The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-02 00:00:00

AIAGAZINE DAY.
ACK 000. • . _

We hava
such a 5',.., ~
For ' • '''.' attrti _
the ' i.-1-Zt 'ill TOI
-",.° t ''' "'' 11-(1 has:.'
''l,%l` •",I.l%hieles-ay to torn., Ela. ,ci his -10'14
I_,e reinatkde, not-so touch fur criticir.i.i4ii"o'n the pub-
o'iiiluns of the day as for original papers. and, above all,
ww'eorerdakni,ffi_nereaitnred diss t • - • 1), sing events; and though
gene'rral4tfiZ; ("nthe- 'spirit dki,..plafed in trio
Itita.,:_w_ eeertheless always find something interesting,
make or curiously extravagant' in the et ork,whie
ti cal 118 the more regret the total absence of all pole
.1(11 „
vh• "(niiir-ents on events more remarkable than any
I:'eli h4Vt. occurred for the last six,,een or seventeen,
1401::•ii.T.here is no excuse for this sileec. , ei'h7e(),: Yli'.!
I‘,. : ' r tom! or information. Li the last. nun
..,. t 10
LsAnation of Sir Robert POE' wel the a ts, ri,.. ,
km thJAR Russell wqre made ..:11bkct, ei" d'',l"-'''2l::
14e •-. ' di-il%SiOn was 'broken off ane-els• htf;:lll,,e 1 ...
risk " . . . .
h.., :vas still inv-,lved in mystery. That, 1-,,,vever,
... ben i , . -
-.. . - •v-. ieader has
()ten tidy cleared up—the Cons.ii,ati ,
pmt'skW rein'tayed—he 1e...s opened his hie1,,,,,-1. of s,,..‘cre.:so.,
liontni,444,e a display sufficient to shake the in,:u.t.i.etei,.,,,h
,i.• •.v.ry old Tory. We allude not ills 7.0%
,1
cote
sdaY, but to the disclosures made on ;le firs..nig.t t
% ses'inn both in the Queen's spot ch and 1.0 l• eft
40
dintuca' ions read by Lord John Rass.4l. Th4.s.: ii•;.r,i
disti:,lbt wha'ever of his intentions. They procia.lld.a.
tliltt the'Y that the class -f " rotoction" were eninber'. '
had 4., chat the
vt'ere domed ; that feel soil anss,ll
ktvere-4,iktd in tl.e sa- o boat, and that thc Torres
irthwl,'}i'alt leadef. Yet at ths eventful era,
(114,4 , the guardian of his Tory countrymen, t emel_n
,i)lats4av°e,Lste ..r aristDcratic doctrines, one of the , ./
enstin •-' "le Chureh and State, end the most vigotous
and
itieupti,44 a hal cause, remains silent as the LiTasre;
back,
qme Nproach of being a, " dumb dog„that cannote
the ; ee,l'ing. lying down. loving to slumber. We regret
for itir-801'.1.1t, however, only on the ground of amusemneonus,
for the ‘bier r...,,,
, v peets this dismal silcnee is very odmi_
treat n.:Oted class who have so long obstructe tvie.ray the In -"a"hal improvemeet, and adds another proof n..,
fact -°Pulists are " done for." The only allusions, i
a ' 41341 e tr.
-00r,,i the stirring events'of the day, is. in some
get a v,"ses, headed " A Peep into the Whig Penny
, o.ls''' 'of Whiell the subjoined extract is a sp, ci
Frorifet the Pin I have plated in this luckless transaction,
at the
fir, hack with innix'd satisfaction.
1114 St ee
--t't
I stdd this-- •nd 'tis pleasant to feel
Stick to
t,ise with one's self—' I'm fur total rep,al.
4,510ft,"t, tnY Lord John, and all scruples I stifle: illicv`le leer trine is to me a mere trifle ;'
Awas will:„"nrse, fly dear Mac, for the purest of ends,
b'v•-ay afa '"g to he both myself and my friends).
vitt th ee,l'll take that can give you relief-7 .r ,
1._°1,1 if elifiliP of the }Luse to Coinn-Ander-in-Chie .
sa ha, s",nf the party had acted as I did. „tat l'6,i'le a band would Lord John have presided!
shouldn't
. ~,reel ea,, [is b,,,t as it is:' w, may grieve, yet we
, .
ithau.git',o,,eserrY the. i.nea,are _
tbighti " fairly begun,
nPed, if our reign was once
'tie Certain we enulin t :
~,,I think ut till—sve aid what was not to be done.
~
T'vealion Plough thus leaving old views in the lurch),
i°Veakii" have establish'cithe Cat belie Church.
-hey for niv colleagues in me would be va9ity
..
I lu th
of differ; but I s'hould have thought it insanity.,
rtztline nope that our friends in Auld Reeky are ' brassy, 4,13.'°148, in confidence, T. B. Mae-7."
!or bat,tuird article on Marlborough, is like the rest,. full
riot,s rest, and atn'on other achievements of that ill.uhse-
utstu, encietaander, gives an excellent description of
St di
„°' Cadeearde. Bonaparte owed to him the. plan
the ',gardia
A,. 'vael _. C Strong fortresses, and marching direct to
'llt'r this on which the fate of the campaign
on the
allicti "a decided battle Marlborough urged
.up.
turned.
le4er 01)1).1111610f war the propriety of relinquishing all
1,4" adv„i,",ts, Passing the fortified towns on the. frontier,
',M he -17Ing straight towards the French capital; and
g0'w",,,,,1?-10,41':50hia,0,iaepa-rte, beenhisolermmyastenr, he would in
i the Bois de
(14i•re4;iteeN.Ve find nueoatmh rgd in the other articles that re-

'ber .se th

f •the 1`;

peers

pie?.eat interestjo

this nu

int Nit BENTLEY'Satid
L., originalit are the principal re 4eitt iit'llit_illy periodical, Yand in this particular thespine
6ltht 4411 r ef Bentley i...remarkably cisirtees.
pre-
this
,i'f.. lit" years since, when 13oz wasthfi
rvision
of th 4 Iseellany a biography, under the st'Pr Gri-
etiheente.ditor of .
raaidi t ilinati•lous bureourist—,a biography of -'
Rreat':lPPeared in two volumes, with a prima:o'er that
lured 111011-.. as
y, mere 'tuaJitiation never could have pl
..h..t.,;e•te...very reYaidero4l.). Dickens, 41)11iiir I ithp.--atnel in .t.e. sobriety of common-placevtay
f
'414 creator who could at all ae:Nlle
fell sh6rr of
the u 0•
that • h (much as i:
~
.1.
.geller , , . biography .
st,..m .ing
and thtehreeflirteereature
lefit,tuy al anticpation) and looked into the a •
oe
it:itetZsa.kof
.that portrait— possibly with the hope
long the work-
's orthie lurking piss of
1114 on the " graver„—of discgttyleertiyng"
the Yet out come-
eatteu for eross-hatching of a laugh.
same worn-
.114, a' yl°l. the Februar of 1646, with this
1..
clove of a
h-litlY--3:e-y•iiiiiityanti
amosYt terriblya tbhoauckgnbiend
caitx.enan.ei likeness 01,
hiett 4trilek the entrvepnreenis;ur of this
is
°tikitiai°, etag;:er th - public with somethillingix!vcae.nold,y:lrnr(u)ilrlyi
4 1(14 Atid then the impudent context of
ft 334 r.,cif r`lel salu with a it.bh 4 Tiartkr f it• sluts dacit ', ht le
• filled wit s a
,IyIN ! ,• o ,oppant au 3. .s
pea-shooter !
.one page
ut4ans.t_4'ally the conductor of thi pub,lication be
krieus."lr very extraordinary ctirAl• ssriess or th?.
ain.:•st
cllach "ureate iusuffioiency fur the trifling duty he li - to
lie soltry°;,arld we would recomm nd the proprietor +o
1'44,, i'ewQat more circumspect in his fu.9r
re
irli6e.4.llls. ',.Brien O'Linn' is continued with m • i
11, deity thtni heretofore, though its interest is marred
5r piet:7,si'.,ii"feri,,r etching by Leech, the first specimen
11qth clever.P`lver! artist"" bzwe yet witnessed in the stretches.rt
~._ at
,-P
ii,'it,ttails on the " -"eh `'
allows a chapter by Role
Guina. Trade "—feeble, but startling,
aits., he dim and wind ihapes that Rlimraer along
.tne
teernsiC
hvoteil,treln of a manic lantern. " -Gaming, Gaming
/1:4%Z w lathith?saarr
noaerse
°f research
pursued this
suTtli apart of the a riter, whose knowledge upon
research
hit di,ii,eet pvars neither second-hand nor meagre:
iery ei.,tires are frequently strange, and deservea
elie oPt7leral perusal. Arthur Dudley obliz,es; US with
toNist "e.Se prurient anti ei_hemeral something=, which
IP4 inazilinh.L.l'lPallY of gauze and rose leaves, and simpers,
•,eet in ---.^u, and everything that is faintest and SICK.
I%fF the fanci,.s or the Lye-sick ; things which .we
tork,,Ytt,but rashly imagined were becoming thoroughly
*lath li. • The particular species of c •mpositl
on n
Z4e ettil‘‘lei, ailed,: will be instantly compr, handed w hen
f►l, conitnencement of the s 1 ;
even,. sections of this
~'W h.,q-4 hullity, which is appropriately christened " The
ittlii°t--"itiquets ~ First, ~ The mists of evening were,
4tt°. 4"
I •
ho ;eas aboutivinymorning .
g , the birds were
4„hee li)!f")ie eveyrryasbuash and tree." Thirdly, " Under
'3l ?Irtas of the S hloss-Platz of C—, in the middle
4;
th:weet-seented,emonth of June." Fourthly,
sunny pat i4t Perfectl ised orchestra imaginable was
„si 'e:ittill,,,linidttle yr 'orsganecution of Straut,s's imn.iortal
'441(11 'Ns IV I e 't" execution
' " I had arrived in
,t,he
tii..
49 of 4 c,,ac.
.i
ht Fifthly,
V---" Sixthly, It
kyiti oe yli'?
10 Oct her
.nig
l of January, between ten
etilt.titleyer
,131( tohke„ mid_d e
• If this is not the Most
4:40t ibalderd°as° h), the words we have quotedsan
I,tkesp442ll,,,e'ltley • it is out-annualling the annuals, and
'Nati. '`"ing ti ' keepsakes. Mrs. Gore has a smart,
ko
.. .1114.
gar le .
e• on " Travelled
his
leple tyi,"Ledlll,e paP
'- k r a famous fellow in
iCtpleular
.." , Whiskey Drintremity
to
encroach upon a
!oterY ter.alk—has the a
s of Chris-
-, - -4. •-'l34tr - . tified with the footsteps
h'ripiq'rlh, lit,",,a„iwylc,,„ being a e'flyer:ati▪
onal club at
rttk' -`4'' fi " ------e would not show
withol7o.•
his
aC Co.
*IN. 1;. , .41;" if he
side by side
tri.
iiit'tillia, he Lvt`t!etn-fis by walking
di the two best cboint
or
tktr4,4
in
thi.il de28151. Deoldfiersty a
superb littleM Tonks
411c1 i'lithat fillynntrh" ha:et.; smith, called
▪th sru.ch pre-
r.`ltore4yy,,Rt‘'et ChrYistmas failure," filled
withat of the
jockB4ll 441:1 a drolleries es who
t.,1 ehiht P°.litithe°Ps • strait dresses,
rung
Ike tti if
.y.rell in their quaint,
taken up and
fr0,24%,4 1"03- might have been _
libation
Al another
41 b Y hand bells:" and, secoh- h sas man-
n a ailter
iof such actor
vlos. ild 111. , commemorat.ve n about
aedote
th 'Io by 4hehard and Fawcett; the a.
Ns Pa • '
howevi r,
itly, w, cola", is richly told. Saving,
BenoeY
tier w 0
oele"ptions, the present mouth of
I in

strike every classical reader, for Abd-eisKrideris only a
modern Jugurtha:—
" The tactics of Jugurtha are precisely thC:Fe-of Abd- el-
-1 Kader. Oae might suppose them to have studied the art of
Iwar in the same academy. Thus Sallust writes of the
former: 11 *NV presented himself before. Metellus, cue •
sionally betore Marius; he atteeked the rear in their-march,
and instantly retreated to the hills; he now threatened this
quarter, now that; he wowed neither haze rd a battle, nor
allow them any repose;' and the German lieutenant records
of the troops. belonging to the Arab, that, without offering
any resistance to the head of the column, they hovered
round it all day, with wild yells of Lu, lur They gallop
without any order, and singly, to within eighty or a hundred
paces of the sharpshooters and discharge their rifles at full
speed. The horse then turns of his own accord, and the
rider loads his piece as he retreats; and this is repeated
again and again all day long. The Bedouins never wait for
a close encounter hand-to-hand ; when charged by the
cavalry, they disperse in all directions, but instantly return.
Another peculiarity of the Numidian warfare is noticed in
the fact, that the royal guards only followed the King in
case of flight ; the rest c.f the army broke up in every
direction. Thus it happened to Jugurtha after his defeat by
the consul. Now we think :hat something like this may be
traced in the present day in Algeria. The real army of
Abd-el-Kader consists of 250 horsemen and 500 foot-soldiers,
whom he pays wed clothes; and, with the select force, lie is
said to drive all the neighbouring trite sto battle. Of course,
after a defeat, they disperse lik the Numidians, and find
• their way home to their tent or village in the best way they
can. Again, every now and then the public ear is surprised
with intelligence of the cowardism and flight of the Sillier,
who is represented to have abandoned his soldiers in the
most disgraceful manner. But here, too, he is only reviving
Jugurtha, who, when Sylla had routed his army near Cirte,
being surrounded on every Fide by the Roman cavalry, and
-,eeing all his. men falling ley his side, 'rushed singly through
the darts of the enemy and escaped.' Se we continually,
hear of Abd-el-Kader's re-appearance after every discom-
fiture; and Jugurtha, crippled and stripped by Metellus,
only retired into forests and places defended by nature, to
collect an army more numerous than the former."
The character of Sir James Graham is drawn with great
impartiality, and is, pnhaps, the best of those which
have yet appeared in the se:it's. Though, perhaps, the
thickness of his skin may be a little exaggerate d, the
following picture is substantially correct :—" A hard-
ness and impassability of temperament, which is to cen-
sure or obloquy as adamant or rhinoceros-hide, joined to
a wonderful knowledge of human nature, great talents,
clear perception, readiness, determination of purpose, and
a steady resolution to seize all opportunities and yield
none, give him great advantage in an assembly where
the average of ability is not above mediocrity, and where
there are so few who have the courage, or feel the incli-
nation, to stand forth as champions." Anti he adds at
the close—" Such steady self-possession, joined. to such
talents and information, arid to such debating powers as
he has in his former career displayed, though now he
rarely exercises the m, are quite sufficient to account for
tiust influence which wo have ascribed to him ; in the
absence of personal respect, which, generally speaking,
be does not command, or of patty gratitude, which he
has dune little to deserve on the one hand, and much to
forfeit on the other."

struck out of the list at once, and the two great Edwards,
the first and the third, would only be entitled to statues as
kings, in common with their imbecile fathers. Notwith-
standing Lhe arguments of this writer, we should cer-
tainly vcte for giving Warren Hastings a statue. The
Hindoo Gaitlemfm in England c9ntimies h;s admirable
letters, and from them we extract the following amusing
bit of good-humOured satire:—

" The society here is divided into a great number of
different wastes, which I find ra;her dittisult to describe
to you. The highest is composed of people of title ; the
next, of persons who possess a carriage and horses, and
several men-servants dressed very curiously ; the third,
of those who have the menservants with the curious
dresses, but not the carriage and horses ; and the fourth,
of those who have neither titles, carriages, horses, nor
men-servants. These again are subdivided into a great
number of other castes :—thus, a family may have
carriages, horses, and servants, and plenty of mo •
ney, and yet, unless they can trace their descent a
great many years back, to some man who was a not- d
robber, or was beheaded for treason, or was distinguished
in some other way, they are not considered to be of a
*high caste. Trade, of all kinds, is looked upon as
giving very low caste ; and though a min gets great
wealth by trade, it does not raise him much as
to caste. Wealth obtained by gambling, however,
which is not an uncommon mode, is considered much
more respectable. But the most honourable wey of pos-
sessing wealth is, like caste. to be able to trace it back to
some relation who acquired it by murdering the owner
and taking forcible possession of his estates, or by some
other similar manner. Trade again is divide 4 into agreat
many different castes of its own, which are so numerous
and incomprehensible that I only as yet und.o-stand a
little of the matter. I h•sve' found that a man of the
highest caste may sell, without degradation, cabbages
and other vegetables, corn, butter, or bullocks ; but that
coals, cloths, bread, &c., are quite interdicted commodi-
ties for people of any pretensions to high caste to deal
in. Again, a man may sell wine in casks, and yet be
considered a gentleman ; but another man who sells the
same wine in a bottle is looked upon as a very low wreath
indeed."

Among the gems of this number is a fac- simile mann-
cript sonnet by John Keats. We have also an elaborate
review of Cailyle's book on "Hero Worship," and. s
severe, but by no means unfair, critique on Charles
Dickens's Christmas Books. The concluding article is
entitled "The Corn-laws," and, strange to say, it is not
in the least tinctured with party politics. The question
of protection is considered on strictly economical
grounds, and the paper itself might be talien as a text-
book by a professor of political economy Rcturing to a
class of university students.

ERASER.
, ,
articles _ ,
-
tOts;ol,!lrle:lritteseallitpanlber contains s'veral
46 C„nteMpOrtaeir)s
••••,CqS-..sir
,i'.. 4111011,9; these we prefer,,
Na "4 oat" ~,,'eles Graham, anal
in the Rise of
to l'`'lc.o h 'he "Princi al Campaigns d supposed
Latin P,imPhi'-t'
in 4e :iii al:a ts_lion
,arcltibt, 4, lit, s
ers gh soPoften
furnished matter f“1. an
were
fartlioi, Paper "2;1, have. furni.srom
documents,
.deseribed an ..
in-
reat
5x,,,,,,t_ 3i, hieh, chiefly i
that there are
gtrik-
ineeZtisti,?t,„
4'4l,tilitchell, proves
the more 6 me
tittle wast% 4 l, L 4
~I4l,Qhoods respecting
Effect at the same.
ry t„
ela2ti, attk":,,ll,lslirs of Napoleon.
; it was n_e_e_t
of Kr e° 114rify V' the first consequence.d announcement
last at "Ns of Piulee by the continue
was the
p . eonsid„
.• %as • and policy and truth
+ hes sent to
,atis, Th knin to ' framing the dispatches Wet, , The
sutet,
f p
hilities 0- 4 took
the Cron°tiiel'er, la 'S
4e superior a start is
any B
one
vier u•ile to
„, ° mansest. that sc
and tht-ir causes
th eta-recti - certain whether results _ .
_ however,
4e a, 9 deserihA + tors of historb
stated
\vitt, Slltc,„ , •As ma
to be
" QIN more inanortence and require
mnirs are
t"14.1 Iv .°011440f .11 ‘ -- '•ns in the me well
‘1141,,1i . .ery „,i - " exaggeratio . ,
___w
thi
t, n that t
~, ',ring. For instanc ,
e it Is nu d the
hich elide
i" a-
"' 1) fSt George, Iv • lost
t) act of
t, •
Italian 0 .
Austrian.
, 14t,d,,t , she cmpaign, the
wounded, or eaP-
'l,ted, '
.1i than 12,000 en killed,
__
_c__
Ne_ i . Mile tht• I.
in
' that they lost 30,° )u
114„4'1411,.4 a ' IsPutches state
00 were driven
- k au:‘ aeled, and that 14,0
n more
t;:tt,,
thartua. Tills wold give abut 4,00- then
Klee-
-1114:4 e whole of th u force at the comm
of
4 (it
pera,. e Austrian .. .
the
instances
bane kin„ k!os, and Trl any similar
Ministers" is a
h kt fait are given. "The Position of
have made
1 hi,
h.,tlre; the writer does not appear to
if
we
;tsci')c4pt -"''d on any question connected with it,
,0 the
reaP.erhaps his resolution " never to consent
ii,,h
Ntit--„1?° of tile aristocratic principle from the..h flave
te '°o, nor sanction any measures win(' laws
It,
lieekl(•ney in that diretion,” The c“rilristo-
Ntl' te„.„B to con• icier necessary to the . aht
as
)411 ha principle ; and, therefore, Fraser
ini
he
vtit4 'e said, We abjure Peel ;" but, nevertheless,
that
'tt, rti in a most
ambiguous manner, and protests
an i
tkond will take his place where truth, and honour,
t torau
L'rctlit RPelieY seem to dictate." It is refreshing
%et (001 a subject to the beautiful and correct
.e.,
oh
rae-
it 6:tra•-
titltitZW, nof Sallust, and to the apt and learned.i us,
'`'t iii9`lll Which it is interspersed. The writer is master
No: subject, familiar with the authors who have
for the lives
°I e.e,n,ted on this eekbrated biographer ( _ .
,qtve-"l'doi d J h
I, a° ugurt a are f his tha
the onli works o
.ari- tilvived the ravages of time, and the hanN of bar-oo
'iv 411s'
as) ja occasionally interesting remarks
.
e•thl Tacitus, as well as liengl '
otus Thucyduies, and
t•tereen
thee-thellbuti, and draws an interesting comparison b i
~‘„. ,
by "AN carried ti in Africa by the Romans, and t. :,,.
' the 1,r,,4, e
re t time. One cur
, at the pact will

t -
_.,

TILE ST7N, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, PEBRVL4RY 1:816.

both 11-:,'! sc.:l6-1 tho guoitort

diately reposed the utmost co:di:ler:cc>,
them the company of to first

iTatigfrau;

• preparations for our exp,7dition. I retired req
early, aware that we should pa's Alin following
night upon the glacier of • the Aar, a very
unfavourable place for repose. Next day the
~I.la rose is unclou majosty, and I found my three
mountaineers c-,aqletely accoutred, artutd with hat-
chets, corch, tcr-,inating r,ith
iron hooks, blue veils, &c., not-forgetting provisions for
two days, and the flag which, as we hoped, would bear
testimony to the triumph of our expedition. On leaving
Grimsel, our path led us into the midst of fallen
rocks, above a wild valley, bounded on the left by the
Leidelhorn, and on the right by Juchliherg and the
Broniberg. This valley, which is about 7,000-feet above
the level of the sea, seemed gradually te, enlar4e, and we
perceived its further extremity closed on each side by a
wall of ice, raising itself perpendicularly to a height. of
200 or 3.00 feet ; this was the extremity of the glacier of
the Aar. When-we had attained the summit of this wall
by scaling the rocks which bordered it, we perceived this
vast glacier, sfretwsed out before us for a spoe of wv; ral
miles, encompasprd by t! e eiuuntic peaks of Fin, ter. ar-
horn, the SAreAhorti, the o:A.ralritorn, the Vi,eher-

horn, and the LaAenraarhorn ; the first raising itself to
a height of 14,000 feet., and- the otlviTs varying from
11,000 to 13,000 feet above the level of the sea.
e reached the pure and shining surface of the
glacier itself; which we found covered on ali sides with
crevices parallel one with another, /he grester portion
being fill-t 1 with snow; we took all the necessary pre-
caution, by sounding them will, grappling-irons, before
intrugi g our bodies to so frail and treacherous a sup-
port. Advancing in this manger allieg the glacier for
three hours, we arrive:` at the lithe hat epposite. erected
for M. Agaseiz, to encourage hitn to Imrsue further his
experiments upon the increase and the ~.irogress of the
glaciers. Tnis hut, situate 3,000 feet above the level of
!he ice, is almost entirely sheltered from the fall of
avalanches, and the effects of the hurricanes and snow-
storms, to which these elevated regions are exposed.
The sun was gradually disappearing beneath the horizon;
the innumerable peaks and glaciers were illumined by
his last rays in such a manner that the entire chain of
mountains presented the appearance of a shining stripe.
This magnificent spectacle suddenly disappeared, and
every object resumed its pale blue tint in proportion es
the shades of night concealed them from our sight; we
soon saw nothing but the white line of the least remote
peaks. We then endeavoured to taste a few hours'
repose, taking all the requisite precautions to protect
ourselves against the intense cold, in which, however,
we only partially succeeded. Sleep came but tardily;
the novelty of the situation was too exciting.
" Towards midnight, several enormous avalanches
fell on the opposite side of the glacier, with a roar re-
sembling the most violent explosion of thunder ; this was
sufficient to banish all ideas of skep, and we were soon
on foot, diiigently preparing for the seventeen hours of
consecutive ascent which we had to make upon the ice
and the snow. The first difficulty to be surmounted was
the descent on to the glacier, into the crevices of which,
seeing how insecure it was, we found it necessary to
descend. We were thus placed in the bottom, around
the three sides of which walls of ice raised themselves
almost perpendicularly. It was necessary that we should
attain the submit of these walls in order to emerge from

our chilly and frightful dungeon. lann, our head guide,
began to cat out steps in the ice, so that, at the end of a
brief space of time, we were extricated from our retreat,
and out of danger, upon the glacier of Lanteraer, at its
junction with that of Finsteraer ;—the first descends
from the Schreckhorn and the neck of the Lanteraer,
and the second from the Finsteraerhorn and the peaks
adjacent.
" Our course through the glaciers was then directed
towards the Abschwung, along the base of which we
proceeded cautiously, the ice being very slippery at this
early hour. The crevices were sounded, and those that
were half opened avoided as much as possible. These
last, at an elevation of 9,000 feet, almost entirely dis-
appeared, and the surface of the glacier appeared
covered, for a distance of some miles, with a thick
bed of untouched and unbroken snow, whilst before
us, and at a distance of three hours' walk, the neck
of Lanteraar raised itself 1,000 feet in height,
hitherto deemed inacces.sible. Its brilliant white
crest, marked in bold relief against a deep blue sky,
made us believe that it was close at hand. We soon
perceived, however, our want of skill iu calculating
distances in regions, where the vast extent of the ob-
jects, combined with the peculiar light reflected by the
snow and the glaciers, confounch d every one of oar en-
deavours. We continued fur several hours to climb up
lung slopes of snow, burying ourselves knee-deep at
each step, and yet the distance did not appear to dimi-
nish. At length we reached the first ridge of those cre-
vices that are usually found at the foot of the most rapid
descents. In the mi.ist of these crevices it was neces-
sary to advance with the greatest caution ; a great num-
ber of them touch each other. We thus proceeded
through thie labyrinth of frightful blueish gulfs to the
foot of the formidable neck of Lanteraar, which rose al-
most perpendicularly far above our heads f,r several
hundred feet, whilst upon its slope, we pet ceived a mass
of suspended snow which seemed to threaten us from
afar ; fur we could not find a more formidable barrier.
It was necessary, however, to surmount it, and the ques-
tion was, how to do so ?

"At our feet was a deep precipice on the opposite
side of which the snow wall rose abruptly, not leaving
the smallest space for the feet. Notwithstanding this,
our chief guide succeeded in piercing in this well, by
means of his long Alpine stick, a hole, into which we
c.mld leap, witheut much danger of falling in the half-
open precipice which gaped blnea,h us. He crossed the
first, and held out his stick to assist the next comer. I
seized the friendly aid thus offered to me, and took
the fatal leap ; but the snow gave way under me, and
I remained suspended above the taky,d, grappling, with
my utmost strength, the pole which had been stretched
out to me. I was immediately resent d from this peril-
ous position, and, the other guides havinz passed with-
out accident, we found ourselves leaning our backs
against the spew wall which forms the southern aspect
of the neck. We commenced our ascent with care, the
•first guide hay.ng been relieved by the second, who,
hatchet in hand, cut out in the snow holes into which
we could place our feet and hands. The steepness of
the neck was such that the bending of the body forward,
which is necessitated by all ascents, placed our breasts
and faces in complete contact with the snow, whose ex-
cessive glare verb much fatigued our sight, in spite of
t'le blue spectacles which we wore. In this critical
position, our ascending progress became slower, the
advance of the foot, from one step to another, being an
important matter ; for one single slip—the slightest
inclination b:Aikwards, or even the least dizziness, must
inevitably have proved fatal to one of us. Neverthe-
less, thanks to the efforts of the hardy mountain-
eers, the summit of the neck was at leugth attained,
five hours after our departure from the encampment of
the previous night. During this time,
.the field of our
view had been necessarily limit( d, by the interposition
of the neck of Lanteraar • but, its summit once attained,
we were able to contemplate a great portion of s witz. r-
land, extended on all sides, at an awful depth beneath
our feet ' • whilst on every side rose the summits of those
gigantic barriers which bar the valley of Grindewald.
on our left were the Great and Little Schreckhorn, and
Mestemberg; and on the right the object of our am-
bition, the three peaks of the Wetterhorn, the Wetter-
horn itself, the Mittalhorn, and the Rosenho:n ; be-
neath us were spread out the plains of snow which de-
scend from those summits, and crown the higher glacier
of Grindewald.

the p4ss dr-Donn:4 ; :e lakes of Lung:7Le—arid
Lucerne, on the banks of which rose the Righin and
Mount Pilate, whose summits, the glory of so man;
cockney tourists, appeared to us like molehills On
the east, the eyes wandered over the indefinite chain of
mountaiu peaks.
" On looking towards the south, we perceived, on
that side, the two monarchs of the Bernese Alps, raising
their heads side by side—viz , the Rosenlani and the
Berglistock. . Separated from them by the neck of Lsu-
, teraar, we descried the red-Schreckhorn, very properly
called the 'Peak of Terror,' whilst the last of the groups,
the Finsteraarhorn, appeared to overtop its companions.
On the right of these two peaks was seen the brilliant
Vischerhorner, the nearest of all, beyond which we dis-
covered the three rival peaks, the Eiger, the M.-inch, and
the Jungfrau, rising together to a •heignt of more than
12,000 feet. At the base of these gigantic mountains,
lay the Wengern of the Alps, a hich looked ltko a teere
undulatii,n, whilst we could, scarteiy distinguish, far
beneath us, the villager of Grinderwaid, stiO the river of
Lutchinen, winding tike a silver thread in the midst of
the valley. • •
" On all sid -s of the peak. upon which we- were sia-
tinned (and on the summit 4. which twelve persons could
harlly find room), we had before our eyes vast and pro-
found precipices, at the foot of which were stretched
the plains of snow, and the numerous glaciers, situated
still lower down. On the left were observed the higher
g:aeiers of Grinderwald, end those of Lanteraar ; and
on the right, those of Gaud, 11,---ufen, and Rosenlani,
above which rose the peaks of Wellborn, Lt-oenhorn,
and Engelhornet.
" We cast greedy glances on this side, the guides
having resolved to try and reach the unexplored re-
gion of the Rosenlani. We had been about twenty
minutes upon the summit, exposed to a violent
gale of wind and an intense cold, although in
the plain the thermum'ter tearked 93 deg. (of Fahren-
heit's scale) during the night ! The sudden appear-
ance of some nebulous clouds in the horizon gave us a
forewarning, and we consequently commenced our de-
scent of the peak, after having firmly fixed our flag,
taking the opposite side to that by which we had as-
cended, in order to reach the plains of snow which sur-
mount the great glacier of Rosenlani. Seeing the steep-
ness of the slope, we deemed it necessary to sit down and
to slide over the snow, directing our course by means of
our clamp irons.
" In this manner we descended to the surface of the
plateau with the greatest rapidity. There again v e
had need of many precautions, the greater portion of the
crevices being covered with a thin bed of freshly-fallen
snow, incapable of supporting the weight of a human
body.

"-After having crossed the plateau, we arrived at the
foot of the Rosenhorn. This is an elevated peak, situate
at the junction of the glaciers of Roseehali and Reufen,
which, at this spot, is confounded with the great slope
of snow descending from the Wetterhorn. This region
being, like the preceding, a terra incognita, our advance
became slow and irresolute, and on the descent of the •
Rosehorn, our difficulties seemed to increase instead of
diminishing.
" The fragments of rocks and the detached stones
continually roiled beneath our feet, and fell like the
shower of rain into the precipice, at the bottom of which,
at a frightful depth, we were able to distinguish the
great blue crevices and the points of the glacier of Rosen-
lani. After having quitted tbe rocks, we again found
ourselves upon inclined plains of snow so rapid, that we
were obliged, for a length of time, to descend backwards
as if upon the steps of a ladder ; the hatchet was then
in constant requisition. At the foot of one of these steep
slopes the snow gave way under our feet, leaving a large
crevice, about fifteen yards in breadth, the opposite edge
of which was twenty feet lower than the one on which
we found ourselves. This difficulty appeared at first
utterly insurmountable, the very guides themselves were
disheartened and discouraged, and all offering our advice
in the midst of a pause, we at length set our backs against
the snow, close to the brink of the precipice which yawned
beneath us. At length lann conceived the hazardous
plan of leaping it at one bound ! He put it into execution,
and reached the lower edge safe and sound. The ropes
having been detached, the remainder of the party
screwed up their courage to the sticking point. and
despair lending up fresh courage, we darted forward by
turns above the precipice, off the smooth surface of the
snow which lay beneath. Our fortunate triumph having
vigorously excited us, we prepared to traverse a narrow
slope of ice, in which our conductor carefully cut out
some steps, when a low noise suddenly arrested our at-
tention. The guides, who happened to be hindmost,
violently pulled back the remainder of the party, by
means of the ropes, and a second afterwards. an immense
avalanche rolled down upon the slope that we were pre-
paring to cross, leaving all petrified with dismay at the
dreadful danger which we had so narrowly vecapi.d.
"The cloud of snow in which we bad been enveloped,
having dispersed, we resumed our descent, and continued
it during three hours, upon a succession of vertical walls
of snow and ice, and reached the glacier of Rosenlani at
five o'clock. The passage of this glacier lunch res: mbles
that of the famous glacier at Bossons, on Mount Blanc ;
the crevices there are so numerous, that there is merely
a furrow of ice between them ; *these furrows being the
only path by which the wanderer can advance.
"We had every moment before our eyes icy preci-
pices, which, at every step, seemed ready to swallow up
the unfortunate wretch, whose presence of mind might
have failed, whilst the pinnacles of ice which rose above
us, often tottered upon their very unstable foundations.
" In our present state of fatigue, the passage of the
glacier was very perilous ; but the minute care and
courage of the guides, skilfully prevented the occurrence
of any accident ; and at eight o'clock in tl.e eyeling,
we bade an eternal farewell to those plains of snow and
peaks of ice, upon which we had trod for eventy con-
secutive hours. All danger was now over ; and the ex-
citement having ceased, the difficult descent of the rocks
and overthrown peaks, became insupportably fatiguing.
The baths of Rosenlani were still far below us ; the
sombre aspect of the pine forests, which exti-nded them=
selves at the bottom of the valley, formed a striking con-
trast with the continual light of the preceding hours.
" Night gradually extended her veil over the sur-
rounding objects, the lights in the houses soon became
perceptible, and at nine o'clock, P.M., we all arrived safe
and sound at the baths of Rosenlani, where a great ex-
citement had prevailed, for several hours, at the dis-
covery of the flag that floated on the summit of the peak.
After having seen four black specks, at a prodigious
height, and having observed those specks change their
positions, the inhabitants of the valley had justly con-
cluded that one of their gigantic mountains was on the
point of losing, for ever, its reputation of inaccessibility.
" The following morning, I took leave of the two in
trepid chamois-hunters, to whom I had been indebted
for my preservation, on several occasions, during the
perilous adventures of the preceding days. Soon after-
wards, I heard that these two unfortunate men had been
attacked by a disorder, arising from the hardships of
their last exploit; as for myself, I escaped with the usual
consequences of so long s sojourn iu the midst of the
snows of those elevated regions—that is to say, with the
loss of the skin of my face, and an inflammation in my
eyes. We recrossed the great Schit deck, and arrived at
Interlacken, on the 20th of July, mys.,lf and my guide,
who was also in a very pitiable condition; and thus con-
cludes the history of my ascent of the Wetterhorn."

THE « GREAT UNPAID."
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

" It was then deemed necessary to descend the slope,
on the opposite side of the neck which we had just
climbed, before arriving at the foot of the great peak,
which appeared to rise near us, to a height of 2,150 feet
above the platform of snow, upon which we stood, and
which was, itself, at an elevation of 10,000 feet. We,
therefore, commenced our descent, which, although not
so dangerous es our former ascent, nevertheless, de-
manded a greater exertion of strength. We had thus,
constantly, b-fore our eyes, the precipicei of snow and
ice, closely attached to numerous crevices. The chief
point depended upon the ropes and hatchets, and the
descent was effected witte.ut accident; eter which,
we once more ascended successive slopes of snow,
occasioneliy proceeding,- A i th much difficulty, in
the midst of the half-opened crevices, which
presented the appearance of a deep azure. Our
ceuree was directed towards the base of the central
peak, known by the name of Mittalhorn, which then
rose over our heads like a vast pyramid of ice and snow.
In my eyes, it was so impossible to climb it, that I vett-
ture,-1 to ask the guides if they hoped to reach its ,
summit? They replied, that they felt sure of it. I
was, therefore, reassured, believing that I was in excel-
lent company for this work,. The south-eastern side of
the peak seeming, from all appearances, to he the most
practicable, we began the clitheult task of climbing the
virgih mountsin. The ascent in itself resembled that of
the peak of Lanteraar, but it lasted much longer. The
surface of the snow and ice was much more compact,
and rendered it necessary for us to widen, with our feet,
the spaces cut out with the hatchet, in order
to feeilitate their change of position. We
mounted, thereforp, hut 51°vIlY, placing eqr
hands in the holes cut ahove our. heads, -hy the
the guide who took the lead, gradually inserting the
foot in the lust aperure, and the ItKly completely sink-
ing into the snow at each step. In this disagreeable
position, we had constantly
re our eyes the vastre-
u
which lay eNteulli'd beneath 115 i• and this
tssiigPhict7seltt'ef i
riled in our mint the consieatory idea, that
one little false step might effect the destruction of the
whole party 1 This might very easily have happened,
glued, as we were, one to another. We had remained
d
three and we were aesure'
lioues upon the peak, the
I guide, that in another hour, if no accident intervened,
we should have resched the summit. We, therefore,
prepared our flag, and, after having snatched a few lei-
nuts ri eepose, whilsit is Was bring rolled round the flat.
staff, placing ourselves with our becks against the snow,
we then advanced with more ardour, the guide making
the meantains reverberate with the s 'WAS of his T 14,.
tiOnal 'Songs whilst the grPoePt 1541.QtY nnisuatecl the
whole party, at the prespect Of 89 Oti t
fir. a 'result.
The white anci bripi4nt o,nintni; Qf the ppali then 41i.
I,4ared inirnectiately over our heads.
Here, having brought our travellers. to the long
sought for goal, we must allow them to pause
and take
breath, before rendering an secouPt of the sublime and
splendid. piospeof whid6 innriediaiajy astounded their
Sight,
" We hail thus attained an eloY4t.tion tf 12,154 feet,
after a cote in ea asc,.nt of three tI,IP;, from the level of
the plain. During this time, 1141 been too 4)4011. oc-
cupied io surioeunting the obs'aeles which we had en-
countered in our progreis, to be able to con
ex template
with at :Ilion, the. womb rail panoreea,
e tent of
which w enlarged every iesoott. ()ace he summit
of the v.,44, ,0 hail 4!ip ItX ek:lntitii-og the
relative posilloa of the ~orrouitAitig f:gq,k.,. •
The greater
portion seeTtitd to ex' eel Far I e""1-11 115. On the north,
we pereeved the 1,,,u1tee.0 :x .d the chain of mountains
which borders the !Au of Brienne ; end, behiud them,

Stn,—The glaring and unpardonable negligence of
magistrates in so:ne of the provinces appears to be upon
the increase, and this piece of insult upon the public
must be stayed. Wherever cause for complaint arises in
this respect, the public may easily remedy ►t. LA about
a score only—no matter bow humble in station—trans-
mit a short memoriri (showing the grievance) to their
Lord-Lieutenant, and it will be his bounden duty to look
into it. , The remedy is very plaie and essy.—Ynur obe-
dient servant, OBSERVER.'

Jan. 30, 1846

PROPOSED LINES OF RAILWAYS

AFFECTING THE METROPOLIS.

Mr. Fowler read a paper at the Royal Institute of
British Architects last Monday evening, on the proposed
lines of railway which affected the metropolis, about to
be submitted to Parliament. He stated, ttiat he aas in-
debted to Mr. Austin, the engineer, honorary secretary
to the Metropolitan Improvement Society, for the facts
that he was about to lay be'ore the me eting.
who, with a laudable zeal in the eau4e of im-
provement, had been at considerable pains to pre-
pare a plan of the n hole of those lines for which the
deposits had been completed. lie need scarcely say.
that there had been a whole host of other schemes, which,
fortunately, had not survived the fatal effects of the late
panic. Of those that remained, it' appeared from the
plan, that there were twenty-one different lines,
comprising .100 miles of proposed railway, within
a circle of five miles from St. Paul's. The
spaces scheduled for termini, within a circle of
11 miles of St. Paul's, together with that necessary for
the construction of so much of the lines, constitute an
area little short of 200 acres. To forma more vivid
idea of the extent of this area, it may be stated,
that it exeeods that portion of London extending
from . High-street, Whitechapel, to St. Paul's
Cathedral, included between Lesdciihalltstreet,
Cornhill, the Poultry, and Chvapside, on the north,
and the river Thantos on the south. It constitutes an
area equal to one third of the city of London, and little
less than one-half of that devastated by
the conflagration
of 1666.: On a moderate calculation, it wotlld in-
volve the destruction of between 0.000 and 10,000
houses, and pansy an expenditure, for the purchase
of prdperty alone, of about 15 millions sterling ! ! ;
Mr. Fowler stated, ' that a memorial on the
subject had been forwarded to Lord Lincoln, {rss Com-
missioner of Woods oin4
.Forests, by the Metropolitan
improvement Society, praying that the Metropolitan
mprovement Commission would take the subject into
their earliest consideration ; and it behoved, not only
professional men, but all who dezirecl to so
prayer of the society,
right direpticul giver} to this extraordinary
mevement:
tO second the
that this be§neh the genera subject of railway com-
munication should be considered as a separate and dis-
tinct whole, in order that a comprehensive VA ftY5-
tematic plan might result front what WfAa 110 W a heap of
confusion; aris;ng froM the ittet, that each line had
been ieparat'ely laid down by its respective Company,
without reference to, or knowledge of what was being
proposed by the other.— The Builder.

THE WisME§ TI4A IiOC.KVARD ARTIFICERS._
MeetingA of the artisans of the Dockyard have been held
with a view of organising a movement to obtain an increase
of wages. The shipwrights of Woolwich. Dockyard originated
the proceedings, and wrote to the shipwrights and caulkers
Qf Deyoupoq acid other docivarlii other ula4ses of workmen
leaftog (his 3tkn4ll9Po a !needing, iu artier thqt. the
might be Made 0.),All liatida„ Thu ;vault has been the ap-
pointruegt of 4 9611141h:tee. and the adoption of a petition to
the Admiralty, setting forth the high price of food as a special
ground for the increase which they solicit.—Nautical
Standard.

THE PREMIER'S •MEASURE.
(From the Journal of Commerce.)
S;r R be: t Peel has shown himself to be equal to the
k f his position. He has viewed with a cotn-
prohcnsive mind the exigencies of a portentous crisis ;
and, with a sound and unflinching judgment, he has in-
dicated perhaps the only means for its satisfactory so-
lution. Placed between two uncompromising anta-
gonists, he has, with strict propriety, demanded from
each concession—from each a relaxation of pretensions
in favour of the common interest of the entire commu-
nity. The Government has shown a becoming spirit of
impartiality in the adjustment of a rancorous feud,
which has long disturbed the tranquillity, and
threatened to embroil the nation in irreconcilable
antipathies, and destructive strife. the sound-
thinking, aid the friends of their country, of
both parties will hail with joy the opportunity now
tires, nt. d of extinguishing a contest w hich, if prolonged
under the feelings of class antagonism, beginning to
exacerbate disatisfaction, must hare ended in political
convuls,in. We hope most fervently, that there will be
found, boll in Par;iament and iu the country, so much
,;0.; sense and conciliatory disposition as to neutralise
le exlggetated demands of the purely selfish, and to
abash the an ounce of "presuming faction. In the spirit
of conciliation, aid in views of profotmd policy, the
Minisay has proposed a salutary compromise. The
Government, so far, has done its pert well. If the pro-
posed measure shall be thwarted by the stubborn inflexi-
bility of intemperate part•sans, the public will rightly
comprehend on whom will rest the blame of a in rpetual
r.

Beeineing properly with the claimants for an abolition
of protec:ing duties, Sir R'bert Peel has said to the ma-
nutattur, rs—" You_ ntlemen, cannot object to be sub-
jected to a course of policy which you so strenuously
pre,cribe to others." Nor will they, for their leaders
have long since declared openly that they coveted no
ote ct. on from State duties. Acting on the admission,
and on the equity of the demand, the Minister
has proposed a very sweeping abolition and reduction of
import duties on foreign fabrics and products. It is an
immense stride towards perfect freedom of commercial
interchange, which will astonish some of our compe-
titors ; but which will work no permanent detriment to
our home industry. The measure promises to apply
the only unequivocal test of the sound direction of the
, productive powers of a people. It will say to every
class of manufacturers, " if you are making goods which
foreigners can undersell you in in your own market, it
is a proof that you are misapplying your industry, and
are imposing a tax upon your countrymen: take to some
other more nationally beneficial calling." But we ap-
prehend no disturbance of the large staple occupations of
British industry ; in all these walks of productive labour
we hare exclusive advantages, sad we stand pre-
minent. Some of our countrymen may and will
feel the pinch, in competing productions which have
an adventitious value from the exercised taste in
their getting up. The rub will do them good in
the end ; it will set them about getting rid of their
hereditary notions, and looking out for some of the
refinements of modern art. They will be brought up
to the mark with a little whipping and spurring. We
have no misgivings about the abilitiy of our country-
men when they have proper guides, and a wholesome
stimulus. Under the new tariff, Sir Robert Peel pro-
poses to admit manufactures and finished goods, ge-
nerally, at a maximum duty of ten per cent. ad valorem;
except silk fabrics, which will pay fifteen. Now, these
duties may very fairly be considered duties for revenue
on commodities which are not necessaries ; but which
may have some peculiarities of taste or quality that
make them attractive to a certain class of purchasers,
both able and willing to make a small contribution to
the State whilst indulging a preference or a fancy. That
simple, unornainented goods should come in under these
duties, to compete with our own similar productions, is
commercially impossible. We have the raw materials
duty free, and manufacturing power either cheaper or
more effective than elsewhere. It must be borne in
mind, thet in the actual state of manufacturing industry
in all the great staples, the wages of labour make but a
srn-ill part of the entire cost of production, compared
with their relative amount under the primitive system of
manufacture ; so that any local difference of labourers'
wages, from habits or from cost of maintenance, tells but
little in the market-price of goods. The rivalry will be
left for a time in certain handicraft trades ; some of
which will have to abandon old habits, and the profes.
sors, perhaps, to add another day or two to the week—
which they can easily do, and still keep the Sabbath
holy.
Sir Robert Peel, in his speech, alluded to a trade
which will certainty feel the effect of the diminished
duty—this carriage-makers. This indeed is a trade under
very peculiar conditions, and it tnay in a great measure
impute its anomalous position to the ways and habits of
its customers Many of the Noble Lords and Honourable
Gentlanen, with their female appendages, who ride in
carriages, do not make a point of paying ready money
for these wares—some of them do not pay at all ; and
' very often there is an inclination to postpone the
settlement of the coachmaker's bill to the Greek
lialeuds. Hence it is that the London coach builder
has got into a rooted habit, not of considering
how much a vehicle has cost him, but how much, upen
a reiuote contingency, is likely to return him an average
living profit. The calculator of chances on lives would
be ott, n puzzled to find out a fair rate for a coach-
builder's customers. This is one reason why London
coach-making has no affinity in prices with those of the
,arne craft in other localities. The coach business is
one which comptiss s in its of,eration a large proportion
of manual labour ; and therefore, in pint of economy,
it is ill-pla red ia the metropolis, where the wages of
such 1-hour are necessarily dearer than in the country ;
but the habits and class of the customers have necessi-
tated the establishment of coach- making in London.
Another large handicraft trade will be, in some of its
branches. affected by the proposed change of duties ;
an-I that is the shoemakers. It cannot be denied that
boots and shoes are made in Paris, and indeed in other
parts of France, in what may be truly called a more
masterly manner than, for the most part, they are to be
met with in London. There has been more mind exer-
cised in the craft in Paris than in London. The French
artisan has been aware that his object was to make a
covering for the human foot ; whilst the English cord-
wainer has never entertained a thought beyond that of
covering his last—the thing bearing as remote a re-
semblance to the foot of man as the sign of the Red
Lion to the beast of the forest, The cobbler must for-
sake his last and take to the study of anatomy; in the
course of which higher pursuits he may perchance find
out how it is that he has been the hereditary generator
of corns and bunions. Under the competition we trust
that the sho.sniaker will improve his art, and the tanner
his leather; the materials are supplied without fiscal
!widen, and we have a right to expect as good an
article as can be furnished for the same money else-
where. The quality of leather in England has for some
years been deteriorated by modern improvements. The
tanners insist go back to some of the practices of their
ancestors.

It is impossible, in the brief space of a single article,
to advert even cursorily to the various classes of pro-
ducers which will be more or less affected by the pro-
posed diminution of import duties on finished goods. We
shall take octe t. occasions of commenting on the special
effects of the change, as we shall tee that change as-
suming the sanction of law. In many cases we antici
pate that the coming rivalry wilt operate as a salutary
stimulus in sharping the wits and in,proving the tastes
of our jog trot tradesmen ; who havf! never sus-
pectsd that they were not taught everything belonging to
their craft, when they were apprentices. In no case of
extended industry do we think that foreign competition in
the home market will be productive of the smallestperma-
in n. d 'Et-intent. This knocking down the barriers be-
ta ceu ours and foreign workmen, and pitting them
agair,st each other, necessarily implies that they are to
,e plat .d on equally favourable terms as to sustenance ;
and • Lich equal .t) is provided for by the greatscheme which
G.bvernm,nt has laid before the country for its considera-
tion, and adi.ption if approved. By removing till cus-
toms' duties from foreign provisions of every kind, the
maintenance of labourers here and elsewhere will, in
a short time be brought nearly to one common level.
The di fr Tenet s, if they exist, will be found in a great
measure to arise from diversity of habits, and from the
more or less prevalence of frugality or of extravagance.
To talk of an impossibility of the labourers of a country
taxed as this is not being able to compete with those of
less barthem.d countries, when they shall be fed and
clothed as cheaply, is mere thoughtless babble. What
should hinder them frwm competing? They are as strong,
as int* ll.g, nt, as industrious ; and if their food be un-
taxed, and their clothing untaxed, and if they have a
thousand mechanical aids, and the free support of large
commercial capital, and a practised intelligence to guide
them, why should not the produce of their labour be
rendered as cheap as that of their competitors ? We
know th-re are those who talk much about the restraints
on British industry from the enormity of our debt ;
whilst they have themselves, through a long life, been
witnesses, if not abettors of the fact, that the produce
of British manufacturing skill finds a, daily market
in every corner of the habitable globe ; although
we have to furnish the annual interest on t debt of eight hundred millions. Give free scope to our
industry, as is now for the first time attempted, and that
will enable us to sustain our fiscal burthens without diffi-
culty, and without a murmur, To think that we shall
be better able to pay our debt by restricting our commer-
cial iitterconrse
with
the external world, from which we
draw the whole of our accumulating wealth; is to betray
a puerility of intellect and a poverty of understanding
which do not characterise British traders. Does Lord
Ashburton think that we shall be better able to meet our
home pecuniary obligations by lending from time to
tie large portions of our spare capital to the repudiating
states of America?
We rejoice exceedingly in the Ministerial announce-
ment of a comprehensive and enlightened sc:ieme of
commercial policy; and we shall hail with acclamation
its a loption into the law of the land, as the sure basis
of Britain's future, long-enduring, industrial supremacy.

MODE OF CULTIVA noN ADOPTED IN CORNWALL
TO RAISE EARLY POTATOES.

1. The potatoes are set in December and January,
2, The sort planted are the kidney, and the fishiest(' kidney.
The beat ashleaf kidney are procured from Somersetshire,
and are planted in the neighbourhood of Uxbridge.
3. The hest soil is a light loose soil, and the ground should
be well worked. Old grass laud is preferred.
4, The seed should be set about eight inches in depth, four
inches distant from each, and the rows fourteen inches apart.
An open situation, facing south or south-east, is the best
situation—proximity to the sea is the most advantageous.
5. The best manure is long stable dung covered with sea-
weed, the seed being first slightly covered with earth.
6. The finest, cleanest, healthiest seed is best. When
never plant A piece with more than tiVo eyes, some prefer
nue, When small potatoes are used, they are sometimes
planted whole.
tat: in small
7. To protect the tops from being injured by early spring
frosts, is impracticable in extensive plant.ant,i,o
ptented in shel-
qumitites, they may be protested by
tared situations, and litter P .14-,H,Z, or by trenching
them as celery, aitethte° irreenirhes with litter trans-
' yeriaiii co\,rir
her becolees vr