biglam/hmd_newspapers huggingface dataset:
The Sun.
London, England, 1841-03-31

THE FUNDS,

The important intelligence published this morning in a
morning journal of sixteen broad pendants, six of which were
douhle-banked French frigates, at anchor at Martinique, has
not hail at present any effect on the British Funds.
Consols opened this morning at the leaving off prices of yes-
terday, BSi 89 for the Account ; Money 88/ with little
doing at present, owing to the speculators anxiously waiting th:t
arrival of the two steamers overdue irom America. Exchequer
Bills 6 7 prem.
In the Foreign Market Spanish Active 22i 23k ; Deferred
12*; Passive 54 4; Portugues 34 33 ; Three per Cents. 19A
20 ; Brazilian 71 72 ; Coloaibian 22i ; Mexican 294 30
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 50i ; Five per Cents.
994 100*.
SHARES.—Great Western 24 25 prem. ; New 11 j 12i
prem. ; London and Brighton 5/ dis. ; Blackwall 656 dis. ;
Birmingham 62 64 prem. ; Southampton 511- 554 per share ;
Croydon 124 13 per sh re ; GreenWich 7/ Si per share ;
Manchester and Birmingham 16 15 discount.

PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE.
RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share.
Birmingham and Gloucester 100
London andßrighton so— 44i to

Lond)n and Soiith Western 384 55E.1-
London, England, 1841-03-31

LITERATURE.

SOME INQUIRIES INTO THE EFFECTS
OF FERMENTED LIQUORS.
Simpkin, London, 1841.

The author of tnis pamphlet, the first edition
of which was published nearly thirty years ago,
Mr. Basil, Montagu, who assures us in his
title-page that he is a water-drinker ; and, by
way Of appropriate frontispiece, embellishes
his work with a small vignette, representing
a goblet, out of which springs un a shower
of cold water, the very sight of which
:s enough to give one the cholic. We
perused Mr. iNfontagu's pamphlet with some at-
tention, but cannot say that we have been much
edified by it, though we will acknowledge that it is
put together with considerable tact, and that the
iireffice contains some ingenious and forcible rea-
soning. The author is not merely an advocate for
moderation in the use of fermented liquors, but
insists on the necessity of total abstinence, and
brings forward a lost of medical authorities
for the purpose of showing that the juice
the grape is little better than poison.
We do not hold with this sweeping. dogma,
but, on the contrary, we are persuaded that wine,
if not indulged in to an undue extent, is favour-
able to health and longevity—always supposing it
be not that composition of ink, vitriol, and sloe-
Mice, which goes by the name of tavern-port, and
is apt to be quaffed in large quantities by patriots at
:iublic dinners. At any rate, if wine be a poison,
it must be an uncommonly slow one, for it was
::earl`' ninety years killing the celebrated Cap-
tain Morris, one of the most ardent votaries of
.Bacchus that modern times have known.

MORA.'
Saunders and Otley, London, 1841.
There is some sweet ve rsitication in this poem,
;nit we fear it is not one calculated to excite at-
tention in the present day, when the reading
public turn a deaf ear to the strains of the poet,
" heed not the song of the charmer, charm
!ie never so wisely." 'Thirty years ago " Mora"
might have found many admirers; but now, it
has fitllen on evil days, and must consequently
-;..)0a pass into oblivion.
London, England, 1841-03-31

Just published, in royal 18mo., cloth, price 31. ; and sent in
Town or Country free, by post, 3s. 6g.,
MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE-
MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for
ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to these suf-
fering from the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habits, or Infection ; followed by Observations on the
TREATMENT of SYPHILIS, GONORRHEA, GLEET,
&c. Illustrated with Cases, &c.
By J. L. CURTIS and COMPANY,
Consulting Surgeons, London.
Published by the Authors, and sold by Ralliere, Medical
Bookseller, 219, Regent-street; 59, Pall Mall; Szange, 21,
Paternoster-row; Pattie, 4, Brydges-street, Strand; 8,
D'Olier-street, Dublin; Duncan High-street, Edinburgh;
and to be had of all Booksellers.
The Work which is now presented to the public is the result
of very extended experience in a class of diseases and affec-
tions, which for some unaccountable reason have been either
altogether overlooked, or treated with apathy, and almost in-
difference, by the oi dinary practitioner. To enter into the
details of these aflectlons, to point out their causes, and ,to
mark the terrific consequences, social, moral, and physical,
which are sure to follow from indulgence, in certain habits,
would be entirely out of place in an advertisement. We have
no hesitation, however, in saying that there is no member of
society, by whom the book will not be found interesting, whe-
ther we consider such person to hold the relation of a PA-
RENT, a PRECEPTOR. or a CLERGYMAN.
Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their
residence, No. 7, Frith-street, Soho, from Ten till Three, and
Five ill Eight in the Evening; and Country Patients aro re-
quested to be as minnte as possible in the detail of their eases,
—as to the duration of the complaint, the symptoms, age, ge-
neral habits of living, and occupation in life of the party ; the
communication must be accompanied by the " usual Consulta-
tion Fee of 11.," without which no notice whatever can be
taken of their application ; and in all cases, the most inviolable
secrecy may be relied en.
Seven doors from Soho-square.
London, England, 1841-05-04

This day, in 3 vnls: ytost Bvo.,
THE SECOND EDITION OF
CONFESSIONS OF A THUG.
By Captain MEADOWS TAYLOR,
Of the Service of his Highness the Nizam,
Author of " Tippoo Sultaun."
" The rich colotp:',ng of Oriental life, the varied manners of
the mixed of India, joined to a very striking power
of local demr-Aption, give a charm to this tale ; and the sombre
history of the miscreants, whose cruelty and artifice is drawn
from eldi life, is relieved by touches of singular truth and pa-
,thos,"—The Times.

Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
*„*. To be had at all the Libraries.

Now ready, in One Volume, royal 18mo., price 4s. 6d. cloth
FOUR. LECTURES ON SPIRITUAL
CHRISTIANITY. delivered at the Hanover-squire
Rooms (March, 1841). by ISAAC T ‘YLOR, Esq., Author
of " Ancient Christianity, and the Doctrines of the Oxfoi d
Tracts for the 1 imcs."

London : Jackson and Walford, 18, St. Paul's Churchyard,

This day is published,
BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW,
NO. XXIII.

I. Russia—her Commerci .1 Position and Prospects.
2. Anglo-Saxon Laws and Institutes.
3. Finance—The Sinking Fund.
4. Phrenology—Combo's Constitution of Man.
5. Poems by Rev. R. C. Trench.
6. The Lyric Drama.
7. Bojardo, and his Editors.
8. The Appellate Courts of the British Empire.
London R. and J. E. Taylor, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street.

No. 111., price One Shilling. As much first-rate Music for
Is., as would cost, in any other way, the sum of 15s.
HE PIANO (MAY) ; or, Cabinet of
Vocal and Instrumental Music, arranged for the Piano
forte by an eminent Professor. Contents:-1. Ave Maria
Quadrilles, composed by Jullien, and performed at Musard's
Concerts.-2. The Furioso Galop, by Labitzki.-3. Sweetly
rides my Gondolier, an origit al Song, by J. Long.-4.
Cuckoo Waltz, Concerts D'hte, by Frisch.-5. Steibelt's cele-
brated German Dance.-6. Morning,, from the Creation, by
Haydn.-7. My beautiful Rhine, as sung by Mrs. Honey.-8.
La Tarantella, as performed at the Concerts D'Ete, arranged
by Phipps.

Publi;thed by Duncombe and Co., 10, Middle-row, Holborn;
C. Williams, Milson-street, Bath; Sutherland, Edinburgh ;
Lincock, Maidstone, and all other Booksellers.
*** Observe, 12 pages, in each Number.

Just published, price •?s. 6d.
A. PRACTICAL ESSAY on the DEBILI-
TIES of the GENERATIVE SYSTEM, their Va•
rieties, Causes; Treatment, and Cure.
By a M EMPAR of the ROYAL COLLEGE of SURGEONS,
I.,ndon, and Surgeon to a Metropolitan Infirmary.
"lam impotent, and not fit 14 live,"—Last's Records of I,
SuiCide.

Sold by Onschyn, Catherine-street, Strand; Ross and
Nightingale, Liverpool ; Barlow, Birmingham ; and all Book-
sellers in Town and Country:
N.B. Persons in the Country may have this work forwarded
by post (free), upon addressing either of the above Booksellers,
and inclosing a remittance of 14.
London, England, 1841-05-04

COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, MAY 3.

In consequence of its having been announced that the Earl
of Waldegrave and Captain Duff were to be brought up for
judgment this morning, every avenue to the Court was
crowded long before 10 o'cloi.k. Immediately the doors were
opened, the Court was completely crammed, and many barristers
who had arrived late were unable to obtain admission.
The officers of the Court, however, on this as on every occa-
sion, did their utmost to afford every accommodation arid
assistance to the press. On our admission we found the Earl
of Waldegrave and Captain Duff sitting in the place usually
occupied by the solicitors. The noble defendant presented a
very youthful appearance, looking scarcely older than a school-
boy. The gallant delendant, who was seated by his side, ap-
peared considerably his Lordship's senior.
The Judges tool•. their seats on the bench at 10 o'clock, and
the first ease called on w as
London, England, 1841-05-04

This day, in 3 vols. post evo.,
THE SECOND EDITION OF
CONFESSIONS OF
By Captain AIEADOIi: A THUG.
S TAYLOR, •
Of the Service of h;•-
.., Highness! the Nizam,
Author of
Tippoe `,.uitaun "
" The rich colourin-• of °mita'. life, the varied manners of
the mixed populaty,,, of pacia,
joined to a very striking power
of local desT•ir•#4oo.
EiVe a charm to this tale ; and the sombre
history of ;he wiso'aatits, whose cruelty and artifice is drawn
from the life, is, relieved by touches of singular truth and pa-
thoss%—ThP Times.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
* * To be had at all the Libraries.
4

DAVIES'S CANDLES, 6d. per lb. ; Wax
Candles, is. 2d. ; Fine Wax, Is. sd. ; Extra-fine
Alaulds, Waxed Wicks, ; Composite, Is., Transparent
wax, Is. 9d. ; Ge fins Sperm, Is 9d. ; Genuine Wax,
2s. Id. ; Yellow Soap, 465., 545., and 60s. per 1121bs. ;
Mottled, 625. and 665. ; Windsor and Palm, Is. 4d. per pac-
ket ; Old Brown Windsor Soap, Is. 9d. ; Rose, 2s. Od.: Al-
mond, 2s. 6d. ; Sealing Wax, 4s. 6d per lb. ; Sperm Oil,
9s. Od. per Gallon ; Solar Oil, 3s.
For Cash, at DAVIES'S Old-Established Warehouse, 63,
St. Martin's-lane, opposite New Slaughter's Coffee-House.

This day, in 3 vols. post Bvo.,
IRELAND: SOCIAL. PouricAL, and
RELIGIOUS‘
By GUSTAVE DE BEUAMONT.
I'..clited by W. C. TAYLOR, LL.D , of Trinity College, Dublin.
" Of all the works on the state CS Ireland which we have
ever seen, M. de Beaumont's is incomparably the best, in ,ss hat-
ever view we regard it, tvery page excites our wonder. If
Ireland be now the school of our statesmen, this must be their
manual for years to tome."—Atlas.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
(Publisher in Ordinary to her Alajesty.)
London, England, 1841-05-04

DR. HOLMES, late of MARGARET-STREET, CAVEN-
DISH-SQUARE, has REMOVED to 15, MADDOX-
STREET, REGENT-STREET.
Second Edition, price 55.,

ATREATISE on CON MPTION,
ASTHMA, RHEUMATIC AFFECTIONS of the

CHEST and HEART, HOOPINGXOUGH,
By Dr. HOLMES,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London.
" His discovery and treatment of these Diseases is most ex .
tensively beneficial."—Times.
By the same Author,
OBSERVATIONS on DISEASES INCIDENT to
FEMALES.—See Transactions of the Society of Arts for
1826 and 1828.
London: Holdsworth, Paternoster-row.
London, England, 1841-05-04

No. 1 5,1

ROYAL ACADEMY, TRAFALGAR-
SQUAB E.
The EXHIEITDS of the ROYAL ACADEMY is NOW

OPEN.
Admission (from Eight o'clock till Seven, One Shilling.
Catalogue, One Shilling.
HENRY HOWARD,'R.A., SP'

7.4fetar:

THE SEVENTH ANNI_T
TION of the NEW SOCT: L EXHIBI-
:,TY of PAINTLRS in
WATER COLOURS, (FIFT7.;
next the British Institutiop.); -1-IBEE, PALL MALL,
is NOW OPEN from Nine
o'clock till Dusk.

Admi:dsion, Is. Catalogue, 6d.
JAMES FAIIEY, lion. Secretary.

PUBLICATIONS.

CORN-LAWS.—No; ready, pric 3s. 61
I.TTISTORICALSUMNIARYattreeMIN
LAWS, Illustrative of the Oepriadh of the Several
Statutt s, by HENRY THORNTON, ofthe Office of Inspector
General of Imparts and Exports, Ottitom.house, London.
2. The EARL FITZWILIAWS THREE ADDRESSES
to LANDOWNERS, Is. dd.

3. LORD WESTERN on the MAINTENANCE of the
CORN-LAWS, Is.
4. The EARL OP TYRCONNEL'S ADDRESS to the
PEOPLE ou 6,3 CORN-LAWS, Is,
James Ridgway, IL'ieeadilly.

This day is published in Bvo., price 2s. 6d.,
PART I. of

THE HISTORY of the 6tITISH ENIPIRE
IN INDIA.

By EDWARD THORNTON t sq.,
Author of " India, its State and Prnspects,' &c., &c.
This work, prepared from the moat authentic sources of in-
formation, will be completed itt about Twenty Monthly Parts.
An impression will also appear in royal Svo., on superior paper,
price 3s. 63. each Part,
London : W. P.. Allen and Co.. Leadenhall-street.
London, England, 1841-05-04

STEAM SHIPS,

'THE GENERAL STEAM NAVIGA-
AL_ TION COMPANY'S splendid and powerful first-claws
STEAM SHIPS are appointed to sail for—
EDINBURGH, from Brunswick-wharf, Blackwall, every
Saturday night, and every alternate Wednesday night, at Ten.
The LEITH, To-Morrow Evening; the MONARCH, Sa-
tu•dav ; and the CLARENCE, Saturday, Mayls.
NEWCASTLE, from Downes's-wharf, every Wednesday and
Saturday Evening, at Eight. The ATTWOOD, Wednesday;
the LONDON MERCHANT on Saturday.
SUNDER LAND,from Downes's-wharf. The TOURIST.
every Tueulay, at Seven Evening.
IPSWICH, from London-bridge Wharf. The ALBION
every Wednesday and Saturday morning, at Eight.
YARMOUTH, from London bridge-wharf. The RAMONA,
every Saturday Evening, at Si;.
RAMSGATE—The FAME, Saturday, the 15th of May.
To seeure berths, and for all information, apply at the Offices
of the Company, 69, Lombard-street; 37, Regent-circus; and
35, Leadenhall-street.

Small Packages and Parcels are received at the Offices, and
heavy Goods at the respective Wharfs.

IMPORTANT TO
riIHE STAWP RE'
1 that THE WEEKLY
week a number more than gigue
4 Examiners, or 1
5 St. James's Chronicles, or
4 Spectators, or
5 Mark Lane Expresses, or
4 Watchmen, or
5i John Bulls, or
Observers, or
5i Eras, or
6 Globes, or
6 Standards, or
7 Records, or
7 Patriots, or

ADVERTISERS.

TURNS for 1840 prove
CHRONICLE publishes every

7 True Suns, or
Britannias, or
8 Bell's New Messengers, or
9 Arguses, or •
9 Evening Mails, or
9 Atlases, or
10 Planets, or
13 Ages, or
_ _ _

s.
16 Shipping Gazettes, or
16 Evening Chronicles, or
29 Couriers, or
32 EneLsb Chronicles.
isers is therefore obvious.

The advantage to Advert
Office, 337, Strand.

DAVIES'S CANDLES, 6d. per lb.; Wax
Candles, Is. 2d. ; Fine 'Wax, Is. sd. ; Extra-fine
Moulds, Waxed Wicks, 7&d. ; Composite, Is., Transparent
Wax, Is. 9d. ; Ge nine Sperm, Is. 9d. ; Genuine Wax,
2s. Id. ; Yellow Soap, 465., 545., and 60s. per 1121bs. ;
Mottled, 625. and 665. ; Windsor and Palm. Is. 4d. per pac-
ket; Old Brown Windsor Soap, is. 9d. ;. Rose, 2s. Od.: Al-
mond, 2s. 6d. ; Sealing Wax, 4s. 6d per lb. ; Sperm Oil,
93. Od. per Gallon; Solar Oil, 3s.
For Cash, at DAVIES'S Old-Established Warehouse, 63',
St. Martin's-lane, opposite New Slaughter's Coflee-House.
London, England, 1841-05-04

SHEFFIELD PLATE.

VM. HORTON and CO., late AVERY,
• 36, Ludgate-street, St. Paul's, now offer to the
Poblic their STOCK of superior genuine SHEFFIELD
PLATE at the manufacturers' prices, subject to 10 per cent. off
the same. The stock embraces every article weful and orna-
mental, awl of the most elegant and tasty modern designs.
splendid Tea and Coffee Sets, Ice-pails, Dish-cover., and
Corner-dishes, Silver and Plated Dessert-knives and Forks in
sets, in great variety, and every article plated on steel, as also
on German silver ; Rodgers and Son's Table. Cutlery ; Co-
loured Wine and Spirit Bottles, splendidly silver mounted,
only 12s. 6d. each.
London, England, 1841-05-04

Just published, in royal lBmo., cloth, price 3s. , and sent in
Town or Country free, by post, 3s. 6d.,
MANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PRE-
MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for
ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to these suf-
fering fr.m the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habits, or Infection ; followed by Observations on the
TREATMENT of SYPHILIS, GONORRHEA, GLEET,
&c. Illustrated with Cases, &c.

By J. L. CURTIS and COMPANY,
Consulting Surgeons, London.

published by the Authors, and sold bey Ralliere, Medics.
Bookseller, 219, Regent-street ; 59, Pall Mall ; S,range, 21,
Paternoster-row; Pattie, 4, Brydges-street, Strand; 8,
D'Olier-street, Dublin; Duncan ,114, High-street, Edinburgh;
and to be had of all Booksellers.

The Work which is now presented to the public is the result
of very extended experience in a class of diseases and affec-
tioh.s, which for some unaccountable reason have Leen either
altogether overlooked, or treated with apathy, and almost in-
difference, by the e• dinary practitioner. To enter into the
details of these affections, to point out their causes, and to
mark the terrific consequences, social, moral, and physical,
which are sure to follow from indulgence, in certain habits,
would be entirely out of place in an advertisement. We have
no hesitation, however, in saying that there is no member of
society, by whom the book will not be found interesting, whe-
ther we consider such person to hold the relation of a PA-
RENT, a PRECEPTOR. or a CLERGYMAN.

Messrs. CURTIS and CO. are to be consulted daily at their
residence, No. 7, Frith-street, Soho, from Teo till Three, and
Five till Eight in the Evening; and Country Patients are re-
quested to be as minnte as possible in the detail of their cases,
—as to the duration of the complaint, the symptoms, age, ge-
neral habits of living, and occupation in life of the party ; the
communication mos* he accompanied by the " usual Consulta-
tion Fee of 1/.," without which no notice whatever can he
taken of their application ; and in all cases, the most inviolable
secrecy may he relied on.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Cutting.

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"..---
€----7:7-
.7 1-1----__-_-_--- --",,
......--::-.......,,,
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.....:- 'r_.,•1",..:"..;.-,,--- -_-;.'13-1,1,--4-4,-, -c-.'

The cuttings on the Great Western Railway are about 10,000,000
cubic yards, the proportion of cutting for the Southampton Rail-
way about 200,000 yards per mile, for the London and Birmingham
110,000, for the Liverpool and Manchester 100,000, and for the
Great Western 80,000 per mile. The slopes of the side of a cutting
must be so inclined that the top of the cutting, by the action of
the weather, or any other cause, will not fall to the bottom. In
bard or stony soils the cutting may be almost perpendicular, but
one of height to one of breadth is the common slope, and if the
soil is very light, then three to one. In keeping the level, if it is
necessary to rise above the surface, or to cross valleys, a viaduct,
bridge, or embankment is made.

Section of an Embankment.

. .

s,„ • •
R 7

Ar•

A skilful engineer, in choosing the direction of the Railway,
always endeavours to make the quantity of the cuttings, and the
amount of earth required for the embankments equal. According
to the nature of the soil, so is the inclination of the slopes of the
embankment. Upon the South Western Railway there is an
embankment formed of chalk, 80 to 100 feet high.
The earthworks being completed, the rails are laid down. The
;runner of laying the rails diffttrs according to the nature of the
works or soil, on excavations and small embankments. Where
there is a greater tenacity of the soil, blocks of stone, 2 feet square
and 1 foot deep, are sunk, into which iron chairs are fastened
by oaken wedges or plugs, driven into two holes drilled into the
block.
London, England, 1841-07-09

STATIONS.

Ullotborpe, principal station, distance from Rugby 71 'miles.
from Derby 4IZ ; from Nottingham 39j miles, from London 91A
miles.

Broughton, Loughborrow, P.
Wigston, Kegworth,
Leicester, T. Sawley,
Systan, Borrowash,
Sileby, ' Spondon,
Bartow, Derby, P.
Nottingham Branch.
Long Eaton, Nottingham, P.
Beeston,

Newcastle and Carlisle Stailway.

This line was incorporated by an Act, which received the Royal
Assent on the 22d of May, 1829, A second Act was obtained in
1832, a third in 1835, and a fourth in 1838. The capital autho-
rized to be raised by these Acts, is 750,0001. Number of shares,
6,000, of 1001. The line was partially opened in 1838, and com-
pleted and opened to the public on the anniversary of the Battle of
Waterloo, in 1839, the works occupying nine years for their ex.
ecution. This line, when completed to Maryport, will run across
the northern isthmus of England, and connect the Irish sea with
the North sea; it will form one of the principal arms on the great
line of communication between England and the cities of Edin.
burgh and Glasgow. The Commission appointed by Government
have lately reported upon the coastline to Scotland, and the Newcastle
and Carl:,le Railway forms a part of their plan. The gage of the
way is 4 feet 81/2 inches, and there are two tunnels, and several
very well built viaducts, particularly those of Weatherall, Corby, and
one over the River Gelt. The cutting through the Cowran Hills
is an eternal memorial of the skill of Mr. Blackmore, the engi-
neer. It was intended that the tunnel should have been carried
through this ground, but the nature of the soil, consisting of clay
and soft sand, compelled the engineers to make an open cutting.
The Railway runs through some very beautiful scenery, and is 61
miles 67 chains altogether. There is a branch to Redheugh to
join the Brandling Junction, and an extensive line to the canal
basin at Carlisle.
London, England, 1841-07-09

FROM YORK TO DARLINGTON.

6 0 A.M.—Bringing Passengers from York.
7 20 A.3l.—(Mail), bringing Passengers from London; Lei-
ces. er, Derby, and Sheffield.
9 35 A .I‘r.—Bringing Passengers from Manchester, Leeds,
Selby, and Hull.
2 30 r. M. —Bringing Passengers from Birmingham, Not-
tingham, Derby, Sheffield, Manchester, Leeds,
Selby, and Hull.
6 0 r. m. —Bringing Passengers from Lcndon, Birmingham,
Derby, Sheffield, Manchester, Leeds, S.lby,
and Hull. •

CARE iT 3VkSrrERN.
DOWN TRAINS
LEAVE PADDINGTON STATION, FOR.

BRIDGEWATER. BATA AN!)
8 0 A.M. 8 0

10 0 A.M.

10 0
London, England, 1841-07-09

Manchester and Eirminghan Railway.

The people of Manchester have been much dissatisfied with the
circuitous route they have hitherto made from Birmingham to
their city, and hence two lines of railway were projected, the
South Union, and the Manchester, Cheshire, and Stafford.
shire Railway, both of which effected a great saving of time and
distance. There was great opposition to both lines before the
House of Commons, which ended by an adoption of a part of the
line of both Companies. The Act of Incorporation passed on the
30th of June, 1837; the capital is 2,800,0001., and there are 30,000
shares of 701. each. The railway runs from Stone-street, Mae.
chestcr, to Stockport, Cheadle, Wilmislow, and Sandbach, to the
Grand Junction Railway at Crewe. The Macclesfield branch leaves
the line neat Cheadle, and is II miles in length. There is a'very
fine viaduct over the Mersey at Stockport, its length is 2,179 feet,
and it is elevated 106 feet above the surface of the water. The
gage of the railway is 4 feet 9 inches ; the engineers are Messrs.
Rastrick and Stephenson.

STATIONS.
Rushford

Manch ester

Stockport

Manchester and Leeds Railway.

This important Railway is the connecting line of the great ma.
nufacturing towns of the North ; joined to the Liverpool line it
enables the woollen fabrics to be conveyed to all parts of the
Western Hemisphere, and joined to the Selby and Hull line it com-
municates with the ports of Northern and Eastern Europe, The
importance of such a line of communication has long been known,
but the difficulties presented by the nature of the country, rendered
it necessary that the great experiment of Railway-snaking should
have succeeded, and that the engineers should have attained consider-
able knowledge, before they grappled with the natural obstacles the
face of the country and the nature of the substrata presented. The
Morton and Horbury cuttings, and the Burnley Valley embank-
ment, containing 364,000 cubic yards, are fine examples of engi-
neering skill ; there are 116 bridges, which, together with the
viaducts and retaining walls, contain 5,319,000 cubic feet of
masonry and brickwork ; there are also eight tunnels, cut through
most difficult strata. The length of the line is 50 miles ; the
number of shares is 26,000, half in 1001. shares, and half in 501.
shares; the capital 1,733,0001., but the sum received by the Com-
pany, including mortgages and bonds, is 2,599,0001.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Arbroath and Forfar Railway.

Incorporated by Act of Parliament May 19, 1836 ; capital 120,0001.
The Railway was opened throughout with a single line of rail on
Jan 3, 1839. The length of the line is 15 14 miles; the gage sft.
fin. The annual revenue is at this time 10,0001., and the expen-
diture 5,2001., profit 4,8001. The annual number of passengers is
about 118,000, and the weight of mercbandize 55,000 tons: There
are six stations, besides the two termini.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Midland Counties Railway

Commences at Rigby, in Warwickshire, at the Birmingham Rail-
way, 834 miles from London, and runs in a line to Nottingham
and to Derby, where it is joined to the North Midland Railway.
The length of the line to Derby is 484 miles, and the Nottingham
branch 7 miles 16 chains. The Act of incorporation was ob_
tained.on June 21, 1826, a second Act in 1838, and a third Act in
1840. The capital authorised to be raised by these Acts is
1,333,3311, the number of Shares is 10,000. of 1001., and.
10,000 of 251. each. The line was opened with a single line of rails
from Derby to Nottingham, on the 4th of July, 1839, and the line
was completed throughout and opened to the pubic on July 1,
1840. The gage is the sane as the London. and. Birmingham.
This line of Railway, from the amount of works, bridges, viaducts,
and tunnels, has been very costly; amounting to nearly 29,000/.
per mile. There are 148 bridges over and under the line, three
tunnels, and seven viaducts.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Formation of the Eailway.

In laying out a line of Railway, the engineer chooses a certain
standard of height, so as to enable the Railway either gradually to
rise to the highest point of the country, or to sink to the lowest
point of depression. The highest point is called the summit level,
And the whole course of ascent and descent the gradient. As the
line is to be nearly level, it is necessary in passing through the irregu-
lar surfaces of the country, if the line of the rail is to be below the
original surface, to dig a cutting.

Section of a Cutting before the Excavation.

• *.*:t
N
London, England, 1841-07-09

Dundee and Arbroath Railway

Commences at Trades'-lane, Dundee, and terminates at the Arbroath
station, near the Harbour, which joins the Arbroath and Forfar
Radw.ty, the length ofthe line is 16 miles 50 chains, and the capital
140,0001., which was obtained under an Act of Parliament dated
May 19, 1830. The gage adopted upon this Railway is what is
called the Scotch gage, and is 51t. Gin, broad. There are at pre-
sent four locomotive engines upon this line, and the steam instead
of uselessly blowing away is carried into the tank of the tender to
raise the temperature of the water. The stations are—

Dundee
Broughty Ferry
Monifieth

Carnoustie
East Haven
Arbroath

Dundee and Newtyle Railway

Derives all its powers from three Acts of Parliament—the first
passed the 26th of May, 1826, and its total capital is 70,0001.; the
line is worked partly by fixed engines, and partly by locomotives.
The way runs for two.thirds of its distance through the lands of Lords
Airlie and Wharncliflb, and the returns of traffic upon the Railway
demonstrate how much travelling is increased by speedy and cheap
communication ; before the construction of this Railway one stage.
coach only passed through the country thrice a week ; but now the
Railway trains pass up and down four times each way daily in
the summer, and three times daily in the winter, and the annual
number of passengers carried is more than 60,000. This Railway
is much used by the labouring classes ; the larger proportion of
passengers are of this class. It has done much good to the district,
as it connects the fertile valley of Strathmore with the port of
Dundee; but hithetto no dividend has been paid to the sharehol-
ders. The Government duty weighs heavily upon this Railway,
as the tax of 12i per cent. upon all moneys riceived for passengers
has absutbed alt the profits of the Railway. The fares between
Dundee and Newtyle are Is., Is. 3d., and Is. 6d. There are two
branches running out of this Railway, one from Newtyle to Cu_
par Angus, 5i miles in length ; and one from Newtyle to Glamniis,
7 miles in length.
London, England, 1841-07-09

STATIONS.

Miles front Birmhm. Mites from Birmhm.
Perry Bar
Newton Road 6lll Basford
Bescott Bridge, 9ll Crewe . 533
James's Bridge - 55.
Willen Hatt.
Wolverhampton l4 Winsford 6l
Four Ashes ... 193 Hartford
Spread Eagle 2ll' Acton ... . 6B
Penkridge 23i Preston Brook 721
Stafford 29 Moore 743
Bridgeford .................22i Warrington. 773
Norton Bridge.... ...... ... 343( . Winwick ....... BBl
Whitmore 43 Newton - 821
London, England, 1841-07-09

..„
6 ed.
,!.

The cuts are sections of three kines of rails, and their fastening
in large and light embankments. Where an equality of resistance
must be obtained, the line is laid upon bearers of wood called sle:l3-
ers. These sleepers are generally prepared by Kyan's process. The
iron chair is a pyramidical hlrck-with a flat bottom, and a hole at
each side to fit it to the block or sleeper, in the upper part is a cleft
to receive the rail, and hold it by means of a wedge upon the chairs.
The rails are placed generally at every four feet ; upon some lines
of railway, piles are driven to strengthen the way. The annexed
smut shows a section of railway with sleepers and piles.

The way being now completed, we come to

The Locomotive.

High pressure engines were one of the earliest forms of the
steam engine. This engine is obscurely mentioned in the Mar-
quis of Worcester's " Century of Inventions." Newcomen, in
1705, applied the working beam, cylinders, and piston, to the at-
mospheric engine; and Leopold, in 1721, combined the working
beam and cylinder with the high pressure principle, and produced
the earliest high pressure engine worked by a cylinder and piston.
James Watt reconstructed, and it may be said almost re-invented the
steam engine. In 1803 Messrs. Trevethick anti Vivian constructed
the first non-condensing engine, applied to a machine for moving
carriages on railroads, and the experiment was successfully tried
upon the Merthyr Tydvil tramroad in 1811. Mr. Blenkinsop, of
Middleton Co:liery, near Leeds, obtained a patent for an improve-
ment in locomotive engines, applied to a rail with a rack, into
which the teeth of the wheels of the engine fitted like those of a
cog.whecl. In 1812 Messrs. Chipman obtained a patent for work.
ing a locomotive engine by a chain extending along the middle of
the lice of railroad. In 1813 an addition wrs made to the engine,
consisting of a pair of mechanical legs and feet, which were made
to walk and propel in a manner resembling the feet of an animal.
In 1814 Mr. Stephenson built an engine at Killingsworth, which

was a great advance in the manufacture. From that period until
the year 1830—although the locomotive was much improved—yet
the chief careof the engineers was to construct their engines so as
to draw heavy goods at the rate of four or five miles per hour, and
the Directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway d d not an-
ticipate a speed of more than ten miles an hour—but the eompati.
tion for the premium of 5001., produced the Rocket of Mr. Robert
Stevenson, the Novelty by Messrs. Braithwaite and Ecrissa, and
the Sanepareil by Mr. Harkworth ; theprize was gained by the
Ithret , which was propelled at the rate of twenty-nine miles per
, and from this time a new era in the construction of loco.
motive! engines has commenced. Th the high pressuie , • e tJ•ligancs generally, are tenon
and weigh about 12 tons, y
we the run upon four or six wheels,
'end with a tender carrying fuel, and

(11.1,1111
•
,I!. , 1.1 I
Z--;_t • A

A A Piles, B sleeper.
The rails having been laid, the line is ballasted up to the proper
height.
London, England, 1841-07-09

London and Croydon Railway.

Commences at Corbet's-lane, Rotherhithe, where it joins the
London and Greenwich line ; and terminates at Croydon near the
ninth mile stone from London. The Act incorporating the Corn.
pany was obtained on the 12th of June, 183(1. This Railway for
the greater part of its length runs in the bed of the Croydon Canal,
which was purchased and drained by the Railway Directors, but
the curvature of the canal rendered a departure from its entire
course imperative. The engineering work is of the best kind, and
has been, by Mr. Gibbs, the engineer, most skilfully executed. The
principal cutting is at New Cross, the quantity of earth removed from
this spot amounting to half a million cubic yards. This Railway
has been adopted by the Brighton Railway Company as a part of
their line, and the gradients and curves originally projected by
Mr. Gibbs, were altered to suit the level of the Brighton line. The
bridges are all neat and well constructed, and no line in the king.
dom can boast of neater or more commodious buildings as stations.
The gage of the Railwey is 4 feet Si inches, the rails are laid in a
novel way; they are, like the lines of the Great Western Railway,
laid upon continuous bearings of wood, but they are not attached to
piles, but simply imbedded on the ballast of the way.
The rails are formed with flanges, by which they are screwed to
the bearers at equal distances. This improved method of laying
the rails has lessened the noise generally attendant upon the motion
of the trains, and also produced a steady and hardly perceptible
vibration. This Railway runs through a most beautiful country ;
and for one shilling the citizen may enjoy some of the loveliest
scenery in England, and be placed within one mile distance
of some of our early buildings, and our best public collections of pic-
tures. Dulwich Gallery is 1# mile from the Dartmouth Arms
station, and tickets may be obtained, gratis, at the principal print.
publishers in Londen, admitting parties to see the fine collection
of paintings of the old masters. Beulah Si.a is one mile from the
Norwood station. The grounds are very well laid out, and there
is a mineral spring, strongly impregnated with sulphate of mag-
nesia. The grounds are not open on Sundays. At the terminus at
Croydon, there are the remains of the Archiepiscopal Palace and
the Church, within which are the monuments of several Arch-
oisheps. A short stay at Mitcham, Met ten, Carshalton, and Bed.
dington, will amply repay the visitor "for his excursion.

no capital of the Coinpany is 585,000/. The stations are
Tooley-street Annerley
New-cross Norwood
Dartmouth Arms Jolly Sailor
Sydenham Croydon
Pcnge
London, England, 1841-07-09

Court—fashionable.

The Queen of Hanover was born in the same Palace
as that in which she yielded her breath. ,
Lady Pigott, . widow of the late Attorney-General,
died on Sunday, in her 90th year.
A Dutch Paper states that the Falconry at the Loo,
superintended by Prince Alexander, goes on excellently.
The falcons have already caught 194 herons, 101 of
'which are uninjured by the capture.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Eirminghain and Derby Junction

Is one of the lines that complete the communication between Lon-
don and the northern counties. The Railway runs out of the Lon.
don and Birmingham Railway at Hampton-in Arden, and is con-
nected with the North Midland Railway at Derby. This Company
was incorporated on the 19th of May, 1836, and it has obtained
three auxiliary Acts of Parliament subsequently. Its length is
38 miles 6 furlongs 8 chains. The gage, carriages, &c., are
the same as the London and Birmingham Railway. This
Company is abundantly supplied with coal from the Derbyshire
coal-field. The Anker viaduct is a beautiful stone structure ; it con..
sists of nineteen segmental arches, eighteen of 30 feet square span,
with a rise of 7 feet six inches, and an oblique arch, 60 feet on the
face, with a rise of 12 feet, the total length being 807 feet. The
Croxhall viaduct, built of wood, carries the railway over the rivers
Tame and Trent; its total length is 1,310 feet. The Stations
arc—

Hamptrn.in-Arden—the junction with the London and
Birmingham linc—(P)
Tamworth (P)
Coleshill
Kingsbury
Walton
A Irewas
The Derby station is the point of union with the North Midland
and Midland Counties. Distance from London 141 miles 8 chains.

Barton

Burton.upon -Trent
Wellington, and
Derby.
London, England, 1841-07-09

„„
S ti 4 LIA F. V ri ”
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A:'I)
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("241

"11Th° runs may read."

Abroad—Foreign—Colonial.

TRIESTZ, JUNE 26.—Accounts from Leghorn say that
he King of Wurtemberg is expected there fur the benefit of
the baths.

CORFU.—We learn from Corfu that Sir Howard Doug-
las had fixed the 16th of June for his delarture. The lonians
expect from his successor the long-wished for modification in
the Constitution as well as in the financial administration.

BRUSSELS, JULY 7.—The Annual Session of the Pro-
vincial Councils was opened yesterday in all the provinces of
the kingdom.
The Marquis of Lansdowne, with his family and suite,
arrived at Liege on the sth of July. The Archbishop of Ar-
magh arrived there a few da,-.) s before. _

An attempt on the life of Rosa 9, at Brazil, has been
lately made by an apparatus conceded in a box, but
failed through defective springs when his daughter
opened it.
The Tureo-Egyptian Question is regarded as termi-
nated by the Five Powers. The Treaty of July is there-
fore at an end.

Fran'ce IA to re-enter an alliance with the great Powers
in a few days. The new Treaty is prepared.
A serious mutiny broke out on the 7th ult. at the
Spanish settlement of Alhucemas.• Great atrocities were
committed. Particulars in another column.
Another decree of the Regent prohibits the publica-
tion of Papal allocutions din Spain without the consent of

the Government, under the severest penalties.
Greece remained on the 20th ult. without a Ministry.
The King would not cease to be a despot, and Prince
Mavrocordato declined being.Ptiesident of the Council to
other than a Constitutional Sqveregn.
Tahir Paella, the Commander-in-Chief in Crete, has
sent to Constantinople for a. re-inforcement of 5,000
men, and six pieces of cannon. This tells well for the
past successes of the Cretans.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Bolton, Kenyon, and Leigh Railway.

This Company was established by Act of Parliament in 1825 ; it
obtained additional powers in 182 S, 1831, and 1836; its capital is
210,0001., and the length 9 miles 6 chains 31 links. The line
is leased by Mr. Hargreaves, and is principally used for the convey-
ance of coal and manufactures. It connects the Bolton and Preston
Railway with the Liverpool and Manchester.
London, England, 1841-07-09

A CARLTON CLUB CANTICLE.

In the days when we were Placemen all,
A long time ago,
We ne'er looked forward to a fall,
Or dreamed of coming woe ;
We saw the ball was at our feet,
That the game was all our own,
So fleec'd the People, as was meet,
And bullied e'en the Throne ;
'Twas joy in Tory bower and hall,
'Twas joy 'mong high and low,
In the days when we were Placemen all,
A long time ago !

Then we'd lawyers of our own who strove
To show our black was white,
With parsons, by the score, to prove
Whate'er we did was right ;
And if John Bull—rebellious clown !
E'er ventured to look blue,
We bade our soldiers cut him down
At glorious Peterloo ;
But if he dared presume to brawl,
We hanged him for a show,
In the days when we were Placemen all,
A long time ago !
Oh sunny days, how changed your hue !
Too brilliant far to stay,
The Tory cat has had her mew,
It's dog has had his day ;
We're helpless now—we're poor, and lean,
For, like old Mother Church,
That swindling March of Mind, I ween,
Has left us in the lurch ;
In gloom we sit—in gloom recal
(Small comfort this, you know,)
The days when we were Placemen
A long time ago !
But should those days come back once more,
And soon, I feel they will,
"We'll bully as we did before,
And rob and plunder still ;
Dear Mother Church shall find again
Her dear exchequer full,
For we'll squeeze the blood from every vein
Of victimized John Bull ;
Oh, we're the boys, both great and small,
To restore in all their glow,
The days when we were Placemen all,
A long time ago !
London, England, 1841-07-09

Dundee and Arbroath Railway

Commences at Trades'-lane, Dundee, and terminates at the Arbroath
station, near the Harbour, which joins the Arbroath and Forfar
Railway, the length of the line is 16 miles 50 chains, and the capital
140,0001., which was obtained under an Act of Parliament dated
May 19, 1830. The gage adopted upon this Railway is what is
called the Scotch gage, and is 511. Gin. broad. There arc at pre-
sent four locomotive engines upon this line, and the steam instead
of uselessly blowing away is carried into the tank of the tender to
raise the temperature of the water. The stations are—

Dundee
Brought), Ferry
Monifieth

Carnoustie
East Haven
Arbroath

Dundee and Newtyle Railway

Derives all its powers from three Acts of Parliament—the first
passed the 26th of May, 1826, and its total capital is 70,0001.; the
line is worked partly by fixed engines, and partly by locomotives.
The way runs for two.thirds of its distance through the lands of Lords
Airlie and Wharneliffe, and the returns of traffic upon the Railway
demonstrate how much travelling is increased by speedy and clie.:p
communication ; before the construction of this Railway one stage.
coach only passed through the country thrice a week ; but now the
Railway trains pass up and down four times each way daily in
the summer, and three times daily in the winter, and the annual
number of passengers carried is more than 60,000. This Railway
is much used by the labouring classes ; the larger proportion of
passengers are of this class. It has done much good to the district,
as it connects the fertile valley of Strathmore with the port of
Dundee; but hitherto no dividend has been paid to the sharehol-
ders. The Government duty weighs heavily upon this Railway,
as the tax of 121 per cent. upon all moneys received for passengers
has absorbed all the profits of the Railway. The fares between
Dundee and Newtyle are Is., Is. 3d., and Is. 6d. There arc two
branches running out of this Railway, one from Newtyle to Cu.
par Angus, 5,-1 miles in length ; and one from Newtyle to Glamnsis,
74 miles in length.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Aylesbury 12ailway.

This Railway is an auxi:iary to the London and Birmingham
Railway, and was the first branch made from this line; its length
is 7 miles. The Aylesbury terminus is less than 300 yards from
the market-place. Aylesbury may be said to be the dairy of Lon-
don; many thousand head of cattle are fatted upon the pastures
of- its vale, and a peculiar breed of ducks, called Aylesbury
Whites, are sent in large quantities to the London markets, but
both butter and beasts lost so much in fat and flavour, from the
ordinary turnpike road transit, that, the Birmingham Railway
skirting the vale, the good people of the vale obtained an Act of
Parliament in the year 1836, authorisivg them to raise 50,0001.,
and 16,000/. on loan, and to make the Railway; they issued
2,500 shares, of 20/. each, and made the gage to suit the carriages
of the Birmingham line, and on the 10th of June, 1839, opened the
Railway to the public. The Railway is worked entirely by the
London and Birmingham Company who have a,lease of the branch.
The route by this Railway to Oxford Is a few miles shorter than by
the Great Western, but as the letter runs to within 10 miles of that
city (Aylesbury being 9.21, the trincipal traffic goes by the West-
ern. The Aylesbury Railway is, ho Never, of immense import.
ance to the neighbouring towns and large villages, particularly
Thaine, Winstow, Biceeter, Buckingham, &c., to which places, as
well as Oxford, there are coaches daily. Distance from London,
42 miles. There are at present three trains daily from London to
Aylesbury, and vice versa, and two trains each way on Sunday.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Leicester and Swannington Railway

Has 2,000 shareholders of 501. each ; the capital is 175,0001 The
Company act under the powers of three Acts of Parliament, ob-
tained in 1830, 1833, and 1837. The length of the line is 161
miles, and it runs from the town of Leicester to the Ashby Coal-
field. There is one tunnel If miles from Leicester. The Railway
is principally employed in the conveyance of coal, stone, lime, and
sand, and has hitherto produced'nearly 7 pcir cent. profit per annum.
London, England, 1841-07-09

nollan, Kenyon, and Leigh :Railway.

This Company was established by Act of Parliament in 182 ; it
obtained additional powers in 189.6, 1831, and 1836; its capital is
250,0001., and the length 9 miles 6 chains 31 links. The line
is leased Ly Mr. Hargreaves, and is principally used for the convey-
ance of coal and manufactures. It connects the Bolton and Preston
Railway with the Liverpool and Manchester.
London, England, 1841-07-09

Carlisle
Redheugh
Ilaltivhistic
Wylam
Milton
Bampton
Hansted

Blaydon
Stockfield
Hexhant
Haydon Bridge
Rose Hill
Wcatherall
Newcastle.

Newcastle anti North Shields Railway
Runs through a great coal district ; its length is six miles and three
quarters; its capital 260,000/., in 2,400 sham.; of 501. each. This
line is singular from the number of bridges constructed of wood
that span its course. The Willington Deen viaduct is also built
of wood. The gage of the way is 4 feet Si inches in length.
The fares are—ls.
_for First Class; 6d. for Second Class.
STATIONS.

Newcastle
Walker

Willington
Percy Main
Nctth Shield:

IVali-4 End
London, England, 1841-07-09

Baflochney Railway.

The Ballochney Railway Company was incorporated in 1826
(7th Geo. IV., cap. 48), in order to form a Railway from the termi-
nation of the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway, In the parish
of New Monkland, about two miles eastward into the interior,
where it separates into two branches, the one embracing the coal
and ironstone mines situated to the south, and the other to the
north of Airdrie-hill. The capital of this Company was originally
18,0001., but power was acquired in the Session of 1835 (sth and
6th William IV., cap. 97) to increase it to 28,0001.; and by an
Act passed Ist July, 1839, the capital was increased to 70,0001.,
for the purpose of extending the Railway, and providing for the
increasing traffic thereon. By means of this Railway the rich de.
posits of coal and ironstone of the parish of New Monkland arc
transported to the extensive and rapidly increasing ironworks on the
side of the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway ; and it is yearly
extending its connections with the circumjacent mineral fields.
The line is worked by locomotive and horse power, except upon
the two inclined planes near the western terminus. These planes
are 1,066 and 956 yards in length respectively ; the gage is 4 feet
6 inches; length of the line arid branches 8} miles.