The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-16 00:00:00

THE UNIrED STATES

AND MEXICO.

ARRIVAL OF THE HIBERNIA.
By the arrival of he royal mail steam-ship
Hibernia, Captain Neil Shannon, in the Mersey,
yesterday afternoon, we lave received our usual files
of papers from the Unite!. States and Mexico. The
Hibernia left New York on the 2d, and Halifax on.
the sth instant. She bings the usual mails, and
forty passengers, and hts about 5,000/. sr eel° on
freight. The America, 'Mich sailed frorii Liverpool
on the 22d ult., reached Htlifax on th:e 2d instant.
In Congress the attempt to pass a sort of Com-
promise Bill for the government of the new territo-
ries has been defeated, the House of Representatives
refusing even to entertain or discuss the Bill which
had passed the Senate, andof which the tendency was
to permit the establishmentof slavery in New Mexico
and California. It seems pratty well settled now that
no Bill looking to such a renilt can obtain the assent
of the House of Representatlves.
General Taylor's acceptante at the Whig nomina-
tion to the Presidency has at length appeared.
The only other news of political interest is the
statement now received in In authentic shape of a
battle, or rather succession of skirmishes near Gua-
najato in Mexico, between Bustamente commanding
the Government forces, and Paredes with Jarante at
the head of the revolters. The victory is claimed for
both sides, but neither appear to have done much in
the way of fighting.
The dates from the city of Mexico are to the
14th ult., where the Government of ,Herrera seemed
to be Pursuing its course wit"l'ut interruption or dis-
- -±,TerAmerwan troops nave now-au ICU,
and that country is again delivered up to its own
laws and rulers. Among other effects of this is the
re-enactment of the old Mexican tariff.
Dulness pervades all branches of trade and com-
merce.

The sales of cotton and woollen goods for the
autumn trade had commenced at New York, but we
cannot congratulate our English friends on the
prospect of high prices.
Loud complaints, says a New York paper, reach
us from the American manufacturing districts. Cotton
and woollen manufactories as well as iron works, are
stopping work in every direction in consequence of
the ruinous competition of the English. These dis-
asters, acting upon the public mind, bid fair to pro-
duce important changes in our rates of duty on Euro-
pean manufactures.

The state of the commercial and money market
is not improved since the advices by the preceding
steamer.

The news by the Europa, with dates to the 15th
ult., produced little or no alteration in the American
markets, except for cotton, which has advanced some-
what, as is stated below.

Money continues to be in great demand here,
although business is very dull. The stocks of the
United States, and of the States, feel the effect of this
pressure. Treasury Notes bearing six per cent. in-
terest, were down to-day at 104 and United States
Sixes of '67 at 103.

In fancy stocks there is little or no speculation.
The State of Pennsylvania commences paying her in-
terest to-day—not all, we grieve to say, in cash—but
a portion of it in relief notes, which are at a dis-
count—an unworthy expedient, certainly, for a great
and rich State.

Congress would adjourn on the 14th August.

COMMERCIAL.
NEW YORK, AUG. 1.
Cotton.—The news, per United States and Europa,
has caused an advance of about half a cent per pound
in this market, and we must now quote middlings at 6i
to 74 cents for all growths, and fair 7i to 7i for Uplands,
and Bto 8i for Orleans. Stock in this port between
55,000 and 60,000 bales. Sales of the last few days
average about 1,200 per day, chiefly for England. Not
much offering for sale. Freight to Liverpool ith to
5-32nds of a penny per lb. The prospects for an
abundant crop continues about as good as ever. Some
complaints are made of rains here and thei.ef, but they
seem very local, though there has been more rain in dull
New Orleans districts than in the Atlantic States. The
maximum effect probably is merely retarding the appear-
ance of the first hundred bales of new cottun some Oar
or five days.
Flour, &c.—ln consequence of a demand for the
English market during the last few days, and light re-
ceipts, a slight improvement has taken place in the com-
mon brands of Western Canal flour. The sales reach
4,000 to .5,000 barrels per day. Common New York
4 dolls. 76c. to 4 dolls. 11 }c.; Western Canal, 4 dolls.
87i-c. to 5c.; pure Genesee, 6 dolls. 25c.; common
southern kinds, 5 dolls. 76c. to 6 dolls.; for old and new
rye flour, 3 dolls. 59c. to 3 dolls. 621 c. Jersey corn-
meal is in moderate demand at 2 dolls. 581 c. to 2 dolls.
614 c. The market is well supplied with the common
qualities of wheat. Sales of Wisconsin, Missouri, and
Ohio have been made at from 87ic. to 1 doll., and some
Ohio at 1 doll. 6c. Corn has been in good demand,
but there was less inquiry to-day. Sales of common
mixed were made at 51c., good ditto at 52c. to 55c.,
flat yellow ditto 57e., round yellow is held at 60c. Bye
is held at 70c. Sales of northern oats have been made
at 45c. to 47c., southern ditto 40c. to 42c.
Ashes are firm at 5 dolls. for Pots, and 6 dolls. per
1001bs. for Pearls.
Whisky continues in request, 110 bbls. of Western
sold at 221 cts. Drudge casks are held at 23.
The transactions in Exchange for this steamer were
limited and at declining prices. Bills on London, 60
days, may be quoted at from 9 to ef, and at the latter
figure difficult of sale.
The difficulty of disposing of U. S. Six per Cents. in
any large amount, in the home market, will
probably
lead to a considerable remittance of them abroad to
try the Evropean market.
The Manhattan Banking Company of this city, of the
stock of which a considerable portion is owned in Eng-
land, has just declared a semi-annual dividend of 3 per
cent. _ .

Pig Iron.—Since the arrival of the steamer 1,000 tons
Scotch have been sold, part at 13i dolls. cash, and 25
dolls. 6 mos.; establishing an advance of 4 dolls. per ton.
There is but little offering.
Provisions.—Mess Pork has fluctuated within the last
few days, but closes firm at 11 dolls. 371 c.; prime ditto,
8 dolls. 87ic. Beef is rather dull at 6 dolls. 50c. to 6 dolls.
75e. for prime, and 11 dolls. 50c. to 12 dolls. 55e. for
mess. Lard is in limited request, at 71c. to 71c.
Naval stores are inactive. Rough turpentme is held
at 2 dulls. 50c. per bbl. of 2801b5.; spirits of turpentine,
34c. to 35c.

The rates of Frieght are—to Liverpool, for cotton in
square bales,s-32d. per lb.; flour and turpentine, is. to
Is. 3d. per bbl.; grain, 4 d. to sd. per bushel; to Lon-
don, 2s. per bbl. for flour, and other articies in propor-
tion; to Havre, nominal.

Foreign Exchanges.—Exchange on London, 109 to
1091; ditto on I'asis, limited sales, 5 221; ditto ou Am-
sterdam, limited sales, 401 to 40}; ditto on Hamburgh,
limited sales; 351 to 35:1; ditto on Bremen, limited sales,
794 to 79.—. New York Paper.

PHILADELPHIA, Auc. 2.

Several very important events have occurred since
the sailing of the Boston and Liverpool steamer
of the 26th ult. On the 27th the " Compromise,"
or New Territory Bill, which involved the princi-
ple of the Wilmot proviso, and of slavery or no
slavery in the new states and territories, and which left
the choice of slavery or no slavery to the inhabitants, by
vote, of such states or territories, was, after a very long
debate, carried in the Senate by 33 yeas to 22 nays.
On Friday the same Bill was brought forward in the
House of Representatives, where, almost without debate,
it was laid on the table, by 112 yeas to 97 nays.
A motion was then made to reconsider the above vote,
but this motion was laid on the table, by_yeas
114,
nays 96.
The senatorial vote was decidedly favourable to the
introduction of slavery into new territories; hut the vote
of the House has completely killed the Bill for the pre-
sent session, while the vote against a reconsideration of
the question has literally buried it in the tomb of the
capitol. Thus for another—and yet another—and per-
haps for many more sessions, will this important question
agitate Congress and the country. The result thus far
has given vigour and courage to the " Barnburner" (Mr.
Van Buren's) division of the democratic party, while it
has greatly strengthened the views and Policy of the
northern or free states.
And now we have, for the first time, General Taylor's
official or formal acceptance of the Whig nomination, as
a candidate for President of the United States.
We have had two arrivals from Mexico. The first
brought us accounts of the formal congratulations of the
diplomatic corps to General Herrera, on his accession to
the Presidency, and his reply in the following speech:—
" Gentlemen—lt is very grateful for me to receive
from the honourable representatives of friendly nations
the expression of their good will for my government, and
of their ardent interest for the fate of the nation with the
first magistracy of which I am invested by the funda-
mental laws of the State.
" I trust that the wishes for the happiness of Mexico,
which I have listened to with gratitude, may b© fulfilled.
All good citizens are of accord as to the means of re-
pairing past calamities, and of improving the elements
of prosperity which the country contains within its
bosom, and my administration will spare no effort or
sacrifice that your prayers may be accomplished.
" The good understanding which exists between this
republic and all other nations is one of the best features
in its present situation, and it will be cultivated with all
care. The people of Mexico feel only sentiments of in-
terest for the happiness of all their brother nations, and
of justice and frankness towards all who live beneath
the sky. These form the basis of their policy,
" The prudence and high accomplishments of the in-