The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-31 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNENG, DECEMBER 31, 1846.

burdens among all classes and occupations. The
favoured classes who, under the unequal and
unjust system which has been repealed, have hereto-
fore realised large profits, and many of them amassed
large fortunes, at the expense of the many who have
been made tributary to them, will have no reason to
complain if they shall be required to bear their just
proportion of the taxes necessary for the support of
government. So far from it, it will be perceived, by an
examination of the existing law, that discriminations in
the rates of duty imposed, within the revenue principle,
have been retained in their favour. The incidental aid
against foreign competition, which they still enjoy, gives
them an advantage which no other pursuits possess; but
of this none others will complain, because the duties
levied are necessary for revenue. These revenue duties,
including freights and charges, which the importer must
pay before he can come in competition with the home
manufacturer in our markets, amount, on nearly all our
leading branches of manufacture, to more than one-
third of the value of the imported article, and in some
cases to almost one-half its value. With such advantages,
it is not doubted that our domestic manufacturers
will continue to prosper, realising in well-conducted
establishments even greater profits than can be de-
rived from any other regular business. Indeed, so far
from requiring the protection of even incidental revenue
duties, our manufactures in several leading branches
are extending their business, giving evidence of great
ingenuity and skill, and of their ability to compete,
with increased prospect of success, for the open market
of the world. Domestic manufacturers, to the value of
several millions of dollars, which cannot find a market at
home, are annually exported to foreign countries. With
such rates of duty as those established by the existing
law, the system will probably be permanent ; and capi-
talists who have made, or shall hereafter make, their in-
vestments in manufactures, will know upon whet to
rely. 'The country will be satisfied with these rates, be-
cause the advantages which the manufacturers still en-
joy result necessarily from the collection of revenue for
the support of Government. High protective duties,
from their unjust operation upon the masses of the
people, cannot fail to give rise to extensive dissatis-
faction and complaint, and to constant efforts to change
or repeal them, rendering all investments in manufac-
tures uncertain and precarious. Lower and more per-
manent rates of duty, at the same time that they will
yield to the manufacturer fair and remunerating profits,
will secure him against the danger of frequent changes
in the system, which cannot fail to ruinously affect his
interests.
Simultaneously with the relaxation of the restrictive
policy by the United States, Great Britain, from whose
example we derive the system, has relaxed hers. She
' has modified her corn-laws, and reduced many other
duties to moderate revenue rates. After ages of expe-
rience, the statesmen of that country have been con-
strained by a stern necessity, and by a public epinion having
its deep foundation in the sufferings and wants of LI.
poverished millions, to abandon a system the effect of
which was to build up immense fortunes in the hands of
the few, and to reduce the labouring millions to pauperism
and misery. Nearly in the same ratio that labour was
depressed, capital increased and concentrated by the
British protective policy.
The evils of the system in Great Britain were at length
rendered intolerable, and it has been abandoned, but not
without a severe struggle on the part of the protected
and favoured classes to retain the unjust advantages
which they have so long enjoyed. It was to be expected
that a similar struggle would be made by the same
classes in the United States, whenever an attempt was
made to modify or abolish the same unjust system here.
The protective policy had been in operation in the
United States for a much shorter period, and its perni-
cious effects were not therefore so clearly perceived and
felt. Enough, however, was known of these effects to
induce its repeal.
It would be strange if, in the face of the example of.
Great Britain, our principal foreign consumer, and of
the evils of a system rendered manifest in that country
by lung and painful experience, and in the face of the:
immense advantages which, under a more liberal com-
mercial policy, we are already deriving, and must con-
tinue to derive, by supplying her starving population
with food, the United States should restore a policy
which she has been compelled to abandon, and thus.
diminish her ability to purchase from us the food and
other articles which she so much seeds, and we se much
desire to sell. By the simultaneous abandonment of the
protective policy by Great Britain and the United States,
new and important markets have already been opened
for our agricultural and other products; commerce and
navigation have received a new impulse; labour and trade
have been released from the artificial trammels which
have so long fettered them; and to a great extent reci-
procity, in the exchange of commodities, has been intro-
duced at the same time by both countries, and greatly
for the benefit of both. Great Britain has been forced,
by the pressure of circumstances at home, to abandon
a policy which has been upheld for ages, and to open her
markets for our immense surplus of bread stuffs; and it
is confidently believed that other Powers of Europe_will
ultimately see the wisdom, if they be not compelled by
the pauperism and sufferings of their crowded popula•
Lion, to pursue a similar policy.
Our farmers are more deeply interested in maintain-
ing the just and liberal policy of the existing law than
any other class of our citizsens. They constitute a large
majority of our population; and it is well known that
whea they prosper all other pursuits prosper also. They
have heretofore not only received none of the bounties
or favours of Goverument, but by the unequal operations
of the protective policy, have been made by the burdens
Of taxation, which it imposed, to contribute to the boun-
ties which have enriched others.
When a foreign as well as a home market is opened to
them they must receive, as they aro now recei'ing, in-
c: eased prices for their produce. They will find a
reedit r sale, and at better prices for their wheat, fl )ur,
rice, Indian corn, beef, p rk, lard, butter, cheese, and
other xr:ieles which they produce.
The home market alone is inadequate to enable them
to dispose of the immense surplus of food and other
articles which they are capable of producing, even at
the most reduced prices, for the manifest reason that
they cannot be consumed in the country. The United
States can, from their immense surplus, supply net only
the home demand, but the deficiencies of food required
by the whole werld.
That the reduced production of some of the chief
articles of food in Great Britain and other parts of
Europe may have contributed to increase the demand for
our bread stuffs and provisions, is hot doubted ; but
that the great and effic ent cause of this increased de-
mand, and of increased prices, consists in the removal of
artifice' restrictions heretofore imposed, is deemed to be
equally certain. That our exports of food already in-
creased and increasing beyond former example, under
the more liberal percy which has been adopted, will be
still vastly cola- ged, unless they be checked or prevented
by a restoration of the protective policy, cannot he
doubted. That our commercial and navigating interests
will be enlarged in a corresponding ratio with the in-
crease of our trade is equally certain ; while our m
znu-
factoring interests will still be the favoured interests of
the country, and receive the incidental protection
afforded them by revenue duties, and more than this
they cannot justly demand.
In my annual message of December last, a tariff of re
venue duties, based upon the principles of the existing
law, was rec mmended, and I have seen no reason to
change the opinions then expressed. In view of the pro-
bablebeneficial effec ts of that law, I recommend that the po-
licy established by it be maintained. It has but just com-
menced to operate, and to abandon or modify it without
giving it a fair trial would be inexpedient and unwise.
Should defects in any of its details be ascertained by
actual experience to exist, these may be hereafter cor-
rected ; but until such defects shall become mattifeet,
the Act should be fairly tested.
It is submitted fur your consideration whether it may
not be proper, as a war measure, to impose revenue
duties on some of the articl, s now embraced in the free
list. Should it be deemed proper to impose such duties,
with a view to raise revenue to meet the expenses of the
war with Mexico, or to avoid to that extent the creation
of a public debt, they may be repealed when the
emergency which gave rise to them shall cease to exist,
and constitute no part of the permanent policy of the
country.
The Act of the 6th of August last "to provide for
the better organisation of the Treasury, and for the col-
lection, safe keeping, transfer, and disbursement of the
public revenue," has been carried into execution as
rapidly as the delay necessarily arising out of the ap-
pointment of new officers, taking and approving their
bonds, and preparing and securing proper places for the
safe keeping of the public money, would permit. It
is not proposed to depart in any respect from the princi-
ples of policy on which this great measure is founded.
There are, however, defects in the details of the measure,
developed by its practical operation, which are fully set
forth in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, to
which the attention of Congress is invited. These defects
would impair, to some extent, the successful operation
of the law at all times, but are especially embarrassing
when the country is engaged in a war, when the expen.
ditures are greatly increased, when loans are to be
effected, and the disbursements are tee be made at points
many hundred miles distant, in some cases, from any
depository, and a large portion of them in a foreign
tchoeunstecryr.
eta Try of the Treasuryheaiifivationssaurgegreeesteona
duinenthdcd eretpoo3r.ot
our
favourable consideration.

-------
• In connexion with this subject, I invite your attention
to the importance of establishing a branch of the mint of
the United States at New York. Two-thirds of the re• venue derived from customs being colleeted at that part,
the demand for specie to pay the duties will be large;
and a branch mint, where foreign coin and bullion could
be immediately converted into American coin, would.
greatly facilitate the transaction of the public business,
enlarge the circulation of gold and silver, and be, at the
same time, a safe depository of the public money.
The importance of graduating and reducing the price
of such of the public lands as have been long offered in
the market, at the minimum rate authorised by existing
laws, and remain unsolrl, induces me again to recom-
mend the subject tv your favourable consideration.
Many millions of aer s of these lands have been offered
in the market for more than thirty years, and lar er
quantities for more than tea or twenty years; and, bring
of an inferior qualit3 , they must remain unsaleable for an
indefinite period, unless the price at which they may be
purchased shell be reduced. To place a price upon them
above their real value is not only to prevent their sale,
and thereby deprive the Treasury of any ineoine from
that source, but is unjust to the states in which they lie,
because it retards their growth and increase of popula-
tion, and because they have no power to levy a tax upon
them as upon other lands wabin their limits, held by
other proprietors than the United States, fur the support
of their local Governments.
The beneficial effects of the graduation principle have
been realised by some of the states owning the lands within
their limits, in which it has been adopted. They have
been demonstrated also by the United States acting as the
trustee of the Chickasaw tribe of Indians in the sale of
their lands lying within the states of Mississippi and Ala-

I barna. The Chickasaw lands, which would not command
in the market the minimum price established by the
laws of the United States fur the sale ot their lands,
were, in pursuance of the treaty of 1534 with that
tribe, subsequently offered for sale at graduated and re-
reduced rates for limited periods. The result was, that
large quantities of these lands were purchased which
would otherwise have remained unsold. The lands were
disposed of at their real value, and many persons ot
limited means were enabled to purchase small tracts,
upon which they have settled with their families. That
similar results would be produced by the adoption of the
gzaduation policy by the United States, in all the states
in which they are the owners of large tracts of lands which
have been long in the market, cannot be doubted. It
cannot be a sound policy to withhold large quan-
tities of the public lands from the use and occupation
of our citizens, by fixing upon them prices which
experience has shown they will not command. On the
contrary, it is a wise policy to afford facilities to our ci-
tizens to become the owners, at low and moderate rates,
of freeholds of their own, instead of being the tenants
and dependents of others. If it be apprehended that
these lands, if reduced in price, would be secured in large
quantities by speculators or capitalists, the sales may be
restricted, in limited quantities, to actual settlersz,or issr •
sons purchasing for purposes ot cultivation.
In my last annual Message I submitted for the consi-
deration of Congress the present system of managing
the mineral lands of the United States, and restom-
mended that they should be brought into market and
sold, upon such terms and under such restrictions as
Congress might prescribe. By the Act of the 11th of
July last, " the reserved lead nines and contiguous
lands in the states of Illinois and Arkansas, and tei ri-
tories of Wisconsin and lowa," were authorised to he
sold. The Act is confined, in its operation, to " lead
mines and contiguous lands."
A large portion of the public lands, containing copper
and other ores, is represented to be very valuable, and I
recommend that provision be made authorising the sale
of these lands, upon such terms and conditions as their
supposed value may, in the judgment of Congress, be
deemed advisable, having due regard to the interests of
such of our citizens as may be located upon them.
It will be important, during your present session, to
establish a territorial government, and to extend the
jurisdiction and laws of the United States over the terri-
tory of Oregon. Our laws regulating trade and inter-
course with the Indian tribe east of the Rocky Mountains
should be extended to the Pacific Ocean ; and for the
purpose of executing them, and preserving friendly re-
lations with the Indian tribes within our limits, an addi-
tional number of Indian agencies will be required, and
should be authorised by law. The establishment of custom-
houses, and of post-offices and post-roads, and provision
for the transportation of the mail on such routes as the
public convenience will suggest, require legisla-
tive authority. It will be proper, also, to establish
a surveyor-general's office in that territory, mud !o m 'he
the necessary provision for surveying the public lands
and bringing them into market. As our citizens who
now reside in that distant region have been subjected to
many hardships. privations, and sacrifices, in their emi-
gration, and by their improvements have enhatiA,..ed the
value of the public lands in the neighbourhood of their
settlements, it is recommended that liberal grants be
made to them of such portions of these lands as they
may occupy, and that similar grants or rights of pre•
emption be made to all who may emigrate thither within
a limited period, to be prescribed b) law.
The report of the Secretary of War contains detailed
information relative to the several branches of the public
service connected with that department. The operations
of the army have been of a satisfactory and highly grati-
fying character.
I recommend to your early and favourable considera..
tion the measures, as proposed by the Secretary of War,
for speedily Riling up the rank and file of the regular
army, for its greater efficiency in the field, and for
raising an additional force to serve during the war wi-h
Mexico.

Embarrassment is likely to arise from want of legal
provision authorising compensation to be made to the
agents employed in the several states and territories to
pay the revolutionary and other pensioners the amounts
allowed them by law. Your attention is invited to the
recommendations of the Secretary of War cn this sub-
ject. These agents incur heavy responsibilities and per
form important duties, and no reason exists why they
should not be placed on the same footing, as to compen-
sation, with other disbursing officers.
Our relations with the various Indian tribes continue
to be of a pacific character. The unhappy dissensions
which have existed among the Cherokees for many years
past have been healed. Since my last annual Message,
important treaties have been negotiated with some of the
tribes, by which the Indian title to large tract. of vale
able land within the limits of the states and territories
has been extingui:hed, and arrangements made for re-
moving them to the country west of the Mississippi.
Between three and four thousand of different tribes have'
been removed to the country provided for them by treaty
stipulations, and arrangements have teen made for others
to follow.

In our intercourse with the several tribes particular
attention has been given to the important subject of
education. The number of schools established among
them has been increased, and additional means provided,
not only for teaching them the rudiments of education,
but of instructing them in agthulture and the mecha-
nic arts.

I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the Navy
for a satisfactory view of the operations of the depart-
ment under his charge during the past !ear. It is gra-
tifying to perceive that while the war with Mexico has
rendered it necessary to employ an unusual numher of
our armed vessels on her coasts, the protection duv, to
our commerce in other quarters of the world has not
proved insufficient. No means will be spared to give
efficiency to the naval service in the prosecution of the
war ; and I am happy to know that the officers arid men
anxiously desire to devote themselves to the s.rvice of
their country in any enterprise, however difficult of exe-
cution.

I recommend to your favourable consideration the
proposition to add to each of our foreign squadrons an
efficient sea steamer, and, as especially demanding atten-
tion, the establishment at Pensacola of the nece-sary
means of repairing and refitting the vessels of the navy
employed in the Gulf uf Ms•xieo.
There are other suggestions in the report which de-
serve, and, I doubt not, will receive your consideration.
The progress and condition of the msil service for the
past year are fully presented in the report of the
Postmaster-General. The revenue fur the year ending
on the 30th of June last amounted to three million
four hundred and eighty-seven thousand ene hundred
and ninety-nine dollars, which is eight hundred
and two thousand six hundred and forty-two dol-
lars and forty .five cents less than that of the pre-
ceding year. The payments for the department
during the same time amounted to four mil ion eighty-
four thousand twe hundred and ninety-seven dollars
and twenty-two cents. Of this sum five hundred and
ninety-seven thousand and ninety-seven dollars and
eighty cents have been drawn from the treasury. The
disbursements for the year were two hundred and thirty
six thousand four hundred and thirty-four dollars and
seventy-seven cents less than those of the precedine
year. While the disbursements have been thus di-
minished, the mail facilities have been enlarged by new
mail routes of five thousand seven hundred arid thirty-
nine miles ; an increase of transportation of one million
seven hundred and sixty-four thousand one 'meths d and
forty-five miles, and the establishment of 418 new post-
offices. Contractors, postmasters, and others engaged
in this branch of this service, have performed
their duties with energy and faithfulness de-
serving commendation. For many interesting details
connected with the operations of this establishment,
you are referred to the report of the Postmaster Ge-
neral; and his suggestions for improving its revenues
are recommended to your favourable consideration. I
repeat the opinion expressed in my last annual mes-
sage, that the business of this department should be
so regulated that the revenues derived from it should
be made equal to the expenditures; and it is believed
that this may be done by proper modifications of the
present laws as suggested in the report of the Post-
master-General, without changing the present rates of
postage.

With full reliance upon the wisdom and patriotism
of your deliberations, it will be my duty, as it alll be
my anxious desire, to co-operate with you in every
constitutional effort to promote the welfare and main
tain the honour of our common country.
Washington, Dec 8, 1846. JAMES K. POLK.

TUESDAY
WINDSOR, EYENING.—It has been stated
that the enlargement of the tower (at the hack of the
Wardrobe-tower), intended as a dwelling-house and
offices for Mr. Turnbull, the Clerk of the Works, has
been suspended, in consequence of the Wardrobe-tower
having bet n assigned as the residence of Colonel Phipp-,
tie Prince Consort's new private secretary. This was
an error. The simple fact is that the Clerk of the
Work 4, Mr. Turnbull, quits the Wardrobe tower to make.
room for Colonel Phippx ; and the new building in .the
mar, intended as the permanent residence of Mr. Turn-
bull, will go on to its completion.
DARING HIGHWAY ROBBERY.—On Tuesday even-
ing last, as Mr. Fauchon, of Wrotham, was returing
from Maidstone market, when he had proceeded about
two miles on the London road he was suddenly as-
sailed by five men, who stopped his cart, and with
great imprecations demanded his money. They drew
the cart to the side of the road, struck Mr. Fauchon
on the back of his head, dragged him out of the cart,
and succeeded in robbing him of a cheque for 34/, one
sovereign, arid a silver watch. lie immediati ly re-
turned to Maidstone and gave information to the po-
lice, but the ruffians have Lot yet been appretitn led.
Mr. Fauchon':; purse and a fire-office receipt have been
since found in the wood near the spot.—Maidstone Ga-
zette.

REFUSAL TO BURY A SUICIDE.—On Tuesday, up•-
p•lsatien was made to sir. Baker, the Coroner, for his
interference in a case where a clergyursit refined to
perform the funeral service over the body of a girl,
it was supposed, had drowned herself in the L,frndon
Docks. The clergyman complained of is the lt,v,
Bryan King, of St. George's-in-the-East. The Coroner
said, his power ended when the fury were discharged,
and he could not interfere in the matter. It appeared
that the rofusal to read the funeral service was not [nide
known till the body was taken to the burial ground, and
that one of the relatives afterwards read some prayers
over the grave, and the corpse was hurled.
THE IRON TRADE.—OIIt Birmingham Correspond-
ent
says—" It is now understood, in well-intOrmed
quar:ecs, that nt the forthcoming quarterly meeting of
ironmasters no advance on pre,ent prices will be pro-
posed. The demand for rails and chairs is such as would
justify an advance, but as that would be immediately
followed by a strike among the miners, if their wages
were not materially increased, and as it would have the
effect of crushing many of the small manufacturers,
whose profits are already reduced to the lowest point by
the high cost of the raw material, it is deemed most ad-
visable
to let things remain as they are. Coals have ►
again advanced a shilling a ton."

REPORT OF THE HIGHLAND AND
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY ON THE DRAIN-
, AGE ACT.
The following is a copy of the repel by the directors
of the Highland and Agricultural Society, on the Act
9th and 10th Victoria, cap. 101, called the Drainage Act.
The directors, it will be seen, are decided in their appro-
bation of this measure :
"As this Act is a measure directly bearing on the
interests of all the agricultural cheeses in the United
Kingdom, from the proprietor to the labourer ; and as it
is believed that the nature of its priivisions, as well as
the interpretation which it will probably receive from
the Commissioners, are as yet but imperfectly known,
the directors of the Highland and Agricultural Society
have considered it to be their duty to give the measure
their best consideration, se as to enable them to express
to the society an opinion in regard to the advantages
which it offers.
" The directors would premise by stating, that were
this measure at present before the Legiature, and
therefore open to discussion as a subject of future, po-
licy, they would hold themselves precluded by the rules
of the society from entertaining it ; but seeing that it is
now the law of the land, having ter its declared object
tt_e promotion of agriculture, they consider that it legiti-
mately fails within the scope of their duty to point out
the nature and extent of its advantages, to explain the
• manner in which they can be most readily realised, and
spectfully to offer for the consideration of Government
any suggestion; the adoption of which might give to
these advantages additional effect.
" The object of the Act, as set forth in the preamble,
are the increase of the productiveness and value of land
by drainage, the employment of agricultural labour,
and the improvement of the general healzh of the com-
munity.
" To effect these most useful and important purposes,
the Act authorises the issue by the Treasury, from the
Consolidated Fund, of two millions for Great Britain,
and one million for Ireland. The Inclosure Commis-
sioners for England and Wales are nominated the Com-
missioners for carrying the Act into execution in Great
Britain, and all applications from Scotland, for advances
under the Act, must be addressed to them. The appli-
cations are advertised in the Gazette, and in a local news-
paper ; two months are allowed to elapse, and if in that
interval any objection is stated by heritable creditors or
substitute heirs of entail, the applicant must obtain the
authority of the Court of Session, which will be a suffi-
warrant to the Commissioners to entertain the appli-
cation.
" When no objection is stated the Commissioners at
once direct an inspection of the land :proposed to be
drained, to be made by an assistant commissioner or
surveyor ; and if they are satisfied with his report, they
issue to the applicant a provisional certificate, declaring
that a loan shall be issued when the proposed works
have been executed according to the plan and specifica-
tions lodged.
" The Commissioners may order occasional inspec-
tions during the progress of the works. On the certi-
ficate of the commissioner or surveyor that the works
have been completed, and that the amount specified in
the provisional certificate has been expended, a warrant
will be issued by the Treasury for payment. The loan
bears interest at 61 per cent. for the period of twenty-
two years, the payment of which extinguishes the debt.
" As diferent portions of the work are completed, an
advance, to the extent of two-thirds of the value of the
drainage executed, may be made to account of the sum
in the provisional certificate ; but if the different farms
or townships to be drained shall have been separately
specified in the schedule of application, then the whole
of the expense of any specified operation actually com-
pleted will be paid.
"The first question which naturally suggests itself to
a party desirous to avail himself of the provisions of such
a measure, is—how far it will prove financially advan-
tageous ? The directors have no hesitation in express-
ing their opinion, that the terms on which advances are
offered are favourable to the borrower. These are, that
for twenty-two years the party obtaining the advance
shall pay 6lt per cent. thereon. And if 4 per cent. be
taken as the ordinary rate at which he can borrow in
the market, which is the least that he would pay at pre-
sent, it is believed that calculation win show him to be a
gainer ; for, at the end of the period of twenty-two years,
the whole sum borrowed will not have been repaid by
him. It is not, however, in this point of view only that
the pecuniary benefit is to be considered ; for there is
the manifest advantage of accumulation, and consequent
extinction of debt within a limited period, and this in a
manner which country gentlemen cannot, under ordi-
nary circumstances, command, while they are not ex-
posed to the unavoidable expense attending the occa-
sional transfer of securities and termly payment of
interest.
"It may be objected that the landowner must, in the
first place, make the entire advance; but this unavoid-
able difficulty may possibly be obviated by lodging the
provisional certificate at a bank, as a security for an in-
terim advance.
" The next question which presents itself is—how far
these advantages are counteracted by the expense of the
machinery devised to secure them? The directors are
aware that many may be deterred from availing them-
selves of the boon offered, by the fear of involving them-
selves in a heavy expenditure in the first instance; and
they are therefore happy to have it in their power to
state that, in their opinion, such apprehensions are un-
founded.
" Not only is the procedure indicated by the act simple
and economical; but the Commissioners are disposed to
give effect to it in such a manner as to subject applicants
to the least possible expense.
" The directors are supp ,ried in this statement by the
terms of a printed letter, addressed to proprietors in the
distressed districts of the Highlands and Islands of Scot-
land, by Mr. Blamire, one of the Commissioners_ The
directors refer to that document wi:h much satisfaction;
for though it cannot be regarded as the official commu-
nication of the whole Commissioners as a board, it may
safely be read as an exposition of the views entertained
by Mr. Blamire, and of the interpretation which he
believes his colleagues are disposed to give to the Act.
The directors have no hesitation in expressing their high
opinion of the soundness and liberality of these views,
which are in consonance with the spirit of the Act.
" The only preliminary proceedings creative o expense
(assuming the non-existence of obj. ctors to the applica-
tion) are the advertisements and the inspection of the
land. The first step is an Intimation by any landowner
of his wish to avail himself of the rovisim a of the Aet,
addressed to—' The Inclosure Commissioners of England
and Wales;' on receipt Of which they forward for his
execution a simple form, specifying, when filled up, the
particulars of his application. Notice is then sent by
the Commissioners to the Gazette and local newspapers
of the application, and an inspection of the ground is
directed. The expense of this preliminary report, and
also the subsequent investigation, is borne by the appli-
cant; but Mr., Blamire states, that 'the Commissioners
are most sincerely desirous of subjecting landowners to
as small an amount Of expense for the superintendence
of the works as may be compatible pith a proper dis-
charge of their duty; and, with the view of doing so, they
are disposed to select as their assis ants parties resident
in the immediate localities of such works—assuming that
parties competent and trustworthy can there be found.'
" The directors have no doubt that competent arid
trestworly inspectors can be found in every district;
and they would suggest, with the view of diminishing the
expense of the survey, that proprietors in the same
locality and district of country who into rid to make at -
plication. should do so simultaneously, so as to allow the
Commissioners to nominate one surveyor, and enable
him to conclude the different inspections at one and the
same time.
" Mr. Blamire's letter contains the following satis-
factory announcement With the view of enabling
applicants to commence their works at once, and without
waiting for the expiration of the two months prescribed
by the 18th section, the Commissioners have decide d
that all works done after applications have been made
for advances, are works done under the provisions of the
Act, and that the cost thereof will be included in the es-
timate of the money to be advanced, assuming the
works to be done satisfactorily, and that the contem
plated drainage is not stopped by reason of objections
taken thereto by parties having charges on the lands in
question.'
"The directors believe that this announcement will
induce and enable proprietors to commence at once
certain portions of the operations embraced in their ap-
plications, and thereby to provide immediate work for
tie non-employed of able-bodied persons in the country.
But it is necessary that every proprietor who may de-
termine to take advantage of the facility thus afforded,
for giving immediate employment to the labouring
classes, should be careful o keep accurate accounts and
vouchers for the sums expeneed. While noticing the
Lecessary procedure to be observed, the directors would
further call attention to the circumstance, that in no
eta to of it are bonds exigible except for the expense of
preliminary investigation, should the Commissioners
think it necessary; and that where bonds are used they
are declared to be exempted from stamp duty.
" Proprietors ought not to be deterred from applying
for assistance, by any apprehension that they may be
trammelled in executing the drainage of. their estates by
being compelled to observe any precise rules, or to fol-
low any one system. On this point, the views expressed
in Mr. Blamire's letter are of the most distinct and satis-
factory nature With reference to the kind of drainage
to be adopted, and to the manner of effecting the same,
the Commissioners would not be disposed to object to
any plan of drainage proposed ; assuming that it was
one which the party would have adopted hid he been
expending his own money, and, assuming also, that it
was not manifestly an improper and judicious one.
The object of the landowners and of the Commis-
sioners must be identical, vire, that of effecting the
grevizest amount tif improvement' at the least cost—due !
and reasonable regard being had to the permanency of
the works.
"''the Commissioners are well aware that no one
systism of drainage is applicable to every ease ; on the ,
conti!ary, they believe that each else should be dealt
with as its peculiar circumstances atvi facilities may
, point out. On this head I will only further add, that I
ounce ice the Commissioners may fairly be expected to be '
put in possession, within a short time, of such informs.-
; Lam els to the most efficient and inexpensive methods of
draan.ing every variety of soil, in every part of Great
Bri tai, as to be capable of affording advice to those re-
ir•
Such advice and assistance they would, of course,
be, everreedy to afford, though, as I conceive, without
irc,a zing to ineis', upon its adoption.
',With reference to the drainage of cultivated lands,
I will inly remark that the depth of the drains, and their
distance' asunder, must necessarily depend upon a tho-
rough knowledge of the subs,iil, and of its retentiveness,
which L:novvliedge can only be acquired, in numerous
cases, by• actual proof of the results of comparative ex-
perimen's on the same soil ; no science or skill, as I
believe, being equal to determine the relative reteri-
tivene`,A of ditfere.ot soils, unaided by practice or expo-
rime
The adoption, top, of the material to be used for

the drains, mint and will dep'-nd upon the faciitics for
0)-)tainin‘2 ttw:h materials, and their relative prices in each
Leaky.'

" In another and important respect, the interpretation
of the Act in regard to the drainage of uncultivated lands,
the directors must again recur with satisfaction to Mr.
Blamire's letter. That gentleman states—' With refer-
ence to the drainage of uncultivated lands (of lands still
in a state of nature), it will often be found that the first
procc,s must be that of getting out of the land, to a cer-
tain depth, all s ones or portions of rock, by trenching
such lanai; more et- less perfectly; as well for the purpose
of obtaining the materials for drainage, as of rendering
the lands capable of being ploughed in the ordinary
manner.
" The second process would he that of putting in the
drains. and the third, that of fencing the lands when
drained.
r" Now, as to the first of these three processes, I can
only say (in the ahsence or my colleagues) that I am in-
dividually of opinion that such trenching is an expense
necessarily incident to the drainage of land, and there-
fore clearly within the provisions of the Act ; and that
I have no doubt but that the board will so decide.
" As to the third point, the fencing, the board have
not as yet had any discussion upon it, and it is not a
point which would appear to me to press for immediate
decision ; at the same time I may venture, I think, to
state to you, that I have every reason to hope and to ex-
pect that the Government will not withhold their sanc-
tion to this construction of the Act, such fencing bring
consequent upon the drainage of the land.
" • With reference to the drainage of moss or bog lands,
I will only state that I conceive, in many cases, the main
drains would be made to answer the purposes of fences,
and that no fencing, or but little, would be required in
such cases.
"' And lastly, it would appear to me that by the drain-
age of many of your sheep-walks, a vast improvement,
both in the temperature of the climate and in the
herbage of your pastures, might-be effected.'
" The directors agree with Mr. Blamire, that trench-
ing is a necessary accompaniment to the draining of
uncultivated lands, to be rendered arable; and they have
much satisfaction in thinking, that the provisions of the
Act are to cover the expense of such an operation,
which will be of great advantage in districts occupied
by cottagers, as enabling them to increase the extent of
their lots. The directors are not aware whether the
Commissioners may consider themselves entitled to
sanction expenditure on fencing; but it is hoped that the
measure will be so far extended, should a supplementary
Bill be brought forward.*
" The directors, while expressing their approval of
the objects of the Act, of the manner in which it is to
be executed, and of the liberal views entertained by the
Commissioners, would take the opportunity of respect-
fully making a few suggestions for their consideration.
" Mr. Blamire states, that the Commissioners make
a point of directing the attention of applicants for
advances to the propriety (when practicable) of stating
in their applications the sum required for the drainage
' of each farm or parcel of land separately, in order that,
so soon as the drainage of such farm or parcel of land
is completed, the whole amount assigned for such works
by the provisional certificate (section 17) may be paid;
otherwise, when the application refers to the drainage of
more farms than one, and the provisional certificate
assigns an aggregate sum for the drainage of these farms,
the 17th section prevents an advance on account for
works done, of more than two-thirds parts of the sum
then expended.'
" The directors would suggest, that the Board of
Commissioners should, after entertaining an application
to cover the sum necessary for the whole of the drainage
contemplated on an estate or barony, and issuing a pro- 1
visional certificate for the gross amount, thereafter
receive, in the shape of a supplement specification, the
details of the expenditure to be made on each farm or
township, in order to facilitate the payment of the full
amount so specified and expended on each separate piece
of work.

" But it would be an additional boon to landowners,
and give them increased facility in availing therssi-lves
of the benefit of the Act, if the advances on account,'
referred to in sections 17 and 28, were extended from

two-thirds to the whole of the sum covered by the pro-
visional certificate ; and the directors would strongly
urge these points for the consideration of the Commis-
sioners.

In the event of another Act, it would be desirable that
power should be given to all proprietors to cla;m the
expense of the tail or outfall, as a proper part of the
expense of drainage, and more especially that proprietors
of upper lands should have a right of outfall, through
adjoining and lower properties. The Irish Drainaire Act
contains such a provision, and the introduction of a
similar one for Scotland, under proper precautions for the
protection of the proprietor whose land is to be used,
would remove obstacles which now present themselves to
the drainage of many parts of the country.
" The directors would, in conclusion, express their
decided opinion, that the Drainage Act confers a great
boon on the landed interest generally, and more espe-
cially on proprietors holding their estates under settle-
ments of entail, who, at present, can borrow money for
such improrents only at a greater sacrifice; while by the
present measure they can, with the aid of their tenants
(who, in most cases, will readily agree to pay a large
share of the interest), raise money at the ordinary
market rate. It is also to be observed that the interpre-
tation which the Commissioners will, it is expected, put
on its provisions, as well as the manner in which they
are ready to give effect to them, materially enhance the
advantages it affords.
" The advantages are not confined to any one section
of the.agrjeultural class, but extend to the whole b.,dy;

to the landlord and to the tenant, by holding out, in the
absence of other means, a ready mode of improving their
lands; to the labourer, by providing for him work and
wages; and to the country, by increasing the productive-
ness of our nati►e soil.

" The act recognises the right of a tenant to become
a party to an application, and the tenantry of the
country, especially those holding current leases con-
taining no clauses for drainage, cannot be too strongly
impressed with the importance of availing them-
selves of the benefit of this measure, by co-operating,
when necessary, with their landlord. In many
cases the concurrence of a tenant may not be required,
but in others, from the peculiar circumstances in which
the estate may be placed, it may be unavoidable. The
advantage of such co-operation cannot be better illustra-
ted than by the following ease, the circumstanc ,s of
which are known to one of the directors, and, with a
statement of them, they will close this report:—Within
these few days a farm was let under condition that the
proprietor should expend a certain sum in cutting drains
the t. nant filling them. After the bargain was con-
cluded, the tenant proposed that the proprietor should
avail himself of the provisions of the Drainage Act, and
apply for double the sum to be so expended, on which he
offered to pay interest at the rate of four per cent. To
this proposal the proprietor at once agreed, and the
effect of it is, that the proprietor gets double the sum he
proposed expending upon the permanent improvement
of his estate. for payment merely of an annuity of 2per
cent. for twenty-two years, at the end of which the
whole sum expended is extinguished.'

* To the Highland districts in which the potato crop has
failed, this is a matter of the highest impertance. If these
districts are no longer to depend on potatoes for the chief
food of the inhabitants, the cultivation of grain must be
largely increased, and much new land brought under tillage;
for nearly three acres of oats or bear are required to produce
as much human food as one acre of potatoes. Thesa districts
are all grazing countries, and in such countries crops of any
kind cannot be raised without secure fences.

THE HERRING DUTIES.

(From the John O'Grout Journal.)

The following will exhibit at one view the present
duties on Scotch herrings, and upon other fish, presently
levied by the various continental nations. It will be
seen at once that it would be a matttr of the highest
importance to obtain an alteration in any of these
duties :

Ruts of Duty on British Herrings and Dried Fish in
Foreign Countries.
PRUSSIAN DUTY.

Per barrel of pickled herrings, one thule or thaler,
equal to about sterling. Transit duty on herrings
carried through Prussia into Russia, Poland, Austria,
&c., one-half thaler per barrel, or about Is. 6d. sterling.

LA INTYL i..I6ENCE.
COURT OF BAAKIIUPCY, Dec 30.
IN RE SMITH, BOLT, AND NEALE.

To-day was appointed i 4 the application of these
bankrupts (who were proprietors of the Iron 1 isms news-
paper), for their certificates.
Messrs. Holt and Neale attended, but Mr. Smith had
not been able to pay the fees.
Mr. Berry, a creditor, opposed the bankrupts on the
ground of extravagance whilst in a hopeless state of in-
solvency, and other grounds, tin• principal being against
Mr. Holt., for reeeiving large sums of money. and not
duly accounting for them, and also for incurring debts
on talse representations.
The answers of Mr. Holt, however, appeared so satis-
factory to the Learned Commissioner, that he said the
objections fell to the ground.
Mr. Berry said that as Mr. Holt had given the expla-
nations, he did not desire to examine Mr. Neale.

The certificates were then granted, and protection
to Mr. Holt (as he was threatened with arrest) until the
certificate had been allowed by the Court of Review.
Protection WAS extended fur Mr. Smith to come up on
a suture day.

SECONDARIES' COURT, Dec. 30.
YESEMEYER V. DUTTON.

The plaintiff in this action is a Eci:icitor in Bedford-
row, and the defendant a brewer in Dutton street,
Cromer street, Gray's Inn-lane. Th,c action was brought
to recover the sum of 61. 3s. 2.1. for law charges in
endeavouring to raise money on mortgage.
Mr. THOMAS stated the case. The facts were these:—
During the ia-t year the defendant had caused extensive
alterations to be made at his brewery, and had employed
a Mr. Styles to do a groat portion of the work, and being
unable to pay him cr to get money advanced on the pr”-
perty he reqw-sted Mr. Styles to endeavour to do so, and
the latter introduced defendant to plaintiff, and the de-
fendant gave the necessary instructions. The plaintiff
then placed himself in communication with a Mr. Whit.
taker a solicitor, and the money would hnve been ad-
vanced if on the survey of the plant, &c., it had been e,
the value described by defendant ; as it was not, the ne
gotiation was put an and to, and the plaintiff now sough
to recover his bill of costs for the services rendered.

Mr. Styles was called, and proved distinctly that he
was deputt d to act as the agent for defendant, and that he
had introduced the latter, wbo had himself given the in-
structions.

Mr. Whittaker proved that he had had several in-
terviews wi;h, and received several letters from the
plaintiff, on the subject of the mortgage, and the nego-
tiation was broken off solely in consequence of the survey
of the property not being satisfactory.
On the part of the defendant, a notice was put in,
in which the plaintiff was called upon to prove the re-
tainer. It was submitted that there ought to have been
a retainer in writing.
The Learned SECONDARY held that that was not abso-
lutely necessary, although it was a great security to
attornies.

The defendant's attorney then contended that it was
evident that the very object of Mr. Styles to raise the
money was to obtain payment of his debt, and that he
had employed the plaintiff, who in the usual course
would have deducted his costs.

Mr. THoma.s said, if it was admitted that the plaintiff
might have deducted the amount, it was clear that de-
fendant considered himself liable.

Tho Learned SECONDARY said the first question was,
had defendant retained the plaintiff ? and the next the
value of the services?

The jury gave a verdict for the amount claimed.

POLICE INTELLIGEN-CE.
CLARKENIvELL.

A respectable-looking middle aged man, who stated
himself to be a watch-movement manufacturer, residing
at 6, Compton-street, Clerkenwell, was charged before
Mr. Combe with having obtained, by means of fraud ;-
lent representations, a gold watch, of the value of 201.
Mr. Thomas Frederick Cooper said he was a watch-
maker, carrying on business in Calihorite-street, Clatken
well, and had known the prisoner for some time. The
prisoner came to him about a month ago, and told him
that he knew a gentleman named Webb who was en-
gaged in the erection of Nicholson's distillery, and re-
quested the witness to let him have a gold watch to
show to Mr. Webb, as he thought he should be enabled
to sell it to him. The whiles let him have the watch,
telling him, at the same time, that he was on no account
to part with it without being paid the full price for it.
Witress had since called several times at the prisoner's
house to make inquiries, but the only answer he could
get from the prisoner's family was, that Mr. Webb was
out of town, and they were not aware when he would
return. He endeavoured to find out Mr. Webb, but al
though he had reascn to believe there was such a person,
still he (Mr. Cooper) could obtain no information re•
specting him. He went to the prisoner's residence this
morning, when, being told that necessity had compelled
the family to raise a little money upon the watch, he
gave him into custody.
A pawnbroker produced the watch, which was iden-
tified by Mr. Cooper, and stated that it had been pledged
by a woman whom he believed to be the prisoner's wife.
The prisoner said his representation about Mr. Webb
buying a watch was toniifide. He denied having pawned
the watch himself, and said it• was done by his wife
without his cognizance.
Mr. COOMBE ordered the case to be remanded, in order

:hat the prisoner's wife might be in attendance.

A watchmaker, named Hickman, who had committed
a ♦iol,nt and unprovoked assault upon Mr. James Mown-
lag, of the Duke of Bridgewater Tavern, Macclesfield-
street, whose house he had entered in a etate of intoxi-
cation, was ordered to find sureties to keep the peace.
14" ORS 1-11 P-STRE ET.

Yesterday morning Corporal Stephens, in the service of
the East India Company, and belontivig to the Walley
Barrack, Brentwood, applied to the sitting msgistratr,
Mr.Brot4hton, as follows :—lle said, that on the 11th of
November his wifa left London by the Eastern Counties
Railway, for the purpose of joining him at the Walley
Barracks. She had with her, previous to her departure,
an infant, and a bundle 'slued at about 51. The latter
she laid by her side, at the station whilst paying her
fare, but before that was completed, her parcel was
taken away by one of the company's servants, and placed,
as she was given to understand, for better security,
in one of the luggage trttolc3. On arriving
at her destination, however, to her chagrin
and great loss; the parcel was altogether gone, ansl could
nowhere be found. Applicant had applied to the com-
pany respecting the loss himself and wife had sustained,
but the only answer he could obtain was, " that they had
made every inquiry touching the missing parcel, but had
lot been enabled, as yet, to gain any clue to it ; it was
no doubt taken away by some dishonest passenger, and
if so, it was a circumstance over which the company had
no control."

Air. BROUGHTON desired Fitzgerald, an active and in
telligent officer of the Court, to accompany the appli-
cant, and make the necessary inquiries respecting the
alleged loss or robbery.
SOUTHWARK.

William Spiers a stout young lad, was charged with
creating a distuibnice iu the gallery of the Victoria
Theatre.

Murray, the constable of the theatre, stated that
when the performance concluled en the preceding night
the defendant, with about, t.•enty others in the gallery,
commenced hooting aid making a noise. He (the con-
stable) went up end told the disturbers that the house
would be in darkness, as the servants were extin

guishing the lights. The defendant, however, who was
prominent in the affair, refused to quit, saying he should
have a smoke before he left the gallery, and he was pro-
ceeding to carry out his purpose when he was ejected,
in accomplishing which much difficulty was experienced,
arid his aub'equent conduct was of such a violent nature
that it was found necessary to take him to the station-
house.
The defendant, who was crying all the time he stood
at the bar, was fined 55., the magistrate remarking that
his being locked up all night was a sufficieutpunishment„

MA RiiET E WS.--(YESTERDAY.)

CORMT-EXCECANCE.
We have again to report the arrival of a very moderate
supply of English Wheat, fresh up to owe market since Mon-
day, hence the show of samples to-day was small. Selected
qualities of both red at d white were held at a further im-
provement of fully Is per quarter; but the demand was
by no means so active as on Monday. There was a limited
quantity of free Fork ign Wheat on offer, while a steady busi-
ness was transacted in it at extreme rates. Bonded Corn
was in good request, and higher pri,es were generally de-
manded by the importers. The demand for Ireland still con-
tinues. Malting Barley wa, in good request, and the• turn
higher, while grinding and distilling sorts readily supported
previous currencies. Malt moved off steadily at full prices.
:he supply of Oats being small, the demand was steady, 10
the late advance.

Irish . .....
Foreign

Wheat.
2?G•i qr 4.

4.040
Malt, 5,510 qrs.
WHITECIIAPEL.
The snpplies of each kind or Meat on sale being small.
there was an evident improvement in the trade, and prices
in some instances,
an upward tendency :—Beef, from
2s 10d to 3s 10d; Mutton, 3s to 4s 8d ; Veal, 33 10d to
4s Sd; and Pork, 3s 8d to 4s 10d per BIDs., by the carcase.

ARRIVALS.
IBarley.
3,810 qrs.

Oats i Flour.
1,330 qrs. I 2,320 ski.
2,700 I --
5,370 --

1.260

W()JoiS by ROLIEnT ('UL VER,WELL. 31.1). 11"*"''
One shillti,K each. neat (lute and Psixpeuva

ON SINGLE and MARRIED LIFi
(An Original Medical History.'
:
Analysis of the Affections—Early CONTENTSConventional Restralnt—M Is
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maternal influenee—Phe.:oinena of Gestation—On Infelicitonsiens
Infertile Unions—lncongruous AllianCes—Late Marriages-' Lot
Matches—Curiosities of Twenty-three Years' Medical EaPer'''
Ise. &c. 2.
Oa CHASTITY and its INFRINGEMENTS
(An Essay for 1846.)
"Of human ills and frailties I discoarse.
Those taught by nature, and by art acquir'd.
Of griefs conceal'd, and disappointments keen.
Which young and gentle, the matured and ssge.
The lonely and the mated—all sustain.
In kindly spirit, herein counsel's givlt,
How health, how hope, how happiness ~ fiain"
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WHAT to EAT, DRINK, and AVOID
With Diet Tables for all Complaints.
• Contents :—How to ensure perfect digestion, tranquil feelfirg
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" How we should live—what eat, what drink, what chair.
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nature, c f human disappointments and their ways Of rCliel'„hisients
contended that every rmader shall become his or her own r at we
any more than their own lawye., :-;:t it is insisted upon the law.
should know the simple principles of our own organization.
whereby our existence and the issue thereof in their several:gZ;
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consistent with degenerate health, the mind as well In he bodY
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be exalted to the summit of perfection, as best beColn•-
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in Postage
2e. GA. Jr post paid, to any address, for 3e. 6d.
direct from the Author's residence. tile
SELF• PRESERVATION' A Medical Tres
1,.....7 on the Secret Infliailties and Disorders of Youth and Metter/
envelope.s rip:
Illits.rated with Twenty-tave Coloured Plates on the Anatorai
Physiology. and Disease, of the Urinary and Reproductive Oran!.
explaining their various structures, uses, and functions, and showing
the injuries that are produced in them, by solitary habits, and *the
excesses. With Practical Observations on the Treatment et Nerves
Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and ether diseases,
the Urethra.

By SAMUEL T.A'MERT, JA .3 LTING SURGEON,
9, isedford-street, Bedford-square, London;
Matriculated Member of the University et Edinburgh, !Lenora?,
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate
Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c.

CHAPTER 1. On tclriT'hEiarloTssoOpFhyTenfE3Tizararianvlser*
,
and Obligations, and on Infelicitous and Unproductive Uniens.-'"
with its Tlllllll.OOl
CHAPTER 2. On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Generative
Organs, their functions, structures, and secretions, proving that great
Mental and Physical Power are dependant upon their healthy actien
—CHAPTER 3. On Solitary Habits; their various effects en the
Animal Ecenei"Y • the concealed cause of Debility of the functions
of the Stomach, i•ungs. and Brain, and general weakness of the
Mental Faculties. CHAPTER 4. On the Secret Disorders of youth
and Maturity, and the Treatment of Nervous and Local Weakneees
Mental Debility, and Premature DeCay.—CHAPTZES 6 and 6. Os
the Disorder arising from Indlscnminste Excess, Grouxonxes
Gieet, Strictures, and other Diseases of the Urethra.
--- _.

ILEVIEWII or TAIL WO" legally CIAII-
- The author of this singular and talented work -5 a of
tied medical man, who has evidently had considerable experiences[
the trr ument of the various disorders arising frEll t,13„1,,„1
bi lgo *l7
frailties of early Indiscretion. The engravings are an snail
ditlon, by demonstrating the consequences of excesses, wi-pansal
act as a salutary warning to youthandmaturity, and kr aP"
..dnajt t
many questions may be satisfactorily replied ter that -
peal, evert the most confidentia l fried."—Ern: den; SIS.„
Published by the Author, and may be had bta rejl
nd CO.,C
from Kent and Richards, 52, Paternoster-row;~naprdon,l46,
Oxford-street Marie, Tichbonae-street LlysTPool
Lea,ienhall-street, London; Newton, 16, ChurCil'iS''—'
and by ail Booksellers.
„_ And
At Home for Consultation daily, from Nine till Tt' en tainnßl„‘_"
Five till Eight ; and all letters immediately replied to, ',,iipaTOß,'
the fee of If., for advice, &c.-9 BEDFOIW-STRIGET
BOTTA RE. LOxiwpr

, -
The Nurem4erg Correspondent states ths. Austin gaol
and
decisiono
ui g.
ti,aahnaidl:upr4o)apiteiarn Congresselyrefused. to refer the (111°- nd
.f the suppres‘ion of Cracow to the examination
ADVERTISEMENT.]—DEAFNESS Alf F
Mg %err/
VISION RELIEVED, No. 39, ALBERMARLE-STREET, pee—rood
Sent into the country free, by post.—NewlY.„,:n 100
acoustic tubes, for relief of ex' treme deafness, ••--- rver '—
inserted n the ear cannot be perceived by the nearest obsei heel'
they are entirely different from all others, and are the stn„allesinh'in
tug instruments constructed—measuring nly a quarter 01 r....-unb-
their widest part ; they may be securely adjusted in the er" re-
served. an removed therefrom with as great ease and facilhl'r most
e
sons are enabled to join in general conversation, and greatll
distinctly in a place of worship, Sec., and what should be
considered, a natural expansion of the cavity of the ear? Y., II par-
-a thickening or contraction of which is many instal', c..c"
tially the caUse of deafness—and by their use the unPle'"Aloo Da'
cation of singing noises in the ears is entirely Obviated. ay. the
proved hearing trumpets of every description. Inlet act 11610 n,
newly-invented spectacle lenses are placed before iinP.••,-,,h appeal
either by day or candlelight, that every and dullneSS "`"
11 and
before the eyes is at once removed, object beenetnpgetiss,:carolt:ere:
distinct, so that the most aged defective sight beeomes crate.
brilliant, and is brought to its youthful, natural,
operaas'es, mid
Also the most powerful achromatic telescopes,
microscopes. Caution—Messrs. S. and B. Solomon
not in any way connected with a person of the same sat!! onweid
Immediate neighbourhood, nor in any part of the country Arle•
mistakes, be cautious, and observe—only to be bad at S 9, Alo"
street. Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel. Ar•
[ ADVERTISEMENT.] —A VIOLENT SC 0 RBETIC
FEOTION CURED BY HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND rai."4".llDO
Havel!, Walsall-street, Wolverhampton, was for the last tyro I,e sch
nearly covered all over his body with a malignant et option, w_th,
gave him the greatest pain and agony, so much so, that it Was;e7i4
at intervals that he could get a little sleep, altogether his ge__,..ot
health was seriously affected. He had recourse to the most ewin'rog
medical men of Wolverhampton and Birmingham without obtt
relief; he at last puased Holloway's Pills and Ointments"'ore,
f Simpson, stationer. lverhampton, which soon effected we.
This gentleman wile es for the truth of this extraordinary
10'1
meat.—Sold by all medicine vendors, and at Professor 1101,0”
establishment, 244, Strand, London.

BIRTHS. antn2 St
On the 25th inst., at ralston-terrace, Mrs. James Vir""-
of a daughter. of S.
On the 26th inst., in Bloomsbury-square, the led/
Pocock, Esq., of a daughter.
On the 26th inst., at Sufton Court, near Herefords Mrs.
Egerton Hubbard, of a son. Joseph
On the 27th inst., at Mornington-crescent, Mrs.
Boord, of a son.
On the 27th inst., in Warwick-street,
lady of Commander Henry A. Story, R.N., of a daughter.,,
D
On the 27th inst., Mrs. B. Evans, Trinity-street, /
wark, of a daughter.
On the 27th inst., in Cumberland-terrace, the wife of
Fladg
John Chubb, St. Paul's Churchyard, of a son. ate
On the 27th inst., the lady of William Mark
E‘q., of Craven-street, of a daughter. Leamington, the
On ti .e 28th inst., at Hendon, Mrs. John S. TancillenlY
of a son.
of John
On the 28th inst., at Clapham-common, the lady
II umphery, Esq., M.P., of a daughter.

MARRIED.
On the 26th at Budock,near Falmouth, by the Vener-
able Archdeacon Phillpotts, James Poing "
11'destre, E,(E., of al
House of Commons, nephew of John Poingdestre. -E1
Gruinville House, JerQey, to Emma, daughter of 'Ober"
Broad, K.N.L., Falmouth.
On the 23d inst., at Edinburgh, George flair New" Esq.'
of Dundee, to Eliza' Sytne, youngest daughter of Dr. Richard
Huie, M.D., Edinburgh.

DIED.
On the 27th inst., in Ridgemont-plece. Hampstead-r"...A4
Baroness Mary Ann Katharine, relict of the late LOP'
Coleraine, aged 70.
Ou the 28ti. ult., at Philadelphia, F Samuel, Esq., aged 45.E
On the I:2d in-4., at Fisherton Anger, near SalisbarP
General George Michell, aged 89.
On the 25,h inst., C. M. Hawley, Esq., formerly of Shrew°.
bury, aged 40.
On the 27th inst., Alfred, the infant son of the Hon. Lloyd
Kenyon.
On the 27th inst.. at the Vicarage, Braintree, Esfies'
Hannah, wife of the Rev. Bernard Scale.

12,
rinteo 41111 Pohl's:led by 2,1131iD0 YOITITLI. of 18"1.1, et
"txund. Printer, at 77:e Bun Other, N 0.112, strand. in the
of tia° StivoY. in the County of Hlddleiei,
comber 31, 1844.