The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-25 00:00:00

THE r SUN, L'ONDON, FRICAY ETENING, DECE

ILLUSTRATED TALE IN " THE Amnon," Price Is. 3a S /OLTAIRE casts his inimitable sarcasms at the abuses of
On January I, 1847, Chapters 1., 11., 111., and 1V.,0t"
THE MI SE R'S l
L
L; II the tomb. It is in his "Basouc lc monde comme
Or, LOVE AND AVARICE. An English Tale. I'al va." After conducting Babouc into a cathedral
By PERCY B. ST. JOHN.
in Persepolis, the writer describes a ceremony per-
formed by the worshippers. They removed a large
elmirrinorenwillt
writers, and
,sb-eillEdbeiteldllubsytr3latre.elSint. jtgleintliasstsitsitlyellebry C 7
severeal3
art by Hine, Archer, and Walmsley.
Now ready, Vol. 1., new series, price ss. 6d. stone, he says, and having thrown out some earth,
H. Hurst, 27, King William-street, Strand.
, which exhaled " one odeur empestee," they laid a
. dead body in the hole and reclosed the aperture.
" Quoi ! s'ecria Baboue, ces peoples enterrent leurs
morts dans les 'dines lieux ou ils adorent la divinite ?
Quoi ! leurs temples sont paves de cadavres? Je he
m'etonne plus de ces maladies pestilentielles qui deso-
lent scuvent Persepolis. La pourriture des morts, et
celle de tent de vivans rassembles et presses dans le
meme lieu est capable d'empoisonner le globe terrestre.
Ah ! la vilaine ville que Persepolis !" What the wit-
tiest of philosophers applied to the evil of burial
within churches, he might have applied with yet
greater force to the burial within towns generally.
He expresses astonishment at the temples of the DEITY
being "paved with corpses"---what would not
have been his astonishment now-a-days when the at-
mosphere of a city is tainted by the poisonous gases
rising from the unwholesome grass and through the
very cracks of the stones in our metropolitan grave •
yards ? He might have uttered his indignant
apostrophe not to Persepolis, but to London, to
Minchinhampton, and to a thousand other places scat-
tered through Great Britain.
Shall these things continue unchecked ? Will the
Legislature remain idle while the lives of the people
are being thus infamously sacrificed, and their moral
character jeopardised ? Lord JOHN RUSSELL ITs
promised the citizens of the metropolis, and through
them the population of England, measures calculated
to ensure their sanatory improvement. Meanwhile
the Health of Towns' Association is watchful, Mr.
MACKINNON is untiring, and we ourselves shall not

TRANSIT FOR THE MILLION
NORWICH ECONOMIC CONVEYANCE COMPANY,

(Registered Provisionally,)
For the conveyance of passengers and small parcels to and free. a
all parts of the city and its environs, at stated intervals during ti Le.
day, at twopence each ; with power of extension to other towns in
Norfolk and Suffolk, upon the principle of the companies alrea( ly
formed in London, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, &c., &c.
Capital 200,0001., divided into 40,000 shares of 51. each.
Deposit 6d. per share,
being all the Act of Parliament allows to be taken upon shares if
this amount. The Company is to be considered formed wh et
20,000 shares are subscribed for. Directors to be chosen from t.
shareholders. The call on complete registration not to exceed t
per share. No subscriber to be liable beyond the amount of h
share.

TRUSTEES.
Ferdinand Ives, Esq.

remain inactive.

With the knowledge which the public now possess
of the general outline of the policy which the Mi-
nistry mean to recommend to Parliament for the
purpose of renovating the social condition of the
Emerald Isle, and with the information that has
been acquired (by what has been lately revealed at
different agricultural associations in England), that
the minds of the Protectionists are becoming rapidly
imbued with a sense of their former errors—it will
be readily perceived that the political crises of the
present year will be productive of great national
benefit. The alarming and disastrous failure of the
potato crop has driven public men to a searching in-
quiry into the fundamentals of Irish misery, and
measures will now be promptly produced, by virtue
of which the natural rights of the cottier, and the
tenantry at large, in that afflicted land, will be re-
cognised in a spirit of equity, and protected by Acts
of Parliament. The direct consequences of this
policy will be, that the labouring population will be
materially advantaged by the encouragement which
will be thus given to capitalists, not only large, hut
small, to invest their means for eliminating
the latent bounties of a soil as rich by
nature as it has hitherto been shamefully neglected;
and thus, in the natural order of things, we shall
gradually raise up a body of peasantry, forming a
social nucleus in Ireland of the utmost importance to
her future welfare. Such is the hope we may now
legitimately entertain with respect to Ireland—a hope
which is strictly traceable to the convictions en
gendered in the minds of our public men, from ai
.energetic and profound consideration of the fearful
results which have cumulated upon Ireland, by
reason of a severe visitation of PROVIDENCE. Thu:
will the truth of the saying, that " out of evil comes_
good," be forcibly demonstrated.
In England, on the other hand, we anticipate that
a similar boon will be conferred on our peasantry by
the other great crisis, for which the year 1846 will
be ever memorable in the annals of our country. The
abolition of the corn- laws has already begun to lead
to the salutary changes which, it was predicted,
would be the certain fruits of their abrogation. We
hear scarcely a whisper in favour of repealing
Sir R. PEEL'S last and greatest measure. On the
contrary, we daily discover wholesome signs—and
-we rejoice to note them—of the self styled cham-
pions of the landed interest turning their minds
to what is fittest to be done for their own
emolument, and for the benefit of those beneath
their influence, and all upon the assumption that the
doom of the corn-laws has been irrevocably sealed.
When these obnoxious laws were in full force the
comparatively wealthy and enterprising tenant applied
to his landlord for a leasehold interest of sufficient
duration to justify him in making pecuniary outlays
for extensive and permanent improvements in the
estate he occupied. The application was ever made
in vain. The landlords, bent upon influencing the
votes of their tenants, that a selfish monopoly might
be upheld, by returning a large number of agricul
tural representatives to the House of Commons, in-
variably adhered to the rule of granting only a
tenancy at will. But now that the monopoly has
been so gloriously wrested from them, now that they
have no longer the same unilateral policy to
bolster up, " a change has come o'er the
spirit of their dream," and a healthier
tone is imparted to their councils. We
have now the Duke of RICHMOND stepping forward
and declaring his anxiety for a law to secure to the
tenants and farmers due compensation for the per-
manent and unexhausted improvements which they
may have effected in their several holdings; we have
his Grace at length proclaiming, not that tenan
rights (for it is amusing to notice that at the use o
the term "ri:glits" the mind of the Lord of Good.

wood adroitly revolts) should be secured, but that
"justice" to tenants should be duly and uni-
(ormly recognised by some general law. We think
these territorial aristocrats could not better

employ their time, nor more felicitously repair the
serious errors they have committed, than by uniting
their minds and influence towards speedily procuring►
aa Act of Parliament for acknowledging the natural
rights of their agricultural dependents. By adopting
this course they would not only be doing an act of
tardy justice, but they would, at the same time, be
pursuing a policy, no small portion of the genial effects
of which they would themselves indubitably enjoy.
Far better this than to busy themselves about a
repeal of the malt-tax, which, for some time

it least, it is hopeless for them to expect to
carry, seeing that it yields a revenue of between

roar and five millions ; and that it is impossible
he national exchequer can dispense with this sum till

AT shall have been first recompensed for the large re-
:nission of taxation, which we have recently sane -
tioned, through the enlarged reciprocal intercourse
which we confidently look to establish, by developing
to the utmost of our ability the principles of free trade.
The Protectionists would do well to attend to these

suggestions, and " take time by the forelock."

The committee of the Irish landlords, appointed at
the meeting of the 14th instant, to which we have
already alluded, have commenced their useful labours.

It has been decided that they are to meet twice a
week, for the purpose of taking into their consideration
several matters coming peculiarly within the
sphere of their duties. The honorary secretaries are
all gentlemen of the highest respectability and intel-
ligence, and may be looked upon as the representatives
of large properties, and of various political feelings.
The first on the list, Mr. MONSELL, of Tervoe, is him-
self the proprietor of a considerable estate in the
county of Limerick, and is also the son-in-law of the
Earl of DIINRAVEN. He formerly contested the re-
presentation of his native county on Conservative
principles, but was defeated. He is a gentleman of
great intelligence and excellent private character, a
kind and liberal landlord, a judicious and improving
agriculturist. He made himself particularly active in
pointing out the defects of the Labour-rate Act and
the means by which they might be corrected ; he has
been one of the earliest advocates for works of a beneficial
and reproductive character; the suggestions he has here-
tofore put forward have been very valuable, and he
has earned for himself the respect of men of all classes
of political feeling. The committee could scarcely have
made a better selection, or one that would more entirely
merit and receive the public approbation than that of
Mr. AIONSELL. The other three gentlemen are
barristers. Mr. MoNcx is the nephew and, we
believe, heir presumptive of the Earl of RATIIDOWNr.,
and Mr. BOURKE is the nephew of the Earl of MAYO.
Sir C01.1%1[47.1 O'LociimN it is well known is the
eldest son and successor of the late revered Master of
the Rolls. He has, although barely of six years'

standing at thta bar, attained for himself, by his learn-
ing and abilits, a position in his profession as high
as was, perhaps , ever attained by any person within
the same peri o( 1. If anything could be wished for in
the selection o: the secretaries, it would be that every
shade of poll .t."cs had been represented. The three
first-named gentlemen are all high Conservatives;
the last, aLi b oral and Repealer. We hope and trust
that no ques ti on will arise of a nature to engender
disputes and d ifferences in the committee It would,
indeed, be nu )st unfortunate for Ireland if such was
the case. r. here has been far too much distrust
already exhi bi .ted. These petty jealousies have pre-
vented the c co-operation of persons of opposite
political feel:a igs. We hope that the proceedings of
the Irish laiadlords and their committee will show
how unfounded were the fears and doubts that so
long preves 'led an association so beneficial to the
country.

On the 18th instant the committee issued their
first circular. As might have been expected, it re-
lated to the p ractical defects of the Labour-rate Act,
and the modification of it under Mr. LABOUCHERE'S
letter. It Es s been extensively circulated through
the landown evs, and the gentlemen to whom it was
forwarded ha.we been requested to take the trouble of
ascertaining :the opinions of influential persons in
their several d istricts with respect to the suggestions
therein conta:ilned. The committee do not by any
means bind tl lemselves thereto, but desire to obtain
the opinions o f practical men in various localities as
to their applicability to the wants of the country; they
request that every publicity may be given to their
circular, and. that any resolutions passed at relief
committees, baronial sessions, or elsewhere, in re-
ference there to, may be forwarded to one of the
honorary secretaries as soon as possible.
The circular states that the Labour-rate Act,
which came into operation in the month of August
last, had the advantage of assessing all landed Pro-
perty according to its value, but the disadvantage
of applying only to unprofitable works. The fatal
character of this latter defect, and the modification
of its provisions by the well-known letter of the
Chief Secretary, of the 6th October last, in pur-
suance of the almost universal remonstrance of the
landed interest, are facts of which one is aware.
This defect, which was pointed out almost imme-
diately on the bringing the Act into operation,
could not fairly be imputed to the Govern-
ment. The public works were intended by
the Ministry to be merely auxiliary to private exer-
tion and private enterprise. In this point of view
there is no doubt that the Act would have had a most
beneficial operation, but it was carried out in a manner
%%belly different from that which was contemplated.
I n place of being a mere aid, it became the chief, if
not the only means, of employment for the starving
population. A moderate and reasonable sum might
have been well expended on public works, but the

enormous amount required for the support and main-
tenance of the people would have imposed an in-
tolerable burden on the real property of the country,
unless it could be applied to works of a reproductive
character. The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland took
upon himself a great and serious responsibility,
n order to afford a remedy for this gigantic evil. He
was, however, bound to keep as near the principle
that had been sanctioned by the Legislature as pos-
iible. The Senate has not yet recognised the pro-
priety or expediency of freeing all persons who give
employment to the quantity of labour, which should
fairly be provided for by their lands, and who should
expend their proportion of the labour rate in the Em-
ployment of persons who should otherwise be occu-
pied on the public works, from any further contribu-
don to that rate. We fully assent to the propriety of
the principle ; indeed, we have pressed it at various
times upon the public attention. We did so on the 12th
of September last, and on several occasions since, more
especially when commenting on the bold and states-
manlike plan promulgated by the Irish Executive;
but Lord BESBOROUGH could scarcely be expected to
take such a step without the legislative sanction
having been received for the principle. The com-
mittee point out a striking example of the additional
burden that would fall on the willing landlords, and
the manner in which those who refused to give the
required undertaking would evade their just respon-
sibility. They also offer seven different suggestions
for an amended Labour-rate Act, to expire in
August, 1847, in all of which we fully concur, but to
which we are unable to refer more fully this day.

Ea 25,

The price of grain has again risen in all the corn
markets in the neighbourhood of Paris.
The Presse announces the arrival of Mr. COBDEN
at Perpignan on the 14th instant, on his return from
Spain.

The Three per Cents. closed at 80f. 65c. ; the Five
per Cents., 118 f. 45e. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares,
1,257 E 50c ; Rouen, 905 f.; Havre, 663 f. 75c.; Great Northern,
645 f. ; Avignon, 8761. 25c.; Vierzon, 605 f. ; Bordeaux,
5631. 75c.; Troves and Montereau, 50c.; Bas!e, 2201.;
Dieppe, 3601.; 'Paris and Strasburg, 4861. 25c. ; Tours and
Nantes, 4871. 50c. ; Paris and Lyons, -5891. 75e. ; Lyons and
Avignon, 485 f. ' • Bordeaux and Cette, 450 f. ; Belgian Two_
and. a-lialf per Cents., 55%; Spanish DOT estic Debt, 32.3:i ;
ditto, Passives, 53.

It i. 3 so seldom that we hear of anything like
cordial good feeling existing between the governors
and the governed in any of our colonial dependencies,
that where we do meet with symptoms of its ex-
istence we feel it a duty to call public attention to
the fact. In the performance of this gratifying duty,
we beg to direct attention to an article on British
Guiana,- extracted from the Colonial Gazette,
which will be found in another column
The Honourable H. E. P. YOUNG, who has
held the office of Government Secretary from 1834
to 1846, has just arrived in England, and on his de-
parture an address was presented to him, signed by
the elective members of the Court of Policy of Deme-
rara, the members of the Combined College of Elec-
tors, and the other inhabitants of Georgetown, bearing
testimony, by universal assent, to the zeal, diligence,
and competency with which he has usefully exercised
his official functions in the colony. This address was
forwarded to Mr. YOUNG by Mr. PETER ROSE, who,
in his letter, says, "It has been my la to be op-
posed to
you in
perhaps, more than
any other
oienalthpeoeliotliocsn, yit is a consola-
tion
individual
to me to be able to record that our political
strife never interrupted our social intercourse ; the
causes which gave rise to our differences of opinion
on local measures have long since passed away,
and it affords me great pleasure to bear testimony to
your unwearied z"al in the discharge of the various
public duties you have been called on to perform. I
can confidently assert that her MAJESTY has few ser-
vants in her colonial possessions who possess your
ability, and none of greater powers of mind or more
conciliatory manners." This testimony to the manner
in which Mr. YouNG has performed his arduous duties
from 1834 to 1846 (which includes the period of the
abolition of slavery, the apprenticeship, and the en-
tire emancipation) is creditable alike to the colony
and to the secretary. It is much to be desired that
the authorities in all our colonies should take ex-
ample by Mr. YOUNG, and conduct themselves so as to
acquire, as he has done, the confidence of
those over whom they are placed in authority.
The address likewise alludes to certain important
requirements of the colony, but we must defer the
consideration of them to another opportunity.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TILE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DECEMBER 24.
Boulogne and Amiens, 151/2—Dutch Rhenish, 41/4—East
Indian, I—Great Western Bengal, 4—Luxembourg,
Northern of France Constituted, I(4—Orleans and Bor-
deaux, B%—Paris and Orleans, 49--` amb:e arid Meuse, 4%.

MONEY and COMMEttLIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
There are no arrivals to•day, except the Belgian mail,
and in this we find no commercial news. The working
classes are again described as suffering great privations
from scarcity of food, and the weather was very severe.

MARKET NEWS.-(THIS DAY.)
This being a holiday, no baqness was transacted al
Mark-lane.

SMITHFIELD.
This being Christmas-day, the supply of Boasts on
sale was very limited, and of middling quality. On the
whole the Beef trade was firm, and Monday's quotation-
were readily supported in every instance. The numbers
of Sheep were unusually small, while the Mutton trade
was steady, at full prices. There were only three
Calves on offer, and which were taken at late rates. In
Pigs scarcely a transaction took place. From abroad
we received 70 Oxen and Cows, the whole of which
found buyers. Mitch Cows were heavy, at from 161 to
181 each, including their small Calf.
Per albs. to sink the offal.

s. d. s. d
inferior Beasts . • • 3 4 3 G
3econd quality ditto. 3 8 3 10
['rime large Oxen.. 4 0 4 2
Mine Scots ... • • 4 2 4 4
Large coarse Calves 3 8 4 2
Prime small ditto .. 4 4 4 8
Stickling Calves —2O 0 29 0
Inferlor Sheep . 3 10 4 0

s. d. to s. d.
Second quality ditto 4 2 4 4
Coarse-woolled ditto 4 6 4 8
Southdown Walla- 410 3 2
Ditto out of the wool
Large Hogs •••• • • 3 8 4 4
Small Porkers ••.. 4 6 4 8
Quarter old Pigs •• 16 0 19 0
Lambs •• ••••• • • • 0 0 0 0

The Augsburgh Gazette of thb 18th instant an-
nounces that the three Powers propose to address a
new note, in justification of their proceedings, to the
Cabinets of Paris and London, in the course of the
present month, and to publish it, subsequently, in the
public journnls. The same paper adds that, on the
15th instant, the Russian and Prussian military posts
were removed from Cracow.

SUPPLY AT MARKET,
Beasts. I Sheep. Calves.
356 320 I 3
NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL.
A steady business was doing here, at full prices.
At per atone, by the Carcase.
s. d. to s. d. d. to s. d.
Beef, inferior...... 3 C 3 2 Mutton, inferior •• 3 6 3 8
- middling .. •• 3 2 3 4 middling.. 310 4 2
- prime largo .• 3 4 3 6 prime .. •• 4 4 4 8
- prime small .• 3 6 3 8 Pork, large.... ••• • 3 6 4 2
Veal. •• • • •••• • • 3 8 4 8(- small ..
Lamb, Os Od to Os Od.
BOROUGH HOP MARKET.
During the present week a moderate business has
been transacted in the finest colory parcels of Hops,
both in pockets and bags, at full prices. In all other
kinds so little is doing that prices are almost nominal.
Sussex pockets, 31 14s to 4l 8s ; Weald of Kent, ditto,
41 to 418 s ; Mid and East Kent, ditto, 41 6s to 6165.

I rigs
80

A letter from Copenhagen states that, in conse-
quence of the dearness of provisions, the King of
DENMARK has published an order of the day, giving
to each soldier an augmentation of pay of four skil-
Hogs (about 20 centimes) a.day, and an additional
loaf every three days. Each soldier married with
the authorisation of Government, and having three
children or more, is to receive a second additional loaf
every three days.

Madrid papers of the 15th, and letters of the 16th,
have arrived. The following is given as the state of
the election returns known on the 16th :
Ministerialists
Opposition ....
Only 46 returns remained to be known, the Con-
gress being composed of 335 delegates, according to
the new electoral law.
The Eco del Comercio announces the arrival of
General PRIM in Madrid.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,
RECEIVED THIS DAY.
NEWMARKET CRAVEN MEETING, 1847.
Entries for the Newmarket Handicap.
Tom Tulloch, 4 yrs—Devil-me-care, 3 yrs—f by Verulam,
out of l'ergama, 4 yrs—Brocardo, 4 yrs—Lady Wildair, 5
yrs—Free Lance, 4 yrs—Comme-it-faut, 3 yrs—Killie-
crankie, 4 yrs—Queen Mary (late Twysages), 3 yrs—Wood
Pigeon, 5 yrs—Cocoa Nut, 6 yrs—St. Demetrie, 4 yrs—l-Iy-
drangia, 4 yrs—Princess Royal, 5 yrs—Alarm, 5 yrs—Ge-
raldine, 4 yrs—Polka, 4 yrs—Mirimilla, 3 yrs—Discontent,
3 yrs—Humdrum, 4 yrs—Bit-nibble, 3 yrs—Sir Martin, 3
yrs—Philip, aged—Crozier, 3 yrs—Ennui, 4 yrs—c by Touch-
stone, out of Laura, 4 yrs—Remorse, 5 yrs—Fantastic, 4 yrs._
Campanile, 5 yrs—Queen Anne,4yrs—Scrrell,3 yrs—Palma,
3 yrs—Mount Callan, 4yrs—Collingwood,4yrs—Springhook,
3 yrs—Refraction, 5 yrs—Sting, 4 yrs—l'rojectile, 3 yrs—
Conan More, 3 yrs—Dulcet, 5 yrs—Satyr, 6 yrs—Lynceus,
4 yrs—Bravissimo, 4 yrs—Buttress, 4 yrs—Emmeline, 4 yrs
—Chamois, 4 yrs—Sagacity, by Theon, out of Wanton, 3 yrs
—Kesheng, 5 yrs—Duc-an-Durras, 5 yrs—Flahowlagh,
5 yrs—Wolf-dog, 5 yrs—Finvaragh, 4 yrs—Watch-dog,
3 yrs—Queen of Tyne, aged—Banana, 4 yrs—Comet, 4 yrs—
The Lamb, 4 yrs—Farthing Candle, 4 yrs—Hyderabad,
3 yrs—Arthur, 5 yrs—Vanish, 4 vrs—Sheraton, 4 yrs—
Mowerina, 4 yrs—Meanee, 3 yrs—Counsellor, aged—Vam-
pire, 3 yrs—Doleful, 5 yrs—Mendicant, 4 yrs—Pyrrhus the
First, 4 yrs—Best Bower, 6 yrs—Camera Obscura, 4 yrs—
Sweetmeat, 5 yrs—Footstool, 4 yrs—Scarlet Runner, 5 yrs—
Glossy, 4 yrs—c by Euclid, dam by Taurus, 3 yrs.

THE ARMY.—Lord George Paget, major in the
4th Light Dragoons will, it is expected, shortly succeed
to the Lieutenant-coloneley of the corps. Major-General
Lambert, whose appointment to the command in Ja-
maica was anticipated in this paper some weeks since,
will proceed early in the year to the place of his desti-
nation. The 74th Foot have moved from Glasgow to
Paisley. The barracks at Athlone, Ireland, are being
considerably enlarged, and there will shortly be accom•
modation in the town for a detachment of cavalry.
We learn from Rome, on the 14th instant, that the j
preparatory works for the railroad from Borne to the frontier of Naples and Civita•Vecchia had already com-
menced.— Galignani.
PRovisioNS FROM THE UNITED STATES.—The
RoEcius and Victoria, from New York, which arrived at
Liverpool on the 23d instant, brings 19,000 bushels of
wheat, 1,000 barrels of flour, 32,426 bushels of
corn, 10 barrels corn meal, 111 barrels and 34 packages
of peas, 603 boxes of cheese, 40 firkins butter, 896 kegs
lard, 32 casks bacon, and 1,980 hams,

The Espanol declares that ISTURITZ, SANZ,
and CANEJA, have tendered their resignation ;
and the Eco de Comercio says that so
lively is the quarrel between MoN and ISTU-
RITZ, that the former refused to dine at the same
table with the latter. According to the Clamor Pub-
lico Senor ISTURITZ is to be sent as ambassador to some
foreign Court. The Heraldo, in allusion to these
rumours, declares that many of them are premature,
but does not deny that a change is at hand.
MADRID BOLSA, DEc. 18.—The Three per Cents.

were done at 34 for cash ; the Four per Cents, at 21;
the Five per Cents. at 21i ; the Vales at ; the
Debt without Interest, at 6:1; and the Coupons, at 191.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
The Emperor of RUSSIA has at length found a
champion worthy of him in the Presse—the Minis•
terial Presse--which thus justifies the absorption of
Poland into the Russian empire :
" The men who gravely discuss at present the point
whether Russia is going or not to include the kingdom
of Poland in her domains, and who speak of a European
coalition to prevent this violation of the treaties of 1815,
might have spared their words and their threats, if they
had taken the trouble to read the first article of the new
organic statutes, given, on February 14, 1832, by the
Emperor Nicholas to the ancient kingdom of Poland.
They would have there read, " the kingdom of Poland
is for ever incorporated with the empire of Russia, and
forms an inseparable part of it. They would, at
the same time, have readily seen, besides, that
since that period the kingdom of Poland has no
longer any constitution, or Legislative Chambers, or
national army, or anything of what constitutes a State,
but simply a special administration, and a particular
governor. Is it this remnant, not of constitution and
nationality, but of administration, which Russia is repre-
sented as still wanting to reduce? It would not be
worth changing. And if' the ambiguous terms of art. 1
of the final act of the Congress of Vienna permit Russia,
to pretend to have the organic statute of 1832 re-
garded as the accomplishment of the obligations which
she has entered into towards Europe, she would in truth
be simple to deny herself such a pretext."
We must give to the Presse the praise of consis-
tency. If two months since it justified a violation of
the treaty of Utrecht, it now equally justifies a viola-
tion of the treaty of Vienna. But, after reading
this article in the organ of the Tuileries, who can
believe that the master of the Tuileries is in earnest
in protesting against, the incorporation of Cracow ?
The Constitutionnel has the following on the affairs
of Switzerland :
"'The day on which the triumph of the Liberal party
at Berne appeared certain, the Ministers of most of the
Powers allowed it to be understood that if Berne took a
step further in the path of innovation, that town should
cease to be the residence of the diplomatic corps. What
was last summer only a threat, has become a reality.
The inhabitants of Berne, not being willing to retain
their old constitution, in order to keep amongst them
the diplomatists, the greatest number of the latter, on
the order of their Governments, have just quitted Berne
and removed to Zurich. The simultaneousness of their
departure evidently shows an anterior agreement; and
what imparts to this proceeding all the character of a
demonstration is, that in a few days, en
January 1, 1847, Berne will become the Vo-
rort canton, and will be at the same time
the seat of the Directory and of the Diet. It is,
therefore, the moment when they ought more than ever to
remain, that the diplomatic corps have thought fit to de-
part. The French Government has not dared to join
openly in this act of ill-humour on the part of the Ab-
solutist Powers. It would take right good care, whilst
maintaining its minister at Berne, not to appear to as-
sume its part in the Liberal revolution of Berne; and,
whatever desire it might have, it dares not yet make
common cause with the re-action party. It has, how.
ever, found an expedient, which is, to have a non-resi-
dent minister. M. de Bois-le• Comte has gone to Zu-
rich to present his credentials to Dr. Zehuder, Presi-
dent of the Diet, but he has orders to immediately take
leave of absence and return to France, there to await
until M., Guizot has summoned up courage to make our
ambassador reside where he ought to be. What a policy
it must be which lives by such expedients, and trans-
forms into a grand affair the lodging of a diplomatist!
It leads alternately to the ridiculous and the absurd."
The same paper states that the Spanish Ambas-
sador in Paris, MARTENEZ DE LA ROSA, has refused
to give to Senor OLOZAGA, recently elected a Deputy
to the Cortes, a passport to enter Spain, without the
special permission of the Spanish Government.
We read in the Courrier Francais—
" The Council of Ministers has already occupied itself
with the question of the nomination of the successor of
Admiral Dupert6 ; but no decision has yet been come to,
and we are assured that the unreasonable pretensions of
M. de Mackzu are al subject of: great embarrassment for
the Government. Since the affair of the Alacrity, on
the reputation of which the Minister of Marine has been
liKing since 1811, he has rendered no service in war, and
is utterly out of the conditions demanded in candidates
for the grade of Admiral, who must have held the com-
mand in chief of a squadron, and have had an engage-
ment with the enemy. The question has just been
brought forward in a report of which nothing has been
suffered to transpire. The three Vice-Admirals wbo
are within the conditions required by law, are Vice-
Admiral Jacob, Vice-Admiral Baudin, and the Prince
de Joinville. It is proposed to get out of the difficulty
by appointing the Prince, but this also would be
scandalous."