The Sun.
London, England, 1846-04-27 00:00:00

AMERICAIif NEWTS.

FCUR D SLATER.
LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY EVENING.
We have this afternorn received New York and other
United States papers of the 4th instant, per the packet-,hip
Roscius, Captain Eldridge, which arrived here shortly after
four o'clock. The news is not of an important character.
Up to the tme the Rosci s left, no tidrngs of a division in the
Senate on the Oregon resolutions had reached New York.
At the same time the subject was still debated. On the
:31st ult. General Casa had made a very intemperate and
warlike speech, hi which he castigated surue of the leading
Senators who disagreed with his opinions, and alluded to
Lord Brougham in no very complimentary terms. 'I he fol-
lowing is au epitome of what passed in the Senate on the i
31st ult.:—

not
here e the
Senate, and had moreover been very
The Presiderd WASHINGTON, MARCH 31.
's secretary appeared at the leo. of the Senate
With a messege, hiforming that bosfy that the President had
signed the Bill authorising the Secretary ef the Navy to pur-
chase water-rotted he'll.) for the use o the navy.
Mr. Cries took the floor in soppei t of the reselutien of no.
lice. Hie speech gave characrer to the proceedings of the
ricant satuidohr,;.guo-onu,ldasntoiltadit svecu:
ittlrei.,it,ieortit; if the Ame-
r x 'like, end vindicated by the present Secretary of State
and many others. it would not consume the thee of the
Senate in con-, eting the misrepresertatiaus of his own
rives, acts, and spkeehes. That Hasa sort of tribute which
ably end Safi factnrily
was required Of public men in eminent statien.
General Cass referred, in the course of his remarks, to the
si eeches of eeveral senators who had preceded him. Alluding
to the assertion of one that the debates in Congress were less
digiiified than those of to British Parliament, he said he
knew from personal observation ;hat this was an error.
General Cass then read an extract from the speech of Lord
Brougham, in 1843, in which he honours Mr. Cass with a
torrent of Brummagem scurrility,
for his agency in defeating
the quintuple alliance. And such indecorous trash, said Mt.
Cass, is a specimen of the superior dignity of the British Par-
liament. He next adverted to the different propositions fel-
compromising this dispute. He could not perci ive what
claim the favourite parallel of 49 degrees had over any of her.
His own opinion was, that our claim was good and
perfectlytenable up to 54 degrees 40 minutes, and such was the
opinion of the President- Ile then turned to the subject of
the necessary augmentation of the army and navy, as defen-
sive preparation against the hostile designs of Great Britain.
He teed a letter from General Scott, setting forth the neces-
sity of an increase in the army, and several celier communi-
cartons that have not before been made public. He said
lie had found no reason to change the opinion he had lung
beihre expressed that there was imminent hazard of war
between the two countries. He did not attempt to conceal
the immense injury that would result to our national
interests from such a war, but he showed that the injury to
British commerce, and all other interests, would be greater
in proportion, as they were more extensive than ours.
Mr. Cass reed Mr. Ca'houn then had a brief conversation
upon the probable effects of a war, which was carried on with
good feeling.
Sir. Ashley then tea the floor to follow Mr. Cass, but pre-
vious to commencing his speech, moved that the Senate go
into executive session, which was done.
On the day f Bowing (April 1), Colonel Benton replied
to General Cass, and showed that the treaty of Utrecht, of
1713, give authority for the extension of 49 west of the
Rocky Itlouutaies. On establishing this position, Mr. Hamm-
gan replied, and dealt some very unmerciful blows upon
the Colonel, from whom he said he had learned all he knew
as to the United States' title to the Oregon territory as far as
the 54th degree.
The Senate has been to-day a scene of the greatest interest.
Contrary to expectation Mr. Benton Came out. with a full
and explicit derittitien of his position upon the Oregon ques-
tion, and his manner of doing it. was characteristic.
The tiret buebiess of general interest was Mr. Breese's re-
solution, the apparent olject and real effect of which would
be the expuleien of the newspaper correspondents. But,
after a brief though uninteresting debate upon the f:roposi -
lion, it was le;d over until a more convenient season.
Mr. Sprig ht moved that the reeolurien of notice be at once
taken up, though the regular hour for that eller of business
had not yet. arrived. lie understood that Mr. Benton de-
sired to make an explanation in regard ton remark of General
Cass yesterday, about the trc..ty of Utrecht.
Mr. Benton rose—lle said that yesterday General Cries had
aviiwid that if it could be established, that Cie line of so
deg. was established between the possessions of France and
England west of the Rocky 3b,untains to the Ocean,
under the treaty of Utrecht, he would withdraw his opposi-
tion to that line. Now be was ready to prove that such a
line was run and established. Mr. Cass had said that air.
Maths/no had iestructed Mr. Monroe to inees,igate and aecer-
lain if that line was so rule and if so, co offer it to Great Bri-
tain. But, according le General Cass, Mr. Monroe never
had mole that examination, but had made the otter without
taking the trouble to aseertah, bow the matter stood. M.
Benton went into a labouted and searching examinutioe of
the doilomacv re Mr. Monroe's early time, and of the treaty
of Utrecht, and came to the conclusion that the hue had
been run, and General Cass must take his place among the
49 men
Haaregan defended General Cass with meat vigour
and brilliancy.
The Senate went into executive session, and soon after
adjourned.
lu the House of Representatives, the debate upon the Sub-.
Treesury Bill wa continued, and nothing else was done.
On the next day (April 2) the debate was resumed by Mr.
Ashley, who made a few very important remarks, when
General Cass got up and replied at some length to Colonel
Benton's remarks of the previous day, and refused to accede
to Sir. Benton's principles, inasmuch as he considered the
grounds upon which they were laid to be fallacious. An-
nexed is an outline of the proceedings of what occurred in the
Senate on the subject on the day in question, from which it
will be seen that Mr. Webetrie is *tin_ .-ararting-Lisalt.
favour of peace :
Mr. Ashley moved, in the Senate, that the special order
of the day, the Oregon question, be taken up, in order, as he
remarked, to give the &miter from Michigan, General Cass,
an opportunity to reply to the remarks of Mr. Benton, of
Yesterday. ('his was agreed to.
Gen. Cass commenced by saying that he was surprised at
the tone of Mr. B.'s animadversions upon his speech. It had
been his misfortune to be twice captured by the eliemy, once
he bed been redeemed by the people of the country he was
serving, and this time he hoped to be able to redeem himself
S e nGaet
no.r
Chaasi 1,4 et:
he seri rpdraoyc' e
ec (di nesdi
from that captivity among the forty-nines, into which the
Benton's strictures, and began by denting that he had com-
gtoneadnhswimer. in detail each of Mr.
mitred himself to the position which Mr. Benton had as-
cribed to him. The point of this controversy seems to be,
that one party asserts that the line of the forty-ninth paral-
lel of latitude, established by the treaty of Utrecht between
the possessions of France and England in America, applied to
the new Oiegon territory west of the Rocky Mountains, and
the other denies it.

General Cuss also denies that thi.t line was ever run at
and Mr. Benton is under-tood to asert both propo,itions.
General Cass spoke to-day some two hours, confining him
self closely to the question, and showing most satis-
factoiiiy, tint the line wets intmded to stop at the MODU-
tain,, and had never actually been run. He read statements
flout the latest and most authoritative French work on the
subj Pet, that of De Mofros, who ptsitively asserts that this
hue was not tun.

Mr. Benton rejoined." -Ire. said General Cass had now
taken a position which was like jumping fr,,ni the frying
pan to the tire. In denying that the line of the treaty of
Utrecht had extended bey, nd the Rocky Mountains, he I:ad
denied the existence of any title in the United States to
Oregon betbre the treaty a the Florid:is in 1817; for by tho
treaty of 1804, the line Of 49th degree was adopted as the
boundary between England and the United States, as far
as the respective territories of the two powers extended
in that direction, in the precise words and meaning of
the treaty of Utrecht. lie could nut escape this. He had
dehied that we had any title but that handed on that
61)4116h treaty. Mr. Cass might have answered to this by
-ayiog that our C-nunissiontra tray have assutucd thal
Great Britain had no territore west of the mountains, and
that therefore the respective territories alluded to stopped at
:heir eastern base.

But Mr. C. did not go into an argument in his reply, but
briefly adverted to one or two points made by Mr. B.
Mr. Web.ter argued f the authority of the line of
Utrecht ; and that if the termination t f the 49th parallei
was not clearly defined in the terms of the lUth ankle of
said treaty, it was to a great extent confirmed by subse-
quent acts, based tipoit aid treats--the lines upon cetta.ii
maps, for example ; and the line marked upon one of them
establislikd by toe treaty, or by the Commissioners alter
the peace of Utrecht, making a course from Davies inlet ou
the Atlantic sea, down to the 49th degree, &c.
The only thing worthy of notice that has occurred in the
TiottAe of Representatives is the passing of the S.ub-Treasury
13111, the first step towards the establisltnent of a na!iorril
bank, au institution which the United States stood in great
need of. The numbers 14 ere—ayts 124 ; noes, 67. A New
York paper of the 4th April has the following particulars
respecting this measure

"The Bill, as originally reported, contained twenty-seven
sections, and covered eighteen foolscap pages. As it to-41asy
passed the House, it provides. in substance,that
in the Treasury buildings, prepared and provided. for the use ,
of the treasurer of the United States, his as.,lstatit-., an 1
clerks, and the fire-proof vaults and safe!, are c•-,nstitutt.d
and declared to be the Treasury the United States, the
treasurer to keep the public moneyof whichshall come to his
hands in the Treasury until the same shalt_ be drawn there-
from mint of the United States at
front according to law.
Philadelphia, the New Orleans branch, and the vaults
and safes thereof ; the rooms at the. Custom-houses in New
York, Boston, Ohs; lesion, St. Louis, heretofore prepared
for that purpose, wall be places of safe keeping. Re-
ceivers-gener4l to be appointed by the President, by and
with the advice and cons nt of the Senate, to be located at
the places last named. The treasurer of the United Stairs,
the treasurer of the Mint of the United States, the tree. aurora, and those acting as such, of the various ',ranch
mints, all collectors of the customs, all surveyors of the
customs, acting also as collectors, all receivers-general of
public moneys, all receivers of public moneys at the: several
collected liy.'
without, and all postmasters, are rsquired to keep Safe• 3
loaning or using, all the public
the proper depart an
them, or otherwise at any time placed in thole-ossession d
appointed to
custody, till the same is ordered by
department
or officer of the Government. The officers
bums, which may from rime to time be reewed, strength-
made.adi
enedanil increased; to make tunsferd %inn directed, 7
to order the
same. lawful for the: secretary of the Treasury
agents to 13.,,
same. Examination of boas to be made by
sel7 cted for that purpose, in addition to checks on the offi-
cers.. Expensed for contiegenoies, fire-propf safes,
4c.
to exceed tight
allowed, the whole number of clerks to be appointed not to
exceed ten ; the ag;regate compensation. not
thousand dollars, nor tlle mpenmlion of any clerk eight
hundred dollars, per annum. If
early of the officers
or those conuected with the P 78t-office Department,
shall convert to his own use, or invest in Nety
kind of pi operty or merch -ndise, or
shall loan
any portion of the pubic moneys, the act shall be deemed an
embe3zlement, and declared a felony, and all persoes ki,i_
visLftg or participating in such act, being coevicted theri.or,
shall be sentenced to impfism ment ft r a ten% of not loss
than six montli,, nor more than ten yi ars, and to a fine equal
tl the amount of m4.ney embezzled. After June 30, 1848, all
as a paper cur-
,avments to be made in gold and silver coin ,
oniy. .11raft8
lare not to be used or thrown nit, circulation
at Boston, 2400 dolls. ; at
rencv, or a medium of exchange. Salary to Receiver
Gtneral
at New York. 4,000 dolls. ;
at St. Louie, 2,500 dolls.
Charleston. 2,500 dials.;
; the
Treasurer of the Mint, seo dolls. Will :rail ; Tressurur (,f
perquisites 'allo.w.td, Lindel..
Branch Mint at New (Memos, 5110 dolls. Aditional
per
or
annum —no commis-ions, pa.y,
. b-ing considered a misdemeanour,
penalty ot e . punishable
Fit 0 tenby
fine or inorrisolinitrit, or both.
&C. and dollars ap-
prephited t9r olives, sates, vaults, , and invadoiatai
ex-
i