The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-14 00:00:00

ARRIVAL

THE CALEDONIA.

EXPRESS FROM LIVERPOOL.

(FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)

LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY MORNING, Six o'CLocK.
The British and North American Royal Mail steam-
ship, Captain Lott, arrived here last eight, about half.
past eleven o'clock. She sailed from Boston on the 1,4
inst., and Halifax on the 3d, making the passage, in-
cluding her call and stay at Halifax, in about twelve
days and a half. The Caledonia had 102 passengers
and the semi-monthly mails from Canada and the Utited
States. The Britannia arrived at Halifax on the 2,1 inst.
By this arrival we have received New York papers
of the 30th ult., being five days later than those brought
over by the Great Western. We have also received
New Orleans, Charleston, Philadelphia, Washington,
and Thaton papers to the latest dates, as well as files
from several parts of Canada, and other ports of the
British American provinces. The news in the United
States papers, although it cannot be styled important,
is on the whole of an interesting character, having spe-
cial reference to the " American tariff," the Mexican
war, affairs in Mexico, business prospects, &c.
With regard to the tariff, we are informed by the
papers just come to hand that the debate thereon was to
be ended on the 2d inst. It seems that the fate of that
measure is universally anticipated, as the public has
made up its mind to reduce the tariff. In the
event of the House ace •ding to the free-
trade " views of Mr. Secretary Walker, it is
expected that Mr. Webster will propose a compromise
in the Senate, and that his
plan will finally pass both
Houses of Congress without any serious or determined
opposition.

There is not any news of a definite character from the
seat of War. Advices have been received from Matarnoras
up to the 12th ult. In our summary of the news by the
Great Western, we mentioned that General Taylor was on
his way to Reinoso, in New Leon. The advises come to
hand by the Caledonia inform us that the inhabitants
of that town had surrendered without resistance, and
that the authorities of Camargo had sent a deputation to
General Taylor, offering him full possession of that place.
The facts have been blazoned forth in all the New York
papers with an air of importance quite beyond
their merits. To talk and write of such
" brilliant achievements" as have been performed
by the " army of occupation" is too bad.
Paredes was collecting his forces at a mountain
pass near Monterey, where, if anywhere, he will
interrupt the march of the United States army. The
western expedition into New Mexico was expected to
take up its march from the Missouri between the 15th
and 20th of June. Some of the leading New York
journals appear tired of the war, and would
gladly have it ended. The United States Go-
vernment are ready to receive any overtures
that may be made by Mexico for arranging their dif-
ferences by other means, instead of murderous swords
and bayonets, and the,destructive volleys of great and
small guns; notwithstanding the Aaserican Govern-
ment are active and energetic in their prepiArations for
prosecuting the war, should it be necesiary to do
,o. Arms and ammunition, with a number of artille-
rymen, had been dispatched to the Pacific, and
would be stationed either at Monterey or the Bay of
San Francisco. It was reported both ut Washington
and New York, previous to the sailing of the Caledonia,
that Mr. M'l)uffie, the newly-appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs, was preparing the basis
of an arrangement for the adjustment of the difficulties
with Mexico, and it was confidently expected that he
would submit his plan to the President and the Senate
before July 4.
The news from Mexico extend to the commencement
of June. It was thought Paredes would have 16,000 men
in the field against the forces of General Taylor. He
was to take the command in person. General Mejja has.
superseded Arista. General Alvarez has possession of
the city of Acapulco, on the Pacific, where he has raised
the standard of "Federation," within 300 miles of the
capital. Yucutan has formally declared its independ-
ence under President Barbachano. Tampico has de-
dlared in favour of the federative principle hut is
divided on • the question of the Presidency, General
Anastasio Parrodi being in favour of Santa Anna. The

northern departinerlts of Tarnaulip.is, Chihuahua, and
Zacetecas, and we believe New Leon, Coahuila, San
Louis Potosi, New Mexico, Santa Fe, Sonora arid Cali-
fornia, or the whole of Mexico above the 24th parallel of
north latitude, propose to organize a separate re-
public, under the protection of the American army
preparatory to annexation to the United States
Yucutan also desires to come into the confederacy
of sovereign and independent States. The most ex-
traordinary enthusiasm seems to prevail among a large
part of the Mexican people, the Yucatecos particularly,
in favour of annexation. It is remarkable that people,
who have had so little intercourse with the Northern
Republic,—who have been, as it were, shut out from the
-Americans, should thus voluntarily seek admission to
the great confederacy. It is an act of homage
to the federative principle of Government, which
ought to make a lasting impression upon all
civilised nations. Nor is it less remarkable
than the views lately broached in the British Parliament
by Lord Bentinek, who proposed to amend the British
. .

constitution, by incorporating the colonies as integral
portions of the empire, or as states having their own
dotn«.stic legislatures, establishing a fuderative monarchy
to which neighbouring cornar:mwealths and nations
would naturally annex themselves. Thus the sui:'eriur
races on die Eastern Iletniipht,re ai!tl their ,leicendants
on the Western might become the conservators of peace
and good government throughout the world.