The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-02 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

PROMOTIONS AND PURCHASES.-Thirty-six gentle-
men ;have been gazetted as cornets or ensigns in the
Army during the preceding month, twenty-four of whom
have purchased their commissions, varying in price
from 4501. to 1,2001. and amounting in the aggregate, to
the sum of 12,770/. _ _ _

The following non-commissioned officers have been
presented with commissions during the month, and have
also received the usual bounty of 1001. to assist them in
their outfit as commissioned officers.—Sergeant-Major
C. Carter, to be Second Lieutenant in the 2d Regi-
ment of Foot; Quartermaster and Sergeant P. Owen,
to be Quartermaster in the 36th Foot; and Sergeant-
Major J. Swaine, to be Quartermaster in the 56th Foot.
Forty-three ensigns have been promoted to the rank
of lieutenant, twelve without purchase, and thirty-one
by purchase. Amount which has thereby changed
hands 5,5501., the regulated difference of the commis-
sions varying from 2501. to 3501.
Thirty-seven lieutenants have been promoted to the
rank of captain, twenty-six without purchase and eleven
by purchase. Amount which has thereby changed hands
15,6201, the regulated difference- fur the commissions
varying from 1,100/. to 2,7501.
Two hundred and two captains have been promoted to
the rank of major, one hundred and eighty-eight by
brevet, eleven without purchase, and three by purchase.
Amount which has thereby changed hands 4,150/.,
the regulated difference for the commissions varying
from 1,3501. to 1,400/.
Seventy-seven majors have been promoted to the rank
of lieutenant-colonels, fifty-five by brevet, twenty with-
out purchase, and two by purchase. Amount of pur-
chase-money: 2,900/., the regulated difference for the
commissions being 1,3001. and 1,600/.
One hundred and eleven lieutenant-colonels have been
promoted Co the rank of colonel by brevet.
One hundred and six colonels have been promoted to
the rank•of major-general by brevet.
Forty-five major-generals have been promoted to the
rank of lieutenant-general by ditto.
Thirteen lieutenant-generals have been promoted to
the rank of general by brevet.
Three generals have been promoted to the rank of
field-marshal by brevet.
Three assistant-surgeons have been promoted to the
rank of surgeon, and five medical gentlemen have been
gazetted as assistant-surgeons during the month.
In the Royal Marines, six colonels have been promoted
have been made colonels. Two majors have been
to the:pr:osLir,eyaa;oomna;nflskods7ta;rhhoo9"o9hnfeatd;major-general. Three lieutenant-colonels
made lieutenant-colonels, and eighteen captains hays
been made majors.
CHATHAM, Nov. 30.—The 5,6 th Regiment, lately ar-
rived from Manchester, and at present quartered in
Chatham barracks, is under orders for embarkation at
Gravesend, en board the ship Herefordshire, on the 10th
of next month, for Gibraltar.
THE ARMY IN IRELAND.—The troops in Ireland for
the month of December consist of the 2d Dragoon
Guards, Newbridge; the 6th ditto, Dublin; the Ist Dra-
go-ms, Cork; 2d ditto, ClOnmel; 4th Light Dragoons,
Dublin; 6th ditto, Longford; 7th Hussars, Athlone; Bth
3FT9NtTB3:ehI
dtirmhot;
ditto, eahir; 13th Light Dragoons, Newbridge; 17th
Lancers, Dundalk; 3d Foot, Dublin; sth, Buttevant;
26th, Dublin; 41st, Mullingar; 44th, Belfast; 47th,
Cork; 49th, Galway; 55th, Limerick; 59th, Limerick;
64th, Kilkenny; 67th, Cork; 68th, Dublin; 70th, Tem-
plemore; 75th, Athlone; 83d, Dublin; 85th, Birr; 92d,
Enniskillen. The depot companies of the following re-
giments on colonial service:-Ist Foot, Newbridge; 7th,
sh,
Londonderry;
Ret..eWaterford;h7srob:racyyedTp ae:p;rnsl
eat4NiacrAlesesbetetrhnai
lay 48th,
making
g;
121Ddeby9ryt
employed
mi7ld,
ii3c,pnndole;
oF,companies Boyle;
ysnsep:er4adamlta nabbi
iorii33d,,o,neayusif;tncuo
Kinsale;er2:Bltsusht:
h:Mullingar;heireonl;ongßß6:mob67iytaertt
hrnat
e::.
Marines,
latter
public works for the relief of the poor.

REPRESENTATION OF KNARESBOROUGH.—A meet-
ing of the liberal electors of this borough was held in
the Court House, on the evening of Thursday week, at
six o'clock. Mr. Thomas Addyman in the chair. The
following resolution was agreed to :—" That, while this
meeting has heard with deep regret that Henry Rich,
F,sq., has decided to relinquish the prospect of again re-
presenting this borough in Parliament, it begs to tender
to him its best thanks for his services, not only as a late
faithful, but also for his unwearied and useful exertions
to serve the public and private interests of all connected
with he town, without respect of creed or party." The
meeting then entered into the consideration of adopting
measures to secure the return of two liberal members, as
the state of the registration appeared to leave no doubt
that such a consummation might be effected. Letters
were then read from several gentlemen who had offered
to become candidates, but it was deemed advisable to de.•
fer coming to any decisive line of action at present, es-
pecially as the time for calling a new Parliament was un-
certain ; but it was considered necessary to be provided
with two candidates to be ready to take the field, which
should be decided at a future meeting.— YOI kshirentan.
There are few persons, except those who give mi-
nute tontinn to the ‹niNeet, but will learn with sur-
, , , :':;: • "

Gazette, at the present tine, is only 2s. par quarter
higher than at the same period last year.—Mark-lane
Express.

PORT NATAL.
We have been favourer the sight of a letter
from a settler at Port Natal:,-. who has started as a
cotton planter, the first in 'the country, and who
declares that cotton is the only thing the coun-
try is good for. " Should thb resources of Natal,"
says the writer of this -: otter, "be properly
developed, it must become of , vast importance to
England, as we have thousamts .of acres of unculti•
rated ground which is actually tkeless except for cotton,
which article grows with a facility not equalled in any
part of the world, if I may credit the evidence of re.
spectable American missionaries, several of whom are
in this country, and one of them was bred a cotton
planter, wLo states that the cotton produces 75 per cent.
per acre more here than in America, and as we have the
cheapest labour, in the world here we shall be able to
send home-ebfrOn at as low a price as the Yankees, which
is saying.a great deal."
The writer mentions his intention of shipping some
Natal cotton to London and to Liverpool, as an experi
inent. We shall be anxious to learn the opinions of the
merchants and manufacturers of the north, as to the
quality of the Natal cotton. The supply of American
cotton is diminishing every year ; the cotton of India,
is of very inferior quality to that of America. From
Egypt, we can never expect more than a limited, supply..
It is of the greatest importance, therefore, to our very
existence, as a nation, that some new district, capable of
growing cotton sufficient to supply our demands at a
reasonable price should be brought into cultivation, and
if Port Natal should turn out to be so admirably adapted
for cotton growing as the writer of this letter describes
it, the timers not far distant when it will become one of
the most valuable colonies ofthe British empire.
_

EFFECT of REDUCING RAILWAY

PARES.

In the course of evidence given by Mr. R. Creed
before the Commons' Select Committee on Railway Acts
Enactments (the minutes of which have just been issued
pursuant to an order of that House, dated August 25),
the following details are given with respect to the
operation of reduced fares, as regards the increase of
revenue, Sm.:—
The Committee understand that the London and Bir-
mingham Railway Company have at different times made
reductions in the fares and charges ; can you state the
particulars of them ?—ln September, 1844, the fares
through, between London and Birmingham, were
325. 6d. for the mail train, 30s. for the ordinary
first class, for the second class 255. and 205., and for
the third class 14s. In October, 1844, they were 30s.
and 275. for the first class, for the second class
18s., and for the third class, 9s. sd. In April, 1845,
they were for the first class 305., 275., and 235., for the
second class 18s. and 165., and for the third class 9s. sd.

In May, 1845, we reduced to 275. for the express, and
235. and 20s. for the first class, the second class to 17s.
and 145., and the third class the same. In January this
year the first class were reduced to 255. for the express
train, and 20s. for the ordinary first class, 14s. the second
class, and the third class a penny a mile, 9s. sd.
In addition to the above reductions, on the Ist of
January, 1845, day tickets were issued at one-third less
than the regular fares ; so that while, in 1844, a pas-
senger from London to Birmingham and back paid 655.
or 60s. for the first class, and 50s. or 40s. for the second
class, he now pays only 265. 6d. for the first class, and
18s. 6d. for the second class. _

What is the_ extent of the difference between the
prices charged originally and the present prices?—Ex-.
actly one-third reduction.
Have those reductions been attended, in any instance,
with a loss of revenue?—The reductions on the first
class, in the half-year ending 30th June, 1844, were 11
per cent., and it caused an increase in the number of
passengers of 191 per cent. In the second class it was
26 3-sths per cent. reduction in the fares, and there was
an increase in the number of passengers of 61 1-sth per
cent. In the third class the reduction in the fares was
33k per cent., and the increase in the number of passen-
gers 2.59 per cent. That is the effect of the reductions
in the half-year ending the 30th June, 1844, and the
30th of June, 1845.
Those reductions have been therefore beneficial to the
company, so far as they have been carried hitherto, in
every case ?—ln the case of passengers they have. a
Has this increased traffic, which the lower prices have
occasioned, been attended with any considerable addi-
tion to the expense?—We have certainly found our ex-
penses increase with the number of passengers and
goods we have carried, but it has been principally with
the goods.
It appears that the last year, which was the year of
the lowest fares, the receipts have been the largest, by
nearly 100,000/., of any year since the opening of the
line?—Yes ; but I should observe, that the return from
the Northampton and Peterborough line ; so that, in
order to make a fair comparison, 22,0004 must be de-
ducted for the Northampton and Peterborough. The
increase of passengers does not continue at the same
rate at which it went on before?—(Mr. Glyn.) We have
made further reductions since, but the increase of traffic
does not keep up in proportion to the reductions.
Would it not be a successful experiment, as far as the
public are concerned, if you did not lose by it ?—I think
you must give credit in 1845 for the extra travelling at
that period, before you put it all down to the reduction
of fares ; it is not keeping up in the same proportion
now. There is no increase whatever now upon our pre-
sent workings, as compared with the last year.
But you sustain the traffic of last year ?—Yes ; but
we have made an additional reduction since that period.
Do you mean to say that there has been a loss?—No,
Ido not mean to say that ; but that the increase does
not go on at all in the same proportion.
Have there been lines open coming in competition with
you this year, which did not exist before ?—None yet.
The following testimony was also given on the same
subject by W. Reed, Esq., a director of two French
Do not you think that, in 'proportion to the value of
Railways, &c.:—
money in the two countries, the fares in England are as
low as those in France?—No, I do not.
Take Southampton and Havre?—ln ' So mpton
there would be more travelling out of the usand,
certainly.

Would there not be "an equal number travelling in
London as would travel of the Paris population?—At
least that, and more.

Do you think that that is so at the existing rate of
fares ? I think very likely it is at the existing rate of
fares ; but if the fares were reduced, the number would
be greatly augmented.
If the fares were equal in both countries, you have no
doubt that in England there would be more travelling ?
—No doubt.
What is the difference of fares between the Eastern
Counties and the Paris and Rouen line ?—I do not know
what the fare is on the Eastern Counties.
You do not know that the fares on those two lines are
equally low?—No; in the former part of my examina-
tion I have stated what the fares are in France.
Have you in France any yearly tickets or day tickets?
—No.
Do not you know that they are very common in
England ?—Yes; and we mean to introduce them into
France.

Have you a practice of charging on short distances, on
the Rouen and Paris line, lower fares ?—Yes. The first
station out of Paris is Maisons: I stated to the commit-

tee the other day that we could charge a franc and 75
centimes by the second class, which are inclosed car-
riages, and lined and glazed • we charge a franc and 25
centimes; reducing it into English miles, it is ten miles, ,
and in English money it is one shilling.
Do not you know that there are many English rail-
way ,
s which are running at a little over Id. a mile for '
the first-class ?—I do not know that. I give the compa-
rison between the French and English fares. I take
the general English fares, and I say that' if those fares
were rEduced they would carry more passengers ; but,
as I said in the early part of this day's examination, I
do not think it necessary that they should be reduced
quite so low as the French fares.
On what do you ground the opinion that low fares
bring an accession of traffic and of income; is it a specu-
lative opinion, or has it been tested by considerable ex-
perience in the management of railways?—l have taken
the fares on the Rouen Railway; there, though the
fares were already low, we have reduced them, and the
traffic, and income, and profit have increased. I believe
that we shall reduce them still lower, because we have
faith that we shall produce the same result in a still
greater degree. I also know that the fares have been
reduced on the South• Western Railway, and that there
the same result has arisen.
What was the reduction of fares on the South
Western ; what were their rates formerly, and what
are their rates now ?—The reduction was from 15 to 20

per cent,
they charged over 3d. a
What were their rates per mile, and what are alleir
rates now 7—They charged a guinea to Southampton,
and now they charge 175.;
and now they charge between 21d. and 2id. a mile.
Do you call that a very loiv fare7—l do not, arid
therefore I complain of it. It is exactly my position,
that the fares on English railways ought to be lower
than they are.
When the reduction took place, what was the increase
in money and in passengers?--To give these details I
have no doubt that you will have somebody from the
South-Western Railway Company here; I merely state
the general fact.

A DRUNKARD'S Doom.—We are under the painful
necessity of narrating the following partf.lulars of an
athwaftuloncasvve oe
assembled in one of those dens of infamy too "o (reel
fdndeesadthayca:,eseekd bay
ninutienmhepres
of work
men
were
amongst us, where they had been p2rtaking vey"
of ardent spirits. One old man in nar;icular, 9, a a.1ie....
by trade, from the delirious state into Oalch prevssou
gehwxei
rvceweetnscoshute
ilsr
add,
erhadd.arnikntThkhrooeffawnb nteohtt hhewiemra s,schtlaii
quantityklal
taken
nlnegnu,
ogap-eiwd,
drinkoahrn itdsh ctohof
an:LiittquaoLafdsa:teotp::;nisr7elelt
th ats
draught. The man went home, and got to bed about
fre.e.iy;
one o'clock, and by twelve was discovered to be a corpse. vb.
.--Paisley Advertiser. Ti.
T. +fro* flri in the site. of the General Station, ant:ounc,
Court-square, was cut on Monday last, and a large fo:co
th
of workmen will shortly be engaged upon the at act e. monthly presentnthlysl;voi„.
—Carlisle Annul. Galignani,

In the evening the anniversary dinner of the society
was held in the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, B.
Bond Cabliell, Esq., M.P., in the chair ; supported on
the right by his Excellency Colonel Yturregui, Peruvian
Minister, and W. P. Robertson, Peruvian Consul; on the
left by Major Lawrie, late of the 79th Highlanders ;
Rev. Dr. Cumming, of Scotch Church, Crown court;.
and IL Pownall, Esq. There were also present in the
Highland garb, D. M. Davidson, Esq., Grant, Esq.,
Mowatt, Esq. There were also present, the Rev.
Dr. Fletcher, Rev. Mr. Redpath, Captain Thomson,
John Murray, Esq., &c.
On the cloth being removed,
The CHAIRMAN proposed in succession, " Her Most
Gracious Majesty the Queen," The Prince of Wales,"
" The Queen Dowager," " Prince Albert," " The
Princess Royal and the rest of the Royal Family."
The CHAIRMAN then proposed "The health of Col.
Yturregui, the Peruvian Minister," and remarked, that
it was the great desire of this country to entertain feel.
ings of charity to all nations, particularly since we had
been launched upon the ocean of free trade ; and he
hoped that friendly intercourse would long be main-
tained between this country and the South American
states.—(Applause.)

Colonel YTURREGIII returned thanks, and said it was
the wish of Peru, as it was the wish of all the South
American states, to have free trade, anal particularly to
have free intercourse with England, which was the only
nation in`Eurepe that supported tbem in their struggles
with the mother country—(Hear, hear)— and, therefore,
it was no wonder that they entertained charitable fe:l-
- towards her. At the same time they would allow
him to express the desire he felt for the welfare of this
old charitable institution.—(Lout cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN then proposed the health of the
" Army and Navy," which was replied to by Major
LAWRIE.
The CHAIRMAN again rose and said, that the toast he
had now to propose was the toast of the evening—a toast
in which they all felt a warm interest—it was, " Pros-
perity to the Scottish Hospital." This was one of the
institutions of Scotland which indicated the national
character, and which made him conceive a high opinion
of that character. He certainly admired Scotland, not
so much for the splendour of its scenery, nor for its
ports, nor yet for its whisky; but he loved it for those
institutions in which it had set a noble example to Eng-
land and to other countries. Among those institutions
he might put prominently forward, those that were in-
tended for the promotion of education. At a time when
other countries were in ignorance, Scotland had shown
how much it valued and appreciated the importance of
education; and it was never forgotten in those institu-
tions that the most essential part of education was re-
ligion.—(Applause.) It appeared to him one of the most
preposterous doctrines of the present day to suppose it
possible that education might be inculcated separate
and apart from religion. In answer to this he would
only ask, if education was to be inculcated sepa-
rate from religion, then what were they to teach?—
(Great applause.) What was the end of all education, but
to inculcate upon the minds of the young the know
ledge, the love, and the fear of God ? For his part, he
had no hesitation in saying, that as education, combines
with religion, was one of the greatest blessings that man
could give to his fellow-creatures, so education. "separate
and apart from religion, was the greatest curse.—(Ap-
plause.) He therefore repeated that he loved Scotland,
not for the grandeur of its scenery, but because of those
institutions in which it had kept education inseparably
interwoven with religion ; and it was in that point of
view that he admired the grandeur of the Scottish cha-
racter. Among its charitable institutions, the one whose
anniversary they had met to commemorate held a high
place. It was instituted upwards of two centuries ago;
and, in the course of its existence, it had been conducted
according to three different systems :—At first it was
established as a kind of hospital, whence its name,
where the poor could be received and housed for a
limited time. But, as it was soon found that this was
inconvenient and inconsistent with the national
habits of the recipients of this bounty, who pre-
ferred obtaining relief at their own home, it was then
established in another character, where all who paid a
small sum of money might afterwards, if they fell into
distress, have a claim upon its funds. It was now
established as a purely charitable institution. If he
might venture to give his opinion, he would say that the
second was by far the wisest system. If they called
upon all Scotchmen to pay a small sum of money towards
'this institution, that they might afterwards have a claim
upon its funds, he must say that., that would add much
more to the independence and honour of the Scottish
• 41. = not patv preserve
their moral integrity and their iridependence of cha-
racter, but they would acquire the valuable habit •of
laying by in a day of prosperity for the period of ad-
versity.—(Loud applause.) He trusted these remarks
would not be lost sight of, but that the sentiments he
had feebly attempted to express would yet be found to
prevail through the length and breadth of the land.
With regard to the present constitution of the society,
though he had thus expressed his preference for the
former system, yet he was bound to admit that it had
accomplished much good; and when he mentioned that,
from the number of cases relieved this year, the expen-
diture had exceeded the receipts, he was sure no more
need be said to induce the members and friends of the
society to redouble their exertions for the ensuing year.
—(Hear, hear.) He then proposed, " Prosperity to
the Scottish Hospital," which was drunk with great ap-
plause.
Major ADAIR then read the subscription list, from
which it appeared that Sir George Carroll, the Lord
Mayor, had subscribed 10 guineas, and the chairman,
who had already subscribed 90 guineas, had this year
subscribed 10 guineas additional.
Several other appropriate toasts were proposed, among
which were, " The Duke of Richmond, President of the
Society," " The Duchess of Sutherland and the Ladies,"
" The Duke of Buccleuch and the Edinburgh Branch
Society," " The Earl of Dalhousie, the new Vice-
President," " The Chairman," " The Chisholm, the new
Treasurer," &c.
Tthe‘ll‘
f' Angus ac ay,
on the occasion. The
eveningeHighl
and wasfln enlivened nseodmwe iythousnegveral gentlemans ng de
the
Highland garb, danced to the music o s
her Majesty's piper, who attended
gallery of the room was graced by the presence of several
ladies, who appeared to take a lively interest in the pro-
ceedings of the evening.

M. Jourdan, chief editor of the Moniteur under
the Directory, and latterly principal Cashier of the
Treasury, died at Paris, on Thursday, in the seventy-
fifth year of his age.
DEATH OF THE MARCHIONESS (DOWAGER) OF
WESTMINSTER.—It is with feelings of deep regret that
we announce the demise of the Marchioness (Dowager)
of Westminster. The melancholy event took place at
half-past two o'clock on Sunday morning, at her Lady-
ship's mansion in Grosvenor-square, in the presence of
the Marquis of Westminster, "Lord Robert Grosvenor,
and other members of her Lady ship's family. For some
time past her Ladyship has been suffering from an in-
ternal complaint, but it was only at the early part of last
week that any alarming symptoms manifested them-
selves. On Saturday morning her Ladyship rallied, but
towards evening became gradually worse, and at the
hour above mentioned she ceased to exist, her last mo-
ments being perfectly tranquil. The deceased. who was
born in July, 1770, was the only surviving daughter and
heiress of Thomas First Earl of Wilton. Her Ladyship
was united, on the 28th of April, 1794, to Robert Vis-
count Belgrave, Earl Grosveeor, and by creation, in
1831, Marquis of Westminster. By that nobleman, who
it will be recollected died in the early part of last year,
the deceased Marchioness had issue four children, viz.,
Richard, second Marquis of Westminster; Thomas, Earl
of Wilton, who succeeded to that dignity by special re-
mainder on the death of his maternal grandfather; Lord
Robert Grosvenor, M.P.; and Lady Amelia Grosvenor,
who died in 1814, twelve years subsequent to her birth.
The late Marchioness, agreeably to the will of her noble
husband, was in the receipt of an annuity of 6,5001. per
annum, that sum being exclusive of her Lalyship's mar-
riage settlements.
WATERMEN'S STEAM PACKET COMPANY.—The
ordinary general meeting of the shareholders of this
company was held on Monday at the London Coffee
House, Ludgate-hill. R. Charles, jun., Esq., took the
chair, and called upen the secretary to read the report
for the past year. On the general outlay for the past
year it appeared that a saving of upwards of 700/. had
been effected, compared with the expenses of the former
year. The receipts were, however, less by 1901., in con-
sequence of the interference (as alleged) of Ow Cor
poration of the City of London with the company, and
which esteemed itself greatly injured in being compelled
to alter their hours, particularly at Blackfriars-bridge,
the consequence of such a change in " time" being
very largely to increase the traffic of the Woolwich
Company:. During the past year eleven boats had
been plying on the river ; one of those (No. 9) was
at present in the hands of the broker, to u disposed
of to the best advantage, if the new directors ap-
proved of such a course. The cash account presented on
the debit side the following items :—Balance of profit
and loss on the 30th of September, 1845, 1/. 4s. Sd. ;
0-eneral earnings, including season tickets, 27,9551. ls. ;
Dividend received on reserved fund, 571. es. ; total,
28,013/. 1 ls. Sd. On the credit side,-charges for repairs
of boats, 4,1121. 16s. id.; charges for working the boats,
20,828/. 17s. 11d. ; general charges, 2,3791. ss. 9d. ;
making a total of 27,320/. 19s. 9d.; thus exhibiting a
profit of 692/. 1 ls. 11d. The amount of the reserved
fund was 3,815/: t3s. The debts of the company to the
30th of last September amounted to 12,554/. 13s. 3d. ;
assets, 4,840/. 4s. Bd., leaving an actual balance against
the company of 7,714/. Bs. 7d., to clear off which it was
determined to empower the directors to have placed at
their disposal a sum not exceeding 8,000/., including the
3,815/. 13s. in the funds, to be sold out to pay off the
whole of the company's liabilities. Thanks having been
-ted to the chairman, the meeting separated.
e evening semi-official journal the .211essager
-s that it will cease to appear at the end of
month. It is said that this journal had a
,tion of 7,000 f. from the Government.—

consists of two sons, Archdale and John George, and
two daughters, Louisa and Elizabeth, from Ireland to
Liverpool, some time towards the close of last summer,
and took up his residence here at No. 84, Field-street,
Everton.
Shortly after, we understand about the beginning of
August, an acquaintance was formed between Miss
Bali (Louisa), who, it is said, has not yet attained her
nineteenth year, and the clerk to whom we have already
alluded, and who, besides being of fashionable exterior
and bland manners, is very respectably connected, and
perhaps, at a guess, about three-and-twenty. The ac--
quaintance ripened into esteem, friendship, and love.
Matters progressed, as matters of the kind sometimes
will progress, smoothly, for the space of three months
er thereabouts, we cannot be particular to a day; and
as the young parties lived contiguous to each other—she
in Field-street, and he in Rokeby-street, close by—they
had frequent opportunities of interchanging little
thoughts without always committing them to paper.
His attentions were such es led herself and her family to

suppose that he contemplated a speedy marriage ; and
about the expiration of the three mon:hs a queen_-.
not h fery pointless one, nor yet one very unintelligible
—seems to have been put to him upon this very delicate
subject. -The answer was by no means of an agreeable
nature to the family. The gentleman said something
about his mind not having been Bade up, and also about
his not having made any more advances to Miss Ball
than he had to her sister Elizabeth ; and, in fact, it be-
came pretty evident, before the interview terminated,
that there was a slight misunderstanding on Mr. Ball's
side touching the gentleman's matrimonial views.
Here was a discovery ! The family felt indignant,
and forthwith preparations were made for inflicting sum-
mary chastisement on the body corporate of the faith-
less swain." Mr. Archdale Balt, the brother of the young
lady, undertook the task ; and, after two or three un-
successful attempts to see the gentleman at Rokeby-
street, he at length made his way up to the drawing-
room, and vigorously laid about him with a walking-stick.
This formed the gravamen of the case heard on
Tuesday, for Archdale was summoned for the assault.
The case was to have come on last Friday, but owing to
a misnomer in the first summons issued, it was postponed
until Tuesday, when Mr. Ball, the father of the lady,
Archdale, the defendant, John George, their second son,
and their friends were all present.
Mr. Davenport, appeared for the complainant, and
after informing the Court that his client was a clerk in a
respectable house in Liverpool, and giving a general
account of the assault.

The complainant was sworn and deposed as follows:
I lodge in Rokeby-street, Everton, and on Monday, the
16th instant, I was at my lo3gings about one o'clock in
the day. I was up stairs in the drawing-room. Miss
Harriet, one of the young ladies of the house, told me
that Mr. Ball was below, and wished to see me. She
said she told him I was up stairs, and he said in reply
that he was obliged to see me. Shortly after he came
up to the drawing-room, and struck me with the stick he
has in his hand at present. I had given him no offence.
When he entered I asked him what he wanted, and he
immediately struck me, and that several times. The
door of the drawing-room then opened, and I met Miss
Harriet on the top of the stairs, and in her presence he
struck me several times with the stick, and also with his
fist. I had given no provocation whatever for the as-
sault.

Mr. Ruston.—What has the defendant to say ?
The defendant. admit the charge, Sir, but the cir-
cumstances of the greatest provocation caused me to
break the peace in this manner. He was paying my
sister attentions. He trifled with the feelings of that
sister, who is, I may say, a mere child, and I, as her
brother, took the law into my own hands, and chastised
him for the way he treated her. I appeal to you, Sir,
under the circumstances, whether the provocation has
not been great ? and if you want proof of how he acted,
there is a gentleman here (Mr. Owen) who can prove it.
Mr. Davenport.—We can prove the contrary. We can
call upon a gentleman that will prove the complainant
never thought of one more than another.
The defendant.—The ver) hidy in • whose house he
lodges was witness to his attentions to my sister, and
she even said that he deserved a flogging.
JAMS 1011.4141119 aa araa
by your sisters, Miss Ball and Miss Louit;a, was true, he
did deserve it, but I question it.
Mr. Rushton.—But are we here to try the question,
whether he treated the girl ill or not ?

Mr. Ball, sen.—Sir, I am the father of the yowlg girl,
and, Sir, it was impossible nut to feel, and to feel deeply,
for her. I appeal to every father of a family in the
Court, if he would not feel under similar eircum-tances.
Sir, the feelings of our family were indeed excited, par-
ticularly as we had no redress in any Court for the man-
ner in which the girl had been treated.
Mr. Rushton.—Yes, you have redress. If the young
man paid his addresses to her, and promised her mar-
riage in an honourable way, and then declined to fulfil
his promise, he is liable fur the consequences before
another tribunal.

Mr. Bill, sen.—But, Sir, we had no written document.
Here is a gentleman alongside me (Mr. Owen), end I
appeal to him, if the complainant was not received into
our family as the suitor of the young girl ? And let me
tell you, sir, that he (the complainant) introduced him-
self to our family on religious grounds. His first act was
to make me a present of a Bible ! We placed confidence
in him as a religious character and a well•conducted
young man ; and be came and spent evenings at our
house. In the end, he gained the affections of the younc,
girl ; and when I asked him what his intentions towards
her were, he turned round and said, that he had not
made up his mind, and that he did not think he had
committed himself in any possible way ! Then it was
that this young fellow, my son, Archdale, said he merited
punishment ; and for his having taken the law into his
own hands, we humbly submit to the mercy of the court.
Mr. Davenport—l am given to understand that he
never proposed for her, and that another young man, as
well as himself, used to go and spend the evenings at
Mr. Ball's house.
Mr. John G. Ball—Will you allow me to ask the com-
plainant one question, Sir?
Mr. Rushton—No, no. If the complainant has done
anything of this sort, he has inflicted a gross wrong, aad
that wrong has caused the brothers of the lady to be
impetuous.
Mr. Davenport—Was anything of this kind in exist-
ence between ycXl and the young lady?
Complainant—No. I can prove that I never went
with one of the young ladies more than with another.
Mr. Davenport—l believe you were only acquainted
with her three months.

Complainant—About three months.
Mr. Davenport—l have a lady here, Sir, who can
prove that Miss Ball knew the complainant was under
an engagement of two years' standing to another young
lady.—(Loud laughter.)
Mr. Ball, sen.—Will you allow ate just to put one

question ?
Mr. Rushton.—No. There has been a breach of the
peace ; and if there is any truth in the provocation, of
course you have a remedy in another court.
The defendant again appealed to Mr. Owen, and, by
permission of the Court,
Mr. Owen was briefly examined. He said—l lived
in Mr. Ball's house, and knew that the complainant was
paying attention to Miss Ball for a considerable time. I
understood that he was going to marry her, and that he

had promised marriage on several occasions, but not be-
fore any witnesses, lam not an inmate of the house at
present.
Rushton (to defendant).—You must be fined a
shilling without costs. But you ought not to do this.
You ought not to take the law into your own hands,
although gross provocation has been given, undoubtedly.
The shilling was immediately- paid, and the parties on
both ^ides left the court.

Oust FOOD PROSPECTS.—From every part of the
country the reports as to the state of trade are exceed.
ingly discouraging; and as the supply of food has very
much to do with the demand for manufactures, our food
prospects become the next most important considera-
tion. The information we have given in our columns
this week will afford our readers an opportunity of ar-
riving at a tolerably accurate conclusion upon this sub-
juct:, and that conclusion, we think, will be, that we need
be under no apprehension that we shall suffer from
any greater scarcity, or higher prices, than we have now
to contend against; for the authorities we have quoted
are confessedly the very best on this question; and that
they have taken the most discouraging view of our pros-
pects, the following analysis we have prepared of the
latest official returns of American food imports received
in London and Liverpool alone, seems to us proef con-
clusive:—Of Hour, 36,407 barrels; corn meal, 934 barrels;
Indian corn, 83,449 barrels; wheat, 7,466 bushels; peas,
746 barrels; oatmeal, 200 barrels; rice, 200 tierces; beef,
5,708 barrels; lard, 1,573 packages; pork, 1,349 bar-
rels ; bacon, 1,040 hogsheads ; hams, 1,094 ditto ;
butter, 966 kegs ; cheese, 6,875 packages; biscuits, 170
barrels ; onions, 292 barrels ; seeds, 50 tierces. The
precise time in which these imports have come to hand
we do not know ; but we believe it is of very recent date.
It must also be borne in mind that the American trade
is but a young one ; there had been no preparations in
anticipation of its opening ; and this fact of itself makes
these steadily increasing returns all the more encouraging,
both with respect to our present exigencies and our pros-
pects for the future. The vessels which bring these im-
ports will not return to the United States with empty
bottoms or in ballast ; as the trade of the Americans
with us increases, so will their demand for our goods
become greater and more steady ; and the prophecies of
the free traders will thus every year be proved more and
more correct—that from the repeal of the corn laws we
shall have to date the commencement of a new order of
things —the beginning of a career of peace and plenty
throughout the world. What, indeed, would have been
\
our condition had the corn-laws remained iu force ?
Leicesterahire Mercury.

REPRESENTATION Oxi
CHESTER.
Mr. Bright has issued the following address to the
electors of the borough 9f Manchester
" Gentlemen,—The sudden but not unexpected coali -
tion of a small section of the Liberal party with as
Tories has been followed by an attack upon sae in ti -
columns of the Guardian newspaper this morning, which
I feel bound to notice, not so much from any influence
it may have upon the approaching contest, as from 'a
feeling that the character not of myself only, but of Mr. -
Cobden also, is at stake. The charge may be briefly
stated to be, that Mr. Cobden, having no intention to
keep in Parliament beyond the last session, had con- -
curred in a scheme concocted in the rooms of the League,
that I should be brought forward as a candidate for
Manchester ; that circumstances arose which entirely
changed Mr. Cobden's position and views ; and that I,
from motives of personal ambition, stood in the way
of his accepting the offer of the representation
of the borough, and refcsed to release him from
an implied engagement to me. The true circum-
stances of the case are these : when it was first
rumoured that Mr. Mark Philips intended to retire,
Mr. Cobden suggested to me the probability of my being
asked to succeed him, declaring that, though his own •
name had been often mentioned, he would not, under any
conceivable circumstances, become a candidate himself.
In answer to my objection to his decision, he urged that
gratitude to the people of Stockport, his many pledges
to them, and considerations of his own greater freedom
and leisure to act upon great public questions, if not bur-
dened with the heavy private business inseparable from
the representation of Manchester, all determined him to
remain in his present position. I can honestly say that _
I have combatted these views on many occasions, bat
without success. During Mr. Cobden's temporary resi-
dence in Wales, just before he left England, I received
a very pressing invitation to stand for the Stirling -
burghs. Before giving a reply, I wrote to Mr. Cobden .
on the subject of Manchester, intimating my feeling
that circumstances had changed, and re-stating my opi-
nion that he was the most natural representative of the
borough, and urging him, if any change in his views had
taken place, to let me know it privately, as a friend,
and I would then accept the offer of some other con-
stituency willing to accept my services. To this Mr.
Cobden's reply was in exact conformity with his pre-
vious decl,lrations; and afterwards, when I saw him in -
London, his statement was most positivu and_ emphatic
to the same effect. I declare solemnly that. I have ho-
nestly and repeatedly pressed Mr. Cobden to accept the
seat offered to Lim, and that it is my firm conviction
that; were Mr. Cobden here, he would be the very
foremost to contradict, in the most rxplicit manner,
the unfounded charges which the Guardian of this
morning has put forth. I feel now, however, that the
contest. so far as I am concerned, is as nothing com-
pared to its importance to your great and honoured
constituency. You have always beaten the Tory party,
and, single-handed, they own they cannot fight. A
handful of those who once were in the Liberal ranks
have joined the enemy, and by a coalition, discreditable
to them, it is sought to pervert the honest political
course you have hitherto pursued. The issue is unim-
portant to me personally; public life can yield me no-
thing beyond the conkc:ousness of being useful. But to
you it is of much importance. You are not second to
any constituency in the empire, and your adherence to,
or rejection of, your long held principles, will deeply
affect the character and proceedings of the coming Par-.
liament.—l am, &c.,

" Manchester, Nov. 28."

" JOHN BRIGHT.

THE GREAT BRITAIN.

Whatever may be the ultimate fate of the Great Bri-
tain it is evident that the narrative of her last brief trip
and its disastrous termination, of her jeopardised posi-
tion amongst rocks and shoals, buffetted by the tempests,
and heaved, and strained, and shaken by the billows,
of the many abortive attempts and the numerous sug-
gestions and projects for her relief, will always be re-
garded as a relation of very considerable interest. The
history of the Great Britain is a singular one from begin-
ning to end. First, an error was committed similar to
that related by De Foe of Robinson Crusoe, who made a
boat so large that he was unable to launch it. The
Great Britain was built in a dock in which she was for
a time destined to remain like a reed in a bottle. At
length she was set at liberty, and during a brief season
was the wonder of the world, " the admired of all ad-
mirers "of naval architecture. In the very heyday of
her fame, just as she appeared on the point of trium-
phantly proving the superiority of the screw over the
paddle, the worst misfortune befel her, and she now lies
on a sandy and rocky beach, again murailled round with
stone, but no longer afloat, consequently no longer
under the command of the mariner. The annexed 're-
port, signed by Messrs. Bremner, was written and trans-
mitted previously to the storm of Friday week. How
far the effect of that gale, which, from the direction of
the wind, must have been severely felt in Dundrum Bay,
may have tended to modify the opinions therein given
we are not, at present, in a condition to judge. It is
rumoured that the action of the billows has so roughly
shaken the machinery and injured the hull as to have
induced the engineers to susp‘id their operations.

TO THE rOWERS, UNDERWRITERS, -AND ALL OTHERS

CONCERNED IN THE STEADS-SHIP GREAT BRITAIN.

" Gentlemen,—We beg leave to hand you the follow-
ing report of our survey of the present state and position
of the steam-ship Great Britain, as she now lies ashore
to FrOte'clinro engEir stlfp-Trofkrffirei
injury during the ensuing winter. That part of the bay
where the ship now lies has a bottom composed princi-
pally of soft sand, the average depth of which is about
four feet six inches. Under the sand is a rock of a
brittle nature and uneven surface, some part of the rock
rising up to tho surface of the land, and in some places
to the height of four or five feet above the land. These
projections or points vary from three feet to ten feet in
diameter. Without the ship are the rocks called the
Cow and Calf, bearing S.S.E. from the vessel. The
Pladda Rocks are visible at low spring ebbs, and bust
also S.S.E.

" The ship first struck the shore several lengths out-
side her present position, but she has beat in shore with
the late southerly gales and high ties. It is very for-
tunate that none of the projecting points of the rock
appear _to have been in the way, as we have used an iron
pricker, and find the rock over which she has passed
pretty level, with an average depth of sand of about
four feet over it.

" She now lies nearly N.W. and S.E., thereby expos-
ing the stern to the heaviest sea experienced in this bay.
The sea will strike the vessel at an angle of about sixty
degrees, and then run along the port side of the vessel.
She has at pr sent a heel or list to port of about two
feet. On sounding round her we find at high water
spring tides eleven feet water aft and ten feet forward.
" At low water spring tides the land dries about one
hundred and fifty feet outside of the ship, but from the
nature of sands exposed to a heavy surf, it is probable
these depths and distances will vary very much, even in
a short space of time. She is at present imbedded in
the sand four feet and a half aft and three forward.
" We find that a projecting point of the rock, about
three feet in diameter, has caught her under the star-
board bilge, and stove in two plates longitudinally; also,
three of the ribs inside are broken, and two others ma-
terially injured, being much twisted. There are, also,
five iron stanchions in the fore hold bent from one and
a half inch to half an inch from external pressure.
" The bulk-head, or compartment before the boilers,
is strained, and bent about three-quarters of an inch in
the lower hold, and a little less so in the middle and
upper ones. The rudder and sternpost are both carried
away by the upper part of the chamber of the propeller.
" The counter of the vessel appears to be shaken by
the sea striking on it.
" Further than the damage above stated we can per-
cnive no sympton of straining whatever, which con-
vinces us of the amazing strength of this vessel, and from
our long experience in affairs of this sort (having wit-
nessed some hundreds of vessels on the strand), we are
convinced that no vessel whatever, built of wood, but
would, under similar circumstances, have gone to pieces
long since.
" For the protection of the ship during the winter
months, we recommend a breakwater to be formed by
attaching a large balk of timber to the stern of the
vessel, across the whole breadth of it. Upon this would
rest other balks of timber, ten inches apart, with their
lower end in the sand, about two feet under the surface,
thus forming an angle of 45 degrees. The details as to
securing the breakwater will be better explained by a
sketch. We also recommend that the coals already on
board be removed to the after part of the ship, on the
lower deck ; also, that the bower chain cable be taken
out of the port hawse and secured to a rock which we
have pointed out, and a powerful purchase applied to
heave it taut, that, in ease of a heavy sea or high tide
moving the vessel, it would draw her an end, and so
prevent her striking or getting broadside towards the
sea.

" We have taken upon ourselves to give orders for
having the rock under the bilge blasted, so as to prevent
its:doing further injury, should there be any future move-
ment in the vessel.
" We remain, gentlemen, your most obedient servants,
" JAMES BREMNER, Civil Engineer.
" ALEXANDER BREMNER."
oshuirpddeueirdined
opi‘nlionneios,nnthexa
failure, and, pro-
bably,gthe winter season would be complete
process of taking eff; an(', as the
the materials used in pro
it‘ulanywaitthtemthpet to remove re
trhte
be the cause of the total loss. of the vessel and
ship's chain cables are all laid out and unavailable for
any present use, we recommend that at least eight tons
of chain, from 14 to lg inch diai!vq-er, for the purpose of
securing the breakwater, &c., be 1 re.:qred and torwurded
immediately to the ship. We haN, :?so no hesitation in
stating that, during the next summer, the ship may be
brought off the strand in safety.
"JAMES BREMNER, Civil Engineer.
" ALEXANDER BREMNER.
" On board the steam-ship Great Britain,
Dundrum Bay."
The following addition to the intelligence given in our
second page will furnish our readers with the most re-
cent information received from Dundrum Bay, with
regard to tliq fate of the Great Britain:—The late gales
destroyed the breakwater before it was entirely finished;
they also altered the position of the ship, and save given
her a cant with her decks exposed to the sea. It is in-
tended to careen her over so as to expose her port or
larboard side to the waves, and keep her in that position
till the flue weather sets in. During the late gales the
water rose higher on the coast of Ireland than it has
been known to do for a great many years, and, the wind
being southerly, it drove with great force into Dundrum
Bay.—Liverpool Albion.

FURTHER REDUCTION IN THE PRICE OF BREAD.--•
Yesterday, nearly all the bakers at the west end oP the
metropolis reduced the price of their bread from Sd. aid
70. to 7d. and 6?,(1. the 41b. loaf. Many of them in the
neighbourhood ()ISt. Gilea's are charging as low as 6d.
Country bread, which is not weighed to the customer, is
'sold at s:ltd. the loaf.