The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-09 00:00:00

THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL.

Though but the preliminary jump of a new ad-
venturer among our monthly publications, the People's
Journal bears about it an impress of health and stability,
which at first is so newhat enigmatical, until we re-
member that its literary and artistic contributors are
equally experienced in the requisites for similar pub-
lication. What appears to be the most decided charac-
teristics about this serial is its fervid, and earnest, and
paramount advocacy of the populace. Nor is th:s tone
of earnestness, an affectation ; it bursts forth in bosom
gushes, it beats with the beating of an unseen but eloquent
heart ; it utters its bold ban upon oppression, it breaths a
soul sigh for the woes of poverty, it points to the on•
comings of better and brighter things ; its general
spirit is not that of morbid grumbling, but rather of a
heaven-born hopefulness. These qualities, however,
from their very sacredness, are restricted of course, to
the serious portion of each number; the lighter liters
ture abstains from the profanation of such themes—the
anomalous mingling together of grand truths and flip-
pant jokes. William llowitt gives two rather milk-and-
watery estimates of Charles Dickens and William
Wordsworth—men whose eulogy should not be sounded
forth in staid and formal periods, but in warm, and im-
petuous, and unstudied tones of love. We say advisedly
of love—for is that not a recompense well merited ?
Have they not severally attempted to excite within our
hearts affection for the Unseen and for the Seen .? And
have they not succeeded triumphantly in that beautiful
endeavour ?—have not their simple utterances stirred up
the waters of our inner-spirit ?—and are they not each
absolutely in some measure, what Shelley calls
" The silver key of the feuntain of tears!"
by moving our dearest sympathies " up from our heart
unto our eyes,"—and after this shall we not 'speak of
them boldly, plainly, lovingly, and cordially ? For
this quietude of style, William Hewitt is the very anti-
thesis of George Giltillan, who estimates passionately,
and yet discriminatingly. Some metrical ntorccaux of
Ebenezer Elliott ; two smart sketches from London So-
ciety, by Angus B. Reach, IA ith capital illustratijns, by
Kenny Meadows, (the couple of waiters in the tavern
scene being the very extravagance of drollery) ; with a
plentiful supply of other very en'ertaing matter, form
altogether a valuable and amusing magazine of more
than ordinary merit, for the surprising small sum of
eightp2nce halfpenny. So much enterprise, so much
ability, so much benevolence of purpose will not surely
go unrewarded or unnoticed.

Ei
eb
ft: but
Et
nutl l 7
A numerousScPololeßctialloGf brief capital contribu-
tions ; they are chiefly capital,
sinking down below even mediocrity, particularly
or two
(fortunately) short chapter, headed " A Safe SOta.""lyt
is an attempt at the graphic and conversational, which
sinks to the common-place, while it tagga on to a ckver
engraving from a painting by Arnfield upon the same
subject, like a briar to a lady's petticoat. Sweetmeat,
the property of Mr. A. W. Hill, is here presented to us
by the engraver of ['Acker, and a worthy descendant of
Lollipop he appears to be, from that limning. Scribble
gives a rollocking " Day with the Pytchley," and, with
some similar scrightly and roystering effusions, The
Sporting Review passes muster this month with no little
credit.

LORD LINCOLN and the ELECTORS
OF SOUTH NOTTS.

Lord Lincoln having vacated his seat for South Notting-
hamshire, by accepting the office of Chief Secretary for Ire-
land, has issued the following address to his late consti-
tuents:—

TO VIE ELECTORS OF THE SOTJTRERN DIVISION OF TUE

COUNTY OF NOTTLNGRAW.
" Gentlemen,—lt was this day propsed to me, through
the gracious favour of the Queen, that I should undertake
the important office of Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieute•
nant of Ireland.
" I have felt it to be my duty to accept that appointment,
and the seat in Parliament which I have occupied by your
suffrages for fourteen years has thereby become vacant.
" I hasten to solicit at your hands a renewal of the trust,
of which I hope I have not proved myse:f unworthy, either
by the step which I have now taken, or by any other act of
my political life.
" So far as mere personal considerations are concerned, I
might have hesitated at any other moment to exchange the
office which I lately held under the Crown for that which I
have now undertaken.

" Circumstances which have lately taken place amongst
you have, however, overruled every personal obkction, and
make me rejoice in a legitimate and constitutional oppor-
tunity of appearing at this particular juncture before the
constituent bolt' which has repeatedly honoured me with
its confidence.

" few days ago, I received the formal announce-
ment of a resolution passed unanimously at a meeting of
the Nottinghamshire Agricultural Protection Association,
calling upon me to resign my seat—a resolution in which
my ' honour ' was openly assailed—my first impulse was
to comply with the demand, and instantly appeal from that
meeting to the whole constituency by a new election. Re-
flection, however, and a deep sense of constitutional obliga-
tions forbade that course. _ _

" The Constitution does not recognise the right of a Mem-
ber of Parliament to divest himself of the trust confided to
him. It has not even given him the power to do so. The
resignation of his seat can only be accomplished by a fiction
—by a request for a nominal office at the hands of the
Crown. The principle of delegation is at variance with the
spirit of our institutions, and those who demur to the ex-
pediency of annual Parliaments are bound to resist such a
call as that which has been made upon me, come from whom

it may.
" I know that others, situated like myself, have lately
yielded to a keen sensibility of what was due to their
honour, called in question as mine has been. I honour and
respect their motives, whilst I deprecate the step they have
taken, and fear that they hardly foresee the consequences of

their example.
"Neither they nnr I were sent to Parliament as agents or
advocates of one interest in preference to others, but as
Members of a del:berate assembly bound to legislate for the
good of all—for the interest of the nation as a whole. Of
thlt whole you form an important part ; and in my conscience
Pbelieye that neither have I heretofore done, nor am 1 now
doing, that of which in calmer times you will have reason to
complain.
"I am told that I shall be opposed by a candidate put
fcrward by the Agricultural Protection Society. Let me
warn you of the danger of submitting to the dictation of
any political association or club, however respectable may
be its members. That danger is increased when, as in the
case of the Protection Society, such a club is, if not affi-
liated to, at least in direct communication with, and acting
under the direction of, a central body sitting. in London.
Believe me, such a system is fraught with mischief to all
interests, but especially to that which this Society professes
to protect. •
" Whilst, however, I repudiate the principle of being your
delegate, and claim the highest position of your representa-
tive, I freely recognise your right to the fullest and most ex-
plicit expression of my opinions upon all political subjects. I
will, therefore, attend any meeting in any part of the division
to which you may summon me, between this time and the
day of election, to discuss with you the measures lately in-
troduced by her Majesty's Government, and at my nomi-
natioa at Newark you shall find me ready to explain and to
justify my conduct.
" I cannot within the limits of an address enter into the
details of so large and comprehensive a scheme of commercial
policy as that lately laid berore the House of Commons. This
much, however, I am bound in candour, when addressing an
agricultural constituency, to say—that on the question of the
corn-laws my opinions are changed. In 1841, honestly, and
not from any party motive, I advocated measures for what is
now called ' Protection of native industry.' Mature re-
flection,—constant and anxious consideration of the subject,—
attention year after year to the arguments brought forward
in the House on one side and on the other,—above all, the
experience of the last four years have convinced me, not that
the corn-laws alone should be abolished, but that our whole
commercial system should be subjected to a great, a bold,
and a comprehensive revision. _

" This change of opinton has not come suddenly upon me.
Three years ago my confidence in the principles of protec-
tion was greatly shaken,—last year I felt that they had be-
come indefensible. Still, looking to the mischief of any
violent shock to party attachment snot for the sake of the
leaders of party, but for the sake of public confidence), and
conscious of the peculiar circumstances under which the
present Parliament was elected, I felt anxious that, if pos-
sible, this great but inevitable change should be postponed
till after the next dissolution of Parliament. This, however,
I had firmly resolved—that I would never again appear be-
fore you on the hustings without an express stipulation that
I should be free to vote for the repeal of the corn• laws.
"But, in the autumn of last year, it pleased Provi.lence to
visit our country, and more especially the sister island, with
an infliction which some have ventured to doubt, nay, even
to deride, but the alarming extent of which I greatly fear
has yet to be unfolded. Thus the desires of politicians have
been frustrated, the calculations of statesmen have been
thwarted. W hat would have been praiseworthy caution and
deference to existing circumstances, in times of abundance
and prosperity, would now be culpable neglect, or a slavish
submission to the fear of reproach and personal odium.
'• The Government has bean compelled, by an imperative
sense of duty, to bring forward at once a final settlement of
the;e questions, for none but a final settlement—no half
measures—no temporising expedients—could ever, again be
entertained; and I am prepared to adopt ~my full share of
the responsibility which must attach to the members of a
Government which has endeavoured to reconcile in a great
and comprehensive scheme the various, but not conflicting
interests of the country.
" I regret that the shortness of the interval between the
issue of the writ and the day of election will not allow me to
wait personally upon each of you at your houses. I have, on
this account, suffered my address to run to greater length
than I could have otherwise desired.

" Again, I must assure you that, after the imputations
which have been cast upon my motives and my conduct, I
hail with satisfaction an opportunity of appealing to your
suffrages. I look forward with confidence to the result, and
anticipate with no faltering hope my return to Parliament,
for the sixth time, as your representative —I have the honour
to be, Gentlemen, your ever faithful friend and servant,
" Whitehall- place, Feb. 7." " LINCOLN."

THE REPRESENTATION OF EAST

The retirement from Parliament of the doubting Lord
Henniker affords the tenant-farmers of East Suffolk an op-
portunity of rescuing themselves from the thraldom which
has so long oppressed them, and which was so unblushingly
declared by the now sole Member for East Suffolk, Lord
Rendlesham, in his notorious assertion of the " landlord in-
fluence" on the hustings at Ipswich, in April, 1843. The de-
risive shout which met that indolent taunt albeit that the
tenantry of East Suffolk were compelled to " pocket the
affront"—was an indication of the working change in their
minds since 1841. It is now for them to throw back the taunt
upon their noble representative( ?), and following theglorious
example of the West Riding ofrorldhire, assert the influence
of the many over the few, the nation over the oligarchy.
Mr. Alexander Shafto Adair has loosened the "screw" in
East Stiffolk, and hi the short interval het•Ween the election
of June, 1841, and that of April, 1843, ho had reduced the
Conservative majority 341 votes, under the most unfavour-
able circumstances—a Tory Government high in favour; but
partly by the aid of the Canada flour question. If that slight
movement towards a liberal palicy in commerce worked such
wonders in the agricultural county of East Stiffolk, what will
be the result of the Government's free-trade declarations?
It will be for Mr. Adair to give the electors another chance
of throwing off the influence of the Bences and the Myddle-
tons, if Lord Rendleshant should dafe to hazard a nominee,
and to show that his pledge to buckle do his armour and
" shiver another lance in the lists' of reform was not an idle
one. The unanimity ttianifeated a short time since at the
meeting at Framlitigham Castle augurs much for hls success
if he should again come forward.
The following to Lord llenriker's farewell address :
"TO THE ELECTORS OF TIIE EASTERN DIVISION OF SUFFOLK.

country, I will in sincerity assure you that there is no one
more truly attached than myself to the Established Church,
and my exertions will ever be used to preserve, unimpaired,
the Protestant religion.
" Upon the important question of the corn-laws, I at once
frankly avow my decided opposition to the measures now in-
troduced by the Government, and my desire and determina-
tion to endeavour to preserve that protection which the agri-
cultural interest has hitherto possessed, and to which it has
so just a claim.

I have ever felt respect and sympathy for the industrious
classes: my attention shall be given to the subject of the
poor-laws, being desirous to do all I can to ameliorate them,
to insure to the labourer and his family every possible com-
fort, and to protect their interests.
"I neei not add how gratifying it will be to ms to promote
to the utmost the interests of the town of Buckingham and
its neighbourhood; and shall always feel anxious to carry
out the wishes of the inhabitants, and to have the gratifica-
tion of frequently communicating with them, and receiving
tl-eir opinions.
" I hope to have the honour, before the day of election, of
waiting upon you, and again repeating my grateful thanks
for your kindness and good opinion, which I hope, by honest
conduct, with the bles6ing of God, to retain through life.--
I the honour to remain, Gentlemen, your faithful and
obedient servant, " CHAN DOS.
"Stowe, Feb. 6."

LORD JOCELYN.
THE REPRESENTATION OF LYNN.

SUFFOLK.

and elfanvc'irivisi
approbation, itu
911 of this county in four successive Parliaments,
eastern
Gentlemen,—having had the honour of representing the
sta„n .crehse havei e m °beer:
713ncgautatfopredrieoodp, erenjoytedtoyo IntirccotnhfiadtecnictLainiid.
rfoefdthWehleh li
the high trust so long reposed
present
in me.
iLg,
fiVe Induced Ille to relinquish
policy I have cordially Government, whose general
supported,important subject
having thought it advisable
of the corn-laws to the
to introduce the im
consideration of the Legislature, with a strong erp
it?erseesasiton o
their opinion that a relaxation of those laws at the
mo-
ment, and their total repeal after a Pnv years, are essential to
tile iiiitilid Welfare, I have felt thyself called Upon to refson-
tide the subject and the objects ef them ; and I confess I ant
unable entirely to satisfy myself what course I ought to pur-
sue consistently with my implied promises to you other tbsp
that I have adopted;
" I ray deliiioWiedge that, at the Wit gOibriii. eletiitini I
declared the maintenance of protective laws to be indispen-
sable to the interests of 4,,piculture, en which, I need
scarcely remind you, Inv 6ivn are dependent, and I vir-
tually pledged myself to uphold that opinion ;—but, from
the statements and reasons adduced by the first Minister of
the Crown, with the dimwit unanimous concurrence of the
Cabinet, toititiosetl a it is of many persons of the highest
ehtlfacter for ability and experience, and whose interests are
identified. with thoso of agriculture, I am so far rendered
doubtfol in regard to my previous convictions, that I do not
leel I ki,rild Colticientiontly performmy duty without entire
iberty of action, and exemption from all former understOOd
pledges, &c.
"Plated in Ma pripition, I are po alternative but to re-
sign my scat in Parliament, fof tithefiifisti in case of my
cOnturrence in the views of the Government; f must hats
sided inceriSistently With tit ttviii oirstieriticars totivictionS
in opposingtheit, or wills Jo ittiplied *Wises td you/ ill
Supportiit,them;
..I have, therefdre'.thiiday takefi the Mal
Cot* ill aceoiiiplisittrig Or diterdination:
d In timing leave or yen, Pefitilt itie id Say, shat your con=
slant kindness and consideration for me call for did tiiptel•
sion of My warmest thanks; your confidence hitherto has
ilett litOt crlittifflng te ine, end it has been, indeed, a source
o satisfaCtion to rtie to have had the Opportunity of forming
friendships with Very Mau' fth' whom I entertain sincere
regard, Ind I hd}?fi tiddt the frietitli, agntiments I have ex-
perienced may continue unabated.
" Withgreat esteem, and fervent wishes for your prosperity
and happiness, I have the honour to be, gentlemen, your
very faithful and obedient servant,
" 1711QPII4r11 41111: Feb, 4, 1545."

The Norfolk News, after quoting the paragraph which ap-
peared on this subject in The Sun, says :—We copy this
paragraph, as it fully accords with our own views, as to the
loyal ami independent borough of King's Lynn being un-
der the direction of Lord George Beatinck ; at least, that it
is so understood in the upper circles in town. It will
be remembered, that his Lordship turned out Lord William
Lennox,—at least, it Was so stated at the time; and in the '
exercise of his power in this pocket borough, he has now
doubtless been the main instrument of relieving the electors
of Lynn of another of their representatives. When the
paragraph which appeared in last. week's paper was written,
not even a rumour had reached us that there was a probability
of an election prior to the anticipated general one, but the last
few days have disclosed an organised attempt to obtain one.
It appears that a depilation' by whom sent we have not
yet learned, waited upon Lord Jocelyn, in town, for the pur-
pose of ascertaining his views on the corn tariff of Sir Ro-
bert Peel, and whether it was his intention to support him ;
the nature of his Lordship's reply has led to the tender of his
resignation, which was received last Sunday; and, the result
is, that after consultation, it was decided to invite a few of the
burgesses to a meeting at the Town Hall, on Wednesday
last, care being taken that no one should be present who dif-
fered with the "leaders" on the score of Protection, and, ex-
cept in the case of two or three merchants, no one who dif-
fered with them in politics. We know that about forty per-
sons attended this meeting, and that though strictly a" pro-
tectionist; one, yet some difference of opinion existed as to
the policy of accepting the Noble Lord's resignation: this is
not much to bo wondered at, considering that these very
men are first and foremost to condemn the system of
"pledges," when resorted to by their opponents, and the con-
sequence was, that a specific motion by Richard Bagge, Esq.,
seconded by T. A. Carter, Esq., that Lord Jocelyn's resigna-
tion be accepted; and it was moved as an amendment, by
F. Cresswell, Esq., (Mayor), and seconded by the Rev. John
Bransby, (we do not pledge ourselves to the exact words),
that Lord Jocelyn's resignation be not accepted, but that. his
Lordship be at liberty to vote upon the question as he may
think best. On the question being put, there appeared ten
for the amendment, and 27 for the original motion, which
was according cadied. A deputation was then appointed,
consisting of Richard Bagge, Esq., and Everard, Esq., to
wait upon his Lordship in town, and acquaint him with the
result of the meeting. It was now urged by a solicitor, who
had voted in the majority, that unless the minority were
prepared to remain neutral in case of a contest, that they
had better retire, as it was necessary that the meeting should
be unanimous on the proceedings which would follow; five
only of the minority felt it to be their duty to withdraw.
Se much for Lynn consistency. The appointment of Lord
Jocelyn's successor was next discussed, and the result was
that the deputation were requested to wait on Attwood,
Esq., London, the Tory gentleman who opposed Lord John
Russell in the City election, and offer him the vacant seat;
and in the event of this failing, the name of Bond Cabell,
Esq., was named as a second chance. The gentlemen of the
deputation left for London, but were two late, as we are in-
formed, for the train that evening; and here ended acted the
first of a farce now performing in this borough, under the
distinguished patronage of the patriotic Duke of Portland.
We have already stated that Lord Jocelyn's letter reached
Lynn on Sunday morning, and that a deputation had pre-
viously bad an interview with his Lordship. This was con-
firmed by the appearance of his Lordship's address on Thurs-
day evening, one day after the meeting was held, at which it
WAS decided to accept his resignation, notwithstanding the
request made in his Lordship's letter that "as soon as I am
informed by you that this paper has been made public to my
constituents, and they are desirous of taking advantage of
my resignation, I will make application for the Chiltern
Hundreds, and the writ will be moved for a new election."
It is therefore palpably evident that the conditions upon
which his Lordship resigned have not been complied with,
unless it can be shown that the 37 invited electors represent
the 900 electors of Leeds. We hope that no other borough
in the kingdom, containing from 16,000 to 17,000 inhabitants
with nearly 1000 registered electors, will ever have laid to its
charge the disgraceful and disreputable accusation that it
sold its electoral rights for a mess of pottage.

REPRESENTATION OF SELKIRK-

SHIRE.

THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON Allb THE DOVER
Vouncreuns.—Last week we noticed that active steps were
being adopted by an influential class of our young and,
spirited townsmen, to constitute themselves into a bddy Of
volunteers, to avoid the less noble militia Service in the event
of the embodiment of that corps. Pursuant to this purpose,
John Hunt, Esq., town councillor, last week addressed a
letter to our Lord Warden, the Duke of Wellington, re-
questing; his Grace, in the event of the militia being called
out, to allow the parties in question to act as volunteers
within this ancient Cinque Port. To Mr. Hunt's letter his
Grace has sent the following reply, which puts at rest the
notion -which had got abroad that it was the inteutioll of the
Government shortly to call out the militia
"L"::,011, r.eb. 3, 1844.
presents his corn.
...as received tale lettet, the
the Cinque Pdrts, nttd tile Coil'
e Army I but he is not aware that in
alts legal ettthority to enable him id eige:
oodles ot armed men in the Cinque fl
_.ormation upon the intentidti at the calling out of
..alitit6 It has been stated that one of her Majesty's
ants has given notice, in the House of Paelieriietit of which
he is not a member, Of hit latentied td introduce a fill for
the amendment of the militia laws. The Duke has not heard
that such Main been introduced,
"John Hunt, EP.ci., "Doyeto'
ITNinitcatotnit) Itoottit,=--A correspondent of ?;Ile
L' udder, adverting t 8 the contemplated revision of the Ite-
tropolitau 111111 dings Act, draws attention to Seheddle
which 'will render tenantless the underground apartments of
nearly the whole of the small houses in London, after July,
1846, without remunerating the owners for the le .t yr Niti
for the same, although each of these houses
has been built
a
agreeably to the old Act, and -- the inSpeettell Oi int
several district surveyor!,lihould Schedule IC be hot yen-
tirely erased from the
e• h
....ddings are cotteett leil , provision
";,cv Act at the ei.peetetl 50
far a 8 existing
should be m^
—uo to rematterate the Alleys of such property,
who are general small tearinmen and frugal mechanics,
Per.ons who dug t to he assisted and not inured by Acts of
t'arliament. 20,000,0001. were not long since voted to re-
munerate the rich owners of human flesh whose property in
the same was prohibited by Act of Parliament.
ROYAL HARWIciI YACHT CLUB.—William Knight,
Esq., the Rear-Commodase of this club, has just received a
letter from his Excellency the Danish Minister at the Court
of London Stating that the yachts of the club shall be free
from the charges in the harbours of that country. The
Harwich Yacht Club now cent,iins forty-four sail, in addition
to a few on the stocks; the privilege now conceded by
Den Mark has already been granted to the club lay eleven
other powers, including liana ver, Prussia, Holland,, Belgium,
Portugal, &c. ThwHarwich a •egatta is fixed for J sly next.
ARRAN.—We baste- reeei ved a communicat ion from
correspondent in the* iefands of Arran, stating tha t fever pre-
arming extant among the poor iii ilititll44B 9(
Gala Wag—, GituiciaVotow.

On Friday the nomination for this county took place in the
town of Selkirk.
Mr. PRINGLE, of Whytbank, proposed Mr. Elliot Lock-
hart, of Rorthwickbrae, the nomination being seconded by
Mr. Scott, of Gala.
Mr. GRIEVE, a farmer, proposed Mr. Murray, junior, of
Philiphaugh, which was seconded by Mr. GILL, a manufac-
turer.
Mr. LOCKHART then addressed the meeting, and was foi-
-1 owed by his opponent. Mr. MURRAY, who declared himself
a thorough free-trader, suporting the League in all its acts.
The Loan PROVOST of Edinburgh then came forward and
put a number of questions to Mr. Lockhart. The answers
elicited to these questions were, that Mr. Lockhart thought
Sir Robert Peel had gone too far in his measure. The ques-
tions referred to Sir Robert Peel's measure—the equalisation
of the prison assessment in the burghs and counties—sites
for the Free Church, &c. Mr. Lockhart thought Sir Robert's
measure went too far. He was not prepared to give an
opinion in regard to the prison assessment; and in reference
to the Free Church, he stated that he would have no objec-
tion to give sites if clear cases were made out that such were
needed in the particular localities where they were requested.
The SHERIFF, without taking a show of hands, asked if a
poll was desired, when Mr. Pringle, on the part of Mr. Lock-
hart, demanded a poll. Great dissatisfaction being expressed
at the Sheriff's conduct, in departing from the usual custom,
the Hon. Mr. Elliott, after that functionary had retired,
asked for a show of hands, when only one was held up for
Lockhart, and almost the entire assemblage for Mr. Murray.
Three cheers were then given in rotation, on the motion of
the Hon. Mr. Elliott, for the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, the
free-trade Duke of Buccleuch, and the measure of Sir Robert
Peel. The assemblage then quietly dispersed.
We understand that Mr. Murray has protested against the
validity of the proceedings, on account of a show of hands not
being taken.

"Pield-Marshal the Duke of Way'
pliments to Mr. Hunt. He
Duke is the Lord Warden
mander-in-Chief of 0-
either capacity he
also and fort],
has no in'
the

" lIENNIKER.

so deeply obliged.
accepting honesty of purpose to compensate for the want of
superior talent and experience ; assuring you that my best
services shall always be at your command.
The following address has been issued by the Marquis of
Chandos to the worthy and independent electors of the
borough of Buckingham and its boundary parishes :
"Gentlemen,—l hasten to thank you most sincerely for
the honour you have conferred on me, by the requisition so
numerously signed, to offer myself as a candidate •to repre-
sent your borough in Parliament.
" More consonant would it have been to my. wishes and
feelings to have remained for the present a private indivi-
dual in your neighbourhood; but after this most gratifying
proof of your good opinion and regard, I cannot decline the
request, and offer my humble but faithful services to those
idtrAgMA:Terolu:cNonfidOencFe I am
for wioisleEunvitaryEin
" Untried in political life, I must entirely depend on your
" As regards my opinions upon some of t,1141 important
oubjecus riat M 114 titan Octal/ thil iltrattieJl of thv
gl3PtikßEdKnsieNssEGNain

SUN, LON DO'N, MONDAY
_EVEN N FEBRUAIt V 9, 1 a 16.

THE POTATO CROP.

The following is an extract from a report of the Commis-
sioners of Inquiry into matters connected with the failure of
the potato crop :

Dublin Castle, Jan. 20, 1846.
We have not understood it to bo within our province to
suggest to the Government measures involving important
questions of pokey; but we consider it not only within our
province, but our imperative duty, to bring, without further
delay, under the notice of Government, a state of circum-
stances which appears to us to call for immediate considera-
tion, and in which questions of policy may be involved.
Two questions of very pressing nature have been under the
consideration of the board. which, for the present, have been
disposed of by a suggestion that those interested in the re-
spective localities shall avail themselves of the Act 1 Viet.,
c. 21, which enables the Board of Works, upon certain pre-
liminaries being taken, to advance money for the execution
of local works.
We beg to refer your Excellency to the reports of these
cases, and especially to that of Nebber, as presenting pro-
bable indications of that which must be expected in very
many instances to occur. We cannot disguise from our-
selves, that the remedy we have suggested in these cases
may failr of being successfully adopted, and if adopted, may
be but a temporary alleviation of the distress then prevail-
ing; and that numerouse cases of distress aro likely to occur
and some are near at hand, for which neither the Act
pcinted out by us, nor any other, as far as we know, in exist-
ence or in the contemplation of Government, can provide an
effectual remedy.
It appears, from undoubted authority, that of 32 counties
in Ireland, not one has escaped failure in the potato crop; of
130 poor-law unions, not one is exempt; of 2,050 electoral
divisions, above 1,400 are certainly reported as having suf-
fered; and we have no certainty, until the receipt of more
minute returns, now in progress of completion, that the re-
maining 600 have altogether escaped.
Every variety, in point of extent of loss, and every shade
of subdivision in point of locality, will be found in the re-
turns laid before us; and this circumstance, while it implies
an exemption from widely extended and uninterrupted loss
in one continuous locality, complicates, on the other hand,
and renders difficult the application of relief in the manner
apparently most desirable, by employment in labour.
The poor-houses will, without doubt, be found a most im
portant means of relief, and ws consider it a most providen-
tial circumstance that such an extensive resource is available
against a calamity more widely extended, and more serious
in its nature, than any that has affected the Irish poor since
the year 1817. We have the satisfaction to know that the
resource is still open to a very great extent, and that even in
the most distressed district the poor-houses are very far from
beingfull. We look with anxious a' tention to their progress
towards repletion, as a strong, though not conclusive indica-
tion of the state of the union to which they belong. We
refer, however, to the constabulary report of the recent oc-
currence at the poor-house at Kells (in which union Nobber
is situated), for a proof that it would be unsafe to rely upon
the state of the respective poor-houses, either as a certain
test of the amount of distress in the union, or as a sole re-
source for its relief.
The ordinary expenditure for one year of the poor-houses
in Ireland Is about 260,0001., including established charges,
repairs and instalments for repayment of building ; and
taking the largest pecuniary estimate of the relief which
their capacity would afford, we cannot consider it as at all
equivalent to meet any such deficiency in the crop as that
estimated.
In turning therefore from this branch of resource for the
poor to those afforded by existing and contemplated laws
for the encouragement of public works, we are met by diffi-
culties attaching peculiarly to the present emergency.
In all cases of public distress, it, is necessary, as stated by
the Commission of 1822 (16th May), to prefer small local
undertakings, where employment in labour is to be given, to
those on a great scale. Works on, a greater scale have a
tendency to invite an accumulation of numbers to a given
spot, and probably to disappoint the greater part of them.
That which is necessary on all such occasions is pecu-
liarly necessary now: the extreme variety in the extent of
the potato failure, and the minute and insulated subdivisions
of land in which it prevails, lead us to entertain the greatest
doubt whether any adjustment of public works can be made
to meet the need wherever it may occur; and it must be
met, or death from famine may be the result.
Sir John M'Neill, a highly competent authority, in a
document cubmeneenfitttraorf!semmirttleodymtoenuts,
in
publictimates
wthoerkdsisetxantecneLoatwhil etfivei
miles only. (Signed)
EDWARD LUCAS, Chairman.

THE POTATO DISEASE.
The following is a copy of the report of the Commissioners
appointed by the Government to inquire into the extent of
the disease in the potato crop in Ireland, extracts from which
were read by Sir Robert reel, in his speech on the 22d ult.,
and which has been laid on the table of the House of Com-
mons by Sir J. Graham, at the request of Mr. Newdegate
" London, Nov. 15,1845.

" Sir,—With reference to the conversation we had the
honour to hold with you to-day at the Home-office, and
your wish that our individual opinions as to the extent of the
potato disease should be communicated in writing, we have
the honour to make the following statement
During our stay in Ireland, we carefully examined such
official papers as were transmitted to us from the Castle; we
consulted persons acquainted with the facts of the disease ;
we visited the district lying between Dublin and Drogheda,
and inspected various potato fields and stores in the counties
of Dublin, Louth, Meath, Westmeath, and part of Kildare.
Judging front the evidence thus collected, and from what
we have seen of the progress of the disease in England, we
can come to no other conclusion than that one-half of the
potato crop of Ireland is either destroyed or remains in a
state unfit for the food of man. We, moreover, feel it our
duty to apprise you that we fear this to be a low estimate. '
"It is, doubtless, true that in some places a much larger
proportion of the crop is apparently safe ; but, on the other
hand, there are districts where it is not too much to say that
the crop is lost. ' For example, we may mention a large field
at Skerries, where not more than one potato in twenty was
found by us in a state which would admit of preservation ;
and auothea near Oldbridge, in which, from the want of skill
in the owner, all appeared to be perishing in the pits; and
we have proof that these are not rare examples.
" We would even add, melancholy as the picture is, that in
all proability the late rainy weather has rendered the mis-
chief yet grcater4
" Of the remaining half thus assumed to be capable of pre-
servation, there can be no doubt that the principal part may
be relied upon as food for the ensuing winter, provided the
methods of storing which we have indicated are followed.
But, considering the means, or rather want of means on the
part of the Irish peasant, the wetness of the climate, the
disputes between landlord and tenant, and perhaps the de-
spair or other feelings of the poor cultivators, we dare not
venture to hope that our plans, simple as they are, will be
fully carried out; and in the meanwhile more of the crop
will disappear.
" It is also necessary. to direct your attention to the quan-
tity of seed potatoes which must be reserved for the coming
ear if the cultivation*. of the land is to be persevered in
We can state that en 5-,1 average one-eighth of a crop is re-
qnired fur planting the same quantity of ground; so that, in
fact, only thre-eights of the crop can, in our view, be at this
moment assumed to be aosailable as food.
" There is an opinion that upon the whole the potato crop
is this year a very large: one. We regret to add that we
have been unable to obt. sin any proof of this. On the con-
trary, we have seen that the crop was small, and we have
it in evidence that it is hi Row the average; but we have also
seen it to be heavy, and we, therefore, conclude that it may
perhaps be an average cr op.
" We are not sufficien,;ly acquainted with the habits of the
Irish peasantry to be abhe to state at what time the want of
food from the failure of their potatoes may be first expected.
—We have the honour to remain, Sir, your most faithfu'
servants,

" JOHN LINDLEY,
" LYON PLAYFAIR.
" The Right I; on. Sir a. Graham, DIX., &c."

THE LAT.E :EXTRAORDINARY
ERDICT.
TO THE _EDITOR OF THE SUN.

- - -
SIFY—If it will not be et croaching on your valuable space,
will you allow me, thrortgla the medium of your journal, to
ask two questions of tl Lose enlightened jurymen, who dis-
played so much judgment k!nd humanity in the case of the
unparallelled monster, C. Iptam Johnstone?
The first point on chi, I should like to be informed is,
whether a man's drinking• to excess, with a view to embolden
him to commit some att scions deed, is a sufficient plea f,,r
insanity? If so, I shoo Id advise all murderers, ere they
proceed to their awful task, to take to drinking a day or two
beforehand, when they will undergo a mock ceremony, called
a trial, and Le acquitted cat the ground of insanity.
Why wak, Tapping hung, -who shot his sweetheart in a fit
of jealousy, which amounts to nothing less than temporary
insanity ?
The second question I w ould ask is, whether they took
their own views .of the case f ,r those of the counsel for the de-
fendant? It wom'd seem t hey were entirely guided by the
latter. Thus the nrunary object of juries has been frus-
trated. bun able and obedient servant,
JUSTITIA.

[Anvzwrisnltnerr.l Deafness and Defectivalrision
Rellievecl.—The undermenti, 91-led sent into the country free by
p0g..._39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, and 25, South Cas-
tle.atreet, Edinburgh.—Acousti, g Instruments.—lnvisible Voice
Conductors, when fixed in. ths• cavity of the ears, are not un-
comfortable, nor more per ceptible than having a small piece of
wool in its place. They el aalalet individuals at an advanced age, '
and of extreme deafness of 40 and 50 years' standing, instantly
to join in general conversation, and to catch the snrind of a
distant low speaker at c;turch, theatre, &c. They pour the
conversatio,a into the eats to such an extent that in the most
severe easek deafness etumot be observed. Also, original
Ear Cornets, French, German, and Spanish Artificial Ears,
and Improved Hearing Trutipets of every description. Many
of those instrtonents hays received the approbation of the
Royal Society an 4 Royal Institution of Great Britain. The
newly-invented Si ,ectacles, immediately they are placed before
extremely imparter'', vision, it is brought to its youthful, natural
and original state. Ale°, Achromatic Telescopes, Opera
Glasses, Microecopes, Ac. Caution—Messrs. S. and 73. Solo-
mons, Opticians, are not in any way connected with a person
of the same name in their immediate neighbourhood, nor in any
part of the country. To prevent mistakes, be cautious, and
Observe—Only to be ka at 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly,
oppo
and 25, South Castle.street, Edin-
file the York HMO,
burgh.
_'HOLLOWAY'S PILLS AND
LADVVRTISEMENT.)
1111,E CURE Or PILES, FISTULAS,
OINTMENT.—A RENIARK.
AND BEARINGS-POWN.—A half. pay lieutenant, lately resi-
ding at St. Heliers, Jersey, whose name, by request, is
suffered from piles and fistula,
f the most distressing nature.
omitted, had for three years
besides a general bearing down o.
He had twice undergone an opera..tion. but to no purpose, and
at last gave himself up to despair. Yet, notwithstanding this
complication of complaints, together with a debilitated con-
,titution he was completely cured of all his infirmities, and
reste.red to the fullest enjoyment of health by Holloway's Pills
and Ointmemt.—Sold by all druggists and at Professor Hol-
loway's Estaislishment, 244, Strand, London
yLkx GILOWING IN lICELAND.—The committo of the
soelsty for the Promotion and Improvement of the Growth
of Fla-s: in Irela.nd, met at Belfast on the 28th ult., when a
most favourable Teport of the progress of the society in in-
troducing the growth of fltst into the south-west and centre
of Ireland vas read. The secretary stated that agriculturists
of the society' bad visitecl districts in the counties of Kil-
kenny, Cork, Berry, Mayt,, Roscommon, Longford, Leitrim,
King's and landnt, and Westmeath. In all these
they had selected for -ilax, and their report was highly
favourable as to the quality of the soil and the growth of the
crop. A letter was slso read from an English flax grower,
Mr Warnes, of Tirmi:ligham, Norfolk, in which it was stated
that, owing to the ahtctd ant employment to women and chl-
dren created by the eD 'owing and preparing of flax, there
were now no pour-rates iz his parish.
informed that immediately upon
DUFFIELD.—We are
Sir Robert Peel's financial h tatement becoming known, orders
issued from b Ith the firms at Helper few all the
were speedily
hands then on strike to re turn to work, which accordingly
has been complied with in this town, the men having gone
in at their former vice,. Si great is the scarcity of hands
that the bellman has actually L isen sent round for the purpose
of soliciting workmta.—Nettingirom Review.

COMMITTAL of a SIIAREBROKER

FOR FORGERY.

On Saturday last Herman Julius Marcus, a stock and share-
broker carrying on business in Leeds, was brought before the
Mayor (Mr. .1. D. Luecock) and Mr. E. Baines and Mr. D.
W. Nell, two of the Leeds borough justices, for final e?catni-
nation on a charge of forgery. The examination terminated
in the committal of the prisoner for trial at the ensuing as-
sizes at York, but the magistrates consented to admit the
prisoner to bail—himself being bound in reeognizances to
the amount of 3001, and sureties to the same amount. The
case is one of a rather peculiar character, and from the re-
spectability of the prisoner, his position in society, and other
circumstances, great interest has been excited in Leeds by
the discovery of the alleged forgery, and the Borough Court-
house, in which the examination took place, was crowded in
every part by the principal merchants, tradesmen, share-
brokers, and other respectable inhabitants of the town and
neighbourhood. Before giving an outline of the facts of the
care, as developed by the evidence, we may mention
that Mr. Marcus, who is a German by birth, but
has been naturalised in England by a special Act of Parlia-
ment passed some years ag , has resided in Leeds a long
time, and followed the business of a wool-broker, till the
spring of last year, when he gave up that business, and
started as a stock and sharebroker, in partnership with a
gentleman named Naylor, under the firm of Marcus, Nay-
lor, and Co. The partnership, however, was dissolved
some few months ago, and after the alleged forgery was
committed, but of the forgery Mr. Naylor appears to have
had not the slightest knowledge or suspicion till it was dis-
covered a few days ago. Mr. Marcus for many years past
has taken an active part in the management of the Me-
chanics' Ingitute, the Philosophicel and Literary Society,
and some other institutions for the promotion of know-
ledge, as ere'l as others for benevolent and charitable ob-
jects. He is a man of considerable natural abilities and
mental acquirements, and has hitherto beea received in
society as a man of irreproachable character. The party
whose name he is alleged to have forged was one of his
mostintimate friends, Air. Darnton Lupton, a magistrate of
the borough, and the Mayor of Leeds for the year ending
the 9th of November hst. The facts of the case may be
briefly stated as follows :—ln the month of July last, Mr.
Marcus bought of M. Henry Ellythorpe Robson, of Liver-
pool, 87 shares in the London and Croydon Railway for the
sum of 1,999/., and also 13 other shares in the same railway
for the sum of 2991. On the usual transfer deeds for the
transfer of these shares being executed, Mr. Marcus had the
deeds filled up in the form of a transfer of the shares to Mr.
Lupton, and he signed the name " Darnton Lupton" to the
deeds, in the capacity of the transferee, and put his own
name, '•H. J. Marcus," as the attesting witness. The 100
London and Croydon shares thus bought were afterwards
sold by Messrs. Marcus and Naylor, in lots, to five or six
different persons ; an,. in the various deeds necessary for the
transfer of the different lots of shares, Mr. Marcus signed
the name of Mr. Lupton as the transferer. The money for
the purchase of the shares was paid by,the firm, and the va-
rious transactions were entered in the partnership books as
on account of Mr. Lupton ; but Mr. Lupton denied that he
had anything to do with the purchase or sale of the shares,
and that Mr. Marcus had no authority from him to sign his
name. The whole 100 shares were sold for about 174/.los.
more than they cost, which balance-Alr..NaYlor. said he un-
derstood had been paid by Mr. Marcus to Mr. Lupton, for he
(Mr. Naylor) had got none of it.
Mr. Sanderson, solicitor, appeared before the magistrates
for the prisoner, and in the course of his cross-examina-
tion of the principal witnesses he elicited the fact that Mr.
Lupton had some time before the transaction in July last,
in a conversation with Mr. Marcus, gave him some autho-
rity to buy shares for him when he saw the opportunity of
making a good investment, that after the purchase of the
shares in question they fell in price below that given for
them by Mr. Marcus, and that some weeks elapsed before
they rose again so as to allow Mr. Marcus to sell them at a
profit; indeed, that he sold the first lot of them at a loss.
Mr. Sanderson was allowed to address the bench, and in
an able speech he contended that Mr. Marcus had not been
guilty of fraud, nor the intention of fraud, and therefore.
though he had committed an improper and an immoral act,
he was not guilty of forgery.
The Magistrates, however, took a different view of the
case, and committed the prisoner for trial.
He appeared to feel his degraded position most keenly, and
left the Court in tears. When first taken into custody he
made an attempt to commit suicide by taking laudanum,
but was prevented by the timely interference of a police-
officer.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN IN-
STITUTE.

A very interesting conversazione took place on Saturday
at the above Institute, when the question of the best
means of increasing the supply of food to the people
was discussed. The attendance was not so numerous as
might have been anticipated from the interesting nature
of the subject. Mr. J. S. Buckingham opened the dis-
cussion by observing that a deficiency of food was one of
the greatest evils that could befal a country, as its con-
sequences fell on those least able to bear them, the poor
—while these consequences reacted on the rich, who
were the only parties able to provide fur the
poor. It was also injurious in a moral point of
view, as when a people were pressed by hunger they
could not respect the barriers between right and
wrong. Various causes tended to produce a deficiency
of food ; ignorance was one cause ; on the banks of the
Missouri and along the valley of the Missisippi there
were millions of acres lying unproductive, because the
Indians were ignorant of the method of cultivation.
Indolence was another cause, while tyranny and des-
potism formed a third cause, for no man would sow when
he was ignorant as to whether he should reap. Having
alluded to the causes of deficiency of food, he would now
bring forward his plans for preventing that evil. The
first was by draining the bogs and fens of England and
Ireland. This should be undertaken by Government,
for private individuals could not expend the sums requi-
site for draining on the necessary scale, nor could they
afford to wait till a profit was returned. There were
many successful instances of draining in England—Chat
Moss, for instance, which, not many years ago, was
totally barren ; there were also the fens of Lincolnshire.
His next plan was to convert all the waste lands of Eng-
land and Scotland into productive land, by covering their
surface with fresh soil by means of manures and earth
brought from elsewhere. lie mentioned several instances
in which land formerly barren was now most fertile.
Waite, when it was presented to the Knights of St. John
9f Jerusalem by Charles V., had not one hundred acres
of productive land in the whole island. The Knights of
St. John, however, had caused shiploads of earth to be
brought from Sicily, and made a layer of soil on the
surface of the rock, so that Malta was now one of the
most fertile spots on the face of the earth. Then there
were the numerous lakes in the North of England,
which might be stocked with fish from the ocean.
It was thought that sea-fish could not live in fresh
water, but this was a mistake; for many species of
fish were common to boil, such as the salmon, smelt,

lamprey, and others. Another means of preventing
a scarcity of food was by carrying out sea-fishing to a
largo extent by Government, who might provide a
number of vessels, and man them with seamen, under a
system of proper discipline, with officers who might be
taken from the half-pay list of the navy. This would
form a nurs4.y for sailors for the navy, while it would
amply pay all its own expenses. For Ireland such a
scheme would be of especial advantage, as the sea along
the coast of that country was teeming with fish; an ad-
vantage of which the people, from their poverty, were
unable to avail themselves. A proper system of sewerage,
too, would also be of great advantage, as the manure thus
obtained might be employed for the fertilisation of the
soil, instead of, as now, running to waste ; while,
at the same time, it would be a positive saving from
'the superior cleanliness thereby proflueed. The last
remedy he would propose, was freedom of exchange
with other nations. England had immense stores of
iron and coal, great mechatecal invention, and un-
wearied industry ; aided by these, she could produce
great quantities of manufactured articles, which she
might then exchange with other nations for articles of
food. Mr. I3uckinghatn concluded by observing that
the mutual dependence of nations on each other was the
best guarantee for peace.
An animated discussion then followed on the ques-
tion, and many interesting facts were adduced in favour
of the views advanced by Mr. Buckingham.
The party did not Creak up till a late hour.

FOREIGN PROVISIONS.—The arrivals of cattle and
provisions from the different continental states within these
few days have, as may be supposed, been of a samowhat
limited nature, which may very reasonably be attributed to
the alterations about to be proposed with reference to the
duties chargeable upon them on importation into this coun-
try. The weather is remarkably mild for the season, and nto
difficulty appears to be experienced in clearing from the por s
of Rotterdam, Hamburgli, and other Dutch and German
ports, still the importations of cattle during the past week
have been of a very trifling character compared with previous
weeks, as the market returns have shown, and it is evident
that the owners and feeders of cattle in Holland are holding
back and declining to send cattle over for the present to any
greater extent than is absolutely necessary to meet pending
engagements or keep a position in the metropolitan markets.
If our space permitted it, it would be interesting to men.
tion some of the importations, which have taken place
within the last ten days, although the arrivals during
the latter portion of them have been of a very scanty
nature, excepting the supplies of poultry, butter, and
other articles of general consumption, from France
and Belgium, which have been of the usual varieties
and descriptions. If we were to enumerate the different
importations in their order of arrival, it would be seen that
the supplies of cattle have borne but a small proportion of
them, and although numerous in quantity, and important in
character, are not to be compared with the supplies of
three or four previous weeks, when several vessels arrived
almost daily with cargoes of cattle. Past experience has
proved the capabilities of foreign states, and especially
Holland, to produce and supply us with cattle and pro-
vims generally ; and it would be difficult to say with
any degree of correctness, to how great an extent those ca-
pabilities can be increased, if the import duties at present
levied upon them are, as is probable will be the case,
entirely remitted. Holland is, unquestionably, of super-
eminet importance among the continental states, in the
matter of the production and supply of these necessaries ;
' and that country will, doubtless, consequently experience a
vary considerable proportiom of the advantages which will
accrue, if the proposed remission of the ditties on cattle, and
the reductions of duties on other articles of provisions, be car-
ied into effect.
THE FISHERY CONVENTION.—This important treaty,
brought about by the perseverance of the gallant representa-
tive for Brighton, has just yielded most valuable first fruits.
About ten days ago, during a violent gale off Beachy Head,
one of our boats, the Sir Robert Peel, the property of Mr.
Henry Pocock, parted with twenty-nine of her nets. These
were subsequently picked up by a Dieppe fishing-boat, taken
into the French port, and in obedience to the Fishing Conven-
tion were given by the crew into the custody of the Douane at
Dieppe. The number attached to the nets, as required by the
provisions of the Convention, informed the French authori •
ties that they belonged to a boat sailing from the port of
Shoreham' communication was instantly made to the Eng-
lish Consul at the French port, who, in his turn, sent intelli-
gence of the recovery of the nets to this country; and I have
the satisfaction to add that the whole of them, which are
valued at upwards ;V., have been restored to Mr Poceicnki:
who has only been required to re-pay a very qitlinestnt—
which had been di,bursed for parting and_dtta;eing h
nets been
an expense which he must have incurred, d
recovered by the boat from which
and the prompt mea-
aTst be good
it
faith
htledmis -th port, are deserving
sures of M. Chapman, our C
displayed as
Dwoeul
nboy
at the eq yiptepnetc,hhaetyi shPI ig''errtne;c
ween the iNo great witions.—
diale which exists bet
of the highest praise, and proonve incontestably the entente cur-
lirighten Guardian.