The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-23 00:00:00

mile.

General Grosvenor's Scarlet Runner,Bst 511i(E. Edwards) I
Lord Exeter's Lebanon, ist 91b ...
Mogador, Bst 71b; Caroline, Bst 71b; Sir Fretful, Bst; and
Elitnea, 7st 61b, also started.
The Stamford Selling Stakes of 5 sovs. each, and 20 added,
tor three-yrs-old, 7st I.olb ; four yrs, 9st 121 b ; five yrs,
lOst 61b; six yrs and aged, lOst 101 b, icc. Heats, once
round.
Mr. Parr's Eclat, 3 yrs
Mr. Sprigg's Mogador, 4 yrs 2 2
Mr. Sare's Mapel, 5 yrs
DUDLEY RACES.—Tunsax.ty.
The Selling Stakes of 3 soya. each, and 20 added. Heatt,
one mile and three quarters.
Mr. 011iver's Teresa, 5 yrs (Owner) 1 0 2 1
Sir. Barton's Reliance, 4 yrs
Mr. Whitehouse's bm by Heron, 3 yrs
Mr. Collins's Brunel, 5 yrs 3 0 0 dr
Mr. Tempest's fby St. Martin, 3 yrs
Mr. Ilolman's Chevy Chase, 4 yrs
The Free Handicap of 3 sovs. each, and 15 added. Heats,
once round and a distance.

Mr. Tempest's T'Auld Squire, 5 yrs ...(Stagg) 2 1 1
Mr. Cowper's Roebuck, 4 yrs 1 2 di
Mr. Brice 's Lord Berners . 3 3 dr

The Ashwood Hurdle Stakes of 3 sows. each, and 25 added,
one mile and a half, were won in two heats by Thurgarton,
5 yrs (W. Archer), beating True Blue, Maid of Athens, and
two others.

NEWTON RACES.-WEDNESDAY.

The Trial Stakes of 10 sovs. each, and 20 added. One
mile and a quarter. No race—only Lightning and Pantasa
entered.

Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft., with 50 added. Two miles.
Mr. Meiklam's Lightning, 5 yrs, 9st 31b walked over
Match, 200, h. ft., Sat 71b each, Golborne Course—Sir J.
Gerard's New Year's Day, 2 yrs (Nat), beat Mr. L. Brookes'
c by Tory Boy, out of sister to Maria, 2 yrs.
The Lyme Park Produce Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. One
mile and a quarter. (2 Subs.)
Mr. Gulley's Mendicant, fist 31b walked over
The Gold Cup of 100 sovs., with 100 sore. added by the Lord
of the Manor to a Handicap of 20 sovs. each, 10 ft., and
5 only if declared. Two miles and a distance.
Mr. Clarke's f. by Tomboy, out of Lapwing, 3 yrs (Irvine) 1
Lord Chesterfield's Lady Wildair, 4 yrs 2
Aristotle, Coeur de Lion, Little Hampton, Comical Boy,
and Master Stepney, also started, but were not placed.

THE CAUSE OF HOT AND COLD

SUMMERS.

Dr. Ryan, the able-1;;;;; of chemistry to the
Polytechnic Institution, in his lecture on Wednesday
last, made some observations on the equalisations of
temperature by atmospheric and marine currents, which
gre not only interesting in themselves but also of vast
importance as guides to the prognostication of future
weather. The Doctor having shown that in the atmos-
phere there are always two currents of air passing in
opposite directions and at different altitudes—the upper
or heated stratum passing from the equator to the poles,
and the lower or cold air from the poles to the equator,
thus regulating the distribution of temperature over the
earth—proceeded to prove that in the mighty ocean
itself we have precisely the same important conditions
pre-ent. It is well known that heated matter expands
and becomes lighter, while matter under the influence of
cold contracts and becomes heavier. The water on the
surface of the ocean becomes cooled down by two causes
—first, by abstraction of heat owing to the floating ice
passing from the northward. Now the cooled water
being rendered denser sinks and forces to the surface
other portions f warmer miter, .which amtin ,com-
municates -heat' to the air passing over it. The
cool water spreads itself at the bottom of the sea
and flows towards the Equator, producing compensating
currents in opposite directions. Thus the ocean tends
to regulate the temperature of the earth, moderating
the heat of the torrid and the cold of the frigid zones.
Every seaman is aware that the Gulph Stream is an
example of these compensating currents ; and Dr. Ryan
stated that he had met many naval officers who had
ascertained the possibility of steering through the G u!ph
Stream merely by dipping a thermometer in the water.
Dr. Ryan proceeded, in the next place, to explain cer
tain meteorological conditions which have not before
been noticed. Thus it was always possible, late in the
winter, or very early in the spring, to prognosticate the
heat or coldness of the succeeding summer, by ascer-
taining the comparative amount of new ice formed in
the northern latitudes, even as low down as Russia
and Sweden. It seems that the coldness and wetness
of our summers is influenced by the quantity of new
i .e which, during the heat of that season, is continually
liberated from northern waters, and as it flows towards

the equator with the supernatent current cools down the
waters of the ocean as well as the wind passing over its
surface, and thereby condenses the atmospheric moisture,
producing rain, and otherwise reduces the temperature of
the atmosphere throughout many of the European lati-
tudes. Dr. Ryan is confirmed in this opinion, by the
fsct, that the hot summers here for many years have
bt'en proceeded by winters in which scarely any new ice
was formed in the high northern latitudes. This was
the case last winter. and also in the winter preceding
the summer of 1842, while on the contrary cold and
damp summers have always succeeded winters giving
much new ice. _ _

If this be true it is a discovery of immense importance
to the agriculturist, enabling him at an early period to
take those precautions necessary for his welfare.

THE ROYAL CHRISTENING.

The Lord Chamberlain, by her Majesty's command, has
issued invitations for a grand banquet at Buckingham
Palace' on Saturday next, in honour of the baptism of the
infant Princess.
The royal invitations to the banquet are confined to the
principal members of the Government, and the Duke of Nor-
folk, and the chief officers of State.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Gloucester, the
Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the Hereditary Grand
Duke and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz, the
Duche3s of Kent, and Prince George of Cambridge, and his
Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen, are to dine with
her Majesty and the Prince Consort on the auspicious oc-
casion.
It is probable that the King and Queen of the Belgians
may arrive in this country in the course of the week, ex-
pressly to be witnesses at the solemnity. "
The baptismal ceremony willwbheenperhas Gormerdacien
tthhee
Arrocyha!
chapel at Buckingham
b axe hear hnp
,ofCanterburyerh
t at theist
dwiilnl distinguished We personages honoured with
invitations are to assemble at 'the Palace at half-past ix
o'clock, and the christening is to take place previous to the
banquet.
Her Majesty will have an evening party after the banquet,
the Lord Chamberlain having caused cards of invitation to
be issued to above three hundred personages of distinction.
The hour appointed for the company to assemble is men-
tioned on the cards to be half-past nine, and that the com-
pany be in full dress.

DEATH BY DRoWNINO.—OR Saturday last, the 18th
inst., Gentleman Cadet Charles C. Hulbert, of the Royal
Military College, was drowned while bathing, being, with
one exception (namely, death by a chance blow), the only
case of fatal accident which has occurred since the first
establishment of the College, in 1802—a period of 44 years.
The coroner's inquest returned a verdict of " Accidentally
drowned," founded an the facts brought forward in evidence,
namely, that the bathing-pond is very shallow ; that it was
frequently visited during the bathing hours by the orderly
officer and sergeant; and that the utmost and most perse-
vering exertions were employed by the surgeon of the insti-
tution for a period of nearly three hours to restore animation.
A ROMANTIC DWELLING.—In the cliffs on the other
side of Hastings (about a couple of minutes' walk from the
town) an Irishman has made himself about as romantic a
dwelling-place as it is possible to conceive. The cliffs here
are more than 100 feet above the sea. Rather more than
half-way up there is a small ledge, below which it is perpen-
dicular; but it is accessible by a side path. Above, the
cliffs again rise perpendicularly. It is this ledge that the
Irishman chose for his habitation. Scooping out the sand in
the face of the cliff, he made an arched cell, where he lives
with his wife and an adopted child—a cripple, but a very intel-
ligent boy. The man gains a livelihood by breeding rabbits,
squirrels, &c., and by the contribution of visitors to this
strange abode. Among the latter are a good many artists,
spent three
stcherneeerydaLsßornigthhtme
Herald.t,in sketching it
aanndd Lthaendsesur
erorun
EXTRAORDINARY RECOVERY AFTER A BROKEN BACK.
—During the month last past a fine athletic young man re-
siding at Hartshay, near Heage, met with a severe injury
of the back from a heavy mass of coals falling upon him
whilst at work in a pit belonging to C. V. Hunter, Esq., of
Kiitairne Hall. He was visited very soon after the accident
by David Evans, Esq., surgeon, Belper, who pronounced it
to be a fracture of the spine. A fracture bed on the double
inclined plane was forwarded as speedily as possible; and
an ingenious kind of strait waistcoat, with pulleys, &c.,
was prepared by a saddler under the immediate direction
of Mr. Evans. Powerful extension was made, which gave
immediate relief to the part affected. No untoward symptom
occurred, and we are credibly informed that
the man has
a:readv returned to his duties in the pit.—This case is pre.
bably unprecedented in the annals of surgery.—Deebylfereury.
We understand that Vice-Admiral Sir
.Charles Adam,
K.C.8., will not leave Blair Adam, his seat in Scotland, for
seven or eight days, to take his seat at the Admiralty Board.
The plan of the retirement is occupying the close attention
of their Lordships, but it will necessarily be four or five
weeks after the arrival of Sir C. Adam before it will be com-
pleted.