The Sun.
London, England, 1846-06-12 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, JUNE 12, 1846.

The, Furl of LINCoLN last night brought forward
three founded on the recommendations con-
tained in the report of the Commissioners appointed
to inquire into the occupation of land in Ireland, of
which notice had been given. The manner In which
these measures were received by the House fully jus-
tified the pleasing anticipations of the Noble Lord, viz.,
thizt whatever-difference of opinion there might here-
after be as to their provisions, every one in the House
would ke united—no feelingaaparti animosity would

I be excited, or any rivalry, except of a generous ard
kindly nature, as to which would give the most effec-
tual aid towards the common object—that of im-
proving the condition of the people of Ireland by
increasing and improving the cultivation of the soil,
and giving to the tenants that security in their
investments in the land without which it eras
hopeless to expect that the soil would 1" Pv"
perky cultivated, or its improvement others ise
than retarded. The report of Lord DEVON'S
Commission was presented to the House in the month
of February, 1845, and much anxiety was felt in all
quarters for the introduction of some measures calcu-
,Jated to give effect to the recommendations, or at
least some of them, contained therein. It was felt to
be a subject of the most paramount importance, as
through it alone the most fertile source of
dissension in that country could be removed,
and peace and tranquillity permanently restored
in our sister kingdom ; for, whatever temporary
improvement might be attained, it was impossible
to hope for its continuance unless the exciting cause
of disturbance—that which prevented substantial im-
provement throughout the- boun try, and consequent
prosperity to the owners and occupiers of the soil,
And an increased degree of employment to the
laborious classes were removed—that want of employ-
ment, as Mr. Nrcuor.z.s well said, having produced
destitution; destitution, turbulence; turbulence, want of
security; want of security, want of capital, and again,
want of capital, want of employment. Remove any of
these, and by a natural consequence, you will have
gone a far way in removing all. The great exciting
cause is the want of adequate employment. Idleness
has been called the mother of mischief, and if you
add to that leisure for the concoction and execution
of evil designs, the destitution and want of
all the comforts of civilised life, which must
attend the want of occupation amongst a class
who are dependent for their daily bread on the
sweat of their brows ; the result must be discontent
and recklessness, leading to the fearful evils and oc-
currences which have too frequently inflicted indelible
stains on the character of our Irish brethren. If
therefore no other good was to be obtained but
the increased employment afforded to the labour-
ing classes in effecting the improvements contem-
plated and promoted by the first Bill, an object of
vast importance will have been attained; but thire is
little doubt that great and permanent good will be
thereby effected to all classes, and perhaps those whose
interests will ultimately be most benefited are the
landlords, whose rights some may say are unduly in-
terfered with in the present instance. Great
difficulties mu't attend the introduction of any
measure dealing summarily with' the rights
of a vast and important body of our countrymen, the
owners of the soil, rights which have gene-
rally been considered inviolable and sacred. The
members of the several branches of the Legislature,
by whom this interference must be approved and
sanctioned, all belong to the class whose property is
affected, many of them thinking that they are 'fully
entitled to do as they will with their own ; but
a much larger proportion, we are happy to
say, are disposed to give its full weight to the
important proposition t`• that property has its duties
as well as its rights," and of sufficient patriotism and
philanthropy to yield gracefully a certain portion of
these rights, when it is clearly and indisputably, esta-
blished that their doing so will be productive of
much benefit to the great body of the people—to
their common country. Few will be disposed to
question the statements of the Commissioners,
"that an improved cultivation of the soil and an ad-
vanced condition of the people are intimately connected
with the general prosperity of the whole empire
and few can doubt that this improvement is mu
discouraged by the want of some certain tenure
the land, or the security to the tenant of ohtainii
an adequate return for the expenditure incurrd 1
him in effecting such improvement, either t
length of his tenure, or in a fair compensaticm
his outlay and labour in the event of
•being obliged 'to quit the farm within a
certain time. How to effect this object, so
desirable in every point of view, was the point,
and it is little to be wondered at that the first
measure (that brought forward by Lord ST4NLEY
during the last session) should not be adequate to the
purpose. Great simplicity in the machinery to he
adopted was essentially necessary; and we Thin

Lord LINCOLN has acted wisely in not introducing any
new machinery, but in having recourse to that which
is already in eximtence, and well known throughout
the country, and which had been recommended by the
Oommissioners, viz., the Assistant-Barristers. There
are various classes of improvement contemplated by
the measure : two of these are essentially different
from the others, as effecting a vast and per-
manent improvement in the value of the
farms, and these we think justly are n.ade
different from the others, by being made charges on

the inheritance, and also as being comptials
on the landlords. Others may be m
by agreement, as farming, manuring, &c

and will be binding on the landlord himself who
agrees to them so Air as his awn interest in ths lan,
is concerned. By the new Bill, the tenant as em
powered to serve a notice in a prescribed form on
landlord ; if the landlord approved thereof he signi

his assent, and the matter was thereby carried into
execution ; if he disapproved, it fell to the ground in
311 except the two compulsory clauses re-
lating to building and thorough draining.
Notice should be served on the immediate land-
lord in person, and on all others having an in-
terest in the land 3 exceeding thirty-one years, through
the post-office. We think that it would be prudent to
enable the tenant:, in certain cases, with the approba-

tion of the Assistant-Barrister, to effect a substitu-
tion orsVivj.ce of this notice on the recognised agent,

bailiff, of:driver of the landlord, if not residir g in the
immediate vicinity of the lands. We know,
too well the' great difficulty that is found in
too many instances in effecting personal service of any
legal process or notice in Ireland, and we cannot see
the objection to having the notice served on the party
who receives the rent, or acts on behalf of the land-
lord in respect to the land. Such a provision, how-

ever, may be introduced when the measure goes into

Committee. The immediate landlord, on receipt of
this notice, will be bound to name an arbitrator on his

behalf, and to state whether he was willing to do the
work himself, otherwise an allawance not exceeding
five per cent. on building, and four per cent. on drain-

ing, is to be made.:
the landlord assents, the document which em-
h that assent is to be filed with the clerk of
the peace, and the expense becomes a charge on the
inheritance. If the landlord objects, he should serve

notice of objection, and an arbitrator must be appointed;
if he refuse to appoint one, arbitrators must be ap-
pointed by the Assistant-Barrister and justices at
quarter-sessions. The arbitrators may ! . ap-
point an umpire,they or if do not agree, then
he all"" bQao lilted by the Assistant-Barrister.
The award
being
made, the landlord has an option of
the
undertaking WCekA. trinnelt, if he intimates his
ithin thirty-one days and the
be registered with the clerk
intention of so doing w
t•
given ertothof
I
/ward thus made is to
PPPerly done. Oure
I the pece; a po'wei of inspection is to be
dte that the work is
day do, not permit a further notice, space this ice, but
return to the subject and
we shall speedily . the other
landlord to :
the noble Chief Secretor
two Bills introduced by Y.

journal
TiAmesl,etptuerblifsrhoemd L
in a isboa
ecdoirtrieosnpoonfdtehnatt
this morning, and dated Lisbon, June
s Ist, 4Y
" The panic has become univerai •ThBeS Funds
have fallen a further 10 per cent.,
15 per cent. within
a fortnight.
" The official report of trade in the Diario of this
day is of the most desponding character. The mar-
ket continues paralysed. We are not aware of any
transaction to specify.
" Public Funds.—Small transactions have been I
realised during the week. Shares of companies are
not sought. Paper money and titulos in apathy.
The * (a word illegible) are quoted from 42 to 45.
The shares of the Bank of Lisbon from 580 to 600
milreis each, being a fall of 25 per cent., and those of
the Confianca National at 47i milreis, a fall of more
than 50 per cent. since the suspension of payment."
The Algarves, it appears, have risen, and joined in
the general movement, and the Governor of the pro-
vince has retired to Albuferia, where the troop., are
concentrated. "This," says the Times correspondent,

"completes the ri-ing of the entire nation, with
scarcely the exception of one isolated town."

Madrid papers of the 6th have arrived. The
brdthers CABRAL arrived in Madrid on that day.
BUCUENTAL, who had been banished by NAR•
has returned to Madrid.

lanin Bo',RA, Jrms 6.—Three- per Cents. 83i
to cash.

Intelligence from Rome to the Ist instant has been
received. A fierce struggle is expected between the
Austrian and French interests in the approaching
election of Pope. It appears that the former Power
rather stands in dread of the intrigues of M. Rossi,
the French Ambassador, who is denounced by those
favourable to Austrian influence as the " able and
wily agent of the egotistical policy of France." The
news of the insurrection in Portugal had excited a
great sensation in Rome.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday.
On Tuesday the Chamber of Deputies resumed the
diScussion on the state of Algiers. The principal
speakers were M. FERDINAND BARROT and M. Da
TOCQUEVILLE. We give a resume of the arguments
of M. DE TOCQUEVILLE from the Presse :
" \\That," asked M. DE TOCQUEVILLE, " is the real
state of Algeria? What is the.evil ? What the
remedy ?" and, remarks La Presse," These questions
M. DE TOCQUEVILLE examined with singular talent
and close analysis
" The real state is to be found in the three facts which
we have so often had occasion to expatiate upon. Ist. The
war in Africa is an embarrassment, and no longer a danger.
2ndly. Colonizing by means of the native population is a
chimera. 3dly. A fact to be resolved hereafer comprises
the whole future destiny of our establishment—viz., the
arrival in Africa of a large European population? Where is
•the-evil ? It is in the constant incorrectness of the official
information given to the Chamber upon the state of our
affairs in Algeria. The Ministerial pictures are seducing,
but, unfortunately, are false in every particular. 'Cultiva-
tion there is none; colonization, real and active, there is
none; produce is at an end; in the villager. one-half
the inhabitants are dead, and the other half dying from
starvation. The evil is. moreover, to be found in the
obstacles opposed to all individual endeavours, and in the
absence of all the guarantees which should protect interests.'
On this point M. de Tocqueville quoted a very important
fact, which seemed to make a lively impression on the Cham-
ber. There are colonization societies in Switzerland, and
these societies say to persons who consult them before they
emigrate:—' You may safely go to Algeria; the soil is
good and fruitful—the climate wholesome and agreeable.
But there is no Government, nor guarantee, nor pro-
tection ; and you will find there nothing but misery and
death.' When we reflect that every year thousands of
men expatriate themselves over every part of America, what
regret we must feel in reflecting on the position in which
misgovernment has placed Algeria, and under which it has
so long groaned. The remedy, which M. de Tocqueville as
well as ourselves, has so often repeated, is to be found in the
institution. He combats the pessimists, who see everywhere
insurmountable difficulties, whilst the difficulties against
which we contend in Africa are exactly the same as presnt
themselves in the infancy of all new states, and are to be sur-
mounted by having recourse to the same means."
M. DE TOCQUEVILLE concluded in favour of the
appointment of a Special Department and Minister of
Algeria.

The subject of the election of Pope is commented
on in the Opposition journals. The Courrikr Fran-
cais after alluding to the fruitless endeavours of
France to procure for the Roman citizens municipal
liberties and the abolition of exclusive privileges, de-
clares that, in spite of M. GUIZOT and the reactionary
men who may succeed him, French liberty v.i.11,
sooner or later, emancipate Italy, and restore to the
Papacy its real character and mission.
"The news announced," says the Epoque, "by several
journals, that a re nission of the rest of their punishment has
been accorded to General Montholon, the Englishman Field-
ing. and Lieut. Aladenise, the three last companions of the
captivity of Prince Louis Napoleon, is entirely tinfcunded
There has been neither pardon nor, as was stated, even pr.-
mise of pardon, after the trial of Doctor eonneau. General
Montholon is detained at Ham, Fielding at Versailles, and
Aladenise at St. Pelagie."
The Duke D'AUMALE arrived at Algiers on the
2d of June. During the course of his campaign he
received the submission of many Arab tribes. On the
in same day General YUSUF returned to Algiers
ng with four hundred and fifty horses, which he
by had levied as a fine on the tribe of Ouled-Nayls. The
,he war has ceased in every direction in Algeria, and the
,7k,r troops are enjoying a little repose.
his

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Wednesday at
93f. se. ; the Five per Cents., at 120 f. 20e. ; the Orleans Railroad
shares, 1,255 f.; Rouen, 1,020 f ; Havre, 745 t.; Great Northern, 742 f. 50c.;
Avignon, 895 f.; Vierzon, 6371.50 e. ; Bordeaux, 605 f.; 14oulo,tne, 482 f.
50e. ; Trnyes and Montereau, 390 f.; Basle, 2,.001.; Faint oux, 417 f. 50e.;
Dieppe, 415 f.; Paris and Sir. sburg, 507 f. 50c.; Tours and .N antes,
5150; rails and Lyons, 545 f. ; Belgian Two-and-a-Half per Cents.,
; Spanish Thee per Cents., 38.
The following are the quotations in the new lines : —Lyons and
Avignon, Definitives, 5181'. 75c. ; Bordeaux and Cette, Delinitivs,
505 f.

Lross, JUNE B.—Marseilles and Avignon, RBsf. ; Paris and Or.
leans, 1,215 t:; Lyons, 541 f. 25c.; Great Northern, 737 f. 50c.
BUSINESS PONE IN FOREIGX RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDoN STOCK EA CHANGE, JUNE 11.
Boulogne and Amiens, 11—Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette (Rape •
lets), —Central of Spain, 13i—Dutch Rhenish, 7.74—East Indian,
'y—Louvain and Jemappe, —Luxembourg, 1% —Namur and
Liege, 3% —Northern of France Constituted, 1414 Orleans and Vier-
zon,ls—Orleans and Bordeaux, 9% —Paris and Lyons Constituted,
Paris and Rouen, 39% —Rouen and Havre, 28% —Sambre and
Meuse, 4%

MAP OF THE BASIN OF THE PACIFIC.—Mr. James
Wyld has just published a large map of the basin of the
great Pac.fic Ocean, showing the American and Asiatic
shores and the groups of the Australian and Polynesian
Wands. At the present time the publication of such a map
is of great value, showing as it does the whole Oregon terri-
tory, and its relative position to the British possessions. India,
and China. In the event of a war on the subject of Oregon,
try the Sandwich Islands, the possession of which our Govern-
Ze refused some two years since, will become of immense
importance, situated as they are in the direct coast to
Oregon, India, China, New South Wales, and New Zealand.
Should the project of cutting through the Isthmus of Panama
be carried into effect, the French possessions in the Marquesas
'd will become valuable : we doubt, however, whether the
Isthmus will ever be cut through, and even if should, the
route to Au: tralia, proposed by Lieutenant Wsghorn, via Sin-
"e gapore, appears to be in every way preferable to the route
via Panama. Our magnificent colonies in Australia and
New Zealand are here accurately delineated, and seeing
their relative position to Inat, to China, and to America, it
is impossible to exaggerate their importance. As a Work of
art this map is beautiful, and as a work of reference it is
invaluable. •