The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-13 00:00:00

el:fro dna Attat•
_

LONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1848.

Austria is crumbling into anarchy from that
anarchy will spring her regeneration. It is a lament-
able doom, however, that no despotism so old and so
heterogeneous as that of the House of Hapsburg
can he transiormed into a free and constitutional
Government without the nation passing through a
tremendous crisis of ruin, blood, crime, rapine, and
atrocity. That doom has descended upon Austria—
it has overshadowed the capital—it has fallen with a
blighting intensity upon the palace. The spectacle
which is now visible in Vienna is as ghastly as that
which, in Parii in 1792, affrighted the whole family
of Europeans. Nor is the political resemblance
merely superficial. The diverse and heterogeneous
classes in France evinced as little tendency to
cohesion, even when heated in the crucible
of the liberal philosophers of the eighteenth century,
as the diverse and heterogeneous races in the Aus-
trian empire defy all endeavours to fuse them into
one compact and uniform nationality. Whatever
eoacesaions have been made by the Emperor Fax
DINAND have been made as grudgingly as those
which only lengthened the agonies of King Louts
XVI.-4o employ the expressive phrase of one of our
most distinguished juriscensults, they have been con-
cessions " written in the statute-book with the
trembling band of Fear, or traced in characters of
blaod." In like manner the Diet assembled in
Vienna to inaugurate the new epoch has occu-
pied as precarious a position in regard both
to the people and to the SOVEREIGN as the
last States-General or the first Constituent Assembly.
Do we look for further marks of similarity ? The
bzead-riots of ninety-t& We have bad them re-
peated by the unemployed Viennese artizans. The
mounting of they,i-colour at the instigation of DES-
Mo'3* INs ? We have had the same incident renewed
though without the interposition of a second young
enthusiast and a German Vieux Cordeliers. The
sacking awl burning of the Bastile ? We have had it
imitated, in tile seizure and destruction of the
Arsenal. The murder of its unfortunate Go-
verner? We have witnessed a murder as hide,
ous and diabolical in the recent assassination
of the wretched Count LA '-',IBERG. The devilish
cruelties aflicted on the Princess DR I_4 AMBALLE ?
We have seen cruelties as appalling and iafamous
perpetrated on the person of the miserable Count
LATOVR. The flight to Varrennes ? -It has been fol-
lowed as unsuccessfully by the flight to Innspruck ;
only that the EMPEROR, after negotiating with the
Viennese, and returning to the Imperial Castle of
Schonbrunn, has again fled from the principal city of
his empire, condeeted by an escort of five thousand
soldiers on the road to Linz. The particulars of the
last awful catastrophe which has befallen the dynasty
of Hapsburg-Lorsaine are characteristic not only
of the pkreoxysm of a revolution, but of the fate which
inevitably awaits a despotism. The recent occur-
rences in Hungary have only hastened a day which
must ultimately have arrived. The secret corres-
pcindence between the Court and the Ban of Croatia
has, on its revelation, excited a frenzy as terrible as
that which followed the discovered complicity of the
armed refugees and the ill•advised MARIE ANTOI•
NUM The appointment 'Orrne intriguing JELL 4.-

CHICH to the rank of Civil and Military Governor of
Hungary infuriated the population to a state of wrath
such as defied all further restraint. It was
an appointment as insane in its defiance of public
opinion as the granting of the Ministerial portfolio of
Justice to M. HEBERT almost immediately before the
downfal of Louis PlimorE. It reuired no in-
spired tongue to announce to the multitude that the
virus of absolutism had not been cleansed from the
blood of the Government, but that, on the contrary,
that virus lurked there, gathering together its latent
influences, and preparing to assert its old predomi-
nance as soon as an opportunity was discoverable.
Vienna saw as clearly as Paris did in 1791 that
royalty only assumed the mask of generosity to
enable it to tarry in safety until the arrival of that
moment so long hoped fur, the moment of royal retri •
bution. The consequences of all this lamentable
blundering have been tremendous. At a signal more
significant than the banquet of February the people
rose on Friday, the sixth of this present October•
They rose—not as insurgents, not as rebels, not as
marauders, but as revolutionists. Their signal was the
departure of the troops from the capital as auxiliaries
to the Croatian army of JELLACIIICH—that army
which had been organized to tread out the
fire of freedom under the iron heel of
war in the hot and melancholy ashes of
the Hungarian nationality. Instead of allow-
ing the soldiers to proceed to the railway with-
out obstruction, the National Guard of the suburb of
Gumpendorf resolved to deprive the Ban of Croatia
(now the Governor of Hungary) of that assistance.
A barricade was thrown up close to the Tabor Bridge
on the highway, leading to Ganserndorf; and there,
in the midst of enthusiasm, the Grenadiers fraternized.
with the Academical Legion and the National Guard
from Hundsthurm. Possessing, as they now did, a
great numerical force, as well as the fervour
of successful revolutionists, it- is not -surpris-
ing that they routed the Nassau troops
after a brief encounter, killing and wounding a very
considerable number of their opponents, and shooting
the General BREDY, the commanding officer. After
the conflict on the road to Ganserndorf, there was a
lull, but a lull as treacherous as the lull before a
tempest. An accident as deplorable as that which
occurred before the Hotel des Capucins, in February,
awoke the storm of the population, and brought at
once to its height a revolution which might other-
wise have been procrastinated. A few shots were
exchanged between two detachments of the National
Guards—the one fighting for the EMPEROR, the
other for the people—and the consequence was, that
a desperate battle soon began to rage in the Stephans
Plata. Those who were in favour of the Govern-
ment were driven into the Cathedral of St. Stephen's,
and were massacred on the floor of the sacred edifice
—the colonel of the regiment being butchered upon
the steps of the high altar. Then it was, that, mad-
dened by the triumph of their arms, the rabble re-
sorted to deeds of atrocity, such as are happily seldom
paralleled, bombarded the garrison of the arsenal,
and dragging forth the unfortunate Minister of War,
COMA LATOUR, from his official residence, assas-
sinated him with a ferocity as brutal as that cf
savages, and as fiendish as that which we might attri-
bute to demons. He was kicked and beaten about
the head with adzes and hammers, his throat was cut,
his clothes and orders were torn from his body, and
then, naked, mutilated, and still palpitating, he was
hung up by the neck to a gibbet, where his limbs
were riddled by musket balls, fired at him throughout
the day by his murderers. The assassins of LATOUR
seemed to emulate the assassins of LAMBERG, and the
remorse of crime, as in most revolutions, descended
upon the capital to sadden the hearts of the citizens
in the hour of their victory.
While the revolution of October was thus ripening
in their vicinity, while civil war was raging in the
streets, while the SOVEREIGN was flying in consterna-
tion from his palace, the supreme authority of the
Austrian Diet asserted its existence, and decreed that
the national representatives should sit in permanence.
STROBACH was no longer recognised as their President.
Fsaisz SMOLLE was elected on the instant as his
successor, and the Diet resolved at once upon those
measures which the emergency seemed to demand
most imperatively, to the end that order might be
restored, and the law rendered above all things trium-
phant. In the first gush of the intelligence, it is alto•,
gether impossible to estimate the real importance of
this revolution—this revolution, whose days were al-
most as cruel as those of September, and whose results
are nearly as decisive as those of February.

The observations of Mr. Sergeant ADAMS on the
case of THOMAS BARKER, a respectable young man
who was tried at the Middlesex sessions on Wednes-
day last, and acquitted on the ground of insanity,
are well worthy of the attention of the humane arid
charitable, of those possessed of means sufficient to
enable them to mitigate the sufferings, and to provide
for the pressing wants of their less fortunate fellow-
creatures. Of the many afflictions to which the human
race are snbjected, there are none of a more painful
and humiliating character than the mental alienations,
the extraordinary delusions, by which men in the
possession of health and strength, of intellectual
and physical power, of all that can render life
desirable, are so frequently seized and reduced in
a moment beneath the level of humanity. Such
persons, although their friends may be enabled to
provide for them all the comforts and enjoyments
of which in their fallen condition they are sus-
ceptible, must at once be considered objects of the
deepest sympathy. How much more lament-
able, however, is the condition of those who
are possessed of no private fortune, but who previous to
the attack of the malady under which they may be
suffering had earned for themselves a moderate com-
petence by their own honest industry. Such persons
are indeed worthy of compassion. Unless their friends
are in a position to undertake considerable expen-
diture, they must be classed as pauper lunatics, and
deprived of the humble and moderate comforts which
they had previously enjoyed. Their situation must
be, in every respect, wretched, without any ray of
light to enliven the gloom by which they are sur-
rounded, without one mitigating circumstance to
lessen their misery. The immediate friends and rela-
tives of the sufferers are also:worthy of compassion.
A man, perhaps earning by the most unceasing exer-
tions a sum barely sufficient to support his family
with the strictest economy, no extraordinary ex-
penditure can be encountered, no extra sum sup-
plied to a single member. Under such circum-
stances, a wife or child, a father or a brother, may be
seized with the mysterious malady. The expenses
of is suitable asylum cannot be defrayed out of the
humble profits that can be realised, and the entire
family are compelled to submit to serious privations,
unless they consent to see one of their body reduced
to the degraded condition of a workhouse pauper.
Surely something should be done to rescue innocent
persons from so painful and humilating a condition.
Surely those possessed of riches could find no more
beneficial employment for their superfluous wealth
than in alleviating the sufferings of such parties.
In the case to which we have alluded, a report of
which appeared in our impression of yesterday, the
prisoner had maintained a highly respectable position
and held situations in some of the most respectable
houses in the metropolis up to the period of his ill-
ness. About twelve months since, however, he had been
attacked by small-pox, and from that time to the Fee_
sent had exhibited unequivocal indications of insanity
to such an extent as to induce his medical attendant
to recommend that he should be placed in an asylum
for a short period. It was, however, thought that a
long sea voyage night restore his health, and a pas-
sage was accordingly taken fur him to
Sydney, where a brother was settled who
would receive him. Another brother in this country
had exhibited the most fraternal disposition towards
him, but from having a large family, could
not afford to pay the amount required for his main-
tenance in a private establishment. On the day when
the act with which he was charged was committed
he left his brother's house very lightly clad, end came
to London by the North-Western Railway. He then
wrote a letter at a neighbouring coffee-house, and
took a carpet bag belonging to another gentleman.
Medical and other evidence was submitted to the
jury of various delusions under which he had la-
boured since his recovery from the small-pox, aral the
jury at once acquitted him on the ground of in-
sanity. The Learned Sergeant, whose con•
duct on the occasion was worthy of the
highest approbation; spoke "of the dreadful

THE N,

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 6th have arrived.

want of an asylum for the reception of lunatics who
were one or two degrees removed from pauperism ;" a
want which, from the knowledge which he had him-
self personally acquired, was the source of more pain
to, his, feelings than could be imagined; and,stated
"!that in his judicial character many very pfissing
cases had occurred where such an asylum would have
conferred the greatest possible benefit ;" and after
mentioning several cases of great hardship, as well to
the unhappy victims themselves as to their innocent
families, added, " It was a lamentable fact that, not-
withstanding this country abounded with institutions
of almost every description, yet there was not one
which applied to these unhappy cases. There was,
it is true, Bethlehem Hospital, where there was a
fund for incurable cases, but at that establish-
ment the patients were discharged every year,
for if that were not the rule, the place
would soon become an asylum. If all the cases
which had come under his judicial notice were to be
put into a calendar, they would constitute such a list
as would at once prove how necessary it was that an
institution of this description should be founded."
We believe that it is only necessary to direct the
public attention to the subject to have means adopted
for supplying a remedy. Sergeant ADAMS is a trust-
worthy witness, whose great experience and position
entitle him to the fullest credence. 'We hope that
his statements will not be lost sight of, but that some
steps may be speedily taken for the establishment of
an asylum for those labouring under mental inca-
pacity, whose friends are unable to defray the ex-
penses incidental to their maintenance, and affording
a reasonable prospect of a cure.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The proposition for issuing paper money on landed
security, was on Wednesday rejected by the As-
sembly, by a majority of 578 to 210. Afterwards
M. XAVIER DURRIEU brought forward a motion to
the effect, that in n o case, not even during a state Cl
siege, should the Government have the power of sus-
pending the publication of newspapers. This propo-
sition, which was warmly supported by M. VICTOR
HUGO and M. SARRANS, was opposed by M. MARIE
and M. SENARD, on the part of the Government, and,
on a division, it was negatived by a majority of nine
only, the numbers being for the motion 336, against
it 345. This is, perhaps, the most severe blow that
the Government has yet received, and some
modification in the Ministry would ap-
pear inevitable. General CAVAIGNAC has, it
is said, sent for General BEDEAU, to whom he has
offered the portfolio of Foreign Affairs, which M.
BASTIDE has held provisionally since June. MM.
GOUDCHAUX and SENARD will also, it is said, retire,
and MM. DUFAURE and VIVIEN are spoken of as their
successors.

THOUARD, who on Tuesday attacked M. BAs-
TIDE in the Salle des pas Perdus, spat in his face, and
threatened to poignard him, has been committed to
the Conciergerie, to take his trial for having assaulted
a representative within the precincts of the Palace of
the National Assembly, and for having endeavoured to
compass the death of a Minister.
GOIIDCHAUX, the Minister of Finance, has ad-
dressed the following letter to the Reforrne :
" Your number of to-day contains an article which
I cannot allow to pass unanswered. You ask whe-
ther it is true that, before the elections for the
National Assembly, and with the object of obtaining
the votes of the adherents of the Central Society of
the Banque Immobiliere, I promised to propose the
creation of bons hypathecaires. I formally reject this
charge. I did not in any way intrigue to obtain the
votes which carried me into the National Assembly,
and if I sought them it was not at the price of the
abandonment of an opinion which with me has never
varied. I have never avoided a single opportunity of
making it known. On the 16th June, that is to say,
from the first day that I entered the tribune, I de•
Glared myself the enemy to all paper money, under
whatever denomination it might be. Since that day,
on several occasions, I have repeated that declara-
tion. An opportunity is about to present itself, and.
I shall avail myself of it to express once more on
this subject the convictions which I have felt all my
life."

M. PROUDEON has distributed at the Assembly an
amendment conceived in the following terms a---
" In case the universal suffrage should not give an
absolute majority to one of the candidates for the
Presidency of the Republic, the definitive nomination
shall be made by the people of Paris."
M. JULES PARE, the writer of the celebrated
circulars of M. LEDRU RoLLIN, is at present suffering
from brain fever of an alarming character.
The intelligence of the success of the insurgents at
Vienna has excited a great sensation in Paris. The
Government immediately dispatched General REY to
the army of the Alps, with orders that the army
should hold itself in readiness to act at a moment's
notice. The intelligence from Vienna was brought
by M. BERNARD, the Secretary to the Austrian
Embassy.

There are various rumours as to Ministerial modi-
fications. The negotiation with M. DCFAERE has
failed, and General BEDRA.O refuses to take office.
M. TRIERS has been actively intriguing to prevent
the formation of any Ministry, and it is said that
General CAVAIGNAC has determined to resign, in
which case M. ARMAND MARRAST will, it is conjec,
tured, be appointed President of the Council.
BOURSE—PARIS, THURSDAY, OCT. 12.
THREE O'CLOCK.—The accounts from Vienna created
considerable sensatiou at the Bourse to-day; and the
Rentes opened considerably lower than yesterday's
closing prices. Foreign politics have, however, not so
much influence on the French funds as domestic affairs;
and as it is believed that the Moderate party is likely to
come to an understanding with the Government, both
Rentes and Railway Shares continued steady during the
day. For the Account, the French Three per Cents.
have fallen 35c.; Five per Cents. have fallen 10c.; and
the Loan sc. For Money, the Three per Cents. have
fallen 10c.. Five per Cents. have fallen 5c., and the Loan
5e.; Bons du T14.0r not quoted; Bank of France Shares
have fallen 15f.; Belgian Bank Shares are at 645; Bel-
gian Five per Cents. remain at 78; Spanish Funds not
Tioted; Roman has fallen per cent.; Rothschild's Re-
ceipts not quoted. Exchange on London (30 days),
25 45; ditto (90 days) 25 224. Railway Shares for the
Account settling of 15th October—Northerns have fallen
If. 25e., Marseilles 2f. 50c. Strasburgs are the same
as yesterday. No others quoted. For cah, the Ver-
sailles (Left Bank) have advanced 2. 50e.; Orleans,
2f. 50c.; Rouens, 2f. 50e.; Marseilles, 2f. 50c.; Nantes,
2f. 50c.; Vicrzons, 3f. 75c.; Basles, If. 25c.; Bor-
deaux, Northerns, Strasburgs, and Lyons, remain as
yesterday.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, Oct 12.
Boulogne and Amiens, s%—Northern of France, 61i—
Orleans and Bordeaux, —Tours and Nantes, 1%.

The Espana says; "According to the communi-
cations received yesterday, it results that a conspiracy
has been discovered at Barcelona, in which two ex-
treme parties appear amalgamated. Amongst the
persons arrested is a chief of the army.
" The active Captain-General had proceeded
throughout with the greatest energy, adopting effi-
cacious measures to render powerless the enemies of
tranquillity and public order. Extraordinary precau-
tions had been taken at the Castle of Monjuich,at the
citadel, and at the other forts, although, as the conspi-
racy was discovered in time and the greater part of
the conspirators have been arrested, there was no
cause for the slightest fear. Patrols were passing
both within and without the place during the day."
The Fomento of Barcelona, of the 3d, states that
the conspiracy was got up in concert with the clubs
(i. e., emigrant clubs) of Perpignan and Thoulouse,
and that the parties received orders both from
CABRERA and AMETTLER. It says the plan was to
deliver over s.veral fortresses in Catalonia to
CABRERA) and to get hold of Montjuich, which
having been effected, a heavy contribution was to be
levied on the city of Barcelona, under threat of
bombardment. It does not state who were the par-
ties arrested in consequence of the discovery of this
plot, but days that the measures of the authorities
were taken in secret. Four battalions of (-2aodoret
were Wrought to narcelona, and many persons were
arrested, which was done so quietly that the public
in general knew nothing of u had was going on, but
flocked in great numbers to ,the yearly festival of
Sarria on the lst and 2d, aS usual. The principal
arrests must have been made on the night of the Ist.
The Fomento adds that three battalions of infantry
had left Barcelona, their presence there not being
necessary.

Letters from Algesiras and the Cadiz papers speak
of a conspiracy having been discovered there, of which
the Moderado account is, that it was intended to get
ppssession at first of a sum of public money amount-
ing to 9,000 or 10,000 dollars, which was coming