The Sun.
London, England, 1846-01-27 00:00:00

THE NEW REVOLUTION.
SUPPLEXWNT
_(GRATIS)
AM E

ILLUS'OtATViioNDON NEW

Will be pabliolikd 011 SAILTUBDAY, JAN. 31, 1846,
Containing a FULL REPORT of the New Measures proposed by Sir
ROBERT PEEL and the Speeches in the Debate, relative to these
important alterations in the Policy of the Government.
No measure ever proposed tit carried by any Administration ever
equalled the importance of the proposed REPEAL of the CORN-
LAWS, and other alterations in Custem Duties. These Government
proposals, if carried into effect as a law, will undoubtedly cause a
complete revolution in the social condition of the people of England,
far beyond any political changes ever effected in any country.
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LATEST FROM: AMERICA.
LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY.—By the arrival of the She-
nandoah, Captain West, at this port to-day, after a
voyage of twenty-one days from New York, we have
received papers from that city to the 3d inst. inclu-
sive. The news is therefore three days later than
before, and although not developing any new facts of
political importance, yet the papers contain much
comment of interest to English readers, chiefly aris-
ing from the course taken by Mr. Calhoun in the
Senate on the Oregon question, and in support of
the following resolutions, which hel proposed to the
House :
Resolved,—That the President of the United States
has power, "by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the
Senate present concur.'
Resolved,—That the power of making treaties em-
braces that of setting and fixing boundaries between the
territories and possessions of the United States and those
of other powers, in cases of conflicting claims between
them in reference to the same.

Resolved,—That however clear their claims may be,
in their opinion, to " the country included within the
parallels of 42 deg. and 54 deg. 40 min. north latitude,
and extending from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific
Ocean, known as the territory of Oregon," there now
exists, and have long existed, conflicting claims to the
possession of the same between them and Great Britain,
the adjustment of which has been frequently the sub-
ject of negotiation between the respective Govern-
ments.

Resolved, therefore,—That the President of the
United States has rightfully the power, under the Con-
stitution, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, provided that two-thirds of the Members concur,
to adjust by treaty the claims of the two countries to the
said territory, by fixing a boundary between the respec-

tive possessions.
Resolved,—That the President of the United States,
in renewing the offer, in the spirit of peace and compro-
mise, to establish the 49th degree of north latitude as a
line between the possessions of the two countries to the
said territory, did not " abandon the honour, the cha-
racter, and the best interests of the American people,"
. .

or exceed the power vested in him by the Constitution

to make treaties.

These resolutions, as our readers are aware, were
proposed in opposition to those of Mr. Hannegan,
which were of the following warlike character :
Resolved,—That the country included within the
parallels of 42 and 54, North Latitude, and extending
from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, known
as the territory of Oregon, is the property and part
and parcel of the United States.
Resolved,—That there exists no power in this Govern-
ment to transfer its soil and the allegiance of its citizens,
to the dominion, authority, control and subjection of any
' foreign power, prince, state, or sovereignty.
Resolved,—That the abandonment or surrender of
any portion of the territory of-Oregon would be an
abandonment of the honour,character, and the best inte-
rests of the American people.
Mr. Calhoun prefaced the introduction of his reso-
lutions by the following speech :
Mr. Calhoun said he did not rise to oppose this mo-
tion, but to request that the Senate would permit him
to make a few prefatory remarks before submitting the
amendments he intended to move to the resolutions now
rt.oPthreessiedernestocsuatiidonhseA, tahmougvehryl cmainienhotggrialeifimed
before the Senate.
v
my sup-
-1 porMt
Ii they have been moved by the Senator from Indiana.
il Whatever objections there may be to them, they have
': at least the merit of being direct, open, and manly. They
I deny, in direct terms, the authority of this Government
II to make a treaty in reference to the Oregon territory,
'e and denounce, as I understand them,
~ by imnutption.
IGovernment to settle the boundary by a division along
the 49th parallel of north latitude. If the Senate
-should support these resolutions, it is clear that the
.question can only be settled thereafter by force of arms;
• and should this be the case, and a war be commenced ,
! , between this country and Great Britain, no peace can
ever take place between the two countries but by our 1
ion dic-
•t t* at the cannon's mouth.
,• a
' Mr. President, the vote upon these resolutions will
,draw a broad line, which cannotlbe misunderstood, be •
tween those who are in favour of settling the question
.by an appeal to arms, and those in favour of settling
the question by a pacific course. I myself am
in favour of a more pacific course—of an adjustment
if possible, by negotiation.; and under these views and
impressions, Mr. President, I have prepared a series of
resolutions antagonistical to those of the Senator from
Indiana, and asserting the opposite principles, which I
propose to move by way of amendment to the resolu-
tions of the Senator, and ask also that they be printed.
I think it is a proper occasion for avowing the send-
' ments which I entertain upon this subject. I am for
peace, if peace can be honourably preserved. lam in
- favour of adjusting the difficulty, if it can be adjusted,
by negotiation ; if it cannot be adjusted by negotiation,
:I am in favour of that course to be pursued by this Go-
vernment which shall throw the onus of a war from our
shoulders upon Great Britain. I approve of the course
. taken by this Government in offering the 49th parallel,
-.under all the circumstances of the case, as the boun-
.dary. I believe that the desire of the Executive is, like
•my own, for peace—for an honourable peace ; but if an
;honourable peace cannot be preserved, if we are to have
'war, I will stand by my country in every emergency.
lI shall never be found antagonist to her, though over-
; ruled by those who take an opposite view from my own.
:But should a war take place, it is not going to be an
o rdinary war ; and while I will give every support to
1 n ly country. I will hold those responsible who rashly
p recipitate the country into a war. Sir, on a deliberate
v iew of the question, I hope that whenever it comes
fi iirly before the Senate for discussion, we shall discuss
i't in the calmest manner, and when its true grounds are
a learly seen and understood, we shall come to the con-
e] lusion to avert a war if possible ; but if not, that we
al iall be united as one man in support of the country.
Mr. Calhoun, in again rising to reply, said he rose
b 3 allude to a single remark which applied to himself
p srsonally. The Senator from Indiana had endeavoured
tc ' draw a contrast between his (Mr. C.'s) course upon
tli e Texas question, and his course upon this. The
vi ews which governed me (said Mr. C.) upon that ques-
tit in, govern me also upon this. I pursued, in reference
to Texas, what I conceived to be the best course. If I
sc ted boldly and promptly on that occasion, it was be-
cite use boldness and promptness were necssary to success.
It was the golden opportunity ; and one year's delay
-would have lost Texas to us for ever. If lam for more
deliberate measures on this occasion, it is not because I
am zot a friend to Oregon. On the contrary, Oregon
las no better friend than myself ; there is no one who
would venture more to save it. But it is asked why Ido
'not pursue the same course of action as in regard to
)Texas. If the gentleman will refer to my remarks in
1843, be will find that the views which governed me
then are the same with those which govern me now.
I believe that precipitancy will lose you Oregon for ever '
no, not for ever ; but it will lose you Oregon in the
rst struggle, and then it will require another struggle
hereafter, when we become stronger, to regain it.
I will not go into this question now; I am prepared,
aohen it comes up for discussion, to show, if argument
mei show, that the principles involvedill in those
present resolu-
dons, so far from gaining Oregon,
i lose every inch of that territory; and it is on that ac-
count, as much from the fear of losing Oregon as from
the desire of avoiding war, that I have proposed amend-
urents to the Senator's resolutions. Sir, if my advice
w for the
1 'had been pursued we should never have been involved
din this controversy at all. I now act upon circumstances
.not produced by myself, and I will do the best I can to
s ave the territory of Oregon, which I hold as valuable
at ; the Senator from Indiana himself can do. If you in-
st itute a comparison between Oregon and Texas, I
w ould say that the former is as valuable to us as the
la, tter, and I would as manfully defend it. If the Sena-
tot • and myself disagree, we disagree only as to the
me, Ins of securing Oregon, and not as to its importance.
Sir, I intend to say nothing about censuring the Presi-
dents I simply said that, by implication, a censure would
be cm. , veyed. Ido not suppose that the Senator intends
to refle, et upon the President; but there can be no dif-
ference, as far as this question is concerned, between the
time when the proposition for a division tat the forty-
ninth paraillel was made and now. It was as sensible
then, as it wculd be to repeat the offer now.
He (Mr. Cain oun) was no greater advocate for the
ae quieition of territory in the south than in the north.
Tine Hon. Senator was perfectly aware of his sentiments
ut ion this subject. Whilst he was a Member of Mr.
M onroe's Cabinet he had always been averse to disturb
th, 1 possession of Spain in Cuba ; he was so now ; he
w. 3 old be the last man to make such a movement. When
tins proper time should arrive, and this subject be
brass ight up for discussion, he thought he would be able
to s how, beyond all doubt, that the reasons which
gover. tied him upon the Texas question, governed him
also moon this question ; and that if there was any dif-
fermute between the Senator and himself, it was only as
to the Theo.ns to be employed in effecting the same result.
H e desired more particularly to make some remarks in
re ference to the observations of the Senator from Dela-
w' are. He assured the Senator that he was as much
av erse to forcing a discussion as the Senator himself
cot .1d be ; but he thought the Senator was entirely mis-
tak, en in supposiug that this was not a case in which the
Sea ate was not called on to exercise the right of discus-
sion and of action. With great deference for the °pie