The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-10 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY 10, 1846.

Although it is impossible to prognosticate, with
any degree of certainty, upon the various borough
elections now pending in many widely scattered
provinces, it is easy enough to conjecture the conse-
quences of those elections. From the enthusiasm
displayed so universally by the population in favour
of the recent achievements and fluctuations of the
Parliamentary and Ministerial circles, it cannot re-
main matter of much uncertainty whether the candi-
dates particularly identified with the policy of the
RUSSELL Administration will be accepted or re-
jected. It cannot, we repeat, remain matter
of much uncertainty whether those who have
been especially instrumental in erasing a
monstrous and ruinous statute, and in substi-
tuting one in every way consonant with nature,
reason, civilisation, and common honesty, will be
spurned or welcomed by the population of Great
Britain. As Mr. COBDEN beautifully observed in the
final meeting of the League, the spirit of that extra-
ordinary association will pervade the earth, though
the body be deceased ; and that potent spirit,
living as it does in the hearts of our population, im-
buing their whole political sentiments, and predomi-
nating at this moment over every other exciting
cause in the popular mind, renders it infinitely
more than probable that the various electioneer-
ing scenes, throughout the United Kingdom, will
form one emphatic evidence of the satisfac-
tion of the British people. A testimonial is at pre-
sent being collected for presentation to Mr. COBDEN ;
another is being actively procured as a tribute of
gratitude and admiration to Sir ROBERT PEEL ; ten
thousand pounds are tendered to GEORGE WILSON,
the patriotic Chairman of the League. How much
nobler, how immeasurably more gratifying to such
characters, would be the unanimous approval of the
enfranchised men of England ! To recognise in the
unanimous result of so many borough and county
elections the voice of a whole nation according its
sanction to their recent proceedings, and according
that sanction more unmistakeably than any vestry
votes or corporation addresses, would, we are
assured, afford more solid gratification to those
champions of social freedom than cheques upon a
banker or marble effigies in a market-place. By the
triumphal return of liberal and free-trade candidates
throughout the country, the most brilliant testimonial
that inventiveness could devise would be simul-
taneously accorded to RICHARD COBDEN, CHARLES
VILLIERS, PEYRONNET THOMPSON, JOHN BRIGHT,
and their renowned colleagues ; and in that testi-
monial would be embodied an expression of grateful
approbation to Sir ROBERT PEEL. All this would be
accomplished by an unanimity in the selection of
representatives—and shall we not afford this tribute
to our benefactors by the realisation of this unanimity ?
We hope so ; and, heartily, we think so. If we might
calculate results by what has already transpired among
our metropolitan and provincial electors, we should at
once pronounce our conviction that the candidates
whom we have already specified will be alone wel-
comed in the vacant boroughs and counties. The ac-
ceptation of Lord J. RUSSELL, and Sir J. C. HOB -
HOUSE, and Sir D. LE MARCHANT, at London, Not-
tingham, and Worcester; and since then the return
of Mr. C. WooD, the new Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, as the representative for Halifax, have given
a propitious character to the vista of remaining elec-
tions and a genial colouring to the perspective
of the Ministry. Throughout those still
memberless districts we perceive, moreover,
every indication of the most complete success to the
Ministerial candidates. One circumstance should
never be forgotten during the course of these pro-
ceedings, namely, that whatever may have been the
conventional designation of the aspirants for the suf-
frages of the people—no matter whether they have
been hitherto classed among Conservatives, Whigs,
Tories, Liberals, or Radicals—they are now in every
way eligible as popular representatives to the Com-
mons House of Parliament, providing they recognise
and identify themselves with those principles
which have recently won their way among our
legislators, and which constitutes the chief cha-
racteristic of the RUSSELL Cabinet. Parties, we
would fain have our countrymen believe and
remember, were virtually abolished by the very con-
solidation of the League ; placemen found their final
reproof in the ready retirement of Sir ROBERT PEEL,
when that illustrious man might, by tenacity of
tenure, have continued in office many addi-
tional months ; and the present Premier has sig-
nalised to mankind the extinction of all party
distinctions by tendering to Lords DALHOUSIE and
LINCOLN a continuance in office under his Adminis-
tration. The House of Commons has, during this
session, afforded itself a lesson which can never be
overlooked—a lesson so salutary as to demonstrate to
all future statesmen that their allegiance is not in-
dissolubly bound up with any political clique what-
ever; but that upon principles, and upon principles
alone, they are to base their notions of legislation. With
this great and indisputable fact before them, the pro-
vincial electors of Great Britain will unanimously
accord their suffrages to the Ministerial candidates.

We published yesterday a letter from the Earl of
MILLTOwN to Mr. O'CoNNELL, suggesting the policy
of his postponing his exertions in favour of repeal for
a season, in order to give time to form an Irish party
to assist the Ministry, if willing—to urge them on,
if lagging—in procuringjustice for Ireland. His Lord-
shi p pledges himself, that if twelve months should
pass without the words of Sir ROBERT PEEL being
carried into effect, and perfect equality in civil, muni-
cipal, and political rights with England being ac-
corded to Ireland, that he will join in the efforts for
the repeal of the union, and relax his exertions for
the attainment of that object only with his life.
His Lordship has long been favourably known to
the people of Ireland as a politician of the
most liberal class—an ardent and enthusiastic advo-
vate of the rights of his native land, and for the re-
moval of the weighty and grievous wrongs under
which she has hitherto laboured. As such he is ex-
ceedingly popular amongst that warm-hearted and
grateful people, and much weight is necessarily
attachable to any recommendation coming from so
influential a person. Without joining in the pledge
with which he concludes, inasmuch as we are
thoroughly convinced that the object is unattainable,
and that were it otherwise, it would in its operation
be most injurious to both countries, we strongly urge
the adoption of the course proposed by his Lordship.
Mr. O'CONNELL has proved himself too sincere a patriot,
too honest a politician, to permit a doubt that he
would hesitate for a moment, on any personal consi-
deration, to forego his agitation, to use all his powers
to induce his followers to suspend the question of re-
peal, if he thought it for the benefit of his country
that he should do so. lie has long declared that all
he sought for or desired was perfect and entire
equality in every respect, that Ireland should form an
integral portion of the British empire, and that no in-
sulting distinctions should be permitted to exist. Ile
has declared that his object was equality, and not
separation, and that he was only induced to press on
the question of repeal from a feeling of certainty that
he could not obtain that justice which he required for
his country at the hands of a British Parliament. He
has repeatedly declared his willingness to give a trial
when any well-grounded hope presented itself of ob-
taining that justice even by instalments, and he has
acted up to that declaration under less favourable
circumstances and less propitious omens than those
which now exist. Everything at present appears in
the most cheering aspect for our sister kingdom;
bigotry and intolerance is now happily the exception,
and not the rule in our Legislature; every liberal
sentiment uttered on her behalf is received with the

most entire approbation, the most zealous of her
children have never demanded more than that which
the late Premier expressed in his retiring speech,
viz., a real and substantial equality. He has
gratuitously pledged himself to support and
co-operate with his successors in a line of
policy calculated to attain this object, and,
doubtless, his friends will follow the course pointed
out by their leader. A new Ministry, consisting of
those who have ever been the foremost to take
into their consiAration the grievances affecting
our Irish brethren, has just succeeded to power,
and its principal members have already, in their
addresses and speeches, declared their earnest
anxiety to ameliorate the condition of the Irish
people ; nay, the very materiel of which it is
composed would afford a testimony stronger than
any words, that it is their determination to act ac-
cording to that principle. In addition to the Mar-
quis of CLANRICARDE (now a Cabinet Minister), Mr.
SEMI, and Mr. W YSE, who were formerly
connected with the Whig Ministry, Sir WILLIAM
SOMERVILLE, the O'Corioa DON, and Mr. REDING-
TON have accepted office—an Irish Nobleman, of
large landed property in that kingdom, a kind and
liberal resident landlord, now fills the Viceroyalty—
an Irish lawyer, of the greatest eminence and the
most enlightened and liberal politics, respected and
beloved no less for his eminent legal acquire-
ments and his profound knowledge of law, than for
his admirable temper, his inexhaustible patience, the
courtesy of his demeanour, and the kindliness of his
disposition, has received the Great Seal as Lord
Chancellor—the new Chief Baron, a popular and
respected Roman Catholic—the new Solicitor-Gene-
ral, of the same creed—the important situation of
Under-Secretary for the Home Department conferred
upon Sir WILLIAM SOMERVILLE, one of the most
energetic of the Irish party, who was by the Irish
members selected for the difficult task of leading the
opposition to the Coercion Bill—the O'CoNoR DON,
the representative of the ancient monarchs of Ireland,
and esteemed less for his high blood and long descent
in a country where such recollections are cherished,
than for his own personal qualifications, being one of
the Lords of the Treasury, and Mr. REDINGTON, like
the O'CoNoR Dori, an Irish Roman Catholic of
large landed property, and who from his position as
one of the Irish Land Commissioners has had peculiar
opportunities of acquiring a knowledge of the
vitally important question of the social con-
dition of the people with respect to the
tenure of land and the relationship of
of landlord and tenant, being the Under Secretary
for Ireland. All these appointments prove that the
confidence of the Crown has been bestowed without
reference to religious distinctions, and that the motto
of the Government, in the distribution of its patron-
age on every new vacancy, will be, " Detur digniori."
It is surely not asking too much of the Irish people
to demand their confidence for a Ministry so consti-
tuted, and to require them to abstain, at least until
their well-founded expectations should he disap-
pointed, from any proceedings calculated to embar-
rass or impede their friends in the government of the
country. That they will act in this prudent and
generous manner we doubt not, and doubtless their
country will soon receive the benefit of so wise a de-
termination.

The Frankfort Journal states that there is no longer
any reason to doubt of a reconciliation being on foot
between France and Russia.

In the same paper we find the following :

" The Diet of the States of Lower Austria has just been
closed. The demands of the State have been transmitted to
the Marshal of the Diet. The Aulic Chancellor has been
charged to draw up a project of law on forced labour (corve'e)."

Lieutenant WAGHORN, who has by this time left
Vienna for Trieste, was received with the greatest
consideration by the Austrian Government. Prince
METTERNICH had positively assured him of the com-
pletion of the Salzburg Railway in three years. It
was said that the English Government had requested
him to make six successive experiments of conveying
the Indian overland mail via Trieste, before being
called on to decide in favour of that port.

It was reported at Turin that Austria had de-
manded of the Sardinian Government the dismissal
of M. B ALSO, the author of the " Prospects of Italy,"
and of the Marquis D'AZEGLIO, a distinguished
Italian author, from the offices which they respec-
tively held under the King of SARDINIA—a demand
with which his Sardinian MAJESTY had refused to
comply.

According to letters from Rome it would appear
that the POPE has commenced his reign by an act of
good policy as well as of humanity. He has given orders
to dissolve the extraordinary Political Commissions,
and to suspend all political prosecutions. On the
28th his HOLINESS signed the pardon of Professor
°atom, who had been Minister of Public
Instruction during the revolution of 1831,
and there is every reason to believe that
within the course of a few days a general am-
nesty will be published. The Governor of Rome
had caused several persons to be arrested. He was
called on by the POPE to explain his conduct, and
being unable to give any satisfactory reasons, the
prisoners were ordered to be immediately set
at liberty. In consequence of a disagree-
ment among the Cardinals comprising the tem-
porary commission of Government, Cardinals LAm-
BRITSCHINI7 MATTEL, and BERNETTI had tendered
their resignation. They belong to the old party of
the serviles, and LAMBRUSCHINI was the Minister of
the late Pope at the time the " thunders of the
Vatican" were launched against railways. On this
last subject a letter from Rome of the 28th, says—

" The question of railroads is already resolved in princi-
ple, according to the wish generally expressed by the men
who take an interrst in the progress of industry in the
Pontifical States. It is even asserted that the line from
Rome to Civita-Vecchia has been conceded to a company
represented by Count Cini. Prince Torlonia has applied for
the line from Civita-Vecchia to Ancona, and that from Rome
to the frontiers of Naples is applied for by Count Pianciani.
Thus, it will be seen, that the impulsion is given by the
most honourable, rich, and intelligent men in the country,
and it is favoured by the Government."

Madrid Papers of the 3d instant have arrived.

The Gazette announces the safe arrival, at Taragona,
of the troops embarked on board the steamer Alerta,
who were stated to have perished on the coast of
Almeira. The dissolution of the Provincial Militia
was proceeding quietly. The Progreshitas were in
great exultation at the receipt of the news of the
defeat of Sir R. PEEL, on the Irish Coercion Bill.
The Herald() declares that it has received informa-

tion that the Spanish emigrants in Lisbon are pre
paring for an attempt at counter-revolution in Spain

" MADRID, BOLSI., . JCLY 3 The Three per Cents. were
clone on the 3d at 324 for cash, and 32% for paper; the
Five per Cents., at 201/2 for paper; the Debt without Interest,
at 6,y,'4 for cash ; the shares of the Bank of San Fernando, at
282 ; and those of Isabel, at 197.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
They are occupied almost entirely with elec-
tioneering addresses. The following circular, ad-
dressed by the Minister of the Interior to the
Prefects of the Departments may be considered as
the Ministerial manifesto :—.

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trial
" Monsieur le Prefet,—l have sent you the royal ordon-
enlaenacieondsisasroelvai
for the destinies of our country. Every one must do his
duty in this decisive struggle. Ido not fear to render public
the instructions which I give you : they contain nothing
that is not conformity both with the principles of our con-
stitutional Government, and the maxims of loyalty and
honesty which ought to serve as a rule of conduct to every
one, whether belonging to the Administration or private
citizens. There are some persons who pretend that the
Administration, remaining impassable and inactive, ought
never to interfere in elections. These maxims have never
been put in practice under any Cabinet, and they are con-
trary to the very nature of our institutions. The Govern-
ment is unceasingly attacked in its acts, its system, and its
intentions. Far be from us the idea of complaining of that ;
it is the condition of all Powers, under the representative
system, to be subject to a continual control. But what
would become of a Government attacked unceasingly, which
should not be defended? The agents who represent it in a
direct manner are bound to forward its policy, which they
would not serve if they did not think good ; to strive
with courage and integrity against the manceuvres of
parties, to enlighten men's minds, when attempts are
made to deceive them, to bring round by conviction con-
scientious opinions, and to ensure the triumph of such
principles of Government as may best respond to the wants
of our times and of our country. What I ask from you is
the exercise of thislfrank and loyal influence—nothing inure,
nothing less. The independence of consciences ought to be
scrupulously respected ; public interests and lawful rights
ought never to be sacrificed to electoral calculations. It is
neither by the seduction which belongs to the hope of un-
merited personal favours, nor by the intimidation which
would disturb, by the exercise of a right, situations lawfully
acquired, that you ought to win over suffrages to the policy
of the Government. Severe fidelity to the rules of justice
in the furtherance of business, respect for liberty of voting,
with at the same time a firm and persevering action on men's
minds, are the principles which, in election matters, ought
to preside
over the relations of the administration with the
citizens. The principal strength of great political parties is in