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London, England, 1848-01-20 00:00:00

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S V Ns• JAN UAR Y 20
, 1848.

IPU.EcE SD.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS,

PROM THE -MORNING PAPERS to THIS DAT.
TIMES.—The session of the American Congress
is not sufficie
:eider advanced t', warrant any confident
anticieeticen of the course of its debates, but enough
has
!r"erespired in that assembly to throw some light
on tze temper 11 the people, the position of the Go-
vernment, and the prospects of the war. Our tor-
, respondence has intimated the general belief that the
Administration is strong enough to carry the prose-
cution of its object a little further onward ; if, at
least, we may transfer our own political terms to the
proceedings under so different a constitution. Mr.
Polk cannot be thrown out ;tiri his appointed time.
In our own country, a division such, as that which
took place the other day in Congress when an im-
portant motion upon the army supplies was carried
only by the casting vote of the Vice-President would
have indicated the approaching downfal of the war
party. Bttt in America this party eau hold out
against any such demonstration, and is only to be
impeded by a powerful combination against the ne-
ceasary supplies. Until the year of grace 1849,
Mr. Polk cannot be superseded by any more pru-
dent or pacific President, and his exploits are only
limited by the means at his command. The
question now is, whether he will be able to obtain
the requisite funds for the continuance of that con-
test whicle has grown more costly and less promising
every successive month. From fifteen to twenty
mill;,ons of dollars are immediately required for this
fre A instalment, and such a sum, it is considered
very doubtful whether he will be able to raise. In
addition to the freedom with which the whole policy
of the war was canvassed, symptoms of a monetary
panic bad been developed which would• most mate-
rielly complicate affairs. fileantime,,the other great
element of discord was more and more conspicuously
obtruded on the notice of Congress. Motions against
slavery had been pressed by abolitionist representa-
tives in so sweeping a form that one member actually
characterised the whole war as a device of the slave-
holders, while two of the southern States had issued
a counter memorial in language so determined as
to declare openly for a transatlantic Sonderbund
in case the Legilasture should attempt any imper-
tinent meddling with their darling institution.
The position of the President's party is now very
curious. There is little doubt but that they them-
selves desire the conclusion of hostilities as ardently
as the most pacific economists of the States, if it
could but be brought to pass on such terms as would
leave them unconvicted of folly in beginning the
war. They never anticipated a speculation of so
much glory or so much embarrassment. A glance
at the conditions under which the enterprise was
commenced suggests some singular reflections. It
was not recommended by the expediency of em-
ploying any turbulent or restless spirits, or of
draughting off any superfluous battalions to a scene
of action where they might be occupied or expended.
America had no need to look out for an Algiers.
The States contained no war party till Mr. Polk
made one. Hereafter it may be necessary perhaps
to make provision for the military longings so inad-
vertently created, but at the opening of the present reign
no such mischievous spirit was discernible. Neither was
the war produced by the involuntary irruption of a
superabundant population upon the neighbouring
territories. America itself is but half peopled, and
her covetous hankering after California is only just
less preposterous than the tenacity with which
Mexico clings to the deserts under her nominal sway.
We have never made any secret of our opinion as to
the hands under which California might most reason-
ably fall, but generations must elapse before its lands
can be needed by either people. That the inhabitants
of the new world should be squabbling for territory
is certainly a proof of how very little reason may
have to do with war. Nor did the Americans descend
like barbarians of the highlands upon a richer and
more luxuriant region than that which nature had
assigned them. Whatever may still be the hidden
wealth of the Mexican Sierras, their neighbours were
certainly not attracted by the silver of the moun-
tains or the cochineal of the plains. Mr. Polk
was not originally actuated by any such sage sug-
gestions of policy, or such magnificent conceptions
of felony. He simply wanted to gild his reign by a
little captivating conquest, which would cost neither
him nor his enemies any serious expenditure, and to
prolong his influence by an appeal to new passions
and unusual pomps. If he could but have pushed the
undisputed frontier of his country to the-Rio Grande,
extorted a full recognition of American rights in the
lately annexed province, and obtained a little obse-
quious prostration of Mexican deputies at the feet
of so formidable a foe, he would have secured his
original object, and, perhaps, his ultimate end.
That he was bound to anticipate so strange a
subversion of his schemes we will not assert, for it
is, indeed, singular that there should never hitherto
have occurred a single period in the expedition at
which he could retire with honour; but a wise ruler
would have preferred an early acknowledgment of
his mistake to such a desperate accumulation of error.
The tone of the American journals which we have
just received illustrates very pointedly the state of
the war. They are occupied, to a great extent, by
statistics of Mexico, by estimates and reports, more
or less authentic, f the produce of her mines, cus-
toms, and imposts, and by anecdotes of the wealth of
the clergy and the fertility of the soil. All this is
the expression of anxiety to make the most of an
involuntary bargain. The Americans have got the
country upon their hands, and as they can find no
way of surrendering it without dishonour they are
exerting all their ingenuity to retain it without
loss. Forced loans have been levied in the capital,
customs duties exacted in the harbours, and the
resources of what was called the Mexican revenue
intercepted and appropriated. A detachment has
been sent to work the mines of Zacatecas, and looks
have already been thrown askant on the gold and
silver of the churches. The collective proceeds of
these expedients can of course do but little in
alleviation of the enormous expenses of the war,
and a rapidly accumulating balance is thus left to
be settled by some vast indemnity or gigantic
cession. If these two items of outlay and return
could ever be made equal, lir. Polk might then
retire with credit, as his constituents would probably
be satisfied with their glory if they could be reim-
bursed for their contributions. Unfortunately this
is a pure impossibility. The estimate for the next
campaign alone, exclusive of all previous expenditure,
surpasses by the sum of 5,000,000 of dollars the pre-
sumptive value of the greatest cession ever yet de-
manded from Mexico ; nor would the possession of
the entire country be presently worth to America
the money she has lavished in invading it. The
President's dilemma is this:—Should his obstinacy
be as unsuccessful in the ensuing year as it proved in
the last, the debt and discredit of his country will be
fairly doubled. Should it achieve at length the re-
sult which his partisans anticipate, America will have
found an Ireland. The total prostration of Mexico
and its annexation to the United States are the pros-
pects now triumphantly held forth as the fruits of
another campaign, and it needs no extraordinary
sagacity to discover that such inheritance can vary
but little from the present occupation of the country
—an occupation which is already beyond disturbance
from any regular resistance, and which is only encum-
bered by those perplexities which no annexation can
remove. _

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—The Queen and Prince
Albert took their accustomed morning walk.
The Royal Family took walking and pony exer-
cise to-day
The Marquis and Marchioness of Douglas, and
the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Whewell, are expected to arrive
at the Castle this evening, on a visit to the Queen.
The royal dinner party at the Castle this evening
will include her Royal Ilighness the Duchess
of Kent, the Marquis and Marchioness of Douglas,
the Earl of Liverpool, the Lady in Waiting on
the Duchess of Kent, the Baroness de Speth, and
the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Whewell.

The band of the Grenadier Guards attend during
dinner. Her Majesty's private band will afterwards
attend in the Castle.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester
visited the Princess Sophia yesterday, at her residence
at Kensington.
A Cabinet Council was held at three o'clock yes-
terday afternoon, at the Foreign-office. The Ministers
present were—Lord John Russell, the Lord Chan-
cellor, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Sir George Grey,
Viscount Palmerston, Earl Grey, the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, the Earl of Auckland, Lord Camp-
bell, the Right Hon. H. Labouchere, the Marquis of
Clanricarde, and the Right Hon. T. B. Macaulay.
The Council sat two hours and a half.

The Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord President, ar-
rived in town yesterday, from his seat, Bowood Park,
Wilts.

Mr. Jennings, architect to the Grand Surrey Canal
Company, Mr. Smith, surveyor of the canal, and Mr.
J. C. Hall, solicitor to the company ; also Mr. Peter
Clarke, manager of the London, Brighton, and South-
Coast Railway Company, Mr. Hood, engineer, and
Mr. Parson, attorney to the company, had an inter-
view with the Right Hon. Edward Strutt yesterday,
at the office of the Commissioners of Railways in
the Board of Trade, respecting the mode of forming
a bridge over the Grand Surrey Canal.
Sir John Rae Reid, and a deputation of gentlemen
connected with the Mauritius, had a conference yes-
terday, with Lord John Russell, Earl Grey, and the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, at the official residence
of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street.
Viscount de Moncorvo, the Portuguese Minister,
transacted business yesterday, at the Foreign-office.
Mr. Cardwell, M.P., and a deputation from Man-
chester and Liverpool, respecting tea, had an interview
with Lord John Russell yesterday.
Dispatches were sent off yesterday evening from
the Colonial-office, for the Governors of Fong-Kong,
Ceylon, and Malta.

CHRONICLE.—A disposition appears to exist in
certain quarters to get up a renewed agitation for
the abolition of the window-tax. The tax is in the
abstract so utterly unjustifiable, and has been, from
the first moment of its enactment, so exceedingly
unpopular in this country, that we cannot he sur-
prised at any movement of the kind. Public opinion
has unmistakably condemned the window-tax. Its
eventual doom is certain. The only difficulty is as
to the time and mode of abolition. It is a question
solely of ways and means. Being, however, a ques-
tion of ways and means, we may reasonably doubt
the policy, and despair of the success, of the agita-
tion to which we allude, at a time when the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer may be supposed to be at
his wit's end to devise new taxes, instead of having
either the disposition or the power to abolish old on
es.
The ordinary sources of the national revenue have, it is
true, maintained their usual rate of productiveness with
extraordinary steadiness, considering the accumulated
trials the country has gone through. Still it must
not be forgotten that 8,000,0001. have been added to
the national debt, and that the past year's expenses
have exceeded the receipts by nearly 400,0001. Under
such circumstances, the abolition of a tax which sup-
plies one twenty-sixth part of the total ordinary re-
venue of the State is simply impossible, unless the
Chancellor of the Exchequer be endowed with a
fiscal inventiveness equal to that of Pitt himself, and
be prepared with a budget of new imposts which the
public will contentedly see substituted for the old ,
ones of which they complain. There is no possibility '
at present of lightening the load which the nation is
doomed to bear. If, however, any alleviation can be
obtained for the most patient and most heavily bur-
dened people in the world, by altering the position of
their load, or by taking a trifle out of one pannier
to put it into another, by all means let it be
done. The indefensibility of the window-tax is
undoubtedly much aggravated of late by the import-
ance which the question of sanitary reform has re-
cently assumed, both in public opinion and as a promi-
nent function of Government. The window-tax is

CHANGES IN TILE EXCISE DEPARTMENT.--It was
currently reported yesterday in the Excise department,
that a minute had been received from the Lords of the
Treasury by the Commissioners of Excise, that in future
the licences taken out by wholesale wine and spirit-
dealers may be transferred from one occupier to another,
on the same principle as is at present acted upon in the
case of one licensed victualler taking to the business of
another before the expiration of the financial year, viz.,
the 10th of October. According to the present regula-
tions, should a wholesale dealer only :continue the busi-
ness for a day after that period, his successor is sub-
jected to the same charges as if no former licence had
ever existed, and in some cases three or four licences
have been paid for the premises within one year.
The injustice has been greater with regard to re-
tailers of beer, where the tenants are more frequently
changed ; and from information recently obtained
from surveying officers in many of the districts,
it is ascertained that in numerous instances six licences
have been taken out, amounting to upwards of 201. for
one year's excise charges for one house. This evil has
been long and loudly complained of, and there is no
doubt will be speedily remedied. Another on dit is,
that it is the intention of the Chancellor of the Exche-
quer, on the meeting of Parliament, to bring in a Bill
for the purpose of legalising the sale by wholesale, by
wine and spirit dealers, of quantities of not less than one
pint and a half, to meet the earnest solicitations of that
body of tradesmen, and to assimilate the law in this
country to what at present exists in Ireland; and also
r the
to bring in a Bill to facilitate the collection of the excise
revenue throughout the kingdom, and to include i
same several duties at present received in the customs
department.
THE VAC ANT GARTER.—Some speculation has
arisen as to the presentation of the vacant garter. It
will be recollected that on the demise of the late Duke
of Northumberland, the names of the Duke of Bedford
and the Duke of Norfolk were prominently mentioned
as the probable recipients of the blue riband then vacant,
and that the former nobleman received it, so that it is
probable that his Grace of Norfolk will receive the
present one.

DEFENCES.
A ATIONAL D
greatE p/o7'oo2tryo OF
like T THE
England
.0
7.
should.
srni_Ts.2l,
hTatHaE
be threaten ed with invasion b
y any nation is a cir-
cumstance in itself sufficiently
disgraceful, but how
much more so is this the case when even the
most
sanguine tn ist alone to the chance of our. -fleet en-
counterie L. g he
,• enemy at sea, and all admit that there'
are no a deque te means of defence against any 'con--
siderabl a fora ' which might succeed
in landing-01r
our she fixes. 're', send our ten thousand
oppose an invade. ns: enemy of a hundred troopsousan to
__d
--
_ ~_T___.........z
es—...=- ........... men. ea e uld, accorete.'g to all the ordinary rules
a tax on the things,!of all others, which °ugh.,
'to be, warfare, be consigning them to useless destruction.
and which Providence undeniably meant to be, Alyee While , entertaining the greatest possible respect for
to all. It is a fax on light and air. " Free as air," the doctrines and tendencies Pf free trade, as well as
" universal as light," are proverbial expressions of for the el I ristianlike benevolence of the " Universal
consideiable antiquity. It remained for the archtaxa- Peace Soci etas." one may yet be permitted to doubt
tionist Pitt to change them into a mockery, and to whether an, y French marshal, on his march to Lon.
Put a restraint on the elements, or at least on the use don, would halt his troops to receive a deputation
from either . of the societies. of them, which Xerxes, in the intoxication of empire, .
-
had never thought of. In our days the dreams of It Jo
is roa I,v several years since the Prince
reformers and the ambition of public men have dis- de . • nv. fib
covered new spheres of action. One grand object of ,Tout haw, .
,a blow might be struck at the "heart of
england, ' yet so infected have our
the philanthropist and of the statesman in the present readers been with
' peace, economy, and goodwill, that
especially, to the priceless value, the indispensable ne-
the doctil _ nes of
age is to open the eyes of the public, of the poor
no materit it prepara beentione for defence, either naval or
military, ht we yet made. France has, cessity, for moral and physical well- been r, of a copious
while, been strengthening all the harbours along her
mean-
supply of those elements which Pitt apparently
northern co ast, and is new busily employed in build-
thought a man had no right to at all, except in pro-
ing above £' inety new iron steamers, in addition to
portion as he could pay for them. As things now
the large 1 cumber which she already has in the
stand, it would be looked upon as no small step in
sanitary reform if all the windows could be replaced Mediterra isean and elsewhere. As France is herself
impregnable, and has neither colonies nor commerce
which Pitt caused to be blocked up, or, what would be
still more valuable, if all the houses built since
requiring A uch an enormous steam flotilla, and is
he
much too ea se and parsimonious to support such an
invented the window-tax could obtain the additional
allowance of light and air which but for that tax their armament ev, ithout an object, there seems to be no
constructors would
other solution of the fact than that England is the
for a moment at the tendencies of the sanitary move- Point aimed at. For the purpose of carrying on a
tnent, which, having at length got itself recognised war against`, either Austria, Prussia, or Italy, France
among the responsibilities of Government, may now would not require tiny large fleet of steamers, as the
be regarded as effectually set upon its legs. In a few highways? of Europe are now as open for the march
years we may hope that the atmosphere of the of her troops as they formerly were. England
Metropolis, and of the pest of our large cities, will be would, it is to be feared, only deceive her-
materially purified. In half a century or so, sanitary self by supposing that because she is quite
reform may, perhaps, reach the length of compelling unconscioun of having for thirty years past
all chimneys, great and small, public and private, to given to the French any just cause of offence,
consume their own smoke, thereby purifying the that, therefore, no such feeling exists. They
atmosphere of an additional amount of carbon, have not forgotten, nor are they, it is to be regretted,
and making theasight of the sun somewhat less of likely soon to forget, the reverses sustained at our
a rarity than it is at present to our City population. hands, -bode by sea and land, during the last war, and
The dwellings of all ranks will, of course, be much some of the present generation are known to have
improved. It may be anticipated that the working declared that those defeats must yet be " washed out
classes in particular will be housed and lodged with in English blood." Such a sentiment towards a
a roominess and airiness, a cleanliness, comfort, and friendly people is no doubt revolting; but as those
convenience, of which at present they have no con-
very words have been used among our neighbours, it
ception. To maintain the window-tax in any shape, is necessary to take, warning.
simultaneously with immense public and private They have not forgiven us for having sent Napo-
leon to St. Helena, and I believe, however inoffensive
efforts to attain such glorious ends as those, would be
so ineffably absurd, that no national distress or fiscal or friendly our conduct may be, as it has long been,
uegency can be imagined which would justify it. that till the millennium arrives they will never cease
And once a tax has come to stand in this category, to consider Englishmen as their national enemies.
the sooner it is abolished the better. Blot it from the Many intelligent persons in this country repose
statute, Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer, the moment much confidence in the alleged pacific disposition of
you can supply its place with any impost a shade less the present King of the French, an opinion in which
irrational and oppressive. " With all my heart, the writer can by no means concur, and which he
gentlemen," the Chancellor of the Exchequer might believes would soon be dissipated, should war at any
be expected to reply, " if any of you will be kind time appear to be for the advantage of his family—
enough to suggest a substitute. A million and three as a successful war certainly would be. Louis
quarters of one of the least fluctuating of all sources Philippe has lately discovered that he is eminently
of revenue, is more than I can afford to sacrifice unpopular in his own country, and that his dynasty
just at present. There is one way to be sure, gen-
is consequently less firmly seated on the throne than
tlemen, in which I might meet your wishes, but he could desire. There are, perhaps, only two modes
I am almost afraid to be the first .to mention it. by which this state of feeling in France is capable of
Are you, are the public generally, prepared to sub- being changed, viz., either by a more liberal system
Witt to a property-tax ? Will your representatives of internal government, or the eclat and popularity of
a successful war, and from all we know it is not doing
consent to it ? Have you ascertained what the views
t
of the landowners and monied men, and of all your the so-called "Napoleon of Peace " much injustice
propertied and influential classes generally, are as re-
to believe that he would prefer the latter to the
garde such a proposal ? If not, consult with them; former.
and when you know their opinion, I wiil talk with you France is a country having little to dread inter-
further concerning the window- tax." It is, perhaps,
nally as the result of war ; her territory being com-
presumptuous for us, at the moment when the Chan-
pact, her population warlike, her commerce limited,
cellor of the Exchequer's brain is big with the budget, and her colonies few in number; while, in all these
to conjecture how he would break the profound silence respects, the position of England is eminently the
into which his meditations have plunged him, and reverse, possessing as we do forty distant colonies,
respond to a deputation which complained to him which would all require to be strengthened on the
of this anti-sanitary impost—of this tax on health first suspicion of hostilities ; our naval force would
and cleanliness—of this parliamentary perversion
require to be great indeed to enable us also_ to meet
the enemy on equal terms in the English Channel
of the most bounteous gifts of Providence. And
Besides i
the
first which it is very improbable that they
yet what use is there in blinking the inexorable
would nstance, choose to risk a naval
facts ? Whether the question be discussed in or out ,in
encounter, should they determine on invading our
of Parliament, there is no other legitimate and prat-
plisses, and to elude our fleet would be no very diffi-
tical mode of dealing with it. We leave out of the
cult achievement. No fleet, however numerous, can
question all projects for modifying the tax, for an
impost so obnoxious ought, if meddled with at all; to guard the whole line of our extensive coast, and the
be entirely abolished. - It behove% its opponents, enemy, after having selected the least guarded point
therefore, to consider what they are dribvid at. for the purpose of lauding his troops, might next
There are excuses enough already for the* proposal proceed to give battle to our fleet as it came up.
of a property-tax; there exist, indeed, motives and Unless, therefore, we should possess a force sufficient
arguments in its favour which deserve a better name to command victory both by land and sea, our security
than excuses. Still it is an ugly thing. It is a visi- is very incomplete.
tation which, like the cholera, how inevitable soever Perhaps the whole question may be considered to
resalve itself into one of expense, for with sufficient
it- may appear, we would fa'aclly escape if we could.
Preparation no Englishman will be disposed tb admitv.
TlTAG:overnment, the Le4islature, and the country' P
that the result could be at all doubtful. Our. troops
all iti3linctiercly recoil Trate it: An imialse of smille;
moment would, nevertheless, put an end to their he-
have generally gained advantages over the French in
citation. The agitation against the window-tax, if
foreign lands, and they would certainly not:prove less
it rose to any height, would be an impulse of this heroic in defending their own.
description. We do not deprecate it on that ac-
The age of miracles has, however, gone by, so that
count. We simply wish all petitioners for the abo-
we could only reasonably hope to succeed by opposing
lition of the window-tax this year, to keep in mind
to the enemy's forces an equal body of well-disciplined
troops. That a nation like Great Britain, which has
that they are petitioning at the same moment for the
mposition of a property. tax. during the present century spent several hundreds
of millions in foreign wars and foreign subsi-
dies, should grudge a comparatively small sum
in preparing fur her own defence, is almost inconceiv-
able, and would well illustrate the weakness of the
miser, starving in the midst of abundance. There
are at this moment throughout the country many
thousands of able-bodied men without employment,
who might be drilled and fed by her Majesty's Com-
missioners nearly as cheaply as they now are out of
the parish rates.
The country also abounds in iron, and yet its safety
is perilled, because a niggardly economy grudges the
expense of casting it into a warlike shape, and plant-
ing it in sufficient quantity around our arsenals, and
Fea ports, our navigable rivers, and deep water bays.
Many of the roads likewise, which the illustrious
Duke speaks of, as leading towards London, com-
manded by hills, on which cannon might be surely
planted with great advantage, and the Thames might
easily be rendered inaccessible. As national economy
is now so much in fashion, it would be as gratifying as
amusing to hear Lord John Russell condescend to
imitate the style of Mr. Hudson at a railway meeting,
and say, in order to secure the votes of the more rigid
economists, that he had taken advantage of the pre-
sent low price of iron, and entered into a large con-
tract for cannon.
Our misunderstanding with France concerning
Syria in 1840 is now pretty well understood to have
arisen from a finesse of Louis Philipp's, for the pur-
pose of creating a pretext for fortifying Paris.
The French people choose, however, to blame
Lord Palmerston for that act of their own King, and
have ever since contemplated with peculiar satisfac-
tion the wealth and defenceless state of London, as
affording a future means of resenting the imagined
insult.
Their troops have formerly revelled in nearly all
the other capitals of Europe, and why, they may say,
should London be a perpetual exception ? They also
profess
to believe that Englishmen have latterly be-
come effeminate and pacific, and though it is proba-
ble that they would on English soil soon discover
their mistake, yet it is important in such matters to
make assurance doubly sure ; for which purpose re-
organizing our militia, a military and resisting spirit
might be created throughout the nation. Apart alto-
gether from the question of invasion, a very great im-
provement in the health and habits of our people would
be derived from a general system of military training.
Their evenings might be spent on the drill ground
instead of in the beer-shop, and habits of sobriety,
regularity, and submission, be thus acquired. Their
gait and bearing would be improved, and their feel-
ings of nationality, manliness, and self-reliance be
greatly strengthened. No person who has travelled
in Germany can have failed to remark, as the result of
a general military training, the superiority of the
Prussians in all these respects over the people of the
surrounding states.
The country has again incurred a deep debt of
obligation to the Duke of Wellington for having had
the moral courage to point out its defenceless state,
and his warning voice is, happily, so distinct, that no
Government can altogether disregard it.
I am, Sir, yours, &c.,
Brighton, Jan. 18. R.C.
P.S. If there be any mode by which we can hdop:
long to maintain peace with France, as it is most being -
sirable that we should do, it seems evidently by
thoroughly and at all points prepared for war.

u"G
EuniTtßia'"Wynd-
FOR is the
ew T
noveluE byC Are
name ""ANGELA
oNfGtEhLeAn'
ham," about to be published by Mr. Colburn. We ob-
serve also that a cheap edition of " Emilia Wyndham"
ArsltiNth'sorDoAf
has just been issued by Mr. Colbarn in his " Standard
Novels."
LYNN AND WISUECR RAILWAY.--This railway,
which is now completed, was last week inspected by
Captain Wynne, the Government officer; and should his
report of the line bo satisfactory, of which there is but
little doubt, it will be at once opened for traffic. At
present the permanent bridge over the Ouse ie not com-
pleted, but a very substantial temporary one has been
formed, over which the line is carried ; the strength of
this structure was tested somewhat severely by the In-
spector, but so well did it imps through the trial, that we
cannot doubt but it will be favourably reported on.—
Cambridge Advertiser.
CONTINENTAL INTERCOURSE.—The returns of the
number of passengers through the Channel ports for the
week ending January 16th, are as follow :—Through
Boulogne, 208 ; and through Calais, 104. Correspond-
ing period 1847, Through Boulogne 668 ; through
Calais, 183. The passengers through Boulogne may be
subdivided as follows :—From Folkestone, 332 passen-
gers ; from Dover, 59 ; from London, 67—total, 458.
For Folketone, 409 ; for Dover, 73 ;I: for London, 66
—total, 650.