The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-01 00:00:00

s
111:11
)11113

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 1, 1846.

THE NEW MINISTRY.

The following are said to be some of the new ap-
pointments :
President of the Board of
Control ... Sir J. C. HOBHOUSE.
Chief Secretary for Ireland Sir W. SOMERVILLE.
Judge-Advocate ... Mr. CHARLES BULLER.
Vice-President of the Board
of Trade ........ ..... Mr. WARD.
Under-Secretary for Home
Department
Comptroller of the House-
hold
Secretary tc the Treasury Mr. TUFNELL.
/Admiral DUNDAS,
Lords of the Admiralty ... Sir T. TROUBRIDGE,
Captain BERKELEY.

Mr. HAWES.

The resignation of the Ministry was on Monday
notified to both Houses of Parlian.ent. The Duke of
WELLINGTON announced it in the upper House, in
his usually terse manner, whilst Sir R. PEEL dis-
charged the same duty, at considerable length, in the
House of Commons. Lord JOHN RUSSELL has re-
ceived her MAJESTY'S commands to form an Adminis-
tration. The House of Lords will sit daily to pass
the Sugar Duties Bill (which was read a third time
on Monday in the Commons), continuing the present
duties for one month from the sth July next._ The

House of Commons, at the request of Lord J. Rus-
SELL, conveyed through Sir R. PEEL, has adjourned
till Friday next. In the meanwhile, Committees will
sit for the furtherance of railway and other private
business.

The retiring address of Sir R. PEEL was moderate,
dignified, and interesting, in the highest degree. He
not only modestly reviewed the past, but, in a candid
and generous spirit, indicated, as far as he could, the
principles by which his policy, in his capacity of a
private Member of Parliament, would in future be
governed. Nothing was left unsaid which could
tend to diminish a sense of the difficulties that may
pervade Lord J. Russzkes mind, in his renewed at-
tempt to govern the affairs of the empire. He has
encouraged his chief political opponent in every way to
brace his mind to fulfil the high trust which the
SOVEREIGN has summoned him to undertake. Lord
J. RUSSELL has gained great credit in the eyes of
the country by the honourable manner in which be
supported the late Government, and ministered to
the success of their comprehensive measures ; and his
Lordship must now feel that Sir R. PEEL is fer-
vently disposed to requite the obligation in the most
liberal manner.

The nation will ever retain a lively remembrance
of the inappreciable public benefits that have been
conferred upon it during the last five years by the
chief of the late Cabinet. It will not be forgotten by
the people that, for their sakes, he propounded his
magnificent schemes of commercial reform, though
fully aware they would lead to his expulsion from
power, and entail upon him, the keenest sacrifices

that any man could make for his country's good.
The value of office to one of so princely an income as
Sir ROBERT PEEL is insignificant enough ; but the
loss of private friendship, the severance of many a
political tie, proudly cherished, and the disruption of
a powerful party, are marks of patriotic devotion
rarely witnessed. Yet all of these stand out in bold
relief in the character of Sir ROBERT PEEL. He will
gain the only reward he can be ambitious of—the
present gratitude of the nation, and the admiration of
posterity. The hopes so emphatically expressed in
his closing sentences of Monday night will be realised
to the full. These were his words :—" It may be that
I shall retire from office with a name some-

times remembered with expressions of good-
will in those dwellings which are the
abodes of men whose lot it is to labour, and to earn
their daily bread by the sweat of their brows; that is,
a name remembered with expressions of goodwill,
when they shall recruit their strength with abundant
and untaxed food, the sweeter, because it is no longer
leavened by a sense of injustice."

It is observable that Sir R. PEEL has strictly
acted up to the letter of the constitutional advice he
tendered, and the principle he laid down, when he
moved, in opposition, in 1841, that the Ministry were
no longer entitled to the confidence of the country.
He stated then, that a Government ought not to re-
main in office "upon sufferance," but particularly
when they were unable to carry measures which they
deemed to be essential to the welfare:of the nation.
He explained last night that, being convinced he
could not continue to preside over the Government
without being reduced to a similar position, both he
and his colleagues had unanimously and unhesitatingly
determined to resign.
It is the manifest intention of the ex-Minister to
give the protectionists a locus panitentia. Of the mo-
nopolists, par excellence, he disposed with- withering
contempt—" I shall leave," said Sir ROBERT, " a
name execrated by every monopolist, who maintains
protection for his own individual ends." But of the
greater portion of the protectionists he seems to have
better hopes, believing that from no interested motives
they have upheld the principle of protection, and
believing also, that when, after a short interval, they
shall have discovered all the apprehensions, which
have scared them from their propriety, to have become
practically dissipated—that land has retained its
ordinary value, the revenue its vigour, and the
country its prosperity—they will do the amende
honorable, and return to the political ranks from
which they have so mutinously deserted.
The views which Sir ROBERT enunciated with
respect to Ireland will be hailed with universal
delight. He is prepared to establish in Ireland
the same political and religious equality enjoyed in
England and Scotland, to effectuate a complete re-
semblance, as far as is practicable, between
the franchise, the municipal and other politi-
cal bodies of the former and those of the latter.
This is the true spirit which should animate our
national councils, and, under its guidance, we may
inok tsi, goo Irals.r.l. raytaly irogonorsitod.

Referring to the vast measures that had been passed
by his Government towards establishing a clear and
unrestricted commercial - intercourse with other
countries, Sir ROBERT PEEL assumed that his
successor would use every exertion to develope
the principles of free trade, and assured him
of his most cordial support. We rejoice at this de-
claration, and shall be disappointed indeed if Lord
JOHN should not at once propose to rid our statute-
book of the differential duties upon sugar. Thecountry,
is, at this moment, seriously threatened, as evidenced by
the latest accounts from the West India islands, with
a scarcity of this necessary of life. Lord JOHN can-
not fairly plead that his recent accession to power
disables him from dealing immediately with this
question ; for the notice he recently gave of the reso-
lutions he intended to move in reference to sugar,
is conclusive as to his being already master of the
subject. It is one of pressing importance, and,
assured of the advantage of Sir R. PEEL'S powerful
aid, no time should be lost in recommending to Par-
liament the early extinction of these injurious duties.

At no moment of his important career, at no moment
of his greatest triumph, has the late Premier suc-
ceeded so thoroughly in obtaining for himself the
respect and esteem of all good and honest men, the
profound admiration of a grateful nation, as at the
moment of his secession from power, of delivering
over the destinies of the country to his successors in
office. He has exhibited the converse of that which
was said of the Minister of old--
" Who to party gave up
What was meant for mankind."

Sir ROBERT PEEL, when thoroughly satisfied that
the well-being of the nation at large was necessarily
involved in the recognition of the great principles of
free trade, that their adoption by the Legislature was
essential to the commercial prosperity and to the
happiness of his country, hesitated not to sacrifice
place and power, to dissolve and disunite a
party, probably the most powerful that had existed
for Many years, to cast away long cherished
private friendships, and to expose himself to the
most embittered and rancorous attacks, ,the most
venomous and malignant hostility, from a factious
section of the monopolist party. By his conduct he
attained for himself a position probably higher than
that ever achieved by a public man, and well and nobly
has he sustained that high position, and added 'addi-
tional laurels to those which already had graced his
brow. No one can read the statement of the reasons
which led to the resignation of the PEEL Ministry
without being
rinbepeiinige impressed with a deep sense of the
exhibited, the magnanimous and
honourable course pursued. Sir ROBERT clearly
pointed out his thorough knowledge of the position
in which his Government was placed. They felt
the impossibility of continuing to administer, with
credit to themselves, the affairs of the nation in the
face of such a reckless and factious opposition as that
manifested by a portion of their former supporters,
and they had recourse to no unworthy means to pro-
long their tenure of office, to retain to themselves its
honours, emoluments, and patronage ; they sought not
the chance of a dissolution for the purpose of retain-
ing power for themselves, although they would un-
hesitatingly have appealed to the country for the
purpose of carrying, in their integrity, the great
measures of commercial policy to which they had
pledged themselves. The point, however, on which
probably the most interest was felt was the announce-
ment of the views and feelings of the late Prime
Minister with respect to the future policy to be pursued
towards Ireland. He had ever stated that it was the
great difficulty of his Government. It was on an
Irish question that he sustained the defeat which led
to his abandonment of office. We deeply regretted,
and earnestly deprecated, the pressing on of the
measure, when, as we conceived, the painful causes
which had evoked it had terminated, and
when tranquillised and peaceful Ireland bore the
most honourable..testimony to the efficacy of

the liberal and conciliatory measures brought
forward by the Government. Sir ROBERT,
however, we doubt not, conscientiously conceived it
to be his duty to persevere, and many consistent and
liberal politicians felt it to be their duty to oppose
, the granting of the unconstitutional powers to be
thereby created, so restrictive to the liberty of the
subject, unless the most imperative present necessity
existed for their concession. He has spoken out
6 boldly and fairly as to his feelings on the subject.
He stated that to the opinions which he avowed
at the close of the last session of Parliament, to
the opinions which had a practical effect given to
them by the Charitable Bequests Act, and by the
additional vote for the endowment of Maynooth, he
now, when about to relinquish office, entirely
subscribed ; he deprecated the inference that,
because the Government had proposed measures
which had been termed measures of coercion,
but which they called measures for the protection
of life, their views with regard to the policy to be
pursued towards Ireland had undergone any
change, and he now stated that, in his opinion,
there ought to be established between England and
Ireland a complete equality in all civil, municipal,
and political rights—a real and substantial equality,
and that no person should be enabled to say, " that a
different law is enacted for Ireland; and, on account
of some jealousy or suspicion, Ireland has curtailed
and mutilated rights." This is, indeed, a cheering
avowal for the friends of that country—it is all that
can be wished for, or required, on its behalf:
if fully and efficiently carried into execution, it
must remove every well grounded cause of com-
plaint, and make Ireland happy and contented, the
right' arm of Great Britain, a source of strength and
power. We trust the intention will be ably followed
up by the new Government, now that they are
assured of the zealous and cordial co-operation and
the powerful support of the Right Honourable
Baronet in giving effect to their good in-
tentions. With respect to the Executive Ad-
ministration the confidence of the Crown should
be bestowed without reference to religious distinc-
tions. He stated the difficulties which he had expe-
rienced in giving effect to that principle, and that if
his successors should act thereon, they should hear
no complaint from him on that ground; and he
avowed his readiness to co-operate with those to
whom the practical administration of affairs might
be entrusted on the vitally important questions
of the social condition of the people, with
respect to the tenure of land and the relationship
between landlord and tenant. These manly and
honest declarations were deservedly'receiveci with the
most entire approbation by the House. Sir R. PEEL
has most assuredly done all in his power to smooth
the path of his successors on the Irish questions, and
we doubt not that they will receive at his hands a
reciprocation of the honourable support which they
rendered to him in giving effect to his great measures
of commercial policy.

According to the Frankfort Gazette, Cracow will
henceforth be governed by three directors, SCHINDLER,
the ex-president, nominated byAustria,MicaoszEwsm,
the ex-director of police, nominated by Russia, and
the senator, VICTOR KorFT, nominated by Prussia.

Accounts from Switzerland, dated Zurich, June
25, state that the Canton of Tessino has demanded of
the Diet a law declaring that military capitulations
with foreign states are incompatible with the na-
tional institutions of Switzerland, and that when the
existing capitulations shall have expired, they shall
not be renewed. On the suggestion of the Canton
of Thurgovia, seven of the cantons have agreed to
demand simultaneously of the Diet the dissolution
of the alliance of the Catholic cantons. The Direc-
tory has demanded of the Government of Lucerne
a categorical explanation of the nature and object of
this alliance. The Lucerne authorities, in reply,
transmitted to the Vorort a copy of the programme
of the conferences at Lucerne, which has already
been published.

Madrid papers to the 23d have been received. The
Government had received information from Portugal
stating that Miguelite bands had appeared in different
parts of the country. The Spanish authorities hav-
ing been informed that an erneute of the ex-National
Guard of Madrid was organised for the 24th, had
adopted measures for the preservation of the public
peace, and the repression of alI attempts at disorder.
The Infant Don ENRIQUE left Bayonne for Paris
on the 25th June. He was escorted by the whole
garrison, and a salute of twee ty-one guns was fired at
his departuro. So sora cyr, t‘. 11.1.5
PHILIPPE, by special invitation. He is to remain
some days in Paris, and to proceed from thence to
Brussels. to visit his sister, from whence he will re-
turn to Bayonne. General NARVAEZ will, it is said,
leave Bayonne for Paris in a few days.

The Three per Cents. were done at 331/2 for cash ; the
Five per Cents. at 201/2 for paper ; the Debt without In-
terest at 61/2 for cash ; and the shares of the Bank of San
Fernando at 280 ; and those of Isabel at 90.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday.
They all comment upon the defeat of Sir R. PEEL
on the Irish Bill, and the change of Ministry which
must take place in consequence.
The Journal des Debats says—

" The vote which has for the present terminated the Minis-
terial career of Sir Robert Peel, took place at a quarter past
two o'clock on Friday morning. A few hours before that
event the Corn Bill was, without going to a division, read a
third time by the House of Lords. On the same evening, in
the House of Commons, the Conservative Minister played
his last game, and had against him a majority of 73 votes.
We were certain of his defeat. It was evident for some time
past that the majority of 1841 was in a state of complete dis-
solution. Nevertheless the result of the vote, or at least the
number of the majority, has surprised every one, and can
only be attributed to the conviction felt generally, that Sir
Robert Peel had resolved to retire at all events. It is a
remarkable fact that during the debate that preceded
this defeat, Sir Robert Peel obtained a great triumph.
Eaoh of his adversaries before voting against him exalted
him by his words ; and as it were demanded
pardon for the blow he was about giving him. Mr.
Charles Buller, Mr. Sheil, Mr. Cobden, three most im-
portant Members of the House, made it a point to justify
their intended vote against the Minister. Nevertheless, not-
withstanding ail these testimonies of admiration and respect
that he received from his adversaries, Sir Robert Peel is
not less thrown out of office. The considerable majority
which decided the struggle sufficiently proves to him that he
can do nothing more in the present House of Commons, and
that he must adopt anothlfr course. If it could ever be per-
mitted to assert that the Legislature did not actually re-
present the country, it would be most assuredly in the
present case. It is certaia that Sir Robert Peel is at this
moment the most popular man in Great Britain. The
illuminations which are about to hail the final
abolition of the tax on bread will display in brilliant
lights the name or initials of the great Minister who
endowed his country with that popular reform, and in a few
days we may expect to find the fallen statesman overwhelmed
with addresses of congratulation, and all the commercial
towns voting him their thanks. An artist whose great
talent could not prevent him from misfortune, and who com-
mitted suicide a few days past—liaydon—had previously to
his death appealed to the liberality of several persons of rank.
Sir Robert Peel alone answered the application and when
overwhelmed with affairs and worried on every side, he had,
nevertheless, an ear for the last cry of the unfortunate artist,
and a generous hand to relieve it. The few lines which the
unhappy painter traced previously to his committing the
fatal act have created as much sensation in England as the
occurrence of a political event."

The Epoque avows that it looks with misgivings
at the advent of the Whigs to power, and fears that it
may jeopardise the entente cordiale which forms tie
basis of the policy of M. GUIzOT and Sir ROBERT
PEEL.

The Siicle draws a comparison between Sir R.
PEEL and M. GUIZOT, insinuating that the fall of
the latter will be a consequence of that of the
former.

The National considers a coalition Ministry, of
which both Sir R. PEEL and Lord J. RUSSELL
shall be members, as sooner or later inevitable, and
regards Mr. COBDEN'S speech as most important,

inasmuch as it proves that such an alliance would
meet with the approval of the League.
The price of bread was increasing in the French
provinces in consequence of a deficient supply of corn.
The Government were adopting means to mitigate
the pressure; of the apprehended scarcity and to
keep down the price. At Metz a large quantity
of corn belonging to the War Department has been
delivered to the local authorities, on condition of being
replaced after the harvest.

The Chamber of Peers passed several Bills on
Saturday.

The Moniteur contains the returns of the imports
into France during the month of May, 1846, from
which it results that the duties received upon them
amounted to 13,117,984 f. They have been in May,
1844, 12,575,250 f. ; and in 1845, 14,017,647 f. Those
duties produced, however, during the five first
months of 1846, 62,064,171 f., showing an increase of
769,383 f. as compared with 1845, and of 2,587,903 f.
over 1844.
The Apostolical Nuncio presented to the Km on

Saturday a letter from Pope Pius IX., notifying his
election to the Holy See. The announcement of the ap-
pointment of Cardinal GIZZY to the office of Secretary
of State by the new Pope is premature. His Holiness
has not yet made any appointments.
Accounts from Algiers of the 19th of June an-
nounce the satisfactory state of the provinces of Al-
giers and Oran. Of the movements of ABD-EL
FADER nothing is known with certainty. Marshal
BUGEAUD, writing from Algiers on the 19th of June,
says--" ABD-EL-KADER. was at Assela on the Ist
inst., on his way westward to Sefisila, where he was
said to have arrived on the 10th. Then he would
be close to the Moorish Desert ;" while General
THIERRY, in a letter from Oran of the same date,
states—" that on the lath he had heard from Ge-
neral CAVAIGNAC that ABD-EL-KADER was about to
rejoin his deira, at El Korl, on the Upper Molonia."
A French soldier, named BEAUPRETE, who was a
prisoner in the deira of ABD-EL-KADER at the time
of the massacre, arrived, on the 12th June, at Tiaret,
having escaped almost by a miracle. It is hoped that
others may likewise have escaped, and may even-
tually be restored to their country.
The following intelligence from Rio de la Plata is
published in the Journal du Havre of Saturday :
" The postscripts of several commercial letters from
Buenos Ayres, dated May 8, brought by the Coriolan, mer-
chant vessel, which arrived here yesterday, state that two
Sardinian brigs and an English vessel having succeeded
during the night in forcing the blockade of the combined
squadron, the English and French commanders immediately
dispatched armed boats in pursuit of them. They were
soon overtaken. The two Sardinians having run aground,
were set on fire, and the English vessel was brought off and
placed at the disposal of the British Commander. An Eng-
lish officer, sent with a flag of truce to Buenos Ayres, had
been massacred by the mob. That event had caused a deep
sensation, and the commanders of the combined forces were
making preparations to revenge that murder."
e Three per Cents. were done in the Passage
de l'Opera, on Sunday, at 82f. 85c.; and Northern
shares at 715 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JUNE 29.
Boulogne and Amiens, 123,4—Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette
(Mackenzie), I%—Dutch Rhenish, 7%—Namur and Liege. a%—
Northern of France Constituted, 14.%—Orleans and Bordeaux, 9%
—Paris and Lyons Constituted, 6%—Paris and Strasbourg Consti-
tuted, 414—Sambre and Meuse, 4;2—West Flanders, 3% •

BATHS AND WASH-HOUSES Fon THE POOL—The
Committee for promoting the establishment of baths and
wash-houses for the poor have announced that consider-
able progress has been made in the erection of their inten-
ded model establishment in Goulstone-square, White-
chapel, but that a considerable additional subscription
will be needed for the completion of the works in hand.
That this simple announcement will be alone sufficient
to produce, and to produce speedily too, the necessary
funds we cannot for a moment doubt. This is a matter
in which all aro equally interested. The Committee
appeal to the generosity of the public—they might have
appealed to their interest. Filth generates fever, and if
fever breaks out in a poor district it extends its ravages
into the richer districts bordering on it. Now the only
prophylactic against fever is cleanliness, and by promot-
ing habits of cleanliness among all classes of the com-
munity, by affording to the poor every facility and en-
couragement to make use of frequent bathings and ablu-
tions ; the rich are, in fact, conferring nearly as great a be •
nefi t upon themselves as they are upon their poorer neigh-
bours, for they are preventing the generation of contagi-
ous and dangerous diseases, which, when once generated,
are no respecters of persons. The establishment of
baths and wash-houses is a most important measure of
public Hygiene ; and we hope soon to see them es-
tablished throughout the length and breadth of the land,
not only for the labouring classes, but for all classes of
the community. In England cheap baths are a national
want which must and ought to be supplied.