The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-10 00:00:00

TWIE SUN, LONDON", TrEURST)AV MORNING, SEPTEIVinFAR io, 1846.

40 IT OF THE BOYS\ OF THE ROYAL MILITARY
%It:" AND THE CALEDONIAN SCHOOL TO THE
tAle,"lf ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—The boys comprising
forte schools visited the Gardens yesterday, and, the day
drawanately beina: propitious, the pleasure suffered no
pipes,
The Caledonians were accompanied by their
6e,,,j' and highly delighted the sons and daughters of
Caea, who mustered strongly to welcome them. The
afie sea School were accompanied by their band, and
1,4 noticed with pleasure the evident improvement and
pieces in their execution of the various concerted
cartes with which they delighted the vi-itors. They
ti ainly reflect great credit on Mr. Lewis, the
aster.band-
-1 The entire attractions of the Gardens, the meg-
arive..(llt display of fireworks on the water, concluding
tn the eruption of Vesuvius, sent the little fellows de-
Intedaame.
Bell's Life in London of Sunday next, price Six-
pence--The..,(lr Great St. Leger and the Doncaster Week
„ (gatherings, by Pegasus—Engraving of the Don-
aster c ap—All the Racing, Aquatic, Cricket, Pedes-
trianism &c.—Piscatorial Sermons, by Ephemera; with
the
Mills on Tuesday next ; and on the Sunday follow-
Altr Doncaster and its Doings, copiously described, with
4"( rtrait of the Winner of the Great St. Leger. Bell's
Life is published in time for all the after noon rEsailways.,
, BououGn or FINSDURY.—D. C. Moa lan, q, ti
narrister appointed to revise the list of voters for the
borough of Finsbury, will hold his sittings ut the Court
01 the Vice-Chancellor of England, in Lincoln's Inn, on
Thursday, the 17th inst.
SUPPOSED INCENDIARISM.—A destructive fire took
Placa at Piddington on Monday. The out-premises and
lome ricks of bay, the property ef Mr. J. Holt, farmer,
were destroyed. The fire broke out in a barn which
1.4 stored with corn. The barn, a
burn downcowhouse, shThe
eds,
7ca and some ricks of hay, were t .
iagers exerted themselves admirably, and the dwelling-
house and some hayricks were saved. The cause of the
fire
is unknown. Expresses were sent to Bicester and
vv otton House for engines. These calls were immedi-
ately responued to, and both the Biccster and the Duke
of Buckingham's engines were dispatched to the scene.
It is feared that th fire was the act of an incendiary.
kr. Holt's stock was not insured.
ACCIDENT.—Ort Wednesday afternoon last, Mr.
Warburton, son of John Warburton, Esq.,
of Crinkle, Parsonstown, met with a very serious
accident. He had been shooting, and afterwards par-
took of luncheon at the residence of John Ryall, Esq.,
at Kilmain, When leaving the house, the gun of a
young gentleman named Orr, who was in his rear, by
*Zoe means went off, and the contents passed through
zar. arburton's thigh. The femoral artery is not cut,
but iW
t, is left bare for three inches. He now lies in a very
precarious state.
THE ROYAL YACHT.—If anything could render
the sea agreeable to those whose stomachs are always
deranged by, the motion of the vessel, the luxurious
accommodation of the Victoria and Albert would do so ;
-there is a beautiful suite of apartments, so perfect in all
their appointments, that, but for certain ivory handles
inserted in the walls to hold by when there is any great
motion it is almost impossible to fancy yourself on
board :hip. All the rooms are hung with chintz,. bed,
bed-room, dressing rooms, drawing, dining-rooms, all
chintz ; and it has a very ight and elegant effect. Ex-
clusion is, however, the " order of the day," and the
captain and lady in waiting, &c., are rarely bidden to
the royal table. The Queen and Prince always break-
fast alone in the little house on deck, in which a sliding
table is inserted—that is, when his Royal Highness can
eat any breakfast, which is not always the case.—Chel-
tenham Looker-on.
PalcE OF GOLD.—The premium on gold at Paris
is 16 per mille, which, at the English Mint price of
31. 17s. loid. per ounce for standard gold, gives an
exchange of 25 55 ; and the exchange at Paris on
London at short being 25 75, it follows that gold
is 0.78 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris.
By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 435
Per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 10id.
per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 10 ;
and the exchange at Hamburgh on Londo ort
being 13 lot, it follows that gold is 0.34 per arer
In London than in Hamburgh.

IIMOMME•011.1111111......./.••••
SPORTING IN

LICHFIELD RACES.—TUESDAY.
The Members' Plate of 50 sovs. The second to save his
stake. Heats. Two miles.
Hon. E. M. Mostyn's Stream, 4 yr 3
Mr. Stubb's Hyacinth, 3 yrs 2 2 ,
die
Mr. Fowler's 01,1 George, 5 yr •
The Staffordshire Stakes of 20 soya. each, 10 ft.; and 5 only
if declared, &c., with 50 added. The second to save his
stake. Two miles.
Mr. Mostyn's Camera Obscura, 3 yrs (Kitchener) 1
Mr. Ongley's Roderick., aged .................. ........ . ..... 2
The following also started but were not placed:—Mr.
Johnstone's Lord Saltoun, 5 yrs—Lord Chesterfield's Jenny
Wren, 4 yrs—Mr. Fowler's Baronet, 3 yrs.
The Two-year-old Stkes of 10 soya. each, with 50 added •,
colts, Bst 71b; fillieas, Bst 41b. Winners extra. Last half
mile.
Mr. Cep(

deland's Cbeapside .................. . ....... (Marlow) 1
~ord Warwick's Aliwal ......, ........... 2
Mr. A. W. Hill's fby Plenipo, out of Twilight ............ 3
Mr. Critchley's Atalanta and Mr. Fowler's Ranthos also
started, but were not placed.
A Gold Cup, by subscription of 10 sous. each. wo utiles.
Mr. Osbaldestm's Sorella ........................... ... Twalked over
Queen's Plate of 100 guineas. Heats. Two miles.
w o
Mr. J. Day's The Hero, 3 yrs (A. Day) 1
2 dr
Mr. Copeland's Arthur, 4 yrs ............... ..• ..
Mr. Meeson's Dart, 4 yrs ......ES.—TUESDAY. ..................... 3 dr
ABINGDON RAC
Handicap Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, h ft, with 50 added.
Tile second to save his stake. Two miles 1
.
Mr. Ramsbottom's Queen of Cyprus, 4 yr 5...... Mann)
Mr. Elwes ns Regalia, 3 yrs ...................................... 2
Mr. Robins's Swectbriar (11 b) 3 yrs . .........................
Mr. Dumble's Rosin the Beau (11 b) 3 yrs ............•..... 4
Mr. Tren's Wild Rose, 4 yrs ........... . ....................... 5
Mr. Menzies' Teetotaller, aged ................................ 6
.
Produce Sweepstakes of 50 sous. each, h ft; colts; Bst 101 b;
fillies, Bst 71b. One mile.
Mr. Tren's 8uttre55............ Walked over.
The Holme Park Stakes of 10 sovs each, fire with 15 added ;
three yrs old, Est 131 b ; four, Bst 31b ; Bst 111 b ; six,
and aged, 9st 11b. The winner to be sold for 100 sous, if
demanded, &c.
Lord Barrington ns Carissima, 4 yrs ...(Hutchinson) 1 1
Mr. Robins's Sweetbliar (h b), 3 yrs .................... 4 2
....
Mr. Pusey ns Zela, 5 yrs ......... ....... .......
... 2 3
Mr. Palmer ns Etona, 4 yrs ................................. 3 dr
The Cup, by Subscription of 10 soya. each. The winner to be
sold for 500 soya, if demanded, &c„ and the second to save
his stake. About two miles and a half.
Mr. Tren's Buttress. 3 yrs
2
Mr. H. Duffield's Milliner, 3 yrs
The Town Plate of 30 sovs., added to a Sweepstakes of 5
sous. each. The second to save his stake; the winner to
be sold for 200 sovs., if demanded, &c. ; heats. The
Abingdon Course.
Mr. Brown's Pretender, 3 yrs ...... —(Thackle) 3 2 1 1
Sir C. Cockerill's Amazon, 3 yrs
Mr. Hill's Brunell; 5 yrs ... 5 3 2 dr
Mr. Waller's cby Coronation, 3 yrs 2 4 3
Mr. Ramsbottom's cby Hetman Platoff, 3 yrs.. 1 brk down
RADCLIFFE RACES.—TUESDAY.
The St. Leger, of 10 sovs. each, with 25 added.
Mr. Clarke's f by Stockport, out of Columbine ...walked over
The Manchester Cup, added to a Handicap of 15 soya. each,
10 ft, &c. Mile and three-quarters.
(E. Edwards) 1
Sir J. Gerard's •Pantasa .......................
. 2
Mr. Worthington's Hooton ......................................
The Smyrna Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added. Heats,
a mile and a half.
Mr. Carter's Fair Rosamond... ............ .. (Williams) 1 1
Mr. Wood's Maid of Auckland ............................. 3
2
2 dr
Mr. Abbott's Delair.e ........ . •••• •"'
The Selling Stakes of 5 sovs, each, with 20 added. Heats, a
mile and a half.
Mr. Russell's Grand Seignior ... (Simons) 1 1
2 2
Mr. Thompson's Hudibras
3 3
Mr. ljawson's Sleepy
ROCHESTER AND CHATHAM RACES
TUESDAY (CONCLUDED?.
A Handicap of 10 sovs. each, 1.1 ft, and on y 2 if declared, &c.,
with 50 added. The second to save his stake.
Mr. J. Bentam na Pimento, 5 yrs, 7st 4 0
2 1 1
Mr. Dockeray's Lady Charlotte, Bst 91b ... 2 0 1 3 2
Mr. Smith na Tell, 3 yrs, Est 81b 1 3 4 2 dr
Mr. Knowles's The Widow, aged, 7st 91b
Mr. Jackson's Syntaxina, aged, Bst 81b
First heat won by a head, the second a dead heat between
Pimento and Lady Charlotte, the third won on the post by
a head, the fourth by two lengths, and the fifth easily by
six lengths. ,

WEDNESDAY.
The Gold Cup by Subscription of 5 sovs. each, with 40 addeo ,
three yrs old; 7st 41b ; four, Bst IMb ; five, 9,t 21b ; sil. and
aged, 9st 51b ; mares and geldings allowed 31b • the second
to save his stake. Heats, one mile and a half.! (5 Subs.)
Mr. Booth's Tit-bit, 3 yrs - ... (Planner) 1 1
Mr. Docket ay na Polka, 3 yrs
3 3
Mr. Dorrien's Laird o' Cockpen, 4 yrs
First heat won by a neck, the second by a length.
The Railway Plate of 35 sovs , added to a Sweepstakes of
3 sovs. each. Once round and a distance.
Mr. Nunn's f by Samarcand, out of La Fille mal garde,
- 4 yrs, 7st 81b (carried 12st)
Count Bathyany's Muster, 3 yrs, sst 131 b
Mr. Dixon's Devil-among-the-Tailors, aged, Bst
Mr. Drew's Concealment, 4 yrs, 7st 111 b (carried Bst 21b) 4
Mr. Messer's Rochester, 3 yrs, Est 91b ; Mr. T. Rolt's
Alexa, 3 yrs, 6st 81b, also started but were not placed.
Won easy by two lengths.
The West Sent Stakes of 2 sovs. each, with 25 added ; three
vrs old, ist 41b ; four, Bst 71b ; five, 9st ; six and aged,
bst 41b ; mai es and geldings allowed 31b ; winners extra.
The second to receive 5 sovs. from the fund. Heats, once
round. (6 Subs.)
Mr. Dixon's Devil-among-the-Tailors (llackett) 4 1 t
Mr. Hawkes's Primrose, 2 yrs
Mr. Nunn's Dalesman, 95
yrs
dr.
3
Mr. E. Haworth's York, 4 yrs
First heat won cleverly by a length, the second by a neck,
and the third by three lengths.
The Hunters' Stakes were not run when our account left
the course.
LATEST BETTING AT MANCHESTER.
ST. LEGER.
7 to 2 agst Mr. W. Scott's Sir Tatton Sykes—taken
6 to 1 agst General Shubrick's Brocardo
8 to 1 agst Mr. O'Brien's The Traverser
9 to 1 agst Mr. Meiklam'e Fancy Boy—taken
10 to 1 agst Mr. O'Brien's Grimston
12 to 1 agst Col. Anson's lago
14 to 1 agst Mr. Cranstoun s Cranebrook •
15 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Free Lance
30 to 1 agst Lord Maidstone's Tom Tullock.
GREAT YORKSHIRE HANDICAP.
7 to 1 agst Mr. Wormald's Quadruped—taken
7 to 1 agst Mr. L. Fox's June—taken
8 to 1 agst Mr. Robinson's Morpeth
8 to 1 agst Mr. Mostro's Ennui—taken
10 to 1 agst Sir G. Heathcote's Bravissimo.
AQUATICS.
- MATCH BETWEEN W. FORREST AND E. GILLETT
FOR 201. ASIDE.—Oa Tuesday this match came off ac-
cording to arrangement, the distance being from the
Halfway House between Woolwich and Greenhithe, to
the Dreadnought, opposite Greenwich Hospital. Both
men rowed in outriggers, Messrs. Cownden and Went-
zell being the builders. Neither of the men had ap-
peared much in public, Gillett having two years since
rowed second for the coat and badge, whilst oppo-
nent, who is a few years older, had appeared for
in the last
two or three years at the Thames Regatta, and 1840
won the boat given by the inhabitants of Greenwich.
The distance to be contested was about nine miles, and
the betting was 5 to 4 on Gillett. At three minutes
past one the start was effected in a most beautiful
manner, the men being scull and scull for some few
seconds, when Forrest gradually drew ahead. Gillett
shortly after starting unfortunately unshipped his left-
hand scull, giving his opponent a further advantage.
Having reshipped his scull, he again lay down to his
work, but had scarcely taken fifty strokes before the
same accident occurred, the boat in which he rowed
turning completely over, thus throwing away all chance,
though at theperiod of the accident he was evidently gain-
ing upon his opponent. He was instantly picked up by
his galley. Gillett's cousin then got into the boat,
when, after having rowed about two miles, he also got a
ducking, and narrowly escaped with his life. The
winner tJok it easily, occasionally refreshing himself
with a " drap," doing the distance in about an hour.
CRICKET.
ELEVEN OF ALL ENGLAND v. EIGHTEEN OF MAN-
cHEsTEB.—ne match was renewed on Friday at Man-
chester, and during the day there were not fewer than
about 9,000 persons present- The weather was again
fine, and the play on the part of England of the highest
order. All England won in one innings by 31 runs ;
1 the total score being—All Enand, 22; and Min-
im chester, 125 and 72, or 197 in bothgl innings.
....--------.-----..—.
.

REPIMENTATION OF BREC'ON.—III pursuance of a
requisition, numerously and respectably signed, L. V.
Watkins, Esq., of Pennsyre, has commenced an active
canvass of our borough. _Hereford Times.
Rossini is at present engaged in composing a grand
hmn, the words by the poet Count Marchetti, in com-
meymoration of the recent amnesty granted by the Pope
to,,the Bolognese.
Messrs. Bakers', Beaufort-street, Chelsea, have now
in their possession a China sow that has had h
te unpre-
cedented number of 60 pigs at three farrows viz., 17,
19, and, lastly, 24, 21 of which and the sow are
'alive and
doing well.
CHILD DROPPING.—On Tuesday.information was
received by the police, that a female infantits unnaturale
four days old, had been abandoned by
parent in the passage of the house of No. 19, New-street,
Golden-square, in the occupation of Mr. Pennington, a
broker. The child was wrapped in an old blanket, is of
fair complexion, blue eyes and dark h
GROSS IMPOSTURE.--a negro, who at Boston
called himself by the name of Fre and at
Fred. Douglas,
Louth, Curtis, has been imposing upon the philanthro-
pic feeling of a number of well-dispmed individuals in
those towns. We last week inserted a paragraph giving
an account of a lecture in the Mansion
Friday ing,
crowded meeting, got up at very short notice, listened
to soul-harrow iag statements of the sufferings and wrongs
of American slaves. On Saturday evening a still larger
crowd attended, and great interest was felt on behalf of
the supposed Fred. Douglas. Som6 discrepancies be
tween his statements and the published account of
" F. Douglas" in Chambers's Journal, together with
other circumstances, excited suspicion that all was
not right and on Sunday morning, the Rev. R. G.
Mason, who had come to ,Boston to attend the great
temperance festival, seeing the pretender, at once said
he was an impostor, as he had conversed with the real
Frederick Douglas, and heard m speak in
n Coven
the
garden theatre, theatre, at the great himortiof
World's Temperance Convention. Still he persisted
that he was F. D. ; but on Monday morning he de-
camped, taking the Sleaford-road, and it is said lectured
on Monday night at Heckington. At Barton he said
his name was John Adams, and that he was born in
Liverpool, of black parents ; in his lectures at Boston
he gave his native place as South Africa, where he was
sold by his parents at twelve years of age. He is a true
African, with the flat nose, thick lips, and woolly hair
of that race, is about five feet six inches high, slen-
derly made, had on a blue cloth cap, rusty surtout, and
dark trousers.—Cambridge Advertiser.
The Lincoln Conservatives state that the agent of
Mr. Seely has discovered that their notices of objection
were served a day too late, and that consequently they
will be inoperative. We understand that the claims and
objections are not very numerous.— Cambridge Advertiser.

LITERATURE.
ON TIIE LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICES-1
their National and Social Advantages—their Principles
and Practice. By Garge J. Sorer.
The life offices have long needed such a familiar
and useful little work as the pamphlet before us. It
is the right key to the mysteries of the actuary, and
premising that it also furnishes a list of all the life
offices existing at' the commencement of the year,
with their tabular charges and divisions, we cannot
do better than extract the following epitome of its
contents from the " Introduction."
" We have endeavoured to show that the field for life
assurance has been much enlarged of late; that it will
continue to enlarge with the multiplication of the middle
or enterprising daises, the progressive advance of the
industrious mechanics, and the division of property
among the aristocratical orders; that there are no
grounds for apprehending, under any possible circum-
stances, a crash amongst the life offices, as amonght the
railroads, or other speculative undertakings, for the busi-
ness investments of such life offices do not partake of a
speculative' character—even a panic in the money
world, which brings destruction upon other interests,
must benefit the life offices, by raising the value of
money, which is their only stock in trade.' That
character, or moral standing in the directors
and officers is, the chief reliance, as the re•
sponsibilities are mainly dependent on the careful and
honourable application of the money received as pre-
miums, and other investments, not merely in the amount
of the subscribed or pledged capital, for such capital
must be considered only as a collateral security against
possible, not probable contingencies—all such probabili-
ties are, in fact, calculated and included in the charge
for premiums, and the deposits for annuities, &c. That
the true life-risk being familiarly known by the pub-
lished experiences of the old offices, no imposition in
that respect could be attempted without immediate ex-
posure. And in the event of life offices failing to get
business, and resolving, in consequence, to close their
establishments, the holders of policies therein run little
risk, for under such Circumstances the office liabilities
would, of course, be comparatively small in amount, and
the pledged capital, with the paid-up premiums, would
be ample security. Even in the worst case, the failure
of a mutual assurance company, whose only property is
the subscribed premiums, there could be no considerable
loss, except through the possible dishonournd
a in disst-
honesty of the directors and officers, to gu ag
which every caution and circumspection previously to
embarking in any life office is strongly recommended.
That mere class associations or particular business
or professional offices, are a departure from the
principle on which the mortality tables are founded.
as these tables are calculated by the common law of
mortality, and the life risk is known to vary in different
classes and occupations—that, therefore, the acknow-
ledged class, or professional offices, must be considered,
to a certain extent, as experimental. That it would be
wise and prudent for life offices never to raise a question
of doubt or difficulty in the case of claims from prema-.
ture death, unless justified on the strongest grounds, for,
as such chances are an actually recognised risk, and the
onus of detecting imposition fairly rests with the office,
a failure to establish a fraud would be highly injurious.
That nevertheless, as such frauds are often attempted
to be practised, and as successful imposition wrongs the
honest insurer by affecting his proportion of the profits
or participations, if not his real security, every indivi-
dual concerned in such office is decidedly interested to
detect imposition, and to see it exposed and punished
when detected. The proprietary, the mutual, and mixed
offices are defined, and their relative bearings explained.
Accumulative, or deposit assurance, is considered in its
practical application, and we conclude with a glance at
the.progress and peculiarities of the existing offices."

GILBERT'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
N. /X.
This extraordinary publication proceeds with all
,s original ability—extraordinary both in extent of
iformation, neatness of typography and moderation

THE POOR-LAW AND WAGES.
TO THE EDITOR OF 7'HE SUN.
Sin,—You have with great liberality from time to
time allowed me a space in your journal when the spirit
has moved me to write upon important subjects. I am
induced to offer a few observations on the above, trusting
they may be deemed worthy of a like indulgence. I fear
that _ the sad disclosures on the Andover Committee may
lead the nation into trouble, by turning,the current of
sympathy into a demand for the old vicious system of
out- door relief, with all its concomitant evils.
The principle upon which the old poor law was
enacted was, to find, or rather to make work for the
able and willing who could not otherwise find employ-
ment. In the course of its workings out-door relief
became a most serious and alarming evil, so alarming as
to threaten the very source of relief, by swallowing it all
up. I need not for a moment dwell upon the frightful
miseries and crimes of the old law, how unprincipled
farmers, &c., took advantage of it, and made the rates
pay half their wages, while the pauper was trampled
upon in every way that human caprice and depravity
could devise. To correct the monster evils of the old
poor-law, and to better the condition of the poor, the
New Poor-law Amendment Bill was enacted. How, it
has operated it needs no aid of mine to depict, but if
anything can sully a nation's honour, the manner in
which the poor of England have been treated does so in
a-serious degree. Why is this? Is it from a deliberate
intention of the supporters of the new poor-law to
" grind the faces of the poor?" I question it much if
even the Times, in its sober moments, would assert that
Russell and Peel, that Hume and Brostgham, with a host
of other good men and true, did deliberately combine in
order to crush the poor or save the rates. That there
was no such criminal intention I do really believe—in
how far blame and censure lies, for experimentalising
in the dark, and causing so much misery, I am not able
to judge; I leave that to others, while I, as powerfully
as I can, endeavour to call public attention to the moral
of the case, to see if we cannot gain instruction from
the past, and so lessen, as far as possible, the amount of

future misery.
The promoters of the new poor-law imagined that it
would be au easy matter to keep the unemployed poor
out of the market by keeping them in the workhouse.
By doing this they thought to lessen competition, or,
rather, to remove morbid competition from the labour
market. By doing so they trusted that wages would
advance, that happiness would increase, and that ulti-
mately they would meet with fame, and all manner of
grand things, from a once mistaken but now convinced
nation.
They have, however failed in this ; and now comes
the question as to how and why they have failed? Could
we discover this even the new poor-law had not been
passed in vain.
The new poor-law is, to a great extent, founded on the
science of political economy. Now, one of the most
clear points admitted by the whole school of economists
is, that the average rate of wages is governed by the com-
parative amount of capital to population ; consequently
they imagine that if they can but increase the re-
lative quantity of capital to population, all further
care of the labourer may in a measure cease, as, undert
such circumstances, his wages will naturally rise in jus
proportion, &c. &c.
With this theory full in my mind—with a great fear
of the deceptiveness of facts, so far as I have been able to
watch them—l have, after a seven years' anxious study,
and as long a period being actively mixed up with wages
receivers and their trade societies, been more and more
convinced that the comparative amount of capital does
not regulate wages—that it influences wages, but does
not regulate them. I fear that I am not able to point
out the importance of this point, but I am sure it is vital.
Inded, I believe on the clearing up of the principle
whiceh regulates wages rests the only hope of ever having
a proper poor-law.
Wages apparently rise and f ill in the market just
not
proportion to demand and supply, but really they do
so in the same ratio. A slight depression in trade
serves to reduce wages, which frequently become fixed
for long periods at low rates, although demand mean-
time may be much brisker than before their fall. This I
know to be practically the case. Theory, I know, treats
practice as an ignorant brother ; but when theory her-
self is at fault it is not wise to despise practice.
Sir, I believe one leading error of the new poor-law to
be—that it tries to better the mental and physical condi-
tion of the poor by depressing those who are in the
workhouse, in place of endeavouring to elevate the
condition of those who are out of the workhouse. This
elevation cannot be accomplished without a full under-
standing of the principle which regulates wages.
I fear that your space cannot concede greater length.
I' have, however, mooted the subject, and should you
approve of my endeavour, I shall try and complete the
case in another lametter.
I , Sir, most respectfully,
A TIN PLATE WORKER.
30, Kingsg,ate- street, Holborn.

FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE NOT.
TINGHAM AND LINCOLN RAILWAY.
On Monday last a fatal accident occurred on the Not-
tingham and Lincoln Railway, at Gonalstone, a distance
of eight or nine miles from Nottingham. At twelve
o'clock the train left the station at Nottingham for Lin-
coln, and proceeded as usual till reaching that portion of
the line near the village of Gonalstone, when a spring
underneath the fore part of the engine snapped, and
caused the engine to oscillate and jump up and down in
a fearful manner. The engine driver in a moment of
time slant off the steam, and at the next instant he was
precipitated head foremost off the engine upon the
ground. The stoker, a young man of the name of
Henry Glover, unable to keep his feet, fell and was
-aught between the tender and the engine, upon the
upper part of both his thighs. Here he was
fixed, and
could not extricate himself, the engine and tender at the
same time being whirled off the raj 4, and as it were
actually doubled up ; but owing to the chain attaching
them to the engine suddenly breaking, and there being
two or three trucks and a lugga va
ge n between the en-
gine , and the passenger carriages, the mischief did not
extend to the passengers, and the train came to 'a stand
without any other individual sustaininghrie damage.
cries The
alarm was almost unprecedented ; the shrieks and
of the passengers rent the air, and were heard many hun-
dred yards distant ; diirectly afterwards numbers were
seen running in all directions across the fields
for safety, and they could not be induced to
go near the train again. The poor unfortu-
nate stoker could not be removed from , his
awful situation by human strength, and hors
obtained from Gonalstone to separate the engine and
tender to set him at liberty. He remained in this de-
plorable condition for more than a quarter of an hour ;
some of the passengers think half an hour must have
elapsed from the first moment of the accident to the time
when he was removed. Many of the passengers re-
turned to Nottingham on foot, and would not venture
again in the train. The stoker was conveyed to the
General Hospital, with his thigh bones protruding, and
with the flesh dreadfully crushed. On leaving his
engine-driver, the dying man shook hands and bade him
farewell. On arriving at the infirmary, at half-past two
o'clock, it was found that the injury was so close to his
boy hat amutation was impossible. He only sur-
vivded ta
few hopurs. He was twenty-six years of age,
and has left a wife, but no family.
- The fatal accident which occurred on this railway
has brought to light circumstances clearly showing
that there is a very culpable degree of negligence in the
management of this line, which ought to be forthwith
inquired into. At seven o'clock on Tuesday morning a
train left Nottingham for Lincoln, and on approaching
the Burton Joyce Station, a passenger happened to look
out of a carriage window, and seeing a smoke before,
out
rising as if from something upon the line, he cried
and gave an alarm to the engine man. who
h instantly
shut off the steam and put on the break ; ad he not
succeeded at that very moment in stopping the engin(
the train would have gone smash upon an engine tha
had been carelessly left upon the line. It is said the
man who acted in this reckless manner has been re-
ported, and an inquiry will take place. Passengers,
however, do not feel safe, as more than one instance has
occurred where the gates across the line- have not been
opened in time, and the engine dashing through has
smashed them to pieces. We have heard repeated com-
plaints that it is very seldom the requisite signals are
-iven upon leaving a station after stopping for a time.

SYDNEY.—The intermediate accounts from Sydney
state, that the inhabitants in the interior had been vi-
sited by a bushranger, named Wilson. and a gang of
six associates, whose exploits had rendered them quite
notorious. One of their excursions to a place called
Darling Downs is thus described in the letters re-
ceived from Moreton Bay :—" They visited a station,
formerly occupied by a Mr. Gordon, but now taken
up by the Messrs. Hay. The party inside
the dwelling-house, who were just finishing dinner at
dusk, were taken all a-back by seeing half a dozen mus-
kets and pistols presented at their heads, with a polite
request from the gentlemen of the road to sit still until
they performed a few necessary operations in their line.
To the credit of the fellows, they conducted themselves
in a quiet orderly manner, taking the gentlemen's word
of honour that none of the desks or boxes contained
money. One of the gentlemen (Mr. Leslie) had his
watch returned, and his horse was politely placed at his
service. After remaining some hours at the house, and
handing a glass of grog round, they went off, taking
with them a small supply of rations, which they weighed
out, some double-barreled fowlingpieces, and three
horses, leaving a couple of fowlingpieces behind them.
Singular to say, Wilson handed over to Mr. Leslie 331.,
which he stated he had taken from a poor man in the
New England district, and giving his reasons for having
taken that sum from the man, merely said he had
refused him a feed when he called at his hut.
I need not say the mounted police are on their track ;
theiraatrtarrived
ie,:
ec., visit,
a t pareses
Drogheda
bcisfleouoffioitn.
but from the known game qualities of the fellows, I
fear they will not submit to be taken quietly. Their
proceedinas since coming into the Downs have the com-
plete air of romance, being conducted quite in the Claude
du Val style of marauders. They threatened, while at
the M.ssrs. Hay's station, to visit one or two gentlemen
for the purpose of punishing them for some particular
acts which had not met with their approbation; but from
the hue and cry. raised, little danger is pprehended from
prepared fur their contemplated
OPENING OF A NEW TRAFFIC WITH IRELAND,—
IMPORTATION OF SHEEP.—The Fair Trader steamer
gonThursday with a cargo of no
p, direct from the island of Mull,
which we understand is a very
about one half breeding ewes, the
feeding. Such an importation as
tkre a new feature in the live stock
deservinghr of consideration by landed pro-
-1 Scotland.fittehrns
ist toeh n,
remaindere aemon,nn dslet,
oiwi6TtsneueshOtt i
This
s:s
pro-
prietors and stocktnasters here. The cargo belongs to
Messrs. Adams and Banks, of Liverpool., who have the
merit of being the pi esent movers in this new, and we
trust we may pronounce, proMising traffic between the
Scottish isles and . this country.--Dublin .Freenian's
journal.

FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
SITTING OF AUGUST 31.
A communication was made respecting an extraordi-
nary improvement in the boring of artesian wells, by M.
Fauvelle. The process has hitherto been one of great
time, and consequently of great expense, for it was
necessary, after boring for a few inches, to draw up the
instrument, in order to clear away the earth, stones, Sec.,
through which it had pierced. By M. Fauvelle's pro-
oess the boring is never interrupted, for the instrument
clears itself, and continues its course of perforation.
This is effected by an injection of water through a hol-
low tube, so contrived as to cause a powerful rush under
the borer, and clear away the accumulated contents by
driving them to the surface. The injection is producel
by a force pump, worked simultaneously with the
instrument of perforation. Our readers must conceive
at once that the labour of boring is greatly accelerated
by this process, for not only is it unnecessary to discon-
nect the borer from time to time, in order to clear it,
hut the cutting point is kept continually free. The
account given of the success of this new invention would
be regarded as fabulous, if it were not well authenticated.
We are assured that, at Perpignan, M. Fauvelle bored,
in the presence of M. Ara o, to a depth of 170 metres,
for an artesian well, in the short space of 15 days;
whereas workmen have been engaged in the same town
in making an artesian well of the same depth for a period
of 11 months, and their labours have not yet been com-
pleted. This is certainly one of the most valuable dis-
coveries of the present age, for it will enable priva'e
persons to make artesian wells at even a smaller expense
than common wells, and to go to such a depth as to obtain
pure water for domestic purposes. We hope to see the ex-
periment repeated in Paris, and that too upon an extensive
scale. There were several papers on astronomy commu-
nicated to the Academy at this sitting. One was from.
M. de Gasparis, containing two equations on the orbits
of comets and planets; another was from M. Leverrier,
on the probable situation of the planet which produces
such anomalies in the motions of Uranus; and another
from M. Faye, producing new means of observation
every ten years, in order to arrive with more certainty
at the relative positions of the celestial bodies. Notice
was given by the Government of an intended expedition
by Lieutenant Tardy de Montravel, to the Amazon
river, and its branches, with the steamer Alecton and
the Astrolabe corvette, and inviting this learned and
scientific body to prepare a programe, with a view to
facilitate the researches which M. de Montravel is
charged to make. A paper was received from M.
Daubree, on the subject of the gold that is found in the
bed of the Rhine. This gentleman had already ex-
pressed an opinion that the gold came originally
from the crystalline scoistous rocks of the Alps, and
now communicates a series of experiments to prove that
his conjecture was right. Some time ago an interesting
paper was received from M. Rossell, on the diseases
caused by the phosphoric vapours of manufactories of
phosphorus and chemical matches. M. Dupassier, in a
communication which was this day read to the Academy,
doubts the correctness of the facts stated by M. Rous-
sel, but he deals rather with hypotheses than with po-
sitive facts, in opposition to the statement of M. Rossel.
Several communications were received from the de-
partments of the Loiret, Calvados, Seine•et Oise, &c.,
announcing that the disease which attacked the potatoes
last year has again manifested itself, although to a more
limited extent. Some of the members of the Academy
expressed a wish that experiments should be made as to
the means of exchanging the nature of the soil in which
potatoes are grown, so as to remove the origin of the dis-
ease. We do not know how this is to be effected, and think
that if there had been any prospect of eradicating the
disease by changing the nature of the soil, the attempt
would have been made this year by (The at least of the
philanthropic gentlemen farmers who are so numerous in
England. As we see, however, by a letter in a London
journal, that the truly illustrious chief of the French
nation is about to convert a large portion of one of his
estates in Normandy into a model farm, we would take
the liberty of recommending to him a series of experi-
ments on this truly important subject, as regards the
welfare of the human race. The French owe much to
Parmentier for the introduction of the potato as a ge-
neral article of food in France ; but still more will they
be indebted to their Sovereign, if he will turn his atten-
tion to the means of checking a malady, which threatens
to deprive millions of a cheap and wholesome food.

STAGE COSTUME.
John Kemble is supposed to be the first actor who
rescued the stage from the monotony of uniformity of
costume. That celebrated tragedian did much to reform
the bad taste which prevailed in dressing dramatic cha-
racters; but the great revolution in stage costume was
commenced by a celebrated French actress, Mdlle.
Clairon. The particulars of that event are not generally
known. The first representation of Voltaires's Orphe-
lin de la Chine was in the month of August, 1755. A
mania for Chinese silks, articles of furniture, and
Asiatic productions, had made the costumes
of the Celestial Empire so popular, that it
seemed almost impossible to appear on the stage
as Mandarins, dressed in French costume. Joseph
Vernet had made an exhibition of a great
variety of foreign costumes which be had painted at
the ports of Marseilles and Toulon. Thesethen were muc
ed inh
admired. The friends of Voltaire, who liv
Geneva, engaged that painter to design for the new
tragedy, costumes which at least might prevent the French
from laughing at the absurdity of Tarisian dresses. Ver-
net complied with the demand, and Mademoiselle Che .lairon,
who played the part of Hanle, appeared for tfirst
time with some alteration of the old costume. The
stage presented a superb palace of the Corinthian
order, capitals crowned with Acanthus leaves, and
Mandarins in Chinese dresses. The attempt, however,
was not perfect ; but another experiment made the
next year, was decisive. Mademoiselle Clairon was
engaged for several representations at Marseilles, at
the time Marshal Richelieu landed, covered with
laurels from Mahon. On the day the conqueror
went to the theatre she stood on the staircase and
complimented him, in the costume of Alzire, viz., a fine
silk robe, with a sun on ber bosom worked in gold, and
a small circular basket filled with jonquil 3. The next
night she played Zaire in a dress perfectly ridiculous,
and was stabbed under a French canopy. Her embar-
rassment under an enormous court dress of gold and
silver stuff, made every one laugh. The same night she
supped, according to custom, with the Duke de Villars,
Governor of the province. She was placed at table by
the side of a Greek lady, whom M. Guys, a rich mer-
chant (the author of " Travels in Italy and Greece"),
had married in Constantinople. After bestowing the
praises which were merited, the lady expressed her re-
gret that she had not chosen for the part of Zaire one
of the Greek dresses which the lady had brought
from her country. The actress was struck by the
idea ; and, as she had to play the part a second time,
Madame Guys not only sent her one of her Constanti-
nople dresses, but assisted in dressing her. The pub-
lic applauded' this novelty with transport, and Madame
Guys took the occasion to present Mademoiselle Clai-
ron a complete Oriental suit, of which a magnificent
pelisse made part. On her return to Paris, Made-
moiselle Clairon in every instance wore an appropriate
drdss ; and the good sense which marked her conduct
produced a reform which became general among the
performers of both sexes. Powder, masks, court
dresses, and a thousand ridiculous things used on the
stage, were banished from tragic costume ; in short,
'the heroines of Greece and Rome, the Queens of Carthage
and Babylon, the savages of Peru and Scandinavia,
ceased to be mixed up with things in the Almanach des
Modes. Posterity will long remember the services
Mdlle. Clairon rendered to the theatrical art by the
abolition of fancy costume, which confounded in one
common masquerade persons of all times and all
countries. We no longer see in such pieces as Cinna
or Andromaque actors clad as courtiers of Louis XIV.,
t or actresses dressed as mistresses of Louis XV.

We have experienced another week of the most
splendid weather, which has proved alike beneficial to
the latter harvest, and to the operations going on in the
hop plantations, the picking, which has become general,
having been pursued in this, and the adjoining county
of Kent, without interruption, no rain having fallen to
impede the progress of the many thousands of persons,
men, women, and children, employed in the various hop-
gardens. During the week past, considerable quantities
of hops were forwarded from the eastern part of this
county by the Hastings Railway, viii Lewes, for the
London market, and we make no doubt, as the season
advances, the growers will avail themselves to a greater
extent of this desirable and rapid mode of transit for
their hops to the tnetropolitan factors.—Sussex Advertiser
A Brussels letter of the sth inst. states that Don
Henry, who has for some time been living incognito at
Ostend, undor the title of Count d'Ares of Madrid, has
just pa. ,seeded to Ghent, accompanied by his aide-de-
gamy, M. Calvet.
A RAILWAY SMOKING SALOON.—Within the last ,
few days a novelty has been introduced on the Eastern
Counties Railway in the running of a very handsome
carriage, termed a smoking or excursion saloon, which,
from its elegant and peculiar construction, has excited
much interest. In size and form of build it much re.
sembles the royalcarriages on the Great Western, South-
Western, and other rilwa) s. 'l he peculiarity of a por-
tion of the Cambridge and Newmarket traffic suggested
to the company the formation of such a description of
carriage, and which certainly reflects great credit on
the skill of its manufacturer. Its extreme length is 40
feet, the body about 30 feet, the ends being converted
into a kind of open lounge. It runs on six wheels,
which are fitted with Adams's patent bow springs. The
internal decorations are of the most recherche description.
The seats extend the full length of the sides, and are
handsomely covered with morocco leather. A highly
polished mahogany table occupies the centre, the
entire fitted with self-balancing lamps. The sides
are lighted by eight plate glass windows of
unusual size, while the ends are fitted up with
four_ plates of looking-glass. Its drapery is com-
posed of bright crimson silk, formed in very grace-
ful design. The roof presents an exceedingly chaste
appearance. The . ground-work is painted white, the
mouldings being gilt, The general furniture is of richly
carved polished mahogany. The exterior is painted a
deep rnarone colour, ornamented with gold etchings, and
emblazined with the company's ciphers. It was manu-
factured by Mr. Adams, the company's carriage builder,
at Fairfield Works, Bow. It was launched on Friday
last, when Mr. Hudson, M.P., and a large party of tr:e
directors and friends, proceeded in it to Ipswich to a
grand entertainment at the seat of Mr. Bagshawe, the
late Member for Ipswich. Its easy movement was a sub-
ject of much praise. Several others on the same style
are in a forward state for the company. They will be
attached to all the fast trains to and from Cambridge,
passengers using them paying first-class fare. The com-
pany are having first class excursionist carriages made
of extraordinary length, similar to those employed on the
foreign lines, capable of holding 130 passengers each.
They will first be used on the North Woolwich line,
which is rapidly approaching completion.

THE HOPS IN KENT.
MAIDSTONE.—The hops have been doing well during
the last week. They are now cording fast to perfection.
Many planters began picking too early. They are nem
beginning to weigh well, and will be better still in a few
days, the weather very favourable for them. The)
fully meet the expectation 'of the planters in quantity,
but the weight generally disappoints them.
GOUDEIIIRST.—We are progressing very fast with
our picking, and according to the number of bushels
the general complaint is that of their weighing
very light, but the samples are fine and the quality good.
ROLVENDEN.—Picking is rapidly progressing, and
though them is some complaint respecting the weight,
we hope not to be disappointed in our previous estimate.
BRENCHLEY.—Those planters who have begun picking
are much disappointed in weight, while others. give
time for their hops to mature, and have not yet begun.
In general it re quires from 120 to 150 bushels to the
pocket of 1 cwt. 2 qrs.
SEAL AND IGHTHAl4L—Picking partially commenced
last week in this neighbourhood, and was quite general
yesterday. Where they have begun, there is a great
complaint of the hops weighing badly, requiring from 90
to 100 bushels to the cwt., and it can only be attributed
to their being such an extraordinary size.
CRANDROOL—There are some iew growers in this
locality complain rather of the hops being light, but we
find generally they realize expectations.
TIINBRIDGE.—Hop picking has commenced in this
neighbourhood, and will be general this week. Farmers
complain that they come very light to the scale. The
improvement during the last seven or eight weeks has
been wonderfu'. In places where it was thought there
would be nothing, there are now six and seven cwt. per
acre.—Maidstone Gazette of yesterday.

HYMENEAL ADVERTISEMENTS.
The Manchester Guardian has lately had a number of
advertisements from parties panting for partners in the
conjugal state—individuals evidently who had tried the
usual modes of procuring wives without success, and to
whom advertising in the public prints has become a
dernier ;resort. Some of these advertisements have
been remarkable for their coolness, the pennyless
speculator insisting that the honour of his hand was not
to be purchased at less than a few hundreds a year; while
others have exhibited a remarkable degree of modesty,
the advertiser gently intimating (in spite, doubtless, of a
bald, skull, a crooked back, a snub nose, and ati oval pair
of ligs), that he was " rather prepossessing in his ap-
pearance." If newspaper proprietors could adopt the
brule ofs. compelling each party who thus introduces him-
self to the compassionate attention of the fair sex to
permit a faithful portrait of himself to accompany his
advertisement, and also to make a deposit of a sufficient
sum of money or a sufficient number of title-deeds to
guarantee his ability to keep a wife, we warrant the
number of these advertising spouse-seekers would be
enormously diminished. The following advertisement,
which appears in the Guardian of Wednesday last, is a
decided improvement upon any we have yet seen. It is
so disinterested, so modest, and so argumentative, that it
can scarcely fail to bring brides by dozens through the

post:—
" MATRIMONY.—A gentleman of good education ant
character, a native of Lancashire, and for some years
past resident in Manchester, 35 years of age, and pos-
sessing an income of upwards of 2001. a year, wishes to
meet with a lady about his own age, or a few years
younger, suitable for a partner for lite. It is necessary
that she should have property producing something like
the same amount of income, which, however, would be
settled upon herself, with a jointure of 2,000/. or 3,000/.
besides. The advertiser is no fortune-hunter, but
perfectly independent as a bachelor ; and though de•
serous of changing his condition, would prefer remaining
as he is to marrying on his own income alone, which is
of a permanent though not a rapidly-increasing character.
This explanation is sufficient, he thinks, to account for
the adoption of this mode of seeking the attainment of
his object, preferring a business-like way of proceeding
in a pure matter of business, to the more usual course of
first paying addresses, in ignorance of, or on mere sur-
mise of the lady's pecuniary means or prospects, and
afterwa-ds coming to the consideration of the business
part of the subject—a course liable to serious objections,
and frequently ending in disappointment. So far from
being mercenary in his views, the advertiser is of a gene-
rous disposition, and more prone to dispose of money
for public and benevolent purposes than either to hoard
or lavish it selfishly. Being of quiet and domestic habits,
and fonder of comfort than show, the qualities he would
prize in a wife would rather be those which please at
home than those which shine abroad; and next to the
accomplishments of a good housewife, he would value
that of a tolerable proficiency in music, as most conducive
to domestic pleasures. Congeniality, at least, if not
complete identity of religious views,he considers essential ;
himself holding firmly the doctrines of Protestant evan-
gelical dissent. Though no bigot, but respecting the
conscientious belief of all, he would not unite himself
with one entertaining opinions the contrary of these. In
personal appearance and manners he hopes he would
not be considered repulsive, nor does he look for perfec-
tion in these respects; but good health and freedom from
all taint of hereditary complaint are essential. It is
hoped that no one whose eye this advertisement may
meet, and to whom it may be fairly applicable, will be
deterred from considerations of delicacy or timidity, since
a moment's reflection will show that in a majority of
cases marriages are contracted with less knowledge of
each other's feelings and dispositions than can be ob-
tained in this way, followed by a personal interview,
with a mutual determination to come to a frank expla-
nation end interchange of opinion. In the lottery of
matrimony, a prize may be drawn by this means as well
as by the mode sanctioned by custom. The advertiser
will satisfy every inquiry as to his character, history,
connexions, means, &c., and will require full informa-
tion on these points in return. Any communication
addressed to —, London, will be immediately for-
warded to the advertiser in Manchester." The adver-
tiser is uncommonly scrupulous about religious opinions,
nearly as much so, indeed, as he is shout the pec,uniary
capabilities of his fair victim. Nevertheless, if a Aiello-
metan, with 4001. a year. and a Christian with 501. only
should apply simultaneously, we have a shrewd guess
which beauty the evangelical gentleman would accept.—
Liverpool Standard.

•
A SLAVE STORY.
A slave girl belonging to the Ron. C. James Faulkner,
of Virginia, recently accompanied him and his family to
the Bedford Springs, Pennsylvania, where she was of
course free. Some of her own colour persuaded her to
quit her master and mistress, and escape with them to
freedom. (They seem to have supposed that she must
run and hide, whereas she was free without this, having
been brought into a free state by her master, and could
not have been legally held in slavery another moment.)
She went off with her new friends a dozen miles, but
her heart misgave her on finding herself entirely among
strangers, and with a rather gloomy prospect before her.
Freedom to a poor, ignorant woman, among entire
strangers, and with no probable means of getting a
living but the hardest and meanest drudgery, was
not the blessed' thing Fancy had painted it. She
resolved to return to her ever kind master and mis-
tress, and actually took her way to them on foot and
alone in the dark, and arrived at their lodgings
about midnight, way-worn indeed but right happy
to be once more with those who loved and had ever
cherished and befriended her. Mr. Faulkner told her
she was welcome to her liberty, and should have money
to go where she chose, but she rejected all such proffers,
and begged only to be received back into her old station.
This is by no means a singular case. Thousands have
seen Mr. Clay's black servant Charles, who has ac-
companied him not only in repeated journeys through
portions of the free states, but for hundreds of
miles through Canada. Some one spoke to Mr. Clay,
at Niagara, of the danger that this servant would
desert him to Canada; but he answered that if he chose
to do so he might and welcome, whether on one side
of the Niagara or the other. Charles is au intelligent,
shrewd man, and we presume he loves liberty ; but he did
not find that sort of liberty enjoyed by men of his colour
-in free states very inviting, ands e chose to stay where he
was sure of kind treatment nd a perpetual home.
Yet the abolition papers have recently given columns to
the tale of a runaway slave from Ashland, named Lewis
Richardson, who complains of great cruelty from Mr.
Clay's overseer, in being whipped for disobedience
of orders. Half a dozen of the neigh
united with the overseer in refuting these ca-
lumnies, showing that Lewis had been an exceed-
ingly vicious and troublesome fellow for years, had
been forbidden to set foot on sundry plantations for
misconduct, and has grossly exaggerated the whipping
he received, and misrepresented the whole affair. It ap-
pears further that after Lewis had run away a man wrote
Mr. Clay from Ohio that he could be apprehended and
sent back; but Mr. Clay replied, " By no means; I am
very glad to be rid of him." But to return more espe-
cially to the recent occurrence at Bedford Springs,
though these two together best illustrate the
thought we would impress on the reader's mind—
to wit : that of the entire practicability the perfect
facility of emancipation. The mass of the southern
people are deceived on this point. They speak and
seem to think of emancipation as if it would not only
derange but destroy southern cultivation, uproot every-
thing precious or pleasureable about them, and speedily
involve the whole country in conflagration, rapine,
and passacre. But nothing like this would be the
case. The actual change any way would be in-
finitely less than they imagine. Their good
servants would remain with them and in good
part be servants still, receiving wages indeed, but earn-
ing them as well, by the exercise of a skill, diligence, and
intelligence which a slave forbidden to read and write can
never acquire. They would raise cotton as cheap as now,
and, if not so much of it, their crop would bring as much
in the aggregate as at present. A more diversified, and
therefore more profitable industry would soon be exhibit-
ed. Lands would rise in value everywhere,and all that they
paid for wages and schools would be more than saved
is the increased efficiency and experience of their la-
bourers, and in the diminished cost of whips, police,
negro-dogs, man-hunters, &e. The best servants and
the best treated would stay where they are, and if the
idle and the vicious should in part wander off into the
Northern States, the South surely would not be the
loser. Why will they not cousider these things ? What
need of slavery to retain such servants as Mr. Faulkner's?
What wisdom or profit in it to retain such as Lewis
Richardson ?—New York Tribune.

___---
, A correspondent writes from Rome, 25th ult., in
the Augsburgh Gazelle—"Deputations are daily arriving
from different parts of the Itiman states, with addresses
of thanks to the Pope for the amnesty, The Bolognese
have addressed a letter to the Romans, thanking them
fur their symp:thy on this occasion. Copies of this
letter, finely written on parchment, have been distri-
buted to the hight_st members of the clergy, the Roman
Princes, and several savans and artists. Rossini is en-
gaged to compose the music of a hymn, written by Count
biarehetti, in commemoration of the amnesty."