The Sun.
London, England, 1846-01-31 00:00:00

THE SUN LONDON, SATURDAY! MORN IN JANUARY 31, 1846.

PUBLIC INCOME AND EXPENDITURE.-BALANCE-SHEET.

An Account of the Net Public Income of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the year ended the sth day of January, 1846, after abating the Expenditure thereout defrayed by the several
Revenue Departments, and of the actual Issues or Payments within the same Period, exclusive of the Sums applied to the Redemption of Funded or paying off Unfunded Debt, and of the Advances and
Repayments for Local Works, &c.

Applicable to
-
INCOME OR REVENUE. Consolidated Other Public EXPENDITURE.
Fund. Services. Total.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
ORDINARY REVENUE AND RECEIPTS. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Funded Debt.—lnterest and Management of the Permanent Debt ............... 23,847,242 19 0
Customs 19,695,196 0 4 501,660 110 20,196,856 2 2 Terminable Annuities
3,980,022 11 3
Excise 13.585,582 17 1 ... ••• 13,585,582 17 1
Stamps 7,710,682 19 9 ••• ••• 7,710,682 19 9 Total Charge of the Funded Debt, exclusive of 9,407/. 2s. 3d., the Interest
Taxes (Land and Assessed).. 4,223,842 210 ... 4,223,842 210 on Donations and Bequests. . 27,827,265 10 3
Property-tax 5,026,570 0 2 ... ••• 5,026,570 0 2 Unfunded Debt.—lnterest on Exchequer-bills
Post Office 753,000 0 0 ••• ••• 753,000 0 0
---- 28,253,872 6 11
Crown Lands 120.000 0 0 ••• ••• 120,000 0 0 Civil List ~ 392,165 0 0
Is. and 6d. and 4s. in the £on Pensions and Salaries.... 4,639 15 8 ••• ••• 4,639 15 8 Annuities and Pensions for Civil, Naval, Military, and Judicial Services,
Small Branches of the Hereditary Revenues of the Crown 56,104 16 0 •.• ••• 56,104 16 0 &c., charged by various Acts of Parliament on the Consolidated Fund 544,408 8 0
Surplus Fees of Regulated Public Offices 41,839 10 8 ••• ••• 41,839 10 8 Salaries and Allowances
---____ Diplomatic Salaries and Pensions , 175,,192 8 3
51,217,458 2 6 501,660 110 51,719,118 4 4 Courts of Justice ........................................................................ 769,433 1 2
Miscellaneous Charges on the Consolidated Fund 286,379 13 5
OTHER RECEIPTS.
Army
Money from China under the Treaty of August, 1842:- 1,142,923 18 9 ••• •••• 1,142,923 18 9 Navy , ................................................................................. 6,809,872 10 7
Imprest and other Monies
Money received from the East India Company 60,000 0 0 ••• 60,000 0 0 Miscellaneous, chargeable on the Annual Grants of Parliament 2,726,147 3 7
Unclaimed Dividends (more than paid)
52,558,693 15 11 501,660 110 53,060,353 17 9 49,061,411 17 7
Unclaimed Dividends more than received
49,242,713 6 7
• Excess of Income over Expenditure ••• 3,817,640 11 2
53,060,353 17 9 •••
1 I
53,060,353 17 9

An Account of the Balances of the Public Money remaining in the Excl
ended the sth day of January, 1846 ; the Money applied towards tl
Works, &c., with the Difference accruing thereon ; and the Balances i

hequer on the sth day of January, 1845; the Amount of Money raised by the Additions to the Funded or Unfunded Debt in the Year
;he Redemption of the Funded or paying off Unfunded Debt; the Total Amount of Advances and Repayments on Account of Local
in the Exchequer, on the sth day of January, 1846.

£ 0. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. ISSUED. £ a. d. £ s. d.
BALANCES in the EXCHEQUER on the sth day of January, 1845
••• ••• 6,254,113 9 8
To the Commissioners for the reduction of the National
Debt, to be applied to the redemption of the Public
Debt :
MONEY RAISED IN THE YEAR ENDING THE STH DAY OF JANUARY, 1846, BY By issues per Act 10 George IV., c. 27 3,134,484 0 11
By interests on donations and bequests 9,407 2 3
THE CREATION OF FUNDED OR UNFUNDED DEBT.
4,143,891 3 2
Exchequer-bills 18,407,3001, charged on Supplies, per Act 7 Victoria,, Deduct sum applied not in redemption of Funded
c. 149,024,900 0 0 Debt, but of Consolidated Fund Deficiency Bills 2,800,000 0 0
1,343,891 3 2
To the Paymasters of Exchequer-bills for payment of
Exchequer-bills, 9,379,6001., charged on Supplies, per Act 8 Victoria, Unfunded Debt :
c. 23
.. . 9,269,600 0 0 Money out of the Consolidated Fund for payment!
18,294,00 0 0 of Public Works, West India Relief, and Shan-,
non Bills ' 173,500 0 0
Exc
lidhatedequeFunr-bills
per for Public Works.—G
C. 10 reat Britain (charged on Conso- Money out of Ways and Means Grants applied'
d),Victuria,
.• ••• 12,000 0 0 to payment of Supply Bills ; 24,300 0 0
Exchequer-bills issued for payment of Supply]
Bills 18,294,500 0 0
Exchequer-bills, West India Relief, per Act 6 and 7 Victoria, c. 87
Total amount of advances for Local Works, BLc.,
under authority of various Act of Parliament ••• 2,005,570 13 3
Exchequer bills, IV ist India Reli f, p.r Act 2 and 3 William IV., c. 125.... 2,700 0 0 Deduct ditto re-payments, ditto 1 1,860,897 15 74
54,700 0 0 144,672 17 71
18,361,200 0 0 Balances in the Exchequer on the sth day of July,
Excess of Income over Expenditure
••• ••• ••• ••• 3,817,640 11 2 1846
••• ••• 8,452,090 0 01
28,432,954 0 10i 28,432,954 0 101-

Whittball Treasury Chambers, Jan. 22, 1846.

STEAM STATISTICS OF THE
BENGAL PRESIDENCY.

The Friend of India, of Nov. 27, has an elaborate
article on the Steam statistics of the Bsngal Presidency.
The progress ss hich has been made in the introduction
of steam power at this presidency, cannot fail to be an
object of interest to all those who are desirous of seeing
the application of European skill, enterprise, and capital
to the development of the natural re,ources of the
country. The above journal, therefore, offers no apo-
logy for the publication of the following statement of
the numbers cf steam-engines now employed in the
various departments of industry, and their aggregate
horse power. It has been drawn up with considerable
labour, and though, in particular cases, it may be some-
what deficient in accuracy, from the difficulty of procur-
ing information regarding private establishments, yet it
is presented with a feeling of perfect confidence in its
substantial correctness. According to the figures thus
furnished, there are 15 engines, working at the rate of
168-horse power, in sugar factories; 14 engines, with
123-horse power, in sugar refineries; 8 engines, with
111-horse power, employed in the traffic of the docks;
8 engines, with 80-horse power, in the collieries; 6 en-
gines, with 158-horse power, in the flour and rice mills;
4 engines, with 46-horse power, in the paper manufac-
tories; and 15 engines, with 238 horse power, in miscel-
laneous establishments. The steamers carrying on the
trade of the presidency, including the Hindoostan, Ben-
tinck, and Precursor, number 73 engines, with 4,894-
horse power. In the Government departments 8 engines,
with 168-horse power, were employed. The steamers
building would increase the number of engines by eight,
with 370-horse power; and the sugar factories in pro-
gress would further augment the amount by 4 engines,
with 70 horse power. The summary of this statement
is as follows :

Engines. H.P.
Sugar works and refineries
Docks
Collieries
Flour and rice mills
Paper manufactories
Miscellaneous l5 238
Government departments
Sea steamers
Inland steamers
Packets
Tugs and pleasure boats 2l 1114

From this account it seems that there are in active em-
ployment in the Bengal Presidency no fewer than 151
steam-engines, of nearly 6,000-horse power. It is gene-
rally supposed that the first steam-engine set to work
in the Presidency was introduced by the Serampore
mis.tionaries in the year 1820, for the manufacture of
paper, which then sold at 150 per cent. beyond the
price now realised in the market. Before that event, it
is said a Mr. W. Smith employ ed a small engine of
2-horse power in his dock-yards, but the statement
is regarded as not altogether authentic. Between the
years 1820 and 1837, 65 engines of 1,800-horse power
were introduced, 35 engines of 574-horse power being
contributed by the enterprise of private individuals, and
30 engines of 1,258-horse power by the Govern•
ment. It is, however, during the last seven years,
since the liberty granted to Europeans to hold lands in
India has effectually come into operation, that the extra-
ordinary increase of steam power, as applied to agricul-
tural improvements, has take-n place. During this period
the number of steam-engines introduced into the country
by private individuals and public associations, as well as
by the Government, amounted to 97, and their aggregate
horse power to 4,700. Neither has the increase of steam
rniviiinery reached its height. The introduction of new
engines continues without diminution. Every year, and
almost every month, new factories are established, and
attempts are constantly in progress to apply steam power
to fresh branches of labour. It is considered that the
presidency of Bengal is only in its infancy as regards the.
employment of steam power, and the statistics of another
seven years, it is believed, will create much greater sur-
prise than those now published.
With respect to the subject of. fuel the Friend of
China observes, " that the quantity of coal brought
do vn from what are erroneously called the Burwan col-
lieries, during the present season, has °mounted to
72,000 tons, or about twenty lakhs of maunds ; and
that such is the rapid increase of steam-engines, that
even this supply is by no means adequate to the demand.
Then, it must be remembered, that the numerous sugar
works with which British enterprise is now studding the
upper provinces, are rapidly consuming the supply of
wood which is now available ; that the country must, at
no very distant period, become as bare of trees as ever
Scotland was in the days of Johnson, and that the con-
tinuance of manufactures in the Agra Presidency must
soon come to depend on the chance of obtaining coal
from the lower provinces by means of the rail, unless
beds of coal in accessible localities be intermediately
discovered in the more immediate neighbourhood of
these sugar factories."

STEAM VESSELS OF TUE BENGAL PRESI-

DENCY.

The following is a detail of the number of engines
and amount of horse power of the Bengal Presidency.
The first four belong to the Peninsular and Oriente'
Steam Navigation Company.
Hindostan, Bentinck, and Precursor 6 1560
India 2 249
Fire Queen
Inland Steam Navigation, Govern-
ment 9O
Sea steamers, Government
Tugs, Tug Company
▪ Hoogly Company
• Bates, Fielden, and Co.
... Belleau
... Satellite
... Coal Company
▪ Assam Company
~. Pleasure boats..

670
1030
520
200
220
50
90

METROPOLITAN DRAPERS' AS-

SOCIATION.

A public meeting of this Association was held yester-
day evening, in the Theatre of the Marylebone Literary
Institution, Edward-street, Portman-square, Commodore
Sir C. Napier in the chair. The theatre was densely
crowded, a great portion of the audience being ladies.
The CnAramAN then rose and said—Ladies and Gen-

tlemen, I have been requested this evening to attend this
meeting, in order to assist in every way that we can do
the exertions of the Metropolitan Drapers' Association
in their admirable objects ; more particularly by inducing
the inhabitants of the metropolis to use their endeavours
t ) assist the drapers in abridging the hours of
business. It must be very evident to every lady and
gentleman here, that without their aid the drapers them-
s, lees, where competition is so great, cannot put an end
to their late hours, unless they are assisted by the parties
who deal with them. I address myself to the ladies par-
ticularly, because it rests more particularly with them to
change this system. lam reminded by my friend beside
me that the Metropolitan Drapers' Association does not
confine its operations to one class of shopmen, but
that they extend it to all trades in London. It is obvious
that unless ladies and gentlemen unite firmly and de-
terminedly to give the preference to such shops as close
at an early hour, that these young men cannot succeed
in their efforts. You must all be aware that when a
young man sets up in business in any street in London,
it is his object to rise in the world as soon as possible.
But to do this it is necessary that he enters into compe-
tition with richer and more powerful neighbours. In
order to do this it is to be expected that he will keep
open as long as he can, and, therefore again, unless the
ladies show their determination not to encourage the
late hour system, he will continue to keep open ; but if
they once show their disapprobation then the system
is got rid of. lam almost ashamed to say that I have
not paid much attention to this subject, because it had
never before been brought before me, but I had a book
sent me this morning, which I had just time to read,
and I can recommend it strongly to those who
have not read it. That book tells me that
these young men are engaged from seven in
the morning till ten or eleven o'clock at
night. It is therefore impossible that they can
enjoy either happiness, or comfort, or health—(Hear,
hear)—and the medical men who have studied this sub-
ject show clearly and distinctly, that owing to the sours
they are confined it is a matter of impossibility that they
can enjoy good and sound health. I repeat that it is not
then to be wondered at that persons thus placed, from
one end of the country to the other, in London, as in the
villages and towns of England, whether engaged in
manufacturers or otherwise, cannot reach a mature age.
You can hardly find a shopkeeper, unless he has reached
the dignity of a conductor, who has turned 35 or 40
years of age, I call on you, therefore, ladies to come
forward and unite in this cause as much as you possibly
can. Last night in the House of Commons Lord Ashley
brought forward his motion for a ten hours' factory
Bill, and no person who heard him, or read his speech,
but must have felt most strongly the force of his argu-
ments. Even those who opposed him admitted that
those things required a change. When the mill was
started in the morning the poor men, women, and
children employed in it were obliged to remain
for the day, whether they pleased or no. It was
al,o stated that many men were, in consequence
of the ex tende.t laws, thrown telt of employment, be-
cause a great part of the work was of that character
that it was more fitted for women and for children.
Unless this Bili is passed, I cannot see that any pro-
tection will remain to these children, and so it is with
the shoptnen of this metropolis. Therefore, let you
who are assembled here in this district, as well as those
who are met in the other districts of London, lend your
helping hand to compass this good end, and endeavour
to influence your friends also, to give, by an early system
of shop-shutting, an opportunity to the young men em-
ployed to benefit themselves. As placed here, my only
duty is to preserve order while the resolutions are being
moved and seconded, and if any gentleman has anything
to say in opposition or in favour of them, they will be
heard with patient attention. I shall now call upon the
gentleman behind me to move the first resolution.

Mr. LILLWALL said he rose with much pleasure to
express his sentiments on the object which had called
them together. The importance of it, he believed,
was felt by all present. There was certainly one irre-
sistible argument in favour of the object which the
association sought to obtain, that in proportion to the
amount of good there was not a corresponding amount
of evil ; much more, there was a great and invaluable
good without any resulting evil. The reasonableness of
this demand could not be denied. Many might delay
in coming forward to help in advancing the cause, but
no one came forward to oppose them. No one came

that employer, was afterwards written to, requesting
him to become one of the Vice-Chairmen of the Society,
and he returned a polite letter complying with the re-
quest, and inclosing a donation of five guineas to the
funds. Many more cases might be cited, but he would
not. The next thing was the practicability of what
they advocated. If any said it could not be done, he
denied what was said. Was it impracticable, because
the business could not be transacted in a shorter time ?

Was it that the time of the drapers was wholly em-
ployed ? Was there any one in that meeting who had
any occasion to go into these shops or go near them, that
had never seen how many hours of the day they stand
idle ? In fact the hours of business might be easily
reduced to two-thirds of the time at present allotted ;
and he dared any one to get up and even hint the oppo-
site. The cause of the present system deserved the
attention of those who would apply a remedy. The
ladies supported it, but not from inhumanity ; from a
wart of forethought they reserved every business they
had to transact till a late part of the day. Employers
were in many instances men of honourable sentiments,
but a portion of them acted from a selfish motive ; if,
however, no customers came to their shops after a certain
hour of the day, there would be no inducement to them
to oppose early closing. Even on their own motive, if
nothing honourable could affect them,—acting on
their own motive, they would in that case rather
close than keep open, for they would find the gas rather
expensive. The speaker concluded by urging all, and
especially the ladies, to aid the cause which he advo-
cated, at the instance of the association ; and having
read and moved the second resolution, sat down.

The Rev. JAIIEZ BURNS said it gave him the greatest
pleasure to second the resolution which had been moved.
He said the custom complained of and prevailing was
known to all. Shopmen were detained in their places
of business from seven o'clock in the morning till eleven
and twelve o'clock at night. Perhaps, however, all were
not aware equally of the magnitude of this custom. It
had been ascertained that 40,000 young men, drapers,
grocers and chemists, were subjected to this system of
long hours. That fact was connected with an amount
of distress which arose out of it. There were moral
and physical evils resulting from it. There were
three things which might convince persons of the great
evil of the system —there were three things necessary to
human beings, due exercise, relaxation from labour,
and wholesame air. These shopmen were confined for
thirteen, fourteen, and fifteen hours a day, kept standing
behind a counter, a kind of employment which any one
may feel is very wearisome, and which anatomists know
is most injurious to the system. Indeed, at a carpenter's
bench, or labouring as a stonemason, they would be
more healthy, as a comparison of the appearance the
two classes present might very readily evince. Ladies
were not aware how much they added to the toil of
these young men. Some ladies went into shops, hardly
knowing wherefore, or what they wanted, and so one of
these young men had to find out their wants.—(A laugh.)
Some ladies were not very easy to please, but the young
shopman must succeed in making a sale, for on the
event depended his salary and his situation.—(Hear.)
He had to remind them that fresh air was little enjoyed
by that class of individuals. Shops were ill-ventilated,
and the gaslight during the evenings, with the doors
shut, made the air additionally injurious which they
were compelled to breathe. Out of the system, he said,
came a moral evil and a physical evil, and he might add
an evil intermediate between these—a mental evil.—
(Hear, hear.) By the time these shopmen left their
business the library was shut, the lecture was
over, the door of their friends was closed fur

the night. But the tavern was still open, the
cigar divans might be gone into—the theatres were ac-
cessible—yes, the gambling-rooms might receive these
young men ; and who could attempt to estimate the in-
jury which they would sustain in body and in mind, in
interests that were temporal and those that were eter-
nal. The R-v. Gentleman hoped that the meeting would
sympathise practically with the association in their en-
deavours to secure so great an object. He sat down after
seconding the following resolution :
" That this meeting, believing the mainstay of the
late hour system to be the habit, on the part of the pub-
lic, of evening shopping, and that it is, above all things,
necessary to point out to the public the nature of the
evil they are unconsciously upholding, cordially approves
of the plan of the Metropolitan Drapers', Association to
send a prize address to every house in London, and
hereby records its willingness, by soliciting such con-
tributions as each can afford, to raise the fund requisite
for so important a step."
The Rev. W. CHALMERS supported the same resolu-
tion in an able and eloquent speech.
A young man in the body of the meeting rose and
moved an amendment, to the effect that not only drapers
should be included, but shopmen of all trades—that all
shops, gin-shops, and cigar-shops, should be closed at
an early hour; but the Hon. Chairman satisfied him
that the resolution was so general as to comprehend all
he intended, and he withdrew it accordingly.
The motion was then put and carried unanimously.
print and
du by evening
should
Mr. NASII then moved a resolution to the effect that
swocasiatsiotanye
send a copy of a prize essay on the subject to every
tsbheopspyisntge,m and of long
tat
the hoursas
house in the metropolis.
Rev. D. MooRE seconded the resolution, and sup•
ported the spirit of it by ver a y able address.
It was put by the Chairman, and carried uanimously.
A vote of thanks was moved to the Gallant Commo-
dore for his conduct in the chair, which was carried with
acclamation. Sir Charles replied, and the meeting
broke up.

forward to say that early closing is impossible. With
nothing against them, they had the most cogent argu-
ments in their favour. Why, when one looked abroad over
this great empire, and considered the extensive in-
inudei nv
ci
de u which,
as , mfoigrhetxabme
peixe,erbeiysevid oivlbeerrfsoorcciee,tyanbdyithonene
consider the importance of the commercial class
in the community, he would feel it impossible
to measure the influence exerted to good effect, which
that class, when improved, would exercise upon society
at large.—(Cheers.) The attainment of their object
would benefit young men ; he had to recollect, however,
that some denied it would. That amazed him, but left
his reason unaffected. They had had experience of the
good effect resulting in many instances where the system
had been adopted. He might name those shops where
it had been adopted with the best effect—he might name
employers who had lent their aid to it. And he would
nam3 Mr. Pearce, of Waterloo House, and Mr. Hitch-
cock, of St. Paul's Church-yard, and Mr. Owen. These
gentlemen, and all others who had taken up the opinion,
said, they had found, in proportion as opportunity had
been given, the men concerned had seized it and gave
evidence of improvement. Under the old system it
was no wonder the young men exhibited little
or no improvement. How could they look for it,
if the time tp which they had a right as intellectual and
thinking beings was entirely swallowed up by
the engagements of business ? " If," as the Rev. Hugh
M'Neil had said, " they were reduced to a mechanism in
business, and to an anornalism in enjoyment, was it pos-
sible for them, thus debased, to become elevated in one
day ?"—(Hear, hear.) Had those who opposed them on
that subject given the system they advocated a fair trial?
Had they provided the young men with proper sitting-
rooms, and with the convenience and the means for in-
tellectual enjoyment ? When they had done that, they
would find a change immediately in favour of the young
men, and to the humar and advantage of their employers.
—(Cheers.) If a more incontrovertible argument were
necessary, it was that the longer they had existed
as an association, the stronger had the general feeling
throughout the trade and the public become in sympa-
thy with it. An instance had occurred in his own experi-
ence: A young man, a colleague of his own, had joined
the association ; his employer called him one evening,
and asked him whether he bad any connex'on with the
Early-closi'..ig Association ? And upon the young man's
admitting that he had, his employer said that no asso-
ciation-Iran should continue in his shop ; and he gave
L the yotvg man the option of withdrawing from the as-
tiocie on, or leaving 4,i5 envie". Yet that beaus perm,

EDW. CARDWELL.

TAFF VALE RAILWAY.

PRESENTATION OF PLATE TO EDWARD
HIGHT3N, ESQ.

On Monday evening last a deputation from the servants
of the Taff Vale Railway Company, headed by their re-
spected secretary, A. F. Morcom, Esq., waited on Mr.
Edward Highton, the late engineer of the Company, at
his residence, for the purpose of presenting him with a
service of plate, on his resigning his appointment, as a
testimonial of the regard and respect in which he was
universally held by them during the time be had the
management of the line. As a proof of the good feeling
evinced towards the above-named gentleman, we may
mention that subscriptions were commenced in three
different departments of the railway simultaneously,
having one object, viz., that of testifying the high opinion
entertained of his merits. The testimonial, which was
subscribed to by 250 of the persons in the Company's
employ, consisted of a handsome silver tea•service, of
the newest design, the principle article of which was the
following inscription :—" Presented by the officers and
workmen of the Taff Vale Railway, to Edward Highton,
Esq., C.E., on his relinquishing his appointment as en•
gineer to the Company, in testimony of their cordial
respect andesteem,and of the high opinion they entertain
of his conduct during his connexion with the railway.—
Cardiff, Jan. 19, 1846." The whole reflected the highest
credit on our fellow-townsman, Mr. J. T. Barry, who
executed the order. We understand Mr. Highton is
engaged by the London and Birmingham Company to
lay down and superintend the working of the electric
telegraph, about to be established on a large scale by
that Company, on a principle to be patented by Mr.
High ton.—Cardiff Paper, Jan. 24.

We regret to learn that Thomas Miller (the poet
basketmaker, late of this town) is at present labouring
under total deprivation of sight, in consequence of an attack
of erysipelas. This visitation derives additional interest
from the fact that in the present instance the calamity has
his native land,
befallen one of Nature's most gifted children, whose genius
has revelled in the picturesque beauties of
aind who, in his works, has de..cribed with inexpressible
smplicity and pathos the scenes and incidents of rural life.
To add to the disaster, a numerous family of young children
rdely dependent ol the literary exertions of Mr. Miller.—
Nottingham Review.
INTERMENT OF THE DEAD IN CHURCHYARDS.—Mr.
Anderton, one of the Common Council members for Farring-
don Without, has given notice of the following motion, which
will be discussed in the next Court:—" That this Court do
petition Parliament to pass an Act to prohibit interment of
the dead in churches and churchyards within the city of
London and other large cities and towns, and prevent the
violation of waves." The honourable
bothn3ember has given
notice that a petition be presented to Houses of Par-
liament to pass an Act to prevent nuisances arising from the
smoke of steam-engines and furnaces in manufactories and
buildings situate in and near the cities of London and West-
minster, and steam-boats on the river Thames.
ALLITERATION ARTFULLY "PllE:D.—Adored And
Angelic Amelia,—Accept An Ardent And Artless Amorist's
Affections; Alleviate An Anguished Admirer's Alarms, And
Answer An Amorous Applicants Avowed Ardour. Ah,
Amelia! All Appears An Awful Aspect: Ambition, Avarice,
And Arrogance, Alas! Are Attractive Alla] ements, And.
Abase Au Ardent Attachment. Appease An Aching And
Affectionate Adorer's Alarms, And Anon Ackowledge
Affianced Albert's Alliance As Agreeable And Acceptable.
Anxiously Awaiting An Affectionate And Affirmative
Answer, Accept An Ardont Admirer's Aching Adieu:—
August. •

POLICY OF FRANCE IN LA PLATA
The following important and interesting document
has been laid before the French Chambers :
(Official.) " roris, March 22, 1845.
" Monsieur le Baron—The two Governments of
England and France, taking into consideration the inde-
finite duration of the war whiCh is carried on by the re-
publics of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video, the interrup-
tion of Commerce which thence results, and the injuries
of all kinds which the neutral foreigners established in
those latitudes are compelled to sostain, hare just con-
certed measures for the purpose of catis:tig their media-
tion to be accepted by the belligerent parties. As every-
thing connected with the mediation is to constitute a
separate question—a temporary mission—which will re
main independent of the functions, both of the Chargé
d'Affaires of France at Buenos Ayres, and of our Consul-
General at Monte Video, the King has thought it his
duty to appeal to your experience and your tried zeal
for his service, by appointing you, on my proposal, his
Extraordinary Commissioner in La Plata.
" Mr. Gore Ouseley, recently appointed Minister of her
Britannic Majesty at Buenos Ayres, in the room of Mr.
De Mandeville, and destined by his Government to fill
the same mission as yourself, must have already set out
to proceed to his post. You will, therefore, have the
goodness to prepare likewise to set out as quickly as
possible. His Majesty's frigate Erigone, which is to
convey you to La Plata, has r. ceived orders from the
Minister of Marine to keep itself in readiness for sailing.
You will, in the first instance proceed to Rio Janeiro, in
order to inform the Government of the Emperor of

Brazil of your voyage. It is, in fact, in consequence of
the communications of the Brazilian Cabinet, repre-
sented by M. the Viscount d'Abrantes, on the La Plata
question, that the Governments of France and England,
already occupied with the difficulties of the situation, and
resolved to take it into serious consideration, have defini-
tively adopted the decision to interfere in common. I
annex a copy of the dispatch which has been addressed
to me by the Viscount d'Abrantes, and one of the reply
that I have made to him. You will perceive therefrom,
that, according to our first ideas, we had consented to
agree with the Brazilian Government respecting the
means of execution. Aft( r a more mature examina-
tion, the two Governments deemed it more advisable, for
the interest of Brazil itself, not to engage in any mea-
sures which might become coercive with respect to a
neighbouring Government, and to leave France and
England in the utmost independence. as well as the
responsibility of action. You will explain to the Im-
perial Cabinet the motives of our conduct, and you
a ill inform it that our sincere good will towards it
makes us attach a real value to keeping it accurately
informed.
" Your stay in the capital of Brazil will necessarily be
short; and immediately afier having discharged the im-
portant duties which call you thither, you will set out
for La Plata. On your arrival at Buenos Ayres, your
first care will be to put yourself in communication with
Mr. Ouseley, who will, without doubt, have reached
that city before you. You will learn from him the actual
state of the question at the hour of your arrival, in conse-
quence of the preliminary steps which he will have taken
whilst awaiting you, and you will take measures with him
for all those that will follow. You will habitually re-
side at Buenos Ayres, where also your colleague is to re-
side, in order to keep yourself in constant communication
with him. It will be easy for you to communicate
from thence, in writing, with the Goverment of Monte
Video. The Argentine is, moreover, the more consider-
able of the two states, which it is our object to reconcile ;
it is undoubtedly, from its government that the resist-
ance to our mediation will arise ; it is the latter, at
least, that will have to make the first sacrifice for the re-

establishment of peace ; and it will be advisable for you
to remain at the seat of the principal difficulty, in order
to labour more closely for its solution.
" The object proposed in the first place by France
and England is to cause the cessation of hostilities.
" Mr. Ouseley is instructed first, to address to Gene-
ral Rosas, friendly representations to this effect. To
these you will add-your own, which will derive a new
degree of authority from the peculiar . situation of
France with respect to the Argentine Government.
You will render General Roses sensible of the regard
which the King's Government has not ceased to enter-
tain for him since the conclusion of the treaty
of the 29th of October, 1840, of the, no doubt, use-
less, but persevering, efforts that have been made
by our Consul. General at Monte Video, in order
to maintain in a state of neutrality the French sub-
jects who wished to take arms against Oribe ; of the re-
sistance which we have opposed for the last four years to
the efforts made in France itself to influence public
opinion, for the purpose of driving us to interference.
You will inform him that our intention is by no means
to recommence what the treaty of 1840 happily termi-
nated ; that we are not the allies of the present Go-
vernment of Monte Video against him ; that we re
cognise, in common with all sensible persons, the neces-
sity that has borne him to, and which maintains him in
the Government of his country, that we have waited as
long as we could, in order that the war might terminate
of itself; but that we are no longer justified in waiting
any longer at present, in face of the sufferings and the
reiterated requests of those of our nation who have
remained neutral, and that we are compelled, for the
interest of our commerce, as well as for that of humanity,
to put a period to a state of things which has become
intolerable.
" We are inclined to believe that the Government of
Buenos Ayres will acknowledge the evidence of these
facts. You might add, that in the conversations that
have taken place between the two Governments on the
subject of mediation, we have always taken care to
make all the provisos necessary for preserving the
honour and the interest of the Argentine republic ; pro-
visos that the English Cabinet, moreover, has admitted
with perfect good faith. You will inform him, in fine,
that his own dignity, the future prospects of his power,
and his very devotion to the American cause, counsel
him, in our opinion, to yield with a good grace,
and not to prolong a ferocious contest that is con-
demned by the whole world. The conditions that he
will obtain in the final arrangement, after having taken
the initiation in the work of pacification, will be neces-
sarily better than if he persists in exciting every interest
agains • -t him. You will assure him that, in the negotia-
tion, we will spare no pains to obtain the concession to
him, in fact, of the best terms possible, but at the same
time reminding him that we have recognised, as well as
England and Brazil, the independei-ce of the Eastern
State, and that we can admit nothing that puts that in-
dependence in question.
" Even although Mr. Ouseley should have failed, be-
fore your arrival, in his attempt at friendly persuasion,
you will yourself make a further endeavour. If (4eneral
Rosas yields to these reasons ; if he consents to Teal
General Oribe and to order his army to evacuate She
eastern territory, you will undertake, without delay, in
concert with your colleague, the negotiation of an
arrangement between the two republics. Here,
the resistance will no doubt change its nature ;
you will have to contend against the claims of the
present heads of government of Monte Video, exalted
by an unexpected deliverance. You will not hesitate to
reduce such demands to their proper value ; you will de-
clare that the two great powers have not interfered to
satisfy local animosities and (migrant rivalries, but to
establish peace upon solid bases, and to ensure the main-
tenance of order upon the two banks of La Plata ; you
will say, loudly and firmly, that far from taking part in
favour of one of the two republics against the other, the
two cabinets are determined to guarantee the security of
each of them for the future, as well of that of Buenos
Ayres as that of Monte Video.
" Consequently if the Government of Buenos Ayres
deems it necessary to its repose to banish from the
eastern territory the Argentine refugees that are to be
found there, you will admit the legitimacy of this claim,
and accept it as a condition of peace. It is well under-
stood that, in this case, you will interfere in case of
need, in order to furnish the individuals pointed out
the means of quitting Monte Video, and to insure for
their persons and property all the protection de-
sirable. On the other hand, if the Eastern Republic
claims, on the part of that of Buenos Ayres, guarantees
against future aggressions, you will take care to give to
those guarantees such a form as shall appear to you the
most serious and efficacious. In a word, you will spare
nothing, with your colleague, firmly to cement the good
harmony which you are commissioned to re-establish be-
tween the two banks. We leave the choice of the means
to your own experience.
"I have only. spoken to you hitherto, Monsieur
might
voluntarily Baron, of cases in which the belligerent parties
voluntarily accept your mediation even after some uncer-
tainty. It is, in fact, not very probable that both will
resist the friendly observations that you are instructed to
offer. If, however, you shall meet with an unconquer-
able opposition, you are authorised to have recourse to
the employment of force. You will address, at the
same time, to the two Governments, an invitation, signed
by Mr. Ouseley and yourself ; and if, within a certain
given time, one of them has not consented to submit to
your invitation, you will inform M. the Admiral Leine,
Commander of the French naval forces in La Plata,
who will take, in concert with the commander of the
naval forces of her Britannic Majesty, such measures as
shall be deemed necessary against the obstinate bellige-
rent party. The combined squadrons will, if necessary,
occupy the rivers, and establish an effective blockade on
either of the two banks of La Plata ; but the two Admi-
rals are enjoined only to employ the maritime means,
which have been deemed sufficient, and not to effect any
landing other than the temporary occupation of the isle
of Martin Garcia, or every demonstration of the same
sort useful to the success of the maritime operations.
" Within these limits you might indicate on your own
responsibility, and after having come to a preliminary
understanding with Mr. Ouseley, such a measure as
shall appear to you efficacious at a given moment, Admi-
ral Laine will receive orders to obey the summons that
you shall address to him in writing. Copies of his in-
structions are nor exed.
" It is expressly agreed between the two Govern-
ments of France and England, that neither shall seek
to obtais, in consequence of this mediation, either a
concession of territory, or any other separate advans
tage. It is also agreed that if it is possible to avail
ourselves of the novel situation about to commence, in
order to obtain the opening of the streams of Plata to
free navigation, the representatives of the two Great
Powers shall occupy their attention with the question, but
only in cases in which the opportunity may present
itself naturally, and when the other difficulties may be
overcome. It is. no doubt, advantageous to open to
Eur( pe In trade those great fluvial channels which pene-
trate to the very heart of South America ; but that is,
for the moment, a merely secondary interest, compared
with those which are contending in La Plata, and it
would be imprudent to increase in the outset, by any
demand whatever, the uneasiness and distrust of the
Argentine Government.
" In conclusion, I enclose a copy of the instructions
given have been communicated
to to Mr. Ouseley by the Government f her Bri-
tannic Majesty, and e ts being
Lnunicated
to us. The intentions of the two Governmen
in exact conformity, you will find ihne thweantiwnsgtruic.n-
tions of your colleague what may