The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, EVENING, OCTOBER 22, lB4B.

- -
RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
-- - -
! Counties Railway, now in 'course of construction. The
METROPOLITAN TERMINI.
I vicinity of Fenchurch-street to the corn and coal markets
The evidence taken beihre the Commission appointed I is considered a great advantage.
by g,,) City, in April last, to investigate the various pro- 1 ARCHES Cl' RAILWAYS.— l' ha evidence shows how
they are sometimes appropriated i—Same of the art.:l-ics
J' ets. '' wilier) there were nineteen, for establishing r,ll.- t
way cerwira aathin or in the immediate vieinit of tile tree- on the Blackwell Railway have been purchased and
fitted up as houses for the poorer classes of pople.
troy.lis, and up-n which the Commissioners beset their i
decisions, made app-,ranee on Monday. The bulk of ' Schools have also been established under the arches of
I this line, partly purchased and partly granted by the
the blue monster may be readily realised to the mind's
eye, by a synopsis significant of its contents. The mere (directors. The arches near the Minories terminus,
minutes of the mass of evidence alone monopolise 264
, granted at a moderate rent for an infant school for the
folios of space, the appendix appropriates to itself 44
district round Rag. fair, on application from the clergy-
more, while the index to its data takes credit for upwards men or parishioners of Aidgate. A similar school has
b
of 66. There is a witness for almost every letter in the been erected further down the line, at Canon-street-road;
alphabet, consisting:of all conceivable railway characters and at Limehouse a school has also been erected under
,
and connexions—carriers, engineers, house valuers, soli-
the arches of the railway, The arches of the Eastern
I
citors, secretaries, chairmen, directors, builders, clergy-
Counties Railway have been occasionally fitted up and
men, trustees, with superintendents, civil and military. uerd, by permission of the directors, as lecture-rooms,
The following is the programme professional, consisting schools, and for occasional meetings. Only two arches
in all of 7th—
have been appropriated as shops, these, it appears, are
rather nuisances than otherwise, by their Sunday
Abraham, Mr. Robert, valuer of property.
Adams, Mr. James, trustee of Finsbury-square. trading.
CARRYING TRADE.—There was cansiderable evidence
Baxendale, Mr. Joseph, carrier.
adduced to show how it is affected by extension of rai'
Bevan, Charles James, Esq,
Bidder, Mr. George Parker, engineer. ways into the metropolis. It is affirmed by Mr. 1
Bircham, Francis Thomas, Esq. the carrier, that the extension of the South-Western
Borthwick, Mr. Michael Andrews, engineer. Railway from Nine Elms to London-bridge would de-
Burgoyne, Major-General Sir John Fox, K.C.B. stroy nearly all the carrying trade. The west-end trade
Burt, Mr. Henry Potter. alone would be preserved, or about one-fifteenth of the
Chadwick, William, Esq., chairman of the Central whole. The carrying trade from the Brighton Company,
Terminus Company and Richmond Railway Company, from the proximity of their goods station to the City,
Chaplin, William J., Esq., chairman of the South appear to be very small indeed, the goods traffic of this
Western Railway Company,
line being all brought to London-bridge. The exten-
Clephan, Mr: James. sion of the goods station of the Birmingham Company to
Collier, Mr. Vincent John, secretary to the Regent's the City, would act prejudicially to all carriers, says Mr.
Canal Company. Horne. The extension of the London and Birmingham
Railway to the East and West India Docks will very
Corner, George Richard, Esq.
Creed, Richard, Esq , secretary to the London and considerably lessen the employment of carriers from the
Camden-town station. Mr. Baxendale thinks that the
Birmingham Railway Company.
cost of loading and unloading would remain the same,
Dalrymple, Robert Farre, Esq.
t Doull, Mr. Alexander, assistant engineer to the North therefore the saving would be lessened by the cost of
Kent Railway Company, those operations.
Ewards, Mr. Samuel Price, collector of Customs, LOCAL AND SANATORY EFFECTS OF RAILWAYS.—The
Southampton. Rev. Timothy Gibson, clergyman of St. Matthew, Beth-
nal-green, states that the formation of the Eastern Farrell, Mr. Harry Burrard.
Counties Railway has caused the removal of a great Fearon, Mr. John Peter.
Few, Mr. Charles, jun. number of houses and people that were a disgrace to the
neighbourhood. When there have been new buildings,
Fowler, Charles, Esq. architect.
Gibson, Rev. Timothy, clergyman of St. Matthew's, they have been of a much better order. Some of the
Bethnal-green,
improvement, however, must be attributed to the opera-
Giles, Mr. Frank. tion of the New Building Act. Many houses have been
built in Bethnal-green on either side of the railway ; all
Glyn, George Car, Esq., chairman of the London and
built in the last two or three years, are of a better order
Birmingham Railway Company,
than those built previously. The formation of two or
Goldsmid, Sir Isaac Lyon, Bart., chairman of the
three good thoroughfares would tend much to improve
North Kent Railway Company.
Gordon, General Sir James Willoughby, Bart., G.C.8., the parish ; it would bring new inhabitants, and cause
G.C.H._ new and better houses to be built. There have been
Hague, Mr. Thomas, architect. persons in the parish of a very dissolute and abandoned
Hayward, Mr. Joseph (of Messrs. Pickford and Co.) character, but they are getting rid of a great number of
Higgins, Mr. James White, valuer of property. them. This has been done by pulling down Webb-
Horne. Mr. Benjamin Worthy, carrier.
square on the immediate side of the terminus at Shore-
ditch, which was a sort of receptacle for pickpockets,
Horne, James, Esq., deputy-chairman of the North
London Junction Company. housebreakers, and prostitutes. Has heard that a great
Horton, Rev. John, A.M., rector of St. George's, many of those persons have gone into the neighbourhood
Southwark. of Clerkenwell. In respect of other classes, not of bad
Hosking, William, Esq., official referee of metropoli- character, but hard-working artizans, who have been re-
tan buildings. moved from their houses by the railway, many of them
How, Mr. John. have gone into other parts of the parish, to the right of
Church-street from Tysson-street, down to Shoreditch,
Hudson, George, Esq., M.P.
and the back streets. Thinks they have generally got bet-
Humphery, Alderman John, M.P.
Jones, Richard Lambert. Esq. ter lodged in consequence of the removal. Cannot say
Kelsey, Mr. Richard, surveyor to the city of London. whether at the same cost or not. These changes upon
the whole appear, in witness's opinion, to have been
Locke, Joseph, Esq. engineer.
Martin, Albinus, Esq., superintendent and resident beneficial to the morals and to the health of the district;
engineer of the South-Western Railway. does not see what effect these changes can have upon
Martin, John, Esq. the morals of the people, except as by thinning those
Miller, John, Esq., engineer. of bad character. People herding together in great
n
Moreing, Mr. Henry, secretary of the Great Western numbers are apt to become increasingly corrupt and
and Brentford line. depraved. Is of opinion, therefore, that the dispersion
Page, Thomas, Esq., engineer. of large congregations of poor and sometimes dissolute
Paine, Mr. John Davis, engineer. inhabitants is beneficial, inasmuch as it destroys the
Pearson, Charles, Esq., solicitor to the city of London. influence they have one upon the other ; there is less
Pennethorne, Mr. James architect to the Commis-
excitement to evil. And, perhaps, intermixes them by
closers of Woods and Forests. ,
a better class of inhabitants. Whole streets of new
Pott, Mr. Charles (of Messrs. Pott). houses have been built upon speculation for the use of
Pound, Mr. Charles. the poor consequent upon their expulsion from existing
Pym, Mr. John. districts. Great numbers in the immediate neighbour-
hood of the church have been removed. In that case
Remington, George, Esq.
they usually go into cleaner and better habitations than
Bendel, James Meadows, El.
Rose, Mr. Henry. those which they have been compelled to leave. There
have been two or three streets in the immediate neigh-
Simpson, Tbomas Bridge, Esq.
Smith, Mr, Frederick. bourhood of the church built lately for the acconarno-
Statham, Mr. Thomas Henry.
dation of persons removed by the railway ; there have
-
been at least 150 new houses built lately in witness's
Stepheus, Mr. Charles.
Stephenson, Robert, Esq., engineer. immediate neighbourhood. The persons removed by
Stephens, Mr. William, solicitor.
the railway have no pre-eminent title to the occupa-
Stormy, Mr. Herbert. tion of these houses. These houses have been mostly
Stuter, Mr. Richard. built by single individuals, not by any company. The
demand for house accommodation at the time these
Tempany, Mr. Andrew John.
Tite, William, Bag. houses were being bult was so great that the greater
Tyrrell, Timothy, Esq. part of them were let a considerable time before they
Vignoles, Charles, Esq., engineer. were finished. There is at present a great demand for
Whittington, Mr. Benjamin, trustee of Finsbury-sq. a better class of houses. The persons who live in the
Whitman, Mr. Arthur, superintendent of the Black- immediate neighbourhood of the railway complain of the '
wall Railway. noise made by letting out the steam ; this is a great 1
Williams, Mr. Edward William, secretary of the annoyance at first, but custom soon reconciles them to
it. The Eastern Counties Railway is built, for the
Thames Embankment Company.
wlt would take days to dilute, and editions de die in whole length in its passage through the parish, upon
diem, to give the matter amassed in it even moderement. arches. There has been no proposal actually made to
use
Thinking that a generalisation of the contents would be these arches for schools, or for any parochial pur-
most contributive of interest, the majority of the evi- pose. The Railway Company willingly allow the use of,
dence as to specific schemes having for the most part lost them when wanted for occasional meetings, such as
its primitive pertinency, we have epitomised the most getting together a great number of poor people and the
popular portions of it into paragraphs. The Commis- children of the schools. They have not only accomnao-
sioners, it may be mentioned, were Viscount Canning, dated the clergyman by lending the arch room, but
Lord Dalhousie, the Lord Mayor. Sir Charles Henries, they have been very kind in fitting it up, and making
and Sir Frederick Smith ; and their report, which we every possible preparation for it. They have shown
every disposition to oblige the clergy. There are two
gave some months ago, was the result of a continuous
incubation of two months, from the 15th of April to the arches in Brick-lane, forming part of either side of the
line, which have been let to greengrocers. They, how-
loth of June. This report embodied an unambiguous
objurgation of all schemes, having for their object an ever, are rather a nuisance than a benefit, from their
approach to the metropolis upon its northern frontier, Sunday trading. Sunday trading carried on very ex-
the adjudication of the Commissioners as regarded all
tensively in the parish, notwithstanding all the effjr:s
schemes from the south being of a diametrically different made to repress it. The practice has greatly increased
during the last thirty years. Attributes the increase to
character, the vezata qucestio with the Commission being
the circulation amongst the lower classes of infidel tracts
whether the extension of railways into the centre of the
metropolis is calculated to afford such additional con- and pamphlets, pouring contempt upon religion of all
kinds. Excessive demoralisation of the lower orders in
veyance or benefit to the public as will compensate for
the sacrifice of property, the interruption of important the parish attributed also to the prevalence of infidel
thoroughfares, and interference with plans of improve- lecturers, who harangue the people on Sunday evenings
ment. On the general questions their conclusions were in the numerous tea shops, which are open in almost
four-fold, viz., "1. That on the north of the Thames no every street. The railway has nothing to do with this
railway now before Parliament, or projected, be per- evil. Cutting down neighbourhoods, in which they
mitted to come within the limits described in their in- have herded in such large masses, to make room for
structions. 2. That if at any time hereafter it should the railway, has doubtless diminished the evil. The
be deemed advisable to admit railways within those li. benefit not confined to the absolute space cut away, but
wits, this should be done in conformity with some uni-
extends to the houses right and left of the line. The whole
form plan, carefully laid down under the authority of her of the line now taken for the railway formerly occupied
Majesty's Government, and sanctioned by the wisdom by narrow streets, courts, and alleys, in which
of Parliament; and that under no circumstances, should people of the very worst description herded together by
the thoroughfares of the metropolis and the property and thousands and tens of thousands. The whole of the spot
comfort of its inhabitants be surrendered to separate now covered by the terminus was occupied by the de-
schemes, brought forward at different times, and without scription of houses referred to. Does not know what
effect the railway has beyond its immediate neighbour-
reference to each other. 3. That on the south of the
Thames, either the North Kent Railway be permitted to hood upon the habits of the poor, but certainly a great
have its terminus in Union-street, and to join the fermi- number of the poor in the vicinity of the railway are
nus of the South-Western Railway at Waterloo-bridge; more decent in their appearance than they used to be.
or that the South- Eastern Railway be permitted to extend Improved habitations tend, unquestionably, in some
to Waterloo-bridge; according as one or other of these degree to improve the morals and conduct of individuals.
lines may, upon a comparison of their general merits, Does not recollect a single instance where persons re-
receive the sanction of Parliament, and subject, in either moved by railways from inferior houses have gone to
houses of an inferior character. They remove almost
case, to the conditions which are pointed out in the
universally into better houses. The peter rates are
report. 4. That the extension of the South-Western
Railway to London-bridge be permitted, subject to the lower at present, and have been for the last two or
three years, than they used to be. The people are more
conditions pointed out in the report. 5. That atom-
employed. The railway itself employs a great number
municatien between the railways approaching London
oon the north and south sides of the river, and a con- of hands. The district through which the proposed ex-
tension will pass is full of courts, alloys, and small
nexion between them and the docks being desirable, this
should he effected by a railway encircling the metropolis. nreets, and is, for the most part, a wretched neighbour •
crossing the Thames at some point west of Vauxhall- hood.
bridge, and not coming within the limits of the inquirj Goons TRAFFIC to and from Nine Elms Station of
on the north side of the river." South-Western.—Description of it shows that large
It remains, therefore, to be seen whether from the quantities of fruit are brought to Southampton from the
Mediterranean, and from Nine Elms to the City, in
tenor of the evidence, and upon the mere ground of
propertied rights, interference with plans of improve- harts. Fruits and perishable commodities are sent up
went and ~ impediments to important thoroughfares," 'nom Southampton on this line. Coal is delivered down
which important thoroughfares the railways would also the S.mth-Western line, from London to Weybridgc.,
be themselves, and in the face, upon the other hand, of Wokiog, Farnborough, and nearly to Basingstoke.
3,797 tons of coal brought to Nine Elms in 1845, 11.700
new facilities fur quick transit to great centres by an un- 2
tons consumed at Nine Elms, arid the remaining quantity
broken bracketing of railways north and south, east and
west, combined with the moral, local, sanatory, civil, and delivered at Woking, Guildford, Weybridge, Walton,
Esher, and Kingston stations. Coal is brought to Nine
municipal improvements shown by the evidence to have
Elms by water. Large quantities of aericultursl pro-
been already effected by the carrying of railways into
:Thee brought to Basingstoke and Warren Farm,
densely peopled districts, the Commissioners were
justified in their sweeping condemnation of all schemes from Salisbury and other places. The extent of the
proposing either to pierce or encircle London's centre. traffic between the City and this station very great. The
We glean from a first perusal the following particulars traffic is small compared with the traffic on the northern
of interest:— lines. The extent of traffic at Nine Elms necessarily
THE tenwaen. increased with the great increase of the South- Western
Bie —There is a large passenger
line and branches. The original line was 77 miles
traffic on this line coming up from Gravesend, from
lns-
Grays, Erith, Dartford, Crayford, and Foot's Cray.
Ong. This increased to 100 miles of railway co
These are mostly farmers and others who come on the ploted and in operation. 92 miles in course of construe-
line on account of the proximity of the station in Fen- than, and 245 miles before Parliament in the present
s
church-street to the Corn Market, in Mark-lane. The session. About 65,000 tons of merchandise per annum
total cost of the line has been 300,0001. a mile, including ire brought to and from Nine Elms station : this is ex-
the carrying stock. Exclusive of the carrying stock, elusive of coals. The exact amount in the year 1845
2.50,0001. a mile. The passenger traffic on this line has was 74,499 tons. About 65,000 tons are conveyed in
increased one-half between the year 1842 and 1845. In carts, chiefly to and from the City, and the remainder
1842, 2,200,000 persons were carried on this line ; in by water. . Altogether the traffic in the year 1845 was
1845, 3,200,000. The traffic is still increasing. The 48,000 tons outwards, and 26,400 tons inwards. The
average price of property on it, including all the cost of tioods traffic averages 66,000 tons, inclusive of the coal
acquiring it, from 40,0001. to 50,0001. an acre. It is trade. Mr. Chaplin, the chairman, asserts that a reduc-
doubtful whether the Blackwell Company would not tion of the charges on the railway would greatly increase
have gained the object at a cheaper rate by forming a
this traffic. Nearly all the goods traffic on the South-
new street from the Minories to Fenchurch-street, in-
Western Railway goes to and from the City. The usual
stead of extending the railroad. Omnibuses now go to route ier London-bridge, that being toll-free. The
the terminus, and would have gone to the Minories for most direct route, in Mr. Horse's view of it, from Nine
Elms, would be over Southwark-bridge. The toll of Is.
the same money. This line has now become the high
~r. Is. 641. on each waggon, the cause of this bridge not
road into North Kent. The greatly increased traffic is
being used.
. The average cost of cartage of goods from
attributed to the extension to Fenchurch-street, as they
this station to the City. .is ss. 6d. per ton. It varies ac-
wharfs.are now enabled to compete with the London-bridge
cording to the description of goods from ss. to 6s. Bd.
The extension from the Minories to Fenchurch-
per ton. It averages to the Bank or London bridge ss.
street, a distance of 415 yards, cost 250,000/. Mr
per ton ; Is. a ton calculated as the expense of loading,
Pennethorne, the carrier, doubts whether the increased'
number of passengers is caused by this extension. It is the unloading is done by the South-Western Company.
not intended to extend this line further westward. The By extending the line to London-bridge, a saving of
portion of the property purchased for this railway, and Is. Bd. per ton would be effected in the cartage.
not required for the line, afterwards resold at a largely GOODS TRAFFIC to and from Bricklayers' Arms
increased rate. The houses of the poor taken down on Station of the South •Eestern.—A very large traffic in
each side have been rebuilt with great improvements. hops is brought from Kent to this station. Nearly all
A better class of houses in every instance built. There the hop traffic is brought to it, says Mr. Fearon.
are many instances where land purchased for this line 90,000 pockets of hops have been brought to the station.
and subsequently resold, close up to the railway, at They are brought in enormous trains, forty or fifty
wasegons in a train. From thirty to forty pockets are
aahiingaher price than before the line was made. The
ge of the district has been improved by the brought in each truck. This traffic requires an enormous
formation o f this line. The whole district has been amount of plant to carry it on. The hop trade is al-
materiallyimproved thereby. Streets and new rows most entirely confined to the Borough. The cost of
of houses have been built -close up to the line. Mr.
cartage is 33. 4d, per ton charged for all goods de-
Pennethorne disapproves of the xtensien of this line from livered from this station to any part of London. This
the Minories to Fenchurch-stereestr: and thinks no rail- is not a paying rate ;it ought to be 5s The railway
way ought to be allowed to cross company charge 3s. 4d., therefore the carriers are cern-
large a street as the Minories. The opinion is confined to railways upon pelted to carry at the same rate
arches ebove the level of the ground.TRAFFIC to and from Camden-town '
GOODS
Railways con-
structed below the level of the ground are less objection- of the London and North Western.—lt consists chiefly
able.—Extension and improvements in Progress • An of manufactured goods coming into London, and goods
Act has been obtained for widening this line from .
v for con .uniption for the c Awry goinc, down, such as
to Fenchurch-street, to accommodate the • Stepney
,groceries, draperies, and goods of that" description.
traffic anticipated. An addition of twelve feetleflies goods chiefly come from the City. As regards
sidered sufficient. Very little property required becon-emd the extent of i ,Messrs.Baxendale alone pay the Cona-
e 't
the power granted by a former Act. A considerable pang upwards of 60,000/, a-year for goods passing
amount of Eastern Counties and Northern and Eastern over the line into their warehouses. Messrs. Pickfoid
traffic is expected by the junction with the Eastern
tons a week, 800
pass over the railway about 1,600 .

orrw,

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
COURT OF BANKR UPTCY, Oetuber 21.
(Before Mr. Commissioner FONELANQUE.)
D. LOUIS MEI ER ROTHSCHILD'S BANK'AUPTCY.
The bankrupt, who was one of The parties failing
during the nuoscrot:s stoppages in he ieesellery trade
;est year, including Messrs. Esumaaei.s and other wealthy
firma appeared to day before the Court on the question
of certificate. He is-deeiribed as a diamond merchant,
carrying on business in Great Qieen-street, Lincoln's
Inn fields. Hie debts amount to nbout 8,000/., and his
liabilities to about 7,0001., while his assets have realized
about 3,500/.
Mr. Sturgeon opposed for Mr. Jesse], one of the as-
signees, and Mr. Lawrence for reveral other creditors.
Ur. Cooke supported the bankrupt.
The ground of opposition pursued by Mr STURGEON
chiefly referred to the suspicious nature of a transaction
with a person now abroad, named Schlessinger, and ex-
cessive expenditure. Mr. Sturgeon also charged the
bankrupt with having previously been unfortunate at.
Copenhagen, and not trading under the same name as he
was now known by in London.
Mr. LAIVRANCE took up the question of stork, and ar-
gued when the bankrupt passed his last examination The
Learned Gentleman contended that if the account of
stock was correct the bankrupt's profits were over-rated,
and did not warrant his expenditure, whilst such pur-
chases as those involved in the statement of 6,5001.,
which now produced little more than 3,0001., proved him
a reckless trader. On the other hand, if the account of
stock was incorrect, then there was good ground for
believing that fraud had been committed. In either case,
the bankrupt could not hope to get his certificate imme-
diately, seeing the doubtful and suspicious circumstance
connected with his failure.
The bankrupt was then examined. He still persevered
in adhering to a statement he made at a private sitting,
of having parted with a considerable amount of property
under threat to Schlessinger, at the time of the " great
panic" in the jewellery trade. Explaining the allegation
of passing under an alias when in Denmark, he swore
that his proper name was Rothschild, though he did not
take it up till he came to England. His business in
Copenhagen was carried on in the name of Meyer. He
failed there as a linendraper, having originally been in a
mercantile house. When he first came to London he
purchased Manchester goods on commission, and after a
little time began" to dabble" in precious stones. At first
his dealings were very trifling. They afterwards in-
creased, and in progress of time he turned his attention
selely to the trade.
By Mr. Comm—His creditors in Copenhagen were
quite satisfied with his conduct. His assets at first paid
12s. in the pound, and he had since discharged the other
Bs. (A llamburgh paper was here produced, with an
official notice on the subject, dated January, 1844.) It
was a satisfaction to him to be able to state that his na-
tive creditors since his arrival in London had consti-
tuted him their agent. His present failure was owing
to the general difficulties of the jewellery trade last,
year, when Messrs. Emanuels and other houses sus-
pended payment.
A question was mooted respecting certain moneys paid
to two of the assignees shortly before the bankruptcy,
and which was alleged to be the reason of their silence
on the present occasion.
Mr. Commissioner FONBLANQUE said he was perfectly
satisfied that those payments were correct, and the as-
sertion made no impression on his mind.
After a lengthy and able address from Mr. CooKE,
who went through the charges seriatim, characterising the
opposition as vindictive in the extreme, and unsanc-
tioned by the body of the creditors.
Mr. Commissioner FONBLANQUE said, the most serious
allegation made against the bankrupt rose from the ex-
traordinary discrepancy occurring in the amount which
he stated he paid fur his stock and the value put upon
it by competent persons. The bankrupt stated that his
stoic cost him about 6,500/. Some particular cre-
ditors, to whom the stock was submitted, valued it at
4,800/. Another party, Mr. Blogg, who was represented
to have extensive experience in the trade, thought that
if it were brought to public sale the stock would not
realise more than 3,600/., although, when examined, he
admitted that 10 or 15 per cent. might be added to that
amount. This extraordinary depreciation led to a sus-
picion that the stock was not actually the same as that
bought, it being possible to conceive that with things of
so great a value in a little space, it would be exceedingly
easy to substitute oilier stones of' different value, colour,
or fracture to make appearances favourable. The bank-
rupt had been subjected to severe examination in order
to ascertain whether such substitution had or had not
taken place, and he (the Learned Commissioner)
felt bound to say, from Rhat had been elicited in
evidence, that he believed no substitution had been
made. So far he exonerated the bankrupt from that
charge. But in coming to the conclusion that ro sub-
stitution had been made, and to account for the extrema.
dinary difference in value which appeared in the stock,
he (the Commissioner) was inclined to believe that the
explanation given by one party during this inquiry had
some weight in it, viz., that the bankrupt having the
advantage of a large stock took out the best stones and
sold them, so that the stock as it came into the hands of
the assignees was not a fair sample of what it had been,
but was merely the refuse of stock after the best had
been parted with., It had been stated before the Court
that, with the exception of a few articles, such as manu-
factured cameos and other jewels, which varied in
value according to fashion, the several kinds of stones
were not liable to great fluctuation. It therefore re-
sulted from that conclusion, that the statement of profit
on the bankrupt's balance sheet was not a fair one,
and insufficient to justify his expenditure. The next
very important feature was the transaction with
Schlessinger. This was a most singular affair, though
it was corroborated 'in a measure by a party who had
been examined. The bankrupt's wife, it must be re-
marked, had given her testimony on this subject with
great firmness and propriety ; and, had corroborative
evidence not been afforded in explanation, he (the Com-
missioner) should have regarded it as being one of those
fabricated romantic tales of burglaries, omnibus rob-
beries, and highway losses, sometimes resorted to by
bankrupts for balancing deficiencies or concealing pro•
perty. The story told concerning Schlessinger was very
obable, but still there were circumstances about the
case which induced him (the Commissioner) to believe
that the bankrupt had not forged it ; but, while acquit-
ting him of that crime, he must say the bankrupt had
been very negligent and most culpably guilty in suffering
a man to commit, according to his statement, all but
felony, without seeking the aid of the police. That he
should have parted with his property witheut at first
t was not signed, and also
covering fraud, it was ante-
dtha discoveringat
et ' d
, for
:be trtahste teh da mostpturptheoc
s eo
rexceedingefeiP negligence on the part of
the bankrupt, who knew at the time that he could not
meet his creditors. The fact of the project of the
1,000/. being abandoned by the very transaction, and
the loss of jewellery which he must have expected, if
sold by Schlessinger in Pal is, would not be paid by him,
but used by Schlessinger for his own purposes, must have
ri Suchxh i exhibited i t e moss
r sgave s
and
grave
cul-
pable
forrlegli suspicion; and though he (the Commissioner)
convinced the bankrupt that his position could not be
improved byertchee
acsirczm circumstance
s
en ewould not go to the extent of saying that he acted in
cause
collusion with Schlessinger, still it was approaching
in
nature a fraud, and for such negligence he (the Com-
missioner) would have severely punished the bankrupt,
only he found that in his other conduct he had dealt
very fairly. The majority of his creditors seemed in a
manner to sympathise with his position. The few op-
• creditors had failed to make out a strong case
posing .
against him. He had delivered up what property he
possessed; and it was tested by the certificate of a person
who investigated the subject, that in all instances tried
by way of experiment he did actually pay for his stock
the price he named. His negligence, with the question
of expenses and profit, were the only points he (the
Commissioner) thought worth anything in considering
the act of punishment. On these he should suspend his
certificate for nine months from the time of the bank-
rupt's passing his last examination.
Mr. Comm applied to his Honour for the bankrupt's
protection.
Mr. Commissioner FONBLANQUE said he would allow
'he protection, as there was no fraud. The certificate
was suspended on the ground); of culpable negligence in
suffering the robbery (for it could be called little less) by
Szchlessine' .r to take place, and his expenses exceeding
e
what the Court consider, d his lair profits.
DOMINIQUE 0. MORELL'S BANKRUPTCY.
The bankrupt in this case was a surgeon-dentist,
carrying on business in Larigharn-place. He also applied
For his certificate. His debts (including those secured)
are nearly 4,000/., but the assets are very small, and will
scarcely pay the expenses of the fiat.
He was opposed by Mr. Stafford, and supported by
Mr. Cooke.
The question involved was the conduct of the bank-
ropt in disposing of certain furniture to Mr. Wyan, of
llighgate, consisting of a lady's wardrobe, and other
articles necessary for a bed-room, in satisfaction of a
dishonoured bill of 501, and also in deferring the pay-
ment of a small bill of 221., to a Mr. Lemale, when, ac-
cording to his banker's book, he had paid larger sums to
other parties. These circumstances were laid before his
Honour as substantiating charges of fraudulent prefer-
ence in contemplation of bankruptcy.
The bankrupt's version of the affair, supported by the
argument of Mr. Cooke was, that Mr. Wynn having
taken a ladies school in the neighbourhood of Highgate,
Mrs. Morell, being highly educated, undertook the ma-
nagement, and this furniture was reruoved for her ac-
commodation. Mr. Wyan having made some advances
to the bankrupt, and the bill for 501. given for these Ad-
vances being dishonoured, the goods were accepted in
satisfaction of that demand. The bankrupt declared the
removal was not in contemplation of bankruptcy, for he
was at the time negotiating the sale of his business,
which, if it had been completed, would have satisfied all
his creditors. With respect to the bill due to Mr. Lemale,
the bankrupt slid he had offered 19/. and paid the attor-
ney's costs; but Mr. Lemale would hear of no arrange-
ment. A charge of extravagant expenditure was entered
into; but Mr. Cooke, besides endeavouring to show that
a variety of items were introduced which ought not
strictly to have appeared under that head, claimed the
indulgence of the Court for a professional
man's position
when combating with difficulties in his pursuits. If Mr.
Morel! was successful in business again, he would wil-
lingly pay the whole of his creditors.
Mr. Commissioner FONBLANQUE—DO you make that
a condition in the receipt of your certificate?
We COOKE—We will, certainly, to the extent of 10s.
in the pound.
Mr. Cotnnaissioner roeneANQUE—Yes, and I think you
had better get back that furniture. You must do that
before I take the certificate into consideration. I shall
make it a rule in all cases where professional men come
before me—whether surgeon-dentists, apothecaries, or
attorneys—to import a condition into their certificates.
In all those cases where capital is in the hands or in the
brain it will he necessary to do so, because such persons,
I find, are constantly failing, and as they carry their
capital with them they are perfectly free, after they ob-
tain their certificate. It seema that the bankrupt, by

- -
out and 800 in. Mr. Hayward passes over the rail-
way about 85,000 tons a year, is one of twenty carriers
working at the same station. The whole business
of the railway i 3, perhaps, about ten times this amount
Tne greater part of the teethe from this stati :ri
is for the City. At ieast three. fourths of the whole
train .: is destieol for the City, the docks, and t lac,,s
eastward of the station. The cost of cartage is dtp(,,ndtt.t
upon the nature of the commodity conveyed. Iron goods
are moved at a very low rate; from ss. to 6s. per ton.
There is no charge less than ss. a ton. The Manchester
pack and goods of that description are charged higher.
Leicester goods being in small consignments arc charged
7s. per ton. If all goods were taken to Euston-square,
instead of from Camden-town, a saving of from Is. to
ls. 6d. per ton on cartage would be effected by the
diminished distance.
RAILWAYS AND THEIR MILITARY USES.—General
Sir James Willoughby Gordon, Bart., G.C.B , G.C.H.
and Major-General Sir John Fox Burgoyne, K.C.8.,
gave evidence on this subject. Sir J. W. Gordon gives
his opinion generally upon the advantages to be derivf d,
militarily speakin;s, from a connexion between the rail-
ways on the north bank of the Thames and those on
the south bank of the Thames, and also as to the best
means of connecting these railways for military
purposes. The different metropolitan termini at pre-
sent executed are, he thinks, all well situated, and
exceedingly well adapted for facilitating military
movements. Does not see any advantage that would
arise from a change. If anything like a central termi
nus is intended, should ray it would be attended with
inconvenience. The different termini now are all
central, in a circle of somewhat large diameter, but still
in a circle. If the circle be contracted, for military pur-
poses it might be attended with very serious incon-
venience. In assembling large bodies of troops with
their necessary accompaniments, equipments, and bag-
gage of all kinds, women and children, it is difficult to
put them in regular motion from any given place at any
time ; but when these are all brought from different
parts to one central place, and under different command.
ing officers, can conceive nothing more calculated to
create a very great confusion. Cannot see that the
formation of a connecting line, or a railway joining all
other lines in and round the metropolis, will facilitate
military movements. The only inconvenience occasioned
by the present termini is the time lost in moving bodies
of troops from one station to another. It would be a
saving, probably, of three or four hours between Nine
Elms and Euston-square. To this extent connecting
lines would undoubtedly be some convenience. The
necessity, for military purposes, of a continuous con-
nexion between railways north and south of the Thames,
altogether a question of time. In the last four years
there have been moved by railways 250,000 people, of
which about 12,000 have been women, and some
14,000 children ; and these have been moved with-
out an accident of any kind. Knows of no other
conveyance which would show this result. Rail-
ways, therefore, are not only the more rapid, but
also the more safe mode of conveyance. In the
event of invasion or threatened invasion, it would doubt-
less be very desirable for the defence of the country to
form a communication between the northern and southern
lines of railway. An unbroken connexion be-
tween the northern and southern railways particu-
larly desirable for the purpose of moving cavalry and
artillery. In moving troops generally, the more con
tinuous the lino the better. Cavalry and artillery seldom
removed by railway on account of the great expense at-
tending it. Whatever description of military force may
be moved by railway, a continuous line always better
than a broken one. Anything that requires to be taken
from a railway at one point, and moved to another, is
very inconvenient; and the more this can be avoided the
better for the public service. In private life the incon-
venience and the risk in transporting horses is much
greater than that of transporting human beings. The
establishment of central stations in the metropolis, for
the different railways, not necessary, and when so placed
might be productive of great inconvenience. If large
bodies of people are brought to one centre, there will be
a confusion in getting them out of one place and into
another; and if there were horse and artillery, the con-
fusion will be much greater. Can conceive nothing more
convenient. Considers that the present termini are
quite central enough. The less interrupted the line of
movement is, the more convenient; whether the move-
ments be made on foot, or on horseback, or by railway,
the principle is the same. Is at present using the
railways for the purpose of moving troops. To the
extent of 60,000 a year. Troops are usually moved
by railways when the public service requires
celerity of movement. Connecting Woolwich with
Portsmouth by railway very desirable. Sir J. F. Bur-
goyne stated that he has turned his attention very much
to the system of national defence, and the degree to
which railways might contribute to it. Considers it of
great importance to connect Woolwich with the southern
and western parts of England by railway. The old
mode of conveyance was chiefly by water, round the
coast, and of course was subject to great interruption in
time of war. That communication would be just as
well afforded by railway for military purposes if it did
not come nearer to London perhaps than two miles or
thereabouts. It is not necessary to come through the
heart of the metropolis to effect the object in view. Per-
haps it is better avoided, as in the case of the transport
of ammunition, &c. The same would apply to a con-
nexion between Woolwich, or between the south of Eng-
land and the north ; it might be just as well carried
round London as through it. Imagines that a few miles
increased length would make very little difference in
that respect, the great object is the continuity and non-
interruption of the intercourse. Thinks it very desir-
able to connect all the northern and southern lines for
the purpose of perfecting a system of national de-
fence. The same railway carriages being available
throughout the route of great importance in effecting
a continuous line. 2,000 men require at least 100 car-
riages ; 2,000 men would be a small number for an
emergency upon an invasion, or in any case of that kind,
where it might be desirable to assemble a large number
of troops. 100 carriages is a large number to carry on
one line, therefore it would be of considerable import-
ance to make the carriages on one line available for any
other. With the power that the railways ought to give
to the Government, every soldier in Great Britain might
be assembled on any one point in twenty-four hours, and
even from any part of Ireland within a few hours more.
But in bringing them by the different railways to Lon-
don,
and moving them from London, unless all the car- '
riages can be made available, they will be taken down
by driblets to the point of action. Without a continuous
line, troops having arrived at Nine-elms for Portsmouth,
from the Birmingham line, fur instance, would not find
a sufficient number of carriages to take them on to Ports-
mouth. Any communication, though circuitous, that
would enable all the carriages to be applicable,
would meet the point alluded to. Sir J. W. Gordon
suggest., with regard to all lines of road by which mili-
tary supplies of any kind are to be moved, that the
Government should be consulted in tracing the
line, and the proper military and civil authorities should
report upon the line before it is made. This is par-
ticularly necessary, a 3 in case of military operations
carried on in the country, the lines which were intended
only for commercial purposes were found to interfere
with those operations, either by impeding our own
movements, or facilitating those of the enemy, the duty
of the commanding officer would be to destroy them.—
Sir J. F. Burgoyne conceives that the facility and ra-
pidity of steam navigation render the country very sus-
ceptible of being attacked on a sudden on the breaking
out of a war, and it is very necessary to improve the
means of defence. The only resources at command are
the navy, fortifications, and the concentration of the
troops. The navy might not be able to come in at par-
ticular periods. The fortifications have all yet to be
made. Therefore it would be of still more importance
to facilitate the concentration of troops. The forces
might be concentrated faster than the enemy could land
them; there is a great difficulty in landing a large num-
ber of troops; it takes a very long time. Witness
attaches very great importance to a line being carried
across the Thames to connect the northern and south-
ern railways; it is of very great importance, more par-
ticularly in London than in any part of Great Britain.

PROGRESS OF FOREIGN LINES.
MONTEREAU AND TROY ES.—ThO Council-general of
the department of Haute-Marne have voted in favour of
the continuation of this line. The Minister of Public
Works has ordered that the continuation from Troyes, as
far as Chaumont, should be the subject of a commis.>ion
of inquiry. By this addition the Troyes line will meet
that of St. Disler and Gray, and will become the shortest
route from Paris towards the east of France, Northern
Switzerland, and Germany.
BORDEAUX AND CETTE.—lmmediately on the con-
firmation of the statutes of this company, a general ap-
pointment of the managing staff took place. M. tie
Espeleta has been named president, and the Duke
d'Albufera vice-president. In conformity with the
,statutes, two managing committees of five members each
have been formed—one at Paris to superintend the finan-
cial operations, the other at Bordeaux, more particu
larly to superintend the construction of the line.
ROANNE.—The engineers of highways, who surveyed
the lines between Moulins and Roanne, and Roanne to
Quevillere, are continuing their operations as far as
Saint Etienne and the Rohne, in order to establish be-
tween Nantes, Orleans, and Marseilles the shortest rail-
way communication, and the most favourable to meet
the commercial wants of the valleys of the Loire and
the Rhone.

CREIL AND ST. QUENTIN.—The general council of
the Department of the North, at a late sitting, came to
the determination to carry this line as far as the frontier,
touching the Erquelinnes and Charleroi Railway. By
this means it will afford the most direct communication
between Paris and the north of Germany, and diminish
the distance between Paris and Cologne about 100 kilo-
metres (62 miles). It will also present the shortest route
to Brussels, as soon as the Belgian section of the line
from Erquelinnes to Mauberge is completed. M. Lour-
pop, auditor of the council, and member of the board of
commissioners of the line, has visited the whole of the
route, by order of the Minister of Public Works, to re-
port statistically on its merits, and there is little doubt
that the vestion, with regard to a speedy concession,
will receive an early decision.
Tortts AND NANTES.—If the arrangements now being
made by this Company are realised, there is every reason
for fixing the opening of the portion between Tours and
Angers by,the bLginning of Sep'ember, 1847.

AIRS. GORE'S NEW NOVEL, ENTITLED, " MEN. OF
CAPITAL," is published this day, in three vols, by Mr.
Colours, and may be had at all the libraries. The
following new works of fiction are also now ready. 2.
The Roman Traitor, by 11. W. Herbert, Esq., author of
" Oliver Cromwell." 3. Leontine, by Mrs. Moberly.
4. Marston, by the author of " Salathiel." 5. Ad-
ventures of Captain O'Sullivan, by W. H. Maxwell, 1
Esq. 6. C:mtessions of a Pretty Woman, by Miss Par-
dee. 7. The Citizen of Prague, Edited by Mary
Howett. Second edition. 8. The Wild Irish Girl, by
Lady Morgan, revised, with a new preface and Rotes,
forming the new volume of Colbura's Standard Novels,
price 6s. bound, with portrait.

his banker's book, did pay a larger sum to another cre-
ditor at the time Mr. Lcmale's bill was due.
An explanation w•as about to be given on this subject,

:'Tr. Commissioner FONDLINQTTE said he. sheull not
pronounce judgment at present, but Would tl!ow the
bankrupt a tortoight to see Wi at ho wou!d really propose.
both with respect to the furniture and provision for his
creditors.

- POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
MANSION-HO USE.
Nacirnan Lazarus, a German, who pretended that he
could not speak a word of English, was brought before
the Lord Mayor, charged with having attempted to pick
the pockets of several gentlemen.
Haydon, a City policeman, said that he had observed
the prisoner, in Gracechurch-street, slip his hand into
the pockets of three gentlemen. The prisoner, very
shortly afterwards, tried the pocket of a fourth gentle-
man, who moved away from him, b.-ing evidently aware
the attempt, and witness seeing that he was deter-
mined to do mischief, took him into custody.
The prisoner interrupted the policeman frequently, by
extravagant gestures, exclaiming that he knew nothing
of what was said about him.
One of the justice-room attendants said the man spoke
the English language fluently, and had just been speak-
ing to one of his fellow-prisoners upon the subject of the
charge.
The prisoner—Not at all. I speak no English. Ino
try to pick de pocket, and dis officer is a bad man. lam
a good man.
The LORD MAYOR—Why did you pretend that you
did not understand anything that was said to you? The
prisoner—l did not understand it.—(Laughter.)
The LORD MAYOR—WeII then, I'll tell you exactly
whatit was.
The prisoner—No, no, me no understand nothing.
Ah ha! look at dis. (Showing a passport, dated July,
1846.) Dis show I know nothing of picking pockets.
Another policeman said he had taken the prisoner
into custody about three weeks or a month ago, in
Cheapside; but the complainant could not be found, and
the prisoner's discharge was the consequence.
The prisoner—Ah ha! I am in London only eleven
days, so how could Ibe taken? 'Tis all false, my Lord.
The prisoner then made a great noise in asserting his
innocence, and, before he concluded, evinced a much
better acquaintance with the language of which he said
he was: utterly ignorant, than any specimen in the
above account testified.
The LORD MAYOR—I consider you to be a ♦ery bad
fellow, prisoner.
The prisoner—No, no. This is the bad fellow. He
wants to make an innocent man guilty.
The LORD MAYOR—You have acquired a very rapid
; knowledge of our language !
The prisoner—No, no, me no understand it at all.
The LORD MAYOR—You shall go to Bridewell for 14
days, and hard labour and short allowance.
The prisoner was then removed, and as he went he
damned the officer in excellent English.
James Murray, an elderly man, who generally appears
in the streets with a basket 44' toys, was charged with
having gone into a public-house in Bucklersbury and
stolen a handkerchief and two aprons, which lay upon
the seat, and belonged to a poor woman.
The LORD MAYOR—What do you say to this, pri-
soner? The prisoner—Why, then, upon my soul, I
never done such a thing before.
The LORD MAYOR—Was the prisoner drunk ? The
prisoner--Not I, faith.
The LORD MAYOR—And why did you steal this poor
woman's property ? The prisoner—Why, then, faith,
I'll tell you how it was. I went into the house, and I
had the misfortune to lay my hands upon the things, and
I walked away with 'em.—(Laughter.)
Committed for fourteen days' hard labour and shor
allowance.