The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-30 00:00:00

rates ? The very possession of the allotment has

almost every instance prevented the necessity of any
application for parochial assistance, and has lessened
the burden wherever it was brought into judicious
operation. We hail the formation of the society
with joy, because we conceive that it will do away
with this unfounded prejudice—because it will set
an example that will in all probability be extensively
followed—because each individual member will to a
certain extent be pledged to do all within his power
in his own particular ;sphere for the amelioration of
the condition of those dependent on him. Well
might the Right Reverend Prelate exclaim that—
" The association which they were about to found
was but a practical means of carrying out a higher law ;
that they were in the path of duty when endeavouring
by all means in their power to lighten the burden of
poverty, to stimulate industry, to encourage honest ex-
ertion, to cheer depression, and, by raising the physical
state of the labouring classes, to give a better oppor-
tunity for the cultivation of their moral nature' and the
development of their spiritual being."

Eight days later intelligence from America ar-
rived yesterday morning at Liverpool by the Royal
Mail steam-ship Hibernia. From this intelligence,
which is of a somewhat startling character, we may
discern much that is immediately disastrous to
Mexico, while we are disposed, nevertheless, to trace
out in the very calamities which have just befallen
her military indications of her ultimate advancement
among the most flourishing republics in the new
world. It is to be hoped that such anticipations may
at least in some measure be realised, and that after her
many decades of tribulation, Mexico may assume to
herself that majesty and prosperity which she is so well
calculated to attain, both by her geographical position
and by the voluptuous prodigality of her climate.
By the former qualification, if it may be so charac-
terised, Mexico is more adapted to become a gigantic,
influential, and opulent nation, than any other terri-
tory in the western hemisphere. Situated in the
southern portion of the northern continent, and con-
nected by the Isthmus of Darien with the northern
portion of the southern continent, Mexico is the ne-
cessary receptacle of all the overland intercourse be-
tween the different inhabitants of America. By her
numerous ports situated upon her eastern and western
licoasts, she commands both of the great oceans, the
Pacific and the Atlantic, thereby facilitating her
mercantile intercourse with the shores of Europe
and Africa in one direction, with those of Asia in
another, with the spice-islands in the Indian Ocean,
and the numerous clusters situated in the southern
seas. Beyond this the soil of Mexico affords oppor-
tunity for the accumulation of extraordinary wealth
through the medium of cultivation. It does not, like
the stubborn glebe of a more northerly region, require
to be fattened by artificial manures, or to be stimu••
lated by incessant applications of lime; it requires
neither a complicated irrigation nor an elaborate
drainage, but emits a spontaneous vegetation, and that
vegetation of the most profitable description. In addi-
tion to the capabilities offered by this embryo state,
it may be observed that the national character is one
which, despite its superficial degeneracy, presents ex-
traordinary facilities for a speedy and permanent im-
provement. The torpor and effeminacy of the Mexicans
have been superinduced, not by centuries of domination
and conquest, but by a protracted state of national
quiescence : hence these are essentially remediable.
From their very indolence the Mexicans are pliant
in disposition ; they may be modelled to any state of
excellence by a suitable government, and by being
brought into such immediate intercourse with
more civilised and thriving races as to be
excited to exertion by a consequent emula-
tion. Mexico possesses all the materials for
a grand and enlightened people ; those materials only
require to be fused by a correspondence with other
kingdoms, and to be shaped by a judicious Legis-
lature.
While the well-wishers of Mexico are meditating
upon her possible re-organisation ; while they are
actually recognizing in the minimum of her present
enterprise the maximum of her future prosperity, the
wily and unswerving invaders from the United states
are vigorously availing themselves of their previous
successes for the realisation of yet more important
victories. Hardly have Texas, and California, and
New Mexico yielded to the annexing influence of
American generalship,:before the forces under General
TAYLOR push forward to the battlements of Monterey,
and after a gallant defence of five days by the garri-
son and auxiliary troops, commanded by General
AMFUDIA, render a formal capitulation on the part of
the latter absolutely necessary. Although Monterey
is taken, and AMPUDIA vanquished, it must not be
imagined that this originated in anything like national
poltroonery. On the contrary, we would especially
direct observation to the gallantry evinced by the
besieged army—a gallantry which is not merely suf-
ficient to redeem the Mexican soldiers from indis•
criminate derision, but which has even evoked the
tacit acknowledgment of the conquerors.
The particulars of this engagement at Monterey
are the most interesting that have hitherto reached us
from the seat of war since the commencement of hos-
tilities. On the 10th of September General TAYLOR,
with a force amounting to 6,000 men, encamps at
the Walnut Springs, a spot removed some three miles
from the city. Monterey is reconnoitered im-
mediately upon his arrival, and arrangements
made in accordance with the information thus
acquired. On the 20th instant a futile attempt
is made by a division under General WORTH
to capture the heights overlooking the epis-
copal palace ; on the following morning the same
endeavour is renewed with better success, while a di-
version is made in a different quarter by two other
divisions, supported by the Tennessee,.Mississippi, and
Ohio regiments. By the evening of the 22d
considerable advantages are gained by the assailants,
which advantages are materially increased during
the subsequent day; but not until a quarter past five
on the evening of the 24th—namely, five days
from the commencement of the operations—is
the capitulation extorted from the Mexican
General. It would be preposterous to deny
the vanquished army the credit of having
displayed considerable courage and fortitude during
this serious and protracted engagement. But, as a
lasting testimony of the valour of the Mexi-
cans upon this occasion, we subjoin an epitome of the
terms of capitulation given at length in another
column ; and we are induced to call especial attention
to these terms, because, from their remarkable and
almost unparalleled lenity, they are a triumphant re-
futation of the sarcasms and aspersions latterly
cast upon Mexico, The terms of the capitulation
were—

" That the Mexican officers should be allowed to
march out with their side arms; that the cavalry and
infantry be allowed to march out with their arms and
accoutrements ; that the artillery should be allowed to
march out with one battery of 6 pieces and 21 rounds of
ammunition ; that all the other munitions of war and
supplies should be turned over to a board of American
officers appointed to receive them ; that the Mexican
army should be allowed seven days to evacuate the city;
and that the American troops should not occupy it until
evacuated ; that the cathedral, fort, or citadel, should be
evacuated at ten A.M., next day, 25th; the Mexicans then
marching out, the American garrison marching in; that
the Mexicans should be allowed to salute their flag when
hauled down; that there should be an armistice of eight
weeks, during which time neither army should pass a
line running from the Ranconada through Linares and
San Fernando."

Whether the Government of the United States will
accede to these pacific stipulations or not, it is manla
fest that a vast proportion of Mexico has already been
wrested from her by the lawless aggression of an
avaricious neighbour.
Meanwhile SANTA ANNA maintains his preponderance
in the internal legislation of the beleaguered republic.
In his patriotism, the Mexicans have the true palladium
of their aggregate independence as a nation, and their
individual liberties as a people. If they consolidate
their strength and place their reliance upon their
present President, the fertile mountains of Mexico
will not be trodden by a conquering army, and her
people may yet emerge from this struggle with the
Americans unscathed, and even invigorated.

If the expenditure of money in Ireland for the
employment of the people be confined to the making
of new roads, or to the cutting down of old ones, the
Irish people will only be temporary gainers, inso-
much as only the money to be paid to the 1
labourers will be so much more money circulated in
the neighbourhood where public works are under-
taken; but, if the Government, by a judicious direc-
tion of the funds at their disposal, will drain some
portion of the bog lands now lying waste, a large .
breadth of land will be r9ndered suitable for corn

'cultivation, and a large addition will be made to the
means of permanent employment for the pecple.
One instance of this kind has been brought under

our notice.

An English Mining Company have been working
the mines of Killibricken, in the barony of
Islands, county of Clare, seven miles from
Ennis. These mines produce lead and silver ores,
and about three hundred of the neighbouring pea-
santry are employed in the works during the summer
months, and the monthly expenditure for labour is
about five hundred pounds ; but as the mines are
situated in the centre of a large bog district,
when the winter rains descend the bog is
overflowed by the streams, the water per-
colates through the peat, and the mines are filled
with water. When this happens the mines cannot
he worked, and the mining operations cease from the
month of December until May—the peasantry, who,
'luring the summer months, have acquired industrial
habits, are discharged, they fall back amongst the
agricultural labours, and, as at this season of the
year very little work can be given to them by the
neighbouring farmer, much want and misery is felt
by them. A sum of 3001. expended in draining the
bog, and one or two of the adjoining lakes, would
not only render nearly two hundred acres of land
available for cultivation, but would cause the Killi-

bricken mines to be worked during all seasons of the
year. Now, this is one of many cases in which an
advance by the Government of the funds necessary
for draining the bog lands would confer a permanent
benefit upon the district, for not only would three
hundred people be constantly employed, the country
permanently benefited by the increase of cultivated
surface, the habits of industry perpetuated amongst
the labourers, but, also (what is much wanted in:the
western parts of Ireland), a great increase to the
circulating capital in a comparatively poor locality.
We think this matter wants the attention of the Board
of Works.
Madrid papers of the 22d have arrived.

According to the Heraldo, the decree dissolving
the Cortes was to have been published on the 23d.
It is said that Don ErmiguE is about to return to
Spain, and that the office of Lord Nigh Admiral
will be conferred on him. It was reported in Madrid
that the Counts BOMFIN and. DAS ANTAS were
marching on Lisbon.
Rennin BOLSA, OcT. 22.—The Three per Cents. were
at 343/4 for cash, and the Four per Cents. at 211/2 ; the
Five per Cents. at 211/2 ; the Debt without Interest at 63/4 ;
the Vales, 8%; and the Coupons, 201/2.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
The Presse, the organ of the Tuileries, thus sums
up the affair of the Montpensier marriage, and gives
vent to its hatred of England, her institutions, and
her people :
" French diplomacy has accomplished a work of the
most lofty bearing. It has effected this in the interest
of the country, in the plenitude of its right, and with all
the courtesy which a great nation owes to its allies.
In the great interest of the country—and, we may add,
in that of Spain likewise, which escapes by that alliance,
or rather by the renewal of its best alliance, from that
political and commercial servitude with which England
menaced her—France no longer apprehending that the
rivalry which pursues her on the seas will place itself in
her presence at the foot of the Pyrenees and threaten to
bring down on her that spirit of revolution of which she
is the evil genius. France is sure hereafter to find in
Spain, where the worship of monarchy will long be
perpetuated, a friendly power and a faithful guardian
of her southern frontiers, and, if Spain succeed in
recovering her ancient prosperity, and in resuming her
rank in the world, an ally which may aid her some day
to maintain the balance of power on the seas, so much
compromised by the formidable force of England. France
must find henceforth in the union which has been ac-
complished an advantage which cannot but ameliorate
her position in the world. A struggle for influence has
taken place in Spain between France and England, and
France has been victorious. This result alone would be
of the highest importance but this importance is in-
creased still more by the dissatisfaction manifested by
England, and by the impotence of the efforts which she
multiplied in order to avert the check which she had not
foreseen. The result is accomplished; and whatever
may hereafter ensue, the crown of Strain shall not fall
on the head of a prince devoted to the policy of Eng-
land. But France, whilst securing this result, has not
violated any of the bases of public law in Europe. She
has not interfered with that principle of the balance of
power in Europe established 150 years since to secure
the eternal separation of France from Spain. Shoul I
events, impossible as far as human foresight can
imagine, produce that confusion which Europe wished to
prevent, the renewal of the renunciations which formerly
served as a means would soon place the matter beyond
the influence of any leers, still more now that Princes
enjoy but a restricted power, and that the sovereignty
belongs principally to the two nations who assuredly
would never consent to abdicate or confound their nation-
ality. Their separation is secured by force of events
more powerful than any renunciation or any treaty; and
Europe, which already found a sufficient guarantee in
the fair-dealing of our Government, finds a still stronger
security in the constitutional liberty of the two nations
whose union she might fear. Nothing, therefore, has
been done contrary to the law, or contrary to the inter-
est of Europe. Nothing, moreover, has been effected in
violation of diplomatic courtesy towards England. The
French Government would have sacrificed its personal
convenience rather than depart from the provisional en-
gagements contracted with her ; but England herself
departed from them, and so dissolved those en-
gagements. The introduction of a new candi-
date, a stranger to the royal house of the Spanish
Bourbons—the efforts made by British diplomacy
to effect the success of the candidate devoted to
her interests—an intrigue on the point of being accom-
plished, clearly in contempt of the promise given—this it
was which the French Government discovered at the
very moment when she trusted in the engagements con-
tracted with her. The effect of that discovery was to
permit her to oppose,
nfroeteahneirntfrriogmuehteor eaeng egemintrigue,ent' ba tnd a negotiation as ho-
nourable as it was skilful to a manoeuvre as unskilful as
it was perfidious. That was what caused her success
and established her right, and what renders as ridiculous
as odious those declamations which the British diploma-
tists have resorted to, and the manoeuvres which they
put in practice, in order to oppose difficulties to an ac-
complished fact. What remains of all that at present ?
Die alliance is concluded ; but England has protested
beforehand against the consequences of that alliance.
She has declared that she would never acknowledge (the
case arriving) the accession of the descendants of the
Duke de Montpensier to the throne of Spain. That is
to say, that she wished to leave a perpetual menace of
war suspended over Spain and an eventuality of universal
confusion over Europe. England loves to create situa-
tions which cause nations to feel uneasiness respecting
their future prospects, and which, by occupying them at
m e
se , preventofh
twhoermid. fromlt opposing
ore
pposiing her usurpation
of the habitual
odious policy she pursues in Eastern
throughoutbh
ao
s t
thee
India, and even in Europe ; and the admirers
of her policy cite with enthusiasm the art with which
she succeeded, in 1815, in confining the states of the
Continent within a net of internal embarrassments and
eventual conflicts which would Effectually prevent them
I from opposing her designs. But on this occasion this
menace, which might perpetuate agitation in Spain by
maintaining the hopes of all parties and of every pre-
tender of every colour to the Government of that coun-
try, is so vain that England might have spared herself
the odium resulting from such an act. To believe that
Spain will force the daughter of her Kings to abandon
the rights she possesses by her birth and by the consti-
tution of the country—to believe that Europe will expose
itself to the chances of a new war of succession to re-
venge the discomfiture of a meddling Minister, whose
name will sink into merited oblivion—would be an act
of insanity; and assuredly neither France nor Spain, nor
Europe, need trouble themselves with such pretensions.
But the most certain result, and in our eyes the best
consequence, of this struggle, is the enfeebling of that
exclusive alliance which for some years past has placed
France at the tail of England. It is the conclusion of
all the sacrifices which the illusion of that alliance cost
us. It is a term placed to the unpopularity which re-
sulted to the Government in consequence of the tenacity
with which it adhered to that alliance. England has
proved herself throughout this affair, and in the discus-
sions which ensued from it, so haughty, so insulting,
s o full of injurious and hostile intentions, that no person
in France at present—neither people, nor King, nor
Minister—can retain any illusion on the impossibility of
ever establishing a cordial and sincere alliance between
France and England. The veil which covered the eyes
of the most blind has now fallen; and on the other
hand, disembarrassed from the grasp of the cordial
understanding, France
comprehends that she ought to
return to her natural alliances with the states of the
Continent. And she comprehends it so much the better,
that in this affair of the
Spanish marriages, where the
interests of the nation and the interestof the dynasty
were equally engaged, she found in Europe that assent
which England disputed with her, and that sincere
benevolence of which England offered her the mere
illusion. Such, in our eyes, for the present, is the
not, a
most important result of this affair.
The
s
French
.believed, subservient to the will of England, and that
It could bravo her anger and her hatred in presence
of a great national interest. The French Government
Government demonstrated that it was was
has elevated the policy of France in the world, by
causing her influence to prevail over that of England.l
We willingly permit the Opposition journals to bewail
nthmeerhuspattuisrfeaoetfiotnh,ethcaotrdwiael umnadyerdsetafynding, so much theso
ever tore-establish an alliance whose rupture more as this rupture is hailed by public opinion with
himself
fall excite such sentiments amongst us. The Opposition,
to
moreover (and that is one of the results we
ought
mention in terminating this discussion), has manifestedfew
patriotic this straggle so little political instinct, and so
patriotic sentiments, that it will scarcely. ever recover
from the merited discredit with which it is at thisesmeno-t
in its
meat covered. In a word, a fact great
consequences has been accomplished—acc°lll.
'rhi
earnsdw hos whose
within the limit a of the law, and for the interes_,
country, and cith all international courtesy. 1411,1%4
vain mown to; Oa future 011 part (4 lig
• tpPoriti'shoeucii•