The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-11 00:00:00

NEW B'CR.4.ND THEATRE

TWO MORNING PERFORMANCES DURING' TILE WEEK.
M. PHILLIPPE will (by desire), and in consequence of the Im-
mense overflaws which have attended his Morning Performances,
give Grand Juvenile Entertainments every W elnesday and Sa-
turday Mornings, commencing it Two o'clock.
M. Phillippe'S most Popular Deceptions and Peculiar Experiments
will be repeated every Evening, varied by the Amusing Per-
formances of the Chiarinl Family, and the astounding Feat,.
to com-
of the
American Brothers.—Doors open at a quarter past Seven,
mence at a quarter before Eight.
Stalls, 35.; Boxes, 21. Is. ; Gallery, 6d.; Private Boxes,
1/. Is., and 1/. I Is. 6d.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL A hIPIIITiIitATRE OF ARTS.
most extraordinary Novelty ever produced.—The New Grand
Oilental Spectacle, which has been playing in Paris with repeated
success.

THIS EVENING
Will be performed a New Drama, entitled TIIE RAJAH OF
NADPORE ; or, the Sacred Elephants of the Pagoda. In which will
be Introduced the performing Colossal Elephants and Camels, whose
recent arrival caused unprecedented sensation in the metropolis.
New Scenes of the Circle, combining the talent of the French and
F.nglish Artistes.
To conclude with a favourite Afterpiece.

I.,4IVIDGWA ROYAL SURREY TWIATI:E.
Full Houses every Night. Seventh Week of the "Mendicant -01
and the Pantomime. Lait Six Nights of the Pantomime.
TIIIS EVENING _

'Will be performed MT MENDICANT SON; or, The Jew of
Southwark. Supported by Messrs. Hughes, Johnson, Rogers,
(I melt, Maynard, Lewis, Heslop ; Mesdames H. Vining, Martin,
aid Daly.
After which a new Drama, entitled NORAII CIIENA. Cha-
racters by Messrs, Rogers, J.ilinson, Lewis; Mdines. 11. Vining
and Daly.
To conclude with a new Grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled
lIMILEQUIN AND THE OLD WITCH OF TEDDINGTON ; or,
'fie Golden Days of Good Queen Bess. Harlequin, Mr. Corrnack ;
, olunibine, Miss Sinitheys ; Clown, Mr. Paul Herring ; Pantaloon,
Air. Anderson; sprite, mu..

ROYAL V ICTOR IA THEATRE.
To cu so much Novelty and Attraction is impossible. Seconi
Week of the New Grand Romance of "Thu Prisoners of th
Seventeenth Century." First Week of " The Cook at Kenning
ton." Third Week of "The Ruined house at Milbank.'

THIS EVENENtI.
Will be performed a new Drain 4, entitl.d, TILE MARCHIONESS
DE BRIN VILLI U.; ; or, lhe Poisoners of the Seventeenth Cen-
tury. Principal characters by
and Miss Vincent, Messrs. Savtle, Fredericks, Dial,
To be followed by TILE COOK AT KENNINGTON ; or, No
Followers Allowed." Characters by Messrs. Jeraes, Herbert,
Searle ; Miss Terry, Mrs. Lee. &e.
To conclude with TIIE RUINED HOUSE AT MILBANK.
supported by Messrs. Saville, Fredericks, Dale, Iliggie, Searle,
Herbert, Vincent, Terry Richardson, &c.

THE WEA PHER. s
_ _ UN
OFFICE, FEB. 11.
THERMOMETER, Levvest, 29; Highest, 36; Noon, 40.
BAROMETER, 30.19.—W1ND N.W., fine.

ttlall WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
?larding .. 13 minutes alter 2. I Evening 28 minutes after 2
_

13V 4 - I
t 4 :16,,
i•V I,l'. `7;*, r
, 7 zO-0-
`ry1,444-zi,,
-
.
cr;I:

SECOND EDITION.

being brought before him by the POPE of the cruelties
supposed to have been practised, his Majesty the EMPE-
ROR assured the POPE that he was not aware of them,
and' that if they had been committed, the party should be
severely punished.
The subject then dropped.
The Duke of RICHMOND presented petitions in favour
of agricultural protection.
Lord BEAUMONT gave notice of his intention, on Mon-
thy next, to bring forward the motion of which he had
given notice with respect to the burdens on land.
The Duke of RICHMOND postponed his motion with
respect to burdens upon land, which stood for Thurs-
day, till Monday.
On the motion of the Earl of SHAFTESBURY, it
was resolved that the House should receive no petitions
for private Bills after Tuesday, the 21st of April, or
any report from the Judges after Thursday, the 18th of
June.
The House then adjourned till Thursday.

The SPEAKER took the Chair at Four o'clock.
Mr. JAMES STUART WORTLEY took the oaths, and

s seat for Bute.

Leave was given to bring in several railway Bills,

among which was the Windsor, Slough, and Staines
Atmospheric Bills.
Mr. HUDSON brought in the York and North Midland

Whitby Extension) Railway Bill, which was read a
[rst, and ordered to be read a second time.

Sir JOHN EASTHOPE presented several petitions from
Leicester in favour of the Government measure for the

abolition of duties on food.

A vast number of petitions were also presented for and
against the measure.
Mr. HUDSON presented a petition from Sunderland
for the immediate repeal of the corn-laws.
Mr. RING presented a petition from Kensington in
favour of the Ministerial plan for the reduction of the
duties on food. The petitioners, however, stated that
they would have preferred the total repeal of the corn-
laws to the delay of three years.
Lord JOHN RUSSELL presented a petition from London,
signed by 64,000 persons, in favour of free trade.
Colonel SIBTHORP gave notice of his intention to
move for returns of the salaries of all persons receiving
above 5001. a year under the Government since 1795.
On the motion of Mr. YOUNG, a new writ was moved
for Westminster, in the room of Captain Rous, who
had accepted the office of one of the Lords of the

Admiralty.
In answer to the following questions from Sir 11. WlN-
nor; BARRON. What amount of funds there are now
available for the purpose of lending, with interest, to-
wards carrying on public works in Ireland. Also, if it
is intended to propose or sanction any measure by
which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners in Ireland
would be empowered to sell any portion of their estates,
and thereby pay off the 60,000/. they borrowed from the
Government?
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said there was
a sum of 300,0001. placed at the disposal of the Board of
Works for Great Britain, upon which demands might

be made from Ireland, and there was a further sum a

60,0001. annually voted for Ireland. There was now
unapplied a sum of 52,000/. As to the question with
respect to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, there was a
sum of 100,000/. lent to them, which had been paid.
Mr. HUME moved that a humble address be presented

to her MAJESTY, that she will be pleased to direct co-
pies of the existing tariffs and commercial regulations
of each of the British colonies and possessions to be laid
before this House, in the same manner as the tariffs and
commercial regulations of Europe and America have
heen laid before the House. And also that there
be laid Lefore this House copies of the existing
tariff; and commercial regulations of British India and
the liep-ncl• neies thereof, on ex ports and imports, in the
c.amier as those laid before the House of the
Euroia.an z,nd Anr.rican States.
After a few w,.rds from Mr. AGLIONBY,
Mr. F. 13A RING recommended that the subject should
be referred to the Printing Committee.
Sir H. Imam said that this particular report did not
come under the cogrizance of the Printing Committee.
But when an Hon. Member stated in his place that such
a report was full of errors, he thought that some oppor-
tunity ought to be afforded him of substantiating his
statement.

In reply to Mr. EwART, Sir JAMES GRAHAM said
it was not the intention of the Government to introduce
a measure for giving to parties aggrieved a right of ap-
peal in criminal cases.
Certain unopposed returns having been moved for and
agreed to,
The order of the day for resuming the adjourned de.
bate was read, and
Mr. STAFFORD O'BRIEN complained that the Govern-
ment had not yet thought fit to consult the agriculturists
at all on this measure. He had little hope of attracting
the attention of the House ; he had not changed, and
therefore he had nothing to explain, but remained in the
same state of bigotry in which he had ever been. The
law of 1815 might have been the greatest error
that the landed interest had ever committed,
but he would ask who had encouraged them to persevere
in that error? Year after year the Hon. Member for
Wolverhampton had given them an opportunity of re-
trieving that error, and year after year the Right Hon.
Gentleman had urged them to persevere in it. Ile
would not impute to the occupants of the Treasury
bench dishonesty, but this country had hitherto been
governed by party ; and if parties were to be broken up
in this way, he would ask how the Government of the
country was to be conducted? He had no hesitation in
avowing that he was a party man ; and if ever there was
an opposition conducted by party tactics for party ends,
it was the opposition of the Right Hon. Gentleman to
the late Government. It was a bitter disappointmevt to
find him now eschewing all party. The Right Ilene
Gentleman who spoke last night said that the law of
1842 had failed. Had it failed to the SIDNEY HERBERT
of last year, or to the SIDNEY HERBERT of this year ?
If the law had failed hi regard to the question of ave-
rages, it must be a reason for re-adjusting those ave-
rages ; and if he found the sliding-scale fail, that was
no reason for giving up protection—they had still the
sliding-scale to tall back upon. If it had been merely n
question of duty, why had they raised such an agitation
on the subject? It was not on a mere question of im-
port duty that the present Government had dis-
placed the last. If the present Government had
changed their opinions, let them avow the change,
and give due credit to those who had always uphel a
those principles; but let them not deprive them of th e
credit due to them by saying that this was a mete
question of import duties. He was not careless of thie
evils impending over Ireland; but a particular evil rei-
quired only a particular remedy, and although the
ports might be opened to prevent a famine in Ireland, y.ez
there was no necessity for repealing the corn-laws. All
the authorities in Ireland agreed that the destruction ,af
agriculture in that country would be its ruin. He rei-
ruitted the existence of the potato disease, and if it h:tel
progressed he was convinced there would not have be.m
a potato left in Ireland. The rot had been stayed, but had
now recommenced, and he believed that the Government
was prepared to meet the emergency; but he denied that
the cese of famine in Ireland would be met by the pro-
posed alteration in the corn-law. Ile believed that the
landowners in Ireland w, re greatly responsible for the
distr... eaisting in the country, but he denied that a re-
peal of the corn-laws would provide a remedy fur the
distress. From what had fallen from the Noble Lord
last night, he assumed that the principle on which the
Government was henceforward to be conducted was that
no favour was to be shown either to agriculture or
manufactures, but that each was to be left to find its owe,
level. He denied that the sciences of political economy
and of legislation were identical. The science of poll-
theil economy was the science of amassing and dis tri-
bating wealth, which was only one of the many
elements which entered into the science of legislation.
Equal neglect was not impartial kindness, and it was
rot right to leave the labour of the poor to unprotected
competition with foreigners, or to be crushed by the
rich. They in the House were all rich, and encouraging
the doctrine that they were to buy in the cheapest
market. They were encouraging a selfish doctrine,
which would alienate from them the affeaions of the poor.
It was a doctrine of political economy which few
of them could understand, but the selfishness of which
they could all of them perceive. It was unwise to pro-
,i, null that rule—it was dangerous to act upon
it. Agriculture was salubrious and condu -
cite to health, and a wise Legislature would pro-
tect and encourage such a calling. He objected
to any change in the present corn -law,,
-_awfi, but if any
c'aige were to be made, he agreed with the Noble Lord
opposite that it should be complete, and vhould take
place at once. He did not believe that this wrotbparitetorresa,s(baut
hea weuldns the
tenant-
farmers' question, al
The landlord
qu,stion of the great lla
Ind'fdorp
in offer a higher
manufacturer would come ,
wntOtuldconwseenattherto thaelterstotrhme, lbut ate.
the enterprising
price
of three, and the tenant-
' for the land than the farmer, make it
bear six quarters an acre instead
farmer would he ruined, turned out of his farm which
had been held by his father and his grandfather before
him. He would raise his voice against the injustice of
such a proceeding, and would not assist in enabling the
Government to trample over men whose only, whose
fatal fault was, that they had trusted in them.
Mr. SHARMAN CRAWFoRD asked how the protec. 1

tionists could claim a right to raise the price of food
artificially by Act of Parliament, unless they were pre- •
pared at the same time to secure by Act of Parlia-
ment to the working men of this country con-
stant employment and a certain rate of wages?
In Ireland the agricultural labourer, the tenant-farmers,

and the landlords, had all been brought into a state of
the deepest distress by this system of protection,

and he considered that a system of free trade was their

only chance for a revival of prosperity. In the purely
agricultural districts of Ireland the distress was the
deepest ; for in the north, where there were
manufactures, there was comparative prosperity.
One of the great causes of Irish distress was, that the
people were compelled to depend upon the potato for
subsistence, and hence they were subject to periodical
famines. Now, by reducing the price of corn, the people
where rendered independent of the potato, they would bt
used to a better class of food, and the landlords would

be forced to improve the estates by which the produci
would be doubled. He cordially supported the proposi

tion of the Government.
Mr. BAILLIE felt that we should never be able to
convince foreign nations of the truth of the doctrines ol
free trade. Foreigners believed we could manufacture
at a cheaper rate than they could, and therefore the)
had fostered their own manufactures by protective
duties. We bad, by the aid of machinery, supplanted the
cotton manufacturers of India, and he doubted if an)
conqueror had ever inflicted so much misery as we had
by supplanting their native domestic industry.
Such had been the results of free trade to India ;
and seeing that, it was not to be wondered a;
that foreign nations declined to try the experiment; and
the question was now, should we try the experiment on
ourselves ? The prosperity of the last three years Is a)

owing to the prosperity of agriculture during those
three years ; and it was as necessary for us to protect
our agriculturists against foreign competition, as it was
for foreigners to protect their manufacturers against our
competition. Such was the inferiority of our cli
mate, that it was impossible for our agricul
turists to compete successfully with foreigners. The
greater part of the grain grown in this country was in-
ferior in quality to the grain grown in Poland, and ii
good Polish wheat were admitted to the markets, there
would be no sale for the inferior sorts of British wheats.
If it were a question of pounds, shillings, and pence, it
would be advantageous to turn a portion of our land,
into pasture and to purchase our wheat from abroad;
but this was a national question, and it would be most
unwise in us to depend upon foreigners for our food.
Considering, however, the position of parties in th.
House and the country, he considered that they had but
the choice of two alterna.ives—to support the Govern
went measure, or to throw out the Government and le.
in Hon. Gentlemen opposite. Under these circumstances
he should support the Government measure as the one
least calculated to do evil.
Mr. LEFROY denied that the measure proposed by the
Government would benefit either the labourers, the
farmers, or the landlords of Ireland, and as an.lrist.
Member he felt bound to oppose it.
Lord CLEMENTS, as one most intimately acquaintee
with the wants and wishes of the agricultural popula
tion of Ireland, declared that nothng could be more des-
titute or deplorable than their state under the present
system of protection. The miserable state of the Irish
population had been recently brought under public noticf
by the Times' commissioner, and there was not a single
statement of his that was overcharged.
The report of the Earl of DEVON bore testimony t,
the extreme wretchedness of the Irish peasantry, see
the Earl himself bore witness to the truth of the state-
ments therein contained. He had hardly ever known e
summer in Ireland without a scarcity in consequence of
failures of the potato crop; and although during the present
year many had provided against the impending famine by
lying in stocks of oatmeal, yet there were many thou•
sands too poor to do so ; and what, he would ask, had
been the benefit of protection to these poor persons? It
had not provided them either with food or employment,
considering the whole measure brought forward by the
Right Hon. Baronet at the head of the Government,
he should heartily give it his support, though he must
confess he would much rather have had it mane into
immediate operation than have been delayed fpr three
years.
The Marquis of GRANBY objected to the motion. Ht-
was sorry to oppose any measure proposed by the Right
Honourable Baronet at the head of the Government.
but the present propositions were so sweeping
and so calculated, as he believed, to produce the worst
results, that he felt bound to oppose them, though, he
believed, the Right Honourable Baronet was sincere in
bringing them forward. He (the Marquis of GRANBY)
believed that protection was justice, and that those whe
supported it would be honoured by posterity.
Mr. GREGORY supported the measures brought for-
ward by the Government, believing that the principles
of free trade were the principles of common sense-
He contended that agriculture had flourished, not through
protection, but in spite of protection. It had been said
that he ought not to vote for this measure as an Irish-
man, because dr. O'CONNELL intended to support it fo,
some sinister purpose. Though he differed from tha
Hon. Gentleman in many things, he did not believe that
any sinister motive had induced him to support this

measure.
Lord BROOKE could not support the measures pro
posed by the Government. Although be was sure the
Right Hon. Baronet was sincere in his motives, he very
much doubted the sincerity of many of those who sup
ported him. The Noble Lord the Member for Liver
pool had let out the secret of that support ; it was from
the fear of losing the great talents of the Right Hon.
Baronet in conducting the Government. The Noble
Lord deprecated the course pursued by the Anti-Corn-
law League in its endeavours to increase the number of
voters, and denounced their proceedings as illegal and
unconstitutional.
Lord WORSLEY thought the Government were wrong
in proposing the measure, and he believed that the re-
sult would be that the Right Hon. Baronet would never
again be called the farmers' friend. If the corn-law was
to be altered or repealed, let it be altered at once, and
not delayed for three years. He believed that delay had
been most unwisely introduced by the Government, be-
cause, blink the question as they pleased, before that
time expired a new Parliament would be called, at the
eh ction of the Members for which the agriculturists
would call upon those who asked for their suffrages to
support their interests, by re-considering the proposition.
Sir JAMES GRAHAM considered the present question
one of great public importance. For himself, he avowed a
change of his opinions on the subject of the corn-laws ;
and with that statement he disposed of all his former
speeches. All that he possessed in the world was as a
landlord ; and if the change now proposed was dan-
gerous, it would expose him to as great a risk
as any landlord in the country. At the
same time, he did not believe that the repeal
of the corn-laws would materially affect the price
of cern, but it would ensure the consumer the in-
valuable benefit of providing against those excessive high
prices which might take place if there was a deficient
harvest in this country. He was rejoiced to see that
the Noble Lord the Member for the West Riding of
Yorkshire—from whom he had often differed, but who
was one of the greatest ornaments of the House—had, on
the hustings, announced sentiments nearly similar to
those which he had attempts d to announce that night.
He did not believe that the landlords would
suffer by tie abrogation of the corn laws ; but if
they were to suffer, he would rather d .scend• to a
lower station than submit to the obloquy of defend-
ing this law. It had been said that the proposi-
tion of the Government would break up that great Con-
servative party, but if it were not entertained, he
believed it would occasion throughout the country, not
the mere breaking up of a party, but anarchy, confusion,
and revolution.
Lord CLIVE, believing that an honourable understand-
ing existed between himself and his constituents, that he
should maintain the system of protection, felt it to be
his duty to vote against the proposition of the Govern-
ment.

Mr. COLQUHOUN rose to address the House, and was
met by loud cries of " Adjourn ! adjourn !"
Sir R. PEEL suggested that if the debate were to be
adjourned, it should be adjourned to Thursday.
Mr. BIiOTHERTON then moved that the debate be ad.
journed to Thursday, which was agreed to.
The other orders of the day were agreed to, and the
house adjourned.

The speech of Sir JAMES GRAITAM last evening on the
corn-laws may be said to be the only business speech yet
made *luring the two nights of debate. That of Mr. S.
HERBERT was good in its way, but the other went to the
root of the evil, showed the absolute necessity fur repealing
the laws, ;he little injury the landlords had to anticipate from
the change, the benefits in point of morality of low prices,
the almost total absence of any connexion between wages
and the price of grain, and the beneficial effects which may
naturally be expected from the abolition of the duty.
Should the latter proposition be made good, the change
will confer the greatest blessings on the working po-
pulation, and especially upon that portion of it compelled to
toil for twelve or fourteen hours in unwholesome
factories, in order to be able to purchase a sutUciency for
their subsistence. He alluded with satisfaction to the altered
sentiments in that respect of the great majority of the opera-
tives. Until lately they seemed fully convinced, that low
ablusutiothne,
wexdpethrieenycweeroef
yweaourlsdhleaadddtoisploel
the pricesla
last
of
wledwathgend
f threef
now as anxious as most other classes for such a change as