2 qrs. each ; with four
68 pounders amidships 8i feet long, weighing 55 cwt.
each. Total weight of guns, 125 tons 5 cwt. The St.
Lawrence was built at Norfolk, Virginia, and was seven-
teen years on the stocks; she is 195 feet in length and
48 beam, draws 21 aft and 19 feet forward. The Mayor
and Corporation of Southampton have invited Captain
Paulding and the officers of the frigate to a grand enter-
tainment at the Guildhall on the 12th instant, which
will be returned by a banquet on board the frigate.
The authorities have evinced every disposition to show
politeness and attention to the American officers, in
consequence of the extensive intercourse and commerce
which has been newly developed by steam communica-
tion between this port and the United States: The
Ocean Steam Navigation Company's ship Washington,
Captain J. Johnston, jun., after landing her mails,
cargo, and specie from New York, sailed this afternoon
at two o'clock for Bremen. His Excellency Baron de
Gerolt (late Prussian Ambassador to the United States)
and suite are passengers by the Washington to Bremen.
During the stay of his Excellency at Southampton he
was entertained by Mr. Croskey, the American Consul,
and afterwards visited the St. Lawrence, accompanied
by the Consul in his yacht, the Annexation. Upon
leaving the frigate a salute of nineteen guns was fired.
Tho Atalanta steamer sailed this afternoon with the
mails for Havre from New York, brought by the Wash.
ington; also about 80,000 dolls. in specie, also from Now
York.
The Paella sails to-morrow for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon,
Cadiz, and Gibraltar.