The Sun.
London, England, 1848-07-25 00:00:00

reasoner like the author of the " Progress of
America," as eminently entitled to consideration, not
only because the history of civilization and the spread
of liberal ideas during the last hundred years, dating
from the middle of the eighteenth to the middle of the
nineteenth century, are here epitomized in seventy-
two pages octavo—but because to all these circum-
stances may be added just now the extraordinary
position of affairs both within the realms of England,
and beyond the seas in either hemisphere. So mar-
vellous, so rapid, so comprehensive, so sudden, be-
wildering, and tremendous have been the political
changes effected since the commencement of 1848,
that the average views of the multitude upon the
great questions of social distinction and constitutional
government are liable to fall into an appalling state of
confusion, unless the direct tendency of the popular
movement is continually forced upon the recollection
of the community, even at the hazard of a wearisome
itteration and tautology. Never, indeed, was it more
requisite to remind the people of these islands again
and again, in language admitting of no possible miscon-
struction, of the actual sequence of the events which
have led England and Europe into their present
astonishing predicament. At this important junc-
ture Mr. MACGREGOR publishes a pamphlet precisely
adapted to the existing emergency—a pamphlet which
cannot fail, if read with due calmness and deliberation,
to place even the most ignorant au courant of the late
revolutions on the continent, and to explain
away ,those things which may have hitherto
appeared to them of a wholly irreconcileable
and anomalous character in the development of
modern civilization. Our distinguished pamphleteer
has concentrated into some sixteen miniature chapters
a narrative which spreads over enormous files of
old newspapers, over annotations and commentaries,
and memoirs and autobiographies, and the lumber
of the most garrulous reminiscences, making in all
a library, the very catalogue of which is
voluminous. Here, therefore, is more than an " Illiad"
compressed into a nutshell. And this, we take it, is
sufficient reason for our continual reference to the
small but solid and philosophic argument of the Ho-
nourable Representative for Glasgow.

If the Communists of Paris and the Red Republi-
cans of Dublin could find leisure for reading in the
midst of their sanguinary and diabolical intrigues,
we should certainly conjure them, in the name of
every quality that is best and bravest in man, to pon-
der over the facts recorded in this pamphlet of Mr.
MACGREGOR. Those facts would demonstrate the
madness of a merely spoliative insurrection—they
would show the French anarchists that their favourite
doctrine can only lead to their own destruction and
execration—they would prove to the Irish rebels that,
by abandoning the Moral Force system of their im-
mortal LIBERATOR, they have not merely rendered
their own political annihilation inevitable, but they
have, by a series of dastardly and ignominious crimes,
caused Ireland to become at once a curse to England
and an abomination to Christendom. It were lunacy
to imagine for one moment, however, that the ravings
of madmen can be in any respect abated by the
wholesome diet of a logical disquisition. Our re-
peated allusions to the pamphlet of Mr. MACGREGOR
are consequently made with a direct reference to
men other than the rebel bands of Citipan &Awn,
or the raw recruits of the would-be Xing of MON-
STER. We speak not to the irrational but to the rational
—not to traitors but to patriots—not in the hope of
converting insurgents to loyalty, but with the inten-
tion of confirming in all, their just, patriotic, and
loyal sentiments, the thoughtful men of this old
Saxon England. With such an avowed purpose then
we earnestly direct the attention of the English
people to the third section of this interesting and re
markable pamphlet—the section respecting the
"Effects of the American and First French Revolu-
tions." Not that. the chapter conveys any novel or
startling revelations—its statements, in fact, being
every one of them patent to the student in European
and American history—but because it condenses the
long annals of those revolutions into the most compact
and portable compass, while the pamphleteer deduces
a great truth from the occurrences on either side of the
Atlantic. After recounting the colonization of Vir-
ginia and Maryland by republican spirits who sought
the realization of their visions of political indepen-
dence beyond the shores of the United Kingdom—
after detailing the struggle which ensued between
the descendants of these primitive emigrants and the
Government of the mother country, that great
struggle which ended in the isolation of the United
States, and the dismemberment of the colonies of
Great Britain—after telling how it came to pass that
the French officers who had fought in North America
under the victorious banners of GEORGE WASHINGTON,
carried with them to France the enthusiasm of repub-
lican ideas, and " ingrafted revolutionary principles
on the philosophy of the Academy"—the Member
for Glasgow shows that the visionaries of an Infidel
and Democratic Revolution saw only the chance of the
restoration of his natural rights to Man in the de-
struction of Christianity, and in the subversion of
the existing systems of monarchy and oligarchy.
That terrible blunder is now goading on the rebels of
Ireland, as it did recently the insurgents of France.
The catastrophe of their heinous guilt be upon their
own heads, and the infamy of the whole movement
be concentrated on the memories of their depraved
demagogues !

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
They are principally occupied with the affairs o

Ireland, and with the exception of the RVirme, the
organ of LEDRU ROLLIN, they denounce, in no
measured terms, that which they justly designate as
the Communist and Jacobinal movement, at the head
of which Messrs. SMITH O'BRIEN and MEAGHER have
placed themselves. The fact that the Reform° is
favourable to the Irish rebels would be alone sufficient
to stamp their cause as the cause of Communism, and
the war which they declare a war not against England
only, but against all order, all property, and all
civilization.

The Journal des Debats thus accurately describes
;he character of the movement :

" It is the Yoiing Ireland, or, in other words, the Ja-
cobin, party that makes the present movement. It is
not only a Republican movement, which can no longer
be a crime in our eyes, but also a Communist movement.
This is what distinguishes it from the old agitation, by
the aid of which O'Connell drew from England religious
emancipation, and so many other reforms. The war
which the Irish clubbists wish to raise is a servile war.
It is an insurrection against property, of which the
avowed end is the division of the land. That transfor-
mation of the Irish agitation is what makes it in the
present circumstances so grave, and the reason is this--
Formerly an insurrection in Ireland could find no echo
in England, while now the Jacobin movement in the one
corresponds with the Chartist movement in the other,
and the shots fired in Dublin, Waterford, or Cork, may
set fire to Liverpool, Manchester, Bradford, or Notting-
ham. The English Government knows this, and it is on
that account it is taking the most rapid means possible
to cut short the insurrection."
The same writer thus calculates the chances of
the success of the movement :
" We do not believe in the possibility of the success
of the insurrection. The forces are not equal. The
movement party is much less numerous than many, on
account of the noise they make, suppose. It is composed
of the Young Ireland party only, which has against it,
not only the English party, but almost all the Old Ire-
land party, namely, that of O'Connell and the clergy.
On the one side, then, there is disunion—on the other
there is not only union but discipline. There are about
50,000 troops, who can be carried with rapidity to any
point; and besides this, the whole of the north is
Orangist and Protestant. We, therefore, consider the
success of the general movement as impossible; but we
think that a series of partial insurrections, which cannot
be suppressed without the effusion of blood, is inevitable.
This is our opinion, but with so singular a country- as
Ireland it is difficult to answer for anything."
The- Univers, the organ of M. DE Mori TALEMBERT
and the parti pretre, is also exceedingly severe in its
denunciation of the Young Irelanders for their
departure from the moral-force system so success-
fully practised by the late Liberator, O'CONNELL.
It was rumoured in the Salle des Conferences, yes-
terday, that the Committee on Foreign Affairs were
all but unanimously of opinion that, in consequence
of the advance of the Austrians to Ferrara, the army
of the Alps, under the command of General OUDINOT,
should immediately enter Italy.
Galin rani says that, on Saturday morning, Gene-
ral CA.VAIGNAC received the officers of all the corps
of the army present at Paris, of the National Guard
of Paris and the Banlieue, of the Garde Mobile,
together with members of different administrative
bodies, the medical officers of the army, and
also the Judges of the Courts of Cassation, of
Appeal, . of the Tribunal of the , and