The Sun.
London, England, 1833-01-15 00:00:00

MR. BANIM.

(From the Times.)
We recur to the melancholy subject of Mr.
Banim, whose case appears to us, we say it un-
affectedly, to constitute as strong an appeal to
the enlightened and benevolent as it has ever
been our lot to recommend to their compassion.
The subjoined extract of a letter from Mr.
Banim to a person of distinguished station and
merit, will explain some facts connected with his
deplorable condition, and will demonstrate how
far he is from having himself contributed to his
affecting fate by any reprehensible or even inju-
dicious conduct. His has been a life of manly
industry, and of humble domestic virtue. There
is in this afflicted son of genius no "offence that
smells rank to Heaven." There is nothing to
lament but his unforeseen—and save that we
are all sinners—his undeserved misfortunes. We
owe it to Mr. Banim to announce, that in the
very letter of which we now present the extract,
he asks relief but as a loan, and proffers what
there is reason to suppose would be a valid secu-
rity for its repayment. Should the sum required
be immediately raised by subscription, which we
hope and trust it will be, the terms of this pro-
posal of repayment shall be made known to the
subscribers, as Mr. Banim has himself commu-
nicated them. Until then, in the exercise of
what we deem a sound discretion, his friends are
desirous to withhold it. A committee is form•
ing, and in two or three days the names com-
posing it may be made public, when all inqui-
ries on the subject of Mr. Banim will be fully
satisfied. In the mean time we repeat that
Messrs. Hoare and Hopkinson will receive sub-
scriptions ; as will also Messrs. Smith, Elder,
and Co., publishers, 65, Cornhill.

" Nov. 28, 1832.

" Sir,—Your generous letter to me on a former
occasion is my sole inducement to address you now
upon, literally, the question of my life or death.
" Friends, among whom were my physicians,
have kindly suggested some such application as the
present on their own part ; but there are certain
avowals which I prefer making in my own person.
" When I had last the honour of writing to you,
I was engaged on two works, from which I had
been promised results sufficient to re-establish my
independence—on a novel, The Dwarf Bride; the
ether a drama, The Conscript's Sister. When the
first was nearly completed, my publisher (Mr.
Cochrane), Waterloo-place, became a bankrupt,
and legal advice induced inc to lay it by, and begin
three other volumes ; of these I finished two (one
tale in two volumes), and was proceeding with the
third volume, when I took the cholera, and had a
relapse.
" The consequent loss of time and increased ex-
pense pressed me to dispose of these two volumes.
No regular novel publisher would treat for less than
three volumes, and I was glad to dispose to Mr.
Leitch Ritchie, for his forthcoming Library of
Romance,' the tale in question, at a very low rate ;
meantime, my Conscript's Sister ran at the English
Opera every night till the close of the season ; bur,
owing to the necessities of the manager, brought me
nothing. I then set to work on other things, until
struck down in such a manner that my medical ad-
visers interdicted mental exertion for some time, at
the peril of loss of life (I refer to their certificates),
though with very good hopes, that if allowed rest,
freedom from troubles, and change of climate, I
should rally, and be able to go on. The malady
which now so sorely afflicts me has been creeping on
me the last ten years, ever since I was 23 (I am not
yet 31)—the result of too much labour. In truth,
of more than 20 known volumes I have written, and
of treble their quantity of matter in periodicals
within the ten years alluded to,no three pages have
been penned free of bodily torture; which at last
ends in depriving me (temporarily, my physicians
say, should this application succeed), of the use of
my limbs and brains.
" Under these circumstances, with their inevi-
table consequences, not only want of present and
future funds, but heavy debts, incurred through sheer
necessity, my literary friends, French and English,
advise me to solicit temporary aid from those fa-
voured individuals of my country who are known
(as you are) for literary eminence, or as adur rers
and patrons of literature, and to whom at the same
time, it has pleased God to afford the means (with-
out inconveniencing themselves) of saving for Isis
family the life of a man who is considered, by, per-
haps, too partial friends, to have some claims on
national sympathy and protection. The groureN
assumed by those friends to justify so flattering an
expectation are as follows :—The circulation of my
books through the United Kingdom; their re-
printing in America; their having been translated
into French and German ; and their uniform politi-
cal tendency, viz., the formation of a good arid
affectionate feeling between England and Ireland.
In my own name I add, that until the hand of
Heaven visited me, I am conscious of having passed
from early youth, a life of industry, always with a
view to independence. For instance (and I quote
facts easily ascertainable), that at 17, I oht,ined
the first prize as the first draughtsman in the Dub-
lin Academy of Arts; that at 19 I wrote into wide
circulation a Whig journal (the Leinster Journal)
in my native city, Kilkenny; that at 21 I received
a vote of thanks from a general meeting of the ar-
' lists of Ireland, for my advocacy with the Irish Go-
vernment of their demands for an incorporated
academy which they now possess; that at 22 I
produced a successful tragedy, Damon and
Pythias, at Covent-garden; that at 25 I was
known at least as a national novelist, even
though of an humble order, to European litera-
ture; and that since that period I have written
rwenty successful novels and five successful dramas.
And I trust respectfully that you will not considee
this mere idle boast, but rather as a proof of my
deep and conscientious anxiety to show that no ha-
bitual want of the pride of independence forces me
now before you.

My friends suggest to me to add, that they
consider me called on to make known my position,
in order to afford to the affluent protectors of litera-
ture the opportunity of saving me from death, in
poverty, and from the misfortune of not having
known in time how much might have been accom.
puished for my family and myself by a prompt ap-
peal to their generosity.
" It becomes necessary to explain within what
time my urgent necessities require effectual relief.
During the two years and a half of I trust unme-
rited disappointment., I am in debt 4001.; this I
must settle before Christmas, or, in my present
state of health, go to prison. A further sum will
be required for travelling hence, and living two
years in a favourable climate, every step increasing
the expenses of an helpless invalid; but this latter
sum would not be absolutely necessary till early
next spring, before which time I am not advised to
leave Boulogne. For immediate necessities, Mrs.
Banim would now thankfully accept a part of the
first-named sum, as she leaves home without a franc
in the house, and borrowing the tr. o iey for her
journey. And now, Sir, in conclusion, if I have
not minutely described my melancholy teelings on
this occasion, or sufficiently expressed my sense of
the very great trouble to which I expose you by
this application, believe me it is not for a want of
understanding my own position, or of duly
estimat-
ingyours.-1 have the honour to be, &c.
" JOHN BANISI-"

A CURIOSITY.—Mr. H. 11. KANDERSON,
of the Boot and Shoe Inn, Wood-street, L-eds, has nt.w
in his possession a sovereign which was found in ti
" bag" of a young heifer which was slaughtered in W 0.1..
street on Tuesday. The animal Was only a year arLi a
half old, and was bought in the Croq Market on
the morning of that day for two sovere'grts, to that the
purchaser has made a pretty good bulain.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

It has been long understood that English law
is the "perfection of reason," at least by English
lawyers. In a celebrated six hours' speech, the
present Lord Chancellor Brougham, when a
Member of the House of Commons, endeavoured
to disturb that opinion, so long and so well
established at the bar. He, in fact, attempted
to show, and some of the " unlearned" Members
of the Legislature thought his proofs unanswer-
able, that many things which are law are neither
reason nor common sense, nor good policy, nor
justice. In an unreformed House of Corn-
mons, however, the quiver of sarcasm was ex-
hausted in vain as to any very important practical
results, and the " perfection of reason" still con-
tinues to maintain its close alliance with what
the human mind, uninitiated in legal mysteries,
might easily suppose to be the " perfection of
absurdity." We formerly unfolded to public
admiration a good deal of the peculiar
excellence of the modern system of spe-
cial pleading. A little of its luxuriance has
been lately pruned, but still the redundant
jargon of this " occult science" is quite suffi-
cient, in a great proportion of the business
of our Courts, to conceal the real merits of
the case from the investigation of Judges and
Juries, and to present in their place to the eye
of justice nothing but the quirks and quiddities
of the law, those scintillations of I, perfect rea-
son." But it is not in special pleading alone
that this mystical excellence consists. There
are judicial decisions which, of course, consti-
tute law, which are equal to anything in the
logical deductions of " Crowner's Quest" law,
as celebrated in the play of Hamlet. Judge
Buller, a great luminary of the Bench, once
held that a man who made a tender to another.
to whom he owed money, of a few shillings more
than his debt, did not tender the sum due. In
logic it is understood that the greater quantitt
contains the less. Accordingly logicians would
say that the man who offered another foul
pounds and a few shillings over, when he only
owed him four pounds, had, in fact, offered the
four pounds due. Bu what is sound in logic is
not always good in law. It was only yesterday
that a rule was applied for in the King's Bencl
for a new trial, and the rule granted upon the
following point :—The plaintiff sued the de•
fendant for 20/. ; the defendant pleaded a tender
to that amount, which would have barred the ac-
tion. The Jury having heard all the evidence on
both sides, relative to the tender, were of opinion
that the defendant had tendered not the bare
debt of 20/. to the plaintiff, but the sum of
20/, 9s. 6d. A point of law was now raised.
whether a tender of the latter sum was in law,
as well as in fact and logic, a tender of the
former. One of the Learned Judges asked why
the plaintiff, knowing he was tendered more than
his debt, did not take the debt out of it and
leave the remainder? All their Lordships seemed.
indeed, to desire to reconcile the law with the
fact, if the " authorities" would allow them.
and to have an inclination to rule that he who
tendered- another 20/. 9s. 6d., did on the prin•
ciple of the greater sum containing the less.
tender him 20/. But the law was peremptory.
The " Judge-made" law of Mr. Justice Buller
having established that 4/. 19s. 6d. did
.not
contain 4/. 9s. 6d., a rule was granted calling on
the defendant to show cause why there should
not be a new trial, on the ground of his having
tendered the plaintiff more than the sum due,
and thereby made no tender at all. This is
law, but whether it is " perfection of reason"
let the unlearned decide.—Morning Herald.
The recent communication from the King of
Holland will not, we trust, be made by Lord
Palmerston and his colleagues of the Conference
a peg for the support of a hundred further pro-
tocols. The country is in no temper to endure
such trifling. If the King of Holland profess a
desire for peace, let him open the Scheldt to
the trade of England and of Europe ; or, if lie
will not spontaneously, let it be done for him.
We have men-of-war in abundance, and they
could not be more worthily employed. The
King of Holland, in common consistency, must
be grateful to this Government for helping him
to act upon his own professions. But we se-
riously protest, on the part of this country,
against any longer indulgence of delay, or de-
monstration of weakness in our foreign policy.
Our allies, Russia, Prussia, and Austria, pro-
fess an anxiety for peace ; why are they not
called upon to show their sincerity by an imme-
diate co-operation with England and France in
some decisive measure to compel the King of

Holland to abandon that absurd and mischievous
policy which alone endangers the tranquillity of
Europe ? ' This is the plain and simple course,
and ought instantly to be adopted.—Times.
We do not recollect, among the changes of
political feeling in this country, any progress so
rapid, or indeed, it might be said, any transi-
tion so striking, as that which has taken place in
the national sentiment with regard to a readjust-
ment of the temporalites of the Church of
England. Twenty years ago a whisper of dis-
approbation directed against the constitution of
the Church establishment, against the abuse of
patronage, the inequalities of ecclesiastical in-
come, the multiplication of pluralists and sine-
tisists, or above all, against the working of the
tithe system itself, would have been tolerated
just su far as it was purely speculative and barren
of all intentional remedy ; but if hinted at with
A view to practical amendment, to a real correc-
dop of abuses which in the abstract no man was
bold enough to defend, or especially to a substi-
tution for tithe of some less obnoxious means
•of clerical subsistence, the unhappy church-
)(dormer was charged with " sedition," " blas-
phemy," and " hostility to Church and
State c." " wisdom of our ancestors"—" sa-
cred edifice"—" danger of removing a single
brick"—" opening the flood-gates of innova-
tion," &c., were pelted at him from all quarters ;
. nor were the members of the reverend profession
backward in maintaining that meddlers in state
affairs might be not the worse ministers of the
Gospel. But how is it now ? Pluralists are
denounced even from the gates of Lambeth.
Translations are admitted to be snares for the
consciences of Bishops. We have discovered
that humble curates are inadequately paid, that
stall-fed dignitaries are at once too rich and idle,
and last, and of all things on earth most won-
derful, that tithes can be, and ought to be, no
longer borne. The ministers of the Church of
England, it is worthy of repetition, have met in
some of the dioceses to pray the Legislature for
an extensive ecclesiastical reform, that the
interests of the established religion might be
more securely and permanently protected. We
' wish that in every diocese, and more particularly
in and about the metropolis, the wise and gratify-
ingetipplevigit t find imitators, and that the spirit
wrivrtiih-anitnateth.,, ---"e ' pious clergymen of Durham
' Ivitetleithect e noughout thesouth and west
,
.tt . giiil:44tlit,feti are that no such snappish
\e‘
~„_-_
110,-1.1.1gA.,601

or absurd rebuke need be dreaded by the digni -
caries and parochial incumbents of the see of
London, as the Prince-Bishop of a certain place
which shall be nameless thought proper to ad-
dress to his far more candid and sagacious
brethren, because they saw, though he did not,
that the breaches in the temple must be repaired,
that rottenness could not be effectually propped
up, and that if it was crafty, it was at least not
wise to hallow and consecrate corruption. There
is before us now a pamphlet by the Rev. Wil-
liam Pullen, Rector of Little Gidding, Hun•
tingdonshire, which affords evidence, not merel),
of the ripeness of this question of Church Reform
for immediate, and we hope permanent adjust-
ment, but of the earnest and conscientious zeal
with which the minds of the worthiest among the
ministers of the Gospel have been for some time
employing themselves upon this all-important
subject. Mr. Pullen's publication has been con-
fessedly called forth by those of Lord Henley
and of Dr. Burton, Regius Professor of Divinity
at Oxford; and although the rector of Little
Gidding may not go so far, in the practical abo-
ition of what many hold to. be abuses as may in
the end be found expedient or unavoidable, the
spirit of his suggestions is so admirable, and his
orinciples so just, that we conceive the work
will bring no less benefit to the cause than credit
to the Rev. Author. Pluralties are by this time
so utterly condemned and reprobate& that it
may seem but loss of time to add a new authority
for their overthrow ; yet are we tempted to quote
one passage from the pamphlet, in illustration
at once of the excess to which this crime against
the interests of religion has been carried, and of
the preposterous as well as frightful consequences
which it involves :

" It is admitted by all writers, all speakers, all advocates
''or Church reform, and many and various are they, that
the most prominent ill in our establishment is the system
f pluralities, and its inevitable consequence, the non-
esidence of the beneficed clergy. The arguments against
this system are so plain, so rational, and so many, that
there is no difficulty in showing that it ought to be
Wished. They have been brought, too, in such varied
f.,rms before the public, that little more is now necessary
,o be done than to repeat them ; and when we consider
the folly and injustice of one man holding two or several
iistant appointments, each requiring active personal duty,
we shall begin to wonder how such a system could ever
have been tolerated. Still it exists, and under circum-
4,,nces in the highest degree scandalous. A late Bishop
held twelve pieces of preferment at the same time, and the
treater number parochial benefices ! It may be argued
'hat they were, for the most part, low in value ; but still
-hey involved the cure of souls. And how ridiculous
toes it seem that a Bishop, as rector, or vicar, or perpe-
tual curate of a parish, should be his own diocesan, and,
iroperly speaking, under the control of his own Arch-
heacon ! What should we say at seeing the Lord Chan-
-ellor, when his court was up, pleading as a barrister be
fore his Honour the Vice, or the Lord Chief Justice of

he King's Bench defending an action for trespass, or what
not, in the Common Pleas? The poor barristers would,
in either case, think it very hard that the chance of a
urief had been taken from them, merely because their
Lordships did not consider themselves rich enough with-
out such addition to their incomes. In the army, we never
uear of a man being Colonel in the Guards and a Lieu-
'enant in a Marching Regiment at the same time; or, in
the navy, of an individual filling the chair at the Admiralty
Board, while he is, or is appointed to be, the commander
in an expedition to the North Pole. This may appear a
t:enciful analogy, and may excite a smile, but I cannot see
hat one case is a jot more preposterous than another.
Had not custom reconciled us in a measure to the system
pluralities, and were not the interests of eternity always
made to yield to those of time, I am persuaded we should
,ee no difference. Lord Henley, in his pamphlet, has
;laced the arguments against this mischievous system in
he clearest light ; and I trust and pray that the great
uody of my clerical brethren may be led not only to a con-
..urrence with his Lordship in opinion, but that, by a more
unequivocal testimony of their sense of the evil, they will
it once show that we are no longer eminent for the supine-
'less and lack of courage which his Lordship, too justly, I
fear, imputes to us."
On another point of much value to the ser-
vice of the established faith Mr. Pullen, speaks
as follows, and we trust that in the forthcoming
measures for an extensive and complete reform,
his, implicating the fate of whole families, and
Lhe effective ministry of a large proportion of
parishes, will not be entirely overlooked,—we
mean the establishment of a fund for merito-
rious clergymen, incapacitated by age from a
further performance of their duties :
" I am fully persuaded that there is one ground on
which sinecures ought nut only to exist but to be insti-
tuted, namely, as a retiring pension for the old and inca-
pacitated pastor, to enable him to withdraw from a field
in which he is no longer able to work.*
" * It is deplorable to reflect how many parishes there
are suffering from this defect in our ecclesiastical economy.
The living is, perhaps, too small to afford a resident, or
even an occasional curate; and the old incumbent, so

long as he can crawl from his parsonage to his church,
contrives to appear once each Sunday, sometimes not
so frequently, in his pulpit, to preach to the few of
pis flock whom an active Dissenter may not have been
enabled to draw from his pasturage. I feel particularly
called to speak on this point by an instance coming
,mmediately under my own observation, where the rector
of a parish in the country, the living of which afforded
him no more than a decent maintenance for a very small
fimily, became incapable, from age and debility, of per-
forming the afternoon service. Not being able to afford
a curate, be gave up the second duty; and the conse-
quence was, that the preacher at the conventicle took
care to have his chapel open at the time. The meeting-
house filled, and, in time, the parish church was thinned

of a very large portion even of the morning congregation,
to the extreme sorrow and dismay of the rector, for be
had been a faithful labourer. To resign the living would
have been to exchange the parsonage-house for the work-
house. What could he do ? The increased difficulties,

however, in the performance of his duties, rendered it
essential that he should have some assistance ; and at
length, after much compromise of conscience, he supplied
his Church, from year to year, by giving titles to young
candidates for orders (without stipend), through the me-
dium of an agent. The practice is, alas ! a common one,
and is too full of mischief not to require suppressing."

We may again have occasion, in the progress
of this great question, to refer to the little work
of Mr. Pullen for the more effectually impress-
ing upon our readers the opinions of a rational
and reflecting clergyman upon some of the most
essential branches of the whole ecclesiastical sys-
tem. His remarks addressed more directly to the
Bishops are extremely useful, and seem to borrow
more from the matter at which they point,
than from the disposition of the author,—a
pungency by which some of the Right Rev.
Persons may be more edified than pleased.
But, in one word, a Reform of Church abuses
is at hand. We state it broadly as fact, not a
mere conjecture. It will be a broad, full, sub-
stantial, sound, and deep Reform. It will em-
brace both extremes of the temporal Church of
England,—Bishops, Curates, and all that lies
between. The nature of Church property will
be improved, the unjust and pernicious distri-
bution will be corrected, and, for that reason,
the amount appropriated to religious purposes
need not and ought not to be impaired. It is a
Reform which contemplates not the interest of.
the rich or of the poor exclusively—not that of
the rabble only, who have hitherto felt the
Church to be a load,—still less of the aristo-
cracy, who have seized on it as their plunder,
—but in the interest and for the well-being of
the nation generally—for the diffusion of a re-
ligious spirit throughout the land, which can be
accomplished no otherwise so easily as by a
close approximation of feeling between the pu-
pils and instructors—between the laity and
clergy.— Times.
The Westminster election dinner, at the
Crown and Anchor Tavern, yesterday, demands

our attention. The Chairman, Mr. T. Dun•
combe, laid himself out in lecturing Mr. Stanley
and some of his colleagues, who have been ex-
erting themselves to produce a conviction in the
minds of the people, that now that they had ob-
tained the Reform Bill, all further improvement
was at an end. No doubt, a true Reform, and
a final Reform, are not easily reconcileable. A
true and effectual Reform transfers power to the
people ; and it is for the people themselves, and
not Mr. Stanley, to determine, whether the Re-
form should or should not be final. The Re-
form Bill is but a means to an end—good go-
vernment ; and it would be saying very little for
the people, to suppose that they will refrain
from urging such further measures as may give
them a better security for good government,
than they possess under the present Reform Bill.
" Toryism," said Mr. T. Duncombe, " ever factious
and never scrupulous, has also not hesitated to circulate
reports that some Ministers have declared that we have
arrived at the ne plus ultra of Reform. But I for one,
will not believe in such reports ; if I did, I would not be
the man to propose the health of those Ministers. I will
not believe them until I have them confirmed by the lips
of his Majesty's Ministers themselves. Until then I will
not believe such pusillanimous declarations have been
made, or any such treason towards the people been in con-
templation ; but if such speeches have been made, I do
not hesitate to declare, that such speeches are only wor►hy
of being framed, glazed, and placed in the same cabinet-
window as :the Duke of Wellington's memorable declara-
tion against all Reform, when his Grace condescended to
inform the world, that if be bad been called upon to con-
.truct a new representative system, he should take the old
British boroughmongering one as his model—that being

his Grace's beau ideal of free representation."
We must suppose that liberty has been given
to run down Mr. Stanley's declaration. All that
Ministers could pledge themselves to was, that
they would use their influence to prevent any
extension of suffrage, or any constitutional
change, such as the ballot, by which a greater
power would be given to electors than under the
Reform Bill. But Ministers could only pledge
themselves, not the Parliament ; and should
Parliament see the necessity of further change, it
will, of course, be effected. Sir John Hob-
house, too, in eulogising the Reform Bill as
the most stupendous of all the stupendous
measures that human ingenuity ever devised,
observed, that—
" It has called the people of England, not in person,
but by representation, to speak their own minds in their
own House of Commons.—(Cheere.) If there should be
anything in that measure with which to find fault—any-
thing that good, and honest, and temperate men, whose
principles and whose motives of action will bear investiga-
tion, should desire to alter or amend—you will instruct
your representatives to that effect, and they will, no doubt,
attempt to effect the desired improvements. Our Honour-
able Chairman has justly said, that he considers nothing
final—nor do I.—(lmmense cheering.) Recollect, Gen•
tlemen, there is no saying now and for ever. The very
condition and inconstant nature of humanity does not
allow of perpetuity in its moral, its physical, and far less,
in its political frames."
But though it is admitted that both Mr.
Stanley and Lord Althorp expressed themselves
unguardedly in declaring Ministers pledged
against any amendment of the Reform Bill, Sir
John does not hesitate to say as much that if
Ministers have their way, no alteration will be
allowed. " There is, certainly (he says) no
reason why the Bill should be improved ; but at
the same time I am sure you are not those who
are ready to rush into any new experiment, be-
fore the old one (three days only, yet some
people call it old) be found to fail.—(Cheers.)"
But in one respect we have had all the experience
that we can possibly have till a new election, when
it may be too late to avail ourselves of our ex-
perience. The meaning of Sir John is—do not
call for the ballot, however unanswerable the ar-
guments for it. But experience has, given the
people all the insight into the defects of the Bill
as far as the non-protection ofvoters is concerned,
which they can possibly have until another Par-
liament ; and it may happen that without such
protection, another election would exhibit a very
different result with respect to the proportion of
Conservatives, and that the remedy will be ob-
tained with much more difficulty, if at all. But
Sir John sings the song which all his colleagues
sing ; and we are to understand from his lan-
guage that the ballot will be resisted by Minis-
ters. Sir F. Burdett was prevented by indispo-
sition from attending.—Morning Chronicle.
Our contemporary (the Standard), in com-
paring Ireland with South Carolina, is, we be-
lieve, mistaken in the difference which he sup-
poses he has discovered :
" In all the comparisons (he says) that we have seen
instituted between the proposed secession of South Caro-
lina and the threatened repeal of the Irish Union, one very
important point of difference is overlooked. It would
appear that all classes in Carolina concur in the determi-
nation avowed by Governor Hamilton. In Ireland, on the
other hand, the Protestants, who constitute all the Magis-
tracy, whether Judges in the Supreme Courts, or Justices
the Peace, or intermediate Judges—the Officers of the
of Executive—the ministers of religion—the proprietors of
the soil—whatever there is in the country of a yeomanry—
the Protestants, who constitute all these, the only intel-
ligent classes, and the only classes embarked by permanent
interests in the national prosperity, are decidedly opposed
to Mr. O'Connell's scheme of dismemberment. We have
put the propositions generally, hecause, though there are
some few Roman Catholic proprietors, Magistrates, &c.,
and some few Protestants, insane enough to smile upon
the Repeal project, the numbers are so few in either case
as not to form an exception worth special notice."

We have always understood that the partisans
Of the general Government, though the minority,
are still a large body, and that the yeomen of
the mountainous range, the oak and hickory
country, as the Americans call it, by far the
bravest and hardiest part of the population of
the State, are against the nullifiers. The State
of South Carolina, therefore, is by no means
united. All the cotton growers and other
planters in the low lands may, perhaps, be united;
but it is far from improbable, that on the ap-
pearance of the Proclamation of the President,
and after ascertaining that the other States dis-
approve of the nullifying scheme, the Union-
ists may yet gain the ascendancy. But if it be
true, as stated by our contemporary, that
in Ireland there is a complete separation be-
tween the proprietors of the soil and the other
classes, or between the producers and consumers,
the difficulty of dealing satisfactorily with Ireland
is no doubt fearfully augmented. When such a
separation exists, we may be sure that there
has been great mismanagement. Our contem-
porary, however, attempts to prove too much,
when he wishes to show that the producers and
consumers in England are also opposed to each
other. " The late elections in Ireland," he says,
" merely prove what the elections in England have
proved as certainly—though the want of a sectarian
colouring, and of a specific scheme of rebellion,
causes the conclusion to be less apparent—the
elections in Ireland merely prove, that the Re-
form Bills have, to all effectual purposes, dis-
franchised the proprietor class and the intelli-
gent classes in both kingdoms." The Reform
Bill in England has given a greater power to the
intelligent classes than they had before, though
it has diminished the influence of individual pro-
prietors. But so far from causing any separa-
tion of classes, the Reform Bill, by universal
admission, will lead to a more cordial union of
the different classes than has hitherto subsisted.

Boroughmongering, by rendering the higher
classes independent of the other classes, led to
exclusion, and exclusion to mutual dislike.
When the rich are not independent of the good
opinion of those beneath them, they will natu-
rally seek to conciliate them. Kindness on
the part of the superior is never lost on the
inferior. But the truth is, the condition of
Ireland bears no resemblance to that of
England. The peasantry of Ireland have
never known the advantage of protection from
the Government. They have, from the com-
mencement of the English connection down to
the present day, been entirely at the mercy of
their landlords. If Ireland had been an inde-
pendent country, the landlords and peasantry
would soon have discovered the necessity of be-
ing on good terms with each other ; because a
destitute peasantry would have been disposed to
do themselves justice. But the excesses of the
Irish landlords have been committed under the
full assurance that, whatever the consequences,
England would stand by them. Hence the
landlords have exacted in all times the utmost
farthing from the cultivator, all but the potatoes
and salt on which he subsists; and it having been
impossible for the cultivators to make any
savings, they were without the means of improve-
ment, and the nation, with the exception of a
few towns, is composed of a peasantry in rags,
and an arrogant proprietary, limited in their
exactions by the supposed impossibility of ex-
tracting more from the cultivators, and the ven-
geance of the utterly destitute. But our con-
temporary has a simple way of accounting for all
the evils of Ireland—the existence of the Roman
Catholic religion :
" Spain, Portugal, Italy (be says)—the countries which
we have cited as models for exclusively Popish Ireland,
are, with Popish Ireland, the countries of the most mise-
rable peasantry in the world—and this, though undoubt-
edly possessing an average good soil, and the very finest
climate of Europe. Why are they so? Why are coun-
tries so varying in almost all other circumstances—in go-
vernment, locality, surface of land, &c. ? Why are coun-
tries so different, except in those advantages which ought
to produce a uniformity of happiness, so uniformly mise-
rable? There is but one answer—because they are
uniformly afflicted with one blasting system of superstition.
We now reject all consideration of the moral influence of
the Romish imposture, and still more particularly would
we guard against building any arguments in our present
inquiry upon its soul-destroying malignity—we refer
merely to its influence upon the physical condition of man.
It exists nowhere, uncontrolled by temporal authority, that

it does not reduce the condition of the population to
beggary. This is a proposition admitting of no exception
in any age or country. Let us now dress some of the
plans proposed for Ireland in the glass of one of the inde-
pendent Popish kingdoms of the continent."
There is a great difference between one
Catholic State and another, as between Catholic
and Protestant States. Without wishing to un-
dervalue the Protestant Reformation, we may
observe that that Reformation was itself the
offspring of a continued improvement under
Catholicism. There is yet but a small part of
Europe Protestant ; and the Netherlands had
long been cultivated as a garden before England
knew anything of good agriculture. Catholic
Switzerland contains a much more industrious
and intelligent peasantry than the Protestant
Highlands of Scotland, though the latter are far
more favoured by nature. Piedmont, Lombardy,
and Tu.scany contain an industrious and happy
peasantry. The peasantry of the two Austrias,
Bohemia, Moravia, Ste.,.are thriving and happy.
Belgium is cultivated like a garden. In none of
these countries are the peasantry so demoralised
as in Protestant England. The inhabitants of
Spain possess no common character, though all
of the same religion. The Catalonians and Bis-
cayans are industrious and thriving, and the
peasantry are much happier than our own. In
the other parts of Spain, where the despotism
of the Government has pressed harder, the people
are wretched. In France, under the old regime,
one Catholic province was flourishing, and
another wretched. We are unwilling to throw,
out imputations of insincerity, but charity to our
contemporary will not allow us to suppose him
in earnest, when he thus dooms all the Catholic
nations of Europe to irremediable wretched-
ness, so long as they continue Catholics.—
Morning Chronicle.
It is generally believed that the answer of the
King of the Netherlands to the insincere and
insulting propositions of Prince Talleyrand and
his lacquey, Lord Palmerston, arrived yesterday.
The Administration has not yet found it suit-
able to the interests of its popularity to permit
either the form or substance of this answer to
transpire. It is stated with much confidence,
however, and the prudence, ability, and mode-
ration hitherto evinced by the King of the
Netherlands corroborate the assertion, that this
reply is couched in the ordinary terms of diplo-
matic courtesy ; that it amounts in substance to
a distinct and unequivocal rejection of the pro-
positions of the Ministers of France and
England ; but that it intimates, at the same
time, the readiness of his Majesty to treat
upon a definite basis, which it fully ex-
plains, with a view to the just and amicable
settlement of the terms of separation of the
two divisions of his kingdom. Into such nego-
tiation, however, the King of the Netherlands
does not propose to enter with France and
England separately, or in conjunction ; still less
does he propose to descend to such negotiations
with the de facto Government of his revolted
province ; neither is it his intention to negotiate
with the five Powers in the character which
they have already abdicated of an European
Conference. It is understood to be with the
five great Powers of Europe, in their character
of guarantees of the integrity of the kingdom
of the Netherlands, that the King of the Ne-
therlands is desirous to concert the means by
which he and they may be extricated with the
least possible amount of injury or inconvenience
from the difficulties in which circumstances have
involved them.—Morning Post.

COTTON MAN UF ACTURE.—The amazing
cotton manufacture continues to increase. The reduction
of the profits has sharpened the wits of the manufacturers ;
and men, women, and children, as well as machines, throw
off an increasing quantity of work. We perceive, from
the evidence on the Factory Bill, that the weekly quan-
tity now spun by one spindle is 21 hanks of No. 40, a
week. The cotton spun in Great Britain last year
amounted to about 288,000,0001b5. Of this vast quan-
ti,y a tenth was spun in Scotland. The United States
supply 3.4tLs of the consumption, or 213,000,000105.
The East Indies about 20,000,0001b5. The West Indies
1,600,0001b1. only. All the cotton, except the growth
of the East and %Vest Indies, pays a duty of -8- per lb.
This duty would last year exceed 690,0001. ; and would
be as nearly as possible 10 p-r cent. on the return of the
cotton in bond.-- Glasgow Chronicle.

The following is a summary of the meteoro-
logical observations in France of 1832 :—The greatest
heat, namely 35 deg.—centigrades, 95 deg. Fahrenheit,
was on August 13. The greatest cold, 5 deg. 87 centi-
grades, or 21. 2. of Fahrenheit, on the Ist of January.
Days of rain, 135 ; of fog, 218 ; of frost, 50 ; of snow, 2 ;
of hail and sleet, 10 ; of thunder, 18. The wind blew
from the north 59 times ; from the north-east, 46 ; from
the east, 28 ; from the south-east, 22 ; from the south,
66 ; from the south-west, 54; from the west, 54 ; and
from the north-west, 37. The depth of rain that fell was
525 mill, 58 centhn., or nearly 21 inches English.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, JAN. 14.

THE KING V. THE CORPORATION OF CANTERBURY.

Sir J. SCARLETT appeared to show cause against
a rule Nisi for a quo warranto granted last Term,
calling upon Mr. Kingsford to state upon what au-
thority he held the office of Mayor of Canterbury.
It appeared that at the election, which took place
last autumn, there was a riot, which prevented the
voters from polling ; that a second election, but no
second nomination, was entered upon, when Mr.
Kingsford was returned by a large majority. The
Learned Counsel now contended that that election
was good, even if bribery, as was alleged by the
opposite party, had been used. But he insisted
that the Court could not believe there was bribery
at this election, " because no man who could com-
mand a majority of two or three hundred votes would
be fool, or, he might say, knave enough to bribe
voters."--(Laughter.)
Mr. WATSON followed on the same side.
Mr. Sergeant MEREIVETIIER proceeded to support
the rule, but was stopped by
The COURT observing that it ought to be made
absolute, as the statements of the parties were of a
conflicting nature, and were, therefore, proper to
be inquired into by a Jury.—Rule made absolute.

BAIL. COURT, JANUARY 14.
CAMPBELL V. FRANKS.

The action was brought to recover the balance of
an account for coals supplied to the defendant's order.
The plaintiff is a coal-merchant in Hertford, and
the defendant is a gentleman of respectability re-
siding there, and a Magistrate of the county.
A subscription had been entered into by the no-
bility and gentry to assist the poor inhabitants of
the place in obtaining a supply of coals. The de-
fendant had the management of the business, and
by his order the coals were furnished by the plaintiff,
who received about 381. on account ; and on apply.
ing for the balance, 621. odd, the defendant in-
sisted, on the several applications being made, that
he had paid the balance furnished on a certain day
named. The plaintiff altogether denied this, and
evidence having been produced to prove that the
defendant was in error,

The Jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for
the amount of his claim, 621. odd, adding, at the
same time, that they did not think the defendant was
liable to any imputation in the !natter.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

(From the Hampshire Telegraph.)

PORTSMOUTH. JAN. 12.—CaptainGlascock, of his
Majesty's ship Orestes, has succeeded in his demand
of a free communication between the ships under
his command of the Douro river and the sea. He
promises also to punish every infringement of the
navigation law, more than one instance having oc-
curred wherein merchant ships had hoisted a King's
pendant with their colours, and in such instances the
owners will be compelled to pay the penalty of 3001.
Captain Glascock has also demanded of General
Santa Martha permission to open a contract for
fresh beef for the sole use of the English squadron.
Rear-Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, Bart.,
K.C.8., who succeeds to the command in South
America, hoisted his flag on board the Spartiate,
74, Captain Tate, this morning. She is refitting at
Spithead, and will, when equipped, proceed to her
des,ination.

By a letter from Rio de Janeiro, dated 9th No.
vember, we learn that the Warspite, 74, with the
flag of Sir Thomas Baker, anchored at Rio from a
cruise on the 31st October. The Pylades, 18,
Commander Blanckley, sailed from Rio for Monte
Video, on the 28th of October. The Rattlesnake,
28, Captain Graham, sailed from Valparaiso, for
Lima, on the 23d September. The Dublin, 42,
Captain Lord J. Townshend, for Coquimbo, on the
24th, and the Clio, 18, Commander Onslow, on the
27th September, for Rio Janeiro, The mail ar-
rived out in the Duke of York packet, on the 20th
October, which left for Buenos Ayres on the 23d.
The Goldfinch arrived at Rio, from Buenos Ayres,
on the 7th November.

The Blanche, 52, Commodore Farquhar, arrived
at Antigua, on 30th November. The North Star,
Captain Lord W. Paget, arrived at Barbadoes, from
Bermuda, on the 13th November, and Victor, IS,
Commander Russell, on the same day from St.
Lucia. The Columbine, 18, Commander Love,
sailed from Tortola for Bermuda, on 2d December.
DOWNS.—The Malabar anchored here on Tues-
day, from Portsmouth, and the Griffon passed by on
Friday, from Sheerness, on her way to Plymouth.
A French corvette sailed on Sunday, for a cruise,
and on the following day the Dee, for Helvoet. She
returned this morning, when the Larne sailed for
the North Seas, leaving at anchor the Donegal, Ta-
lavera, Revenge, Malabar, and Dee (English), with
the Suffrein, Melpomene, and Creole (French).
The Forester, three guns, Lieut. Quin, arrived
at Plymouth on Saturday, from this port, with the
Griffon brigantine of the same rate, whence they
will proceed in a day or two for the Cape of Good
Hope.
The Volage, 28, Captain Lord Colchester, will
be paid off on Tuesday, and it is expected will be
recommissioned.—The Childers, 18, Commander
Deans, will be paid off on Thursday.
The Comus, was paid advance wages, and towed
out of harbour into the Sound on Monday, by the
Rhadamanthus steamer, and sailed the following day
with troops for Pendennis Castle.
The following packets sailed from Falmouth on
Monday :—Leveret, for Oporto and Lisbon—pas-
sengers, Senor da Camera, Captain Hoffner, Miss
Galway, Mr. Finis; Reindeer packet, Lieut. Dicken,
for Thazil—passengers, Messrs. Dunn, Marshall,
De Wittenberg; the hired packet Melville, Lieut.
Webb, for Halifax and Bermuda--passenger, Mr.
Atkinson, for Halifax; the Alban steamer, Lieut.
Kennedy, for the Mediterranean—passengers, Messrs
Young, M`Dough, Herald, Trevelyan, Trevor, and
Iglisias.
The Eclipse packet, Lieut. Griffin, for Jamaica,
sailed on Saturday, from Falmouth—passengers,
Messrs. Nelson, Stephens, and M‘Gatta.
The Lapwing packet arrived at Falmouth on
Wednesday, from the Leeward Islands—she left
Barbadoes, 23d Nov., and St. Thomas's, Bth ult.
At Spithead—Spartiate.
In Harbour—Victory, Excellent, Royal George,
Volage, Childers, Sylvia.
(From the Portsmouth Herald.)
Rear-Admiral Sir F. D. Maitland, K.C.B. (Ad-
miral Superintendent of the Dockyard), whose flag
(blue at the mizen) is flying on board the yacht
Portsmouth, has been performing, pro tenzpore, the
duties of Commander-in-Chief at this port, until suc-
ceeded in the command by Rear-Admiral Sir Mi-
chael Seymour, Bart. K.C.8., who hoisted his flag
(blue at the mizen) yesterday, on board his Ma-
jesty's ship Spartiate, destined for the South Ame-
rican command. The Rear-Admiral (being the
senior officer at the port) will retain the command
until the arrival of the next Commander-in-Chief. _

Admiral Sir Harry Burrard Neale, G.C.8., of
Lymington, is expected to succeed to the command
at this port in about a for night hence, with Capt.
Sir Charles Burrard as his Flag Captain, and Com.
L. C. Rooke, as Secretary; Mr. Harry Munro,
Purser, R.N., is likewise named as likely to fill the
situation of Secretary.
A detachment of fifty supernumerary Royal Ma-
rines disembarked from his Majesty's ship Spartiate
on Tuesday last, and joined the Portsmouth head
quarters.
An order has been issued that on no account in
future are the artificers in his Majesty's Dockyards
to work more than five days per week, without the
direct sanction of the Board of Admiralty.
An order has been issued to discontinue the sys-
tem of employing convicts on the ships in Ordinary.
PROMOTIONS, APPOINTMENTS, &C.— COM mander
J. M. Laws is promoted to the rank of Captain.—
Lieut. T. Gregory is promoted to the rank of Com-
mander.—The Hon. G. F. Hastings, Mate of his
Majesty's ship Excellent, is promoted to the rank
of Lieutenant.—Lieut. E. Seymour is appointed to
his Majesty's ship Spartiate, as Flag Lieutenant to

KC)
Rear. Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, Bart., .•
—Lieut. T. L. Massie is appointed to his Ma.les';/'
ship Satellite.—Mr. B. Hunter is appointed Maio.
of the Prince Regent yacht.—Mr. F.W. R. Slor
Master of his Majesty's ship Victory, is aPPitot
to the command of the Buffalo, fitting as a 90'
ship at Chatham.—Commander E. T. Couchoit
appointed Secretary to Rear-Admiral Sir Mic
Seymour, and Mr. Hawker, Purser, is aPPinft
Secretary's Clerk.—Lieuts. Wallace Houstoat:
M. Rodney, and E. Grey, are appointed Super;
merary Lieutenants of his Majesty's ship SPertOt
—The following Clerks are promoted to the rasa.
Purser, viz., Messrs. E. Rowe, J. Evans, F.
Fox, W. Anderson, W. A. Harris, T. ThomPli
E. Brown, W. L. Freeman, W. ClatworthY,
W. O. Cox.
Messrs. C. W. de Courcy Ross and R. 1-"4.
kinson, Midshipmen, of the Vernon, have "ty
found duly qualified in navigation this week at
Royal Naval College.
(From the Devonport Telegraph.)
DEVONPORT, JAN. s.—ln consequence of the
cease of Vice-Admiral Colpoys, in the West 101 e
Commodore Farquhar, who was at St. Kites,
on the 27th of November, hoisted his red pen
l
'as Commander-in-Chief, and was to proceedi
next day for Bermuda. Commander Burnett
appointed Acting Captain of the Blanche,,,,,
Lieu!enant Strode was appointed Acting 4-1.,

mender in his room.
The combined fleets were still at anchor in I
Downs on Thursday last.
His Majesty's brigs Royalist and Pantaloons
on Monday for Falmouth and Lisbon. The
mus, 18, Commander Hamilton, sailed the ell
day, with troops for Pedennis Castle.
Mr. Jeremy returned from London on Saturtl
and on Monday the Jupiter put to sea for the tb
time, bound to the Mauritius. This gentleman,
understand, is armed with full powers for the
forcement of such parts of the Order in Council
warding the treatment of slaves as have not b(j
suspended by the present Government. An 2,
tional military force is going out to the West lo'
immediately.
The Forrester, carrying a long 18-pounder ol
a swivel, and two carronades, Lieutenant

Quin, expressly fitted for the suppression nt r
slave trade, arrived on Sunday, from Chathoo ),
Lieutenants J. Pike, W. H. Wyndham, and 141.:d,
Millar, Midshipman, to join the Isis, are passel)
in her to the Cape. The Griffon, brigantine, nfeo
same rate, and fitted for the like purpose and dvit
nation, came in on the same day, in company , it
the Forrester ; they will start again in a few L'6'l
having some further equipments to be completed,
The Belvidere, 46, Capt. Hon. R. S. Dundas a
j
Actwin, 28, Capt. Hon. F. W. Grey, were all 4
on the 20th of November last, at Tripoli, protect
British property, the place being in a state bond i
ing on revolt.
On Monday last the French sloop St. Jean 11/110
tiste was captured by the coast-guard stationel
Newquay; she was laden with 293 tubs of brani
which have been lodged in the Custom-house st°)
at Padatow. The crew consisted of six persa,,
two of whom were Englishmen ; they have bhi
convicted by the Magistrates, before whom til
were taken, in the penalty of 100/. each, and 11
been brought to Devonport, to serve on boatel,
ship of war, in consequence of non-payment. 1
His Majesty's ship Volage, Capt. Lord Colcho
ter, and Childers, 18, Commander Deans, willd
laid up in ordinary at Portsmouth during the 13
week. fil
BERMUDA, Nov. 30.—The Winchester is MAP"
Jamaica with the head-quarters of the 37th it*"
meat. The Fly arrived here on the 22d Ocrobio
and proceeded on the 27th to Jamaica, with !j
companies of the 37th Regiment. The North 7.4
arrived from Halifax on the 31st October, and
ceeded on the 3d November to Jamaica. The P's
key tender arrived on the 3d November, and WI
refitting. The Tweed arrived on the 11th Scold
ber, and sailed on the 13th for the West Ind
The Nimble schooner arrived on the 13th Novel
ber, and is now refitting. The Pincher arrived
27th, and is waiting the departure of the bloo"1
to be refitted also.
_J

Remaining in Hamoaze—Sin Josef, Vernon,
Rhadamanthus, African, and Confi ince steal'
sels, Romney, and Amphitrite transport.
At the Island—Griffon and Furrester.

LONDON MARKETS.

PRICE OF BREAD.
Pi
The highest price of Bread in the Metropolis is 9a
41b. Loaf. There are others who sell from ,4d. to Osia•
hat price.

PRICE OF SEEDS.-Jan. 14.
New Englishßed Clover Seed (per Cwt.) -s. 565. fine
Old Ditto Ditt0.......... . -s. -s. tine --8*:
Jew Foreign Ditt0............... -s. -s fine --9° i
Old Ditto
New White Clover sBs. 635. fine 650. i
Old Ditto Ditto _ -s. Ms. fine ..4_,,:
New Trefoil
31d Ditto . ,__ .-... -s. 20s. fine 20. :
Rib Grass . -- - -s. 375. fine --'9'
English Carraway 5eed........-.,„....:„..7_,--. ......s, -s. 655. fine
Foreign Ditto .......---......-...........- -s. -4. 635. fine
Coriander ............. -. -s. 12s. fine ....9'
St. Foin .....././NWOO• (per Quarter).......... 3515• 425. fine ..."±
Rye Grass ................................---..... -s. -s. new 3'-"o''
Pacey Ditto . 4os. 565. new .."9'i
Linseed, for feeding -s. 565. fine ..4'
Ditto, for crushing _ sos. 58s. --s. 00::
Canary Seed, New..................*. -s. -s. 60s fie;
' 'ltto Old, ..., -5. -s. ...S. fin"
_
White Mustard Seed --(per 8u5he1)...... -s. 85. ys. fine,
Brown Ditto . ~.we.•••••••*. ....8 . 20s. Zs. fin;
Turnip Seeds, Rounds-----.-- -s. -s. 18s. fine:
Green and Red Ditto ....-...........---.. •-.5. --9. 18s. tine:
Fares, Old owee.,••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -5. 4s. fine "
Ditto New ...«...........••••*...................... -6. ss. fine ,"
_ ~;
Raye Seed, English, fine (per Last) 241. 27/...... Foreign T. 2"

PTtICEs OF HOPS.—Jan. 14.
Kent
Sussex Ditto 61. 6s. 71. Os. to 71.
Fssex Ditto 04 Os. 0/. 0:. to 01.
Farnham Ditto, 01. Os. 121. Os, to 131
Seconds 0/. Os. 101. 106 to 111
71. Os. 8/. Os to 91;
0/. Os. 01. Os, to 42.•
0!. Os 01. Os. to ut

Kent

Sussex Ditto
Essex Ditto,.

PRICE OF OIL.
Rape Oil k brown 63. Refined
Linseed Oil 0.0•1•14MO.W.000m00,000.11.•••••...••••••••••••••••••101.1.41.11.0
Linseed Oil Cake at the Mill, per thousand
Rape Cake, per ton ••••..........••••••••••••••••••••••••••warwr.

PRICE OF POTATOES.—Jan 14.
Kidneys (York) 01. Os. to 31. 108. per toll
Scotch Reds _ Si.Os. to 31. ss. ditto.
Marsh Champions O/. Os. to 41. Os. ditto.
Oxnobles and Shaws 9./. 10s. to 31. Os. ditto:,

LEATHER.
Per lb.
EnglishS mll
Per dozen. 1
Calf Skins.. 30 to 411 b. :ti
Ditto .......... 50 to 701 b. '
ish Dittoilo rse
..............Hides:.
li
Ditto 70 to SOlb. 0
Small Seals, Greenland t
il
Large ditto