The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-30 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1846.

THE PRIVY COUNCIL.

A special train, on the Great Western Railway,
was ordered at the Paddington station at half-
past one o'clock this afternoon, to convey the Minis-
ters to Slough, on their way to Windsor Castle, to
attend the Privy Council held by her MAJESTY, for
the further prorogation of Parliament.
Parliament is at present prorogued unto Wednes-
day, the 4th November.

Lord Joas RUSSELL, Sir GEORGE GREY, and
several other Ministers, left town by the special train.
The Lord Chancellor is staying at Winds or Castle,
on a visit to the QUEEN.

Who is there that has perused any of the remark-
able statements put forward by the llon. and Rev,
S. G. OSBORNE who has not been thoroughly awakened
to the lamentable condition of the agricultural
labourers in Dorsetshire, and made feelingly alive to
the imperative necessity of some immediate step being
taken for their benefit? Even those most opposed to
that amiable and enthusiastic philanthropist, and most
deeply hurt at the exposures he has made, must give
him credit for the purity of his motives, and deplore
the circumstances that induced him to stand forward
as the champion of the poor and needy, to abandon
the seclusion and privacy that was most congenial to
his habits, that would suit best his character and
sacred profession. The best evidence has been afforded
that the interference on his part was not unwarranted
or uncalled for, that the state of the working man was
not that which it ought to be, and that it was—in the
language of the first resolution adopted at the meet-
ing to which we are about to allude—" such as to
give occasion for the immediate efforts of an energetic
and well-directed benevolence to produce a per-
manent and effectual improvement in their condition."
On Monday a meeting was held at Dorchester for
the purpose of "establishing a Labourers' Friend
Society, with the view of bettering the condition
morally and physically of the rural labourers and
working mechanics and artizans, by carrying out the
field garden allotment system under judicious regu-
lations," over which the High Sheriff of the county
presided, and which was attended by the Lord Bishop
of the diocese (Salisbury) and several Members of
Parliament, clergymen, magistrates, and country
gentlemen of rat:li and influence.
A hope was held out, in which we cordially par-
ticipate, that the working of the society would not
be limited to the objects specified in the requisition
convening the assembly, but that the sphere of its
duties would be considerably extended and enlarged,
until it comprehended everything relating to the wel-
fare or comforts of the classes for whose peculiar
nefit it was called into existence. We cannot,
however, expect to see any society in its infancy
attain the strength to which it may afterwards, in due
season, aspire, and too wide a circle in the first
instance might impair its efficiency, and prevent it
from coming to full maturity. " The child is the
father of the future man ;" and it is, perhaps, well
that for the present its exertions should be directed ex-
clusively towards " the carrying out of the field allot-
ment system," while from its very style and title,
" The Labourers' Friend Society," we may draw the
happiest auguries for the future.
Wherever the allotment system has been introduced
and judiciously acted upon, its results have been most
favourable, both morally and physically, to the parties
who have been participators in its advantages. It has
afforded a healthful and innocent occupation for those
hours of idleness that might probably have been
wasted in the beer-shop, or expended with worthless
and profligate characters, to the deep and lasting
injury of the uneducated labourer. Some occupation
is ever necessary, and the nursery hymn that states
that—

" Satan finds some mischief still
For idle hands to do,"
has had its truth attested during all times and periods.
The possession of a certain plot of ground that he
can call his own, the idea of property thereby oc-
casioned, the certainty that he will be permitted to
enjoy it during good behaviour, "dum se bene gesserit,"
and that any aggravated offence or crime may incur a
forfeiture thereof, has been of the greatest service to
the poor man, and has ensured a degree of industry,
a correctness of conduct on his part, that few other
means have been sufficient to effect. A Select Com-
mittee of the House of Commons has reported in the
strongest manner in favour of its utility ; and with
such powerful evidence on its behalf it is only sur-
prising that it has not already been brought into
more extensive, we may say into universal, use.
The statement of the Hon. and Rev. W. SCOTT
cannot be passed in silence ; it speaks more eloquently
in favour of the system than the most brilliant orator;
it shows the rise and progress of the good work.
That Rev. Gentleman said that—
" When he entered on the living of Maiden Newton
he was ironically congratulated on having got the worst
parish in the country to deal with ; and he himself was
no less than six times in that very court as a prosecutor.
In thelastthree years, during which allotments had been
in operation in his parish, he did not think he had been
seen there. In the first year of the allotments two con-
victions took place, and there were consequently two
forfeitures ; but from that time not one out of eighty
holders had committed any offence to call him up before
a magistrate."

Can there be a stronger testimony to its benefits ?
It is not merely the addition to the bodily comforts,
the affording a means of profitable employment during

the dead season, when he would be unable to procure
it from the farmer—it is not merely that the oc-
cupation of his leisure hours, which, with perfect
faithfulness to his master, he could devote to the cul-
tivation of his allotment, would produce sufficient to
suppert the labourer, if he were quite without wages
for thirteen weeks in the year ; but there is some-
thing still more desirable and important,—it keeps
him from crime, it brings his mind into a better state,
it renders him more contented and happy, less exposed
to temptation and firmer in his resistance thereto ;
and many an humble but happy family may bless the
day when the husband and father became a tenant of
one of the land allotments. The benefit, too, is a
Cheap one, it can be conferred with little, if any, ex-
pense. The same rent that could be obtained from a
farmer would be most gratefully and punctually paid
by the labourer—what prejudice then has hitherto
prevented its adoption ? Is it the fear lest the in-
crease
of the population would also increase the poor-

rates ? The very possession of the allotment has in
almost every instance prevented the necessity of any
application for parochial assistance, and has lessened
the burden wherever it was brought into judicious
operation. We hail the formation of the society
with joy, because we conceive that it will do away
with this unfounded prejudice—because it will set
an example that will in all probability be extensively
followed—because each individual member will to a
certain extent be pledged to do all within his power
in his own particular ;sphere for the amelioration of
the condition of those dependent on him. Well
might the Right Reverend Prelate exclaim that—
" The association which they were about to found
was but a practical means of carrying out a higher law ;
that they were in the path of duty when endeavouring
by all means in their power to lighten the burden of
poverty, to stimulate industry, to encourage honest ex-
ertion, to cheer depression, and, by raising the physical
state of the labouring classes, to give a better oppor-
tunity for the cultivation of their moral nature' and the
development of their spiritual being."

Eight days later intelligence from America ar-
rived yesterday morning at Liverpool by the Royal
Mail steam-ship Hibernia. From this intelligence,
which is of a somewhat startling character, we may
discern much that is immediately disastrous to
Mexico, while we are disposed, nevertheless, to trace
out in the very calamities which have just befallen
her military indications of her ultimate advancement
among the most flourishing republics in the new
world. It is to be hoped that such anticipations may
at least in some measure be realised, and that after her
many decades of tribulation, Mexico may assume to
herself that majesty and prosperity which she is so well
calculated to attain, both by her geographical position
and by the voluptuous prodigality of her climate.
By the former qualification, if it may be so charac-
terised, Mexico is morn adapted to become a gigantic,
influential, and opulent nation, than any other terri-
tory in the western hemisphere. Situated in the
southern portion of the northern continent, and con-
nected by the Isthmus of Darien with the northern
portion of the southern continent, Mexico is the ne-
cessary receptacle of all the overland intercourse be-
tween the different inhabitants of America. By her
numerous ports situated upon her eastern and western
coasts, she commands both of the great oceans, the
Pacific and the Atlantic, thereby facilitating her
mercantile intercourse with the shores of Europe
and Africa in one direction, with those of Asia in
another, with the spice-islands in the Indian Ocean,
and the numerous clusters situated in the southern
seas. Beyond this the soil of Mexico affords oppor-
tunity for the accumulation of extraordinary wealth
through the medium of cultivation. It does not, like
the stubborn glebe of a more northerly region, require
to be fattened by artificial manures, or to be stimu-
lated by incessant applications of lime; it requires
neither a complicated irrigation nor an elaborate
drainage, but emits a spontaneous vegetation, and that
vegetation of the most profitable description. In addi-
tion to the capabilities offered by this embryo state,
it may be observed that the national character is one
which, despite its superficial degeneracy, presents ex-
traordinary facilities for a speedy and permanent im-
provement. The torpor and effeminacy of the Mexicans
have been superinduced, not by centuries of domination
and conquest, but by a protracted state of national
quiescence : hence these are essentially remediable.
From their very indolence the Mexicans are pliant
in disposition ; they may be modelled to any state of
excellence by a suitable government, and by being
brought into such immediate intercourse with
more civilised and thriving races as to be
excited to exertion by a consequent emula-
tion. Mexico possesses all the materials for
a grand and enlightened people ; those materials only
require to be fused by a correspondence with other
kingdoms, and to be shaped by a judicious Legis-
lature.

While the well-wishers of Mexico are meditating
upon her possible re-organisation; while they are
actually recognizing in the minimum of her present
enterprise the maximum of her future prosperity, the
wily and unswerving invaders from the United States
are vigorously availing themselves of their previous
successes for the realisation of yet more important
victories. Hardly have Texas, and California, and
New Mexico yielded to the annexing influence oC
American generalship,lbefore the forces under General
TAYLOR push forward to the battlements of Monterey,
and after a gallant defence of five days by the garri-
son and auxiliary troops, commanded by General
Ampunra, render a formal capitulation on the part of
the latter absolutely necessary. Although Monterey
is taken, and AMPUDIA vanquished, it must not be
imagined that this originated in anything like national
poltroonery. On the contrary, we would especially
direct observation to the gallantry evinced by the
besieged army—a gallantry which is not merely suf-
ficient to redeem the Mexican soldiers from indis-
criminate derision, but which has even evoked the
tacit acknowledgment of the conquerors.
The particulars of this engagement at Monterey
are the most interesting that have hitherto reached us
from the seat of war since the commencement of hos-
tilities. On the 19th of September General TAYLOR,
with a force amounting to 6,000 men, encamps at
the Walnut Springs, a spot removed some three miles
from the city. Monterey is reconnoitered im-
mediately upon his arrival, and arrangements
made in accordance with the information thus
acquired. On the 20th instant a futile attempt
is made by a division under General WORTH
to capture the heights overlooking the epis-
copal palace ; on the following morning the same
endeavour is renewed with better success, while a di-
version is made in a different quarter by two other
divisions, supported by the Tennessee,: Mississippi, and
Ohio regiments. By the evening of the 22d
considerable advantages are gained by the assailants,
which advantages are materially increased during
the subsequent day; but not until a quarter past five
on the evening of the 24th—namely, five days
from the commencement of the operations—is
the capitulation extorted from the Mexican
General. It would be preposterous to deny
the vanquished army the credit of having
displayed considerable courage and fortitude during
this serious and protracted engagement. But, as a
lasting testimony of the valour of the Mexi-
cans upon this occasion, we subjoin an epitome of the
terms of capitulation given at length in another
column ; and we are induced to call especial attention
to these terms, because, from their remarkable and
almost unparalleled lenity, they are a triumphant re-
futation of the sarcasms and aspersions latterly
cast upon Mexico. The terms of the capitulation
were—

" That the Mexican officers should be allowed to
march out with their side arms; that the cavalry and
, infantry be allowed to march out with their arms and
accoutrements ; that the artillery should be allowed to
march out with one battery of 6 pieces and 21 rounds of
ammunition ; that all the other munitions of war and
supplies should be turned over to a board of American
officers appointed to receive them ; that the Mexican
army should be allowed seven days to evacuate the city;
and that the American troops should not occupy it until
evacuated ; that the cathedral, fort, or citadel, should be
evacuated at ten A.M., next day, 25th; the Mexicans then
marching out, the American garrison marching in; that
the Mexicans should be allowed to salute their flag when
hauled down; that there should be an armistice of eight
weeks, during which time neither army should pass a
line running from the Ranconada through Linares and
San Fernando."
Whether the Government of the United States will
accede to these pacific stipulations or not, it is mani-
fest that a vast proportion of Mexico has already been
wrested from her by the lawless aggression of an
avaricious neighbour.
Meanwhile SANTA ANNA maintains his preponderance
in the internal legislation of the beleaguered republic.
In his patriotism, the Mexicans have the true palladium
of their aggregate independence as a nation, and their
individual liberties as a people. If they consolidate
their strength and place their reliance upon their
present President, the fertile mountains of Mexico
will not be trodden by a conquering army, and her
people may yet emerge from this struggle with the
Americans unscathed, and even invigorated.

If the expenditure of money in Ireland for the
employment of the people be confined to the making
of new roads, or'to the cutting down of old ones, the
Irish people will only be temporary gainers, inso-
much as only the money to be paid to the
labourers will be so much more money circulated in
the neighbourhood where public works are under-
taken; but, if the Government, by a judicious direc-
tion of the funds at their disposal, will drain some
portion of the bog lands now lying waste, a large
breadth of land will be rendered suitable for corn •

cultivation, and a large addition will be made to the
means of permanent employment for the people.
One instance of this kind has been brought under
our notice.

An English Mining Company have been working
the mines of Killibricken, in the barony of
Islands, county of Clare, seven miles from
Ennis. These mines produce lead and silver ores,
and about three hundred of the neighbouring pea-
santry are employed in the works during the summer
months, and the monthly expenditure for labour is
about five hundred pounds ; but as the mines are
situated in the centre of a large bog district,
when the winter rains descend the bog is
overflowed by the streams, the water per-
colates through the peat, and the mines are filled
with water. When this happens the mines cannot
be worked, and the mining operations cease from the
month of December until May—the peasantry, who,
during the summer months, have acquired industrial
habits, are discharged, they fall back amongst the
agricultural labours, and, as at this season of the
year very little work can be given to them by the
neighbouring farmer, much want and misery is felt
by them. A sum of 3001. expended in draining the
bog, and one or two of the adjoining lakes, would
not only render nearly two hundred acres of land
available for cultivation, but would cause the Killi-
bricken mines to be worked during all seasons of the
year. Now, this is one of many cases in which an
advance by the Government of the funds necessary
for draining the bog lands would confer a permanent
benefit upon the district, for not only would three
hundred people be constantly employed, the country
permanently benefited by the increase of cultivated
surface, the habits of industry perpetuated amongst
the labourers, but, also (what is much wanted in the
great increase to the
maparatively poor locality.
circulating
We think this matter wants the attention of the Board
of Works.
Madrid papers of the 22d have arrived.

According to the Herald°, the decree dissolving
the Cortes was to have been published on the 23d.
It is said that Don ENRIQUE is about to return to
Spain, and that the office of Lord High Admiral
will be conferred on him. It was reported in Madrid
that the Counts Bommst and DAS ANTAS were
marching on Lisbon.
MADRID BOLSA, Oct 22.—The Three per Cents. were
at 343/ for cash, and the Four per Cents. at 21%; the
Five per Cents. at 211/2 ; the Debt without Interest at 6%;
the Vales, 8%; and the Coupons, 201/2.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
The Presse, the organ of the Tuileries, thus sums
up the affair of the Montpensier marriage, and gives
vent to its hatred of England, her institutions, and
her people :
" French diplomacy has accomplished a work of the
most lofty bearing. It has effected this in the interest
of the country, in the plenitude of its right, and with all
the courtesy which a great nation owes .to its allies.
In the great interest of the country—and, we may add,
in that of Spain likewise, which escapes by that alliance,
or rather by the renewal of its best alliance, from that
political and commercial servitude with which England
menaced her—France no longer apprehending that the
rivalry which pursues her on the seas will place itself in
her presence at the foot of the Pyrenees and threaten to
bring down on her that spirit of revolution of which she
is the evil genius. France is sure hereafter to find in
Spain, where the worship of monarchy will long be
perpetuated, a friendly power and a faithful guardian
of her southern frontiers, and, if Spain succeed in
recovering her ancient prosperity, and in resuming her
rank in the world, an ally which may aid her some day
to maintain the balance of power on the seas, so much
compromised by the formidable force of England. France
must find henceforth in the union which has been ac-
complished an advantage which cannot but ameliorate
her position in the world. A struggle for influence has
taken place in Spain between France and England, and
France has been victorious. This result alone would be
f•f* the highest importance, but this importance is in-
creased still more by the dissatisfaction manifested by
England, and by the impotence of the efforts which she
multiplied in order to avert the check which she had not
foreseen. The result is accomplished; and whatever
may hereafter ensue, the crown of Strain shall not fall
on the head of a prince devoted to the policy of Eng-
land. But France, whilst securing this result, has not
violated any of the bases of public law in Europe. She
has not interfered with that principle of the balance of
power in Europe established 150 years since to secure
the eternal separation of France from Spain. Shoup]
events, impossible as far as hunsan foresight can
imagine, produce that confusion which Europe wished to
',rev( nt, the renewal of the renunciations which formerly
served as a means would soon place the matter beyond
the influence of any fears, still more now that Princes
enjoy but a restricted power, and that the sovereignty
belongs principally to the two nations who assuredly
would never consent to abdicate or confound their nation-
ality. Their separation is secured by force of events
more powerful than any renunciation or any treaty; and
Europe, which already found a sufficient guarantee in
the fair-dealing of our Government, finds a still stronger
security in the constitutional liberty of the two nstions
whose union she might fear. Nothing, therefore, has
been done contrary to the law, or contrary to the inter-
,st of Europe. Nothing, moreover, has been effected in
violation of diplomatic courtesy towards England. The
French Government would have sacrificed its personal
convenience rather than depart from the provisional en-
gagements contracted with her ; but England herself
departed from them, and so dissolved those en-
gagements. The introduction of a new candi-
date, a stranger to the royal house of the Spanish
Bourbons—the efforts made by British diplomacy
to effect the success of the candidate devoted to
her interests—an intrigue on the point of being accom-
plished, clearly in contempt of the promise given—this it
was which the French Government discovered at the
very moment when she trusted in the engagements con-
tracted with her. The effect of that discovery was to
free her from her engagement, and permit her to oppose,
not an intrigue to an intrigue, but a negotiation as ho-
nourable as it was skilful to a mancouvre as unskilful as
it was perfidious. That was what caused her success
and established her right, and what renders as ridiculous
as odious those declamations which the British diploma-
!ists have resorted to, and the manoeuvres which they
put in practice, in order to oppose difficulties to an ac-
complished fact. What remains of all that at present ?
£he alliance is concluded ; but England has protested
beforehand against the consequences of that alliance.
She has declared that she would never acknowledge (the
case arriving) the accession of the descendants if the
Duke de Montpensier to the throne of Spain. That is
to say, that she wished to leave a perpetual menace of
war suspended over Spain and an eventuality of universal
confusion over Europe. England loves to create situa-
tions which cause nations to feel uneasiness respecting
their future prospects, and which, by occupying them at
home, prevent them from opposing her usurpation
throughout the world. It is one of the habitual
bases of the odious policy she ; paurrsduesthein
aEdmasitreerrns
colvteenin E
with entuhruospiaesm the art with which
(I)tfi dhi ae,r
policyan d
she succeeded, in 1815, in confining the states of the
Continent within a net of internal embarrassments and
eventual conflicts which would Effectually prevent them
from opposing her designs. But on this occasion this
menace, which might perpetuate agitation in Spain by
maintaininsafgrohienretsch
of every
resulting
hopes of all parties and of every pre-
tenderl
octt
thatish,
n,s eego
Englandsuds
ear
possesses
tuo o
daughter
hyt
thseh
uere
emrohGfi
birthgov
a her
eet
rar
have
denengTtbs
yoo
sparedtfot
believethath eabandon
be
haoennrt
dsshtoeaini..tf
tst coun-
try,thipeea
ironiidsgwishuoitmlsly
rution of the country—to believe that Europe will expose
itself to the chances of a new war of succession to re-
venge the discomfiture of a meddling Minister, whose
name will sink into merited oblivion—would be an act
of insanity; and assuredly neither France nor Spain, nor
Europe, need trouble themselves with such pretensions.
But the most certain result, and in our eyes the best
consequence, of this struggle, is the enfeebling of that
exclusive alliance which for some years past has placed
France at the tail of England. It is the conclusion of
all the sacrifices which the illusion of that alliance cost
us. It is a term placed to the unpopularity which re-
sulted to the Government in consequence of the tenacity
with which it adhered to that alliance. England has
proved herself throughout this affair, and in the discus-
sions which ensued from it, so haughty, so insulting,
so full of injurious and hostile intentions, that no person
in France at present—neither
nor King, nor
Minister—can retain any illusion on the impossibility of
ever establishing a cordial and sincere alliance between
France and England. The veil which covered the eyes
of the most blind has now fallen; and on the other
hand, disembarrassed from the grasp of the cordial
understanding, France comprehends that. she ought to
return to her natural alliances with the states of the
Continent. And she comprehends it so much the better,
mlllousstionimpSourteahn,
that in this affair of the Spanish marriages, where the
interests of the nation and the interest of the dynasty
were equally engaged, she found in Europe that assent
which England disputed with her, and that sincere
benevolence of which England offered her the mere
Government demonstrated that it was not, as was
believed, subservient to the will of England, and that
affairth e p. resent,
The
French t h e
it could brave her anger and her hatred in presence
of a great national interest. The French Government
has elevated the policy of France in the world, by
causing her influence to prevail over that of England.
We willingly permit the Opposition journals to bewail
the rupture of the cordial understanding, so much the
snore as this rupture is hailed by public opinion with so
much satisfaction, that we may defy M. Thiers himself
ever to re-establish an alliance-whose rupture and whose
fall excite such sentiments amongst us. The Opposition,
moreover (and that is one of the results we ought to
mention in terminating this discussion), has manifested
in this struggle so little political instinct, and so few
patriotic sentiments, that it will scarcely ever recover
from the merited discredit with which it is at this mo-
ment covered. In a word, a fact great in its present
consequences has been accomplished—accomplished
within the limits of the law, and for the interest of our
country, and with all international courtesy. With a
vain menace for the future on the pars of England-..

a menace which, whilst injuring Spain in her dearest
interests, will infallibly render the position of England
in Spain more unfavourable—England separated from
France, and not having succeeded in dragging Europe
into a hostile demonstration against us. Such are the
pre: ant results of the affair. God only knows what
may Le the future consequences ; but if new complica-
tions are to be produced by it, law is on the side of Spain
and on ours. The opinion of nations, and no doubt that
of Governments, will be on the side of the law. The
disgrace, and we trust the defeat, will he on the side of
England. But, above all, may it please licd that theta
may arise from the new situation in which this incident
has placed our Government a new system of alliances
which may at length unite all the nations of continental
Europe in a common understanding against their com-
mon enemy, England ! We were asked some days
since what nations we would desire to see combined in
this new cordial understanding, and why we inclined for
an alliance between our country and Russia ? We wish
to sum up in a few words our entire opinio❑ on that
subject. We are convinced that sooner or later a contest
will tuke place between the Continent and that Power
which uses it for her own purpose under favour of its
divisions. This contest will be particularly a maritime
contest ; and now that the naval power of Spain is de-
stroyed, we see only Russia that can lend us that effica-
cious support in Europe which the United States are re-
serving for us in America. It is our opinion, in a word,
that for the repose of Europe it is necessary that the
colossal power of England be reduced, and that this
power shall not fall except under the triple alliance
which her three national enemies will one day form—
namely, France, Russia, and the United States."
The Commerce, which, equally with the Presse,

disapproves of the entente cordiale with England, is
equally opposed to an alliance with Russia, which
the Presse has for some days past been advocating.
"Do you know," asks the Comnzerce," what you
would sanction by an alliance with Russia ? Ask
that nation of fifty-four millions of men, held in the
bonds of servitude and ignorance by a Sovereign
who, to the all-absolute power of political chief,
unites the intolerance of the supreme head of reli-
gion; ask the victims of Minsk and Poland, which
has not yet, notwithstanding three partitions, and all
the efforts of usurpers to denationalise it, become assi-
milated to the people which seized on its finest pro-

vinces."

The Constitutionnel has a long article on the affairs
of Portugal. The writer, who is evidently well
acquainted with Portugal, thus describes the cha-
racter of the Count DAS ANTAS, the chief of the in-
surrection in the north :

" The Count das Antas, then Lieutenant-Colonel
Xavier, commanded at Terceira the sth battalion of
chasseurs, which was the first to rise in favour of Donna
Maria on the usurpation of Don Miguel, and which
preserved that island for the cause of the Queen in spite
ut its inhabitants. He distinguished himself during the
war of Don Pedro; was made a general, and commanded
the auxiliary Portuguese force, which, in virtue of the
treaty of the quadruple alliance, contended in Spain
against Don Carlos. He returned to Portugal at the
head of his troops at the moment of the war of the
Marshals, and it was evident that the contest would
be decided according to the part which he might
take. Restrained by the bonds of past subordi-
nation to the Duke de Terceira, excited by the
perspective of ambition, which was opened to him by
serving the opposite party, he would become its arbiter,
and the first military chief. This consideration decided
him, and the Constitution triumphed. At a later period
he took part in the compromise between the Chartists
and the moderate Constitutionalists. Commanding at
the present moment in the north, he has large means at
his disposal, and has begun to make use of them in
order to prevent his dismissal. He is a resolute man ;
with ambition, without having too much, his decision
consists in taking advantage of circumstances, and,
above all, in not allowing his own position to be lowered.
Ile is the friend of the soldier—the comrade of the chiefs
—more truly the officer in authority than the marshals
—and particularly so, from the fact of their not having
been for a long period in immediate contact with their
troops. It is impossible to know what is passing in the
mind of a man tormented by continual alternations' of
power and reverses, heated by conflict, and haVitig fre-
quently only a choice between supreme power and ails°,
lute distress ; but if the Count das Antas has approved
of the declaration of the Junta of Oporto, which pro-
claims the dethronement of the Queen, it can only have
been under the influence of momentary anger, or from
having been led on by associates who are evidently more
ardent than himself."

The writer then proceeds to speak of the conduct
of the Court, and concludes the article in these

NN ords—

" how shameful is the conduct of these Polignacs, au
petit pied; of these imitators of the Gonzales Bravos,
of all these abortions of champions of absolutism, who
thus pace in peril a throne and country! Let us
hope that their adversaries will have at once more
force and more sense than them. One of the best
things done by the Portuguese people was, when
after having conquered the attempt at counter-revolu-
tion of the King and Queen at Belem, their regarding
the madness of the act as expiated by its failure. Things
were replaced upon their former footing, as if the es-
capade had never taken place; but such follies are
dangerous; it is not prudunt to tempt fortune too much.
On the other hand, the Portuguese Liberals must know
by their own example and that of Spain the dangers of
excess. Monarchy, in a country where everything else
has gone to dust, is the only common link; republican
virtues are not to be created solely by the faults of a
court. The Queen, and even the King, have good qua-
iities in spite of their blindness. The overthrow of
Queen Christina did sot profit Spain, and whilst Queen
Utiri,tina was a foreigner, the Liberal* of Portugal have,
in the united names of Donna Maria and liberty, fought
for several years, and they have now the good fortune
of being able to respect their princes, whilst struggling
against the folly and madness of the Court. We wish
them to have the wisdom which has been wanting in
their adversaries."
It was generally considered in the political salons
of Paris that the Queen of PORTUGAL had acted

throughout by the advice of the King of the FRENCH,

and that the late counter-revolution was the result of
a French intrigue, the object of which was to give
France an opportunity of interfering by means of
her vassal Spain in the affairs of Portugal.
The inundations still continue, and cut off in a
great measure the communications between the
capital and the provinces.
At Marseilles no Paris mail had been received for
four days, in consequence of the inundation of the
Loire and the Nievre.

The inundation of the Rhone had subsided, and it
was found that the railway bridge at Tarrascon had
sustained no injury.
The Moniteur publishes the following telegraphic
dispatch, dated Brest, Oct. 25 :
" La Somme, Loire, Allier, Recherche, Pilote, Cara-
yanne, and Jouyencelle have just sailed from this port ;
the first three for Oceania, the two following for Senegal,
and the last two fur the West Indies."

The Duke and Duchess of AIONTPENSIER arrived at
Bayonne on the 26th. Before the Duke quitted
Madrid Queen ISABELLA presented him with the rich
and splendid insignia of the Order of the Golden
Fleece which was worn by her father on great occa-
sions, and also the sword which his late Majesty wore
with them, the hilt of which is entirely set with
diamonds, and the pommel of one large topaz.
The alarming aspect of affairs in Portugal, aggra-
vating the gloom and apprehension caused by the
Montpensier marriage, and adding to the unfavourable
state of our money market on Monday, produced a
considerable fall in prices on the Paris Bourse on
Wednesday.
The Three per Cents. closed at 82f. 70c. ; the Five per
Cents., 117 f. 90c.; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,248 f. 75c;
Rouen, 917 f. 50c. ; Havre, 702 E 50c. • Great Northern,
683 f. 75c. ; Avignon, 886 f. 25c. ; Vierzon, 582 E 50c. ;
Bordeaux, 542 f. 50c. ; Boulogne, 470 f. ; Troyes and Monte-
reau, 350 f. ; Basle, 223 E 75c. ; Fampoux, 400 f. ; Dieppe,
355 E ; Paris and Strasburg, 493 E 75c.; Tours and Nantes,
502 f. 60c. • Paris and Lyons, 516 f. 25c.; Lyons and Avignon,
; 495 f. Bordeaux and Cette, 480 E ; Spanish Domestic
Debt, 331.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, OCTOBER 29.
Barbadoes, 1/4—Boulogne and Amiens, 141,4—Calcutta and Dia-
mond Harbour, 1/4 p.—Dutch Rhenish, 51/4—East Indian, 3/, —Great
Indian Peninsula, 1/4 Luxembourg, I%—Namur and Liege, 31/4
Northern of France Constituted, 1114 Orleans and Bordeaux, 71/4
Over Yssel, —Paris and Lyons Constituted, ILA—Rouen and
Havre, 261/4—Sambre and Meuse, 474.