The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-04 00:00:00

elltning .11ttL

LONDON, FRIDAY, 'AUGUST 4, 1848.

LATEST FROM IRELAND.

We have received the following from our corre-
spondent in Dublin by Electric Telegraph from

Liverpool

" DUBLIN, THURSDAY EVENING.

" All the accounts from the provinces report the
continuance of tranquillity. There is no intelligence
of the movements of the rebel leaders. Your re-
porter, writing from Ballingarry on Wednesday
night, states that several arrests had been made of
persons known to have harboured the rebel leaders
as well as for taking part in the insurrectionary
movement. Smith O'Brien slept at Kilcooley on
Saturday night in the house of an under forester, in
the service of Mr. Ponsonby Barber. Meagher and
Doheny are believed to have taken up their quarters
on the north side of Slievenamon. The troops have
been moved out of Ballingarry, and are encamped in
a field adjoining. A report has been received that it
is the intention of the rebels to attack the military
on Tuesday next; it is not however credited:
The Electric Telegraph's Company's express states
that yesterday proclamations were issued by the
Lord• Lieutenant to the le counties and baronies pro-
claimed last Monday, calling on all parties, not privi-
leged, to deliver up their arms on or before the 7th
inst., under the penalty of two years' imprisonment
with hard labour.
Lord Hardinge reviewed the troops of the garri-
son in the Phcenix Park to-day, and expressed him-
self well satisfied w4h their high state of discipline.—
Tinte:y.

•
The recent intelligence from Ireland principally
consists of. speculations concerning the present posi-
tion of the rebel leaders. A variety of circumstan-
tial accounts have been put forward respecting their
movements, all of which appear to be equally desti-
tute -of foundation. According to one statement,
Mr. Smrrn O'BRIEN sailed from Limerick on Satur-
day ilight last in an emigrant vessel, the Jane Black,
which started on her voyage Much sooner than the
period anticipated, leaving several parties behind
who had engaged berths on board her. Another
~ron
account,l equally circumstantial, states that he sailed
a small port on the Galway coast, accompanied
by M. "Sen. MEAGHER. and •
DEYIN REILLY ; while
a thiM declares that he passed through Bristol, and
mad thence by the Great Western Railway, and on to
Rotterdam by the Batavier steam.acket ; and a
y' a
fourth, with greater probability, announces that he
is seeking refuge in the mountainslyi
heng between
nlay the
counties of Clare and Galway, where remain
concealed until the closeness of the pursuit has re-
laxed, and where he could readily obtain shelter and
protection against any small party who might come
upon his track. Any person at all acquainted with the
character of the Irish peasantry will easily understand
the origin of these conflicting rumours. Through..
out the entire country, and more especiallypatiiy
in the less cultivated districts, the greatest syni
is invariably entertained for, and, whenever practic-
able,lassistance afforded to, persons seeking to evade
the law. Even the most sanguinary murderer will be
aided in his flight from justice, and the stringent pro-

visions of the law will be fearlessly encountered in
order to facilitate the escape of a perfect stranger.
Whenever the pursuit becomes too pressing, a
number of contradictory accounts are forthcoming
respecting the movements of the fugitives. Statements
will be put forward with the utmost simplicity
and verisimilitude, calculated to distract the atten-
tion of the pursuers, and to turn them from the right
scent. There will be as many different accounts as
there are inquiries made. No person when inter-
rogated will acknowledge his ignorance, but will pre-
tend to the fullest information, and invent the most
minute details as a corroboration to the authenticity
of his narration. It is by such means that outlaws,
for whose apprehension large rewards were offered,
have been enabled to continue at freedom for many
years, until, emboldened by the impunity, they have
relaxed the precautions they observed in the first
heat of the pursuit.
A more cheering evidence, however, could not
be afforded of the total and entire suppres-
sion of the insurrectionary movement in Ire-
land, and the absence of any description
of hope in the minds of its abettors, than is
afforded by these various statements. If it was still
supposed possible that a general outbreak could take
place, it would not be announced that the " Gene-
rals" had fled the country, and had consulted their
own safety by an ignominious flight. It might be
said that they were lying hid until the proper period
arrived, but that they would still be prepared to
head the " National Armies," and lead them on to
victory over the Saxon oppressor in due time.
Their departure for a foreign shore, however,
is an abdication of the functions entrusted to their
charge, a manifest proof that even they themselves
acknowledge the total failure of their enterprise.
We do not by any means assert that the spirit of
discontent and disaffection which was unfortunately
so prevalent throughout the whole of Ireland, has
been changed, or that many would not be prepared
to take advantage of any favourable opportunity for
setting the authorities at defiance. The eradication
of that.feeling must be a work of considerable time,
and we will add, also, of much labour and great ex-
pence. We must wean the Irish people from their
unfortunate prejudices by a long course of kindness,
and by a judicious and conciliatory policy. Their
real grievances must be removed, and reasonable as-
sistance afforded to render their lands productive, and
provide constant employment for all who are able
and willing to work. As we have repeatedly said,
they must be in every respect.placed upon a footing
of perfect equality with England, and rendered an
integral portion of the British empire, with equal
rights and equal privileges to those which we ourselves
enjoy. A fully occupied and fairly remunerated man,
in possession of the actual necessaries of life,
and perhaps the enjoyment of some humble comforts,
will not readily listen to the voice of the tempter, or
be easily led astray by pernicious counsels, however
plausible they may appear. To use a homely
adage—" A man will not, quarrel with his
bread and butter," but when the butter is wholly
abstracted, and but a small portion of the bread is
allowed to remain, his disposition becomes much more
pugnacious, and ready for any disturbance, which,
whatever may be its result, can scarcely deteriorate
his condition.

At present the " snake is scotched, not killed."
The majority of the people are kept in awe by fear
and not by love. There is, however, little prospect of
a further outbreak at present. The decisive check
given to the insurgents at Boulagh by a few policemen
has proved the utter hopelessness of any attempt
to withstand the British power with the means at
their disposal. No insurrectionary movement could
be at all successful, neither could the great body of

the people be induced to participate therein, un-
less some brilliant successes had attended
the first outbreak. An early discomfiture
is equivalent to a total defeat, and when
that has taken place, as in the present instance, there
will be no chance of a speedy repetition of the attempt,
unless the people are goaded on by cruelties and atro-
cities practised under the guise of law. The difference
between the termination of the present rebellion and
that of half a century preceding may be attributed to
the different mode of treatment adopted towards the
" suspected " at the different periods. The Irish
have been blessed with the temperate but firm
rule of a CLARENDON in 1848 ; but in 1798 the most
abominable cruelties were perpetrated, and the

triangles and pitch caps were in daily requisition in
the Yeomanry riding-schools. Hence the massacres
of Wexford and Scullabogue, while more recently life
and property have been in every instance respected. The
rule to be adopted for the permanent tranquillization of
Ireland- should be that, some years since put forward
in an excellent pamphlet under the quaint title of—
" Feed, Employ, but don't hang them."

Disasters have at last followed each other with
such rapid succession in Lombardy, that the King of
SARDINIA is beginning to reflect seriously upon the
possible consequences of a French intervention.
After the brilliant successes with which the campaign
of liberation commenced it becomes doubly deplor-
able to observe the repeated and profound calamities
which have latterly befallen the Italian forces. A
quick succession of victories, beginning with the
battle of Goito, had illustrated the military enter-
prise of CARL° ALBERTO, and seemed to promise
the speedy and permanent eonsolidation of the long
buried nationality of the Roman peninsula. These
achievements, however, have now given place to the
most deplorable reverses of fortune. The ..army
which had responded so • nobly to the calls
of the Milanese, which bad been augmented
by auxiliary troops arriving at intervals from
Naples, from the Papal States, from Tuscany,
and from the smaller principalities, the army
which had driven back the German legionaries to the
heart of the province of Vicentino, and which only
yesterday threatened the divided power of RADETZKY
with either flank under the walls of Mantua and
Verona—that army has suddenly recoiled in the very
hour of its glory, it has fallen back before the over-
whelming
and concentrated superiority of the Aus-
trians, it has been outnumbered, and outgeneralled,
and outmanesuvred, it has been compelled to
retreat swiftly and almost in a state of disorganize-
tion froth the line of the Mincio to the line of the
Oglio. According to the last accounts received from
the seat of war, the head-quarters of CARLo ALBERTO
were fixed at Boszolo, so that the road between
Mantua and Milan lay open before the soldiers of
RADETZKY. It would appear that a detachment of
the Austrians had already advanced as far as Cremona,
and were doubtless soon afterwards advancing upon
Pizzeghettone. Consequently the dream of the Sar-
dinian SOVEREIGN has "melted into thin air" at the
very instant it seemed to verge upon realisation. The
kingdom he recently traversed as a conqueror, he is
now obliged to resign almost with the precipitation of
a fugitive. Nor when we reflect upon the numerical
preponderance of his antagonists, is this bewildering
change of circumstances altogether unaccountable.
From first to last the Piedmontese have acted with
extraordinary gallantry. Although but feebly se-
conded in their efforts against the Germans, by the
Romans, the Tuscans, the Neapolitans, and even by the
Milanese themselves, the young recruits of Piedmont
have deported themselves almost in every instance,
without exception, v,ith the enthusiasm of novices,
and sometimes even with the circumspection of vete-
rans. They have been to the more patriotic
Italians what the Garde Mobile have been to the
moderate Republicans of France. They have been
the avant garde of Italian nationality as the Garde
Mobile have been the trustiest phalanx in defiance of
anarchy and terrorism. Still, in spite of the cou •
rage of the Piedmontese, in spite of the earnestness
of their King-Captain (and the splendid prizes he
has at stake in the contest are the surest guarantees
for the sincerity of CARLO ALBERTO—the Italian
army have been forced to retire, felt, be-
cause of the enormous superiority of their op-
ponents in point of actual number; and, secondly,
because in fighting against RADETZK I' they are
fighting against one of the wiliest commanders of the
age. The Piedmontese have been outnumbered,
CARLO ALBERTO has been outgeneralledand that
is the reason why we suddenly find the tide of for-
tune reversed, and the Italians hurried from the
shelter of the Mincio to the western banks of the
Oglio.

Prom what has occurred in Lombardy it is dreaded
lest France shall be led to adopt the policy of inter-
ference. In the celebrated manifesto of LAMARTINE

it was• announced to Europe that the Republic would
only interpose her forces when the cause
of any distinct nationality should appear
desperate. Not otherwise. And hitherto
amidst all the changes of her administration the
young Republic of February has adhered with the
noblest constancy to this wise and generous decla-
ration. Hitherto the armies of France have abstained
from crossing her frontiers. The army of the Alps,
it is true, has dallied upon the borders of Provence
and Dauphine, but it has only been to act with
promptitude in any case of emergency. Up to the last
week the passive attitude assumed by the French
Republic in regard to the combatants in Lom-
bardy has been confirmed by the thanks
and entreaties of the King of SARDINIA. Never-
theless it must be remembered that that was
only during the period of his success. Now
that fortune has shifted to the banners of RADETZKT,
the tone of CARL° ALBERTO appears to be changed in
like manner. It, is certain that the retreat of the
Piedmontese army to Bozzolo was immediately fol-
lowed by the departure of Signor GUERRIERI, and
afterwards of the Marchese Ricci to Paris, the former
as an unaccredited, and the latter as an accredited,
agent from the old Provisional Government of Milan.
On Wednesday morning Ricci arrived in Paris for
the purpose, as it is understood, of seeking the help
of France in the present doubtful position of affairs
in Lombardy.
Now, any armed intervention on the part of France
between the belligerent forces of Austria and Pied-
mont would necessarily embroil the Republic with
Germany. War on the River Po would inevitably
lead to war on the River Rhine ; and war i❑ those
two quarters would as certainly lead at once to war
all over the continent. For the sake of humanity,
therefore, Cor the sake of civilization, for the sake of
constitutional freedom, it is most earnestly to be
hoped that a merely spurious sentiment of generosity,
much less an ignoble thirst after conquest, will not
blindly plunge France into a collision with Austria.
To our own mind, such a proceeding seems impos-
sible if it were attempted, and insane if it were pos-
sible. Part of the army of the .Alps is now occupied
in the vicinity of Paris, and part of it even in the
metropolis. Indeed, the Republic has scarcely leisure
to go off on a freak of knight-errantry like that of
delivering the virgin nationality of Italia from the
lickerish grasp of the old brutal Austrian despotism.
The iron hands of the French soldiers are still
grappling with the conquered, but not annihi-
lated, hydra of insurrection. If the grip
of those hands be relaxed and the awe of
that military presence be carried beyond the
ridge of the Cottian Alps, the anarchists will arise
with redoubled energy, infuriated by their late de-
feat and maddened by a raging appetite for ven-
geance. In that case the streets of Paris must
again run with blood, and in the civil war carried
on in that city by the surviving demons of the late
outbreak who shall vouch for the safety of such men
as LAMARTINE, ARAGO, DUPONT, MARRAST, MARIE,
and the like ? And those men gone, whose voice
shall recall France to reason, whose courage shall
crush terrorism by its defiance, whose genius shall
allay the storm of the social convulsion ? No: if
France on the first glimpse of a reverse in Italy, has
the madness to involve Europe in a blaze from
one extremity to the other, she will be sealing the
doom of her own woe and degradation. Nor will
she be acting with any degree of faithlessness towards
the Roman peninsula by abstaining from an instant
participation in its quarrels. The fate of the Pied-
montese is obscured, but it is by no means desperate.
In fact it has been hinted by the Vicegerent of Ger-
many himself that Austria has only been awaiting a
slight flush of victory, in order that she might, with
some appearance of grace, yield to a compromise.
On the opening of the Vienna Diet, the Archduke
JOHN declared that the Austrian Government was
not anxious to do violence to the nationality of the
Italians. Hence, we maintain again, that the posture
of affairs with the Piedmontese, although serious, is
in no respect desperate.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 29th ult. have been re-

eeived.

On the morning of that day GONZALES BRAVO
was arrested at his house in Madrid by Senor
Cmco, the head of the police, in consequence
of orders received from NAItVAEZ by telegraph from
La Granja, and immediately placed in a. chaise with
a police offi;:er on each side of him, and driven off to
Cadiz, from whence he will be immediately trans-
ported to the Philippine Islands. It appears that an
intrigue has for some time been concocting against
NARVAEZ by the Camarilla. The soul of this intrigue
was the Marquis of MIRAPLORES (the great
friend of CHRISTINA) and his ward the Mar-
quis of BEDMAR, who appears to have suc-
ceeded General SERRANO in that peculiar in-
fluence which he once possessed over the QUEEN.
The plot was to dismiss NARVAEZ and call upon
GONZALES BRAVO to form a Ministry, who would
have conferred high office on the Marquises of BEDMAR
and MIRAFLORES, and have given seats in the Cabinet
to CORDOVA, the two CONCHAS and CARRASCO. NAB.
VAEZ discovered the intrigue just in time to save himself,
and at once dismissed the Marquis of MIRAFLORES
from the governorship of the Palace, and ordered
the deportation of GONZALES BRAVO to the Philip-
pines.

The Duke of SOTOMAYOIt is about to leave the Mi-
nistry on the ground of ill-health. He will be ap-
pointed Minister to the French Republic. It is said
that he will be succeeded by PIDAL as Minister for
Foreign Affairs.
The Heraldo announces the discovery of a Carlist
conspiracy in Madrid, and the arrest of several of the
conspirators.
ManzlD Boma, JULY 29.—The Three per Cents,
181 cash ; and after the close buyers, 1 sellers ;
Five per Cents. 101 to I buyers, sellers ; Coupons,
6/ buyers; Internal Passive Debt, 4; and Foreign
ditto, 31.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The Bill for imposing a tax on all mortgages gave
rise to a very animated debate in the National
Assembly on Wednesday. It was vehemently at-
tacked by M. Tinuas, as being unjust in its prin-
ciple and its operation. The lion. Gentleman then
proceeded to advocate the imposition of an income.
tax as in England. M. GOUDCHAUX defended the
measure as being merely of a temporary nature. It
was imposed only for one year, and it levied a tax
upon the only species of property the value of which
had not been depreciated by the revolution. With
regard to the income-tax, M. GOIIDCHAUX said that
he intended to propose such an imposition for 1849,
and that the Bill was ready. Ultimately the
Minister succeeded in carrying his measure by a
majority of thirty-nine only, the numbers being—

For the tax
Against it ...... ..........

Majority •• -39

On the night of Tuesday, M. ALBERT Ricci, the
Sardinian Minister in Paris, made a formal applica-
tion from CHARLES ALBERT to the French Republic
for military assistance against Austria. M. AmAral
has also arrived in Paris, deputed by the Provisional
Government of Vienna to request French ;interven-
tion in the affairs of Italy. They have been re-
ceived by M. BASTIDB, the Minister for Foreign
Affairs, and it is feared that France will be forced
into an intervention. A Lyons paper states that two
regiments have been ordered to march from that gar-
rison towards the frontiers of Italy, and that all the
troops in that division have received orders to hold
themselves in readiness ; while a Marseilles journal
announces that the Minister at War has ordered the
formation of a'camp of from 15,000 to 20,000 men in
the vicinity of that city.

The Co wititutionnel has the•-follawing on the affairs
Atufftthjeuei.sat pia.° a most
" The Piedtnontese array
dn.
of 'taly . .
Oglio,-and the frAsuccessful de-
cided retrograde movement.
,heeraelt corp's 101 l
en-
gagement of' General Sonnaz,
back on the line of the
Charles Albert were transferred to Bozzoloquarterwsiollf
probably be removed still further-behind Adda.
In fact, this line presents more strength than the previous
one ; it is supported on Lodi and the lake.of Comoa
draws a great strength from the neighbourhood of Pavia,l
added to which h allows of manoeuvring ou the right
banit of the Po, the passage of which is secured by the
bridge of Placentia, but it is also attended with the in-
convenience that it leaves Brescia unsupported, and
endeavours are- being made to re-organize the Loin-

bardian contingent for its defence. As that part of the
country is very mountainous, it may very well be de-
fended by well-commanded volunteers, if they have only
to do with detached corps of Austrians, but not if Mar-
shal Radetzky advances on it en masse. A sort of panic
has shown itself at Milan; barricades are being raised in
the faubourgs, and advanced works constructed in the
neighbouring villages. We do not think that the danger
is so imminent as to require all these precautions. Un-
less Charles Albert is led by the political acts of the
Lombardians to give up their cause, he may defend the
line of the Adda for a long time, and it is even doubtful
whether the Austrians would endeavour to make an ad-
vance on Milan by attacking the flank of the Piedmon-
tese army. We think rather that their attacks will be
confined to front and to accessory operations, such as
the sending several divisions, vkho, after having passed
the Po at Bongofate, may sweep the Duchy of Modena,
that of Parma, and threaten the right wing of the Pled-
montese.

" The Sardinian army left in Savoy have received
orders to join the main body of the army by forced
marches. These troops constitute the whole reserve of
Charles Albert, who behind them has nothing more to
calculate on than—France. It is for this reason he
solicits our assistance, and it is positively said that the
Government has received orders to make a demonstra-
tion in the Adriatic. In a military point of view such a
measure appears to us both tardy and insufficient; as a
political act has all its bearing been duly weighed? It
is said that M. Ricci, the Sardinian Minister, had an
interview with the French Minister of Foreign Affairs
last evening in order to demand the cooperation of
France.

_
" The new Sardinian Ministry doesnot appear to have
met with the sympathies of the Piedmontese nation. On
the 29th the people of Turin, excited by the imminence
of the danger, went in a crowd to the Chamber, demand.
ing the dissolution of the Assembly and the concentra-
tion of all the power in the hands of the King. The
doors were closed, and the National Guard protected the
Assembly. Several of the Members harangued the
people from the windows; and at length Gioberti pre-
sented himself, announcing that he had been charged to
form a new Ministry ; that he was about to submit his
programme to the Chamber, and if it was accepted he
would remain in office, and if not he would immediately
retire.: The crowd felt confidence in him and dispersed.
"It is confidently stated that an express has arrived
from Turin with the intelligence that the dictatorship of
the King has been proclaimed. M. Mazzini has enrolled
himself as a volunteer at Milan."

The Italian Envoys had yesterday interviews with
General CAVAIGNAC and M. BAsTIDE, who intimated
to them that the French Government was by no
means disposed to interfere by armed force in the
affairs of Italy.except in the case of absolute neces-
sity, but that they hoped to induce England to join
with France in offering the joint mediation of the
two countries between Austria and CHARLES ALBERT.

In the sitting of the National Assembly, yesterday,
the report of the Committee appointed to investigate
the origin of the attack of the 15th of May, and of
the insurrection of June, was presented. The read-
ing of it was not concluded when the post left. MM.
LEDRU ROLLIN, LOUIS BLANC, and CAUSSIDIERE,
were present, and it seemed to be the general opinion
that the Assembly would order them to be taken into
custody.

- BOURSE, PARIS, THURSDAY, AUG. 3.
THREE O'CLOCK.—There was a considerable reaction
in the prices of Rentes to-day, in consequence of a report
that M. Bastide had refused to interfere in the affairs of
Jtaly without the consent and the.concurrence of England.
For the Account, the Three per Cents. and the Five per
Cents have risen If.; Loan nut quoted. For Money the
Three per Cents. have risen 50c.; Five per Cents. have
risen to the same amount ; Bons du TiCor are at 23
discount. Bank of France Shares have risen 25r. ;
Belgian Fivo per Cents. are the same as yesterday ;
Spanish Funds are not quoted ; Roman has fallen 1 per
cent. ; Rothschild's Receipts have risen per cent.
Exchange on London (30 days), 25 32:1i ; ditto (90 days)
25 25. Railway Shares have not participated in the
rise, with the exception of Orleans, which have risen
7f. 50e., and Rouens, which have risen sf. The Vierzons
and Marseilles have declined sf. each. The others are
nearly the same as yesterday.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK-EXCIIANGE, AUG. 3.
Boulogne and Amiens, 6% -Italian and Austrian,
Luxembourg, Ai—Namur and Liege, 4%—Northern of
France, 5-1,4,