The Sun.
London, England, 1846-01-06 00:00:00

lINLL, JAW. 5.

&mei( EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Hull and Selby (5 per
cent. guaranteed), 1021h—Ditto, Half Shares, 21—North
British, Half Shares, 714—North Wales. 4—Armagh, Cole-
raine, and Portrush, lA—Dudlay, Madeley, and Iron Bridge,
2142—Hu1l and Barnsley Junction, 47s.—Leicester and Bir..
woglisun, 275.--Sheffield Potteries and Crewe, 235, 61—
Shropshire -982 •8a::::-'Yorkshire and CrinQIWIT

COMPENSATION TO THE LAND

LORDS.
(From the Sentinel.)
Speculative politicians are hazarding all sorts of con-
jectures as to the course Sir Robert Peel will pursue on
the opening of Parliament. None hesitate to affirm that
he will attempt some modification of the sliding-scale, if
not a total repeal of the corn-laws ; but whether that
repeal will be immediate or deferred, unconditional or
conditional, has led to a great diversity of opinion. We
will not add to the list of unprofitable " guessing ;" nor
do we believe that anything authentic will transpire till
the Legislature is assembled. But whatever mystery
may involve the intentions of the Minister, the demands
of the landowners are clear enough ; if they cannot re-
tain their monopoly, they will insist on compensation for
its surrender. The indemnity of twenty millions paid to
the West India proprietors for the manumission of their
slaves, is a precedent on which they rely. The subject
deserves some comments.

The agriculturists have contended that special bur.
thens are imposed on land, that is to say, burthens that
do not fall on any other description of property. This
has been denied, and repeated challenges have been
given in Parliament to adduce evidence in support of
the allegation ; those challenges have been uniformly
declined ; nay more, when the Liberals have brought
forward specific motions to appoint a Committee to in-
vestigate the nature and extent of the special burthens,
the agriculturists themselves, shrinking from the proof
of their own assertions, have voted against all inquiry;
from which the fair inference is, that they knew well
that they had put forth an untruth. This, however, is
certain, that agriculture is exempted from ♦ery many
imposts to which all other property is liable, such as
insurance on stock against fire, legacy and probate
duty, &c.
Again : the landlords have always contended, that
the corn-laws were not imposed for their benefit, but
for the benefit of the tenant farmers. Be it so ; then,
if a moneyed compensation were voted for the repeal of
the corn-laws, it ought to be handed over to the tenant-
farmers.

The general subject, however, must be looked at under
comprehensive views. The time is passed when the
common sense of the people can be juggled by sophisms.
Every fallacy of the landlords has been laid bare ; the
game of deception can no longer be played. The aris-
tocracy should learn, that " honesty is the best policy :"
and now that they can no longer find shelter in fraud,
let them place their faith in truth. Their ideas of " pro-
tection" are as base as they are ignorant ; they are
base, because they seek to be protected at the expense
of their fellow citizens ; they are ignorant, because no
selfish legislation can endure longer than the selfishness
remains undetected. The prime error of the landlords
consists in a false view of their real position, which has
made them seek relief in remedies totally inadequate to
their exigencies. They may yet be saved from all the
dangers that menace them, and that, too, with honour ;
but they will not be rescued by half-measures or class
legislation. They must make common cause with all
the producing classes, form an alliance with them, and
work out such a reform as will effectively secure both
CM:4lld.lektUrt., .
ation. Its leaden weight presses on all of us. It has
pressed on other nations, and was the real, however re-
mote or disguised, cause of the French Revolution. What
does high taxation imperiously demand ? what does it
render absolutely just ? Clearly high prices. As we
desire to avoid vague expressions, we must observe, that
when we use the epithet "high" as applied to prices, we
specifically mean just such an addition to the natural or
wholly untaxed value of commodities as will be equal to,
and express the amount of, taxation levied on commodi-
ties. If the tax on a commodity be five per cent., fire
per cent. must be added to its natural value ; if fifty per
cent., then fifty per cent. must be added to the natural
value. This is the just, the legitimate protection that
the Legislature owes to every class of producers, to the
agriculturists as well as to the manufacturer. Now, how
is this to be effected? for this is the problem to be solved.
Let us hear Sir James Graham ; we quote from his
pamphlet on " Corn and Currency :"
" So far from urging the Government to bring sepa-
rately under the view of the Legislature the questions
of Currency and Corn, it was the decided interest of the
landowners to have insisted on a careful revision of both
these subjects conjointly. They are in themselves inti-
mately blended ; it is absurd to talk of price without re-
ference to money; and it is impossible to alter the quan-
tity of money without affecting prices. Disjointed
discussion on these two vital points is the precise cause
of the dangerous conclusions now sanctioned by Parlia-
ment, which threatens with ruin and degradation the
whole class of existing proprietors."
Be it noted that we have not cited the opinion of a
Leaguer or free-trader; it is the Conservative Sir James
Graham who speaks, himself a large landed proprietor,
a gentleman of undoubted talents and matured expe-
rience.

We have said, that high taxes require high prices, and
Sir James Graham tells us "it is absurd to talk of price
without reference to money." Now, it' we have a de-
scription of money, purposely designed to keep prices
low, it is clear that the real protection of which we
stand in need, is protection against that species of
money. Our standard of money is gold and the sove-
reign contains just such a number of grains as comports
with the natural or untaxed value of golrl, and expresses
it. But this sovereign is the measure of all taxed com-
modities ; they therefore must necessarily conform to
that measure. Now this gold is exempt from the laws
of supply and demand ; its value is not allowed to
rise
when it is scarce, nor to fall when it is Plentiful'whileare
all other commodities, of which it is the measure,terefore,
subject to these conditions. Al! e!luivalency,
between the measure and the things measuredh is de-
stroyed. The consequence of this arrangement is, that
the producer of taxed commodities can never add th e
tax to his selling price, for there is no money inthis
country in which such tax can be expressed, since
gold, the standard measure, is not permitted by the
Legislature to express taxation, but no more than
natural or untaxed value. Hence low prices must
be permanent and universal,--low corn, low ca-
lico, low cotton, low profits, low wages. Here is
the national enemy—the enemy of all industry ;it is
against that enemy, not against the foreigner, that we
need protection ; and until tlae producing classes see
this great truth, they will remain, as they now are, the
doomed, blind, slaves of capital, of bankers, usurers,
loan-mongers, and money jobbers—the oligarchy of
Mammon.
Do the landlords, then, seek compensation ? Do
they desiderate such high prices as will enable them to
pay high taxes and their mortgages ? The remedy is
in their own hands. It is a physical and fiscal impossi-
bility for them to realise high prices in a currency studi-
ously designed to keep prices low ; therefore, they must
change the currency, and adapt it to the exigencies of
existing taxation. They have been experimenting,
scheming, and devising for the last thirty years—ever
haunted by their " special burthens," proceeding from
blunder to blunder, from equivocation to equivocation,
from compromise to compromise. Surely it is time to
cease this miserable tinkering: they ought to be heartily
sick of the knaves, fools, and quacks whom they have
lauded as "statesmen," and who have failed to make the
working classes self sustaining, and could find no better
means of preventing the paupers, offspring of their own
bad government, from devouring landed estates, than in-
carcerating them in union workhouses.

MARY HOWITT'S " CITIZEN or PRAGUE."—Frede-
rick the Great and tha Empress Maria Theresa are the
two principal characters in Mary Irowitt's romantic his-
torical novel just published under the title of " The
Citizen of Prague." We can thus readily account for
the chief incidents of the story being of so unusually ex-
alted a character. We are initiated into the secrets of
the Imperial Cabinet—we behold the cer°monies of the
most magnificent of Courts—we witness the imposing
array of the bravest armies in the world—in fact, we are
allowed to see all that the great conqueror and the great
empress chose to display in a contest that threatened
the entire continent with desolation. But these grand
materials are skilfully woven into a story, which gains
from much humbler objects it principal source of interest.
In contrast to these royal delineations the work abounds
with pictures of social life, the most domestic, the most
touching, and the most truthlike that can be conceived.
In short, Mary I-lowitt has succeeded in that very diffi-
ctilt task which aims at pleasing all classes of readers.

af, -..........
•'.."-.3e,

ATTEMPT AT MURDER.
MONDAY AFTERNOON.—To-day, at twelve o'clock at
noon, a man of the name of Woodward, a joiner, resid-
ing at Wellow in the north of this county (Nottingham-
shire), was brought in the custody of the police to the
county gaol, charged with having attempted to murder
a female, of the name of Hind, a widow, with whom he
had been cohabiting. Wellow is a village about ten
miles from Worksop, and the same distance from the
towns of Newark and Southwell, and it appears that for
a length of time past the prisoner has been separate from
his wife, and has resided with his unfortunate victim.
The horrible deed was evidently a premeditated act,
from the circumstance of his taking with him, on going
to bed on Monday night last, a knife, which be placed
under his pillow. At half-past six o'clock in the
morning the man and woman quarrelled, when the
wretch took the knife and inflicted upon the poor woman
a dreadful wound in her throat, which extended several
inches from right to left. She instantly jumped out of
bed, and ran down stairs screaming" Murder,' the blood
at the same time flowing profusely from the wound.
The wretch ran away half undressed, and without any
stockings on his legs. The villagers being alarmed, a
surgeon was sent for, who sewed up the wound, and a
pursuit of the murderer ensued, but for some time with-
out success. On Friday morning, however, he was dis-
covered crawling from under a hay-stack, in his own
parish, almost famished. He was immediately appre-
hended, and conveyed before the Rev. E. Dawkins, a
magistrate of the county. The woman being alive, but
without hope of recovery, the man has been committed
to the county gaol for further examination. To elude
detection by his footsteps being traced, it has since been
found that the artful villain had walked backwards into
the stack yard, so that the marks of his feet upon the
soft soil did not betray his hiding place. Since his
apprehension, he has admitted that he went into Willow
Wood, and lay there a day and a night, with a view of
attacking a farmer, whom he knew to be in the habit of
passing through it, and his intention was to rob and
murder him; the farmer, however, having heard of the
attempt to murder, and knowing that Woodward was a
bad character, having fears lest he should meet in the
wood, actually went a long way round, instead of going
through the wood, and thereby, no doubt, saved himself
from a brutal attack.

APPREHENSION OF SUSPECTED BURGLARS AT
WooLivica.—During the past week, various acts of burglary
have taken place at Woolwich, and hitherto the police have
been unable to obtain any clue to the thieves. Sunday
Glevening, between six and seven o'clock poliee-constable
artwi n. an actiire officer Mr ,u,.. D. ~.—__.A.,2--.....,-...- -tirt Tsrityp
~;LliP....Aktr., a ntr.,,Lui e uroier, in Yowls- street. The better
to observe their movements, and without being himself per-
ceived, Gladwin concealed himself behind the pillar of a
shop door opposite, and observed the prisoners trying to force
the door. The prisoners, however, had a fellow with them
who acted as " touter" or scout, and this man, on observing
the constable, gave an alarm, and the thieves immediately
desisted from their attempts on the house. Gladwin, how-
ever, perceiving that it was useless to watch the thieves
farther, immediately darted from his hiding place, and seizing
two of them by the collar, took them into custody. The
third ran off. Gladwin having lodged his prisoners safely in
the station-house, proceeded in search of the third, whom he
succeeded in capturing. The prisoners gave the names of
Tapner, Reed, and Mumford. On their persons were found
a number of skeleton keys of various sizes, calculated to pick
any of the common locks. A small crowbar was also found
upon one of them. There is great reason to believe they
form part of a gang which has carried on very extensive de-
predations in that neighbourhood.
WIGTOWNSHIRR POLITICS.—A correspondent in
Wigtownshire says, " An active canvass has been carried on
in this county by Mr. Robert Stewart, eldest son of Stair
Stewart, Esq., of Glasserton, for the representation of ' the
shire' on the Conservative interest. This has induced our
present Member, Cap'. Dalrymple, to issue an address to his
constituents, in which he declares for the t, tal and imme-
diate repeal of the corm laws. He has also been making per-
sonal calls. As Sir Robert Peel's return to power will, in all
probability, lengthen the existence of the present Parliament,
this premature canvassing will doubtless cease. We hear
that it is the intention of Sir Andrew Agnew, Bart., of Loch-
naw, to oppose Sir John M'Taggart, M.P., at the next elec-
tion for the Wigt own district of burghs ; but we do not
know whether the rumour be correct or not.—.Dumfries
Courier.

IMPROVEMENTS AT ROSENEATIL—Sir James J. R.
Mackenzie had this year laid down 30,000 yards of drains
with stones, and the number is daily increasing. The new
garden, which is in an excellent situation, and has a good
exposure, together with the pleasure-grounds, which are
tastefully laid out, will, when completed, make Roseneath
one of themost delightful seats in the north.—lnves, ness
Courier.

THE FULHAM WATERMEN.--YeSterday the Bishop
of London gave his annual dinner to the watermen of Ful-
ham. At one o'clock in the afternoon they sat down to a
repast of good old English fare, consisting of roast and boiled
beef, mutton, and plum-pudding, together with a plentiful
supply of excellent ale. The entertainment was set out in the
hall of the Bishop's residence at Fulham, and his Lordship
honoured his guests by saying " grace." The custom is said
to have originated from a former Bishop's son having been
saved from drowning on this day.
MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.—THREE LIVES LOST.
—lt is with much regret we state that of two market-boats
which left Falmouth on Saturday afternoon last, on their re-
turn tr Porthalla, St. Keverne, one of them unfortunately
went down in a squall, and the three men in it were
drowned. The accident happened in Falmouth Bay, no great
distance from Bendennis. The deceased were named Sampson
Hill, and William and John Tripcony, brothers. Hill was
about to be married. John Tripcony was unmarried, but his
brother has left a widow and two children to bewail his loss.
When the boat missed its companion, it was immediately put
about, but nothing of the lost boat could be seen but a louse
spar or two. Two women were in the boat which weathered
the squall, who became so alarmed that they were landed at
Crab Quay, on Peudinuis, and they walked home. This me-
lancholy accident has cast a gloom over the neighbourhood
in which the deceased resided, where they were greatly re-
spected. Efforts have been made to raise the boat and find

RAILWAYS AND COASTERS.—The South Western
Railway was for the first time made use of yesterday for the
conveyance of an entire ship's cargo from Southampton to
London. It consisted of the first portion of a freight of 1,100
boxes of oranges, brought by the Eleanor, from Fayal, and.
consigned to Messrs. Keeling and Hunt, in Monument•yard,
By this means not only has the fruit been obtained in a state
more suitable to the market, but a great saving in the outlay
of conveyance has been effected; and having discharged her
cargo, the Eleanor will return for a fresh freight on Friday,
instead of being detained for a fortnight or three weeks, as
would have been the case had she come round to the port of
London. It has been estimated that the expenses of nearly
GO/. are incurred on the voyage to and from Southampton
and London fer a vessel of 100 tons burthen, which may be
avoided by discharging her cargo at the former port. By
the contract the cases will be delivered at one charge from
Southampton and the terminus at Vauxhall to Monument-
yard, and altogether the saving by this mode of conveyance
will average less by thirty shillings per ton than:the general
charge of London freight. The majority of vessels bringing
fruit to the London market arrive at seasons the most de-
structive to shipping, and the records of Lloyd's show no
less than 1,375 casualties to have occurred in the navigation
between the Isle of Wight and the river Thames in the
seven years from 1837 to 1843, of which 499 lost anchors and
cables, 560 got aground but were recovered, 260 were en-
tirely wrecked, the crews and passengers being saved, whilst
56 vessels were totally lost with all or several of the crews
and passengers.

BURGLARIES AT WlNDSOR.—Between Saturday
night and early on Sunday morning, three houses were
broken into in the town of Windsor, and various property
carried away by the burglars from each. There is very little
doubt, from the back premises of the house being contiguous,
divided only by brick walls, that the three robberies were
committed by the same parties, who were evidently well ac-
quainted with the localities. The house of Mr. Alderman
Tebbott, in Sheet-street, which was entered by forcing open
the shutters of the kitchen window, was plundered of a
variety of articles, consisting of silver table, salt, and tea-
spoons, silver tops from off dinner castors, andgothanoteer
moneys, &c. There is no doubt if the thieves had
the been
in house,
disturbed by Mrs. Tebbott, who, hearing
was in the drawing-
room of valuable articles of. plate _
got up and opened the window towcahl thh eaponh.ce,a vastd quasi_
city
room would have been carried off: The house of Mrs. Secker,
a widow lady, residing in Park-street, was plundered of a
watch and other property : and also the house of Miss Iraines,
of Sheet-street, adjoining Mr. Tebbott's. The robberies are
supposed to have been committed by Windsor thieves.
orad
THE RECENT FIRE AND
ahLtre:hh,soNsu
or r
t OF
tl.rw.LlFTnear.,
AT PAD-
DINaroN.—Last evening,te L
at
held an inquest at the
the terminus of the Great Western Railway, on the bodies of
John Wain, bricklayer's carter, aged 24 years, and Mary
Ann, his wife, aged 21, who unhappilya perished in the recent
calamitous fire in Cambridge-place, Junction-read, Pad-
dington. It appears that deceased was carter to Messrs.
Chas. Bell and Co., brickmakers, South-wharf, Paddington.
The jury having been duly sworn, proceeded to view the
bodies, which lay at the bone-house adjoining Paddington
Church, situated on the green in the Harrow-road. They
presented a sad spectacle, the extremities being consumed,
and the whole of the tissue of their frame being materially
injured by the action of the fire. Upon the return of
the jury, the first witness called was Mrs. Eliza-
beth Pryer, laundrywoman, 23, Cambridge-place, Grand
Junction-road, who deposed that she went to bed shortly
after eleven o'clock, on the night of Friday last, and that
at that hour she left a few lucifers upon the top of the
stove, and a quantity of clothes in the room. Soon after one
o'clock she was alarmed by cries of "Fire," and instantly she
got out of bed and called as loud as she was able to the other
persons on the premises. She thought this had the effect of
arousing them, and, upon inquiry, it was considered all were
out of the building, which, in a short time was on fire from
the bottom to the top. She screamed out, and this brought
several neighbours to her aid, and through them the furniture
and effects in the lower part of the premises were removed to
places of safety. It was some time after the fire was at its
height that witness ascertained any of her lodgers were
burned to death. Three of the firemen belonging to the
London Fire-engine Establishment having deposed to the
finding of the bodies, which appeared to have fallen from one
of the upper floors, the jury unanimously declared their
opinion that no further evidence was necessary, and, conse-
quently, a verdict of " Accidental death " was returned.
CURIOUS CIRCUMSTANCE.—A circumstance, very
suspicious-looking at first, but, which afterwards turned outt
a most curious affair, happened in a very respectable inne aet.
Perth on Saturday night. The landlord, on entering
"and,
the rooms, heard a noise proceeding from the chimney,back, as if
on examining to discover the cause, g
thunderstruck, at observing the legs ofsataeinggernree.danifelcoinvgeorisiTer
the grate, in which, however, therefirwsernd,
and, seizing the
from his astonishment, lie rushed
personage, only ing
coque of a very respectable-looking legs, desperately pulledteabtitelleneiklint°il he brought down the
ads,
when
enM (el aoyr
account of himself, was handed su3.
toof rob,tbe
covered with soot. The
trill.
trurdhoeevresrii:io,tpotr
sgtelilxoe-ifn
elai
ecNie'oeura3r:t gneloa:
lan and
dlord, brought to the bar for
pected of haaysin:pl las
intendedt. ha t
his and intimated that the prisoner
be imagined, e'slervants appeared,
was her lawfully-married husband—they having been mar-
ried only a short time previous—who had come to pay her a
visit from Dundee, where he was at present located. The
husband was immediately dismissed, and left the Court arm
and arm with his sprightly- better half.—Edinburgli Advertiser.
The Marquis of Westminster, and the leading
nobility and gentry connected with the county of Chester,
have unanimously come forward to provide an institution fbr
the refuge of juvenile offenders, with a view to their reforma-
tion. This praiseworthy object is to be obtained by the con.
tributions of the aristocracy, and most of them are annlaal
subscribers' so that the prospective establishment may bp;
maintained in its efficiency.