The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-20 00:00:00

AFFAIRS OF MEXICO.

The following summary of affairs in Mexico (from
the IVew Orleans Picayune) is valuable, from its minute-
ness end general accuracy, and will be read with interest
by those who take an interest in the condition of that
sad spectacle of a republic:—
The discourse of General Paredes before tho Mexican
Congress was pronounced on the 6th of June. It has
already been received and published in the United
States. Congress proceeded at once to organise the
executive power, by a decree that it should be deposited
provisionally in a magistrate elected by a plurality of
the votes of Congress, and that a Vice-President should
be elected at the same time to act in the absence of the
President.

This decree was passed on the 10th of June, and on
the 12th the election was held. General Paredes was
elected President, receiving 58 out of 83 votes. General
Bravo received 13 votes, and General Herrera 7 votes.
General Bravo was then elected Vice-President, re-
ceiving 48 out of 82 votes. The highest opposing can-
didate was D. Luis G. Cuevas, who received 17 votes.

General Paredes took the oaths of office on the 13th
as provisional President, and at the same time pro-
nounced another discourse, in the most notable passage
of which he expresses his confidence that Congress will
grant all the supplies and make every effort necessary
to defend the national cause. He reviews at length the
wrongs which Mexico has endured at the hands of the
United States, and concludes with desiring permission
to assume the command of the army in the field.
In the absence of Senor Bustatnente, who was ill, Dr.
D. Louis Gonzaga Gordoa presided over Congress. He
replied to the President in substance, that every ques-
tion of domestic policy shrunk into insigeificance com-
pared with the invasion of the country on the frontier
of the Rio Bravo; that the Mexican who should think
of aught else than the injustice and treachery with which
their soil was trampled, and the necessity.of avenging
their outraged honour, had no right to claim a share in
their patriotic devotion.
On the 18th permission was granted to Paredes to
place himself at the head of troops, and proceed to join
the army of the north. General Gonzalez Arevalo was
to leave the capital on the 19th, in command of the ad-
vance of the forces of Paredes. General Mejia was in
the actual command of the army of the north, Arista
having been ordered to Mexico, and Ampudia to re-
main at San Luis Potosi. (A. paper of the 27th ult.
says that General Arevado, instead of proceeding to the
frontier, had marched for Guadulajara to put down the
insurrection.)

General Bravo left Vera Cruz for the city of Mexico
on the 24th, to discharge the functions of President in
the absence of Paredes. Our papers are not late enough
to contain his arrival.

The committees of Congrees upon foreign relations
and upon war mach a joint report on the 16th on that
part of the message of Paredes relating to the United
States. The report recommends the passage of a bill
declaring Mexico to be " in a state of war with the
United States." We do not find that the bill had ac-
tually been passed. The project of the law or bill will
be tound below.

The cannonade between St. Mary's and the three
Mexican gun-boats, Quereiana, Union, and Poblana, .at
Tampico, is mentioned in all the. Mexican papers.
They claim no great victory, but express themselves
satisfied with the valour displayed by the Mexicans.
We see no mention of any loss which was suff red. A
report is mentioned in our correspondent's letter and in
the papers before us, that the Americans had taken
Altarnira, a sea-port lying directly north of Tampico,
and only a few miles ditant. There seems no impro•
bab•lity in the report.
The General left in command of Vera Cruz on the
30th ult., formally declared that city to be in a state of
siege, in order to prepare all the people for an antici
pated attack upon it. The garrison of the castle had
received orders to be on the alert, particularly at night,
as the danger of a night attlek was thought imminent.
Our correspondent writes—" It is said" an attack was to
be made on the 10th instant, but we know nothing more
on the subject. The General to whom the command of
Vera Cruz was intrusted is Ro‘friqu z de Cela.
A report bad reachi-d Vera Cruz that the Californias
had separated themselve.; from Mexico, but nothing is
said to let us know whether CAnmodore Sloat had any-
thing to do with the separation. The subject is men-
tioned by our Havannah correspondent.
A• communication has been received in Mexico from
the commander of the troops sent to put down the insur-
rection in Jalisco, in which he attributed little impor-
tance to the events which occurred there, and expressed
the hope that he should be able promptly to chastise the
authors of the movement.

The latest dispatch from Guw/alajara is dated June
18, at which date General Pacheco informs the Govern
ment that he has possession of a good portion of•the
public buildings of the city, and the insurgents numbered
only 1,200 and were daily dispersing.
General Tornel has again assumed the functions of
Minister of War.
A large quantity of ammunition has beent sent to the
city of Mexico from the Ca, tle of Perote, together with
some mounted cannon and muskets.
The papers are full of individual tenders of money to
aid in carrying on the war.
The Mexican Government has declared the ports of
Mazatlan and Matamoros closed to foreign commerce.
The publication of El Tiempo, the Bourbonist paper,
has been discontinued since Congress has commenced its
session.
El Indicador, of Vera Cruz, of the 23d ult. states
that the English war steamer Vesuviu.s (which arrived
at Sacrificios on the 14th) had left for Tampico to de-
mand from the commander of the St. Mary's explana-
tions as to his motives for not permitting the steamer
Clyde to take on board specie, as the English steamers
had hitherto done. It also says that the commander of
the Vesuvius 'would take It on board his own vessel.
In this connexion we may mention, that beside the
Vesuvius, another English war steamer, a 50 gun frigate,
and a brig of-war, arrived at Sacrificios on the 14th,
from Jamaica. The Vera Cruz editor is at a loss to
account for the concentration of such a force there by
the English. A Spanish frigate and brig, and a French
bark and brig, all vessels of war, were lying there on
the 18th ult.
On the 21st news was received at Vera Cruz that an
American brig-of-war was blockading the port of Al-
varado. The next day intelligence reached there that
some boats from the brig had pursued a Mexican boat
across the bar. Some boats from the Mexican vessels of
war went to the assistance of the boat, and the people
were called to arms. The Mexican boat made its
escape. Say the Mexicans, " The victory was ours ;
but there was none killed or wounded, as the Americans
did not venture to measure strength with us." The
American boats were by signal ordered back to the
brig. Subsequently to this tremendous affair the brig
went to sea. The whole is reported as a great outrage.
An American sloop-of-war arrived off the port of
Vera Cruz on the 30th ult., and an American brig-of-
war at the same date was seen sailing towards Isla
Verde. On the 18th ult. there was an American frigate
at Sacrificios, and a brig-of-war. On the 29th, the Spa-
nish ship Flar de Llanes spoke an American vessel of
war twenty leagues from Vera Cruz, which he supposed
to be the fig-ship Cumberland.
The Committee of the Mexican Congress to which
was referred the report of the Minister of Finance, in
relation to obtaining resources for the war, on the 20th
of June, reported a law to the following effect:—
" 1. During the existence of the war which the United
States is making upon the Mexican nation, the t;overn-
ment is authorised to rare the sums necessary for the
war in the manner most convenient and efficacious, (but
without taking possession of the private property of indi-
viduals or corporations), allotting to each class the
amount of money which it should contribute to the pub
lie defence, in the order it should judge equitable.
"2. The Government is authorised to make use of all
the national revennes, taking care to apply them in ti e
best manner the circumstances will admit, to the fulfilment
of the objects to which rach of them is appropriated.
"3. The Government is authorised to regulate the
payment of the national debt.
"4. To take measures for the regulation and improve-
ment of the public revenues and their administration ;
consulting in everything relating to the organisation of
the bureaus and the administration of the revenues the
superior junta of the treasury, which it will organise in
the manner which it shall deem most suitable.

This report, signed by Senor Alantan among others,
was objected to at once wad in Soto, as being too indefi-
nite as to the powers with which it would invest the Go-
vernment. Two members were then added to the com-
mittee, and the subject referred back to them.
On the 23d June, Paredes issued a decree for the
organisation in the capital, of a battalion of infantry
and two squadrons of cavalry from the commercial
classes, which were to find their own equipments, and
whose sole duties should be the preservation of order
in the capital and the protection of private property
the
This measura was adopted with a view to leave he
garrison at liberty to march to the capitatpon the form
On the 20th a Committee of Cop_e'greas s
yP Valenciaena, C
wuetroeo ,
it uti
Bonilla, was
T appointed.
agi
eßßomero, a
om e Pena
A° fr
ra ni
llcaogas
appointed.
We annex a translation
of the projet de lei, or bill,
ina
reported in relation
to the war, by the committee to
B cane ra and Valencia were
which it was referred.
.o g
this committee. After a short
among the members of
report upon the circumstances of the case, the com-
mittee
proposed the following:—
" The extraordinary National Congress of the Mexican
Republic considering:
" That the Republic of the United States of America,
with notorious violation of all right, has instigated and
protected openly and perseveringly the insurrection of
the colonists of Texas against the nation which had ad-
mitted them upon its territory, and generously shielded
them with the protection of its laws.
St That it has incorporated the same territory of
Texas into its union by an Act of its Congress, notwith-
standing it has always belonged by undisputed right to
the Mexican nation ; has been recognised as such by
the United States themselves, as appears by the boundary
treaties of 1832 and 1835.
" That it has not maintained the solemn assurances
and reservations in regard to the rights of the Mexican
Republic, which by means of its agents it had made in
conformity with those treaties.
" That it has also invaded the department of Tamau-
lipas, introducing an army upon the left bank of the Rio
Bravo, giving occasion and origin to the battles of the
Bth and 9th of May of the present year.
" That in time of profound peace, and during the
established relations of amity between the two countries,
it has invaded by land and sea the territories of the
Californias.

" That it has blockaded the ports of Matamoros, Vera
Cruz, and Tampico of Tamaulip as, opening its fire upon
the defences ut the latter.
" That it has authorised a levy of troops against 3,l•_txico.
"That it has declared war against the republic, under
the pretext that the said state: had been invaded, when,
in fact, they made the invasion.
"And, lastly, considering that the nationality of th•

Mexicans is seriously compromised by the power and
the spirit of usurpation, fbgranily manifested by the
neighbouring nation of the United States—Dt creee,
" Ist. The Mexican nation, in the exercise of its
natural defence, is actually in a state of war with the
United States of America.
" 2d. In consequence thereof, the Government will
employ all its resources and powers to render the war
effectual to the reparation of the injury done to the
Mexican nation; it will complete the bodies of perma-
nent militia, and levy new forces at once to the extent
it shall deem necessary. both to fill up the bodies st
pre,ent on foot, and to create others of the same descrip-
tion; and if it shall need other special powers, Congress
will confer them."
This report bears date the 16th tilt:, but we find it in
a paper of the 271 h, and we know not at all what action
was taken by Congress upon it.
The diplomatic corps paid their respects to the Pre•
sident upon the 21st, to felicitate him upon his election.
The British Minister, Mr. Bankhead, addressed the
President on the subject very briefly, and in very general
terms. The reply of the President is of the same chit'
racter—not a line in it possesses any interest.
Advices have been received from Durango, giving an
account of an action between a body of Mexicans and
band of savages, in which the Mexicans were utterly de-
feated, with the loss of their commander and others, lett
dead on the field. This occurred early in June.
The situation of Matamoros and the north-eastern de-
partment is represented in the Mexican papers as de"
plorable. Without the speedy arrival of aid they are
lost irrecoverably, say the Mexicans. Copies of the
Republic of Rio Grande had been received in Mexico.
The papers say they are written in bad Spanish•—•
Shocking
At four o'clock on the morning of the 21st inst., there
was a slight shock of an earthquake felt at Vera Cm*
which lasted some seconds. It was accompanied by
great agitation and roaring of the sea. The papers pill
heaven to spare them from the calamities of the elements,
while they are suffering from the evils of a foreign war.
The people of Tlacotalpam, on learning of the blockade
of Alvarado, enlisted, to the number of several hundreds,
to defend the bar, and a few thousand dollars were raised
by subscription to erect fortifications.
Both the departments of Chihuahua and Durango are
suffering from the ravages of the Comanches and Lepatts•
Their outrages are partially attributed to the intrigues
of the North Americans, some of whom have been seen
with the Indians.

MIGUELITE INSURRECTION.
(From the Times.)
A gentleman, just arrived from Oporto, has favoured
with a copy of the following proclamation, leaned on the
10th inst. :

PRO LEGE ET GREBE.
IN THE NAME OF H. M. F. M. Dow Mlourc, I.
PROCLAMATION
Issued by the General-in-Chief and Military Director, "
ginald ReMacdonnell, to the soldiers, Royalists, and patriot"

of Portugal.
Soldiers and Royalists,—What with Charter and Constitu-
tion, Portugal has become the prey of faction and the elp°l4
of anarchy; it is, therefore, you who must rise and take the
lead in rescuing your country from the state of degradation
in which it lies. The crisis has arrived, and the remeor
brance of past events ought to spur you on to exertion; for
in the war which you have lately waged with invasion and
revolution, you were not vanquished, you were betrayed'
Your fleet was captured in a simulated combat; .Y°llr
capital was occupied without even the form of defence;
your army was subdivided and rendered ineffective
by detail; and, when finally assembled, it was decoyed t°
Evora, and there cajoled into "a needless and base capitula-
tion. Such were the combined effects of domestic intrigue,
and foreign chicanery, aided and abetted by the perfiy 111
those councillors who surrounded the throne, and to wdill;
by a dire fatality,- your deetinies were confided.
invading adversaries, conscious of their own weakue'r
were astonished at their own success : they instinctivq
knew that they owed no such advantage to any virtue
themselves, yet they cunningly made the most of the osc3ii
sion, and strove to impose on Europe the belief that °,,
was due to their proper wisdom and heroism: The foreig-
press teemed with tee productions of their pen, professia!,
in title, to be histories of the war; productions of invidiou;
and sinister character, in which f'tcts were garbled, distorted;
and suppressed, in order that you might have censure an;
they might have praise ; but this wretched ambition wt
not all, for in public, if success made them vain—in secre,
their tears made them cruel; and while abroad they were`led
Live with the pen, at home they were active with the pantro.
The Convention of Evora had scarcely been concluded w7.9t
a plot was formed for its violation;_ though the Itile'tlia
armed force had been dissolved, the Royalist party was:et,.
undiminished in its numbers, and still unchauged in its '
timents, it formed the vast majority 1-1
of the Portugu
nation. As it could not, therefore, be destroyed in "d„,
spills'
recourse was had to assassination to destroy it in ept,.`
every Royalist of any leading, and who bore a good ...4
was doomed to be a victim. A system of murder then ei;
menced, and rapine and sacrilege were its concornitains,
Men who had laid down their arms, returned to their ho
and founded their hope of security on the faitlien.
solemnity of public treaty, were persecuted and acts
sr ..%
Some were arrested, and dispatched in prison—soote e'_.`;
slain in the street—and others were butchered at th,aeinr,,os;
homes, in the midst of their horror• stricket.te tas,a"s'sia
There was not a sanctuary which the dirk of tn,
The C ntion of
ons e
did not invade and pollute with crime. been. This
Evora was disregarded as if it never
ba
rtain either to
demoniacal policy did not, in strictness, al'ir,):„ parties, if
taken
Chartistswaseptemcertbainlyrists;
free each
°I. rimwae, s
and
note
the
ght
to be in justice free of the blaolll,f thG
It
esiries that led to the
policy of 'parties, but the policy of
Miu'of unprincipled men,
who with official knavery scruple
atrocity—Ministries chiefly composed
scrupled not to betray both friend
__e
and foe;' men who, in fine, were by greed of power, renndderdee
callous to shame; who sacrificedjustices humanity, ad,
corum to gratify their selfish propensities. What they wet
then, such they are now, and such would continue to be
for the spurious character is for ever the same. No otb_ier
course of policy is, indeed, to be expected from a raw at
revolutionary Government, that must needs be a mockery,.
the eyes of the nation, and thus kept alive to its own in'
efficiency; for there is .no authority so unjust and cruel
' that which is haunted by the fear of contempt. 0
Soldiers and Royalists, your fate has been hard! fortan_
has been cruelly severe, and public opinion has done Ye!
wrong! You sacrificed your wealth to maintain the alt t;
and the throne in their Divine and legitimate purit,y,
yet you have been denied the principle of patriotism. iv",„
ventured your lives in the active discharge of what
deemed to be a duty, and yet you have bean describers_r,
devoid of moral virtue I you fought better than your adv,el
saries, and that too under every disadvantage, and yet Yi'o
have been decried and stigmatised as cowards! I Inao.,
these assertions boldly, for I speak of facts which I kr1,0.,,
and of conduct which I witnessed. A knowledge of t_7s;
indisputable facts has enabled me to advocate your c 110...
throughout Europe, in despite of opposition, and the rem t&
brance of your good and noble conduct impels me nott4
take the field, and fills me with pride while I thus ada7
you, for I know you Will learn with delight that the W
restoration is declared. PO'
Don Miguel I. has this day been proclaimed King of
tugal and the Algarves with their dependencies; haset), t(tite
the national restoration of the Cortes of Laniego,
fundamental laws of the monarchy. its
Your antient and legitimate standard now way—aed
open howility to both charter and constitution, 1 of
their vacillating governments. It is the syn11,1"04,00
your faith, of your laws, of your King, and 'muster
country. It is the signal for you to arm, to 11-ocer
and to march and to rally around it, that ou may retc ,0d
your rights and redress your wrongs. Many of the belssi.-
the bravest of the Royalists are already with me ia fb r sys
Our plan is formed and our system is established. o";;eog-
tem is conciliatory, and it therefore is n itional. the
nise bone as enemies, save those whom we encounter 1
rtio
field. We make no distinction of party; men of all P' in
are amongst us, and every appointment -shall be foto
~so.
justice. Protnotisn shall be strictly confined to the opera,,:.. i'7.
force, and valour and obedience shall be the sole re ci
mendation. I make this declarati, m in the fulness of h""es
and cand.iur, for my will is good and my power is annr,
The deeds of every brave man shall be rewarded. The .„,0
gesnts, corporals, and soldiers shall daily and duly
their. rations artd their pay, so long as the campaign
' c
last, and while they remain under my immediate ensont3;ol
This lam empowered to promise, and this I pledge
to see performed, and you are all of you sufficiently
quainted with my character to know that I never break fait
with the troops. • re 4
Soldiers and Royalists, in December, 1833, when I
the command at Santarem, I foresaw and foretold all
,t",,-
evil which in the sequel befel you, but as I had not „
the power to do you any good, I retired with my charscl
intact, and made my resignation serve as a protest against e'
those proceedings which did you any harm. It is, thereit-Oe'
I repeat, that in the war which you then waged with in°.
sion and revolution, you. were not vanquished ; yeti were n,e'ci
trayed. It is now time to regain, by your own loyalty :Jo(
bravery, what you lost by the treachery and imbeeitits,
others. You have mils to do, after a 1 pie of nineliYears3'ur7ed
at
your forefathers did after a lapse of sixty—whellactedesu• n
the
a foreign yoke, deposed a foreign King, and 13
throne the native and legitimate Braganza.
thaAtrsrota,
nthdaernd, awnhdihchasfiternsttosytahseusntafunrdlaerddao.goisutr
the ancestor,io;r3(bsl9f
the founder of your monarchy; that standard wkieravtion
guided the way, as a volant beacon, to oriental navit, in
that standard which so lately, in Portugal, in Spain, %jog-
France, so frequently triumphed over the hosts of 75ki,?,1):.,0n
But you are not called upon to rally around it in fordo be
account of the dangers to be braved, and the obstacis:gas
surmounted; for to vanquish a weak and spurious ""fji be
ment, continually haunted by fear, but little force W-rs- eS3
required. You are called upon to prove, by your haw heels
to arm, that,the state of political feeling in Portugal 113:;',
grossly misrepresented. You are also called upon t"-ts-';'11-
by your energy in the field, that the character of the s finally-r
guese Royalists has been foully calumniated ; and,
si bell
you are called upon to join in the enterprise, that nli„-A. Jiro
may give to it the grandeur of nationality; and, above its
that as many as possible may share in the glory' °
success. etolf
Portuguese—lt is not to my voice alone that 3T core
listen ; you listen also to the voice of your dethrone" "
reign, who speaks to you from his exile.
The General-in-Chief and Military Director,
REGINALD MACDONN-c"'
Long live the King Don Miguel I.

Ispr
We have been apprised of the fact of a notn,,,"; pro-
associations having lately started in the suburbs, i" °via,
moters of which profess to afford servants and others ovivos
in the subordinate ranks of society all the security ofseester
banks, with a much larger rate of interest than these loch
lishments pay. In one or two cases it is stated that as
A 11.111;
as five per cent. is allowed for moneys paid in and
character of savings' bank business being
depositing is permitted by the managers to withdraw,,e opal
assurn'ed. the it)'..oe I
time, sums from 1/. to 51. Ha larger demand is DinAtieboula
the establishment, proper notice must be given; g,n";„s oeci
it extend to a greater amount than 251, three months of iti"
as the date of repayment. it is not alone the high rate,oef
terest proffered on these dep,Ats, which in ordinary
sittc
transactions is not considered indicating a safe basis of
st
but-04er
that has excited suspicion of theassociations, but the ervatit•
fact, that in one particular instance several poor %god;
girls who had so disposed of their savings have eXPer the
considerable difficulty in getting them returned whento
have applied for them. The greatest caution "dghbtle
exercised on the part of persons who with comrnee
! b incomei
jc
dence seek means of increasirg the surplus of their
by laying it out at interest, in selectieg a sayitignt,,ed sir.
which is really known to be uuder the manageme ; nsac
perintendence of trustees and others who have not of tr,o
in view the desire of profit as the security and sntlechriqlf
earnings of the poorer classes of the community.. 00,5015,
with a lower rate of inter-st, like an investment In `-'0,6 to
will be found in the long run much more advantefieintorest
the depositor than the prospect of a high rate oLcinta...o.
accompanied by the uncertainty of a return of Prl"
Times.

ret
te-
rd.
lea

At,
Va-
bra

IMPE T Al, PARLIAMENT.
lifkush-. OF f-i-T "-I OA S. August 19
The 6
~;.1t the Chnir u'Ojel-r•

Sir bN.I ALL DEBTS BILL.
p 4I"4,—PAKINGTO:.•": presented is petition from
ershore. 4'v..reegters7lire. in favour this Bill.
ALLHALLOWS (NORTHAMPTON) II `.'HES.,
0 rk The L.,rds,
ante_ timetit, !t, this BM Were agreed to
LASTthe, tri.,titin td. Mr P. M. STEWAR P.
AST AND WEST INDIA DOCK AND BIR.
StINGHAM JUNCTION RAILWAY BILL.
Thg'
a Lords' aireenalnd e ts to this, Bill were also
grto.

THIRD READINGS.
113 end's Estate B 0, Far quharson's Divorce WI, Hum
Were
"}s Div Tee Bill anti Sir R. Philipps' Estate Bill.
all read a third time anti pissed.
it, MEDICAL PBACTITIONtai' BILL.
seZr• W KLEY presented petitions from Bristol and
al Other places in favour oft his Bill.
tirr
effeet.fu'rea
`rI.ES also presented a petition to the same
Hereford.
DISEASED POTATOES. •
endaPtatn LAYARI) presented petitions from Mayo_
Cavan, stating that the disease had got such a head
unless relic t was immediately given to the people,
lnost terrible distres4 must prevail.
)ittr Tr , PEACE.
Ps • ••••• E4RKELEY presented one petition from the
e Society and Anti-war Society.
,-, CHIEF JUSTICESHIP OF BOMBAY.
the orders of the day being read,
ex"ettl GEORGE BENTINCK begged to make an
fustpanation extremely painful to his feelings. He had
sled yesterday that in the appointment of the Chief
"stice of Bombay there had been a jobbing barter of
treoa_
ge between Lord Lyndhurst and the Earl of
tah•:". He Lad made that statement on the represen-
i) ;feu of a gentleman of the highest authority in his
irression—he had made it on a voluntary statement
°to 11.4 that gentleman, who had seen the notice which he
c_, put on the paper for yesterday. That gentleman
s.saa made a detailed statement of the facts of this case,
ii-serte of which, with respect to the living of Knocton,
'new to be true. He had• stated that it was agreed
eat the patronage of the living of Knockton should be
'Placd in the -hands of the Earl of Ripon by the
441 Chancellor. Judge, then, his amazement
alls„
h on referring to a clergy list last night,
1,0 found, to his utter astonishment, that the living of
at was not in the gift of the Lord Chancellor
,1` Cf. On discovering this, he thought it his
.1143' to come down to the House, and before the
,l'utitry, as publicly as he had made the charge, to
'etraet it.—(Cheers.) If he had for one hour given
Pahl to those two Noble Lords he most deeply regretted
it' and if they desired any satisfaction for the injury he
_atcl.iiiilicted, they had it amply in the deep humiliation
'kola he now suffered.—(Loud cheers.)
BILL.
gollciirtdo:L4,;A thSeE dSmmittee, D)
ay(lbßeiEnLgAnNowread for the House
Sig
been dist* ,T„2.II.,GUSON objected, as the Bill had only
Mr. LrA:ll‘,-,.11: that morning.
too in tb `-',",IiCHERE explained, that the only alters-
lath was in one clause, which gave a greater
u ° to the
,enant.
sisi4LL DEBTS COURTS, SALARIES OF
This B. (IPFICERS (IRELAND), BILL.
to be went through Committee, and was ordered
reported to-morrow.
l, INCOME-TAX DEDUC rION BILL.
-"Lull till Was read a third time and passtd.
The NT NEW ZEALAND.
Port,a -ea• Zealand Loan Act Amendment Bill was re-
. 42 and ,PerQrl til he rt,arl a third time to-morrow.
hi, toCONSOLIDATED FUND BILL.
coito,i„ A"1 Was read a second time, and ordered to be
to-morrow.
",,LiC WORKS (IRELAND) BILL, No. 4.
to 8 °ill was read a second time, and ordered to be
tatn'tts t •
PU111.417-rnrrew
, This WORKS (IRELAND)
t) BILL, No. 5.
c) was also read a second time, and ordered o
!omitted to-morrnw.
ThiPs°„ EMPLOYMENT (IRELAND) BILL.
°e e 'id was als,-) read a second time, au I ordered to
to. morrow.
Oo STA B U f4A (IRELAND) BILL.
fir he re,
1/"ti-m that this Bill tie read a se_mnd time,
f.
t
'• 9Net/MBE ol‘jecod to the Bill, as being of
r•
and coercive character.
aeter RLTCHERE denied that such was its cha-
-140,e • I W
ce -a5 not coercive. but a means of securing
s c';..ect
tually the peace of Ireland. Its main feature
istabvi;l a Power to the authorities to increase the
quire, thary force by 200 men, as occasion might re-
"ttar " u NCOMBE was not satisfied with this ex-
powe a on, _s
a in !whin.; into the Bill he found that a
icerea:as vested in the Lord Lieutenant, not only to
tlistopit'e 316 force by 200 men, but in certain cases, in
stabw disturb districts, to an unlimited extent. The con-
-14 wits, in fact, a portion of the standing army of
rot ir-..sry, and the object of it appeared to be to over-
ItightPnbuld with police. He did not believe that the
the
he 7,..°1- Gentleman perceived the effect of the law,
theDunsombe) should move, therefore, that
erderlt, be read a second time on this day week, in
>ilri„.ri've time for consideration.
It was. on't.G°TT defended the Bill, and contended that
gt the pre 48 just represented_ ; for the fact was, that
t.,0 illo,;•..eaeot time -Li had the power
atedi.to-r• the- Police force unlimitedly. During the
1.11
the co "'lll on the Coercion Bill, it was contended that
of the hotil.utY of
the othrer ice, av
Leitrim there was not a sufficient body
bah, that the military were required. On
and, as he it was asserted by those who opposed,
°llly an "'▪ ought. justly opposed, the Bill, that it was
to ,e additial of the police force which was required
-a, cure the peace of the county. The Bill gave the
er ofincreasing the force by a maximum n um be.r of2oo.
st ° were to be employed in any district in a disturbed
-ate h district was to pay their expenses during
th_.
heir employment in it. He believed that this would be
-" sufficient induc,ment to a searching inquiry as to
Whether
the men were necessary or not.
that R. FERGUSON supported the Bill, and asserted
at the Lord-Lieutenant had an almost unlimited power_
Z-7_,,er the constabulary already. He would have rather,
oOever, that the Government had paid attention to the
relief and to the provisions for schools than to
-•"; subject in the first instance.
I, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER thought
It:Nculd be better to consider the details of the measure
I,llert they discussed the several clauses in Committee.
only rkual Principle of this Bill was to increase the force
b.jta°7 200 men, who were only to be employed in dis-
it for which their assistance was requested.
ooxbr; BROTHERTON thought that great caution
or th tc be observed before they increased the expense
„_ta force
Sttlmr, •
NTZ quite agreed with the Hon. Member for
tste•—d. for it should be recollected that when people
40 money from Government they were not quite
that‘,4,"3' to give it up. It might be all very well to say
but ;Lue Government would not misapply the money,
Trpat't Governme•tt m;ght not always occupy the
i'lisilow-11-q•Ythbc•nchPs, nd who was to say that those who
• would not do so
14' arri:()lt AC DONALD here proposed that the debate
Ilirl,4lM.
he thot;,,O)IINCOMBE would second that motion, for
v ht to be taken to pre-
ent c.,at every means ought
cnntrtio e Lord-Lieutenant obtaining these great and
The 41! Powers.
tigtzeet":"..'°'o was about to divide, when Mr. MUNTZ
matter 11 that the Government should compromise the
Stranuut the proposition was declined.
ateerkfm-ers were then ordered to withdraw, but the
The Was Was negatived without a division.
Gesi n-arPriiorts on the Cnstoins Duties .and the New.
TjYr.- `x"ernment Bills were then read and received.
Tit RES commuTATIoN (IRELAND) BILL.
e Rouse then went. into Committee on the Tithes
Trt4tion (Ireland) Bill.
clauses havibg been agreed to, the House re-
por-tP"' and the Chairman reported progress; the re-
th• - was received, and the Bill ordered to be read a
lrd time to-morrow.
NEW MBR.
Mr- Sblrritwicx took the EoathsE and his seat for the
City of Kilkenny.

THE ROYAL NAVY.
the l
Sir DE LACY EVANS moved that, in reference to
be ong retarded measure now at length on the point of
ing granted, with a view to the efficiency of the su-
perior ranks of the navy justly due'to their great and
r
inentlyvaluable national services, and which
have the effect of giving
:dsvoancement to all the junior ranks,
an humble address be presented to her Majesty,
Praying that comparison may at the same time be insti-
tuted into the relative claims of the old war officers of
the army, of various ranks, for such analogous measure
Its may with equal reason be expected for their equally
faithful and devoted performance of duty to her Majesty
Lind the State. He also brought to the notice of the
/louse the long disappointed claims of the surviving
veterans of Trafalgar and the Peninsula, to a medal
commemorative of their presence in those conflicts—
respecting which their hopes had been strength-
ned and renewed by so many of their junior
foeulrades having been recently and similarly rewarded
Thy actions not more arduous nor more glorious.
tels° Was no other profession in .the country so heavy
Inn:: for the benefit of the State as the army. For
tee the system of selling out was established for
hai'
purpose of absolving the Government from pro-
dis ng retiring pensions, and in his opinion it was a
abngrlo,ee to the nation, and ought therefore to be
in "ii,lsned•—(Hear, hear.) Before an officer of the line
,Infantry could obtain 1,0001. a year, he had to
r`nn some 10,000/. or 12,0001, and all this money
..en
r the State.—(Hear, hear.) Now was this fair
(Ita-nt."" Why, while the officer was waiting for the
eil;;, the 10,000/. or 12,0001. might have e.c-
of inelated to 20,0001. or 30,000/, and instead
'flg a gainer he was a loser by his advancemept.—
ihi;ar, hear.) Now it was the House that sanctioned
v url,Y,stern, and while they were making alterations fa-
it°Tl 'able to navy officers, they ought at least to grant
arn;bnquiry into the grivances which the officers in the
all unanimously complained ,
Goof.—(Hear hear.) tt
to ;v'tlts he said it was unfair of a liberal vernTend
the (Ihn,stinue so exorbitant a system, and he entertained
ge,ni."Pe that at no far distant day it would be entirely
t tehefi.—(eries of “Hear, *hear.") He hoped
at the Noble Lord at the head of the Govern-
mentvr 1,
ci see the ustica or concurring in his
the 4 he Hon. Member concluded by moving that
„,
e, ()use, ou Wednesday next, resolve itself into a
4raittQe to consider the propriety of adopting an ad-
h'r Majesty on this subject.
the gne.t;nn having been ,ut,
JAMv RUSSELL slid th the Commander-in-
unxious that the old system should be Con-
-1"e Ir:sited that the Hou. Member would n..t
'8 in,
-113 lld EVA:NS explained.
PSid IL Was opposed to the motion. No country
such liberal remuneration to its soldiers as England,

and we might dispense with the greater portion of our

army.
Captain PECHELL hoped that the Gallant Of6Cer
Would not be .taunted in his course by the observations
which had been made by the [lon. Member for Montrose,
and that in the in.x: sessi..a he wonhi be able to con-
virce that Tloa. Member of the necessity of such reforms
as he had pointed out.
Cap.an CA RNEG IF, spoke in favour of the motion.
Captain LATARD said that great reforms_ wer., ne-
cessary in thn army, and contended that no skill or assi-
duity could possibly obtain promotion in the army,
and would advise any gentleman upon no account 4.0 send
his on to tile service, unless he had great interest or a
large fortune, and he felt convinced that some change
would be made before lone. He was sorry to hear
from the Government that no measures were intend, d
to be brought forward to remove this great and crying
evil. He thought the public would not long endure that
their regiments should be entrusted to the command of
young and inexperienced officers, while the older officers
were passed over and neglected. He maintained also
that those officers who had done their duty so nobly for
the country should not be allowed to finish their honour-
able career unrewarded, and hoped that the period was
not far ,•ff when distang.e of time would not be considered
a bar to honour and promotion.
Colonel VERNER thought, as an old soldier, that
the Gallant Member who had brought this motion
forward deserved the best thanks of the army and of the
country for so doing. The subject of rewarding the
officers of the Peninsula had been before the
public some years since, but, as yet, that mea-
sure of justice had never been awarded to those
gallant officers. He hoped that, even at this late
period these officers would have some distinction
awarded to them while on earth, and which their
families might cherish when those who had earned and
deserved them were gone to their rest.
Colonel REID was sorry to hear that the Govern-
ment were not prepared to concede to the motion of the
Gallant Member for Westminster.
Mr. FOX MAULE said that the Noble Lord at the
head of the Government had not pledged himself in any
way in reference to the motion of the Hon. Member.
He (Mr. F. Maule) deprecated such a discussion in a
House like the present. His Hon. Friend had desig-
nated the system of purchase as a bad one, and though
in some respects he might agree with him, still he could
not concur in such a sweeping condemnation. The
distribution of the patronage at the Horse
Guards had been frequently called in question
in that House, but he believed that it was
administered in as unexceptionable a manner as the
system world admit of. It was very natural to suppose
that there would be much individual dissatisfaction, as
the number of applications frequently exceeded the
number of vacancies that would be at the disposal of
Government for twenty years. The question of going
into Committee bad been so fully answered by his Noble
Friend at the head of the Government, that be would
not enter further into the question. With reference. to
the question of decorations and medals, he thought that
that subject should be left to the Government of the day,
and it was now too late, he thought, to bring the latter
part of the motion forward.
Sir DE LACY EVANS replied. He was of opinion
that the speech of the Noble Lord at the head of the
Government would not be satisfactory to the House or
the country. His Right Hon. Friend the Secretary-at-
War bad endeavoured to modify the speech of the Noble
Lord, by saying that he had not pledged himself in any
way to the motion, but this would not in his (Sir De L.
EvanN.'s)opinion satisfy either the army or the public, and
he would say, in conclusion, that if the 'Noble:Lord did not
take the subject into his consideration during the recess,
and bring forward a measure to place the army, with re-
gard to promotion, on the same footing as the navy, he
would bring the motion on again early next session.
The motion was then by leave withdrawn.
RAILWAY BOARD.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER moved
for leave to bring in a Bill to authorise the
appointment of a railway department. The Bill
was founded upon the resolutions which had been re
cently come to by both Houses of Parliament. Its object
was to constitute a board for the regulation of all mat-
ters relating to railways ; and as the common consent of
both Houses was necessary to appoint it, the present
13111 was introduced for that purpose. He would
now briefly state its previsions. It was first pro
posed that a board should be appointed, consistine
or five individuals—a president, who should be more or
less connected with the Government; two paid inemb->rs
not connected with the Government; and two uepaid
members connected with the Governm• nt. The reason
why two of the commissioners were proposed to he
connected with the Government was, that there should
be a Member in either House ready at all times to
answer questions that might be put relative to rail-
wa% s. It was then proposed to enable them to have
transferred to their control the whale of the
business, officers, clerks, &c., at present in
connexion with the railway department of the Board of
Trade. It was also intended to impose upon them the
duty of seeing that all railways at present existing
should strictly comply with the provisions of their re-
spective Bills. There was a clause also to enable the
Board to carry on any inquiry which might be referred
to them by either House of Parliament, and to suggest
to the House what course might be most expedient to
adopt in reference to railway business in general.
There was one subject which, thought not part of this
Bill, he thought it would be desirable to revise
during the recess—he meant the standing orders of that
House relating to railways. One thing in particular he
thought should be considered—whether a longer
time should not be allowed to elapse between
the. first proposal to construct a railway
and the bringing the Bill before the con-
sideration of Parliament, so as to afford time to
make such inquiries as might be deemed necessary,
during the interval. He had now briefly ex-
plained the nature of the Bill, and he was sure there
would be no objection to a measure which -all must see
to be imperatively necessary in the present state of the
railway business of the country.
Leave was then given to bring in the Bill.
Mr. MORRISON thought there ought to be some-
thing more than the mere transference of the present
powers of the Board of Trade to the Commissioners, to
do any amount of good. He wished to know if the
proposed Board would have the power to send for
papers and records, because, without this, little good
could be done?
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said
that subject had not been considered by the Govern-
ment, but it would be, and an answer would be given in
the next stage of the Bill.
Mr. GREENE briefly supported the course proposed.
Mr. P. BORTHWICK thought the Bill proposed was
a step in the right direction, only he considered the
powers should be much more extended than they were
I proposed to be.
After a few observations from Mr. MORRIS,

------
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, in
answer to what some Hon. Members had said, intimated
that the Government only proposed now that which the
whole House might consent to, and with regard to more
extensive powers, the whole subject would be fully dis-
cussed and considered in next session of Parliament.
Leave was then given to bring in the Bill.
The Bill was then brought in, al,d read a first time,
and ordered to he read a second time to-morrow.
HOUSE OF KEYS, ISLE OF MAN.

Dr. BOWRING moved for the correspondence, or'
extracts of correspondence, respecting the appointment
of Colonel James Campbell to the House of Keys, in the
Isle of Man, with copies of the warrant levying a fine
for his refusing to serve, and his protest thereupon.

Agreed to.
The other orders of the day were then disposed of,
and the House adjourned at a Quarter to Four o'clock.

IRISH PROVISIONS.—The importati,ms of provisions
of v triou3 descriptions from the principal Irish ports into the
port of Liverpool during the past week. being from the 31st
of Jtuy to the 6th instant exclusive, consisted of the follow-
ing articles, viz.:-6.743 firkins, 243 halt firkins, 1,236 bas-
kets, casks, Bc, and 84 boxes of butter; 628 sacks of flour;
61 sacks, 380 quarters, 89 tons weigl.t, and 1,220 barrels of
oats; 106 tons weight, 258 biig3, and 154 other packages of
oatmeal; 124 sacks and 24 tons weight of barley; 55 sacks
of malt, 182 packages of bacon, 23tit barrels of pork, 575
packages of linens and cottons, 372 sacks of farina flour, 32
barrels of general provisions, 65 bags of malt, and numerous
packages of beef, whiskey, seed, lard, hams, and various
(Abet articles. In the same period the following is a corn
atici etepr,rifnrocrinpatlh
eansadme mostgtia noticeablerterpatt
he arrivalsportof of
sPiemnlaiurmchoatr.
Lon-
don:o—f lh,alins9s.b3o.xse2s6of salmon, 1,377 boxes of eggs, "56 ham-
perspackages of bacon,c9h'le7esisackla3gie4;i4ofbolard,
418 of malt, 848 casks of porter, 100
and other packages of butter, 822 packages 'of Pork, 2,4;
barrels and 8,707 quarters of oats, and 124 pigs, in addition
to 637 bales of paper, and various other articles of food of
minor importance, and
of merchandise of too numerous and
general a character to be further enumerated or specifically
mentioned.
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.—CHATHAM, AUGUST 13.
—Yesterday evening a detachment, consisting of 2 corporals
and 29 privates, with 5 women and 14 children, of the 99th
Regiment, under command of Adjutant Rupert Barber Deer-
ing, of the 99th, arrived at the Invalid Depot from Graves-
end, at which place they disembarked from the ship Templar,
Captain Brown, from New South Wales. Most of the men
were wounded in the late engagement with the New Zea-
landers. Some were required to be taken into the hospital
at Fort Pitt, and the remainder were removed to St. Mary's
Barracks, Brompton. Lieutenant R. 0. F. Steward, of the
11th Regiment, came home in the ship, as also a detachment
of the 27th Regiment, consisting of 1 sergeant, 1 corporal,
and 10 privates. This latter detachment left the Cape of
Good Hope as a convict guard, with convicts for Hobart
Town, and at the time of their embarkation the 27th were
under orders to proceed to Englhnd ; but owing to the re-
cent outbreak with the Kaffirs the regiment has been de-
tained, and the detachment was removed from Hobart
Town to New South Wales, where it embarked with the
99th for England on the 20th of April, in the expectation of
meeting with their regiment at Chatham. One woman and
five children came home with the 27th. .

-----
GREAT SWIMMING MATCH FOR 201. AND THE
CHAMPIONSHIP.—On Monday evening Pewters (the London)
and Roberson (the Oxford) champions, decided their claims
to swimming superiority between Blackfriars and Vauxhall
Bridges, and after a very admirable contest, the Londoner
won. His opponent gave up at Westminster-bridge.
SUMS BORROWED UNDER THE POOR-LAW.—It ap-
pears by a return just laid on the table of the House of
Lords, that the total amount of money borrowed under the
provisions of the Poor-law Amendment Act, in the unions
compris,d in the account of the populatirn of unions (or-
dered to be printed 22d of May, 1837) has been as follows :-
483,1211, borrowed for buildings, alterations, &c., of work•
houses ; 14,5941.1 borrowed for any other purpose," making
a grand to.al of 494,715/. borrowed altogether. The total
sums expended by the said unions on account of legal pro-
ceedings relative to the settlement of poor persons during
the Years 1836, 1837. and 1818, were respectively 5,9211.,
4,9471., and 4.4151. Pie average annual expenditure of the
ears 1833, 1834. 183.5, on account of Ruth proceedings in
parishes cornuri,ed in the same unions for the three years
prior to the formation thereof. was 9,62:3/.
CESf-lON F 3, ,31 THE CHURCH.—Dr Duke, t,f
lady, and all the members of his timily,
conformed to the Roman
chliaa.cutorid'il‘igiir' Church.n.‘gvitth hishelast few daTh

MILITARY FLOGGING.

Yesterday afternoon, a meeting was held at Exeter
Hall, in order to consider the best means of obtaining
the :abolition Of the system of military torture now prac-
tised in the army; Thomas Wakley, Esq., M.P., in*the
chair. _ _

The meeting Wl3 very numerously and respectably at-
tended, and betore the arrival of the chairman on the
platform. a number of soldiers of the Grenadier Guards,
who entered the Hall, were vociferously cheered.
Mr. WAILLEY said, the gratification he derived from
being betore the meeting and presiding on such an 9eca-
sion, was greater, they could readily h.lieve Jim, than
he was able to express, because that was an occasion
which was honourable to the humane feelings. of the na-
tion—it was one whiel was honourable to hurtym nature.
and it was peculiarly gratifying in consequence of a re-
.cent occurrence. The bond of unioa which cemented
that meeting on that occasion was sympathy for their
suffering fellow-creatures. They believed that acts of
injustice and cruelty were perpetrated in the name of
what was called discipline, and, entertaining that belief,
they were there to express th 4r op'nion in d'a;ent from it.
If the authorities who had so long advocated that system
of cruelty with reference to the army and the navy, had
but duly reflected on what might have been done by a more
humane system of treatment, in all probability that
meeting would not have been then assembled; but the
authorities seeme] to have forgotten that those who took
situations in the army and navy, when they took their
offs-es, did not cease to be human beings, and were ani-
mated by human sentiments. If they believed. for
example, that the soldier and the sailor possessed the
same feelings which they themselves entertained,
and could be actuated by, the same motives, they would
not for so long a period have consented and have desired
to inflict upon them a punishment now not employed
even upon the brute creation. In the present advance-
ment of knowledge, and the improvement of moral feel-

ings, this savage system of punishment was giving way,
and was made to yield to the force of moral feelings
which an improved system of education had produced on
this country. But there were officers who constantly
exclaimed that no discipline could be maintained in the
army unless the power of inflicting the lash were re-
tained, and unless that infliction every now and then
took place; but when they were asked if they did not
believe that if another system were adopted—a system of
rewards instead of a system of punishment—it would
serve the same end—they had not replied to it; they had
no way of argument; but they turned upon their heels
and exclaimed that they did not believe in the efficiency
of sach a system, and that they rejoiced in having that
atrocious power in their hands—the power of inflicting
punishment upon their fellow-creatures, who were cer-
tainly equally as honourable with
,themselves—(Loud

.
cheeis)—equally as just, and equally as sensitive as
themselves. The voice of the British nation had been

raised against this atrocious cruelty. It was branded
and stigmatised—it was cendemned, hated, and despised,
from one extremity of the kingdom to the other. Who
was there,he would ask who dare to say that such iniquity
should continue? The voice of the public would be
omnipotent in this cause, as it had been in every other
cause in which it had been recently expressed—(lm-
mouse cheering)—and he felt assured that the day of
flogging, if it had not ceased; was, at all events, near the
approach of its termination. The pretence had
hitherto been raised, in consequence of igno •
ranee cr otherwise, That there was no danger
to human life in flogging; but experience—not only

recent experience—but experience of remote times-L
had proved indisputably that it was not only dangerous
to life, hut that it had killed—and killed again and

again ; and he was sorry to be compelled to express the
opinion that it had heen enforced with the knowledge
that it had been fatal to human Ha. From circumstances

which he was unable toexplab, that circumstance had

been kept back from public consideration Now, 11!w-
-ever, it wag universally known, and no longer could it
be said, when -am unfi,rrunate soldier or sailor was sen-

tinted to have his Lack lashed with that infernal ma-
chine, the cat-'n-nine-tails, that the inflieti in could be
made withunt danger to human life. Why, they were
told that a surgeon should examine the body of the-un-
fortunate culprit before his punishment was inflicted,
and that he should determine what amount of suffering a

low-creature should be enabled to bear before life, was

in danger. For such a stltement to be made in a civilised
country was in itself a miracle. Good God, let them
only conceive that a man should be .required to test
beforehand .the capabilities of endurance of a human
bein,t—that he should gauge the strength of the human

body—that he should-be-requirt.d to ascertain by the
application of his•seientifc skill what amount of suffer-
ing, what qua►aity of pain could be endured by a fellow
creature before his life was put in danger. It was an
insult to the profession to which he had the
honour to belong.—(lmmense cheering.) If he were

It the army, whatever might be his prosp ct or

degradation:-Punishment—poverty—or deprivation—
his answer would be, that he would not be
answerable for the consequences of one single lash.—
(Enthusiastic applause.) He would—when the unhappy
being under the lash had received one—he would tell
the commanding officer, standing by, in as stern a voice
as he could, that he would not be answerable for the
second. Oh, there was something in it which was in
itself so distrusting, and so repulsive, that it was difficult
to speak about it with common feeling or patience. He
would ask, did the soldier, when he became such, did he
eease to be a citizen—did he cease to enjoy the civil
rights which other men possessed ? They were suffi-

ciently ready to laud the soldier when they believed that
he had protected them from danger. The soldier who

risked his life in their cause aid for very bad pay—
(Cheers)—who was kept in a state of constant suffering
—who was under his general, colonel-major, captain,

lieutenant, ensign, sergeant, and coporalw; and if he
did not appear a very humble man, and extremely sub-
missive before all persons, he became a marked man,
anal it was indicated to him that before long the farrier
should become his intimate acquaintance. Yes, even if
a poor fellow in a mistake were to call out to his superior
officer "hallo." the chances were that in a fow days he
would find himself with a scored back; he would find
that he had been lacerated and torn, and that his life
had been endangered. Now was it believed, or could it
be believed by persons in authority, that the English
people would endure such a state of things?—(Cries of
" Never, never.") Now that their minds mere direct
to the subject, and had become acquainted with all these
cruelties—now that the fiat of public opinion had been
launched against it—those who admitted it to continue
would be marked and stigmatised as being as
bad as the system itself. But for a moment, leaving out
the question of the physical suffering, and the danger to
th physical constitution, were they to forget what were
its elects, and what might be its influence on the moral
eon lition of the man ? Why, they might increase the
nu .oer of lashes, if that were only concerned ; but let
the i picture to themselves an unfortunate man brought
ins .e a square, before hundreds of comrades ; he saw
be' •re him the halberts, or a ladder nailed to the side of
a h ruse ; he had to strip or be stripped, and to walk to
L,,.e ladder or the halberts, and there to be tied hand and
root, with his limbs stretched to their utmost extent, in
order that he might not exhibit what was the amount of
agony and suffering he endured. He said, let them pic-
ture to themselves a man placed on that rack of 1846
(Loud cheers)—for he called it what it well deserved to
+.e called—it was a rack ; and tell him did they send

from that place a man evith an unbroken spirit, or an un-
..uhdued mind—a man who did not feel himself degraded
down to tne lowest point of human degradation ? Tell
him if that man afterwards was ever likely to be a good
soldier, or to raise his head as an honest and independent
man ?—(Cheers.) He questioned if the moral degrada-
don were not worse even than the physical punishment ;
and he questioned whether its eff ,cts on all that was
valuable in a man, were 11,4 calculated to hinder him
from being a good member of society, to make him a
good soldier, a god brother, or a good friend. And was
not this effect iofiniiely worse than the danger to his life,
or the torture of th physical infliction ? and if that were
the case, how could the punishment be justified? And for

what offences was this punishment inflicted? He was
not acquainted with the military code, and therefore be
would not attempt to name it, but circumstances which
had come to his knowledge induced him to think and to
believe .that it was inflicted for the most trifling and
pardonable offences—for the most pardonable of
their fellow-creatures had suffered this horrible and un-
endurable torture. But returning to the physical con-
stitution—was there any person in that meeting so in-
experienced as not to know that the most trifling wound
would sometimes occasion death—a wound that occa-
sioned the most trifling inconvenience, and that only for
a moment, and, as far as the individual suffering was
concerned, did not require any description of medical
treatment? There were peculiarities in certain consti-
tutions which rendered wounds dangerous, and no skill
or sagacity of the surgeon could discover them. A
slight scratch of the sk n might produce erysipelas and
death; a trifling injury to the extremity of the finger

might produce lock jaw and death; the cutting of a
nail too closely to the skin had frequently produced
death; and the cutting of a corn too closely had also
produced death; but it was laid down as a rule that
lacerating, cutting, scoring, pounding, and mincing the
back of a human being would not produce death ; and
some even spoke of it as not a disagreeable operation.
He must confess •he should like to see it tried on the
backs of those parties; and, further—medically speak•
ing—it was his opinion that they richly deserved the
operation.— (Cheers.) But, to make another appeal to the
English public, why were the authorities unjust to
the officers? and he wished to speak of them as favour-
ably as possible, but, in his opinion, that which was
beneficial to the men ought to be applied to the officers.
—(Cheers.) It was a great injustice to withhold it from
them.—(Cheers and laughter.) If the practice were so
good for discipline, and so effectual for the promotion of
pure morals, then the young officers bad reason to com-
plain that they had not had the benefit of it. From
what he had heard, it would occasionally be advan-
tageous to them; and in any case they should have that
themselves which they advocated with reference to
their men. If it were good for the men it would be good
for the officers. If it ought to be applied to " the men,"
were not the officers men.—(A voice—" No, some of
them are boys.") He always heard the expression
" officers and men," and never " officers and privates."
If it were good. for the men it was good for the officers
unless the officers would wish to indicate that they were
not men ; and he must say that, if they continued the
practice of flogging, they were men who certainly would
not be much admired. He heard it stated, only a few
days since, in argument, in a different place, that the
chances were that the men would shoot their officers in
battle if this punishment were not retained, and even in
a less degree occ *sionally used. What did they think
of the privates ? Did they think that a private had such
a peculiarity of human feeling that he was a man likely
to shoot his officers if his officers did nit flog him. There
was something so curious in the logic of that argument
that he had ftited to comprehend it. In his own prac-
tice, during lite, ho had found that if he treated men
as they ought to be treated—if he treated them as beings
possessing the same feelings as himself—having the
same origin—and beirkg endowed with the qualities pe-