The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 2, 1841.

neral feeling" of " contentment with things as they are,"
but to a difference of opinion as to the grievances to be
first redressed, and as to the mode by which all abuses may
be most effectually removed. Neither is it, as the Globe
would have it believed, by " itinerant incendiaries or resi-
dent demagogues" that the "discontent of the industrious
classes" has been principally excited. The cause of pub-
lie discontent has its source far deeper than the mere
flashes of incendiary declamation. The discontent arises
from a burning sense •of wrong, and a strong stimulus
from actual physical suffering and privation. Though
popular rights have recently attracted a more than ordi-
nary share of discussion, had the people an adequate
provision for their physical wants they would ca-e but
little for the assertion of their abstract rights. Tuis
indifference to political station is to us rather .a matt‘r
of regret than of congratulation—it evinces a low state
of mental cultivation, and a brutal attachment to
animal indulgence. When, therefore, the Herald pro-
poses to " correct" Chartism by education, it recom-
mr the very appFeltion best calculated to give Char-
tism the faculty of irresistible progression. Such is the
opinion of Messrs. Lovett and Collins, to whom the warm-
est admirers of the Herald will not hesitate to accord the
merit of more practical knowledge of Chartism than
possessed by the good old lady, who, in reference to Char-
tism, exclaims, " We cry—' correct it.' Teach men that
they are slrnething more than blood and bone and sinew ;
consider them not as beasts of burthen, but make them
feel the true value, the just dignity of labour. Endow
them with self-respect, by inculcating within them the ever-
lasting truth of Christianity ; compel them, by self-exa-
mination, to know the great end and purpose of their
being ; and such knowledge, be sure of it, will be fruitful
of a contented and a peaceful spirit." Teach men but
this, and will they for a moment tolerate Toryism ? This
is a question whic'i, while it solves the motives of the
Tories in resisting education, may furnish the said party
ample food for refl:ction before they endeavour to usurp
that position from which, before a month, the nation would
burl them to irretrievable destruction.

FROM THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
(From the Globe.)
6' Eighteen Hundred and Forty-one has commenced
its course, with the Whigs in possession of Downing-
street !" is the dolorous exclamation of the Tory Press.
Varying the date, the mortifying truth has been expressed
as each new year has dawned, for the last seven revolutions
of the sun round our globe. To relieve tine mortification
inflicted by the exclusi n from place and power to which
they have been doomed, they have sought consolation in
predictions of a corning change. The month, the week,
the day beyond which it was absolutely impossible !or
the Ministers to retain office, was spoken of with as much
certainty as if it had been m ade matter of special revelation.
It is true that the Tories strenuously laboured to fulfil
their own predictions. With a perseverance unequalled
in the history of Opposition, they have attacked, ob-
structed, assailed, and maligned the measures of Govern-
ment, even at the risk of their own ruin as a party ;
exhibiting the novel spectacle of the leaders in one
House attacking with vehemence, as deserving of the
rejection and condemnation of Parliament, the very
measures which, in the other House, were pronounced
the most politic that could be adopted under the cir-
cumstances to which they were applied. Thus stul-
tifying their own proceedings, and in the blindness of
their party violence presenting the humiliating spectacle
of a party panting for office, yet avowedly at logger-
heads among themselves : the very men who would
constitute the to-be-formed Cabinet, like a rope of sand
—without agreement on the most important measures
of Foreign, Colonial, and Domestic Policy, on which
they must have been called upon to legistate had they
been in office ; and differing on which as a Government,
as they did differ as an Opposition, they must inevitably
have fallen asunder by the force of their own dissen-
sions, even though no pressure from without had put
their internal weakness to the proof. Such is the condi-
tion of the great Tory party at this moment.
(From the Standard.)
It cannot be doubted that the feeling which caused
a few Radicals at Walsall, to throw themselves upon
the wretched Anti Corn-law League for help, and the
antagonist feeling which reduced the suppliants to a
number so contemptible—it cannot be, but that this
R idical despair and this Conservative confidence
prevail in other boroughs, circumstanced like Wal-
sall ; and these are the boroughs which have
hitherto furnished the strongholds of the Ministerial
party. This happy change, mark, is not the work
of great men and rich men ; it is the effect of,
first, and immeasurably before all other causes,
the improved efficiency of the Church ; next, of the
honest exertions of the despised and insulted Conser-
vative Press, which, under every positive and nega-
tive affront and injury, has laboured to preserve the
aristocracy and gentry, in spite of themselves, or, to
speak more justly, in spite of some of their leaders. If
any one wants to know whether the hangers-on upon
political leaders on the independent press have made
converts to Conservative principles, we can furnish him
with an easy test ; let him go to one of those hangers-
on, and ask " What kind of Ministry do you wish for ?"
" Oh, a Conservative Ministry, to be sure ; but then we
must have none of your impracticables—none of your
men who will yield nothing, who will always speak what
they think, who will even confess what all the world be-
side practises, without confessing : none, in short, of
your Dukes of —,er Lords —, or Sir —, or Mr.
;" we leave blanks, to be filled up by the hangers-
on. Go next to the honest Conservative of the work-
ing class—who is a Conservative by the exercise of his
understanding unbiassed by a hope of private gain—ask
him the same question proposed for the hangers-on,
and you will hear something different from the scoun-
drel cant of the latter. " What sort of Ministry do
you wish ?" " A Conservative Ministry without
doubt—but an honest one. A Ministry, if you
please, of all impraclicables—of men that will
never yield anything, because they will never
refuse anything which they ought not on principle to
defend, and must not in any case compromise with prin-
ciple. In other words, a Ministry whose resolutions are
liberal and moderate, but immoveable—a Ministry
which will not dispute a matter three years, and in
the fourth slip over to the adversary, leaving all who
followed it to flounder in the dirt through which
they are dragged—a Ministry, in short, composed of
men who will say what they think, and avow
what they do. Such a Ministry and such a Mi-
nistry only is worthy to direct the destinies of a
nation of true-hearted men." This is the way in
which the Conservatives of the middle and working
classes reason, and this is a manner of reasoning
which they certainly have not learned from the bangers-
on or official expectauts, but from the honest Conserva-
tive Press. The meaner aspirants to place of course nar-
row to the utmost the sphere of competition ; and this
they do compendiously enough by the exclusion, as
" impracticable," of all honest uncompromising men ;
and in this they have naturally the aid of the enemy,
who hate and fear such men, and such men only,
and rejoice to see them _ displaced from the proper
station of guidance. All this, however, will not do.
The people will prevail, and the people will have
a potential voice in the selection of their Ministers.
Why do we rejoice in this, and why is our journal " the
most democratical journal in existence?" Because
we believe that the destinies of England are the highest
and noblest that were ever allotted to a nation, and be-
cause we see that the people, by whom this glorious
future is worked out, too often under discouragement by
the hostility or defection of its choseu leaders, is unlike
any people that ever lived.
(From the Courier.)
We have read with some interest " the Report
of the Sub-Committee of the Liverpool and
Manchester Railway Directors on matters of
interest in reference to the proposed railway
conference." As the Liverpool and Manchester
Railway Company has bad more experience,
from the greater length of time that line has
been constructed, than any other, everything that
emanates from its management is entitled to consider-
ation, and still more so from the acknowledged ability
of Mr. Booth. We cannot, however, admit that all the
late accidents have been attributable to any of the three
causes enumerated in the Sub-Committee's Report ; for
instance, that (the most serious of any) which occurred
on the Hull and Selby line, three on the North Mid-
land, and the late accident on the Birmingham and
Derby junction line ; each of which arose from want
of proper precautions on the part of those in charge
of the line itself, either by themselves or the contrac-
tors they employ. Regular signals on each side of every
station to prevent trains coming in on one another
—a good and well-placed light in the front and
rear of every night train—and a blue light for ac-
cident or necessity—would meet all the purpose
for the due care and protection of the passengers.
We still think, as we have before stated, that a
sub-enginemen should be employed on every engine,
under the regular driver, and a superior man to the
fireman. We doubt the probability of making, as
a general rule, the class of men who are employed
as stokers into such enginemen as the public look for.
Three men in the charge and working of an engine add
tender, particelarly if the tender has a break, cannot
be too much ; and the trifling additional expense of a
junior engineman on the working engines, would be
more than compensated for, by having always ready a
young and yet experienced man, to fill any vacancy.

BYRON AND SIIAKSPEARE.—Byron has
created for his nietnory an enviable fellowship with that
of Shzkspeare in the minds of at least all the compatriots
of both, who wander through Venice ; for the attention
is continually drawn from the historical recollections of the
place, to the associations awakened by both these poets
One feels as if Venice could net be strange ground to us,
who from infancy have learned to know its whereabouts
from the immortal bard, who with, as it were, an intuitive
knowledge of the place, its manners and customs, has im-
bued our minds with them, and rendered this City of the
Sea familiar as our household names to us. I could no
more pass the Rislto without thinking of Sbakspeare, than
I could see the Bridge of Sighs without remembering
Byron,—Lady Blessinyton's Idler in Italy, Vol. 111.
- - - -

Mr. Charles Kemble is so much improved in
health that the most sanguine expectations are now enter-
tained that he will be restored to his friends. Mr. Liston,
the eminent surgeon, attends him daily, and is satisfied
with the very great improvement which his patient has ex-
perienced in the last few days. His daughter, Mrs. Butler,
is constantly with him,

EXCISE ON TOBACCO.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sirt,—ln consequence of the remav4l of the survey
upon tobacco which came into operation on the sth of
July, 1840, I bog to oiler to your notice a few reitarks
from personal exporlnce of the effect such an alteration
has, and will have upon the revenue, which that commo-
dity has, for some time yielded to this country ; confining
my observatiohs more particularly to the districts cf Lan-
cashire, Yorkshire, and the surrounding counties. Ia( ea
scarcely tell you that an allowance of Blbs per cent., wan
the former law, and that at present the trade is thrown open,
leaving manufacturers to make as much weight as t'tey
possibly can without any Excise restriction whatever
From the year 1835 to 1840, the trade averaged an in-
crease of 20 or 25 per cent., disposing of the increase
without permit in the best way they could, by evading the
vigilance of the surveying officers ; and at which time
several small quantities of smuggled tobacco was offered
in this neighbourhood, owing to the difficulty which was
experienced by manufacturers in disposing of their own
increased weight.
Since the removal of the survey, the average of 1001bs.
of Kentucky stems, produces from 150:bs. to 160Ibs.
of manufactured tobacco ; I further beg to declare that,
Negroheal, Cavendish, Dutch, Canaster, foreign Pigtail,
and various other illegal qualities, are now, selling in
these districts at 61 and 2a. Bd. per lb., which never
pail any duty whatever : and that smuggled leaf (for the
purpose of making cigars.) is transported from one place to
arm her with pet feet indiff.•rence. I feel confident that
such a state of circumstances cannot be known to
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, yet I assure
you Mr. Editor, such is the present state of
things in this part of the country; there is not, I am sure,
an article of excisable commodity which requires the atten-
tion of Government mare than tobacco—an article 01
luxury, and therefore demanding a strict survey, provided
the expenses do not exceed the difference collected, which
in my opinion would not be one-twentieth part.
The reasons why a strict survey is necessary, cannot be
trespassed upon the columns of a Newspaper ; I must,
therefore, close the sulject, assuring you that the last Act
of Parliannnt upon this important article has been, and
will continue to be, an immense drawback upon the finan-
cial exigencies of the State. Time will show
I em, Sir, respectfully yours,
Manchester, Dec. 31. OBSERVER.

WALSALL ELECTION.

DR. BOWRING AND JOHN SMITH, ESQ., TIIE

NEW CANDIDATES FOR WALSALL.

BIRMINGHAM, FRIDAI NIGHT.-Mr. Acland, the able
awl eloquent Corn-law Lecturer, who announced himself
as candidate elect for the representation of this borough,
should no other individual be found to offer himself, h,,s
resolved to decline in favour of Dr. Bowring and John B.
Smith, Esq., Chairman, Szc., of the Anti-Corn.law
League. Mr. Acland has published ar, address, in which
he announces that he will resign his pretensions on Satur-
day ( this day), and adds " John Bowring, Esq., LL.D.,
whose parliamentary conduct and experience, and whose
talent and literary reputation, are sach as to render eulo-
glum needless, has been applied to by the Council of the
League, and is hourly expected to consant to offer himself;
but so anxious and determined 'are the gentlemen of the
League to redeem our pledge, that all suspense shall now
speedily terminate; and so well-founded and earnest is
our assurance concerning Dr. Bowring, that if from any
unforeseen circumstances the Learned Gentleman should
disappoint our expectations, John Benjamin Smith, E,q.,
one of her Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the county
of Lancaster, President of the National Anti-Corn-law
League, and President of the Manchester Chamber of
Commerce, will, under every disadvantage of not having
Leen prepafed for such an undertaking, himself become
your candidate.

" In or der yet further to appease and satisfy you, I have
the honour to nuounee that Mr. Smith will positively be
here to-morrow, prepared with Dr. Bowring's decision,
and to offer either that gentleman or himself to the electors
of Walsall, as that decision may dictate."

WEST INDIES.

FALMnUTTI THrIRSDAY 'MORNING.
rt. r Majesty's packet i)114/1, Licut. Cioki..r, has
er-
rived from the West Indies. Our advices are ischted,
u fortunately. owing to this vessel's coming in pri .r to
ho return of the preceding packet, the Pigeon, selich
embarked hence the mails of Oct. 1, Ln 1 we apprehend
left Cape Henri for this port, three days before the Ty
rian. The dates furnished are from Jamaica, Oct. 27,
Cape Henri (St. Domingo) Dec. 1.
Intelligence had been received at Jamaica, via Boston,
from London, to Oct. 20th, before the Tyrian's mails of
the 15th were received there, affording an ad&-
tional practical evidence of the advantages of a
scam communication. The barque Brilliant, from Liver-
pool to Kingston, struck on a rocky reef adjoining Carlisle
B ay, on November 191. h. The weather being fortunately
eArn, however, and several small craft having been des-
patched from Kingston to lighten her, there was every
probability of her being got off. Some correspondence
had appeared in the Jamaica papers on the propriety of the
local Legislature causing a portion of its immigration fund
to be expended in the introduction of camels es x d:!sAe-
ri%tum for the abridgment of the necessity of manual la-
bour : all parties appeared to believe and feel that imn.c-
diate ultra means were required to he in operation to nihin-
tain the well-being of the island and of their own individual
interests.

The House of Assembly had been engaged in discussing
several questions ; the following are among the bills which
hal been introduced. An Amendment Bill for the Re-
gulation of Banks not Incorporated; Rum Duty Bill;
Pilotage and Quarantine Regulation Bills. The Militia
Bill : its provisions do not extend to the affecting of any
commissions already held, while the men already enrolled
are held liable to serve for three years ; there arc no less
than 90 clauses in this Bill ; the police, quit-rent, election
law, and clergy law amendments, punishment of perjury,ex-
tension of the p iwers of Justices, cruelty to animals, re •
gistry of fire-arms, and a host of others. COOL were to be
distributed among the sufferers by the late fire at Mon.
tego. The Directors of the Planters' Bank had prayed
for an Act of Incorporation. A memorial from both sec-
tions of the Legislature had been prepared, praying her
Majesty for the remission of the Jamaica lean. But, per-
haps, the most important of the legislative proceedings, in
c'brineetion with the mother country, is a proposed Act on
export and import duty. The general sentiment on this
measure appeared to be that no additional charge on ex-
ports should be made ; but, on imports of all luxuries, and
all wearing apparel, an additional per centage might ad-
vantageously be rut on to provide a revenue to meet the
public. exigencies. The intelligence from the other islands
is satisfactory on the whole ; on some properties the
coloured population► work well, but from others doleful
complaints arc received.
Freight per Tyrian, 105,000 dollars more or less.
The American ship Ontario passed up Channel yesterday.
—Morning Herald.