The Sun.
London, England, 1841-09-08 00:00:00

the list which had been furnished to the Proprietors.—
(Hear, hear.) Now, it had been conceived by the Com-
mittee, that this was a most essential fact for them to as-
certain, with a view to the accomplishment of the pur-
pose for which they had been appointed.—(Hear, hear.)
There were other items in the account with which
the Committee were not satisfied.
Mr. ROY suggested whether it would not be fairer
that these complaints should be reserved until the Ac-
countant was present to explain ? He could say that the
account, as far as the investigation had yet gone, was
suqstantially correct, as it appeared in the balance-sheet
then in the hands of Mr. Abraham. The.sum which had
been had of the London and Westminster Bank was
about 15,000/., for which that bank held ample security
unconnected with the Marylebone Bank.—(Hear.)
Mr. BEBB said that Mr. Quilter, 'the accountant, had
had the opportunity of being present on that occasion to
offer his explanation.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. ROY admitted that he might have been present,
but at the same time he was bound to inform the pro-
prietors that that gentleman could not have given them
all the information which had been required by the Com-
mittee at that moment, because upon examination it had
been found that there were several very nice legal points
involved in the question.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. ABRAHAM did not intend to throw any imputation
upon Mr. Quilter, but he could not at the same time but
entertain the opinion that the Committeee might or
ought to have gained some explanation upon the
sub.ect of the accounts from that gentleman.—(Hear.)
At the former meeting they had been led to believe
that Mr. Quilter would have come to give all the in-
formation that could be required by the Committee, but
he had since that day intimated to them that he could
not afford that' information, because his doing so
would involve the Directors.—(Hear, hear.) That gen-
tleman had come to one of the meetings and told the
Committee that he had made a great discovery, but
what that discovery had been they had never heard. It
had, however, been ascertained, that at the last annual
meeting of the Proprietors, whilst the Directors in their
report had inforMed them that the profits upon the
transactions of the Bank for the past year were as much
as 1,00e1., and which would enable them to pay a divi-
dend of 4 per cent., had the accounts been properly
made out they would, instead of presenting a profit of
I,OOCL, have shown a loss amounting to 3,000/.—(Hear,
hear.) It appeared, that the manner in which the state-
ment had borne on its face a profit had been by debiting
the accounts of certain of the customers with commission,
which charges for commission had been put to the credit
of those parties shortly after the meeting in question,—
(Hear, hear.) So that in point of fact the account
which had been exhibited to the Proprietors, and on
the faith of which a dividend had been declared, was a
fictitious account.—(Hear, hear.) In addition, too, there
were various claims upon the concern for salaries,
taxes, and other things, all of which had become due
prior to January, the month when the meeting had been
held, not any of which had been paid until after that
meeting.—(Hear, hear.) It was clear, therefore, that
there had on the last year been a loss of 3,000/. instead
of a gain of 1,0001.
Mr. ROY was authorised to state that Mr. Hannay, had
said no one had been aware of these facts but. himself.
They had not been known by the Directors.—(Hear.)
Mr. ABRAHAM had hoped that, as they had only met
for the purpose of adjourning, the Committee would not
have been called on to say anything upon the
.occasion.
With regard to the accountant, in what he had said, it
had not been his intention to cast the slightest insinua-
tion as to anything improper having been done by that
gentleman.—(Hear.) All he meant was that the Com-
mittee considered that they ought to have received fur-
ther information at his hands.—(Hear.)
Mr. ROY was quite sure that no imputation had been
intended by the Hon. Proprietor. If he could have
imagined that there would have been any business
gone into, he should have felt it to he his duty to
advise that gentleman to be present on that occasion.
In consequence of what had already gone forth on
the subject, he was anxious to state that the London
and Westminster Bank had never had anything to do
with the transactions of the Marylebone Bank. That
establishment had been applied to by several highly
respectable and responsible parties, who stated that
the Marylebone Bank was about to wind up its affairs,
and that it being their wish to pay the debt due to the
public, they were desirous to raise the necessary sum to
effect that object ; whereupon the Directors of the Lon-
don and Westminster Bank consented to advance 15,0001.
odd for that purpose, upon good and ample security. The
amount was accordingly, upon the production of security
of that character, advanced, and had gone in part pay-
ment of the public.—(Hear, hear.) More than that he
might say, that as the legal adviser of the London and
Westminster Bank, he had been directed to attend at
the Marylebone Bank in order to see that the money
was properly applied.—(Hear, hear.) With respect to
the accountant, he had never advised him to conceal any-
thing from the Committee.—(Hear, hear.) All he had
wanted was, to guard against an unnecessary publication
to the world of the private accounts of the customers.
It was impossible to describe the great difficulties
which were offered to the attempt to make up a
correct statement of the affairs, in consequence of
the manner in which the accounts had been kept. No.
thing but time would enable the completion of the task.
The Directors were anxious to know the extent of their
responsibility..as quickly as possible. He could state
that the Accountant had done.much in the labour, and
would have been glad to have given any explanation that
could with safety have been given on that occasion.—
(Hear, hear.) He should mention that in consequence of
the opinion which had been expressed at the previous
meeting as to the propriety of adopting'steps to prevent
Mr. Hannay, from quitting England,. the Directors, who
held a bond for 10,000/ as security,liad upon a Judge's
order arrested that gentleman before five o'clock on the
following afternoon, and he wag' now in the Fleet.—
(Hear.) It was not his wish to say anything against Mr.
Hannay, but it was his duty to state, that on his applying
to him to execute a deed by which his property in Scot-
land should be made over as security to the Bank, he had
declined. He had since heard that Mr. Hannay had
been executing deeds with respect to this property in fa-
vour of his private creditors and of his own family.—
(Hear.) In explanation of this proceeding, Mr..Hannay
had stated that it was only in pursuance of agreements
long since entered into with the various parties, and
that one of his creditors, his law agent in Scotland, had
been most urgent in his demands for the completion of
his agreements. The claim in that instance had been
2,4001. The most strict inquiries were in progress re-
lative to these matters, as well as to the value of the
property in Scotland, and it was hoped that at the next
meeting every information that could be desired would
be laid before the Proprietors.—(Hear, hear.) It was
also stated, in answer to a question from some of the
creditors, that the Directors held the securities of Mr.
Hannay, seven in number, of SOCL each.
Mr. VIZARD then moved, after a vote of thanks, atliis
suggestion, had been passed in favour of the Committee
of investigation, that another special general meeting of
the Proprietors be held on the 4th of November next.
This motion having been seconded, was unanimously
carried

"In June list I gave the Directors, at theirPquest,
conveyance to my lands and property in'Secltland for
security and payment of this balance and my Other debts,
containing a power to sell and mortgage, and , all the
usual powers, iu such deeds. It is nearly three months
since this deed was executed and delivered.

"It is to me a source of the deepest regret that my
account is so much overdrawn. I was, however, So placed
that it was scarcely possible to prevent it.
" That 'your affairs have not been managed incautiously
and imprudently, you will be satisfied when I inform
you that by 87 parties having credits and discount ac-
counts with the Bank, some of very considerable amount,
and who have all become bankrupt or insolvent, you do
not losen. shilling. You will also do me the justice to
remember, that for every account brought by any other
Director to the Bank I brought ten ; that the stock and
profits brought to the Bank by myself and friends ex-
ceed 8,0001. ; that although the periodical balances due
by me were large, the deposits of my friends. and con-
nexions were generally larger, so that they did not form
a burden on your capital."
[This document, which was handed about-the room,
was very long ; the ab3ve are therefore only extracts.]

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS

FROM TIM MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.—The accounts from Liverpool of yesterday's
date, in alluding to the temporary cheat' business had
received through the late failures, state that in more than
one instance the extent of liabilities and ;thin-late loss-to
creditors had been much exaggerated, The failures in
connexion with the cotton trade would not prove so dis-
astrous as were at first imagined ; the market for that
staple was, nevertheleSs, dull.
The statutes which have been passed and approved by
the King of the Belgians for the formation of a " Bank
of Flanders," have been published in the Belgian official
papers. Ghent is selected for the head-office of the Bank,
which, however, is to extend its branchei in any direc-
tion, with the authority of the Government. It is em-
powered to issue notes payable on demand, the amount
calculated upon the capital, and their value to be deter-
mined by•the Administration, and approved by the Go-
' vernment. The capital is to consist of 10,000,000 E di-
vided into 10,000 shares of 1,000 f., with liberty to the
Company to commence operations when half the capital
is subscribed, and in the event of an increase of busi-
ness, to increase its capital to the extent of 20,000 shares
at the same price as the original. Such an increase re-
quires the consent of a majority of three-fourths of the
Shareholders, and the approval of the Government. The
affairs of the. Company are to be directed by a Presi-
dent and four Administrators, all to be appointed by the
general meeting, and a Secretary is to be appointed by
the administration, who is to countersign the correspon-
dence. The operations of the Company are to'consist in
discounting bills of exchange, in collecting the amount
of bills, &c., placed in their hands by others, in receiving
sums and paying draughts for others, in opening de-
posit accounts, in making advances upon national secu-
rities or upon commercial bills, in opening credits in ac-
count current on receiving sufficient security, in issuing
obligations bearing interest, and in investing capital in
real securities or the public funds, that is, by snaking
purchases, as speculation of any kind, whether in the
funds or in merchandise, is strictly prohibited. The
profits are to be divided, first by an allOwance to the
Shareholders. of 5 per cent, as interest, the remainder to
form, the CoMpany's dividend. "
The principal feature in the formation of this Bank is
its immediate control by Government, whose sanction, it
is seen, is required to determine the amount of issue.
At the same tame, while full control is thus given to the
Government, the Bank is prohibited from being under
advances to the Government, so that it will not in its
turn exert a reciprocal influence, which might ultimately
enable it to have the Government at its mercy„ as is the
case with the State Banks of America. What will be
the progress of the institution it is impossible at this time
to conjecture, even in the remotest degree; as even the
principle on which the notes are to be issued •is yet un-
determined. Everything, supposing the requisite means
are at hand, will depend on the wisdom; caution, and
foresight of the Belgian Government.
CHRONICLE.—We understand that letters from Li-
verpool announce that the houses of Nlolyneux and Co.
and Maury and Co. are likely to pay 20s. in the. pound.
Their engagements may be computed at 500,0001.
The stagnation in trade and the distress • now prevail-
ing in the manufacturing districts have been produced
by the disturbing influence of the Corn-laws upon the
currency. Our readers will excuse us for repeating that
truth, and for not only denying, but endeavouring to dis-
prove the assertion of the Tory Premier and the monopo-
list press, that they are the offspring of over-trading, fos-
tered by the joint-stock banks, and of the unsettled state
of our political relations with,foreign countries. We do not
dispute that some of the joint-stock banks have departed
from the legitimate purposes of banking, and entered
into transactions with manufacturers of an injudi-
cious character, which have ended disastrously for all
concerned, and thus aggravated in some degree the evils
which the country suffers. Neither do we dispute that
our export trade with the United States, the Levant, and
the East, has been injured by the recent political differ-
ences with, and in, those countries ; but we look in vain
for the root of the disease now preying on the vitals of
our productive industry to any or all of these causes. To
arrive at the seat of the complaint, we must go nearer
home, and by directing our attention to the drain of bul-
lion which attacked the Bank of England in 1839, after
the bad harvest of 1838, we at once discover the origin
and seat of the national malady.
HERALD.—The progress of Indian commerce and
industry must naturally be watched with much interest
in this country. and especially so far as relates to the in-
crease in those products of the soil or of manufacture on
which most mainly depend the improving capacity of
consumption for British produce and manufactures.
It is gratifying therefore to find that 'in respect of the
production of exchangeable articles the progress of
India is not only steady and prosperous, but really
surprising-arid all that can be wished. The fact of
itself is a sufficient assurance that the trade of thati m-
mense region-is as yet but in its cradle. In respect of
sugar, the mercantile advices by the overland mail re-
present
that the trade there, as everywhere else indeed,
was almost altogether paralysed by the • intelligence of
the famous sugar duty and ludicrous free 'trade tamper-
ing projects of the late Ministry, as purchasers naturally
hold aloof until the question of lowering 'the import on
foreign sugars should be decided.
ADVERTISER.—The . sugar question, though in
abeyance, has not yet lost its interest, and the exertions
making by oar colonies to increase production by every
means in their power, in order, by feeding,our;raarkets,
to deprive ug:of part of the present grtaind .for well-
founded complaint, naturally call for remark:. It is
evident that to the agitation which has existed in
the mother country may be attributed this increased
energy on the part of the West Indian's ; but it then
becomes also_ a matter of some importance to ascer-
tain whether this will be kept up so • soon' as they
imagine -the immediate danger gone by and a fresh lease
of Monopoly- granted them by the accession 'of,a Con-
servative Ministry. At present, however, we may at
least congratulate the people at large—that is, the great
body of consumers—upon the reduction in the current
prices of sugar, though, as far as they are concerned,
there is still room for a greater fall, and which has un-
questionably resulted from the propositions the late
Government having led to the forwarding of in-
creased supplies. There is, however, another, point to
be considered in this matter, viz., the tendency of
high prices to check consumption, and the accumula-
tion of stocks occasioned thereby. Still this is but
another argument in favour of a modification of the
present duties, with the additional truism to enforce
it, that when such a state 'of things exists, both
grower and consumer must be injured. Last year
the quantity of British Plantation Sugar, Imported
into London, up to the Ist of September, was 46,094
hogsheads 4,669 tierces, and this year it is 48,766 hugs-
heads 5,598 tierces. In 1839, however, we had received
as much as 63,061 hogsheads 5,958 tierces up to thd same
date. The consumption last year during the same
period exceeded what it has been this year by upwards
of 16,000 hogsheads, having been 60,240 hogsheads
6,067 tierces ; whereas for 1841 it stands only at 44,346
hogsheads 4,757 tierces. Then as to the stocks, though
greater than in 1840, they are still not much more than
half what they were in 1839, for in September of that
year they were 30,955 lifids.; in the same month last year
14,631 hogsheads, and now 30,955 hhds. The consump-
tion of Havanah, Brazil, and.Porto Rico, is very trifling ;
but in that of Bengal there has been a great increase.
The imports, consumption, and stock of rum have fallen
off this year, but this not being essentially necessary to
the comfort of the poorer classes, is no evil. The ex-
portation, we perceive, has rather increased. Coffee has
not benefited so much by the dearness of tea as might
have been expected ; for while the consumption of some
qualities has increased, that of others has fallen off. The
imports show a decline generally, but the stock of, that
imported by way of our colonies—the Cape of Good
Hope, for instance—and thence admitted for home con-
sumption at the reduced duty of 9d. per lb, has increased
nearly two-fold. '
SUN.—The-market for English Stocks still exhibits a
want of animation. For immediate delivery Consols
realised 89f to*, and for Account 89i-to9o. Money being
scarce, Exchequer Bills gave way in premium to 13s, and
11s., and East India Bonds were also rather worse, viz.,
par to 2s. premium. Bank Stock was 170 for the open •
ing ; but special transfers for money were made at 169.
The New Three-and. a-Half per Cents. brought 981 to
and the Three per Cents. Reduced 891.
The Foreign Market, as well as that for British Rail-
way Shares, was quite neglected. The Spanish Five per
Cents, with the .flay Coupons were at 22i to 21,i, being
a decline of full a per cent, on the highest quotation of
23'9e,staennr(doi:11.1113,1-i,rnaNa%ziliiltiihealanin,
ahowever,ott6i6ert‘ov
iGs e7i.t; nAlriuuesstitirebiz:ettnioelbAaserved, was ra-
therworth 109i,tlt100211.;aliiii:vd.a3I:utch Five perreCeStatiatx.ii.qksu. elovsfas were
worth
781 and 78 ; the New 34+
New
Great Loan
Western
higher than
JthuencEtaiositiernsOttoounstlie;stBlie; S; I it:three sFifths
noB
;t
-Lthoendl
o3inaekan%ldaißi iNraci!vn,_.).ll).anlftsl.sBBd!
to 51. 65. 8d: ; and the South-Eastern 161. There was
nothing done in Brighton all day. Australasian Bank
New Shares were 5; and Colonial Bank also 5 premium.
Australian Agricultural Company's Shares were 10 prem.
The Foreign Exchanges were firm this afternoon.
Hamburg'', -13 10 tO
Three months bills were taken at the fullowincr rates —Paris, 25. f. 65e. to 70c.; Amsterdam 12 4,-} to ',I ; n
werp, 12 32 ; Frankfiwt, 149 to --1 ;
ffollolzithigmeaproerttheofoffiLcoilaidl
oriel,tuirz
theof theue
eeix, peonr(trsi
ending
gf
104 ; and Trieste, 9 52 to 54.
Thursday last :
Silver coin to Hamburgh ............... 30,000 oz.
to Rotterdam ................ 3'5.000 „
en
f t to St. Petersburgli ..... 24,000
Silver bars to ditto ......... • .............. . 28,000
to Hamburgh ............... ,13 GOO

Mr. Hannay, in a letter dated Monday, September 6th,
addressed to the Proprietors of the Bank, amongst other
explanations in reference to his connexion therewith
goes on to say, that
" Towards the latter end of 1840 it became quite ap-
parent that the Bank must wind up, unless the direction
could be materially strengthened. To facilitate this ob-
ject, I again expressed my willingness to resign.
" After the general meeting in January last, efforts
were made to enlarge the direction, but they failed,
and I was instructed to wind up gradually. This was
done in as quiet and prudent a manner as possible ;
and by the middle of June, at which period I had
given notice that my services would cease, the
liabilities Gf the bank to the public did not exceed
25,0001. Even then, the hope of reviving it under a
new direction and management was not altogether aban-
doned. Negotiations with that view were opened with
several respectable parties, but they did • not succeed.
These circumstances becoming generally known, caused
a greater demand upon the bank than usual, and appli-
cation was made to the London and Westminster Bank
for an interim loan of 5,000/. and for aid in the final
winding up of the concern. The former was readily
granted, and the latter promised on condition that secu-
rity should be given for the advance required by certain
of the proprietors, and that the business, so far as pos-
sible, should be transferred to the London and West-
minster Bank.
" Such was the position of affairs when I removad my
family to France in June last. It was my impression
that, by pursuing the plan acted upon for the four preceed-
ing months under a small CommitieeofProprietors, the
affairs of the Company, then in a very' narrow compass;
p
might be wound up without much expense or trouble. This
seemed to be the (pinion also of such of the London share-
holders as the Di tors had an opportunity of eommuni-
after a few weeks' absence, I
foundc at
nr
mw tt
eclll4l
Upton, the "Soli& cl;;'`W°lll:(i.se:awdovittee
countant hat 64,1340,1T.5.Tgei..\.dt.. Aessrs. iNlit,iDenoeuilg,atiheaancd-
ld hinavethe recovery of
debts and settlenu9t4
been most
luable,supplanted. ;''Landon Westminster
in-possession of the
.securities they had asked of the
the proprietors, yet leaviag m
any of you under legal
prosecution for engagements undischarged ; deposits
which bad not been asked fur transferred to the Lon-
donihnastebr
eleleandke,moirtepdielidd, ;
withheld, and
and an
deposits, of
Nvhi c and Wrpaymentest Westminster
d sin a one slim)e or other, quite un-
warrantable an affair. Against these pro-
ceedingsNevxaeral l nset a
gblelnigng osno'small
remonstrated.
" Great anxiety was evinced by the Directors on the
subject of the general meeting of the Shareholders ;
and it was not concealed from me that I was ex-
pected to bear the greater part of the blame attached
to our want of success. lat once observed that I would
responsibility, but that I
not flinch from my fair share of re
must not be asked to bear more. In answer to their
professed ignorance as to the state of my private ac-
count, I remarked, that it had been constantly
_e
over-
drawn since 1837 ; that in April, 1838, it formed the
subject of long and angry discussion at the Board ;tha:
it had been alluded to by me, both orally and in writing,
to several of the Directors ; that no concealmenthad
been used ; that when I was absent one of the Directors
acted as my substitute, and that all who attended the
Board were in frequent communication with the cashiers
and accountants ; that the weekly statement of the af-
fairs of the Company, which the accountants, by order
of' Mr. Rawson, regularly laid before the Board, em-
braced my balance as well as the balance upon every
other account ; that it was so large a feature, in a con-
cern so limited and cramped in means, that it could not
have escaped observation for so long a period, even if it
had not been specially referred to. On investigation it
is proved that the balance due by me, amounting to
14,300/., has arisen from the purchase of shares in the
Bank, in order to strengthen it, the payment of corn li
-
missions, interests, discounts, travelling, and other ex-
penses, on account of the Bank, and payment of herit-
able and personal debts, mostly of old standing, in
Scotland.

Sir Stratford Canning and Dr. Phillimore had inter-
Yiewli With Lord Stanley yesterday a; the Colvninl-vitive.

TO THE EDITOR OF .THE TINES.

COURT CIRCULAR.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert spent part of the
forenoon shooting in Claremont Park yeterday. • • :Mr. 1 Sin—l will not degrade myself or my cause by retort-
George Edward Anson arrived at ClaremPnt yesterday ing the scurrility of a writer who, in addressing you by
from Windsor, and attended the Prince during the ex- letter, in your journal of the 3d inst., subscribes .himself
cursion. • • I a " Constant Reader."
It may be well, however, for those who encourage such
attacks upon a nation of seventeen millions of people,
and especially for a journalist now to be regarded us
the organ of a new Administration, to consider the na-
tural effect of such language upon your readerS on both
sides of the Atlantic. . •
One of those desirous of preserving- the peace of two
nations, whose interests are intimately and mutually in-
terwoven, begs leave to call the attention of the great
body of your subscribers, and the British public in gene-
ral, to the groSs injustice of the often-repeated charge
of bad faith, not upon the real swindlers in America, who
do not, in truth,comprehend fifty individuals, and in pro-
portion to her population are less numerous than in any
commercial country in Europe, but upon the Govern-
ments. both " Federal and State," of the whole American
Republic. The debts contracted by the several States
and Corporations of the United StateS are supposed to
amount to two hundred millions ofdollars, or 40,000,0001.
sterling. The annual interest upon this macs of debt
cannot, in the aggregate, be less than twelve millions of
dollars, or 2,400,0001. sterling, including the commis-
sions on its transmission, and its payment in Europe.
Now, the whole, or very nearly the whole, of this large
debt was contracted several years ago, and the far
greater part of its amount received b) tlie United
States in the shape of British manufactures.
But until the commencement of this year, not a single
case had occurred, that I have heard of, in which any
State or Corporation, except the single City of Mobile,
in Alabama, had failed to pay its interest abroad with
exact punctuality.
One reason, and by no means the least poaerful in its
operation, of the late and present distress of the manu-
facturing classes in England is, that twelve. millions of
dollars which used annually to be remitted by the
United' States to pay for British goods, are now applied
to the payment. of interest upon a debt contracted in
England for objects in America yet unproductive.
For example, take the two middle States of America,
Maryland and Pennsylvania, which are responsible for
nearly one-third of the loans referred to. It is well known
that of all the internal improvements of both of those
States, there is not one which yields at this time in divi-
dends enough to defray the exigencies of collections and
repairs.

His Serene Highness Prince Ernest of Hesse Philipps-
thal arrived at Marlborough House, Pall-mall, on Mon-
day evening, from Sudbury Hall, the residence of her
Majesty the Queen Dowager.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, attended
by Lieut.-Colonel Jones, arrived at Cambridge House
yesterday, from his residence at Kew. His Royal High-
ness returned to Kew in the afternoon:
The Earl of Rosslyn, Earl De Grey, Lord Stuart de
Rothsay, and Lord Ashley, had interviews with Sir
Robert Peel yesterday in Whitehall Gardens. lAte in
the afternoon his Serene Highness Prince Ernest of
Hesse Philippsthal called at the residence of the Right
Hon. Baronet in Whitehall Gardens.
M. Dedel, Minister of the Netherlands, visited: Sir
Robert Peel on Sunday at his residence in Whitehall
Gardens.
The Hon. H. Manners Sutton attended yesterday at
the %Home-office, as, Under-Secretary of State for the
Home Department, in the room of Lord Seymour.
Lord Eliot, the Hon. F. Scott, Sir Stratford Canning,
Col. Darner, Mr. Bingham Baring, and Mr: Arthur Cole,
had interviews with Sir James Graham yesterday, at the
Home-office.
The Agent for Jamaica transacted business at the Co-
lonial-office on Monday.
Captain Huntly, Governor of Prince Edward's
Island, had an interview with Lord Stanley yesterday
at the Colonial-office.
Lord Wharneliffe, Lord President of the Council, will
give a Cabinet dinner to-Morrow (Thursday) at his re-
sidence in Curzon-street.

SHIP•LAUNCH AT BLACKWA.I.4I4.

Yesterday a ceremony of this description-7one in
which the English above all people ought to take, and do
take, a deep interest—was witnessed at the building-yard
of Messrs. Green, Wigram, and Green, 13Iackwall.
This vessel, thus sent forth to " find her home upon
the deep," has been built for the General Steam Naviga-
tion Company, and will form a valuable addition to their
already splendid fleet. She is of large dimensions, mea-
surino. between 900 and 1,000 tons by the old, or from
I,ooo' to 1,100, of the new, measurement. It had been
fixed that the launch should take place at four o'clock,
but the state of the tide did not of brd quite sufficient
depth of water at that hour, and it was rather more than
half-anst four when the business of the day actually came
off. Nothing could have been more successful. The
noble vessel took the water as if she had always been
used to it .; and her debut was hailed with the heartiest
cheers by an assemblage far more numerous than the
unfavourable weather had permitted- one to hope. •At
the appointed signal, Lady Eleanor Lowther was good
enough to undertake the office of sponsor, and with the
usual observances conferred on her_ young charge the
name cf the " Trident."
Many members of the General Steam NaVigatiOn
Company were present, naturally anxious to see the first
of this new creation of their own capital and enterprise,
and the Directors had also invited several of their friends,
among whom were Lady Grenville Somerset, and one of.
her sons, Colonel and Lady Eleanor Lowther, and ,the
MisseS LoWther, Lady Adelaide Webber, Sir Henry and
Lady Willock, Mr. Holmes, and some other ladieS and
gentlemen, between sixty and seventy of whom partook
of an elegant dejeuner, provided by the Directors, at
Lovegrove's West India Dock Tavern. Mr. Wolierley
Attivood, the Chairman of the Company, presided. with
the urbanity and savoir-faire of which he has :so EreL'
quently afforded proof on similar occasions ; and .With
the collation, where the best taste was exhibited in every
sense.of the ward, were concluded the amusements of a
day that will be looked back to with much pleasure by all:
who. had the good fortune to be present.

A dreadful accident happened this morning • on
the Great 'Western Railway between Chippenham and
Wootton Bassett. It appears that the embankment lnid
given way, and the engine went off the rail, dragging
Vie eardf•ges after it, and smashing thtm ail to pit ces. A
great number of passengers were dreadfully injured, but
we have not heard that any have been killed.
On Tuesday the 12th half-yearly meeting of the
Proprietors of the London and Croydon Railway Com-
pany took place at the London Tavern, Mr W. A.,Wil-
, kinson in the Chair. The Report congratulated the
Proprietors on the partial opening of the Brighton line,
and the immediate prospect of its entire completion. A
great diminution in the expenditure of the half-year.had
taken place, but there was also a decrease of receipts from
passengers, which was attributable to the high toll pay-
able to the Greenwich Company. On, that part of the
railway, independent of the Greenwich toll—namely,
between Croydon and New Cross, tho Directors
have 'reduced the fares ; the result has been
that the number of passengers between 'those stations
has been doubled, as compared with July, 1840. The ,1
accession of the Brighton Railway encouraged the
Directors to hope that at the next general meeting they
would be able to recommend a dividend, while the ex-
pected opening of the south-eastern line would not fail
to improve much further the prospects of the Company.
11* total capital received by the Company to the 31st
of July, 1841, was 631,8151. 14s. 6d. The coaching
and carrying account for the half year realiied
17,5411. 6s. 61d., and the expenditure was 15,449/. 18S 7d.,
leaving a balance of 2,0911. 7s. Mid., to which add a
former balance of 7,9561: 9s. 2d., making 10,0511. 178.10.
The number of passengers during the half year was
51,569 first class, 168,627 second class, 24,511 third
class ; total, 244.707 passengers. The toll paid by the
Brighton Company to the Croydon Company, since the
opening of the Brighton line, was 1,3301. The Report
having been adopted, a long controversy took place be-
tween Mr. Maubert, Mr. Ricardo, Mr. Knight, and some
other proprietors, which ended rather amicably, and a
vote of thanks was passed to the Directors, and the meet-,
ingadjourned.

—ILLNESS OF THE PRINCESS ROYAL.--•
CLAREMONT, MONDAY EVENING.-The Princess Royal
is sufficiently indisposed to excite some alarm in the
minds of the medical attendants. Sir James Clark ar-
rived here yesterday, and shortly afterwards, in conse-
quence of the symptoms which manifested ihemselves, he
went back to London to seek the additional aid of. Dr.
Locock. In the afternoon Dr. Locock returned to Clare-
mont with Sir James, and, after an hour's consultation,
Dr. Locoek took his departure for town. Sir James re-
mained at Claremont during the night, and left this
morning at eight. At that time the Princess Royal was
somewhat butter. Sir James Clark, however, posted
from London again this morning, and arrived at Clare-
mont at half-past six o'clock. It was expected that Sir
• James would not have taken his departure till to-morrow
morning, but after preparing some medicine for the
• Royal infant (who was somewhat better) at Mr. Neville's,
surgeon, of this village, he left by the last train, per
South Western Railway, for town.
SUSPECTED INFANTICIDE.--Some alarm was
created in the
;establishment of her Majesty the. 'Queen
Dowager, at Bushy House, on Friday last, by the disco-
very of the dead body of an infant under circumstances
tending to induce an opinion that it had come to
_its
death by unfair means. It appears that, on the.d4 in
question, one of the domestics saw some appearances in
one of the water-closets that induced him to obtain assist-
ance, and ultimately the dead body of an infant was re-
moved from the soil. It was in an advanced stage of de-
composition, and had evidently been in the place where
it was found for some time. Mr. Holbeston, the medi-
cal gentleman who is generally in attendance upon
the establishment of her Majesty, was sent for,
and in consequence of the facts that had come to, his
knowledge, and other circumstances that transpired,
a young female who had been acting in the capacity
of laundry-maid. named Sophia Thorpe, was taken
into custody. and was conveyed to the station at King-
ston upon the charge of having unlawfully concealed the
birth of the deceased infant. Having undergone it formal
examination before a Magistrate upon that charge, she
was remanded to await the result of the coroner's in-
quest. On Monday afternoon a Jury was empanneled
before the coroner for this division of the county, when
several witnesses were examined, but there was no direct
evidence tending to confirm the suspicion against the
female who had been taken into custody, and the Jury,
after a somewhat lengthened, inquiry, returned a verdict
" That the deceased child was found dead, but that there
was no evidence 6rfore them to show by what means it
had come by its death, or who was its mother." The
young woman was the same afternoon taken beibre Mr.
Carpenter, a Magistrate at Sunbury, when a further in-
pfiry took place, the result of which was that the accused
was set at liberty.
SHOCKING SCAFFOLD ACCIDENT.—Yester•
day afternoon, as a bricklayer, named John Wright,
was going up a ladder to the second-floor scaffolding of
some houses in Back Church-lane, St. George's-in -the-
East, he fell backwards into the roadway. Having a
load on hiS back lie was feeling his way up the ladder,
which he thought was several rails higher, and in making
a grasp at them he found he was at the top, and in an in;
stant fell backwards. His skull was severely fractured,
and he received other injouofrF A
Dean's
abny e,sihiE,icaßhrGdh:ris life much
idWAesNt.nTinTstehre:
Rev. G
endangered.
SUDDEN
Ne
DEATHi'resto,
died on Monday night, after a very few hours' ill-
ness. This gentleman had filled the situation of
Second Master of Westminster School for a number.
of years, with much credit to himself; and to the great
benefit of the boys, as a tutor. Immediately his death
was known, the inhabitants of Christ Church, New-
gate-street, of which the lamented gentleman was rec-
tor,e held a meeting, when a memorial to the Governors
itifying Saint Balrat,tritoultoteullyewl'lsith Hospital (in
and Chapter of
l a Whose gill the
Westminster), praying that they would appoint the
Rev. G. Everard to fill die vacancy, he having for up-
wards of six years performed the whole duty, was una,•
nimously- adopted and signed.
THE CRINIE OF INFANTICIDE AND CON-
CEALMENT OF BIRTII.-011 'l'uesduy no less than three
inquests were held ;by Mr. Baker and Mr. Payne, the
Coroners, on the bodies of children whose deaths were
alleged to have been caused by violence. Two out of the
three were on bodies found in the Thames.
ANTICIPATED TURN-OUT AT STOCKPORT.
--We regret to learn that in consequence of a contem-
plated reduction in prices, on the, part of two or three
large manufacturing establishments in this town, a very
extensive. turn-out of factory hands, principally spinners,
is anticipated. ;Judging from the representations which
have been made to us, the reduction will amount to
nearly one-half the earnings of many spinners, and, if
they should be compelled to cease working, the misery of
their present condition will, of course, be greatly aggra-
vated.—Stochport ClarenJch.
Two higglers were the other day disputing over
their liquor, when, much to the surprise of an old gen-
tleman who overheard it, one of them offered to ray a
scare of ems that his asserti9o Was true,

Thus the entire interest on the debts of those States,
amounting to more than three millions of dollars, has
been withdrawn from their other sources of revenue,
public or private, to pay the annual interest on an unpro-
ductive fund, drawn from England to the United States
by foreign loans.
But has a public creditor of Maryland, or of Penn-
sylvania, ever waited a day for his interest on the Stocks
of either States ?
The same interrogatory, in relation to every other State
of the twenty-six now composing the American Union,
I must meet with the same negative response ; except,
indeed, in the cases of Mississippi and Indiana.
But in the former of these a Governor, who inculcated
the doctrine that the State was not bound to pay its
bonds, was 'severely rebuked by both Houses of his
Legislature without distinction of„partie.s.
Inability to pay a debt, unexpeciedly deinan&d; not Of
the principal debtor, but of his endorser or security—
and such is the character of the cases of delinquency
referred to—is no evidence of bad faith; and set down at
its full extent, the charge upon the twenty-six States of
the American Republic rests on the delinquency of
but two, the circumstances of one of which I have related.
As to Indians .I etaertain *no more doubt of good
faith•than I do of that of the Bank of England, which
was for many years exempted by an Act of 'Parliament
. frOm the payment of its just debts, except in its own de-
preciated notes, until the rate of exchange between New
York and London fell from an advance of 10 per cent. in
faVeur of England to 20 per cent., the exchange of 1812,
in favour of the United States. Indiana has- not paid the
' interest of this year owing to a blunder in her financial
legislation, which she will repair at the next meeting of her
Legislature.
Of the territorial governments of the United States
Florida is singled out by your " Conitant Reader" for
special denunciation. Yet when the last Legislature
of that territory terminated its regular annual session,
a case of delinquency in the payment of interest on a
territorial or Florida bond had not arisen, although
the bonds of the territory never sold originally below,
and selling sometimes above par, have been in the Lon-
don Stock Market for more than six years, so that divi-
dends amounting to six-and-thirty per cent. have been
paid upon a large portion of them.
A single Florida Bank has circulated more than two
millions of territorial bonds in Europe, on which the
annual interest has not been at any time one day in
arrear.

As to the distinction to which your " Constant Reader"
refers, between "Federal and State" jurisdictions in
America, it is one little understood, like many other
facts respecting America, by the British public.
On it, however, rests the union, the peace, and proba-
bly, the freedom and happiness of more.. than seventeen
millions of people—a people speaking the language, copy-
ing the institutions, civil and religious, cultivating
the literature and science, and consuming annually- one-
fourth of the manufactures of England. And, what may
make -a strong appeal to the " Constant. Reader," who
threatens, as men high in authority have done, to em-
ploy force, as the only instrument competent to correct
the " baseness" of America, the exports of this much-
abused people constitute the chief basis of British manu-
facturing industry. Allow me to call the attention of all
your readers to but a single fact, illustrative. of this state-
ment—a fact supplied me by the late debates of the
House of Commons. It is, that the last year's Report of
British exports comprehends a value of cotton cloth and
yarns little short in amount of sixty-eight millions of
pounds sterling. To say nothing of the navigation to
which this branch of British exports gave employment,
estimate, I pray you, the number of hands it busied, of
mouths it fed, and the sum total of fixed, as well as active
capital, of which it paid the annual profit.
I will not go after your "Constant Reader" into the
merits of M•Leod's case ; nor determine whether the
United• States be more to blame for detaining and trying
M‘Leod, notwithstanding Mr. Fox's abrupt and laconic
demand for his immediate discharge ; or Great Britain,
for failing to return any answer whatever to the repeated
and civil requests of Mr. Stevenson for satisfaction for
the destruction of the Caroline, and the death, not to say
murder, of a part of her crew.
One fact, hitherto unnoticed or disregardeck I will add
to this hastily written letter ; it is, that to destroy the
Caroline it was necessary for the military 'expedition
which accompanied that not very glorious aehievemert,
to pass around a British island in the River Niagara,
within point-blank cannon-shot of the Canadian shore,
whereon were stationed a band of brigandists, who had
set at nought the jurisdiction of Great Britain, but
whom the authors of that rewarded exploit did nut at-
tempt to disturb.
One other fact, permit me to add, that the United
States are the only nation on earth who have a law to
punish, and that severely too, their own citizens • for
setting on foot a military expedition against any people
with whom they. are at peace.
For the frequent and open violation of the principle
on which this law is founded, let the history of other na-
tions be consulted.
In conclusion, let me tell you that the seeds of ani-
mosity between England and the United States am
widely scattered over both countries, that peace is the
interest of both, and no true friend of either can wish
its interruption.
It is true that the United States, as lately intimated in
one of your columns, arc not prepared for war. The
policy may be questioned at least, whether, situate as
they are, remote from Europe, it would be wise in
them to incur a great and constant annual expense, to
maintain, in time of peace, institutions hostile to the ge-
nius of their Government and the spirit of the people.
But let war come upon them when it may, they will
be found not so unprepared as you have supposed. 'Every
man in America is accustomed to the use of a gull ; lie
needs no drilling to make him a good marksman. In
courage, the descendants of Great Britain and Ireland
emulate their sires ; and there is scarcely a branch or
manufacture which is not now established in America.
This sort of industry needs but another wnr to advance
most rapidly towards perfection, and to supplant abroad,
Nv 1 en peace shall have returned, the nation least to be
benefited by its improvement.
A ship, the largest in the world, has long rested under
cover•of the largest edifice in America, which was ready
to be. launched on the bosom of Lake Ontario at the •
close of the war of 1812, when but sixty days old, from
the hour at which her keel was laid at Jackett's Harbour.
The go-ahead policy of an enterprising people, to which
your " Constant Reader" alludes, needed in this instance
no aid from British capital ; and will, even in this
branch of national defence, soon • supply the negligence
of peace, and assume the attitude and means of hostile
annoyance towards any foe that may wantonly wage war
upon them. Forbear, therefore, I pray you, the expe-
riment of force, which is, at best, but a vulgar instru-
ment in this philosophic age, and •do not fight simply
because ydu are better prepared for battle than your
neighbour.
. A FRIEND OF ENGLAND AND AMERICA

Lord Western, the veteran Corn. law advocate,
and impugner of our Currency system, has published a
Supplement to his Letter to Lord .John Russell, in which
he says—" My opinions I need hardly repeat ; unhesi-
tating, unshaken, they are formed upon the long and
anxious thoughts of many years, after availing myself of
the superior information of others ; and convinced I am,
that nothing but an alteration in our monetary system
can relieve our present distress, or render effective any
measures for our future security. That a change ere long
must come, I believe no man of reflection can doubt; the
Bank cannot remain for ever subject to perform impossibili-
ties. Such an alteration of our monetary system us 1 con-
template, would be felt only it: the relief and benefit of all
classes, in the steadiness of the markets, am! the security
of the merchant and manufacturer. They would be then
enabled to rely upon the well-founded calculation of pro-
bable demand and supply, which at present afford them
no protection against loss and failure."
Last April the diligence between Rochechouart
and Limoges, when conveying a number of witnesses to
appear on a trial to come on before the Court at Limoge:4,
%%55 overturned, as we stated at the time, and !Lally of
the passengers were more or less seriously injured. All
arrangetnents for, a compromise having failed, actions
were brought against M. Penicaud, the proprietor of the
diligence, and the following sums have been awarded to
be paid by him for the damages occasioned. The list is
curious:: for a broken thigh, 3,300 f.; a brni,e on the
abdomen, 800 f.; a wound in the ht id, 600 E; the entire
loss, of a nose, 4,500 f; a brokenrib, 1,000 f.; a broken
shoulder, 1,000 f.; a rupture, 2,000 f ; a wound ill the
head, 6001: ; a contusion, 500 f.; ditto, 400 f. 1 total, -
14.700 f.

LITERATURE.
THE HISTORY OF GUERNSEY.
Longman, Patetn os ie i• row.
•
Guernsey, the chief of the Channel islands,
' has long stood in need of an historian, and Mr.
Duncan, from his long acquaintance with the
Norman policy and movements, as also'having
personal knowledge of most of he leading men
in the island, and access to the inedited docu-
ments and manuscripts which their archives
possess, had advantages at his disposal
viiich have combined towards the pro-
duction of an authentic and sterling work.
This island appears to have been faithful
in its allegiance to the English Crown
under all aspects and political changes, from the
remote period of its first junction to England,
in the person of the Norman William, of whose
duchy it formed part. During the various sieges
it Las undergone, as also the later period of the
revolutionary war against France, the privateers
of Guernsey were eminently diStinguished by the
hardihood of their crews, and the rich prizes they
captured. Edmund Burke observed that the Chan-
nel Islands occupied no mean share in contribu-
ting to the naval pre-eminence of Great Britain.
The present Carey family, which is now so nu-
merous and respectable in the island, was planted
here in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in the
person of a Carey, nearly related to Anna Boleyn,
a poor man, but whom the royal favour of
the former Queen elevated to a fair standing in
the island. They are the only family connected
with the Royal blood in the island, and their
escutcheons of three roses and a swan-crest be-
speak the quartering of their arms with Eliza-
beth's. The internal policy of the island afibrds
some few points worthy of notice, as they differ
materially from those of England, some for
the better, others for the worse.. Among
the more objectionable is that of the
prison discipline, which permits the indul-
gence to the felonry, of daily intercourse
with their associates. This non-observance of the
" silent system" undoubtedly renders punish-
ment light, and the object of severity is defeated.
Again, in the judicial courts, the method of trial
proceeded upon in criminal cases appears open
to a host of objections. It is an
lity that a coroner's jury, who act in con-
formity to the plan adopted, by which
all the preliminary evidence and facts of
the case are gone into, before the prisoner or
his counsel are permitted to appear or state their
case, can come into Court, on the day of trial,
with unprejudiced minds. This unfairness to-
wards the prisoner has been long acknowledged,
but no reformatory measures have been taken. The
" Small-farm system" is, perhaps, one of the
most pleasing features of the island, as it bears
upon the peculiar relation of landlord and tenant,
appertaining especially to Guernsey. To enter
into a discussion of the nature of this tenure of
.property would far exceed our limits ; but- it
appears to be productive of such reciprocal ad-
vantages to both parties, and experience has
proved it to. generate so excellent a system of in-
dustry, content, and economy, that our author
earnestly urges its adoption -r Ireland, stead-
fastly believing that if acted upon there, an Iridi
acre would yield comfortable subsistence to five-
fold its present number of- persons, the ratio al-:
lotted to the same surface of ground in Guernsey.

HISTORY OF THE IRON TRADE.
Smith and Elder, London, 1841.

To practical men, and those who take an interest
in the subject, this history of the iron trade through-
out the world, from the earliest records to the
present period, will present many points of at-
traction, for it is the carefully digested pro-
duction of a gentleman who shows in every
page that he is perfectly familiar with
his subject, and who treats it accordingly in a
succinct and luminous manner. The design of
his work is—as he assures us in the introduc-
tion—to report from researches into ancient and
later writers what they have noticed of impor-
tance relative to the history of iron—a design
which he has worked out in detail and with
much skill.

THE PORCELAIN TOWER.
Bentley, London, 1841.
The majority of these stories have already ap-
peared from tune to time in the pages of Bent-
ley's popular Miscellany, where they attracted
so much attention as to have been deemed worthy
of re-publication. They are mostly narratives,
founded on Chinese habits and legends; are re-
plete with arch drollery, and are illustrated in a
kindred spirit by Leech. A more humorous or
entertaining little volume has not appeared this
season.

DIBDIN'S SONGS. Part I.
how and Parsons, London, 1841.

The day of Dibdin's popularity is, we appre-
hend, fast passing away. He was perhaps the
most successful ballad-writer of his time; but
that time was one of mediocrity, when a very
litte poetic talent went a great way, and made a
very effective show. His happiest efforts were
his sea songs, which were sung with enthu-
siasm by the blue-jackets, and possess a cer-
tain rough cordiality of manner and homeliness
of senthnent, every way calculated to recommend
them to the favour of those to whose sympathies
and prejudices they appealed. But their great
defect is, that they inculcate the blindest and
unhesitating submission to authority, under
every possible circumstance. They impress upon
the sailor the fact that he is to consider himself
a mere machine, incapable of thinking or judg-
ing• fbr himself. He is to have no feeling of his
own, but such as his Sovereign may be pleased to
patronize. "God save the King!" is to be the alpha
and omega of his thoughts"--the sole prompter of
his actions; and next to this, 'he is to cherish a
deep-rooted hatred and contempt of the French,
as though they are his natural enemies, whom it
is an act of insanity to attempt to conciliate.
These sentiments suited the time at which Dibdin
wrote, when the nation was in a perfect ferment
respecting French revolution and French in-
vasion ; but they now wear an aspect of the
most absurd exaggeration; and are only worth
preserving as a curious record of the sympathies
and prejudices of a past age. llibdin's sea-songs,
though they may tend to make a sailor a more
exemplary machine, and raise his feelings of
loyalty up to fever-point, will never strengthen
and ennoble his sense of morality, or exalt him
in the scale of thinkingbeings.

EXCURSIONS IN NORMANDY. 2 Volt.
album, London, 1841.
Normandy has been of late years quite the
rage with. English tourists, as much so as even
the Rhine or the Genevese Alps, and numerous
are the volumes of travels we have perused on
the subject. To say nothing of Landscape An-
nuals devoted to illustrating the scenic beauties,
antiquities, &c., of this fine Trench pro-
vince, we have had Mrs. Trollope lavishing
encomiums on it to the extent of two
volumes; Miss Costello raking up all its wild
legends and superstitions; Mr. Tolfrey dwelling
with rapture on its various sporting capabilities;
and now comes Mr. Shoberl, with a series of
sketches descriptive of the characters, manners,.
customs, &c., of the Normans, as also of thenr
arts, sciences, manufhctures,scenery,and history.
His work takes a wide range; and it is but justice
to add, that it does well what it profesSes to do.
After devotim.r.an introductory chapter to a brief
digest of the history of Normandy, and to some
details respecting its wealth in natural produc-
tions, the author proceeds to describe the well.
known sea-port of Havre, of whose commercial im-
portance he speaksdiighly, observing that "nearly
one-fourth in amount, and nearly one-third in total
value, of all the goods circulated in France pass
through the town." He adds that the mercantile
class of Havre in general espouse the principles
of free trade; and though in every political
struggle they have shown themselves decided
partizans of the juste milieu, yet on all commer-
cial questions they are real Jacobins, who cannot
endure any monopolies or privileges no matter
whether belonging to nobility or 'bourgeoisie.
Dieppe our author describes as being durincg the
season " one of the pleasantest sea-bathing places
in Europe," and states that it owes its celebrity
to the Duchess of Berri, who for years visited it
annually up to the period of the revolution of
1830. In describing
_Rouen, the name and
deeds of Joan of Arc of course occur to the
author's recollection, and he expresses great
indignation "at the manner in which both
French and English have treated the Maid
of Orleans, and even her memory. The house
in which she was barn," lie says, " has been
turned into a cow-house ; the tower, where she
w:ls confined, has been pulled down ; and it has
been deemed superfluous to erect a monument
for her, either where Site lived or where she
died." We close our,asty notice by one or two
anecdotes of sea-bAiing at Havre :
Men and women bathe here together, and I really
cannot see that there is anything objectionable in
most.tiis
practice. The women wear bathing dresses of the t
modest fashion, to which a ball-dress is absolute
trugs-11( she d1;11"11 I't expose
her.
Sometimes the playful waves will draw out.e itpnt,oi
untie a string, and then you may perhaps the b
em
piz
tiful curve of
course, blushesa white
,as ho
gloat deal I
more to every eye when fashion pleasesd 'to mm
do fair
ir
From my own experience on several
occasions, I have
found that the bathing together of the sexes was a lucky
circumstance. '1 h Sea is at all times treacherous.
During the ebb, it always draws you away to a distance;
ninth you have gnat dirlieulty to reach the shore again,
when von have ventured out too far. One day, a beau-
tiful English woman, too confident in the dominion
n hick her country assumes over th4elewtra, had swum

E VENING SU

to some distance in the sea, and when shetatteropted tk,
return,' her 'strength soon failed her in the unwonted
exertion. Her cry for help made such an impression
on the ladies present, that they immediately hurried out
of the water,' to watch in safety from the shore the tragic
event that was preparing, while others loudly echoed her
call. • Two young men, the only swimmers present, who
were already in their machines, sallied forth instanta-
neously, plunged into the water, and.in a few minutes
rought the fair.stranger, half dead with'fright, if no-
thing else, in triumph to the shore. On tln following.
day, one of "these two, a friend of mine, had the good
fbrume to save three ladies at once. This time it was
flood tide, which is mischievous too, and was trying
whether it could succeed better in catching its prey than
the ebb had done the day before. At the. place where
the flood has reached its highest point, it generally
scoops out the ground to the depth of some feet. Be-
yond this hollow commences the level sandy beach, which
I have described above. On that day, three young
ladies had been bathing quietly on this plain, while the
flood was gradually rising. )c-lien they • attempted to
return to the shore, the water in this hollow was above
their heads, and cut off their retreat. The nearer they
approached the shore, the deeper the water became.
Cries of distress were their only resource: The ladies
on the shore ran, in their alarm, to and fro, cad the cry
for help, echoed from every mouth, was all the assist-
ance they could afford. Jiy friend came up just at this
moment, and it on the preceding day, he had forgotten
to put on his bathing drawers, he had now forgotten to
fling off the gown, plunged into the sea, and brought to
shore the three females, who had already lust their foot-
ing when he reached them. Akw seconds later, and
they must have perished. On account of such accidents,
let men and women continue to bathe together, as they
have hitherto done.

. SACK.—In the reign of azab!th, and down to
the end of the 17th century, our trefathers appear to
have been fond of sweet and spiced wines, as the name o
sack for the sweet wines of that period sufficiently indi-
cates. Shakspeare frequently mentions sack and mulled
sack in many of his plays, and he makes Falstaff mil for
burnt sack. Sack is not found mentioned in the Percy
Household Book. That sack was an artificial liquor, and
made of various sweet wines, like punch of the present
day, made of various spirits, is evident ; as we say
sometimes now ruin punch, whisky punch, rack punch,
as specifying the particular spirit of which it is made ;
so our ancestors said of sack ; sometimes it was simply
mentioned as sack, at others sherry-sack, Mahigi-sack,
Canary-sack. The following. passage inserted in '" Poor
Robin's Alnianack for 1685," gives the names of different
kinds :—" All these liquors come far short of the praise
of sack, whether it be Castilian, Canary, Iberian, Sher-
rian, Mallagonian, Robolonian, Robdanian, Peterseinan-
' tan, or_by what other name or title secret dignified or
distinguished." Our ancestors liked wines sweet (whetwe
the name sack, from the Latin succharam, Greek sac-
Aaron, sugar) and spiced. " Let rich men," says Poor
Robin, "drink burnt claret, mulled sack, sherry, old
Malaga, tent, ippoeras, and burnt brandy."
A HARD CASE.—In the course of last week
some poor men, at some risk to themselves, dragged from
the river a young woman who had attempted to commit
suicide. She. was taken before an Alderman, and at the
conclusion of her examination the poor men applied for
:some remuneration. .With an
.air of lofty virtue, the
Aft;gistrate replied, thatle supposed any one would sate
fellow-creature without reward. That may be true ,
but these poor men had spoiled their apparel ; this was
pointed out, and 4s. from the poor•boX was given to the
men. .1\ ow the writer of this does nut blame the Alder-
man, though if that high functionary had given a pound
from his own purse, instead of 4s. from the poor-box, it
would have looked quite as well ;'but. he. does consider
it a national 'disgrace that there is no fund' for the re-
ward of the acts of heroism occasionally pertertned by
very pour people. We reward people who fight—
though they do it quite literally as a trade—though
they are in number immense ; surely the nation would
not ill spentio the few pounds Mach would reward the
comparativety numerous indeed, but, as to possible ex-
pense to be incurred, limited cases of this sort. In Prance
these poor men would have had a cross of honour'; here
they exchange decent clothes fin- 4s. and some prosy
aldermanics on the benevolent duties of men

ATTORNEYS TO WlT.—The .Master of the
Bolls, Lord Langdale, has laid on the table of the iloese
of. Lords "A Bill for consolidating and amending the
laws relating to attorneys and solicitors practising in
England and Wales." It is a rather length• affair,
consisting of
.upwards of 50 clauses, the first clause re-
pealing wholly or,in part nearly 30 Acts of Parliament,
passed since the time of Edward 11., and two even so
recent as the reign of her present Majesty, to regulate and
control those agents of all that is legal. It requires that no
attorney shall have at one time more than two articled
clerks, nor take in any until he have been in practice five
years ; that clerks be bound for five ears, and arc re-
quired to be actually serving during that period, though
they may be one year with a barrister or special pleader•,
and one year with a London agent ; that •' persons ap-
plying for admission as attorneys be examined by the
judges or persons authorised by them as. to fitness and
capacity ;" that persons practising without certificates
be incapable of recovering fees ; that attorneys who are
" prisoners" be not allowed to commence or defend suits;
that attorneys be incapacitated from becoming justices of
the peace ; that unqualified persons be Led :from
acting in the county courts; that attorneys. be not allowed
to commence.an action for fees, till "one month after
delivery of their bills of costs ;" that such 'hills, whether
paid or not, be subject to taxation; that attorneys he en-
abled " to take securities for costs," &e.

THE WEATH ER.—THUND-Elt. STORM.—On
Friday evening; the metropolis. and the neighbourhood
for miles around was visited by a very severe storm of
thunder and lightning, accompanied by very heavy rain,
which lasted upw-urds of an hour. Front the morning
the atmosphere was much clouded, with the wind south-
west. Towards noon it became almost rt perfect calm
and very sultry, which continued through the afternoon.
About two o'clock th.-re was a heavy shower of rain, ac-
companied by vivid lightning, which was, however, of
but short duration. About four o'clock -there was
another smart-shower, from which time the atmosphere
began to thicken, until about six o'clock, when it had
assumed the appearance of a dense fog coming on, which
increased until about ball-past six o'clock, and the storm
suddenly burst forth with great violence, proceeding ap-
parently from south to north, the rain 'descending m
torrents,- the lightning being of the 'description called
forked, and very vivid. A few minutes after the storm
commenced the wind suddenly shifted to the north, and
from thence to the cast, from which (lite•ter it blew
strorglv, which tended greatly to disperse the densely
charged clouds and lessen the violenczrof•the storm. We
have not heard of any serious damage having been done,
although we have heard of persons of both xes having
been slightly struck by the electric fluid.
ANDERSTON.— About twenty years ago one
thousand hand -looms were employed in this district. 13%-
a recent survey by Captain Wilson, only 209 were found
in the entire burgh ! and of thezie 26 acre without webs.
—GI 'vow Argils.

The greatest blots, however, upon the Peel Go-
vernment are the renegades Stanley and Graham. At
one period of his life the latter 'Vent fur beyond the ma-
jority of the Reform party in Parliamet;t in the ultra libe-
rality of the opinions which he promulgated, and of late
years he has shown himself one of the bitterest foes to the
progress of Reform; Lord Stanley, a member of that Ad
ministration which brought forward the great measure of
Parliamentary,lieform, is sow the colleague of the same
F.lr Robert Peel, who declared of the Deform Bil 4 in
1839, that "Time and good patience may reconcile me
to physical pain or moral danger, but to this measure
I new. can become reconciled. The more I consi-
der it, the more. I am satisfied of its dangerous and mis-
chievous char:tete-x.7 The new Colonial Minister suc-
ceeds to the seals herd- by the foremost nu mber of the
late Cabinet, and it is greatly to be fear 4 that the mo-
dern Hotspur, the atitkOref the Bill for coercing Ireland,
will make sad havoc with those great interests so zeal-
ously watched over by Lord John- 14ussell.—C1ivow
Argus.

The wont feature in' the new Administration
is the prominent place given in it to the avowed eneatios
of commercial freedom. What reasonable grounds can
any one have to hope for a real improvement in the
Corn-laws with 'such men as the Duke or Buckingham
and Sir Edward linatchbull in the Cabinet ? or, for a
relaxation in the sugar and other colonial nionopc.ili.e!
with Mr. W. E.--Gladstone virtually at the head of the
Board or Trade: Unless they are prepared to stirT,l:
der their past opinions to preserve their places, t/1
there is no reason to believe, their appointment:l.'4/I:dt
be considered as pledges to the monopolists 1:
sugar, that nothing effectual shall be dbne t./d(c',liiin''',n`,Tiltilcliel
trade and commerce of the country from the /I
auriellfilNl%iiri(gtetihieednGesasz....._etteLlN.vveirtlpi,bvainykii;,tteLsit.s,A
SINGULAR CHARACTERS.
ite entrailsuilir;ust 1 .
i e )G.:alzeql• coNtneit:..,
luxury, the
sixty thousand pounds, enjoyed 7, greaterrepair daily
to the
man, who had scraped together. out otliegroeerY line,
last three years of his life,
shop, and, precisely as the clock,),
eat his Mutton with
he lenture to ask for
old-fashioned hour of city dining),
liippon, chief cashier
but alter' three
than
struck two (the good
his successors. The late Thomassingular oddity. Once
of the Bank of England, alndcdrittia:n
aonfloyritnnigahseesrviiicocuo:f,
holiday.
ft yili"e'Llis: (tio „,. , ;
•
regions of Threadneet , _
moping,unhaiiNaritlidinibwle;fti.ln.istrit,:rr7,,ellB:, beautiful Idol ti.eilt:(ta:(lti fields,-;:ltrisiecd.tiheilsek.b lisstbuel
ovE.—Last among the cliarac-
dgareYls;
MOTHERLY I, .
is that sweet motherly love with which
it is almost independent ofcold rea-
itieartiusretiesih,::),sti
giftedi()li."-:•e?hril:lllirv'ed from all selfish hope ofrewartl. Not
son, ant .
because it is lovely, does the mother love, her child, but
• •is a living part of herself—the child of her
because it
a fraction of her own nature. Therefor°, do her
yearn overhis Ivailings ; her heart beats quicker
blood flows more softly through her veins,
when the breast which he drinks knits him to her.•—
lierder: Mrs. Audio's Fragments front' Getman it
Gazelle des Tribunaux gives the following
account of a SlitAing• murder and suicide at Mortagne,
in the department o: the Orne, on the 29th ult. :—" A
female atoned' Vallorey, who had been living fer three
years at l'Aigle, as the mistress of a married man, the
father of three children, at length quitted him and came
to Mortagne." The man, whose mune was Gorman, fol-
lowed her, and an apparent reconciliation being effected,
he went to sleep at a house of bad famein which she re-
sided. In the course of the evening screams were heard,
.and the Cominissary of Police, who was by chance pass-
ing the house, saw the woman rush forth streaming with
blood. She had no sootier reached the street than she
fell dead, having received a stab with a knife, which
passed through the body to the back. The Commissary
having catered the house, found the miser sin, Gorman,
weltering in his blood, and inswisible from the wounds ini
had inflicted on himself. On the following Int:riling
Gorman wag ttr a moment able to sp,:ak, and inquireti
whether the wetnan was dead? On being answered in the
affirmative, he smiled 1V 1111 :::',:tijaetil):l, RIO 4141VVt ii,P,
rautliatel,y afterwards diucti9