The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-09 00:00:00

THE SU N, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRV AR Y 9, 1846.

....-----,
t°'letesldshiearvests since the Right Honourable Baronet's' jecte, by their adhering to protective duties.—(Cheers.)
4 cotillt,' t° office--when he knew all this fle begged to move the amendment of which he had
i'lmtoapredr atio r. o ;
to, u hardly believe that all these advantages were already gave notice. ‘ ,
„se attributed liethe Right Hon. Baronet stated, to Sir WILLIAM. lILAI 11COTE would ask per-
measures which he had brought mission to second the amendment moved by the
Wi and carried through the House.—(Cheers.) Honourable Member who had just sat down.
nthellioa,eY of these advaidaees would have taken place Ile considered the measure of the IN,,l.inister insufficient
0c,,,0b1e Lord ooposite"(Lord J. Lussell) had been when taken separately, anc,lerdieo,s(4tiritudceive of each other
the- evil of shale-
tkte-eei.(, ['ear-) Neither could he believe that large when combined. They
prov.(l..eial exoortations were evidences of the country'sy ing the settlement of tl'imit. very House of Parlia-
144:et:tee
e They had seen foreign markets—the cent upon the question which
in
as now before them.
Non. of India and of China—glutted with the He believed that, the Minister,etim proposing these mea-
n "ii other goods of this country, which sun s, had the best inter, sts of the country in view; but
totiwei
I, n
euiins;
irdeeriusgonie itme to he ot rid one he intended to oppose them, as o believed them pre-
the details of this measugre, the first judicial to those very interests. He did not consider
tetizittiauwsuhriechthhee felt bound to notice was corn. He the measures of the Minister a large, or liberal, or lin.
ot,, . peaches
oflusthat it was not his intention to partial scheme for carrying out the ri ci les of free-
... 'loesi., the tight Hon. Baronet which he had trade,. for .he was forced to rememberphp that p.ro-
Olt inc,..Y2a.ade on that question, so as to charge him tective duties were removed from some articles, whilst
The
hesietency on that subject —(Hear.) He knew on others a very inect:qu ite reduction had been made.
As itt'ie a course would have no weight with the House But if he did c(eisider them impartial I wuuld be disposed
.41, elhg..lht 1-I_oo. Baronet had told them that he had to object to them, as he believed they would be a step in
;:gaszt,""L's Ms principles and that he now proposed to the downward cours. He believed thai the
.Legislatu.rie
tshretlibees'ail.tiu4tialwiottle.-hich he himself had passed in 1842.
Baronet cnsieered that essential,.to far
rr thheeycltausdt twal-teanttev,-
.yeerearsg.ehueldralblyeeonhps,rroydtudtvteheopf
poison
l'loliki 'lnterests of the country, h • (Mr. Miles) for one had been concealed, but it was not the less dangerous.
hi not ht. ry' ' ' • A
L-teer
eh blame him, but he could not consent to follow But it was not impartial—it was anything but so. It
and it was less so in
0, of change his opinion so suddenly.—(Cheers.) The was not so in appearance,
earance, because it did
PestiostlB4e, he believed, had been admitted by all reality. It was not Ina
siOe t 0 have worked well as far as the corn-laws went. not process to take. an adequate ratio in the removal
Pri eel's.) It
th cs, and
as had condueed to great steadiness of of protective impositions. .if the
ought far as hunan calcileVon could go, he of industry were to hal? "no e,
Pre( • lt had air,. iudipffreorpenotrtiobnratnochthees
. son..
~.. s eyed theßight Hon. . labour was ex-
-d Baronet's ex- amount of manual labour employed in them, then that
^ttihone
real a,'• lincler that law the Right Hon. Baronet had department in which most manual labour
este. ' a Price of 565., as beinsr a fair price for the pended had least protection. Those branches of labour
tee •1•' and he machinery
a. tar (Mr. Miles) woulcelike to ask the Right where
d by the measure contemplated to be
1441,1410:let what price he considered a fair price for —Hear—was employed did not require any
byan the Government, agriculture was left
Vlat hence "W,—(Ghee-s.) He would be glad to know brought
Did be ee be aimed at under a repeal of that law without any protection at all. The measure cc:lntern.
loss
that this measure profered
.such great plated was based on a misunderstanding of the whole
l'?ss of poss.
oto the farmer as to compensate fur subject.—(Hear, hear.) The farmer, in comparison. with.
other persons engaged in industrial occupation in his
h'enlen
~,
osti 15s. a quarter for corn, which
ttehfsmupped ? Bat the Hon. Gent.leman own country, and with foreign agriculturists, was not
r:i'lee4olare_etgld
that he did not consider that the in the same advantageous position. He will be found
itpe(4l4l..euttritiliselsesculd he reduced bY this measure.
why
ylieht exposed to a very unequal pressure a taxation. He
ask the Right 'he was oblieed to submit to a large amount of local expen-
Rileirt.Hona.r Baronet's ar- diture which in foreign countries was defrayed at the
Itteitilee4eNvereawo ?d,A9gdhitt. thehe ask what became of the general charge Hear. At that moment also he was
tliss.;ent m,f iigono Gemnitlemen opposite with respect to the under the pressure of the income tax—under the stamp
144 rthl94f ? The Right Honourable Gentleman laws. His will also be found under a weight of heavy
s'Plie • ent one story, and Honourable Gentlemen indirect taxation in the Customs and Excise.
iti s4.te told them another. Was he not justified, then, It will be found, too, that while the
4teltseing Parties to hesitate before they asked for that manufacturers are able to have quick returns for the
'kit "e, and informing the country of his conviction capital they have embarked, the agriculturist has Lo wait
lie there was no necessity for the proposed change ? a long time before he receives any return.-(Hear.).
thesi3nL'eeled that there was a vast difference between He (Mr. H.) referred to those details for the purpose of
ttodtte,:la Produced by good harvests and cheapness considering the great question of compensation.—(Hear.)
fat the .111 the im •of
importation corn. He was afraid He could not agree with that view which would place
t„l.lcllatiZight Hon. Baronet had been misled in his the country at the mercy of the foreign growers. of corn.
lath :"", and had over-estimated the pros He could not forget forget that the farmers of this_
A ). la
%great which this country had been placed. country had for the last fifty years met the wants of the
,II iinoteapthori,ty on this subject—an authority consumers cf corn produce, according tohtande protection
d
toheapeese.,'l lie meant Mr. Huskisson, had said which had been afforded them. He
threadte is th., Produced by imnortaiion of corn from' Ministers in their Canadian policy, but he could
dn.ot
deist
se pp/ 7
Is
forerunner of scarcity, but a steady support them in a measure which would work to the is-
oTA Is the only safe foundation for steady and advantage of the interest of the country generally.
now about to
lie °lees." He (Mr. Miles) was of that opinion, Her Majesty's Ministers e
tto thou
,ti:retith
~of glotrnthat no check should be given to the Part i power
with all those commewrcirael advanhtaages which
in this country, for he con- Napoleon in the plenitudeof
'lcleeist "° state so critical as that of being de- would have considered cheap if purchased by half the
40-ate,,ernti.P(mi foreigners for a supply of corn. victories lie had achieved. He had supported. his. Right
e man _,ce. result of those measures might be thought Hon. Friend at the head of the administration,
Ollld to
_cAlld foretell. His own opinion was, that it upon agreeing with hisgeneral policy, but he
_itsoetnheita:teve:irgehatter fluctuation in prices than had ever must on the present g-tien differ with him.
stee:are n.--(1-lear, hear)—and that before long Hon. The Right Honourablethße aoneset,'however, should con •
right of scrutinizing his mea-
expect to see the Right Hon. Baronet cede to his
40. ad Of thewhether they deserve his support, but
Oi eto ere Government coming down to the sures,and judging
Iti ere, hear some measures to regulate trade.— if he refuse to to them the right of scrutinizing particulate
hatit Ron. •,), He believed that if the proposal of the measures, and by their doing so he is induced to throw
des the effect
were passed into a law it would up the Government, why the responsibility of the act
Is er,„ UeetThank-
taiti-eti,)trY ; and, conseqii'entiv
of reducins, the capital of the traders of was upon himself and not upon his supporters.
taould be 4eand enterprise • Limathe amount of English ing the House for their indulgence, he begged to
further,re-
'that the scheme sume his seat, seconding the amendment.
Itettiße tikel-Ind to be of ' far greater advantage to the Mr. LASCELLES trusted the lolouthse would extend
them the grounds
eeer) eleuan to our own manufacturers.—(Hear, its indulgence whilst. he statedt
01' bees 0 could not pretend to say that he had which would induce him to support the measure of the
tr:4l4 tioa f a Vrntrary opinion but his belief at the Government. The Honourable Member who had
'lad
• theteitw_as that it would lead to agricultural dis-. just concluded his address seemed to think that
kW ‘teseeti. would also tend to lower wages in this the country- had attained to its present eminence in
tin,- th ilk,--,1 ear)—and that the working classes would consequence of the restriction of commerce. Well,mifetmhe.
thPrOtp„ -e'Ves injured before the higher orders. If Hun. Member thought so, he confessed the Hon.
psi?: igh6al aenfetehpe Right Hon. Baronet passed the House ber had read history very differently to himse , fi.ar.he
thee pie
ht, h torth consider free trade to be the ruli found that since the establishment of the restrictive
hOlsti)---and ,1. Maj('Sty's Government—(Opposition system nothing but distress had existed the country.
la- °ere, tnat sooner or later every interest mnst On the reconstruction of the Conservative Cabinet, it
;;•°tee:io:t-----(Hear, hear.) When they had removed was very evident what the policy was which. they. intended
spl(tl,l4`ohs"t ifru:natagricultural produce he could not
.see to pursue, and he must candidly assert that if the measure
theos!'ne otie " the House could continue protection which had been proposed by the Right Hon. Baronet a
Ilati,fultappingin;Tes(tlear hear ) He felt convinced that been brought forward by the
.N.oble Lord opposite, it
aniall other interests must give up would have received his unconditional support. It might.
lee gatien rotecton.—(licar.) Of what use would their be observed,. with. respect to sugar and corn especially,
pro lry ranws then be ? The greatest interests in the that the indications of the measures of the Government
tteetien mast be
neglected if this removal of agricultural were sufficiently evident, immediately after the present
le.'o,ent was old take place. Where the sweeping Government had taken office. He had, therefore, no
he Kee d . toassertions to retract, and he had
end, when the barriers had been pledges to. break
4, lot "yll' he for one could not foresee, but no hesitation i.n_giving his full adherence to the policy
-on -anvinved that if justice were to which the Right Honourable Baronet had thought it
tsntin e to
parties,
khentilt ill the all protection should prudent to adopt. With regard to the course which
lope a heine event of the present Government the Government intended t., pursue with those measuresme
teilj the east carried in..° effect.—(hear, hear.) If they he must profess his perfect. ignorance, but at the same
k' )cif he wel the Noble Lord opposite (Lord J. Rus- time he must protest against anything like an unprin-
-144-').feit onf,e to come into power again, he (Mr. ci led change of policy. From the very first mo-
t 'light Honourable
that the Noble Lord must outbid went
.that the Government took office, the whole
* did '-icnourahle Baronet—(Hear, hear)—or of their acts indicated the course which they
C 13'id be l not intend to do th t, he (Mr. Miles) intended to pursue. The very reasons on which
till)°,4 the Zr ,t° hear from him what were his opinions the tariff was intended to bebased, were evi- .
)4Wsti,dntthi-eC!_roetti,•r Let him hiin (Mr. Miles) take the case of dent in the regulations laid down in. its provisions.
session,
vi,suld they ren.law League. Would they dissolve ? Numerous questions had been put,
eini- r 1 la. merabePrrifvate, life ?—(Loud laughter.) to time Right Hon. Baronet with respectsess
kile iae for Durham—c
Ilthtillaceoleegsb,taagtilon afterto the. corn-
or Stockport—would the Hon. laws, as to whether. it was his intention to alter the pro-
') not to
agitate to
agitate ?
rise Was he (Mr. tective duties or not. To all
invariablythese inquiries the
eothe
if
fatte
piniquestionwuld?nuepari.n)thHeier Ri ht Honourable Baronet had answered
it, s)
so
ere
oe
others
of
other • othersthat he could give no pledges, but that his conduct
on.s were once sa(onucltdioned b must be directed by circumstances. Now, he did think
thlioliee .
that detmined
advocates.—(Hear tie
ehtrdbw:eitil rteel: similar natuHrea.wr
hear.) quickly that this was a matter of considerable importance. He
llovnoca,tes.—( el-le believed that it was not the object of the Right Hon.
t inguishing
hight
litta ext. nly ,a,,,,,d
the
flame
. Baronet would finel that Baronet to bolster up any particular system, but that
Ir._ at this free trade, aslrne whilst he fancied he it was necessary to go to the bottom of the
(Hear, hear.) But when we :system of restriction. When that Right Hon.
fr:renet, (wh.
It, e tradeo_icili h proposed by the
alone-sidedßht on. Gentleman propounded his policy with
aresspneffict.
( Tear-e would certainly call
peso Ron 1, , hear )—if he rightly understood the dent evidence given to the country of policy which
their' ever'. e aronet he meant this, that every Euro- they intended to follow. Theee might bee- suffering and
t.. goo 2 i.oreign,
nation should allowed to import distress in individual cases, but these were occurrences
eurresnoht.te tot-
e this country free of duty without any which followed in all such cases ; but t _ e
'4l•lteafeeo.3lD-4 advantage in return. He thou ht that the no reason why this measure should no b
'faelot erers of
this
44„:-,,,d to countr would find it ht
ngly carried into law.—(Hear, hear.) He was so little
a, compete with foreign nations unless they accustomed to addressing this House, that he trusted
tear, CeY reduced the wages of' their labourers— he would be excused for having trespassed on itsthat-
eted with) for already we were successfully corn- tention so long. But he had a strong feeling. upon is
bon eq, s hy the foreign markets—by those of Ger- subject ; and while he expressed his sentiments as hehad
tolstitetry, Littler:lane:l, and France—in cotton goods, in done, he was placed in the painful position of
NI ry hwt In silks.— (Hear, hear.) And unless this adting a course at variance with the opinions
of ntries . some additional advantage over foreign and wishes of his constituents. ;
.but he could
Nv. this ''t would be impossible for the manufacturers look back upon his past connexion with them with
tie! haveeh"ntry successfully to compete with them. pride and satisfaction.—(Hear, hear.)
supported
en„,` heed °f her
also from the Right Hon. Baronet at Lord NORREYES said that having pporteclGthe
IQ e °I her Majes't 's Government that the rice of Right Hon. Baronet at the head of her Majesty's o-
a hems
•Ikl not affect the rate of wages—(Hear hear)— vernment in all his measures for this country, as
'440 entuidr d •
eintiltlrees would e it not at all unlikely that ag;ieultural well as in all his Irish policy, it was with considerable
be
tee si tit employed upon railways, and other regret that he now rose to express his opinions. upon
tr4gere. This if,''r higher rate of wages than was now paid the proposition now before the House. He waited to
htttt. the ag4rine's rn"facturer possessed great advantages hear the Hon. Baronet's explanation before he had taken
r ad,. . ulturist. He had an establishment much any course in reference to them because he .did think
1,71 leeCPted for the purposes of supervision, and he that to attack him before he' had developed those
1" hi uPon
ear a a • all his workmen at one glance—, each measures would be unfair and unmanly, and if he (Lord.
• tea th Ppointed place, and each his allotted task. What Norreys) had done so, he would stand degraded in his
IL it teektl?atinfacturer what weather takes place? What own eyes as well as in the estimation of this
~',t, Si "un if the sun shines or the rain pours down? House.—(Hear, hear.) No doubt, the letter of
ii"e'th (4; can we say so of the farmer? Can he look the Noble Lord the Member for London,
sel).je Rlance upon his farm and his workmen? Is as well as other events that had taken place, had caused
tete', Pine-
-et to no vicisfirudes of weather? Is he sure of a necessity for some alteration in the existing state of
what he has son? Does he always the laws upon this subject. He did not expect that
I,:ress,'" twelve hours' work from his la. the Right Honourable Baronet would propose such
tz)-ls:4ll:titi:asaei these manufacturers do ? Can a measure. He was free to admit the diffi
labour and sternly demand of them culty with which he must have made up
mind for any alteration in the corn-laws, but he
ditt,,ndliwz.aelryc hours toil ?—(Hear, hear.) Or do. they his
11721 1,-use to allow a reduction of two hours in their might of course avoided the difficulty to a cousiderable
t'aer.) ',Vit. as these manufacturers do ?—(Hear, extent. He might have taken a course which would have
thtwten'ttuch might be said to show that there was opened the eyes of th e agriculturist to the position in which
until the Noble Duke had had the
4t the `e agricultural aed the manufacturing interest they then stood if the Right lion. Baronet had refused
(41eivettazt edeleryentehees which would not admit of their. beinge• to return to potter
him he would have adopted the
That
to the , same laws and the same principles.— Government offered to
would have opened the eyes of the agbrii-
th, ue t,: It would task the energies of the labourer proper course.—(Cheers and laughter.) was the
*thet°' lk•iiinstilf protection were to be taken from course which
d
both'i,%rieuftnwnat advantages have the manufacturers over culturists, and would haveosed enabledafar
re arhetoiat,Z. with raterence to the burdens they Baronet to have prop
_Honourable
a that r‘g,st, He held in his hand a return . from tie was sorry the
turner, returu he manufacturersp of cotton in the country. Right on. different the
ii
llon. Baronet was not in accordance with. f
1839. There was more necessity or
that the course taken by the
700 `4 out in loundthat the amount of the work advice he gave in
t°oo/ one
aud, th ~ that th Year amounted to a trifle
with
Ile more than an alteration then than there was now. Was the con-
of the Right Honourable Baronet consistent
B,tuall : whole e wages paid during that was 30,000, duct
kli sr, sum of amount, of the burdens amounted to the his measures in , , ,
e --' u "u°'scarcely worth noticing.— a duty of Bs, per quarter, and he now
qftrea ear.) hen
a sum
• 1e39 41 and 42. He had once objected
followed
*hio, to th nen he looked at the compensation went to propose a duty of. 4s. and that to be
e l
Oho
~ they anded interest for this protection by total i.-
4:45;1_ weresolidtion_ called upon now to give
.up. that the Right Honourable Caronet had been
or fors' Makin.,
together
highways, the payment of medical wanting,. political integrity, but in po-
l'inef handeel ""gether a trifling sum of some three lineal foresight.ne He had heard his Friend, the.
cone in stitithousand pounds, spread over thel wholei Right Hon. Meimnbehris
for
Edinburgh, upbraid him with
political principles •
with re-
Itigiteir, d the t, , matinee as scarcely to_ be fe_ t.._ inconsistencyd
l'hee 'ion. li4 would have been more pleased if the gar to the corn-laws. He (the Right Hon. Membr
th ' were ar"et had offered them nothing at all. for Edinburgh) had charged the. Right Hon. Baronet
t W• told h
%het est Ind, Y her Mejesty's Goverhment that in with declaring .
his remarks, used a quotation
Ils Part , e „'a colonies free labour had done much for in office. and had, during
t Wo i '''' tne wo la me applicable to
he 4 d net ro—eeeneers from the Opposition.) which he (Lord Morris) thought very _
the I "would
ght tha
b detain the House with contrary proofs. the case, and
which were simpy the words of
de Year fort 0 told that in the next year, or before Hid°,
, rive , rty_ei " Nusquani luta fides."—(Loud laughter.)
If 0, ut•Leat f t the Nest India Colonies . ,
would He should say that if' the measure should be. carried it
the eY vver rom tree trade.—(Hear, hear.) But, Sir, would not be carried from the conviction of its wisdom
~- eoloti; eto get free trade li w Id ask what use were or necessity, but because, seeing that the thing was
extend the'
cibhes„?(liear )It hacelnoottlibjec‘,tion toe extend the inevitable, the supporters of the Right Honourable
Pro p(4- 'al free tra.de
„ff h. lf they did, evi
celotlics to
principlesit t the GoNferrenem did not Baronet would prefer doing for him what they would
trade to the not be inclined to CO for the Noble le.ard opposite (Lordt
dotco:es:l-0(1Y °O their corn yti did they of
notpropose to take John Russell). But why, supposing that h_! Fira
z ath other Minister of the Crown thought fit to changHe his ithandm; ti"s, which the ,c, all Is
'lnd" inelo this countr in [lions should his followers change theirs ?—( ear, hear,
o•"rat!tae.ee ?----(llea.r.) -Why'd'dcnth y not give greater and laughter.) Whatever might be the result_ of the
t- 4 tOtl'S to the colonies thani e the now roose- measure for the consequences the Right. Hon. Baronet
motiletee uatrY.(Loud
c(e) repeal of -protective duties were advantageous should be' responsible.—(Hear, hear.) .
pe,f.,, atit.:, am, cheers.) They gave the traders,.
tee 'renee he -• manufacturers of this couutr a decided of man entlemen who precedi him ; and, looking to
Mr. B. COCIIRANE could not agree in the notions
t, ''c to h 'er the colonies.—(Bear hear.) If they the history of the corn-laws, le was
.compelled tosay
1 the ,ave free. trade theysl 11 • ' justice extend itthat he did not see any violation of principle
IT of
colimies also, They
hiou c in
ire
..faeturers of this
im 3
nt‘lst
el, , 1
eeoyotsur,)mltdo nhoavleonagerma(lmloowrt the (as we understood the Honourable Member) in
pp.. 4 tin aw this country.—eli
q PP ~,v, e their coloeies to form a connection previous to the Revolution. tin..
alteration took place in
thy. the present conduct of the Ministry. Protection existed.
1-91 The next
a 0.,
e They ear and cheers from the the laws tle year
th a systo ey had heard the system characterised :alteration took place in 1822, and . subsequently in 1842,
in 1 •17-3 and again in i . ,
e eeli,„. in of fair play, and they were told that -when the Bill was introduced, which they were then
po.it_ --lee Were treated! fairly,ar, hear.)
,if eof theco and that the pros- ' called upon to overthrow. altogether.—(He , .
Ile fear e Right Ho country depended on the measure In all this
e_meemfacturers of this ccuntry were
t 430 ;ed
that
thnourable Baronet.—(lronical cheers.) arose from a breach of faith. There was another point
ti-.e 'flkh qiinela. there was no principle, or if there were, it
Gentleman
in which he differed with the Honourable
gre.ontespris
0, ;_ed,. and that it was net safe to extend who had addressed the House. It had . .
been stated that
ti,'s al trade w`
niieirlividual; and he was sure time pro-- Nlerebers of Per-Fees:era had no right to support
h..
'felt au, ':
~.• . prove hi, fears were not unfounde ;. ' appealed to
.1) is lir asu .e, unless they first
er,._
Pitt
t.;._%titaie,vedu
,u_ gged to emphatically state, i had
that the constituente. The. authority of Da • •IE
ue was advocating the best in- m ortance was
been asked, and great 1 p attached his
to
l Vi0n1em.i.,...• autrY, both the manufacturers, opinion. Now what said Mr. Pitt in 1798,
when pro-
-4.12d every 1310,5 e of Dritish sti;tl. paw •s the legislatiya ullicoll with Ireland? He said
~

if the question of Parliamentary confidence was sepa-
rated from Parliament, on the principle
that it had no right to decide without
an appeal to the people, they would be adopting
a principle most dangerous to the state, and one of per-
version of all principles of political society. He could
not understand such a principle. He might point to
an answer to it—that the Septennial Act was passed by
a House elected under a three years' system ; that the
Roman Catholic Reliefg Bill was carried by eV-louse
returned on priuoiples opposed to that measure. It
was impossible to define the limits of Parliamentary act
vountability. If the principles maintained by the
Honourable Gentleman who had addressed the
House in favour of protection was to be acted upon,
it would make that House a mere Assembly
of delegates, instead of a deliberative and legisla,
tive asssembly, leaving gentlemen divested of
the privilege of argument and reflection.—(Hear,
hear.) It would be most dangerous and derogatory
to the character of that House, if it was to be
held that no Member should be at liberty to
alter his opinion, supposing he had seen good reason
for that change.

still his proposed measure, would not lower the price of
wheat, what then became of the argument of the cheap
loaf. There was a vast difference between cheapness
produced by a good harvest and cheapness produced by
importation. Mr. Huskisson had said that cheapness
produced by importation was the sure forerunner of
a 'scarcity. He considered that a free trade in corn
would lead to greater fluctuation in price than had ever
been known ; that it would be of greater advantage to
foreigners than to ourselves ; that it would produce
agricultural distress, and lower wages. If that mea-
sure passed, all other protective duties must be
repealed; navigation laws and reciprocity treaties must
be all swept away. Would the League dissolve if this
measure passed ? or if they should, would not others
riso up in their place to agitate other questions ? The
manufacturers would find it exceedingly difficult to
compete with foreigners unless they reduced their wage
In every other item except wages, the manufacturers of
this country were in every respect equal to the foreigners.
The manufreturer could do without protection better
than the agriculturalist, because his position was better.
He could keep a closer superintendence over his work-
men ,than the agriculturalist. He was not de-
pendent upon the weather. He could secure
his twelve hours' work, while the agriculturist could
not, he thought teey ought not to be subjected to the
same laws. The manufacturer was less burdened
than the agriculturist.
,On a factory paying
30,000/. per annum wages, the burdens were
only 5,0001. a year. The burdens on agriculture
were , greater in proportion, and the compensation
really amounted to nothing. The agriculturists would
have been better pleased if the Right Hon. Baronet bad
offered them nothing at all. Then with regard to sugar
—scarcely had the free labour sugar been admiited, than
they were told the colonists could stand a little
more competition. Would not the same course
be pursued wish regard to the farmers? With
regard to the colonies, he would say treat
them as integral parts of the empire, extend free trade to
them, and do not let the manufacturers enjoy the mono-
poly of the colonial market. He considered that the
manufacturing interest had been stimulated too much.
The progress of our manufactures was really alarming, and
he considered that he was best promoting the interests
of the country by maintaining the present system of pro-
tection.

Sir W. HEATHCOTE seconded the amendment. He con-
sidered the measure visionary and delusive, but he did not
join with those who accused the Minister of acting dis-
honestly, although he could not but think that the shock
given to faith in public men by the conduct of the Go-
vernment was much to be regretted. The scheme, even
if impartial, would not have met with his approval,and he
considered the free-trade legislation of the last2o years had
produced most disastrous effects which had only been
remedied by the increase of our colonial trade. Bnt
the scheme was not impartial, inasmuch as it did not
equally depriv all parties of protection. That branch
of labour to which manual labour entered
most largely was entirely deprived of protection,
which protection was continued to industry connected
with machinery which did least require it. The
English farmer living in a country where taxation was
heavy, and the money-price of articles very high, was
not in a position to compete with the foreigner,
and the position of the English farmer rendered it diffi-
cult to award to him any sufficient compensation. He
could not be insensible to the danger of depending
upon foreigners for a supply of food, nor could
he forget that the farmers now fed a populsion
three times the amount of that fed fifty years
ago, or that at this moment England was
the only European country possessing a full supply of
food. 211 e would have supported a measure for facili-
tatingthe introduction of colonial corn, but the present
measure was essentially anti-colonial. He would not go
into the question of compensation, or any particular ques-
tion; for so convinced was he of the impolicy of the mea-
sure, that he should oppose it generally. He was not
indifferent to the fate of the Ministry ; he would
not transfer his support to the Noble Lord
and his friends, for he differed with them even
more than he did with the Right HMI. Baronet.
The Right Hon. Baronet was bound to consult his sup-
porters as to his measures, and if, because they differed
from him, be chose to throw up the Government, on
him, and not on them, rested the responsibility.
Mr. W. LAScELLES had watched with jealous care
the course which the Government had pursued since
they first came into office, and he denied that this
change had been a sudden or an unexpected one. The
alteration in the Tariff involved the whole principle of
free trade, and when the Right Hon. Baronet had been
asked if be intended to alter the corn-laws, he had
stated that he did not tlien intend tO propose any altera-
tion, but that he would not bind himself to their main-
tenance under all circumstances. In every instance in
which the principles of free trade had been
adopted prosperity had been the result, and
their experience had confirmed the theory of free trade.
He, therefore, should feel it his duty to support the
Government measure, however painful it might be to
him to differ from many of his friends.
Lord NoRREYS regretted that he was obliged not
only to oppose the Government on this question, but
to withdraw his confidence altogether from the Right
Honourable Baronet. He had refused to pledge himself
to oppose the Government measure until he knew what
it was. He considered the conduct of the Cen-
tral Protection Society unconstitutional, and had re-
fused to
givepledges, but having heard the
Right Hon.
statedhe felt bound to offer him
e
his power. He thought the Right
Hon. Baronet
opposition in
not to have returned to power until
oe
ought Baronet any
he bud opened the eyes of the agriculturists, by telling
a Noble Duke, who had taken a great interest
in these questions, to endeavour to form an ad-
ministration, and the Right Honourable Baronet
would have found less difficulty in carrying his measure.
But he could scarcely have expected that the Right
Hon. Baronet, who in 1840 had objected to an Bs. duty.
should now propose a 4s. duty, to end in total repeal.
He did not tax the Right . Honourable Baronet with
dishonesty, but with want of political foresight.
If the question were carried it would be only because the
House preferred trying the question by the Right Hon.
Baronet, to having it settled by the Noble Lord altoge-
ther, for his part he doubted whether they would be
better off in the hands of the Noble Lord than in those
of the Right Hon. Baronet. Whatever might be the
confusion resulting from this measure the Right Hon,
Baronet must be responsible for it.
Mr. BAILLIE COCHRANE went through the history of
the corn-laws from the time of Henry VI. up to the pre-
sent time. He could not see in all this any question of
principle, and he thought a corn-law admitted of every
variety of enactments. Neither did he consider thss
even upon a question of principle, it were
requisite to appeal to the. people, and quoted the autho-
rity of Mr. PITT In support of his opinions. He denied
that the House of Commons was a mere assembly of dele-
gates, it was a deliberative and a legislative assembly, and
Members had a right to change their opinions.
The question of the corn-law was one of great difficulty.
It was impossible to propose an unalterable law on the
subject ; indeed, whoever imagined an unalterable law
was an unalterable fact. Looking to the social changes
which bad taken place in the last' sixteen years—to the
increase of our population and of our manufactures, 'he
could not contend for an unalterable corn-law. It was
necessary to alter our commercial policy in consequence
of these changes, and of the. changes introduced by the
Reform Bill, so as to make it in accordance with the
feelings and interests of the people. The country had
confidence in the present Government, and he should
support the commercial alterations which they had pro-
posed. He believed that
.there had been a great change
in the feelings of the farmers of late with
regard to the repeal of the corn-laws, espe-
cially in Scotland. The Bight
Honourable
Baronet was neither a god or a tyrant, but he
believed him to be a man anxious to do good
for his country. He voted for this mea-
sure because he had confidence in he Miaarrit's
Ministers, and because he was anxious for the welfare
and happiness of the poorer classes of his fellow subjects.
Mr. DEEDES could not support the proposition of her
MAJESTY'S Government with respect to the
corn-laws, believing that that proposition would shake
public confidence, and drive the English agriculturists out
of the English market. The measure with respect to corn
had been revised and corrected in 1842, by Parliament.

MAGAZINES—(CONTINUED.)
00LBURN'S UNITED SERVICE MAGAZINE.
The article on the Submarine Propeller, or Archime-
dian Screw, is concluded in this number, and the writer
gives us a complete list of all the patents which have
been taken out for propelling vessels by means of a screw
from the year 1655 to 1843. This is a very ♦aluable
list, the compilation of which must have cost the writer
a great deal of trouble and research. We have also a
very valuable paper on the salvage of Life, Letters, and
Property from Shipwreck, and a Letter from a New
York Shipbuilder on naval construction, which is well
worthy the attentive consideration of those in authority,
as it relates to a subject which at the present moment is
of vital importance to the country. These are all papers
of permanent value; these who seek amusement merely
will find that the present number is by no means defi-
cient in tales of " moving accidents by flood and field."

DOUGLAS JERROLD'S SHILLING MAGA-
_-

ZINE.

" The Confessions of Richard Grainger," with which
this number opens, is the autcbiography of one who,
driven to desperation by the oppressions of a domestic
autocrat, in a moment of passion, fells his tyrant to the
earth, and, fancying he has killed him, escapes, and
seeks for concealment in the Babel of London. He toils
on in poverty for years, and, at length, hearing that his
supposed victim, who is his uncle, is still living, returns,
and is reconciled to him, and eventually inherits his
wealth. The following are his reflections in the scenes
through which he passed during his period of probation.
" I could not bear to look back upon this period of imy
life, if I did not consider that it has taught me, far better
than any book could teach me, some lessons for the good of
others. It has taught me, sir, that men are not to be paid
for their labour in money or bread only 1 The labourer re-
quires, uwe all require, brotherly feelings, sentiments of
mutual respect, to make him feel himself a man and live as
a man. Who wants an equality of earthly riches among
men ? They must be poor earthly souls who would strive
for such a low object. But an equality of honour and kind
feeling for all who labour in the system of human existence
—this is what we want—something to raise the head and en-
courage the heart of the poor workman, to make him feel
that his fellow-men reckon him worth something. I have
felt this want a thousand times, heavily, and I know I am
not wrong in believing that it is the most pressing and de-
grading deprivation which the poor and the hard-toiling have
to endure. Where is the religious law of Honour all men.'
Another truth I have learned is, that to mend the thoughts
and dispositions of men, you must mend their circum-
stances too. We are not angels. We are not sunbeams,
equally pure in all places. You who look forth upon plea-
sant parks, from the windows of drawing-rooms, oh, it is so
easy for any little book of poetry, or religious prose, to con-
vince you that the world is a very pleasant place—that the
Maker of it clearly designed all men to be happy ; but things
have a different appearance when viewed on a dull winter's
day, through the paper squares of the cottage windows in
Robert's Fold, and many places like it. You who distribute
tracts through the miserable lanes and alleys of our towns—
your purpose is a good one ; but remember that air and
light, cleanliness and beauty, are God's good messengers ;
and contribute your endeavours to remove the gloomy,
wretched places left upon the face of the earth by centuries
of thought and action bestowed upon wrong purposes. If
you would have the people believe in a heaven, show them
a little of it."
The second of the series of " English Scenes and Cha-
racters " by William Howitt, is scarcely worthy of his
fame. Dick Redfern, the county wag, the hero
of his tale, must have flourished at least a hundred
and fifty years ago, seeing that the greater num-
ber of Redfern 's waggeries were faithfully chronicled
more than a century since by the late Mr. Joseph Mil-
ler. " Memoranda of Maturin," is an interesting sketch
of the career of a very gifted man, to whom as yet the
world has not rendered justice, and " Rome-ward
Bound," is a smart satire on those very clever, chat-
ting smatterers, who are to be found in every nook and
corner of the provinces among the squirearchy. Horace
Mayhew gives us the " Confessions of an Old Picture,"
and we recommend it to the attentive study of all con-
nosieurs. And we have an admirable paper on the
" Mission of the Press," which we should have been
glad to have transferred to our columns had we space for
it. " Juniper Hedgehog" gives us a caustic letter on
war in general, and on the calling out of the militia in
particular. But we miss our old friend " St. Giles and
St. James," and also the " History for Young England;"
and, albeit we have several excellent papers in this
number ; we could well have spared some of them to
have secured the presence of these, the features of this
magazine.

THE RAILWAY REGISTER.
In addition to its usual history of the railway doings
of the month, this number contains an admirable paper
on the gauge question in which the relative merits of
the respective lines are fairly set forth, and justly ap-
preciated. The writer gives the preference to the broad
gauge on the scores of safety, speed, and power, and to
the narrow gauge on the score of economy in the
working. After elaborately stating the arguments on
each side he thus concludes:—
" From these statements, in connexion with the experi-
ments already referrec to, it may not be toe much to say that
speed and power alone considered, the broad gauge appears
clearly to have the advantage on its side. It may be a
question, however, whether in light traffic, which local and
branch traffic generally it, and will become so more and
more as extensions are carried out, whether in these eases
the dead weight of the broad engine may not be a serious
disadvantage in an economical point of view. Upon this
consideration, which we merely at present throw out as a
suggestion, we doubt very much whether absolute uni-
formity of gauge do turn out to be desirable upon public
grounds." -

THE ALMANACK OF THE MONTH. By
Gilbert A'Beckett.
A funning, punning, running commentary on the
events of the month, full of smart satire, without a
particle of grossness, malice or ill-nature.

THE LITERARY ASPIRANT.
Our number of monthly periodicals are really mount-
ing up to such an inordinate quantity, that the ultimate
consequences of the competition in this species of lite-
rature are more than conceivable—they are self-evident.
A diminution in their number, and an improvement in
their general tone—results that are no less inevitable
than they are desirable. The Literary Aspirant, now
under our elbow, bears in every respect the outward
features, the outward character, and (so to speak) the
outward complexion of a thorough magazine ; but we
rather suspected, from the style of the index to this, its
cseiaclo.ndAnfutemrbeexr,anithinaitngthtehseemcobnlatennctes,wtahsims esrueslpylcsiuopen rrfi-
e-
solved itself into a conviction :—" The form was pleas-
ing, but the soul was wild." We have first a flippant
gad-fly survey of " Brittany!' very well powdered with
French phrases—a characteristic that has a faint smack
of travel, with a very powerful smack of " Boyer's Dic-
tionary" and the easy-chair system. Somewhat of the
same calibre are the " Recollections of Travel." Let the
writers remember that Addison described Italy in pure
English; and that, too, very graphically. Of the poetry (?)
there are several scraps—one to " Moonlight." Unhappy
moonlight ! why is this silver beam so bedaubed with
the soot-paint and the mud-colour of every blockhead
who can string rhymes together ? Another about a
" Farewell to the 'Village, which is decidedly by no
" mute inglorious Milton;" and another about " Morn-
ing Stars I" the first verse of which calls up an unplea-
sant recollection of that very disgusting wormshop in
Long-acre:—
" Wanderers through the vault of heaven-
-0 ye brightly beaming stars!
Tell me, have ye never striven?
Never felt intestine jars?"
Every one who has beheld that most loathsome shop-
window, with its horrible display of bottles, will see our
allusion. Besides the foregoing specimens, we should
say but little for the literary taste of the editor from his
iibsurd eulogium upon a very excellent gentleman, but a
very Holywell-street author, by name Mr. G. W. M.
Reynolds. We can, in conscience, say but so much, or
rather so little, for the Literary Aspirant.

THE LONDON TEETOTALER.
Devoted to the interests of Temperance, this publica-
tion will doubtless obtain a wide circulation, and more
especially so from its cheapness. The proceedings of
the various associations of that praiseworthy class are
fully reported in its columns, and thus every one inte-
rested in the cause may easily obtain a knowledge of its
increase and prosperity.

NEW MONTHLY BELLE ASSEMBLEE.
A fanciful portrait of Byron's Genevra "by Cor-
bould, with a smudge upon a pedestal for a statue, and a
semicircular scrape of the burnisher" for a moon,
forms the frontispiece to this number; it, however, is all
the fashion to swallow these vagaries as specimens of
art, and the engraving must not therefore be carped at.
As to the staple commodity in the literary way which
follows, it is of the usual standard:—stories of " Mar-
tyrs," and "Brides of Genoa," with half-a-dozen Italian
quotations at the head of each chapter, and meetings of
lovers in orange groves, and a plentiful supply of
* * * * and -- --- in among
the letter press, forming the principle proportion. Then
come " Lines written on my Birthday, ' and stanzas
to the " Sweet Star of Eve"—all very unassuming
and very diluted, both in language and senti-
ment. There are, nevertheless, many who derive
pleasure from these joint productions of satin paper, and
swan-quills, and perfumed ink; we must, in consequence,
not be ungenteel enough to express any decided disrelish
lor the genus. Suffice it to say, the present month of the
Belle Assemblo'e has an excellent assortment of this kind
of boudoir fine writing ; and, for the better encourage-
ment of the readers whom we hay. particularised, we
will mention that among the contributors are the very
estimable names of Elizabeth Youatt, Camilla Toulmin,
Calder Campbell, and others equally well known. The
fashions for February, both pictorial and descriptive,
form an appropriate conclusion to the articles enume-
rated.

THE FEMALE'S FRIEND.
A monthly pamphlet, devoted exclusively to the tastes
of our fair countrywomen. It consists of essays, dis-
quisitions, biographical notices, and verse, and is there-
fore discursive. Morality and happiness are inculcated
and enforced, and therefore it is well spirited. The
style of composition is smart and condensed, and there-
fore it is readable. We refer the inquisitive to its
pages.