The Sun.
London, England, 1848-05-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MAY 8, 1848

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the Ist instant have been
received.

An ex-Deputy named PASCUAL has been arrested
on a charge of conspiring against the Government.
The grand review and annual procession of the
Dos de May passed off without disorder.
The Bolsa was closed.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday
and of yesterday.

Theyesult of the election:of President on Friday we
gave in The Sun of Saturday. It was not announced
to the Chambers until six o'clock. It was then proposed
to proceed to_the election of Vice-Presidents, secre-
taries, and questors. This was vehemently opposed
by the ultra party, who moved the adjournment of
the Assembly to the next day, their object being to
gain time, in order to bring the Clubs to act on the
_t• • 44—mot;„,, Tn thi,
however, they were unsuccessful. The ballot pro-
ceeded, and the following were the results :
For the Vice-Preside nt, the number of members
voting was 727, and the votes were thus distributed:—
M. Recurt, 633; M. Cavaignac, 575; M. Corbon, 397;
M. Guinard, 378; M. Cormenin, 319; M. Senars, 315.
The election for the six secretaries gave the following
Peupin, 365; M. Robert, 333; M. De
georges, 325; M. Myatt, 322; M. Lacrosse, 287; M.
l'ean, 252; M. Dlathey, 208; M, Vignerte, 200; M. E.
Lafayette, 198; M. Ham, 177; M. Froussard, 113.
The six first, havinc, obtaieed the sufficient number of
votes, were declared duly elected.
The definitive bureau of the Assembly being now con-
stituted, the temporary President and Secretaries yielded
up their places to their successors.
Bucht z, the definitive President, then addressed
the Assembly, thanking them for the honour conferred
on him. "I accept this honour," he said, "as a duty,
and I hope that you will render my duty an easy one.
Never, in fact, in any assembly was there such an au-
thority as in this, for you have been elected by millions
of suffrages; you represent the unity of France; you
have manifested her full and entire will in proclaiming
the republic.—(Hear, hear.) We have pledged our-
selves, being elected by all, to pay attention to the wants
of all—(Hear)—and particularly of the poorer classes,
for whom no one bas ever done anything.—(Applause.)
We shall not act like the fallen Government; we shall
not shut our eyes; we shall not adjourn the questions
which we ought to discuss.—(No, no!) All of them
shall be resolved, slowly perhaps, but with the wisdom
and experience of men representing a great nation—
tßravo!)—a nation slow to act, but always acting in a
determined, positive, and complete manner.—(Loud
applause.) It now only remains for one to thank our
worthy Senior Deputy, which I do most heartily. I
now declare, that as the bureau has been installed, the
National Assembly is definitely constituted : Vive la
Republique!' "
The whole Assembly then rose, and repeated several
times the cry of " Vive la Republique!"
The following Members were then elected questors:—
Degou44, 439 votes; M. Bureaux de Puzy, 338;
General Negrier, 296.
The sitting was brought to a close at half-past twelve.
The Vice-Presidents, Secretaries, and Questors,
all belong to-the Lamartine-Marrast party.
The President, in addressing the Chamber, used
the title Citizen, and the Moniteur, in its official re-
ports, invariably now substitutes Citoyen for
Monsieur. Citizen BudHzz, in the exercise of his
right as President of the Chamber, has laid it down
as a rule that there must not be any manifestation of
approbation or disapprobation among the Members—
thus depriving strangers in the galleries of all excuse
for interfering in the discussions, as was their wont
during the first revolution.
On Saturday the Assembly met at half-past one
o'clock.

Some returns of new members were reported, and
declared valid.

A discussion arose. on the election of Abbe Fayet
and M. Demoie for the Lozere; and it was decided
that an inquiry should be instituted as to the circum-
stances of the case, bribery being alleged against these
two gentlemen.
M. Martin (of Strasburg) stated to the Assembly
that, having been appointed reporter by the bureau to
whom the circumstances connected with the election of
M. Schmidt as one of the thirty-four representatives of
the Seine had been submitted for examination, he bad
to declare that the bureau was of opinion that the
electors had been led into error by the epithet of
' workman' affixed to that person's name, and that in
consequence a great number of votes had been given
contrary to the intentions of the voters; M. Schmidt,
it appeared, was in reality an author, and could not, by
person,t. r
nof , thetahiem
in
personsanmo not for
fof fr Srtihteumr indetd.
any possibility, come fairly under the denomination of
workman. It appeared, beside, that more than one
had to recommend the bad stood for the honour
for
rretphreesenting Paris, and that many votes were intended
amongstburAeafu personA 8
swlenr
ah whose
yn
consequence
nee
tin
neeul figuredthet he
After some discussion for and against this opinion,
ethic: tAi°L—m(bAlygidteactil°arn.e)d the election of M. Schmidt to be
null and void.—(Considerable agitation.)
The question then arose as to how the vacant place
was to be supplied—whether by a new election or by
admitting as member of the Assembly the candidate
who had been next on the list after the 34 names of
whom Schmidt was one.

M. Bert.) er observed that the case was perfectly
simple. There had evidently been
errores in the voting,
many Schmidts having been candidates, and the votes
a
I
elected.
given to all the persons of that naase being eventually
centred in one who, accordingly, had been
But, was it not evident that if each Schmidt
had re.
ceived the complement of votes intended for him
one of them would have had a sufficiency to be returned not
r
And, further, was it not logical that the 35th candidate
?
was duly elected and legally entitled to a seat in the
Assembly? He certainly thought that no new election
was called for, and be consequently should propose to
have the nest name in the list after the 34th returned,
to have the 35th candidate declared a member of the
Chamber.
M. Flocon observed that, in this first esercis© of the
been found necessary
right of universal suffrage, it had

to have recourse to such minute inquiry relative to the
candidates as would distinguish future elections. All
the guide that many electors had to trust to in giving
their votes was public notoriety. But in the case under
discussion such a guide had been found an erroneous
one, and a person designated as a workman in the pre
liminary lists, was afterwards found not to belong to '
the working classes. The votes of the electors who
had been thus led into error ought, he conceived, to
return to them intact, with full power to exercise their
right of suffrage as they pleased. You, continued the
Hon. Member, addressing the Assembly, you who are
the representatives of the sovereign power of the people
—why should you interfere with the exercise of the
right which has sent you here ? You have no right to
interfere with the right of voting given to the people ;
you should let them use it with the utmost freedom.—
(Hear, hear.) Hence I propose to you to call on the
electors of the Seine to proceed to a new election for a
Member in the place of the person whose election has
just been annulled.—(Hear.)
Several other speakers followed, and the conversation
became exceedingly noisy. Indeed, throughout the
whole proceedings the Honourable Representatives
evinced a warmth of manner and an exercise of voice
which would be thought unnecessary, if not indecorous,
in England. At last the President consulted the As-
sembly on the propriety of terminating the discussion,
which was replied to affirmatively.
The Assembly then proceeded to declare their opinion
by a show of bands. The first being declared doubtful,
a second was proceeded to, and that being also not suffi-
ciently decisive, a ballot was ordered by the President.
The votes were then given with the following result:—
Number of voters
Absolute majority 357
For a new election
For the 35th candidate
Majority —ll6

A new election was accordingly ordered.
The next business before the Chamber was the re-
port of the Provisional Government relative to their con-
duct in assuming and exercising their power since the
revolution of February.
M. Dupont (de l'Eure),: to whom the task of reading
this document devolved, would request the Assembly to
permit M. de Lamartine to relieve him of a task which
would be too much for his strength.
M. de Lamartine ascended the tribune and said—
Citizens, I am abont to read to you the report of the
Provisional Government:—
" Citizen Representatives—At the moment when you
are entering on the exercise of your sovereignty—at the
moment when we deliver back into your hands the powers
d'urgence which the revolution had entrusted us provi-
sionally, we owe you, in the first place, an account of
the situation in which we found, and then one of that in
which you yourselves found, the country. A revolution
broke out on Feb. 24, the people overturned the Throne,
and swore on its ruins to reign from that time forward
alone and altogether by itself. It charged us with the
task of provisionally providing for the necessities and
dangers of the interregnum which it had to traverse,
in order to arrive with order and without anarchy at
its unanimous and definitive reign. Our first thought
was to abridge that interregnum, by immediately
convoking the representatives of the nation, in
whom alone exist right and strength. Plain
citizens, without any other call on us than that
of public danger without any other title but our
devotedness, almost trembling, to accept, and most
anxious to restore the destinies which had been confided
to us for the good of our country, we had only one am-
bition, that of speedily delivering over the dictatorship
to the sovereignty of the people. The Throne being
overturned, and the dynasty departing into exile, it was
not we who proclaimed the Republic—it proclaimed it-
self by the mouth of a whole people.—(Loud applause.)
All we did was to write down what the cry of the na-
tion called for."—(Renewed applause.)
The President wished to remind the Assembly that
however legitimate and justly called for might be the
expression of its approbation, still a document like the
present ought to be listened to in the deepest silence.
M. de Lamartine in continuation—" The first thought
after the proclamation was directed to that which was
most important—the re-establishment of order and se-
curity in Paris. In that task, which would have been
more difficult and more meritorious at another time
and in another country, we were aided by the co-opera-
tion of the great body of citizens ; whilst it still held,
with one hand, the musket with which it had just
burst like a thunderstroko on the King and his family,
with the other it protected the life and property
of the inhabitants—preserved from injury the public
monuments. Each citizen at Paris was at the same time
the soldier of liberty and the volunteer magistrate of
order.—(Profound applause.) History has enregistered
the innumerable acts of heroism, probity, and disinter-
estedness which characterised the first days of the Re-
public. Hitherto flattery had been lavished on the
people in speaking of its virtues—posterity, which never
flatters, will find no expressions adequately strong to do
justice to the dignity and bearing of the people of Paris.
It was that people which inspired us with the idea of
the first decree destined to assign its true signification
to the victory—the decree for abolishing the penalty of
death in political matters. It inspired that decree,
adopted it, and signed it, by the acclamation of 290,000
voices on the Place do l'Hotel de Ville and the neigh-
bouring quays. Not one cry of anger protested. France
and Europe comprehended that God had his inspirations
in that crowd, and that a revolution inaugurated by
greatness of soul, would be pure as an idea, magnani-
mouse as a sentiment, holy as a virtue.—(Applause.)
1-ca nag, ft crutitc,l F..t au ;natant, DOC as a Sy:lll,A
of menace and disorder, but as a momentary flag of
victory, was put aside by the combatants themselves, in
order to place the Republic under the protection of that
tri-coloured flag which had defended its cradle, and
carried the glory of our armies over every continent and
sea. After having established the authority of the Go-
vernment in Paris, the next step was to have the
Republic acknowledged in the departments, in Algeria,
and in the army. Telegraphic dispatches and couriers
sufficed. France, the colonies, the troops, of their own
accord, acknowledged the Republic. There was no
resistance from any quarter. Our second thought was
for the exterior. Europe, in a state of indecision,
awaited the first word of France ; that first word was
the abolition de facto and de jure of the reactionary
treaties of 1815, liberty restored to our foreign policy,
the declaration of peace for territories; of sympathy for
nations, of justice, good faith,and moderation for govern-
ments. France by that manifesto disarmed her ambition
but did not disarm her ideas—she let her principle of
action shine forth fully. Her war went no further.
The special report of the Minister of Foreign Affairs
will show you what this system of open diplomacy
has produced for France, and what it will, in all likeli-
hood, still produce for France. That policy commanded
the Minister of War to adopt measures in harmony with
that s) stem of armed negotiation. He established, with
our
walls,
energy, discipline which had been shaken; he called
berako:ve forwd
honour, to Paris, the army, a moment
m when the people were given
a The people thenceforward in-
vincible, soon demanded, with loud cries, that their
rracitfhro m
themselves.
brothers in the army should be restored to them—not as
a security, but an ornament to the capital. The army
in Paris was no longer anything but an honourable gar-
rison, destined to prove to our brave soldiers that the
capital of the common country belonged to all her chil-
dren. We, in addition, decreed the immediate formation
of a council of defence, and the formation of four dis-
tricts of observation—that of the Alps, the Rhine, the
North, and the Pyrenees. Our navy, confided to the
guidance of the same Minister, was placed under
the command of officers who soon brought it
to such a state of discipline as vigilance de-
manded. The fleet of Toulon went to show our
colours to the friends of France on the shores of the
Mediterranean. The army of Algiers had not an hour's,
not a minute's hesitation the Republic and the
country were confounded in their thoughts in the same
sentiment of duty. An officer whose republican senti-
ments and talents were pledges alike to the army and
to the revolution, General Cavaignac, received the com-
mand of Algeria. Corruption, which bad penetrated
into the most sacred institutions, obliged the Minister of
Justice to effect certain purifications called for loudly by
the public voice. It was necessary to separate promptly
the Judicial situations from everything political. The
Minister with grief, but with an inflexible hand, effected
the separation. In proclaiming tho Republic, the cry of
France had not proclaimed merely a form of government,
it had proclaimed a principle. The principle in question
was that of practical democracy, equality by rights, and
fraternity by institutions. The revolution accomplished
by the people ought to be organized in our opinion, for
the profit of the people, by a continued series of frater-
nal and tutelary institutions, calculated to confer
regularly on all conditions, individuals, dignity, in-
struction, wages,
morality, elements of labour, corn-
fort, assistance, and accession to property which should
suppress the servile name of proletaire, and elevate the
working
man to the height of possessing the right, the
of the first-born to property. To
duty, and well-being
elevate and enrich the one without degrading the other;
to preserve property and render it more fruitful by mul-
tiplying it and dividing it amongst a greater number; to
distribute the taxes in such a way as to cause the heaviest
weight to fall on the strongest; to create by the State
the work which should ppen to fail by tho fact of
•dated so that not a workman in
capital being intinst
France should remain without bread; in:fine, to examine,
with the workmen themselves, the practical and true
phenomena of association, and the theories, still proble-
matical, of the various systems, in order to discover the
true application. Such was the idea of the Provisional
Government in all the decrees of which it confided the
execution to the Minister of Finance, to the Minister of
Public Works, and finally to the Committee at the
Luxembourg, a laboratory of ideas, a preparatory con-
gress of labour presided over by two members of the
Government itself.—(Great applause.) The fall of
the monarchy, the disorder of the finances, the mo-
mentary declassification of an immense mass of work-
men from the various manufactories ; the public debt of
nearly a milliard, which the fallen Government had
accumulated ; tke industrial and commercial crisis which
prevailed everywhere on the Continent, and which took
place at the same time with the political crisis of Paris ;
the enormous accumulation of railway and other shares;
in fine, the imagination of the country, which always
goes beyond the truth in periods of political disturbance
or social terror, had dried up the capital that gave work
—had caused specie to disappear—and had suspended
free and voluntary labour, the only labour sufficient for
35,000,000 of people. It was necessary to supply that
want provisionally, or be false to all the principles, all the
sentiments of prudence, all the necessities of succour,
put forth by the Republic. The Minister of Finance will
tell you how these difficulties relative to labour and
credit were met, whilst waiting for the moment, at length
come round, when confidence restored to men's minds,
should restore capital into the bands of the manufac-
turers and wages to the workman. The Department of
Public Instruction and Worship, placed in the same band,
was, as respected Government, a manifestation of inten-
tion, and for the country a forecast of the new situation

which the Republic was determined to enter into, for
the double necessity of a system of national instruction
and of more real independence of worship, equal and free
before the human conscience and the law. The Minis-
ter of Agriculture and Commerce—a department quite
separated by its nature from political matters —esuld
only prepare with zeal, and sketch out with sagacity, the
new institutions called on, to turn to better account the
first of useful arts; he stretched forth the hand of the
state to the suffering interests of commerce, which you
alone can restore by security. Such were cur dif-
ferent and incessant solicitudes. Thanks to Provi-
dence, who never manifested in a more evident man-
ner His interference in the cause of the people arid
of the human mind—thanks to the people themselves,
who never better exhibited the treasures of reason,
generosity, patience, morality, and real civilisation,
which fifty years of imperfect liberty have elaborated
in their souls—we have been able to accomplish,
though very imperfectly, no doubt, yet still not without
some success, a part of the immense and perilous task
which events flung on our shoulders.—(Cheers.) We
have fkainded the Republic, that government declared
impossible in France on any other conditions than a
foreign war, a civil war, anarchy, prisons, and the :car%
fold; we have shown the Republic to be perfectly coin•
patible with peace with Europe, with voluntary order,
with liberty of the subject, with gentleness and mildness
in the habits of a people for whom hatred is a hesvy
punishment, and harmony a natural instinct; which
have promuleated the great principles of equality,
fraternity, and unity; which must, by developing them-
selves every day more and more in our laws, made by
all and for all, accomplish the unity of people by the
unity of the representation. We have rendered the
right of the citizen universal, by rendering universal
the right of election, and universal suffrage has re-
sponded to our decision. We have armed the whole
people in the National Guard, and the whole people has
responded to us, by consecrating the arms which we be-
stowed to the unanimous defence of the country, of
order, and of the laws. We have passed forty-five days
without any other executive force than the moral autho-
rity, the rights of which the nation was pleased to re
cognise in us; and that people consented to let itself
be governed by words, by our counsels, by its own
generous inspirations. We have passed through more
than two months of crisis, of cessation of work, of
misery, of elements of political agitation and social
anguish accumulated in innumerable masses throughout
a capital of a million and a half of inhabitants, without
property beingviolated, without a life being menaced by
anger, without a single proscription or political impri-
sonment, or a drop of blood shed in our name having
cast a shade of sadness on the Government in Paris.—
(Great cheering.) We may redescend from that long
dictatorship on the public street, and mix ourselves with
the people, without any one being able to ask us What
have you done as a citizen?' Before calling the
National Assembly to Paris we completely assured its
security and independence by arming and organizing the
National Guard, and by giving it for its protectors the
whole armed people. Factions are no longer possible in
a Republic, where there are no divisions between political
and non-political citizens, between armed and unarmed
citizens. Every one has his right, every one has his
weapon. In such a state of things, insurrection is no
longer the extreme right opposed to oppression; it would
be a crime. He who would separate himself from the people
is no longer of the people. This is the unanimity which
we have made; perpetuate it, for in it consists the common
safety. Citizen representatives, our work is accomplished;
yours commences. The presentation even of a plan of
government, or of a project of a constitution, would be
on our parts a rash prolongation of power, or an en-
croachment on your sovereignty. We disappear now
that you are assembled to receive the Republic from the
hands of the people. We shall only allow one counsel,
one wish, and that is our title of citizens, and not as
members of the Provisional Government. That wish,
citizens, France participates with us. It is that you
lose not time—that principal element of human affairs.
After having absorbed in yourselves the sovereignty, do
not allow a fresh interregnum to weaken the springs of
the country. Let a commencement of government issue
from your bosom. Do not permit the power to float
for a moment, precarious and provisional, over a country
which has need of government and security. Let a
committee on a constitution, emanating from your suf-
frages, introduce without delay, into your deliberations,
the simple mechanism, brief and democratic, of the
constitution, the organic and secondary laws of which
you can discuss at your leisure. In the mean time, as
members of the Government, we remit our powers into
your hands. We also submit to your judgment with the
fullest confidence all our acts; we only ask you to take
into account all the difficulties we have had to en-
counter. Our conscience reproaches with no intentional
wrong. Providence has favoured our efforts. Grant us
an amnesty for our involuntary dictatorship. All our
ambition at present is to return to the tranquillity of
good citizens. Then only the history of our dear
country will write down with indulgence, ned in a grade
far below the things effected by France, the recital of
those three months passed in a sort of vacuum between
a monarchy which had fallen to pieces and a republic to
be established ; and in place of the obscure and for-
gotten names of the men who devoted themselves to the
common safety, may only two names be inscribed on the
historical page—that of the people who saved everything,
and of God, who threw a blessing on everything con-
nected with the foundation of the Republic !"—(Tre-
mendous cheering, which was renewed three several
times.)
As the Honourable Member withdrew to his place he
was warmly felicitated by his friends, and on his ar-
riving close to M. Dupont (do l'Eare) the old man
embraced him with transport.
The President—l think that the best mode of proceed-
ing will be to follow the line of succession adopted by
M. de Lamartine.—(Assent.) I therefore call on the
Minister of the Interior to present his report.
M. Ledru Rollin, Provisional Minister of the Interior
—Citizen representatives,—Called to the Provisional Go
vcrnment by the wishes of the people, I owe you an
account of the administration of the Department of the
Interior, which was confided to me.---(Movement or
curiosity.) You will not expect from me long details.
Ready as I am to reply to all your interpellations, I
confine myself to a rapid exposé of our acts, and of the
motives by which they were dictated. Carried to the
Government by the triumph of Republican principle, for
which I have combatted all my life—for from my delnit
to this day I have never varied—l have resolutely de-
fended its maintenance. The deep faith which I have
always avowed to it when it was persecuted cannot but
be strengthened by its striking and glorious victory at
Paris, and its unanimous acclamation throughout all
France. Convinced that the safety of the country
depends on the complete development of all the conse-
quences of the revolution, I have watched over it
with a jealous care. I have wished that on all
points of the territory it should be respected
and understood. At the same time it was necessary,
by prompt and decisive measures, to prevent any attack
on order, and to reunite the cord of the administration
which had been violently broken. This twofold idea
suggested the sending into the departments commissaries
invested with unlimited powers.—(Murmurs.) Unli-
mited powers! This necessary word has been laid hold
of to direct against me the most violent attacks. In or-
der to judge of it, it is necessary to go' back two months,
and then it will be understood, and it will be also com-
prehended, that on the day following the revolution,
surrounded by the conquerors from the barricades, I
could not without being guilty of treason confide to other
hands than theirs the deposit and the defence of liberty.
—(Approbation.) Full of ardour, of devotedness, and
of civic faith, they would penetrate the country with
the idea which they had rendered triumphant. Doubt
less many among them were not administrators.
Who can contest that point ? The question
does not lie there. Soldiers were necessary to continue
and propagate the victory, and particularly to render it
durable and pacific. That faults have been committed
is very possible. When I was informed of them I did
not hesitate to revoke them. But let any one bring
forward, in the midst of this great and rapid movement,
a single serious attack against the rights of citizens by
those firm and courageous men, whom it has not been
feared to designate as Pro-Consuls. The citizens have
replied to it by giving their votes to the greater number
of those who are now assembled among you. More-
over, the instructions sent by me, and which have
served as the pretext of so many outcries, were
indispensable. I should not have written them, bad
they not been created by the force of circumstances
a se. Being the emanation of a revolutionary
e, I could not transmit a regular and limited
authority. Placed in face of unforeseen events, I
should have been guilty of weakening my agents by
rules above which the safety of the country
had raised us. I moreover knew, and I have
said it, that the moral responsibility which ac-
companies the momentary exercise of great power
prevents and corrects the abuse of it; that it is necessary
to give beforehand the means of overcoming all obsta-
cles, in order that obstacles shall not present themselves.
—(Hear, hear.) My public instructions, the firmness of
which had more particularly for object to remove for
ever guilty hopes, have been every day explained by my
correspondence. lam ready to submit to the Assembly
the voluminous documents of that labour, and I have no
fear of its finding one dispatch which does not bear the
imprint at once of an ardent desire to make the revolu-
tion triumph, and of a constant desire for conciliation,
order, and peace.—(Applause). It is to the attainment
of this twofold object that all my efforts nave been di-
rected. I should have been inconsistent with my former
life, I should have given the lie to the doctrines which I
have constantly professed, if I had not been at the same
time the man of the revolution who would transform
society and the country, and the man of the government
who accomplishes :progress by the power of ideas,
and proscribes all appeal to disorder and violence. It is
thus that in a few days I caused the National Guard of
Paris to be armed and equipped, and endeavoured (at
least by making known my wishes) to do the same with
that of the departments, persuaded that a disciplined
musket was an instrument of order, because it was the
symbol of the dignity of the eitizen.—(Cries of " Yes,
yes.") I provided for the organization, the clothing, and
the support of tl,s Garde Mobile; to the creation of this
sedentary oorps destined to maintain order in this great
city; to the formation of a new institution, that of the
Gardiens de Paris, connecting by an indissoluble bond
the municipal and the judicial police, and placing public
security under a constant surveillance. In the days of
trouble and uneasiness I watched unceasingly; it is by
an absolute devotedness to my duties that I replied to
the infamous calumnies of which I have been the object.
s I have never seen in this unexampled invective anything
but an additional reason to intrepidly defend a cause
which the fury of some senseless persons wished to com-
promise in my person. I had confidence in the good sense
of the nation, in the justice of the Assembly, and I
thought that, soldier of the revolution, I should suffer
everything for it, and not lose, in noticing odious false
hoods, the precious time which its services demanded.
All my acts, moreover, are public; then free dis-
t cussiontlelongs to you, and now that your sovereignty
. •

discharges me from the burden of affairs, all private
calumny will find me ready to confound it. I have
passed through the most difficult circumstances by re-
maining within the limits of my budget. I prepartei
and organiz 'd in three weeks the application of univers
suffrage, and nevertheless, allow me to tell you, that it
by some I am accused of some errors in its detail, suffi-
cient allowance has not been made for the infinite al.d
persevering labour by which I have been able throueil-
out the whole extent of the Republic to bring into
operation a mode of election which only three months
since was declared to be impossible. For my own part,
I shall be proud of having been the instrument of this
first act of virility on the part of a people recover-
ing its rights. Proceeding on these general prin-
ciples, I should have wished to have introduced
into the mechanism of the administration changes
destined to render it more simple and more demo-
cratic. I thought that those reforms should not be
either isolated or partial, and that they would be more
' wisely accomplished by him who would hold a defini-
tive power from your sovereignty. I feared to throw dis-
order into the administrative action at a moment when
it was most essential to preserve its regularity. And
besides—why should I conceal it? lam more particu-
larly anxious to save the revolution and order. I wished
to preserve to the victory of the people its grandeur, ha
purity, and its social bearing; I also wished, in defend-
irg it against the snares and attacks of reaction, to
shelter it from the violence of ambition and of dangerous
impatience. Thus when, replying to an imprudent pro-
ceeding, the whole population of Paris came unarmed to
surround the Provisional Government with its pacific
waves, I unreservedly united myself with this solemn
demonstration; but on the day when some madmen en-
deavoured to pervert the sense and the result of a similar
manifestation, I did not hesitate to oppose it. It was by
my orders that the rappel was beaten, and that the Na-
Lionel Guard, which is now the country, assembled to mix
with the citizens who were not armed, and to protest
against any violent attempt.—(Approbation.) This re-
solution, far from being an effort on my, part, was only
the consequences of the principles which have always
guided me, even in the opposition. In my eyes, it was
a great day when the ideas which were destined to con-
quer the world elaborated themselves. As inflexible against
ambitions which provoke coups de main as against
reactions which enchain revolutionary movement, I have
always considered that a statesman should march with
li
a firm step between the dreams of utopists and sec-
tarians, and the rebellious tenacity of egotistical in-
terests. One does not truly rely but on ideas which are
ripe. Veritable superiority consists in distinguishing
those measures which may reasonably be put in practice.
The hand of the people has now torn away the veil.
Doubt is no longer possible for any one. Imprudent
and culpable would be he who would wish to stop the
revolution by the sterile conquest of political forms.
These forms are but an instrument of liberty placed in
the hands of the nation called on henceforth to estab-
lish itself. For it the path is traced out and the object
indicated. It is to realise in social order the dogma of
equality and fraternity that all our efforts ought to tend.
Supporters of that holy cause, we shall be worthy of our
mission, in accepting it in its full bearing, and by it we
shall not only have restored man to his natural dignity,
but we shall have secured the glory and the happiness
of our common country, and contributed to the eman-
cipation of the world.—(Applause.)
M. CREMIEUX, the Minister of Justice, then pre-
sented his report, which did not produce any great
effect. Still less effective was the address of M.
Louis BLANC which followed, and which was, of
course, on the organization of labour. The report of
M. GARNIER PAGES, the Finance Minister, was
completely inaudible. The Hon. Minister's voice
failed at the commencement, and he completely broke
down before he had concluded.
The President consulted the Chamber as to the
propriety of sitting on Sunday, but a large majority
declared themselves against Sunday sittings. An
observation of one of the Members, to the effect that
the Assembly ought not to suspend its sittings until

the public safety should have been assured, drew from
Citizen CAUSSIDIERE, the Prefect of Police (a member
of the Ledru Rollin and Barbes party), a declaration
that at present the state of public security was per.
fect. The Assembly adjourned at six o'clock. They
have yet to receive the report of Citizen LAMARTINE
on Foreign Affairs. It is said that it was on Satur-
day the duty of Barbes regiment of National Guards
to furnish a guard to the Assembly, but that by ex-
press orders the duty had been transferred to another
regiment.
The Grand National fete is fixed for the 14th.

The Moniteur gives an official contradiction to the
report that the Army of the Alps had been ordered to
enter Piedmont.

The Constitutionnel states that the port of Cher-
bourg is to, be put in a complete state of defence.
Besides the immense quantity of cannon with which
the bastions and ramparts are provided, the dyke is to
be defended by floating batteries, composed of old
ships. It was for this purpose that a battery has been
sent from Vincennes.

In the same journal we find the following :
" We are assured that, at seven o'clock yesterday
morning, the drummers of the 2d legion took an order
to all the National Guard of the arrondissement to pro.
coed, in uniform and without arms, to the customary
place of meeting. At nine o'clock, a great number i.t
them had answered the appeal, and were at the rendez
vous. They then mutually interrogated each other
to the motives of the convocation. It was said that the
Colonel, M. ClCuent Thomas, had called theta in conse-
quence of orders from Genetal Courtais, to make a poli-
tical demonstration. What was the meaning of the de
monstration which was demanded from them? The ex-
planations which were given were various. It was in-
tended, said some, to offer to the Provisional Government

a striking act of adhesion to the Republic; whilst others
pretended that it was intended to offer an expression of
sympathy to M. Lamartine, in reply to a demonstration
made on the preceding day by some citizens in favour of
of M. Ledru Rollin. The National Guards, remem-
bering that a demonstration of the whole National
Guard had been misrepresented, were unanimously of
opinion that they ought to abstain from that to which
they were invited, whatever might be the character of it.
Some moments after they were told, again as was said
on the part of General Courtais, that the demonstration
had been countermanded. The National Guards took
advantage of the singular incident which had caused
them to be assembled to agree to a petition, demanding
that the General-in-Chiet of the National Guard should
be nominated by election. Did the same circumstances
occur in other legions? Some information might lead
us to believe it; but from enquiries instituted, we have
acquired the certainty that, in several legions, nothing
of the kind took place. However this may be, without
entering into explanations on the singularity of the inci-
dent, without seeking whether it were really an order of
the chiefs, if it were a misunderstanding, or a snare laid
for the National Guard to cause it to take the initiative
of these irregular demonstrations, in order to give excuse
for others of a contrary kind on the following day—we
cannot refrain from approving the wise reserve which
the National Guard maintained. The time has passed
for these votes en masse in the public streets. The
people have at present their regular representatives.
All questions are reserved to the sovereign decision of
that great power. The real, the only demonstration,
which the National Guard has to make in favour of the
Republic is to watch with zeal over the safety of the
Assembly, and to protect, by its imposing and pacific
force, the liberty of the deliberations.'
A decree of the Provisional Government, dated
May 5, directs that an amnesty shall be accorded
to all the individuals under prosecution for the dis-
turbances which took place at Valence on the Bd, 4th,
and 14th April, as also for those at Amiens; and all
proceedings commenced are put an end to.
On Thursday the 3d battalion of the Ist Legion
of the National Guard gave a banquet to the dif-
ferent regiments of the army and to the Garde
Nationale Mobile, stationed in Paris, to which
all ranks were admitted. The most perfect har-
mony pervaded the whole meeting. Commandant
BOURCART proposed a toast to the Republic, the Garde
Mobile, and the army. The Colonel of the 2d Regi-
ment of Dragoons returned it by the following:-
-"To the National Guard, our elder Sister 1 The
Army, her younger Sister, will follow her wherever
she is called to defend and secure Order in Liberty !"
A private of the Garde Mobile, in well-conceived
terms, proposed a toast to the National Guard and
the Army conjointly. At the conclusion of the day a
subscription amounting to 400 fr. was made, and will
be offered to the commission for receiving and dis-
posing of patriotic gifts.
On Thursday, while the National Assembly was
being opened, M. Thiers was seen, in the uniform of
a private of the national guard, doing duty as sentinel
at the Mairie of the second arrondissement.
We read in the Constitutionnel of Saturday—
"ln the fourth number of the Commune de Paris o
yesterday we find the following lines--' Yesterday
evening, the Minister of the Interior replied to a citizen
who went to ask him the news from Rouen, that all was
appeased, that the investigation and the prosecution which
the magistrates had the infamy to institute against the
people who were massacred was now directed against tha
hideous armed bourgeoisie, author of this Saint Bartho-
lomew.' M. Sobrier, who has given proofs of frankness
on several occasions by disavowing articles which, un
known to him, have slipped into the paper which he con-
ducts, will no doubt do the same with respect to that to
which we refer."

Algiers journals of the 30th have been received.
The Akhbar says—
., The couriers of Bona and Oran arrived yesterday at
Algiers, bringing
with them the delegates of the dif•
terent bureaux of those provinces. The examination of
the ballots will take place to-morrow. The result of the
elections of Algeria are not yet completely known to us.
We believe, however, from the information we have re-
ceived, that we may announce the nominations of
citizens Didier, Leblanc, De Pi epois, Ledru Rollin, De
Rancey—the latter, in a manner less positive."
The same journal says--
"Yesterday morning we WI stuck up on the pillsrs

of the houses which surround the Plaice du Gouverve-
merit a communication couched in thele terms—
" By order of the Provisional Gover ntuent,—The
sion of Citizen Couput is terminated.
(Signed) " CAVAIGNAC, Governor-General.
" Algiers, April 28."
By the side of this placard the put.lic read the
following :
" Citizens,—l leave incomplete the missico which was
confided to me. The Governor-General ha.= addressed
the following letter to me:—` Sir,—l inform you, that
according to the orders of the Provisional Government,
your mission has terminated. In consequence. you Will
be kind enough to return to me the !titre de service
which was given to you by the Minister of the Interior,
and which defined the object of your mission, as sl5O
that in which I invited you to proceed to the uccom?lish-
rnent of it. Receive, etc. (Signed) The GovernoIn
r-
General. C. CAVAIGNAC. Algiers. April 28.'
obedience to the orders of the Provisional Government'
I have remitted my powers to the Governor-General.
Returned to private life, I shall not the !less pursue
the constant object of my efforts—the assimilation of
Algiers to France. Vive la Republique!
(Signed) " COVI'V'T 0
' Paris was in a state of uneasiness in colusequence
of the apprehensions entertained of an outbreak on
the part of the Clubbists.
There are now no less than three members of the
Bonaparte family in the National Assembly. Besides
f
Lucien Murat, the son of the unfortunate Kitig °E
Naples, who has been elected for one of the &Part-
ments in the south, Pierre Bonaparte, the son of
Lucien, and Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, the son
Jerome, have been elected representatives for Cer—
sica. The other members for Corsica are M. Abate
tucci, the former deputy; M. Pietri, the CommissarY"
General ; M. Conti, the Procureur-General; and ll'
Louis Blanc. The returns from Algeria are not yet
•ros
complete. Those whose elections are known are
Didier, Leblanc de Prebois, Ledru Rollin, and D°
Ban cey.
The following additional returns of deputies, cern:
pleting and correcting the accounts already publisbea=
have been received :

Aix.—Guigne de Champvans. Jv
ALPES (B&ssEs).—Leydet, Denois, Ducha.A6
Chaix. (These names were given by error as for to
Hautes-Alpes).
BOUCHES-nu-RHONE.—Cormenin.
COTE-D'On.—Maire.
DOUBS.—lle Montalembert.

LoT.—Carlat.
LOZERE.—Renouard.
MAYENNE.—Boudet, Coratenin.

MEURTHE.—Fory (Eugene), d'Adelswaert.
MORBIHAN.—L'AbLe Deblanc, De Saint-Georgeo* al.
PYRENEES (BASSES).—L'Estappis, Etchevery, Libtr
SEINE..ET-MARNE.—Georges Lafayette, Oscar „op,
fayette, Drouyn de L'Huys, J. de Lasteyrie, C1351/1"-
J. Bastide, Portalis, Auberge, Ev. Bavoux.
SEVRES (DEUX).—Desire Machin.
TARN.—Tonnac.
VIENNE (HAUTE).—Dumas, Maurat-Banage,
(avocat), Frichon, Allefire, Texier, Brunet, C°lllo
(avocet). (The official return is not yet con3Plele'cord
disturbances at Limoges having interrupted the

of the votes).
YONNE.—Rampou, Sechin, Bezine.
The subject of the appointment of an interniedil
Government is now occupying the public attetttito°
of France. M. LAMARTINE is desirous of havingtet
whole of the Provisional Government re-aPPet sa
but the great body of his friends, including the 1-the
who next to himself is the most looked up W h.../test
moderate party, M. AEMAND MARRAET, P:41(
against the re-appointment of MM. LED
LOUIS BLANC, FLOCON, and ALBERT. M. Diji;T:01:1
(de L'Eure) has expressed a wish to be re'lo,r—
-from the anxieties of office on account et. the° de-
age. The great majority of the deputies et. jts], of
partments have determined to demand the ciew-ssMany
M. LEDRU ROLLIN and his commissaries'
Republica
persist still in thinking that the moderate ;ntbe
party in the Chamber will, without regaru
scruples of M. Da LAMARTINE as to his present A- 0
leagues, appoint an executive committi, corePeee'
follows :

M. DE LAMARTINE, President.
M. ARAGO,
M. MARRAST,
Members.
GARNIER PAGES,
MARIE,
The Provisional Government has accepted of 11
resignation of General DUVIVIER, the Commander °,
the Garde Mobile, and has appointed General This
PONE in his place.
The Provisional Government has decided that the
National Guard of Paris shall alone be charged
the duty of mounting guard at the National Ass
elio
bly. This is supposed to be in consequence
~di
troops and Garde Mobile having been Yeste'isbe
called upon by the President to assist in guardia

Assembly. A 9
A tribune has been set apart in the National so
sembly for the delegates of the clubs. There
places in it for from thirty to forty persons.
AT
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS A
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE. NAY 6. sy;
Boulogne and Amiens, OA—Namur and Liegeo epd
Northern of France. 3,4—Paris and Rouen,ls--M"
Havre, B—Sambre and Meuse, 4%.

GERMANY
AND
THE NORTHERN STAT''

PRUSSIA. „e
bio
The- official decree of the King of Pitliss'-
sol
been published, announcing the recognition °' oiest.
ISABELLA of Spain by the Prussian GeTern• the'
Don ANTONIO REMON ZARCO DEL VAL
I
accredited ambassador to the Prussian Court. to di
We extract the following from the Gaze
Cologne of the sth inst. : Witir
" The postal communications with Trees are
,to • 6
interrupted; the letter bag is borne by messeogniorei
gate of the city, and then dispatched by a 1011%If es illf
back. Yesterday's number of the Gazelte of '„e"glitife.,-t
not reach us in the usual manner. We had w Pottv,
1 private opportunity half a sheet, from which /emir t0...1/-
the following:—"Freves, May 3.—The quiet °Tv ef'ni
has been most seriously disturbed since yesteritoev.:sl,
ing. The appearance of a battalion of the 26th Ileg,esi 1111'cio
Infantry,and the much-to-be-regretted disturbers "er
took place the day before yesterday, at the ell. $lO
the Maximen barracks, have occasioned tlu''' wort,
since yesterday. in the afternoon, provekilopg, ci
spoken by the 261 h were rumoured about :IA Is
burghers; the black and white flag was tlei,l/trios•Ajg
threats uttered against the spirit of our poplim";0 el'of
the evening, men belonging to the 26th were sev,tote hi
ing arm in arm through the streets, and le li'll oot,t i
intoxication. At ten the drum beat to e,er'h" 0 tlrrei:J,
burgher guard; at eleven the bells rung. The
go,
marched to the Dlederichstrasse, a few guos_n"-usltige.
and several citizens wounded; two dange:;ooso
The whole night was spent in making 7‘, iss,r'-$0
The burgher guard was under arms in. t`l.,"x,
_id
place. In the morning the bells again 11:gners:A ot
Governor of the Rhenish province and the ''-erg'
Schreckenstein, happening to be at Treves, tie trill
inquiry should be made, and were it proved :ediStol,
froiveo
had given the provocation, they should be le3w 0004
removed from the town. All the shops erfuj,
~° f
According to a private letter, dated the ~,Th'sr
than fifty barricades were raised. The Genea
_ad
is, that he will pardon all, provided the 'Se",
were removed; but that otherwise be would "-
___

the troops to fire on the town."
P 0 SEN .
General %VILLISEN will not return to P°let 1"1
place is filled by General PFUEL. The 1:1$,;tio°00
powers all but unlimited for the reorgsni, 0
the Polish part of the Grand Duchy. 113,iiliety)
once obtained, General PFUEL will repair t°,,n
and thence to St. Petersburgh, to make

exact state of affairs.
Prince CZARTORYSKI has returned to 11'.--o (00
In the duchy of Posen, the city of
stc Graffn. bid
circle of Buk) has been taken by "-ip. fro?
Prussian soldiers. The Poles lost twee*? The Jtjek
Xionz the insurgents fought heroically otiatird
sians had forty soldiers killed and fifty bpG
The insurgents are annihilated. Se° IY
Poles have been taken prisoners. t Aftere4l
News from Posen (May Ist) states th- 104,j
combats of Graetz and Xionz, whiclinotho
bloody, a real battle took place on the °be V,/
Miloslaw. The town was first taken by t
eill° V
troops ; the Poles succeeded in exP. 4.009
The Prussian troops, having received rein; sheik,
retook the town ; but the Poles drove tooraott
once more, though the Prussians we.t_reir oo'
six thousand strong, not to speak of tat ortli°lol#
Every one of these fights was most those
0/1
The Poles of the city of Posen, and all . • ion §
Wl'
grand duchy, protested against any eiec
duchy, and refused to take a part in tb:. P„cetai
Ist May for the Frankfort Parliament'o.oo:4 0'
mation of MIEROSLAWSILI has called t7lO, . ;too
Ole
the general insurrection. The wh co •
hßauskreipsaiurenddetro atrhme sc.amTp.hesPicElrisAhrlisixatllai:provisl°
atir appointed Dictator of the Grand Duchy'
pv
AUSTRIA• ofdc,ol9y
Baron ZANINI has resigned the once
of War, in consequence of a differe°'

FIQUELDIC ZANINI was the most liberal of the
Austrian Ministers. lie is succeeded by Count
BARLLET LATOUR.
The o Iticial Vienna Gazette declares to be without
foundation the rumour according to which the POPE
has proclaimed Nv ar against Austria. The same

Paper pub lishes letters from Trieste, dated the 27th of
April, which report that the fortress of Cervignano
has macs its submission to the Austrian army.

A deputation from Cracow arrived at Vienna on
the Ist ctf May, and had inunediately an audience of
the EMP! BROR.
, The IS 'az( tte of the Ist publishes two communica-
tions &oak the Governor of Gallicia to the captains
of the cil:cles. They are by the3e enjoined to be on
their vaard against the malevolent intentions con-
nected •with the formation of committees composed of ,
Polish ?proprietors settled in the country under pro-
tection of the Government; so they say; and to
prevent the formation of such committees, as also the
establish ment of a national guard in the cities of the
circles, seeing the institution of a national guard in
Cities is for capitals exclusively, and moreover, that
the law for its formation has not appeared. These
coinmunnestions are likewise intended to fix the at-
tention elf circle captains on the tendency of the
rioters to weaken, by means of false alarms, the
moral spirit, and consequently the energy, of the
troops. The officers are therefore directed not to
afford taiiitary protection till they have inquired into
the real motives for which such assistance may be
claimed..

HUNGARY.
The news from Hungary down to the 30th April is
amictitig. Anarchy in this part of the empire makes
fearful progress. At Presburg the Jews have been
atrociously treated, their houses ransacked, their
household furniture destroyed, and the wares taken
from their shoPs. The plunder last 28 hours, when the
Jews numbering three hundred families, retired from
the town on the invitation of the authorities, and en-
canTed in the open air in the Schlossberg. Even the
fJewish hospital has been ransacked, the sick torn
rom their beds and badly treated, without difference
reo.B ago or sex. Not even their tombs have been
pose ed. The military
of. sufficient force to prevent
authority could not dis-
these acts of
andahsin, and Lieutenant Field-Marshal the Count
of LAMBERG Was people. As
o the 13n " wounded by the
-Nuer Guard, they did not take to arms
.
till the Jews had evacuated the town, Sc, by this
Means all they had to do was to protect empty shops.
These deplorable events seem but as a prelude to
the 11i
more bloody, and every day we have further
intelligence of reiterated plunder and fresh murders.
The general meeting of the German Constitutional
Committee was held on the 30th April. The sitting
'was cairn at the commencement, but scarcely bad the
.second orator made a report on the Ministerial or-

• Frankfort
respecting the deputies to be sent to the
Frankfort Parliament, when the ultra-Czechs began
to Cry oat, 11 The Germans are traitors ! Down with

the Germans !" The President declared the sitting
1,..11411 over, and the meeting broke up in the greatest
confusion. It was with difficulty the speaker could
De protected against the fury of the Czechs by some
of the most moderate among the.m. There at pre-
sent exists an abyss between the Czechs and Ger-
n►ans. A reconciliation has become next to impos-
aih-le, and a fearful combat is hourly expected.