The Sun.
London, England, 1846-06-05 00:00:00

BREAKING Up OF THE MORMON

SETTLEMENT.
The Mormon community at Nauvoo have left their
temple and what they believed to be their " promised
land," having vainly endeavoured to resist the hostility
of their neighbours, and have commenced a long and
difficult march in search of a quieter home in California.
The "Vew York Courier aid Enquirer contains the fol-
lowing particulars of their movements:—
" The Mormons are fairly en route for California.
They have all left their old residence, and at the last
accounts were just crossing the head waters of the
Chariton river, about 150 miles west of Nauvoo. A
Locofoco paper has been established at Nauvoo since
their departure, and contains some very interesting items
of intelligence concerning the progress of the expedi-
tion, and the general prospects of the country.
It states, on the authority of a letter from a gen-
tleman travelling with the company, that everything has
gone on well, that the party is in good health, and the
grand caravan moved slowly, but peacefully. Their
progress has been materially retarded by the
*'art of fodder for their live stock; the grass not
having fairly started, reduced them to the necessity
of labouring for the farmers on the route, to supply
the deficiency. They travel in detached companies,
from five to ten miles apart, and, in point of order,
res 'mole a military expedition. The editor of the
Hancock Eagle, the paper referred to, says that he
visited the camp before it broke up. It was in the rigo-
rous weather' of February, and the tents were
blockaded by snow-drifts ; yet the scene seemed cheer-
ful and animated. From appearances he thought
it certain that they would sullir most severely before
reaching their destination. It was the intention of at
least some of the companies to halt in the valley of
the Sweetwater river, and put in a crop for the ub
sistence of themselves and others who may follow.
Numbers were on their way from the Eastern states
to join the expedition. The same paper says, that in
the whole town of Nauvoo it would be impossible to
purchase a 'drop of ardent spirits ! No drinking,
gambling, or any similar vice, had eve r been intro-
duced there, though, as a new class of emigrants
was pouring in to take the place of the Mormons, it
seemed altogether probable that they would bring with
ihem the accompaniments of 'civilisatton."rhe Temple
was for sale, and . a wealthy bachelor gentleman from
the south had arrived, with the intention of purchasing
it. his object, it is said, is to convert the Temple
into an asylum for destitute widows and orphans,
and to purchase lands and town lots, and endow it out
of the rents of the same. The Eagle contains the
following paragraph concerning a prospective improve-
ment in Nauvoo: The agent of an eastern company
has arrived here for the purpose of selecting a site
for the erection of manufactories. By throw-
ing out a wing dam into the Mississippi, and cutting a
short canal, water power can be obtained here sufficient
o drive all the machinery in the state. A fall of
two and a half to three feet can be had, with
in inexhaustible supply of water at all seasons.
The Mormons had a project on foot to accomplish
this, through the aid of an English company, and if
they had not been molested would have commenced
operations this spring. A fund of 150,0001. sterling
had been already subscribed, which was to have been
expended in the erection of factories, the purchase
of farms in the vicinity, and in bridging the Missis-
sippi. We are informed by an engineer, who has
examined the locality, that there is not a spot on the
river that will bear a favourable comparison with
Nauvoo, in point of eligibility for the establishing of a,
great manufacturing interest. The idea is not chimeri-
cal, that this city will, in time, become the Lowell of
the West.'"

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF .LORDS, June 4.
Their Lnrdships.met at Five o'clock.
GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY.

The Duke of RICHMOND presented several peti-
tions from the county of Aberdeen in favour of this
undertaking.
CUssTOllS' DUTIES (TARIFF) BILL.
The Earl of DALHOUSIE—in continuation said—
He would now direct their Lordships' atten-
tion to the effects which these reductions had had on the
revenue. He would not trouble their Lordships with a
detached estimate of the whole revenue, but only with
that part of it including the customs. In the year 1842
a reduction was made in the customs' duties of
1,338,0001. The net produce of the customs, ex-
clusive of corn, for the year 1843, was 19,600,0001.
Notwithstanding this reduction of 1,338,000/. in
the year 1842, the revenue from the customs had
been 19,600,0001. In the year 1843 there was a reduc-
tion of 17,000/. in the export duties, but the revenue
was 20,200,0001. In the year 1844 there was a reduc-
tion of 286,0001., and in the year 1845 the customs were
reduced 2,418,0001., making a total in these two years of
upwards of 2,700,0001.; yet the customs' duties in the
year 1844 were 21,000,0001., and in the year 1845 the
revenue had fallen, not to the amount of 2,700,0001., but
only 600,0001., the revenue of that year being 19,800,000/
From the year 1843 to the year 1845 there had been a
reduction in the customs' duties of 2,214,0001, and not-
withstanding this, the customs' revenue in the year
1845 was 19,800,000/, while in the year 1842, it was
only 19,600,000/. ; thus showing, that while
you have reduced upwards of 2,000,0001. of duties
during the last four years, the revenue from the customs
for the last year was 200,0001. larger than the year in
which you commenced these reductions. Now, he was
not at all inclined to lead their Lordships to suppose
that he was inclined to trace the increase to the reduc-
tion of the customs. But that which he had a right
to contend for was, that it had not been injurious to the
revenue, which had increased 400,000/. in two years;
and if it were not traced entirely to the former cause, it
should certainly be admitted thatit might be traced to tin
improved condition of the people. And then, how was the
assertion answered, that these reductions of the customs
would have an injurious effect upon the population? He
was quite aware that some of their prosperity was to be
traced to bountiful harvests, but that prosperity was also
to be traced when they were not blessed with bountiful
harvests ; and while he was quite ready to admit it at
the proper time, he was also ready to deny it was to be
wholly attributable to it. It was a review of the
effects of the reduction of the customs which led her
Majesty's advisers to propose that she should suggest
from the throne a further reduction, in order to
produce similar beneficial effects. The Government now
proposed that the duties should be removed from all
the articles of food of first necessity—and they let at
the same time, that when they did so that it would not be
fair not to reduce them on others. The duties are to be
removed from all articles of cotton and woollen manufac-
ture. He would state the amount of the duty which
was proposed to be repealed on the several articles of
cotton, woollen, and linen. The quantity of these
articles imported Just year, with the amount of duty on
them, was as follows:—Of cotton, the amount tm
ported was in value 39.0001.; of this quantity the duty
would be removed on 35,3001.—retainine the duty on the
value of 3,600/. Of woollen goods the total quantity
imported was in value 162,000/. The duty proposed to
be repealed on 158,000/., leaving the duty to be retained
on 4,000/. Respecting linen, he could not give the ac
count of the quantity imported very accurately, but li
believed the amount entered was about 12,453/, of which
the. duty was to be retained on 9,900/. He might here
observe that the articles on which the duty was to be
retained were articles of luxury, such as cambrics,
French lawns, and bordered handkerchiefs. This would
be an answer to the statement made respecting the prin•
ciple of the Bill, that while it was proposed to remove
agricultural protection, it professed to do the same with
regard to manufactures, but failed to do so. This would
show that such was not the fact. The duty was retained
on linen goods, because the articles named were articles
of luxury ; whereas the duties on cotton and woollen
goods were proposed to be removed because it would
benefit the poorest classes. He next came to the duty
on silk. That would come before the House in a sepa-
rate form, and he would not enter into the subject then ;
but he would state briefly the proposed alteration.
While the duty now professed to be 30 per cent. ; in
consequence of the alteration made in the tariff of 1826,
it had been found that the silk duty, instead of being 30
per cent., had often ranged from 100 to 300 per cent.
Its the Bill he now submitted to their Lordship:, the tariff,
with respect to silk was altered, and the duty was now
calculated at 15 per cent. or half the orignal duty. In
like manner the Bill dealt with articles of manufacture
in metal, such as iron, lead, and tin. In 1842 the duty
was 20 per cent , it was now reduced to 10 per cent.
Indeed he might state that the ruling figure in this
tariff was 10 per cent., in the same manner that the
ruling figure of the tariff of 1842 was 20 per cent.
The Bill also proposed to reduce the duty upon two
articles which entered largely into the consumption of
the poor, namely, butter, and cheese. They proposed to
reduce the duty upon articles of food, consumption, and
clothing, and it would be unjust indeed if the tariff did
not include the two articles he bad just named. The
Bill would reduce the duty on brandy and foreign
spirits. At present the duty was 225. per gallon, and
the consequence was a large quantity of brandy and
foreign spirits found its way into this country through
other channels than the custom-house. They proposed
therefore to reduce the duty, not with the view of d
in-
creasing the consumption of these articles, nor
they think it would have that effect, buryeo
fidrst
de-
feat the operations of the smuggler.
article to which he would ddirect.th)feirthLeorddusthyipsu'
pautn-
tention was one, the reduction (
meant the
article of timber. It would be in their Lordships .
which would be felt as a great benefit—he
recol-
lection that, in the year
the duties both of foreign and colonial timber • the duty
1842, a reduction.. was made in
in fact, reduced to a' nominal
timber was reduced
duty of Is., an
on colonial timberd
the was, in
from 555. to 355. The returns which had been laid le-
en foreign
fore their Lordships would show what the effect of that
There beenduc
reduction had been. The quantity imported had in-
creased from 342,000 in the year previous to the reduc-
tion to 757,000 in the year 1845,
a great difference in the-price of timber since
had
theals roe
tion. In 1842 the price of Canadian, yellow timber was
from 3/ ss. to 31. 15s. ; in 1843 it was from 2/. 15s. to
3/. 15s. ;..in 1843 it was from 2/. 15s. to 3/. ss. ; in
1R44 it was 'from 2/. Iss. to 31. 55,. but on the 6th of
January, 1846, thsepricewas ranged between 41. 7s. 6cl.
and 41: 12s. 6d. in
there had been a vast demand the
reduction of duty on timber
and foreign, and
Majesty for that article, both aco-
lonial
her ajest • now proposed to
make a further reduction, so that thedut3,
be
the
uponfrsotinh
of April, in 1847, upon foreign timber,
shouldr
255. to 20s. ; on the sth of April, 1848, from 20s. to
15?.; the colonial timber to be liable to the usual nominal
duty of Is. He now wished to say a few words as to
the principle on which the measure was founded. Upen
the first reading of the Bill it was stated by Noble
Lords, as an oljection to the messie e, that it left undone
many things that it ought to have acne—that as it was
a free-trade measure, it should be carried out on pure
free-trade principles. Now he disclaimed any such cha-
racter for this Bill. The principle of the measure was
which ITU AWQM14911494 tN their ladebip twal

the throne, namely, the removal of prohibitory, and
the reduction of protective duties. He did not profess',
in submitting this measure to their Lordships, that there
were nut many inconsistencies and anomalies in the tariff,
as it at present stood. There were many considerations
hich made it necessary that it should be so. He sub-
mitted this measure to their Lordships, simply as
measure for the removal of protective duties ; and he
would now state to their Lordships that which he had
sad on a former evening, namely, that her Majesty's
Government believed the principle of protection to be
unsound of itself—(Cheers)—but that, at the same time,
they reserved to themselves the right of carrying out the
remission of those duties gradually, cautiously, and
slowly, as the exigencies of the times would permit ; and
that while they were desirous of reducing those protec-
tive duties upon various articles, they would do so, not
without reference to the effects it would produce upoti
any particular system ; and, above all, not without re-
ference to the effects it would produce upon the revenue
itself. On these grounds, therefore, he commended this
"aitir .1. to their Lordships, not under the nick-name,
it he might be permitted to use the expression, which had
been given to it, but as a measure, the principle of which
ts the removal of the prohibitory duties, and the
gradual removal of protective duties, for the benefit of
the consumers, without, as her Majesty's Government
believed, injuring the produce ; and he trusted that their
Lordships would see no reason for withholding thrill
assent to it.—(Hear, hear.)
The LORD CHANCELLOR having put the question,
The Duke of RICHMOND said he should move that
the Bill be read a second time that day six months, on
the very grounds that had been urged by his Noble
Ft iced, namely, because its object was the removal of
protective duties.—(llear, hear.) And in doing ee, be
contended that it was unconstitutional to make use 131.
her Majesty's came in the manner in which his Noble
Friend had used it.—(Hear, hear.) It was in direct vio-
lation of the principle of that House to say, in support
of that measure, that it had been recommended in the
Queen's speech ; for what was the Queen's speech hug
the speech of her Ministers ?
Lord DALHOUSIE explained that he did not make
use of her Majesty's name is the manner imputed to him.
The Duke of RICHMOND then went on to say that
he was glad to find his Noble Friend admitting that it
was unconstitutional to make use of her Majesty's name
in support of any' measure laid before their Lordships-
His Noble Friend had not told the House the value, at
the present moment,.of .the articles which, he meant to
abolish. Now hesaid that he was about to recommend
the reduction of the duty on butter and cheese. He be-
lieved they would find these duties were increasing
duties, and any reduction on them was contrary to the
policy of the constitution ; and the reduction was no
reason for the removal of the duties on matters connected
with the agricultural interests. The Government had
also removed many of the duties on manufactured
cotton. His Noble Friend sitting behind him, had said
that the cotton manufacturers had declared that they
wanted no protection, and that by their skill and in-
(bleary, and heavens knows what, they were rendered ,
in-
dependent of any protection whatever. If the principle et
the present measure were to be acknowledged, why hot
carry it out with fairness and liberality ? He did not
see why the labourer's and farmer's wife should n 4
have a cheap and a good dress, as well as the Minister
lady. His only objection to the taking away of protec-
tion was, that it employed foreign labour instead of the
labour of this country. Foreign paper might come in
at a cheap price ; but let it not be at too low a price, t°
supersede English labour. He believed the artizans in
paper-staining at present were earning on the average'
21. 10s. a-week, and that was not too much for an op e;
rative to earn. Then as to the reduction on silks sarci
spirituous liquors ; he thought his Noble Friend wow is
find that the Custom-house possessed sufficient means t!,
preventing smuggling to any injurious extent. it crone:
tie found, that at the present moment there did not exist
one quarter of the smuggling that was carried on some
twenty years ago. After the division on the other
bill on a previous night, he did not think he should be
justified in detaining the attention of their Lordships
e
longer than to enter his most distinct protest against tat
Bill, and against the principles of theßill. He did move la' 4
the Bill be read a second time that day six months,rlo`,
at the same time he could not help expressing his 151.1.0
conviction that the employment of foreign
should not be preferred to their own. • e to
The Earl of WICKLOW said the great objection
the measure was, that there existed an anomaly in not
carrying out the principles to all. The Bill as it stoo
showed a system of injustice, inasmuch as all classeso,
would not he benefited by the contemplated reduction
duties. He found that there were 48 items included.i.,
the list, and out of that number 22 were connected erottr..
agriculture. This was an unfair distribution of the
templated reduction of duties, and he should certainly
laboure
oppose it.
Earl GREY could not, in the Bill before the House,.s
see any distinct principle laid down. If protective dutrie:
(ti
were unsound in principle, the best way for the Governs
and Parliameut to pursue would be to abandon _
those duties altogether. He entirely agreed that proteon
tive duties were entirely wrong. He was, however, at 5.
loss to comprehend what those half measures, consisting
of half protection and half free trade, meant. The
duties on sugar, and on some other articles, produced
large revenues to the Treasury. He believed that no.
thing would tend more to injure these interests than the
perpetually meddling with the protective duties. A sys-
tem of alteration was of all things the most injurious to
commerce and trade. He would, however, accept the
present Bill as an instalment for the future, and would
willingly give his support to the second reading.
Lord ASHBURTON objected to the Bill, because the
wages of labour would be diminished, and the commerce
of the country paralysed, if the measure were carried
into effect. If these alterations were allowed to be pro-
ceeded with, no man could tell what crotchets her Mae
jesty's Chief Minister might next propose. Any person
who has observed the progress of things in this country
would be made aware that all the changes were traceable
to obvious causes, from 1825 down to 1837, and
1839, and 1842, when the administration was
s
changed, which were aii periods of great distress.
The prosperity of the country had been great in former
years, as well as in the present. The prosperity then
was not owing to the free trade measures of a Govern-
ment, and in like manner he contended that the present
prosperity of the country was not owing to the late alte-
rations in the commercial policy of the country. Disar
proving of this measure, in consequence of the effect it
would have upon the condition of the labourer of this
country, he could not consider it consistent with the dig"'
charge of his public duty if he did not oppose the further
progress of the measure.
Lord MONTEAGLE considered it the duty of the
Government to endeavour to reconcile as much as poB-
eible, by means of a judicious system of taxation, the
two conflicting points with regard to custom duties,
namely, duties levied for the sake of revenue, and those
which were levied for the sake of protection. He thought
die measure before their Lordships a step in the right
direction, 'and he would not, therefore, stop to find
.enall faults with it ; here, there, and everywhere, he
knew the difficulty of dealing with such en immense in;
'crest as that of the customs' duties of the country, and
considered that, although the present prosperity wag
not entirely owing to the removal of restrictive duties,
he still thought, as regarded the reduction of the duties
~n raw material, an immense benefit had been bestonl,
both on the trade and commerce of the country. 'l
one
Noble Lord then proceeded to pass some strictures to
the late measures of the Government, with reference al
itnh
set
atintese
trhaeni
rd
measures sugar
h duties,ad sai
gn
osl
acl (l)yn contended h
failed
otf ein
both
t being
pro-
ductive of benefit either to the revenue or to the Vivre
Ile was prepared to prove that England was one of. tr
highest taxed countries in the world, and that labe,,ui.
e
was cheaper also in it than in any other country ill '"
world ; and, therefore, there was no necessity for
fears of the Noble Lord with respect to what might n:
effected by cheap labour on the Continent. In 1820 e.
n
merchants of London petitioned in favour of frde trader
and that petition was presented by his Noble Friend op-
posite
(Lord Ashburton), and a more complete
state-
mentwasneoyfetrheypertinnicaipdleestoortihwehniehoulsreee;
• atnraddewistiherreefounded
o_
the fear expressed with regard to Irish linen, be
would say there was no ground for the existence of 0111_,
apprehen-ion; that trade had flourished in preportion
they withdrew restriction, and had withered when_ e
on
pro-
tected ; and he was able to state that the great linen
producers opdruocpeerrst feltta nx o,
therefore, apprehensionfor oan
shortthe subject d hsetlmbseecl vt
in-
stead
re genius course coul
the liberty of saying that a
srteenaedwaolf, hinaddittreteetrtlaextecayaotrio2Aeate syesatrer_aoifiddihreecttoiok
not be entered on
defied as this was with de •
ose that tho
by anybtmoiti,v country,e
np
ta rut
pi counl aar
iya one e burnr
not only den'
ciple; it led the
theythe State; that
awasf
considered persons(oufeparro,ph„Feratyoladanthdeictaaplaseosietylewtdohpotoaywt.htehrisee
augment the taxation o
without indirectly affecting the interests of
the capitalistgfw.aelhis.oeoluesnoebtxuioptenfFisetehs_aotf g
the poor man.
The amendment was then withdrawn, and the Bill
people to supp
was read a second time.
On the motion of Lord DALHOUSIE, the Bill wag
ordered to be committed on llonday week.
EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES.
The Explosive Substances Bill went through Com'
mittee.

The House then went into Committee on the Bill 1:7
lating to Friendly Societies and having one through
Committee, the report was' ordered to be brought "4
to-morrow.—The House then adjourned.

On
nn
the
ee
22dd
iiinlsstt.:
at Hendon,
Newington-place, /ilennlng
On the 3d inst., in CI
ton, of a daughter.
a daughter.
the wife of John Strea
Esq., of a son. „Taipei;
On the 3d inst., at King's Arms-yard, Coleman-street, DTra•
li. Lloyd, of a daughter.
Chester-square, the
Mrs. George Tanquerta;:g,
dor,

MARRIED. of
On the 2d inst., at Trinity Church, Bristol, Joshua Gliddon,
to Sarah, youngest daughter of Augustine Knocker, of
Bristol. K /Ay to
Ou the 2d inst., at Alveston, Captain George Bolbech.
Ellen Catherine, eldest daughter of Charles M. Ricketts, Esq. „_
On the 2d inst., at the Church of the Holy Trinity, Bron1PO"s:
Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Darby, late Royal Artillery, to France
widow of the late S. Page, Esq., of Hadley house,

. . . DIED.
On the Ist of March, at Barnes, SZii7Cy, Richard Ilall, Esq.
On the 21st ult., at Geneva, Major Dowell, aged 44.
On the 27th ult., at Poinings, Brighton, Thomas Isaacson, Esq.
On the 30th tilt., at Great Glenn, Leicestershire, Belem, the wife of
the Rev. John Haymes.
On the 2(1 01 April, at sea, James Stephen Wilberforce AtkillS On
Lisutarant, R.A.
On the 18th of April, at Calcutta, Caroline, the wife of F. Vir•
Simms, Esq., civil engineer.
On the 31st of May, in Stephen's-green, Dublin, Francis ?render.
on the 3d inst., at Norwood, Charlotte, third daugh
gast, Esq.
Thomas llockley, Esq.
ter of the late

London: Printed and Published by IiaTEDO YOUNG, of No. 112,
Strand, Printer, at The Sun Mee, N 0.112, Strand, h, the Precinct
of the Soy is the Conty =anima, Fridah iTtin°
51 1546!