The Sun.
London, England, 1846-06-24 00:00:00

place at the time, crim the:manner, Cr the exteent, to which
tis Noble Friend had alluded in his speech. His Noble Friend
was extremely ingenicus in the statement which he had made.
to the Hbuse ; • and, by any one who did not look
at the facts before them, he was quite sure that
his Noble Friend's statement would have been accepted as
conclusive. He would not trouble the House with figures, but
if they looked at the immense improvement which had taken
place in the decennial period before the year 1823, they would
find that the average iniporiation anieunted to 1,520,000 ibs.
weight; and in the single year 1844 they imported 4,021,000
. _lbs. It sounded. verywell from his Noble Friend, whom he
.hoped to have seen there to.hear his'expression. -He would not
go to decennial .periods,' but to more conclusive arguments.
By the progress made by the•silk trade, both before the altera-
.teaakyreesnarlpslllBas273,luaB7;iol
tion was made in the law and afterwards, he thought that he
threerieiad the3
could induce them to admit that the free-trade measure had
not been of any benefit. He would take the amount of silk
Biti . the importedT
The
consumptiontahvee tenra
g average
"; anwr
which
hibeeehf
to compare
peLyr eehaiert
snoke with regard to the • raw material—way 1,388,0001 b%
The average in the years 1818, 1819, 1820, was 1,844,00011)s.,
and the average in 1821, 1822, 1823, was 2,325,0001b5. In
1824 was produced 3,884,0001b5. Now, before the principle of
free trade came' tato operation, the increase frcm the 3 ear 1815
to-1824 (a decennial period which his Noble Friend found it
CoveniCnt take) itas from 10„. . ~. to 3,684,000ib5. on
03'&.81b -,.
.the taW -material alone. The duty was 'educed in March, 1
1824, and in 1824 the importation amounted to 3,884,000 lbs;
The increase in the three triennial periods, from 1815 to 1823,
was:en inereate of One million on the raw material. Now let
them go to a period beyond that, and ascertain the imports- of
raw '_ In • tile.. year 1822, ~the „ raw material
amounted to 3,880,0001 b/, showing, as he had said,
an isle-ease of a million. His Noble Friend did not
like par eent3gty tinri the -absence 'of it would make
his case the stronger, for he could roundly state that there had
only been an increase of one million in six years. In the year
1824, there, was introduced into the country 3,800;000 lbs.,
and in the year 1844 were introduced 4,400,000 lbs.—( Hear,
near.) The increase went on at a much greater rate before
the introduction of Mr. Huskisson's measure then it did n

for while the increase before its introduction was 1,000,090 lbs.
in six years, the increase since it had passed was Only
800,000 lbs. in the last twenty years. The duty was
taken off the raw material in 1824, and the

duty was afterwards token off the finished material.
The Bengal and waste silks were mixed up in equal quantities,
and were made up in articles of the value of of 7s. 6d. per lb.
Bengal silk cost 20s. per lb., and Italian silk cost 475. per lb.
He mentioned that it was not a matter of indifference whether
the increase had been in the best sorts of silk or in the knubs
and husks. The export trade in silk was not an increasing
trade, for in the year-
-1826 the exports were £290,000
1831
1846
But it might be said, take the case of a single year. Ile
would do so. In the year-
-1840 the exhorts were £792,000
1839
1838
1836 ... 917,000
•
1835 973,000
Of the quantity of goods sent to France, a great quantity was
formed of these knubs and wastes. From the year 1844 to the
year 1815, 159,0001b5. had been exported ; of these, 93,000 re-
presented 215,0001b5. twist and yarn made up of knubs and
husks ; and the value of these articles was only 7s. per pound.
He was satisfied that the greater part of the exports to France
was made from this Bengal silk, mixed up with these knobs
and husks. He followed his Noble Friend through the exports
and imports of these articles. His Noble Friend bad
stated a reason for the stagnation of the silk trade
from a paper which he held in his hand (Dutant's Circular).
On the Ist of January, 1846, the stock on hand was 15,715
bales, while in most previous ys ars it had not amounted to more
than 12,000 to 13,000.—(Hear, hear.) His Noble Friend had
not upon that occasion ventured to put forward the question
of smuggling. He had not urged upon them the necessity of
preventing smuggling ; but upon a former occasion he did state
that it appeared from the return of the French Custom-houses

there wasa larger amount of goods shipped for Engllnd than
paid duty here. Now, he (Lord Stanley) did not deny there
was a great deal of smuggling carried on bete een this counts y
and France, but he believed that of all articles, there was less
smuggling by way of running goods in silk than any other
article.— ( Hear, hear.) And what smuggling did take place
in that article was carried on through the connivance cf their
own Custom-house officers. He l:eld in his hand a return of
the number of persons convicted for smuggling. The total num-
ber convicted was 755, and of that number 511 were for smug-
gling tobacco, 171 for smuggling spirits, 11 for smuggling tea,
and only ten persons for smuggling silk.—( Hear, hear.) Since
the last time they debated this subject, he had looked into Mr.
Deacon Hume's evidence of 1835, and he found that gentle-
man recommended 30 per cent. as the maximum duty for
protection to- the silk trade, and 25 per cent. as an increase
duty to guard against smuggling. Therefore, he said that, as
far as smuggling was concerned, there was no case made out
for the further reduction in the duty. It had been represented
to him that the proposed duty, instead of being as it was repre-
sented a duty of fifteen per cent., would be a duty
of seven per cent. on some goods, eight per cent. on
others, and nine per cent. on others. This arose from the
duty being levied according to the weight, and not upon the
value of the goofs. Now, he could see no reason for departing
from the old anti usual mode of classifying silks; and to show
what result the change had produced, he might mention, that
twenty-four pieces of figured silks had passed thfough the
custom-house that morning, which, under the old classification
would have produced 251. 10s. at a duty of ten per cent.,
while, under the present system of levying the duty according
to weight, they had only paid 12/. 10s. It was proposed to levy
the duty on ribbons in the same manner, but on a representation
of its injustice and impolicy being made to the Board of Trade
by the Hon. Mr. Ellice, and the ribbon manufactories of
Coventry, the old classification was adopted; and he could not
see wh} the same should not be done with regard to silk.—
(Hear, hear.) He was not competent to enter into these
details, or to explain the minutia) of the silk trade, but it
must be plain to their Lordships, and to every man of common
sense, that there would be a manifest injustice committed in
proportion to the applicaticn of these duties on articles vary
ing in amount from 501. to 1001. per cent., or charged with
mate duty ; and when, for the first time, this reduction took
place, notwithstanding the principles which their Lordships
had always hitherto recognised.—( hear, hear.) Well,
now, he had not the means, undoubtedly, of satisfy-
ing their Lordships that his Noble. Friend, who, no doubt,
tirposect that has address was a most triumphant one,
was mistaken in his statements as to the silk trade of this
this country, but his arguments with reference to the wages
and employment of people concerned in that trade were erro-
neous. This he (Lord Stanley) knew, that front 1826 to 1632,
there was, as appeared by the evidence of Mr. Groat, who
was examined before a Committee of the House of Commons
in 1832, a large and progressive ,decrease in the number of
spindles and people employed in the silk trade—there was
a large increase in the number of mills standing still. He ( Lord
Stanley) had not the documents to refer to, but the accounts
which he.had received from private individuals was very much
at variance with the statements made by his Noble Friend who
had lately addressed them. Now he would beg their-Lordships
to recollect that there was one articie in the silk trade in which
there had been an important falling off in the wages of the la-
bourers engaged in that trade, and that one article was the
article of figured velvets, upon which the highest protecting
duty to this day was I/. 7s. ad., he believed, but by this mea-
sure the Gevernment proposed to reduce the amount to 9s.
per lb.—( Hear, hear.) They were going to reduce that duty
which, according to Mr. Deacon Hume, was only 301. per cent.
in the year 1824. The effect of their present proposal would
be to reduce it two-thirds. Notwithstanding the statements
of his Noble Friend, as to the prosperous state of the silk trade,
he (Lord Stanley) had learned that net only in Spitalfields, but
in Macclesfield, and in other parts of the country, the silk trade
was in a declining state.—( Hear, hear.) He could only state
the evidence of private individuals on this subject, but
the Noble Lord had only offered them similar evi-
dence in support of this measure.—(Hear, hear.)
He should certainly be surprised to hear his Noble Friend say
that there had not been a decrease in the manufacture of plain
silks, and the wages of the people employed in the manufacture
of them. The wages he had lately heard, had decreased in
London from is. 4d. and Is. 2d., to Is. per day. He had
been assured by the most eminent si;k-merchants, that their
trade was gradually declining since the introduction
of what were called the principles of free-trade.
—(Hear, hear.) The Noble Lord concluded by saying
that this measure was, iu his opinion, not called for by policy
or wisdom, nor justified by the arguments which had been
adduced by his Noble Friend, and he would only add, as
a very inferior, bet not altogether unimportant consideration,
that the effect of this measure would be still. to reduce the
revenue derived from our imports, by reducing the duty one
half of what it was at the present moment, and by which we
realised about 332,0001—(Cheers.)
Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, and the House
divided, when there appeared—
For the amendment
Against it
Majority
The item was then ordered to stand part of the Bill.
The House then resumed, and the Bill was reported with.
out amendments.

50

It was then agreed, on the motion of the Duk, of WEL-
LINGTON, that the Bill should be read a third time on
Thursday next.
Their Lordships then adjourned, at a Quarter past Twelve.

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