The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-16 00:00:00

REPEAL ASSOCIATION OF IRELAND.

" The committee deem it right that the Association should,
by adopting this report, assert once more its entire indepen-
dence of any newspaper circulating in any part of Great
Britain or Ireland. The Association should disclaim, and
does disclaim in the most emphatic manner, any conformity
upon the part of the Association with, or any species of re-
sponsibility for the lucubrations or opinions set forth by any
newspaper whatsoever.
" The Association does not only not participate in, but
neither demands or exercises any control over the senti-
ments expressed by any of the journals, whether those senti-
ments be the result of folly or of wisdom, of caprice or of
patriotism. The blame in each case, if any be deserved, or
'the praise, if any be merited, bcflongs exclusively to the
writers for those papers, and does not attach, in. any degree,
to the Association.
TsilLeucldomcamllitttheee
attention
tdioenemofitthime pcoorantatnrtythtoattliheprincipleAssocia-
tione
on which the Association is founded, and to the utility of
having that principle distinctly understood in every part of
the British islands. It is the principle of seeking the ame-
lioration of political institutions by peaceable and legal
means alone, disclaiming and abhorring all attempts to im-
prove and augment constitutional liberty by means of force,
violence, or bloodshed.

"There are already upon record the following declarations
and resolutions of the Repeal Association :
"41. The basis of the Repeal Association was laid on the
15th of April, 1840. The following were the first three pro-
positions constituting such basis:--
"' 1. Most dutiful and ever inviolate loyalty to our most
gracious and ever-beloved Sovereign Queen Victoria, and
her heirs and successors for ever.
" 2. The total disclaimer of, and the total absence from
all physical force, violence, or breach of the law ; or, in
short, any violation of the laws of man, or the ordinances of
the eternal God, whose holy name be ever blessed.
" 3. The only means to be used are those of peaceful, legal,
and constitutional combination of all classes, sects, and per-
suasions of her Majesty's loyal subjects; and, the power of
public opinion, concentrated upon most salutary, and always
legal, means and objects.'
" The rules of the association were adopted at the same
meeting, and amongst them were the following rules :
"4 17th. The sole and exclusive means of the objects we
desire to attain are by argument, reasoning, the concentra-
tion of public opinion, the peaceable and constitutional com-
bination of the Irish people, and by petitions to the Legisla-
ture, and finally by legislation.

" 18th. That any person who shall violate the law in any
particular, in doing or purporting to do the business of the
association, is hereby declared to be no longer a member, and
that he shall be expelled so soon as the fact is discovered.'
"An address was on 21st April, 1840, voted to the people of
Ireland on the subject of the repeal rent. That address was
circulated throughout the Irish nation, and in it are to be
found the following paragraphs :
" The only modes of action which we would advise or as-
sist in, must be, in their nature, legal and constitutional, and
in their operation always tranquil, peaceable, and totally de-
void of violence or outrage of any kind whatsoever.
" We resort only to moral force—to the power of public
opinion—to the concentration of legal and peaceable combi-
nation—to the presentation of petitions signed by millions—
and the influence of such petitions to obtain the legislative
enactment we desire.'

"Another address was voted by the Repeal Association, on
October 2, 1840, and circulated throughout the entire island.
"This latter address was adopted and published in reply
to a speech made by Lord Ebrington to the late Corporation.
It contains the following passages amongst others :
"' His Excellency, Lord Ebrington, openly and firmly de-
clares his total disbelief of the possibility of the repeal being
carried by legal and constitutional means, at the same time
acknowledging that the advocates of that measure are not
seeking it by means of any other description.
" He openly and firmly declares his conviction of evil
consequences to Ireland, were the repeal of the Union
effected.

---:711e openly and firmly declares his determination to put
down, by the strong arm of the law, all endeavours to carry
the repeal by other than the most perfectly legal and consti-
tutional means.

"'And he expresses finally his strong assurance that a
great majority of the Repealers themselves would join with,
and support him in measures of coercion, should these be ren-
dered necessary by any breach of the law in the agitation for
repeal.'

‘" We are as firmly and as fully convinced of the good that
would result to both countries from the repeal of the union,
as Lord Ebrington can be of the contrary, and we are of
course perfectly convinced of the practicability of its being
carried.

"'We are as firmly determined to use no other than legal
and constitutional means to effect that repeal, as he can be
to prevent the adoption of means of a violent and illegal
character.

"His Excellency may be most fully confident that he will
find us Repeaters foremost in supporting and vindicating the
cause of peace, law, and order,' for this plain reason, fellow
countrymen, if for no other—

" ' That we are convinced that nothing bnt the breaking of
the law by the advocates of repeal, can ever prevent the glo-
rious accomplishment of that glorious measure.
"An address to the people of England was passed at a meet-
ing of the Loyal National Repeal Association, held on Mon-
day, the 16th November, 1840. This address, after stating
our objects, went on in the following words :
" We seek those ends by peaceable and legal means alone
—by meetings constitutionally, legally, and peacefully as-
sembled and conducted, by petitions to Parliament respect-
fully though firmly worded—above all, by labouring to re-
turn proper representatives.
"'The Chartists advocate the use of the torch and the
dagger, physical force instead of moral, aud, in too many
a case, their stormy and seditious meetings only to sell
themselves at the hustings to the highest bidder. It was the
refusal of the Irish people to join with such as these that has
chiefly contributed to procure for that people the hostility of
the bulk of your radical papers'
" 'On the subject of the Chartist movement, certain reso-
lutions were unanimously adopted at a meeting of the Repeal
Association, held, on Monday, the 13th September, 1841. The
last resolution passed on that occasion was in the following
terms :

"' Lastly. The Repealers will as little risk the danger as
endure the contamination of Chartist violence. Leading
Chartists have proclaimed the torch and dagger as
adjuncts to their agitation—leading Chartists have ap-
peared in open battle array against the Queen's
troops; and now that the leaders of that insurrec-
tion have been, upon the merits, convicted of high treason,
although deprived of the benefit of a point of law, yet though
the conviction was upon the merits, these leaders are cried
up as martyrs by the Chartists. Their names are invoked
with applause at their public meetings, and thus Chartism
becomes united with high treason.
" The peaceful, temperate, moral, and loyal Repealers of
Ireland can have no connexion with practical Chartism'
"Another address to the people of Ireland was voted

INTERESTING STATISTICS FOR
WHEAT-GROWERS AND MILLERS.
The following from the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser
of June 11, possesses some interesting facts for the atten-
tion of the wheat-growers and millers :
The decline in prices of flour and wheat this spring
has been the source of disappointment to a great many
who operated last winter at very high rates, calculating
upon large profits to be now realised, and as it appears
that those views are entirely frustrated, a calm
view into the causes, at this particular juncture, may
not perhaps come amiss. After last harvest, the crop
of wheat was ascertained to be a very large one, and
almost every individual engaged in the trade looked for
the ruling of low prices, unless something occurred to
create an extra foreign demand. Shortly afterwards we
began to receive accounts from England of the probable
failure of the crops there, which immediately gave a
spur to prices, and purchases were made for shipment
to that quarter—advices continuing to be received con-
firmatory in that respect, speculation started, until
prices ran up in New York to 7 dole. per bbl. for flour.
It appears that rate could not be continued (although
many anticipated 8 dols to.lo dols.) and why ?—a few
figures will show.
The annual average crops of wheat in Great Britain
for the past' few years, has been equal to 20 millions of
quarters of 8 imperial bushels of 70 lbs. According to
all well-informed sources, the crop of wheat there last
year was ascertained, shortly after harvest, to be about
19 millions of quarters, requiring one million of qrs. to
be received from other countries to make up said defi-
ciency. The crops on the continent being rather short
of previous years, this country was naturally looked to
for what supplies Great Britain stood in need of ; hence
the continued shipments to that quarter even up to the
present time. Now what is the state of matters there?
By last advices received from that quarter, per " Hiber-
nia," the quantity of wheat and flour under lock or in
bond, in the United Kingdom, made up to the sth of
April, is thus shown:
Wheat 1,227,374 quarters.
Flour 940,871 cwt.—reduced
to wheat will equal 330,000 quarters—making total of
wheat upwards of 1,500,000 quarters-50 per cent. more
than their actual deficiency. The above stock in bond
has been accumulating since, and it would not be sur-
prising if the quantity increased to near two millions of
quarters, before any would be released, which is alto-
gether awaiting the action of Parliament on the New
Corn Bill.
Our crop of wheat last season no doubt was the largest
ever gathered in this country. The Commissioner of
Patents, who has for a number of years collected statis-
tical information of such things, puts it down to about
106 millions of bushels, but that is evidently below the
quantity; 120 millions would be nearer the mark. With
our population of 20 millions of inhabitants, the
Consumption would be equal to 90,000,000 bush.
Add for seed
Would leave for export 20,000,000 "
The quantity left over of the previous crop is not
taken in the estimate, as such may average about the
same from one crop to another. The number of bushels
put down for export, it will be perceived, is about double
of what Great Britain required (say ten millions of
bushels of 601bs.)—our ordinary export demand seldom
coming up to ten millions of bushels, or 2,000,000 bbls
flour. Present indications show that the above esti-
mate of the crop in this country is not far, if at all, out
of the way.
The whole error, therefore, has been, that parties did
not look far enough to see what Great Britain actually
wanted, (as that was the only source we could expect to
carry off our extra surplus), but went blindly into it, an-
ticipating that they would never be able to send enough
there—and because she required a small quantity, a
larger amount must necessarily follow. Some would
probably say that the failure of the potato crop in Ire-
land would require an extra consumption of flour. The
difficulty in that respect, with the poor peasantry of that
country was their deficiency of means to purchase such
an article of food—and if any one would take the pains
to examine the English papers, they would find
evidence of this in the continual arrival of wheat, &c. at
the different ports in England, from the very famished
districts in Ireland. No, they went on the coarser
articles, such as peas, beans, oatmeal, &c., of which there
is an abundance. Again, since the spring has opened, ,
arrivals have taken place in England, from the Baltic
and other ports on the Continent, of wheat, notwith-
standing the talk of the great scarcity there also.
Prices will now entirely depend on our next crop (for
it is apprehended shipments to England are pretty much
at an end for the time being) which, to all appearance
will be large—if not larger than the last—fur the high
prices last fall no doubt stimulated farmers to put in
greater breadth of ground, in conjunction with which
nothing has as yet appeared mat( rially to affect its yield;
hence low prices must necessarily ensue, unless we have
another famishing country to supply perspectively, and
get up speculation with its unhappy results, such as
are now experienced.

SINGULAR MODE OF CATCHING

ALLIGATORS.
The intrepid fisherman killed a sucking-pig, and ran a
moderately thick stick through the entire length of the
body, which he cut open. To the middle of this stick he
attached an iron chain, eight or ten feet long, by means
of a cramp, and then further elongated the chain by
fastening a cord to it. Armed with two strong barbed
iron lances, he went on board his light canoe, and put
out a short distance from the shore, while we remained in
the hut watching his proceedings with great interest and
curiosity. At a venture he threw the pig into the river,
and scarcely a minute had elapsed ere a pair of enormous
widely-extended jaws rose above the surface and quickly
disappeared with the treacherous prize. The fisherman
took advantage of this moment to fasten the end of the
rope to his canoe, and also to attach his two lances by
long ropes to the boat. The voracious animal soon de-
voured his booty and drew the boat, which of course fol-
lowed his every movement, first to one side of the river
and then to the other, always seeking for the deepest
water. The rope being continually drawn tighter and
tighter, the alligator darted with great violence above
the surface, whereupon the negro vigorously thrust the
lance at his head, and the monster again dived. Certain
of approaching victory, he stood calmly, with uplifted
lance, watching for an opportunity of throwing it again
whenever his adversary might rise above the sur-
face. We were much astonished at the man's patient
assiduity, for there was once a pause of half an hour
during which the animal did not appear, but as he
gradually became weaker he rose more frequently,
and at last always with his jaws wide open.
The numerous wounds inflicted by the lance, and
consequent loss of blood, so completely exhausted the
poor alligator that he had great difficulty in drawing the
boat after him; but suddenly collecting all his remain•
ing strength, he pulled the boat on one side with such
violence that the fisherman fell into the water. In an
instant, he dexterously flung himself into the boat, and
continued to strike his antagonist with his harpoon.
The combat lasted nearly an hour and a half, when the
alligator yielded without resistance to the superior force
of the negro, who gradually brought his boat alongside
of us, and then suddenly leaping on shore fastened the
rope to a cocoa-palm in front of his hut. He then fear-
lessly approached the animal, which was nearly covered
with water, and deprived him of all possibility of escape
several deep wounds. Life was notpilipyt

Lest I should irove tedious, I pass over many amus-
ing, and some interesting incidents that occurred in the
progress of this negotiation. No sooner, howavr, had
Mr. Polk discovered what would satisfy the British Go-
vernment, than he determined to accede to their views..
But, in the meantime, he kept many of his friends, and
those who imagined they possessed his confidence, in a
state of ignorance as to his ulterior views. In casual,
loose conversations, he uttered, or caused to be uttered,
the declaration, that he should make no further proposi-
tions to the British ; and if they proposed any thing short
of " Fifty-four forty" he should decline acting, and sub-
mit the question to the Senate. At length the proposi-
tion from Great Britain came. It was submitted to the
Senate, and they advised the negotiation of a treaty
(non the basis proposed, which treaty was promptly ra-
tified.
And now let us inquire, what object had the Presi-
dent in view when he- asked the advice of the Senate ?
Was it to obtain their opinion as to the proposed treaty?
Certainly not ; for Mr. Polk knew, and everybody
knew, that more than two-thirds of the whole Senate
were in favour of such a treaty as that proposed. What
then was the object ? It was to cast from his own-
shoulders all responsibility, and to leave it with the
Senate. It was to seek a shelter under the wing of that
honourable body from the slow moving finger of scorn.
Butenough ; the work is done, and well done.
One word more as to the President. It is his duty to
negotiate treaties. From the performance of that duty
he has shrunk. In so doing he has violated the consti-
tution. He has surrendered the rights and the duty of
the Executive to a co-ordinate branch of the Govern-
ment—the Senate_ The surrender, although made to a
noble and glorious band of statesmen and patriots, yet
the act itself humbles in the dust the Executive-that
made the sacrifice.

Will you allow me to make a short extract from my
letter of the 11th of December, 1845, written a few
days after Mr. Polk's war message to Congress, at the
opening of the session ? My object is to show you that
at that early day I understood the President and his
adherents, and that in my speculative opinions on the
subject of peace or war I have neither led you nor your
readers into error.
In that letter, speaking of the President.'s message
and public opinion thereon. I say—
" The great difference between the Administration
party and the Whig party is, that the former, with-
out regard to the morality of the question, are -for
a war, unless the whole of the Oregon is surren-
dered to the United States, believing that the terri-
tory is within their grasp. The Whigs, on the
other hand, admit that there is some right in the
British Government to claim a portion of the ter-
ritory ; and that portion, be it more or less, they
wish amicably settled between the parties on the prin-
ciples of morality and justice. . . . They (the
Whigs) will do all that a patriotic and honest class of
citizens can, and ought to do, to avert the threatened
calamity; but it must be recollected that the control of
this question is not in their hands. The British Govern-
ment ought not, therefore, to permit a false pride to
lead them astray from the path to which both wisdom
and policy point as the path to peace and prosperity.
And now, influenced by a most sincere desire for the
peace of the two countries, and their mutual welfare and
prosperity, I do respectfully recommend that Great
Britain, offer the proposition made by Mr. Gall
" That the Ministry offer to the
.Unlted Statesatin ;
etohr,
tBl
Island, &c.,
retaintoethger with the de-
-tta9othhepdatrearlrlietlortoy,th ir,..
snecao'u vGea
e;' s Is a
free navigation of the Columbia _River for merchant
vessels.

tetahhitveeeit this
tsiahsucegGegeaoeppvstpteairrnoonenbmeafeotrinfootnimt would
it, sot
haheuAmmbleeria
preven-
tivethee a l‘poiefoffer..llowpoal per i.,11::Ii
trust
rsurers
receive
he
source will be no objection to the consideration of it. I
will not enlarge, and will only add, it has not been made
without due reflection and advice."
If these suggestions, made nearly seven months since,
are closely examined and compared with the treaty re-
cently ratified, it will be seen that in writing the letter
orparreptyreisnenthteisd
ctohuencthrya,-
raabcotveer qaunodt epdo,l
ilcyn eoi
ft ht
he re
nor the feelings and wishes of its people.
1 nd
oi smt oi
no ak n nor
having extended this letter to a greater length than
usual, and the feeble state of my health pressing heavily
upon me, I am warned that I must bring it to a hasty
conclusion.

Major-Generals Scott and Gaines are in trouble.with
the President. They are both in Washington. The
difficulty of the former arises out of his entertaining and
expressing suspicion that leading men in power wero
intriguing against him. The charge against General
Gaines is, that he assumed, illegally, responsibilities
which he had no right to assume. The Administration
will probably carry on the war against these military
men with great ,asperity. Mr. Polk never forgives an
injury, real or imaginary.
The climate and the roads will probably prevent any
great movement by General Taylor until late in Sep-
tember or early in October. Besides, it is absolutely
pecessary, before moving, that he should have large
depots of provisions, to effect which extensive means of
transportation are required, which have not yet been
provided.

_
By the latest accounts from Mexico, it appears, that
the Mexican Government are not yet prepared to seek a
peace, but are arranging to defend their country.--
Times. A GENEVESE TRAVELLER,

COUNT D'ORSAY.—Eugene Sue has recently published
a new romance, entitled " Martin ; ou, l'Enfant Trouv4," the
eloquent dedication of which, to Count D'Orsay, is expressed
is follows :—" Accept, my dear Alfred, this work as a testi-
mony of the long-continued friendship, and of the sincere
affection I entertain towards you; for you, the painter and
friend of Byron, one of whose immortal pages has been de-
voted to the celebration of the nobleness of your heart, and of
the brilliancy of your genius; for you, whose powerful and
accurate chisel has sculptured on marble the figure of Napo-
leon; for you, whose singular generosity has enriched our
national museum with one of the most wonderful productions
of Indian art ; for you, in fact, the founder of that charitable
institution, in which every Frenchman, when poor and sepa-
rated from his country, may find at least a temporary aid an
succour. Adieu, my dear Alfred; rely ever on the sincerity
of
mmyr:acffoecotki on
had. ra,
nu ciiEnNteErSviuetw.—yßesoterdredsa,yJuwniett2othivat.;.
cellor of the Exchequer.