The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, W'EDNRSDAy EVENING, JULY 15,_1846.

revret any al-ilndonment of the policy of pro •
or any material ai►eration of the milli' of 1842,
which has worked so well. If its operation had been
even chubtful, would it not be wiser to await further
developments from experience, before we plunge into a
new and unexplored theory ? Scarcely any misfortune
is so great to the business and pursuits of a people as
that of perpetual change.
I am sensible that I have extended this letter to a
most unreasonable length. I hope you will excuse
and attribute it to the beautiful fruits of a favourite and
cherished policy which you have kindly sent to
Your friend and obedient Servant,
(Signed) H. CLAY.
HOUSE 01? REPRESENTATIVES—WAsHINGTON,

JUNE, 24, 1846.

RELATIONS WITH MEXICO-EUROPEAN INTERFERENCE

ON THE AMERICAN HEMISPHERE.
Mr. C. J. Ingersoll, from the Committee on Foreign
Affairs, made a report on the subject of our relations
with Mexico, justifying the declaration of war against
that republic, and arguing generally, and at great length,
from positions which are laid down in the commencement
of the report, and are as follows :
" With great respect, and not till long after forbear-
ance was impracticable, the constituted authorities of the
United States find force the only means of self-defence
from long-continued, unprovoked, aggravated, and insuf-
ferable injuries, inflicted by a sister republic and neigh-
bouring nation, with whom oar preference was close
alliance, and against whom the sword is drawn with
infinite reluctance. But, as was the case in the war, at
last, after many years of endurance, extorted from this
Government by Great Britain, in 1812, there was no
alternative but war to repel and punish the provoking
hostilities perpetrated upon us by Mexico, without (ex-
cept in the affairs of Texas) the slightest pretext for
them. American property, persons, commerce, treaties,
public ministers, consuls, messengers, crews of national
vessels, at length our soil and soldiery, subjected to
outrageous wrong;' seizure, incarceration, insult, homi-
cide, and even inhuman violation of the dead, at last
compelled the American Government to a vindication of
their people, and no alternative but war or extreme de-
gradation."
The committee advert to the views of Mr. Munroe and
others,,in regard to the subject of European interference
on the American continent, and express the sentiments:
" We owe it to candour, and to the amicable relations
existing between the United States and other powers, to
declare that we should consider any attempt on their
part to extend their (the European) system to any por-
tion of the hemisphere, as dangerous to our peace and
safety. With the Governments who have declared their
independence and maintained it, and whose independence
we have, on great consideration and on just principles,
acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for
the purpose of oppressing them, as controlling in any
manner their destiny, by any European power, in any
other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly
disposition towards the United States."
The report covers more than seventy pages of manu-
script, closely written; gives a history of the Mexican
Government, the course pursued by her towards us, and
that of our Government towards her, and enforces the
truth that our general policy is peace.
GREAT FIRE IN CHARLESTOWN, MASS.—

BOSTON, JUNE 27, 1846.
A fire broke out, about one o'clock this morning, in
Quimby's lard oil factory, on Warren-street, Charles-
town, which, with all its contents, was entirely destroyed.
Ihe fire also communicated to a dwelling house owned
by Mrs. Ferman, and occupied by Mr. Silas Crane and
Mr. Sylvester, which was likewise totally consumed.
The dwelling house of Mr. Kendall Bailey, next to the
oil factory, was considerably damaged. The wind being
in the right direction to carry the flames from the
house, it was finally saved, though Mr. Bayley's fine
garden in the rear was very much injured by being
occupied by the firemen in extinguishing the flames.
On the opposite side of Warren-street, the fire com-
municated to a large house, nearly new, belonging to
the heirs of John Coffin, from which the tenants had
lately removed. The upper story of the house was
ruined before the firemen succeeded in mastering the
flames, and the whole was completely drenched with
water. This house is in the care of Hon. Benjamin
Thompson, member of Congress, whose wife is one of
the heirs to the estate.
Two or three nice houses belonging to Mr. Coburn,
deputy-sheriff of this city, were very considerably da-
maged, but were finally saved by the persevering and
energetic exertions of the firemen.
The burning of the oil factory and its greasy contents,
made a most brilliant illumination, which lasted for over
two hours. It lighted up the city of Boston in splendid
style, and was the most imposing spectacle, in the
shape of a conflagration, that I have seen for a great
while.

It rained quite hard during a portion of the time that
the fire was raging. This was a fortunate circumstance,
for the oil factory was surrounded by wooden buildings,
that would have caught instantly, had it not been for the
drenching rain. The firemen of Boston, Cambridge,
and Chelsea, were promptly on the spot, and their exer-
tions, in conjunction with the Charlestown fire depart-
ment, saved the town from a wide. spread and destruc-
tive calamity. Some difficulty, I believe, was experienced
in obtaining an adequate supply of water. How the fire
originated is not known. It was pretty well under way
when discovered. The amount of loss and insurance I
am unable to give, as this letter is written very early in
the morning.
THE PROJECTED OCCUPATION OF CALIFORNIA.—It
is said there is a design entertained in some quarters, in
Washington, to organise a volunteer force of one thou-
sand men, to proceed to California, for the purpose of
taking armed occupation of that fertile country, and co-
lonizing it. It is also stated that the plan has received
the sanction of the President, but that it is to be kept
secret until a proper time arrives for putting it in exe-
cution. The force is to be drawn from New York and
New England, and is to be composed of hardy mecha-
nics, who are willing to settle in the country. Already
a company of artillerymen are on the point of leaving
this port for that destination, in the United States store-
ship Lexington. This looks very like extending the
an aof freedom to some purpose. The idea is a capital
one, and the enterprise is sure to succeed. Here is an
excellent opportunity for emigrating.
YET LATER FROM VERA CRUZ.—An arrival at Pen-
sacola on the 21st inst., from Vera Cruz, brought a letter
from a gentleman in the United States Frigate Raritan.
dated 4th Jane, off Vera Cruz, from which we learn
that the blockading squadron was enjoying good health.
The Princeton arrived there on the Ist of June. No
news is given from the interior.
We find the subjoined details respecting the tobacco
market, in a New York paper of the 30th ult.
Since the departure of the Great Western, the market
has been without any material alteration, either in the
general aspect, or in prices. It is stated that in a single
warehouse in Pittsburgh, there are now lying, awaiting
transportation, at least 2,000 hhds. 1,900 of which were
raised in Ohio. The sales here during the week have
not been extensive, amounting to about 150 hhds. of
Kentucky and Virginia at 2i to 5i cents, 30 bales of
t3aracoa at 18 cents, 4 months, and 237 Cuba on terms
not made known. A sale, by auction, of 10 hhds of
Ntaysville took place at 3 to 44 cents—average 3 dollars
80 cents, 60 days.
At Baltimore, during the week ending the 27th inst.,
no positive improvement was perceptible; but we are
glad to find the belief entertained that prices have reached
their lowest point, and that any change that takes place
will be for the better. The large stocks of common
qualities, both in this country and in Europe, will,
doubtless, tend to keep these descriptions at very low
rates, though, owing to the diminished production, some
advance may possibly take place shortly. The sales of
Maryland this week have been pretty extensive, at
former prices, which we continue, with the remark that
a lot which will bring no more than our lowest quota-
tion is rarely to be met with, viz,:—lnferior and com-
mon 1 50 a 2 50 ; middling to good 3 a 5 50 : good
9 dol. ; and fine 7a 12 dol. Ohio tobacco is in fair de-
mand, and sales to a moderate extent are making, but
prices are irregular, and very low rates have to be sub-
mitted to. We qucte common to middling 1 50 a
3 50 ; good 4 50 a 6 dol. ;: fine red and wrappery
6 50 a 9 dol. ; fine yellow 9 a 11 dol. ; and extra wrap-
-1 eery 10 a 12 dol. The inspections of the week are
1,298 hhds. Maryland, 987 hhds. Ohio, 13 hhds.
Pennsylvania; and 3 hhds. Kentucky—total 2,301 hhds.
The New York Sun of the same date states, that
American agricultural produce is sensibly affected by
the prospects of a plentiful harvest. The best flour is
selling at the very low price of four dollars per barrel.
Food is now cheaper in America than at any former
period within the past twenty years,
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the hope of a demand in England
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people and the American press to encourage a modifi-
cation of our tariff. Reciprocity is the order of the day,
and these mutual concessions between nations are greatly
facilitated, especially in England and America, by the
influence of a free press. The liberty of the Press and
the liberty of Commerce are identical. One cannot
exist without the other.
The fluctuations in the prices of grain and flour
during the past six months have brought ruin upon a
few speculators and bankers, but the disaster is happily
confined within narrow bounds. Some dealers in Ohio
and other Western States complain of deception being
practised upon them by sources of information in Eng-
land to which they had looked with implicit confidence.
—The scarcity in England and Ireland was undoubtedly
over estimated, but we think there was no intention to
deceive. Besides, great speculators are generally too
sanguine.
With regard to cotton the following report from an
extensive and respectable cotton broker at New York,
will show the present and future prospects of the trade:—
With reference to my circular under date of 15th inst.,
per steamer Hibernia, I have now to advise, that on the
day it was issued the steamer Great Western arrived from
Liverpool with dates to the 30th ult. ; the market there
was considered one eigtht easier to buy ; although quo-
tations were mainly the same as by the previous packet ;
her advices had the tendency to create a dull market
here, as four days later accounts by the Caledonia were
nearly due, and holders were not disposed to abate in
their pretentions. The accounts by the packet re-
ferred to came to hand on Friday morning,
19th instant, and being confirmatory of the pre-
viousslightly easier market was percepti-
ble,which buyers were aided by a general de-
in ones, a
de-
cline in freights; which, with the advantage of a broader
selection from the increased amount on sale was equal
to a decline of a quarter cent.; yet, with this advan-
tage, the business has been small, the sales only occa-
sionally exceeding 1,000 bales per day. More purchases
have been made for the Continental markets lately than
for that of Liverpool, and the lower grades being more
generally called for have stiffened up, and inferior and
low ordinary descriptions are held one-eighth of a cent.
higher. The last three days the market has been quiet,
but closed steady, and rather firmer, at the quotations
at top, which are varied slightly from those in my pre-
vious circular. The sales for the week ending 29th last.

were 6,000 bales, and for the week ending 27th inst.
ab,,nt the same ; yesterday, 1,000 bales.
r, ,card to the crop, public opinion, which has been
at variance so much during the season, has centred on
2,050,000 bales, although some parties are disposed to
push their estimates a fraction higher. The growing
crop has lately commenced to assume an important po-
sition in the calculations of future prices for this staple.
The season, throughout the whole extent of that
section of the country, has been unpropitious for the
plant. During April and May severe rains, accompa-
nied by a remarkably cold temperature, inflicted so
much injury as to render transplanting necessary over
a very large extent of that region. The first bloom of
cotton on record this season in Georgia was on the 10th
June; and in the year of the large crop in 1842, on the
17th May ; again, in 1844, another large crop year, the
first bloom there was on the 25th May, and about that
date commencing to be general in that section. It is
remarkable that there never has been a large crop of
cotton raised, where the bloom has appeared later than
the 26th May, for long experience has proved that the
advantages of a late autumn have never counterbalanced
a late bloom.
Freights are steady at quotations. Exchange is in
moderate request.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.
MATRICULATION, 1846.
EXAMINERS.
Ix CLASSICS.—Rev. Joseph H. Jerrand, D.C.L., and
T. B. Burcham, Esq., M.A.
IN MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.—
Rev. Prof. Heaviside, M.A., and G. B. Jerrand,
Esq., B.A.
IN CHEMISTRY.—Prof. Graham, M.A., F.R.S.
One hundred and seven candidates presented themselves
at this examination ; of whom the following have
passed :

FIRST Dins
Addison, William Henry—King's College.
Agnis, John Crown—University College.
Allen, Paterson—Private tuition.
Ashton, Eccles Shorrock—University College.
Ashton, Ralph Shorrock—University College.
Bagshawe, Edward Gilpin—St. Mary's College, Oscott.
Bailey, George Hewlett—University College.
Barker, Philip Chapman—Spring Hill College.
Bates, Jonathan—Huddersfield College.
Berkeley, John—Stonyhurst College.
Beverley, Edward Parry—King's College.
Bolton, Thomas Alfred—St. Mary's College, Oscott.
Bond, Stephen—Stonyhurst.
Booth, Samuel Harris—Stepney College.
Bristow, John Syer—St. Thomas's Hospital.
Bromley, Henry William—University College.
Brooks, James Howard—Manchester New College.
Bruce, Samuel—Private tuition.
Burns, James—Stonyhurst College.
Byrnes, Lawrence Henry—Cheshunt College.
Callaghan, Henry—St. Edmun4's College, Ware.
Carey, Jonathan Pearce—Stepney College.
Corder, Charles Edward—University College.
Corry, James Henry—Stonyhurst College.
Daniel, Jesse Cato—Cheshunt College.
Darbishite, William Arthur—Manchester New College.
Davis, George Decimus—St. Gregory's College, Down-

side.
Doubleday, James—Private tuition.
Evan, Cadwalader William—Airedale College.
Evans, Edward Josiah—University College.
Fletcher, James Bealey—University College.
Foote, Richard Ford—University College.
Fowler, Robert Nicholas—University College.
Fowler, William—University College.
Goulty, John Russell—Mill Hill Grammar School.
Govflland, Peter Yeames—London Hospital.
Green, John Philip—University College.
Hepburn, John Gotch—University College.
Hewitt, Wm. Morse Grailey—University College.
Hodgkin, John Eliot—University College.
Hoyle, Joseph—Airedale College.
Jackson, Edward—Wesley College, Sheffield.
James, John—Private tuition
J.-fferscn, Henry—Wesley College, Sheffield.
Lakin, James Henry—King's College.
Lee, James—Western College, Plymouth.
Leyne, Edward—Carlow College.
Lobb, Henry William, King's College.
Locock, Henry Smyth—Blackheath Prop. Gr. School.
Long, George Rogers—Private tuition.
Lynch, Sidney Somerford—King's College.
blanley, Edmund—Private tuition.
Marten, Alfred George—Mill Hill Grammar School.
brougham, Henry Macdonald—King's College.
Morgan, David—King's College.
O'Brien, Patrick—St. Gregory's College, Downside.Pardey, Charles—Mill Hill Grammar School.
Parker, Henry, University College.
Reynolds, John Russell—Private tuition.
Robertson, Charles Nice—University College.
Robertson, William Tindall—University College.
Sharpe, Samuel —Wesley College, Sheffield.
Sloan, Joseph Ware—University College.
Soper, Richard George—Lancashire Independent Coll.
Speciall, William—University College.
Steel, William Palmer—King's College.
Stocker, John Sherwoon—King's College School.
Thomson Henry,—Stonyhurst College.
Thornely, Alfred—University College.
Thornely, John—University College.
Vaux, James—King's College.
Waite, Edward—Cheshunt College.
Welsh, Henry, King's College.
Williams, Robert Griffith—University College.
Wilmott, Henry George—University College.
Wills, Alfred—Edgbaston Proprietory School.
Wood, John—Private tuition.
Worthington,AlfredWilliam—Manchester New College.

SECOND DIVISION.
Brabant, Herbert—University College.
Bullock, Charles Joseph—King's College
Burch, Augustus Edgar—University College.
Carpenter, Jabez Grey—Cheshunt College.
Collier, James—Private tuition.
Evans, John—Western College, Plymouth.
Foster, Joseph—Private tuition.
Gil fillan, Thomas—Cheshunt College.
Grundy Robert—Private tuition.
Harnett, William Francis—Private tuition.
Haywood, George Robert—Private tuition.
Head, Edward Abraham Hancock—Private tuition.
Isard, James Chapman—University College.
Lee, Richard—University College.
\lead, Eusebius—Private tuition.
Murray, Charles M‘Leod—Private tuition.
Paliologus, William Thomas—Private tuition.
Rigby, James—Private tuition.
Sherring, Matthew Atmore—University College.
Stebbing, John—Westminster School.
Upton, William Carey—Stepney College.

TWENTY-THIRD REPORT FROM

COURT CIRCULAR.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge left town
at nine o'clock yesterday morning, for Ravensworth
Castle, Durham, to honour Lord Ravensworth with a
visit. His Royal Highness travelled by the Loudon
and Birmingham Railway.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester
visited their Royal Highnesses the Hereditary Grand
Duke and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh Strelitz on
Monday evening, after their arrival at Cambridge House.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge
and the Hereditary Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of
Mecklenburgh Strelitz, visited her Royal Highness the
Duchess of Gloucester yesterday, at Gloucester House.
His Highness Ibrahim Pacha and suite honoured the
establishment of Messrs. Hunt and Roskell, in Bond-
street, with a visit on Monday afternoon.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge
and the Hereditary Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of
Mecklenburgh Strelitz honoured the taliau Opera with
their presence yesterday evening.
Lord Sandon, M.P.; Sir Howard Douglas, M.P.; Mr.
Philip Miles, M.P.; Mr. Henry Berkeley, M.P.; Lord
Ingestre, M.P.; Mr. Spooner, M.P.; Mr. Russell, M.P.;
Mr. Barton, M.P.; Lord Duncan, M.P.; with a deputa-
tion, consisting of Captain Claxton, Mr. Brunel, Mr.
Saunders, and the Directors of the Great Western
Steam Ship Company, had an interview with Lord John
Russell yesterday at his official residence in Downing-
street.

Lord Kinnaird had an interview with the Earl of
Clarendon yesterday, at the office of the Board of Trade.
The Most Reverend Dr. Polding bad an interview
with Earl Grey yesterday, at the Colonial-office.
Mr. John Wood, Chairman of the Exoise, had an
interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yester-
day, at his official residence in Downing-street.
The Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson, Vice-Presi-
dent of the Board of Trade, attended yesterday, at the
office of the Board of Trade, for the first time since his
appcintment to office.

HER MAJESTY'S VISIT TO THE

SALMON LEAP AT WOOD-MILL.
SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY NlGHT.—Great excitement
prevailed to-day in this ancient port, by the rumours that her
Majesty had intimated her intention of visiting the Sea-lock
at Wood-mill, for the purpose of witnessing the mode of
catching the delicate fish peculiar to' that portion of the
Itchen estuary. This locality in former times was so cele-
brated for its salmon fishery, that it is on record the appren-
tices of Southampton and Winchester had inserted in their
indentures that they were not to have salmon served at the
table more than three times per week. The Itchen river,
however, has lost much of its celebrity, and, owing to the
construction of certain locks on the estate of Mr. Fleming,
Wood-mill has for many years enjoyed the monopoly of the
salmon supply ; but such is the demand for this fish, that it
will fetch even higher prices than the famed Christchurch,
in the eyes of the epicures. The Fall is leased out to a
Mr. Miles, of this town, and it was under his superin-
tendence that the. dragging of the pond at the Wood Fall
took place.
Gay was the aspect of Southampton at the expected visit
of royalty. The leading hotels and houses were gaily deco-
rated with streamers; not a yacht or boat on the Southamp-
ton water was without its flag; all the vessels in the docks,
comprising the colossal West India, Alexandria, and Gibraltar
steamers, &c., and innumerable small craft, exhibited the
colours of every nation. The lichen estuary was covered
with boats filled with the population of Southampton. The
Northam-bridge was covered with spectators. From the town
itself parties were seen at an early hour hurrying in every
description of vehicle by land to Wood Mill, a delightful
ride of some four miles, by Portswood, with the picturesque
village of Bittern on the heights. Whether by water or by
land, the approaches to Wood Mill are charming. On the
wooded banks of the Itchen are noble oaks in rich profusion,
and cultivation is visible on all the plains. At noon, from
Netley Abbey to the docks, the river Itchen, and the
scene of action, Wood Mill, exhibited one continued line
of anxious visitors. At length the Fairy steamer was
hailed with the royal emblems, and a burst of cheering
announced that it had entered the estuary. The steamer
went up as far as Northam-bridge, and here the Queen and
his Royal Highness the Prince Consort, Prince Leiningen,
and the suite, entered the royal barges, which were rowed
up to Wood Fall. At a few minutes after two o'clock the
royal barge arrived at the salmon-leap. The scenery here
is quite romantic. There is the old English villa of the
Fleming family at South Stoneham, now in the occupation
of the Rev. Mr. Beckford, at the summit of a beautiful lawn
on the verge of a noble park. A wooden bridge over a fall
of water connected the stream with a kind of table-land, on
which were placed a couch and chair, for the royal visitors,
the turf being carpeted and matted. To the left of her
Majesty was the mill and the dam, and higher up was the
lock. A central sheet of water concentrated the salmon
riches of the Wood Mill. Her Majesty, who was attended
by Lady Caroline Cocks and the Hon. Miss Devereux,
re-
turne3 the greetings very graciously, and took her seat on
the sofa. We thought that the Queen was looking rather
pale. Her dress was a green and white check muslin, with
a slate-coloured silk polonaise. Prince Albert and Prince
Leiningen seemed to take much interest in the labours
of the fishermen, who, under the direction of Mr.
Miles, made a complete circle of the nets in the
pond, and then, as this circle was narrowed, the
nets were drawn up. The draw was by no means great
owing to the high tide, but some thirteen or fourteen fish
were caught, thrown into a tub and inspected by the Queen,
who retained three of the largest, and ordered the remainder
to be restored to the troubled water of the mill, an act of
emancipation for which they no doubt were grateful. Imme-
diately after the first drag of the nets, her Majesty returned
to the barge, and re-embarked in the Fairy steamer, below
Northam-bridge, for Osborne House, Isle of Wight.
As the visit of the Queen was strictly private, the authe-
' rities were not present officially. If the tide had not served
horses from the Dolphin Hotel were in readiness for the use
of her Majesty.
The Rev. Mr. Beckford very liberally opened the grounds
of South Stoneham-house, for the accommodation of the
ladies. A luncheon had been prepared for the royal visitors,
but the state of the tide rendered the return to the steamer
necessary as soon as the drag had taken place. T. Fleming,
Esq. (a brother of the owner of the property), the Rev. Mr.
Beader, the Rev. Mr. Beckford, &c., attended her Majesty
on her landing and departure. The weather was most
agreeable, and the only regret was that her Majesty did not
pass through the town, the loyal population of which greeted
her so enthusiastically this day.

ELECTION r_v•lf #VEMEN TS.
EDINBURGH.
RETURN OF MR. W. GIBSON CRAIG.
MONDAY.—The nomination of a candidate to fill up the
vacancy created by the appointment of Mr. William Gibson
Craig (now a Lord of the Treasury), took place here to-day.
Mr. Dunlop was solicited by the complete suffragists and a
small section of the Dissenters to come forward in opposition,
but having refused to be put in nomination at this time, Mr.
Craig was allowed to walk the course. Rumours existed,
however, that Mr. Ayton, advocate, would take the place of
Mr. Dunlop, even up to the hour of nomination. From 2,000
to 3,000 persons were present.
Dr. 111.s.crsaasass proposed Mr. Gibson Craig, and eulogised
his excellent business talents, his unswerving integrity and
independence, the purity of his public and private life, the
readiness of access he afforded to men of all parties and per-
suasions, and his earnest endeavours to promote the public
good on all occasions. In office he felt assured they would
find both in him and Mr. Macauley the same devotion of
their duty to their constituents, and the same earnest endea-
vour to promote the general welfare of the country, which
they had always so well shown as their representatives.—
(The worth doctor was repeatedly cheered in the course of
Ills address.) a
Mr. M. LOTHIAN seconded the nomination.
The SHERIFF (no other candidate having been put in no-
mination) declared Mr. William Gibson Craig duly elected.
Mr. GIBSON CRAIG returned thanks at some length, and
after stating that he regarded his re- election as a vote of
confidence in the present Government, referred to his vote on
the Maynooth grant. This subject, he was aware, created
much interest amongst the electors at the present moment.
This question (said the Hon. Gentleman) is the only one on
which, during the eight or nine years I have been in Par-
liament, I have had a difference with my constituents. Though
I did regret that difference, I do not regret the vote which
I gave, and I have nothing to retract.—(Applause). When
you had elected me, I had always voted for that grant to
Maynooth; and I stated to you that I should be guided in
every case by the principles of civil and religious toleration,
and with equal justice to all classes of her Majesty's subjects.
That grant I looked upon then, and I regard still, simply as
a grant for education ; and I do solemnly declare, that I
never have seen, and am not yet able to see, that there is one
atom, that there is one iota of principle involved in it. I see
around me, on this hustings, men of all religious persuasions
—men who are leaders of the different sects of religion to
which they belong. I find many of the most distinguished
members of the Free Church of Scotland—l find many
leading members of the Established Church—l find the
Lord Provost and other leading Dissenters—all coming
here to declare that they hold there is no principle in this
vote, several of whom have said that if they had had a vote
to give, they would have given it for this grant themselves.
—(Cheers.) When you have such a unanimous opinion from
men of all classes, men of the highest moral and religious cha-
racter, men of the most acuteness of mind, and some of them
the ablest lawyers in this city—l ask you whether this point
of principle does not resolve itself into a mere point of casu-
istry?—(Cheers.) I use that expression, I trust, without
offence, seeing it is impossible for me to look upon it other-
wise. Sir C. E. Smith has declared that he will not rescind
the vote to Maynooth, because he holds Maynooth to be one
of the establishments of the country.—(Rear, and a laugh.)
My Right Hon. Colleague and myself are not prepared to
rescind that vote either; but we ate also prepared not to go
farther. We are prepared to say that we will never vote for
the endowment of the Catholic priests, either out of the
funds of the State, or out of any appropriation from the eccle-
siastical revenues of the Irish Establishment. The Hon. Gen-
tleman then referred to the importance of promoting sana-
tory measures for the city of Edinburgh, and especially of
securing an abundant supply of water. To the annuity tax
he objected, but could not promise to sweep it away, unless
some feasible substitution were proposed. The Hon. Gentle.
man concluded by an earnest appeal to the electors to return
Mr. Macaulay as his colleague.
Mr. MACAULAY having been loudly called for, addressed
the electors. After dwelling on the merits of the Hon. Gen-
tleman whom they had just returned, he said, I have never
as you well know, been in the habit of resorting to claptraps
or vote traps.—(Laughter.) But this I do say, that if any
mitigation, any salutary change of the system under which
the clergy of Edinburgh are now paid, can be effected, I am
confident that it is by the advice of such men as those I now
see around me that there is the best chance of obtaining it.
Perhaps you will permit me, having discharged the duty of
congratulating you, to say a few words respecting myself. If
the opposition to me had been raised on any other grounds
than that on which it has been raised, I should not, on this
occasion, have come forward ; for if a large party had chosen
to oppose me, and yet if they supported my Hon. Friend on
the ground that his qualifications for his business, and his
local knowledse, were so greatly superior to mine—on the
ground that he, as your townsman, and as the son of one of
your most eminent townsmen, had peculiar claims upon your
favour, I would not have contested the correctness of such an
opinion. Most readily shall I admit that on every ground
but one my Hen. Friend's claims are superior to mine;
but on the particular ground on which I am opposed, I affirm
that we stand exactly on the same footing.—(Cheers.) I
would not have said this till my Hon. Friend was elected.
I would not have said so, while by pointing to this argu-
ment I would seem to be endangering his return ; but as
that is past all danger, I will ask you to observe what is the
relation betweea him whom you have unanimously re-
turned, and him for whom a poll is to be taken to-morrow.
Both of us voted for the Maynooth grant. Both of us voted
for it through every stage.—( Hear, hear.) That paper of
which so much has been said—that resolution, in which cer-
tain of the electors of Edinburgh said that they would never
again return a man who voted for the grant to Maynooth,
was sent to my Hon. Friend as well as myself. That reso-
lution was answered in the same manner. Both of us de-
clared that we could not change our opinions—that we
thought we were right, and that we thought the memo-
rialists were wrong, and that we would continue to vote as
we had done ; and we continued to vote as we had done
before. And now, I ask, is it principle that my Honourable
Friend should be returned unanimously, and that any of the
persons who acquiesced in returning him can consistently
oppose me ?—( Hear.) And observe particularly how absurd
this is, from the very nature of the opposition, because if it
were put on the ground of mere expediency everybody could
understand the principle of saying that we will drive the
nail as far as it would go, that we will keep out the weaker
candidate. That is all fair on the ground of expediency ;
but it is different when put on the ground of Christian
duty. Now, I put the point of Christian duty. Both candi-
dates have voted for the Maynooth grant. If it be upon
Christian duty that you are rejecting me, would not
Christian duty call upon you to oppose my Hon. Friend
whom you have allowed to be unanimously returned? This
is mere paltering with Christian duty.—(Cheers.) We stand
before you on the same footing in reference to the question.
We stand before you in respect to the Catholic priesthood
exactly on the same footing. Every word that I spoke in
the Music-hall my Honourable Friend afterwards adopted.
Every word that he has spoken to-day I now adopt.—
(Cheers.) The poll, which comes on to-morrow, I regard as
one of no common importance. It will be, I believe, the
single poll which will be taken on the occasion of the forma-
tion of the new Administration. If this great city, the
capital of Scotland, shall pronounce that she has confidence
in her Majesty's Government—if she shall pronounce that
she approves of a conciliatory spirit being followed towards
Ireland--if she shall pronounce that she is determined not to
insult and to oppress one-third part of the population of the
United Kingdom, she will render a great service to the cause
of good government and of civil and religious freedom.—
(Cheers.) The contrary result I will not permit myself to
anticipate. I believe that our victory is certain ; but it must
be your care to make it decisive. Let me entreat you to
remember that every vote is of consequence, not so much
because the event is doubtful, as because the majority will
produce an effect which will be felt all of over England and
Ireland.—( Cheers.) I have two requests to make—first,
that you will be early at the poll ; and, secondly, that if you
should see, as I hope you will see, that early in the day the
contest is not matter of doubt, you will not, on that account,
think you are dispensed from doing your duty. On Wed-
nesday, victorious or vanquished, I will meet you here again ;
for, be the result what it may, I will look you in the face
without shame.—(Cheers.) I trust, however. that I shall
come here to congratulate you on another triumph, and to
return you thanks similar to those which have been with so
much propriety, manliness, and eloquence, addressed to you
by my Hon. Friend.—(Cheers.)
Mr. Fox MAULE, in obedience to the loud calls of the
assemblage, addressed the electors. Had I the honour to
possess the franchise of the city of Edinburgh, there is no
man who would go to the poll to-morrow with a more
thorough conviction that he was doing that which was for
the benefit of this city, and of the country at large, than I
would have in voting for my Right Hon. Friend Mr. Macau-
lay,—(Cheers.) I cannot understand the nature of the oppo-
sition which has been given to my Right Hon. Friend. Had
it been on the subject of Maynooth, I might have been sup-
posed to have some sympathy with it; but it is not upon the
subject of Maynooth, otherwise that opposition would have ex-
tended to the Hon. Gentleman whom you have just returned
as your representative. And I cannot but believe and avow
that Maynoeth on this occasion has been made the stalking
horse of some paltry, miserable, mean feeling of a personal
nature towards my Right Hon. Friend.—(Great cheering.)
Why, if it had really been the case that Maynooth was the
subject of their opposition, would his opponents have brought
forward Sir C. E. Smith, who openly declares that, though
the endowment of Maynooth in the grant involved a vicious
principle, still he would continue to maintain it on the sta-
tute-book.—(Cheers.) I trust that to-morrow the citizens
of Edinburgh will show the feelings with which they regard
such conduct by putting my Right Honourable Friend at the
head of the polL The honour of your city is involved in
this question— the honour of Scotland is involved in this
question, and I stand here speaking in the character of one
belonging to the Free Church, and declare that the gratitude
and the honour of the Free Church is also involved in this
question. I tell those belonging to that Church that in all
matters concerning that body in which I have been engaged,
and with no little prominence, in Parliament, upon every
ce'cocrriaiolnsunp'ypeßrti,ght
and,H oinn. Frihaietndlahstasquvesotteidonwiwthhimche,lghivaedn
theme
honour to bring forward in which their interest was concerned
had the debate on that occasion resulted in a vote, my Right
Hon. Friend would have been found standing by my side.
I will not believe it till I see it recorded, that any Free
Churchman will be guilty of such ingratitude, as for private
consideration and personal views alone to desert him in
this moment of trial.—(Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, my Right
Hon. Friend has stated that this is the single solitary
instance of a contested election upon the return of Members
who have taken office under the present Government. I
regret that it should have occurred in this great and intel-
lectual city, but the only way to wipe out that stain is to
place Mr. Macaulay in an enormous majority—(Cheers)—to
proclaim in his favour the general opinion of a vast number
of this constituency, in order to prevent in future the recur-
rence of a similar event.—(Loud cheers.)
Mr. RUTHERFoRD, M.P., was next called for. He said, I
have never witnessed in the course of any election, a greater
abuse than the use which on this occasion has been made of
the principles and feelings of the Free Church.—(Hear,
hear.) Members of that Church have come forward, and
excited your feelings in the strongest degree to oppose
of both my Honourable Friends. Though
in respect, as they say, of the Maynooth grant, have
the re-election
they have relinquished that opposition as to one,
they still persevere in it as regards my other Honourable
Friend. Though I do not belong to the Free Church,
it enables me to reflect with great satisfaction upon
all I have been able to do in its service to find my Right
Hon. Friend (Mr. Maule) come forward in his own person
and disclaim, in the name of that body—of which I venture
to say he is one of its greatest ornaments—the scandalous
proceedings which have in their name been brought forward.
—(Cheers.) The principles and feelings of that Church,
which is based upon religious freedom, have been made the
ground of one of the most intolerant and oppressive proceed-
ings which I ever witnessed.—(Cheers.) My Right Hon.
Friend (Mr. Mauls) voted differently from me on the May-
nooth grant, but our difference of opinion and difference of
vote on that question did not, and I am sure never will, for
a moment interrupt not only that private friendship, nor
that feeling with which, in matters of public interest, we
have ever regarded each other.—(Loud cheers.) lie has
told you that if he had been one of the constituency of
Edinburgh be would have voted for Mr. Macaulay. I
thank him for having said so, and I should like to see
layman or any
forward
andreverend
eayth maattnheywhoresphresalleetdarheettteor
cat
lion may than he does the opinions of the Free Church, or

! that they are doing that which is more acceptable to tic
Free Church—or that they are acting more in accord-
ance with the principles of the Free Church, than those
who follow the example which my Right Hon. Friend would
have set, and will give their votes with the number who shall
form a cloud of witnesses that shall better establish the Free
Church than anything else could do, and shall prevent a
great severance of that most respectable and valuable party,
who testify that they will not let a slight difference of opinion,
even touching religious matters, trench upon that great
principle to which they owe their origin, and for which they
have borne so many privations and so many sacrifices,
namely, the great principles of civil and religious liberty and
freedom of opinion.—(Cheers.) I have had the very good
fortune to be returned by a constituency of whom I am an
unworthy representative--(Cries of "No, no")—without a
contest, and almost without any trouble. I therefore rejoice
with my Hon. Friend whom you have to-day returned, but I
only sympathise the more deeply with my Right Hon. Friend
(Mr. Macaulay), who has been put upon trial, and I only,
long the more ardently to see, since his opponents have sub-
jected him to a contest, how heavy their fall shall be.—
(Hear.) I fully believe that to-morrow and Wednesday
will put at once and for ever an end to this attempted
tvranny—the more intolerable from being maintained by an
abuse and prostitution of the name of the principles of free-
dom and religious liberty.

RICHMOND.
MONDAY EVENING.—The election for the borough of
Richmond, Yorkshire, took place this morning, when Henry
Rich, Esq., the late Member, who had vacated his seat, by
accepting the office of one of the Lords Commissioners of
her Majesty's Treasury, was re-elected without opposition.
The Hon. Gentleman briefly addressed the electors, and urged
the necessity of adopting a milder course of policy towards
Ireland than had hitherto been pursued. Alluding also to
the policy of the new Ministry with regard to timber, sugar,
and many other articles of consumption, he observed, that
protection in reference to them would share the same fate as
it had with respect to corn. The question of the revision of
the duties on these articles would receive the sedulous atten-
tien of the present Government. The Hon. Gentleman then '
referred to the address of Lord John Russell to the electors
of London, as indicative of the course which the Whig Mi-
nistry were about to pursue, and concluded by thanking
the assembled electors, assuring them, at the same time,
that he would do his utmost to promote a liberal policy- in
the administration of affairs in this country. Thanks were
then given to the Mayor, and the meeting separated. Mr.
Rich left immediately to return to London.