The Sun.
London, England, 1841-12-27 00:00:00

those who, in 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, positively
refused to take their case into consideration, now
to admit that it must be considered. They have
gained a great advantage ; let them but perse-
vere—scouting Mr. CHRISTOPHER'S scheme as it
deserves, though something like it has been pa-
tronized by the Globe, and is said to be favoured
by the Whigs, and they will achieve a complete
victory for themselves, for humanity, and for their
country. In the admission that the present law
must be altered, to put an end to reckless agi-
tation, lies a confession, that total repeal must
be speedily granted.

Some of the promoters of systematic emigra-
tion now and then use phrases which allow us to
see deeper into their scheme than they are aware
of. Speaking of a proper Government for the
Colonies, and discussing the means of supplying
such a Government with money to carry on its
operations, by means of a revenue raised by in-
creasing the price of land, the Colonial Gazette
objects to it, that it might prolong the " term
of the labouring settler's servitude." Such a
phrase admits, therefore, that the labouring
settlers are to go out to those new Colonies, of
which capitalists at home buy the land, to a con-
dition of servitude. The Government, of whom
the capitalists buy the land, comes by the sale
under an obligation to compel those labourers
who are carried out to the colony, and by whose
labours alone the land is made valuable, to
remain in the capitalists' service, or, as the
Colonial Gazette expresses it, in a state of ser-
vitude, till the capitalist has been amply repaid
for his advances. The systematic system of
emigration, therefore, is a systematic extension
of a system of servitude, by which other colo-
nies are to be made to rise rapidly into wealth,
as the colony of New South Wales was made by
a system of convict labour, at the expense of the
freedom, prosperity, and dignity of the labour-
ing classes.
Such a scheme implies a coercive system of
Government, and accordingly the same journal,
far from allowing the colonists to govern them-
selves, as in the olden time, which men in a
state of servitude cannot do, proposes that a Go-
vernment should be established tbr each colony,
and that a "good efficient staff of governors"
should be given to it, to be paid at some time or
other out of the slave-labourers' produce. What
a delightful device for those who hover about
the Colonial-office seeking for snug births in

these governmental staffs ! Scores of the younger
sons and dependents of the nobility might be at
once provided for by borrowing a large sum to
transport the half-starved English labourers to
this newly found out condition of quasi slavery
in new colonies. Public opinion having set in

strongly against carrying off the blacks from
Africa to America, the English are to be enticed
abroad, and there kept in servitude, as their re-
mote ancestors were at Rome.

Between the Tories and the Radicals, who are
smitten with the emigration mania, there is a
considerable agreement. Both advocate a " grand
and statesmanlike plan of emigration," to quote
the words of the John Bull, or would " apportion
labour and capital to land," to use the language of
a so-called Liberal Journal. One is anxious to
establish in every colony " an epitome of the Bri-
tish Constitution in Church and State ;" the other,

to have an efficient Government, staff and all, ap-
pointed by the Colonial Minister. If one propose
a large land fund for all kinds of purposes,
another would ingraft the system of tithes on the
new colonies. Both agree in perpetuating in
them the system under which this country is at
psesent groaning in agony and anguish.
We do not make such remarks exclusively in
the interest of the labouring classes. The inte-
rest of all is identical. It is for the advantage of
the aristocratic and opulent classes to lighten
and lessen, by all possible means, the servitude
and degradation of the labouring classes. No
condition of society is so truly immoral and truly
unhappy, because for ever filled with alarm, as
that of a few masters surrounded by discon-
tented slaves. Every approximation to such a
condition of society is an approach to moral dis-
ease, which ought to be avoided like a pestilence.

We have recorded the fact of an American
vessel, employed apparently in transporting slaves
from one part of the Union to another, having
Ibeen seized by the slaves, who murdered their
owner, and carried the vessel into a British
colony. That is an extreme example of the
consequences of the terrible condition of society
which unhappily prevails in the United States.
We feel alarmed for them, with their millions 1
of slaves ; but when we look closely at home,
and see the congregated masses of our towns,
and the scattered peasantry of the country
almost destitute of the means of subsistence, we
cannot avoid feeling some alarm for England
too. It would be, in our judgment, infinitely for
the advantage of the aristocracy and the
capitalists were they to abate somewhat
of their pretensions and demands, and were
to allow the masses to raise themselves to com-
parative ease and independence. The present
condition of England, which has for years past
excited the solicitude of the truest hearts and
most comprehensive minds, is, we think, as fear-
ful for the upper classes as it is miserable for the
working classes.

It cannot be denied that this condition of Eng-
land has arisen in conjunction with our constitu-
tion, if that have not caused it, as we think it has.
The servitude, or slavery, as Mr. BRIGHT, of
Rochdale, called it, of the working-classes, is ob-
viously a part of our constitution, and those who
advocate a grand and statesman-like scheme
of emigration, aim at propagating that condi-
tion of servitude. As such a condition is
equally injurious to the Mother Country and
the Colonies—as every approximation to a condi-
tion of slavery is to be avoided as alike pernicious
to all classes, making the master class even more
vicious than the slave class—we advocate getting
rid of slavery at home before the Government be
called on to engage in grand and comprehen-
sive schemes of emigration to adjust labour and
capital to land, in their due proportions, all over
the globe. To us that scheme seems the object
of creation, and probably the foredoomed result
of man's instincts, and not to he accomplished
by his will. It is the great end to which the

principle of population is hurrying forward the
human race; and it is rather the duty of men to
do justice, and love mercy, among one another,
than ambitiously to aim at forestalling the de-
signs of Providence.

Letters from Constantinople, of the Ist of De-
cember, announce the arrival there of Major
FARRANT, with despatches from Sir JOHN
M'NEIL, the British Ambassador at the Court
of Persia. The SHAH, finding that his efforts
to get rid of this Minister were quite unavailing,
changed his former conduct and received
him most graciously. To mark the good
will of the Government, the Commer-
cial Treaty with England so long pending, was
produced and signed, and will reach London for
ratification in a day or two. Some Kurdish ban-
ditti had plundered and slightly wounded two of
the attaches, Messrs. TODD and ABBOTT, but they
reached Tabreez without further accident. The
following is the latest news from the Circassian
coast :

Intelligence has been received by way of Trebizonfl,
of a victory gained by the Circassians over the Russians;
the most signal and decisive, it is said, that has oc-
curred since the beginning of the war. A large ex-
pedition, consisting of thirty thousand men, had
been disembarked on the coast, with a view of
destroying the grain, which had been collected by
the Circassians after the harvest, when a storm
having suddenly arisen drove the ships from their
anchorage. The Circassians, availing themselves of
the opportunity, assailed them fiercely on every side, and
the Russians separated from their stores, which had been
carried out to sea, were compelled to commence a disas-
trous retreat through a country consisting entirely of
mountain forest and defile. With the exception of two
thousand who escaped to Anapa, the whole of the thirty
thousand were killed or made prisoners ; such are the
accounts from Trebizond. Further details of this tre-
mendous disaster of the Russians are eagerly expected
here.

We have Madrid Papers of the 18th inst. M.
SALVANDY, the French Ambassador, and the
Spanish Government were not on the best
terms. His Excellency, before delivering his
credentials to the REGENT, demanded a pri=