The Sun.
London, England, 1846-05-25 00:00:00

THE CELLAR MARTYR.

When the result of tho motiorl made by Mr. O'Connell in
the House of Commons on Frida'y night was communicated
to Mr. S. O'Brien, the hon. representative for Limerick im-
mediately addressed the following letter to the Speaker, in
order that the Members might be put in possession of his
sentiments respecting the payment of fees before they voted
on the motion of his release from custody, which the Right
Hon. and Learned Recorder of Dublin has signified his inten-
tien of proposing this evening, after the private business is
disposed of:— _ _

. _
" Prison, House of Commons, May 23, 1846.
" Sir,—l perceive that a notice has been given by Mr.
Shaw, that he will, on Monday next, move that William
Smith O'Brien, Esq , in custody of tine Sergeant-at-Arms,
be discharged out of custody, paying his fees.'
"As I have reason to believe that this motion will be
carried, if proposed to the House; I feel that a due regard, as
well for my own public character as for the rights of those
whom I represent, forbids me to allow the House of Com-
mons to adopt such a resolution in ignorance of my senti-
ments respecting it.
"I do not dare to complain of the personal injury inflicted
upon me by thrusting me into the cell which I now inhabit;
but I am desirous, in the most formal and emphatic manner,
to record my sense of the wrong which has been done to
those whom I represent, by depriving them of my services in
to the
Parliament.
I again solemnly protest against my imprisonment,
contrary contrary to reason, contrary to law, and
constitution.

In order to sustain its own injustice, the House of Com-
mons, by its decision last night, has set at nought those Par-
liamentary forms, a technical regard to which so often inter-
poses to preven%or delay the redress of grievances and the
discussion of useful measures.

"As the Parliamentary representative of above a quarter
of a million of my fellow-countrymen, I claim to be entitled
to take my seat unconditionally and of right in the House of
Commons.

" It is now proposed, that after having subjected me to
confinement during a period of 25 days, the House of Com-
mons shall- give me leave to purchase my liberty by the
payment of a pecuniary fine, under the name of Parliamen-
tary fees, no longer a perquisite of its officers, but payable to
a public fund subject to its disposal.
" If the payment of such fees is to be interpreted as an
acknowledgment, on my part, of the right of the House of
Commons to subject me to fine and imprisonment, for hav-
ing conscientiously performed my duty to my constituents in
the manner most acceptable to them, I prefer to remain in
prison rather than make such an acknowledgment.
" If, however, after this declaration, the House shall still
proceed to vote my conditional release, I shall consider the
payment of those fees as a ransom for my personal liberty, ex-
acted from me by a superior power, acting without legiti-
mate authority, and shall discharge them under protest, in
order that I may be enabled to aid in resisting the bad mea-
sures which an English Ministry is now endeavouring to
force upon my country by means of English Parliamentary
majorities. . .

' I shall at the same time reserve to myself the right of
seeking redress from the judicial tribunals of the realm.
" I do not expect any answer to this letter, but take the
liberty of requesting that you will do me the favour to sub-
mit it to the House, in case a motion for my release, subject
to the payment of fees, should be proposed.
" I have the honour to be,
" Your obedient faithful servant,
-" WILLIAM S. O'BRIEN."
" To the Right Hon. the Speaker."

THE ARMY.
CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM.

Horse Guards, May 5,1846.
A second Lieut.-Colonel having been appointed to all
regiments having reserved battalions, it has been deemed
expedient to modify the regulations under which the com-
mand ofthese battalions has hitherto been administered, and
to place them on a footing similar in most respects to the
regular 2d battalions of particular corps, with a view to
rendering them more efficient for separate service. . .

L Thci second Lieut.-Colonel will assume the command of

the reserve battalion unless otherwise specially ordered. and
on its first formation he will be assisted by the junior Major,
but afterwards the Lieut.-Colonel alone will be liable to be
transferred to the Ist battalion, on the removal, by promotion
or otherwise, of his superior.
. . . .

2. All the other officers will continue to serve in the batta-
lion to which they shall have been originally posted, until by
obtaining a superior rank they may happen to fall into
vacancies in the others.

3. The second Lieutenant-Colonel will be held responsible
in all respects for the discipline and interior economy of the
rererve battalion, which, however, must be conducted ac-
cording to the system previously established in the regi-
ment; he is to have the selection and appointment of his own
non-oomrnissioned officers, and is not to be interfered with in
the administration and exercise of his command by the
senior Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment, whose authority
will henceforth be limited to the battalion under his imme-
diate command.

4. The subscriptions on appointment or promotion towards
defraying the expenses of tha regimental band, will continue
uniform throughout the regiment, but the annual contribu-
tion towards its support will be limited in reserve battalions
to six days' ply from each officer.
5. The regimental depot will remain, as hitherto, com-
mon to both battalions, but in order to secure an equitable
distribution of the men, and to provide for the equal effi-
ciency of the whole corps, the commandant of the depot
battalion is not to leave the selection to the Captains in
c4iarge of particular depots, but will be careful to send out
the drafts as they may be required, according to the date of
enlistment of the recruits, provided they are in all respects
fit Or Service.
6. The same rule will be followed on the arrival of the
drafts at a foreign station, whore two battalions of the same
corps may happen to be serving together, when the men will
be posted to battalions from the roster, without selection,
and without reference to character, stature, or personal ap-
pearance.
7_ All the other regulations, with respect to the manage-
ment of these battalions, are to continue in force as heretofore.
By command of
Field-Marshal the Duke of WELLINGTON,
Commander-in-Chief
JOHN MACDONALD, Adjutant-General.

' the little fishing town of Camoglia, "amphibious-looking
fellows lying asleep on the parapet of the rude pier, with
their legs dangling over the wall, as though earth and water
were all one iu them, and if they slipped in they would
float away, dozing comfortably among the fishes 1" The
account given us by Mr. Dickens, of the ruined
Colosseum is, to our thinking, about the finest passage
in the volume, considered of itself, and irrespective of
its relation to the general text. "Itis no fiction," says
Boz, " but plain, sober, honest truth, to say—so sugges-
tive and distinct is it at this hour—that, for a moment,
actually in passing in, they who will, may have the whole
great pile before them, as it used to be, with thousands
of eager faces staring down into the arena, and such a
whirl of strife, and dust, and blood, going on there, as
no langu9ge can describe. Its solitude, its awful
beauty, and its utter desolation, strike upon
the stranger, the next moment, like a softened
sorrow ; and never in his life, perhaps, will
he be so moved and overcome by any sight, not
immediately connected with his own affections and
afflictions. To see it crumbling there, an inch a year ;
its walla and arches overgrown with green ; its cor-
ridors open to the day ; the long grass growing in its
porches ; young trees of yesterday springing up on its
and t
hbeeraeri
by
yg fruitthe
birds
h awnheee
buildp r o produce
tchee
rf
nests within its chinks and crannies ; to see its pit
c
of fight filled up with earth, and the peaceful cross
the ragged seeds parapets,drop ped
planted in the centre ; to climb into its upper halls, 'and
look down on ruin, ruin, ruin, all about it ; the trium-
phal arches of Constantine, Septimus Severus, and
Titus ; the Roman Forum ; the palace of the
Caesars ; the temples of the old religion fallen
down and gone ; is to see the ghost of old
Rome, wicked wonderful old city, haunting the
very ground on which its people trod. It is the
most impressive, the most stately, the most solemn,
grand, majestic, mournful sight conceivable. Never, in
its bloodiest prime, can the sight of the gigantic Colos-
seum, full and running over with the lustiest life, have
moved one heart, as it must move all who look upon it
now, a ruin. GOD be thanked : a ruin!—The ghostly
pillars in the Forum ; the triumphal arches of Old
Emperors ; those enormous masses of ruin which were
once their palaces ; the grass-grown mounds that mark
the graves of ruined temples ; the stones of the Via
Sacra, smooth with the tread of feet in ancient Rome ;
even these were dimmed, in their transeendant melan-
choly, by the dark ghost of its bloody holidays,
erect and grim, haunting the old scene ; despoiled by
pillaging popes, and fighting princes, but not laid,
wringing wild hands of weed, and grass, and bramble ;
and lamenting to the night in every gap and broken
arch—the shadow of its awful self, immovable 1"

To follow our author through his peregrinations in
classic land would be an useless impertinence, seeing
that our readers will avail themselves of the first oppor-
tunity to follow him themselves. Surely the truth, and
earnestness, and poetry of thought contained in the above
brief extract, will be an ample incitement to the perusal
of the little volume from which it is transcribed. And
of incitements to pursue the track of the narrative when
once commenced, there will be enow in all conscience.
Nor is this attractive characteristic of the " Pictures
from Italy" so much attributable to the zestful
mannerisms of " Boa," scarcely resistible, as these
mannerisms are in alternate drollery, solemnity,
and picturesque elegance—as in the unconscionable ad-
ventures and the grotesque characters with which it is
enlivened throughout. As to the adventures, for in-
stance, we have Mr. Dickens at the theatre of puppets,
or Marionetti, watching the comic puppet " with extra
joints in his legs, and a practical eye, with which he
winks at the pit, in a manner that is absolutely insup-
portable to a stranger ;" then we have him (Mr. Dickens,
not the puppet), in the travelling caravan, boxed up
with an old priest " who was troubled with cramps in his
legs, so that he had to give a terrible yell every ten
minutes or so, and be hoisted out by the united efforts
of the company ; the coach always stopping for him
with great gravity." Then again we have "Boz" over-
taken on the frontiers of the Papal States by a hurricane
"so terrific that they were obliged to take his other
half out of the carriage, lest she should be blown
8 and to hang to it on the
they could for laughing), to
p
w n
windy side
ei a
going,
1 knows where." At another
over,
re vd e carriage i
ioseansg and,
e wH el
la all,vae
time we find him outside the picture-gallery at Mantua,
where he observes, " The moment the gate of this re-

treat was opened, some 500 geese came waddling round
us, stretching out their, necks, and clamouring in the
most hideous manner, as if they were ejaculating,
Oh here's somebody come to see the pictures Don't
go up ! Don't go up! While we went up, they waited
very quietly about the door, in a crowd, cackling to one
another occasionally, in a subdued tone ; but the instant
we appeared again, their necks came out like telescopes,
and setting up a great noise, which meant, I have
no doubt, What, you would go, would you }not
do you think of it ! How do you like it !
They attended us to the outer gate, and cast us
forth, derisively, into Mantua." Foremost amongst the
characters delineated by our author in his present
volume is undoubtedly "The Brave Courier," who
figures more or less throughout its pages, and ho, be-
cause of the goodly appearance of his purse, "is doated
upon to such an extent by the landlord that he can
hardly wait for his coming down from the box, but em
braces his very legs and boot-heels as be descends."
There is a very jewel of a French Postilion also, who
is sure to have a contest with his horses before they have
gone very far ; and then he calls him: a Thief, and:a
Brigand, and a Pig, and what not ; and beats.him about

the-head as if he made of' wood." A mob of
minor personages, all capital in their way, is scattered
over the chapters, such as " a yellow dwarf of a woman (at
Valmontone) ' who stands on tiptoe to arrange the
hatchet knives, and takes a flying leap to look into the
water:jos ;" or the " heavy gentleman from Naples,"
who insists. upon going up the steepest part of Mount
V
Vesuvius, borne upon a litter, and who in consequence
is incessantly horrifying the rest of his companions by
presenting to them "a whole length of himself alarmingly
foreshortened with his head downwards." The candour
and boldness of Mr. Dickens's criticisms, upon many of
the most vaunted paintings of the great masters, are
agreeable enough for those very qualities, even though
they scared away some of our most cherished visions of
pictorial beauty. Of the caricatures of religious cere-
monies with which the volume is replete, we shall only
say they possess to us a most painful discordance. We
would, however, ask Mr. Dickens if the grotesqueness
of those ceremonies consists in their own inherent absur-
dity, or in his misapprehension of their meaning ? Alto
gether as a melange of Italian sketches, pencilled with
that keen end humourous familiarity of manner so pe-
culiar to Boz, these "Pictures from Italy" will amuse
hundreds of his countrymen, without militating against
his reputation. We wish him a blithesome Godspeed on
his visit to Switzerland (which he announces in the pre-
face), and look forward gladly for a renewal of our
literary communion on the first of next October.

THE ARISTOCRACY OF ENGLAND. By
John Hampden, jun.
William Cobbett we would wager a very considerable
amount is a name fraught with enthusiasm in the recol-
lections of the writer of this remarkable volume. Some
of the pages are luminous with the reflex of that
leveller's spirit; the thoughts are not unfrequently akin
to those which marked his idiosyncracy; there is a
caustic rashness, we might almost term it an audacity of
sarcasm in its tone, which cannot fail to remind the
reader of the Register and of the " Legacy' to Parsons."
To some this comparison will seem or a laudatory
character ; to others a most unenviable resemblance;
the late Member of Parliament for Oldham
having left at his demise a memory of " very
bad odour," according to his antagonists, while, if we
may credit his worshippers, he departed life in "the
odour of (political) sanctity." Whatever may be the
estimate formed of Cobbett as a legislator, everyone
must, however, concede that as a satirist upon the
abuses of his contemporaries, as a hater of bigotry
whethei in Church or State, as a divulger of impositions
which had been sanctified by the accordance of our
very credulous ancestry, he was a man of infinite daring,
consistency, and talent. He wrote upon marble with an
iron pen ; his words found a ready access to, and a
staunch abiding place in, the hearts of the people.
Even when he appeared the most to evade a
dangerous topic his scorn was hurled at it
with the most crushing impetuosity, like the
Parthian soldiers of antiquity flying before the enemy,
but levelling them in the dust with random arrows. As
partaking somewhat of the earnestness of his renowned
master, John Hamden, junior (a noble pseudonyme by
afltheioberoamunwets it.dy
the!
t, ),h
peemrixfoc
easi
svt
ttoe
cs
favourite
har,oifoittiwe yitnae
xtgaenatrideonsft
htbha by his
peerage i,e r y mannerisms,
arouses our kindliness by the extreme bitter with which
trumperyfrteimeetdheiocnuokyte free-thinker,
that
his lueubrations are tinctured, !Ind stirs up afsatnmradinngdies,
sympathy within us by the astonishing. boldness which
characterises his present undertaking. "Kingcrafe' has
long been the pet rallying word of revolutionary repub-
garuaott
well be imagined to lead Ignorance into the bogs
and quagmires of Infidelity.. 'Aristocraft," however, has
hitherto remained unnoticed, or
.tait very indifferently
hinted at, in these fierce b undyings e
ration—and what opportunities would it not afford for
the utterance of rhetorical indignation ! Our author
has availed himself of the oversight of his predecessors.
.fiondgelelresd dein
He has flung his gauntlet. down amidst the dust and
theets are extortion,e
cobwebs of the herald office, and snapped his fingers
risively at all the strawberry
.leaves ever
deasntdfaomnielywthreoeseinfrtuhi
by him as nothing more than an upas
uon
vice,the
national gold.
The
stock,h e ol
and unnatural sloth. Every attribute attached
Right Honourables in the land is to him a
mst to the
uncon-
scionable deceit ; all the ribands, and titles,( and
ermines, and coronets, and trains, and stars, and
precious stones with which their Lordships are rds?
are to him merely as flowers upon dunghills. bedizened
Moloch, before whom thousands from time •
have prostrated thernselves in the immemorial
enthusiasm of their
reverence, he is ready to tweak by the nose
its pedestal. Now, in this endeavour,. and roll from
. viewed of itself there are considerable courage, considerable imperti-
nence, uo little justice, and an extraordinary
fallacies. Upon one inference we.( number. of
Hemp-
den, junior, cordially ; upon another we
issue with
acknow-
ledge the decided divergence :tie must
from each other : her,, we assent to our
opinions•
there we dissent from his deductions, premises ;
has yet to be written. upon the Aristocracy, •t 4. book
tracing their.
history dispassionately, with no view to di' aggrandize-
.ment or advantage of any class whatsoever,e
class be the people. Deal justly with the m evena
in
God's name ! deal justly with the few likenwy,iseut
no
matter what may have been. their pecadilloes or ;heir
giant offences. Diffuse happiness over the many, but,
again, in God's name ! do not shower misery upon the
few ; no matter how great may be the alloy of their
villainies, they are made, as well as ourselves, of human
stuff, and consequently have some grain or so
of good at the bottom. For those scanty grains,
allay your indignation, modulate your wrath ;
do justice, and diffuse happiness, if possible,
disofrevgiatrudPe

THE_ SUN, LONDON,. MONDAY, EVENING, MAY 25, 1846.

to every one alike ! That, we take it, is the only righte-
ous principle upon which a political writer can act, and
that principle we conceive to have been entirely beyond
the calculations of John Hampden, junior. His disser-
tations are one-sided to a most glaring extent; the
whole history of aristocracy, according to him, is corn-
posed of the grossest deceit, the most usurious avarice,
and the most nefarious machinations, without a single
redeeming feature ; no solitary ray glimmers over the
bleak and gloomy expanse of its career, from the mo-
ment the Conqueror planted his foot upon the shingles
of Albion to the present generation and the present
hour. Individual merit is swallowed up in the rotten-
ness of the system. The aristocracy are shown to have
been invariably the aggressors, the people as invariably
the aggressed ; the aristocracy have always been the
evil-doers, the people the innocent victims of their
cruelty and perfidy. One side is immaculate, the other
diabolical—hke the stout gentleman, seen by Dickens
in the carnival at Rome, " one half black and one half white, as if he had been peeled up the middle 1" It is un-
necessary for us to observe that this mode of' viewing
historical facts is unfair, ungenerous, and unphilosophi-
cal. Besides which, the picture is so clearly impossible
from its monstrous exaggeration, that none but the very
superficial will accord it one iota of credence. We must
confess we opened this volume with a predisposition to
be pleased ; the very name propitiated, our good humour ;
we yearned for an honest English exposure of those
many abuses, of that overweening vanity, of that unna-
tural accumulation of power and wealth which had been
acquired by the aristocracy during various periods of
our history. We longed for that exposure in its purest,
boldest, honestest style : we close the book, however,
with chagrin—we acknowledge ourselves disappointed.
Not but what a prodigious fund of truth is accumulated
in its pages; on the contrary, its substratum is sound,
sterling reality, but its superficies, its froth, its scum is
instance,
hands"---now
a n dat— nt
oh
we
authore re ptu
io petulance, s
Henryme
what on earth has the condition of those hands to do
m
with the evil genius of aristocracy ? Again, " bloody
For
emelnatnrebvalidieir.d,sas,h,. bloated
Mary" is pushed aside as unworthy of more lengthy
notice from her " burnings and bigotry"—what have her
old hacknied "burnings and bigotry" to do with aristo-
cracy ?—and so on, incessantly. A much better preli-
minary would have been the celebration of all the
glorious deeds, and all the truly great names connected
with the Peerage. The condemnation would have fol-
lowed this with double energy, and justice would, more-
over, have been satisfied. We speak thus strongly be-
cause we go heart and soul with Pope, and his mis-quoter
John Hampden, junior, in thinking—
" What can ennoble sots, or knaves, or cowards?
Alas! not all the blood of all the Howards."
And because, believing and feeling this truth, we are
desirous of seeing the true history of the aristocracy
penned; a history in which their virtues and vices will
be alike recorded, a history in which will be seen how
many benefits they have conferred upon the nation, and
how many and how grievous are the injuries they have
entailed upon the people. The author's heart has alone
guided his pen, let his judgment assist henceforth in that
guidance, and he will prove not altogether unworthy of
the mask of Hampden.

ANECDOTES OF DOGS. By Edward Jesse,
Esq., Author of " Gleanings in Natural History," 4-c.
This work, though apparently written to please young
children, or persons who can be caught only by light
reading, resembles in some respects the " Tales of Peter
Parley." It will be read by many others than those for
whom it is intended, and afford as much amusement to
the old as to the young. The writer, or rather the com-
piler, of the work, rarely interferes with the labours of
the natural historian, for but few details are given of
the peculiar breeds and races, or of their habits and pro-
pensities, and confines himself chiefly to his professed
purpose—a collection of the most remarkable instances
of the sagacity, faithfulness, and use of the long-tried
friend and companion of man. Some of these instances
are very amusing and wonderful ; and a few of
them would appear incredible, were they not at-
tested by the best authority. There is one given
of an Irish wolf dog, however, or more properly speak-
ing, an inference from it, which is too much even for the
most credulous. A. gentleman of ancient family, attended
by one of these dogs, entered a coffee-room in Dublin;
this dog was supposed to be one of the last of the breed.
He was rather of a sour temper and generally repelled the
attentions of strangers. On this occasion a gentleman in
the room seemed to attract the dog's attention, and was
soon as familiar with him as his master. " May I beg
the favour of your name," said the gentleman of ancient
family. The stranger announced it; he was the last of
his race, one of the most ancient and noble in Ireland,
and descended from one of its Kings. "I do not
wonder," said the owner of the dog, "at the homage
this animal has paid to you. He recognises in you the
descendant of one of our most ancient race of gentlemen,
to whom this breed of dogs almost exclusively belonged,
and the peculiar instinct he possesses has now been
shown in a manner which cannot be mistaken." The
story being reduced to its proper dimensions, the compli-
ment paid by one gentleman of aacieut family to another
of the same class is without exception the highest flight
ever yet made in the regions of blarney. We cannot re-
frain from paying due praise to Mr. Jesse for the beau-
tiful plates with which the book is ornamented. Two of
them cannot be surpassed—" The Scotch Deer Hound,"
and " The Scotch Lolly." They are both pictures true
to life, and finely executed. The anecdotes are illustrated
by about twenty of these plates, Independent of a great
variety of sketches appropriate for the subject.

GUIDE to the INVESTMENT of 'CAPITAL ;
or, Bow to Lay out Money with Safety and Profit.
By G. M. Bell.
To those having capital to invest this little work will
prove most useful. They will find in it " a true and
particular account" of the relative advantages and dis-
advantages of investments in lands, houses, the public
funds, joint•stock banks, railways, shipping, insurance
companies, mining companies, discounting bills, bonds
and mortgages, and foreign funds. Mrs. Glasse, of
" domestic cookery" immortality, commences her receipt
for cooking a hare in these words—" First catch your
hare." So should Mr. Bell have commenced this book
—" First get your capital ;" and if he could teach us
an infallible method of getting capital to invest he
would be conferring on the majority of mankind a
greater obligation far than he has already conferred on
the sainority by, teaching them how to invest it.
_„._

BRITISH AND FOREIGN INSTITUTE.—A lecture has
been delivered at this institute, by Mr. Zaba, on the Polish system of
mnemonics, or a method for so classifying and arranging historical
even:s, as to greatly facilitate the accurate remembrance of them.
This system is so highly approved in France as to be adopted in all
the colleges and schools under the direction of the Government in
that country. An intelligent youth, only seven years old, illus-
trated the advantages of the system in a manner the most satisfac-
tory, and answered the various inquiries of the ladies and gentlemen
among the audience, as to the dates of events in almost every cen-
tury, with extraordinary readiness, though the questions were asked
without reference to any consecutive order, and without any pos-
sible previous communication.
OTAHEITE.—By the Grttry whaler, just arrived at
Havre, intelligence has been received from the Sandwich Islands to
December 16, and from Otaheite to January 13. The roughness of
the weather not having allowed the ()retry to reach the harbour of
Papeita, she anchored at Borabora, one of the Windward Islands,
where Queen Pomare has taken reflige. The short stay which the
vessel made at this island, distant about fifty leagues from Otaheite,
did not permit her to collect very circumstantial details relative to the
situation of the Government of Oceania, where M. Bruat is stated
still to have to struggle against his former difficulties. Notwith-
standing the insufficiency of his forces, consisting of a not very nu-
merous garrison, held in check by an insurgent population, and of
a squadron of which the men were reduced by fatigue and a long
voyage, he had resolved to act vigorously against the Windward
Islands, which are considered the centre of resistance, The Urania
frigate, which lost sixty men, whom she could nt:4 replace, was sent
with the Phaeton steamer, to bring under subjection the little island
of Hualtine • and was after that expedition to do the same with
respect to iorabora, where she was expected every day when the
Gretry sailed. At the latter island there was stationed to keep the
population in respect only the Sultane schooner. The Genie, cor-
vette, has not quitted Papeita, where everything had remained un-
disturbed. Queen Pomare had contrived to get together for her own
use four small sceoners; which were lying at Borabora. If the island
was attacked, it was supposed that these vessels would act in her
defence.—Galignani.

ITHE PROGRESS OF FREE-TRADE PRINCIPLES IN
FOREIGN COUNTRIES.—We trust the triumph of our principles at home
will shortly bring our labours to a close ; but our joy and rejoicing on
that account are not confined to the happy results achieved in our
own country. The honest pursuit of truth and justice has attracted
the sympathy of the wise and good of all nations, who see, in the
great principles advocated by the League, the dawn of that millen-
nium of peace and brotherhood of liberty and civilisation, for which
they have hitherto sighed in vain. Our communications with our
brethren in America, France, Germany, Holland, and Spain, all
breathe the same spirit—all are animated by our example, and re- i
joice in our success as the harbinger of their final triumph in the
same course. We have already had the pleasure of recording the
formation of a Free-trade League in France. Spain has followed the
example set by her neighbours, and has established a " Mercantile
Confederation' for the same purposes.—League.
TRINITY TERM.—PROCESSION OF THE JUDGES TO ST.
PsuL's CATHEDRAL.—Yesterday being the first Sunday in Trinity
Term, the Judges of the Courts of Queen's Bench, Common Pleas,
and Exchequer, as well as those connected with the ecclesiastical
law courts, attended, according to ancient custom, divine service at
St. Paul's Cathedral. Their Lordships were met by the Lord
Mayor, Aldermen Sir Peter Laurie, Gibbs, and others, including the
Recorder, and several members of the Common Council, who had
come from the Mansion-rouse, a summons having been issued to the
Corporation to assemble at the above place for the purpose. The
whole of the Judges, as well as the Recorder, wore their scarlet robes
and fall bottom wigs on the occasion. The Cathedral service was
used, and the Lord Bishop of Llatdaff, as Dean of St. Paul's,
preached the sermon, the Right Reverend Prelate taking his
text from the 10th chapter of St. Luke, and from the following
words of the 29th verse :--" Lord, who is my neighbour ?" The Right
Reverend Prelate made a very excellent discourse from the above
text, which was listened to by the members of the judicial bench,
as well as by a large congregation, with great attention. The ap-
pearance within the church was exceedingly imposing, for, besides
the members of the Court of Alderman and the Judges being in their
state robes, the members of the Court of Common Council wore their
mazarine gowns, and the four City Pleaders attended in their official
costume. The attendance of the judges belonging to the common law
courts was much greater than on former occasions.
MELANCHOLY AND FATAL OCCURRENCE.—On Satur-
day the family of Dr. Ogler Ward, Leonard-place, Kensington, was
thrown into a state of most painful excitement in consequence of the
following occurrence :—lt appears that Mr. George Robert Ward, a
barrister-at-law, who had been staying at the house on a visit, with
his brother, Dr. Ward, was two or three days since attacked with
brain fever, and on the above morning, about half-past seven o'clock,
the unfortunate gentleman precipitated himself from the window of
his bed-room floor, and fell on the area railings below. The occur-
rence was witnessed by several persons, who instantly hastened to
his assistance, and were joined by Dr. Ward, when with great diffi-
culty the sufferer was extricated. The injuries Mr. Ward sustained
were at so serious a character, that death put a period to his suffer-
ings in about an hour afterwards. The unfortunate gentleman (who
was in his fortieth year) must in his descent have struck against the
balcony of the first floor, and rebounded on to the area railings,
the points of which had penetrated his face. The distressing event
has ceated a most painful sensation throughout the neighbourhood.
.THE TRUE CAUSE OF QUARREL.—For the first time
in the history of the world we see a man vituperated for the correc-
tion of a great error. He is not blamed for having been wrong, but
for having got right. He is reproached for not having adhered to
opinions after he had discovered their unsoundness. Ile is upbraided
for the desertion of his party, as if the whole duty of a statesman
was to stick to party without regard to truth and public interests.
The Protectionists altogether mistake their ground of quarrel with
Sir Robert Peel. They have a right to blame him for having inis-
taught, misguided them. They may fairly reproach him for having
made such fools of them during the long period of schooling from
1815 to 1846, that he cannot now unmake what he has made. They
may justly arraign him for having stuffed them full of fallacies which,
In the minds of grown gentlemen, are not easily removable. In a
word, they may reasonably complain of any and every part of the
Premier's conduct except the abandonment of his error. But this
act of virtue is the single paint against which the outcry is raised.
It is deemed unpardonable that Sir Robert Peel did not carry on a
deception, make false professions of belief in the utility of the corn-
laws, and maintain a system which in his heart he knew to be unjust
and injurious.—Examiner.

MIDDLE TEMPLE.—The undermentioned gentlemen
were called to the degree of the Utter Bar on Saturday, and pub-
lished in the Middle Temple Hall thif day :—John Cockerton, Esq.,
Thomas Jones, Esq., Joseph Needham, Esq., Win. Thomas Kline,
and Usury Walla, Esq.