The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-04 00:00:00

JaralA

LONDON, WEDNESDAY. FEBRUARY 4, 1846.

Their Lordships met at Five o'clock.
Several petitions were presented, praying for protec-
tion•to agrioultetre, from Melton, Seacombe, and sevefal
other Paces.
Lord Idc.:TEAdLZ moved for_ certain returns with
to anion, which was agreed to.
respect to local
The Loap'CrrANcELLort laid on their Lordships' table
a Bill to relieve her Majesty's subjects from certain dis-
abilities with regard to religious opinions, which, after
a short discussion, was read a first, and ordered to be
read a second time.
Their Lordships then adjourned.

The House sat at Four o'clock.
Mr. MOSTYN, for Lichfield, Mr. STUART, .or Newark,
and .Mr. SPENCER WALroLE, for Midhurst, took the
oaths and their seats.
Several petitions wore presented for railway Bills.
A new writ was ordered for Chichester, in the room
of Lord ARTHUR Lziiivox, who had accepted the
stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds.
Sir R.P.,EEL, adverting to the alterations he proposed
to make in the tariff, observed with respect to timber,
that they proposed to make ultimately a reduction in the
differential duties upon foreign timber, so that thc duty
should rentip, After the reduction had been made, at 15

instead of the present amount. On hewn timber the
duty was at present 255., and it was proposed to reduce it
to 15s. With regard however to timber from the Baltic, it
was not intended that the reduction should be immediate,
but that it should commence on the sth of April, 1847;
that on that day the reduction should be 55., and on
that day twelvemonth a further reduction of ss. should
take place. It was intended to reduce the duty on sawn
timber 6s. on the sth of April, 1847, and 6s. on the sth
of April, 1848; and with respect to small timber a pro-
portionate reduction would be made, but whether that
should take place immediately was subject for future
consideration.
Mr. ELPIIINSTONE moved for a return of the incomes
during the years 1814 and 1845 of the archbishops and
bishops of England and Wales, stating by how much
the income of each bishop is greater or less than the in-
comes proposed in the preamble of the Act 6 and 7
WILLIAM IV., cap. 77.
Mr. CoLLETT thought That the bishops sitting in the
House of Lords was the concentrated essence of all that
was objectionable and bad.
The motion was then agreed O.
Mr. WODEHOUSE moved for certain returns with
respect to local taxation, which were agreed to.
Sir CHARLES NAPIER obtained leave to bring in
a Bill to amend the laws relating to the civil depart-
ment of the navy.

Sir J. GRAUAM, in answer to a question from Sir W.
JOLLIFFE, said it was not the intention of the Govern-
ment to bring in a Bill with re3pcct to the consolidation
of turnpike trusts in England and Wales during the
present session.

Mr. EWART, at the suggestion of Sir J. GRAHAM,
postponed his motion with respect to Van Diemen's
Land, which stood for Thursday, to a future day.
Mr. WODEUOUSE moved for a copy of the warrant, or
other document of authority, by which IL S. CHA.PMAN,
Esq., Assistant-Commissioner under the commission
appointed to inquire into the condition of hand-loom
weavers, and acting in that capacity in the West Ridirg
of Yorkshire in 1838, and was afterwards appointed
Chief Judge of the Supreme Court at Willington, in
New Zealand, in 1843, and for other papers connected
with that subject.—Ordered.

Mr. MILES wished to know whether Lord ASHLEY
had accepted any office under the Crown, as he under-
stood he had resigned his seat.
Sir R. PEEL said the Noble Lord had, he had: ac-
cepted the Chiltern Hundreds.
Mr. MILES observed, that if such was the case he
should move for a new writ fur Dorsetshire.
Sir R. PEEL said the llon. Member could not do that
until certain forms had been gone through.

The Public Works (Ireland) Bill was read a third time
and passed.
Sir JAMES GRAHAM, in answer to a question, said that
it was the intention of the Lord Chancellor, on an early
day, to bring in a Bill with respect to Charitable Trusts,
The House then adjourned.

The accounts from the United States, brought by the
last packet, though not so hostile and offensive in their
character as those previously received, aro still, we
regret to say, by no means satisfactory. Many impor-
tant questions had been brought forward in both
Houses of Congress, lengthened discussions had fol-
lowed, and several divisions also had taken place, but
these divisions decided nothing. All the main points
at issue between England and America remain un-
settled, and-the best news we can communicate simply is,
that Members are taking time to consider, as well as to
obtain additional information from Europe. This shows
some sense of propriety, and a wish to deliberate
maturely before involving the country in any hazardous
or rash undertakings. We rejoice that such a disposition
prevails, because it leaves time for reflection ; it
enables the country to weigh the propositions laid before
Congress, and to balance the advantages and disadvan-
tages which may be the consequence of a contest with
Great Britain. We cordially hope that the peace party
will be listened to, and that such able and good men as
WEBSTER and CALHOUN, and ethers who adopt their
policy, and are desirous of the real interest and glory of
their country, will in time stop the rage for new acqui.
sitions, and re-establish the great principles of the con-
stitution so strongly inculcated by WASHINGTON. But,
judging from the votes taken hitherto in Congress, we look
upon this as a task of no ordinary difficulty. The control of
the Executive, and even of their national assembly over the
people, is extremely limited. Each state is disposed to
judge and act for itself, the people scarcely recognise
any legitimate authority, and all those living on the
borders of independent districts more rich than their
own, are not scrupulous as to what to covet, and what
they covet they generally make their own, unless re-
strained by powerful neighbours. Texas was acquired
solely because Mexico could not defend her own pro-
perty; California, unless the invasion be checked by the
interference of European powers, will share tho same
fate ; and Canada would be added to the list
but for the determined spirit of its bravo inha-
bitants, and the powerful protection of the mother coun-
try. It is easily to be seen, therefore, why such
anxiety is manifested to get rid of European interference,
to debar England and France, and every other power in
every other quarter of the globe, except America, from
either forming settlements or adopting measures for
their own security, by maintaining a balance of power
among the different independent states. This pretension,
though apparently disowned by Mr. CALHOUN, is evi-
dently a great favourite with him, and he rejects its im-
mediate adoption, siniply because the time for action is
not yet come, the " pear is not ripe," America is not
able to contend with Europe ; but when her strength is
consolidated, when she has reached the age of maturity,
and can act boldly, then is the moment to set all the
meddling European powers at defiance. But even this
advocate of peace claims control at present over other states
in the New World than those of the north, and scruples not
to use most violent language towards the SOVEREIGNS of
Great Britain and France for protecting the property and
lives of their subjects against the violence of Rosns.
That we may not be charged with imputing to him
principles which he does not profess, it may be proper
to give his own words both respecting our interference
in the River Plata, and the reasons why he could not
agree to tho motion of Mr. ALLEN. That Member
proposed that Congress should solemnly declare to the
civilised world the unalterable resolution of tho United
States to enforce the principle, that any effort of the
Powers of Europe to intermeddle in the social organisa-
tion or political arrangements of the independent na-
tions of America, or establish new colonies, would
incur the prompt resistance of the United States.
" These resolutions," said Mr. CALHOUN, " em-
braced a principle of action which called for
most solemn declarations on the part of the Senate. It
afforded matter for consideration how far this resolution
could bo efficiently acted upon, if adopted. No man
could view with stronger feelings of opposition all im-
pertinent-interference of the Powers of Europe in the
affairs of this continent than himself. And he
would now take occasion to say, that the late
extraordinary interference of Great Britain and
Fiance in the political domestic relations of Buenos
Ayres, was an outrage unprecedented in its cha-
racter. But the 'great question here suggested was,
were they now prepared to take this whole continent
under their protection? Had they reached that state of
maturity to admit of this wide and exclusive guardian-
ship? Were they prepared to take all the consequences
that must grow out of the assumption of such a po-
licy as was there indicated? If they were deter-
mined to take the course indicated by the resolutions,
if they indicated anything, they might as well at
once call into action the whole energies of the country.
They wanted time." This is plain speaking, and neither
England nor France can fail to see that the principle is
to be the guiding star of the people, as soon as they are
able to defend themselves. Even the outrageous resolu-
tions of Mr. ALLEN, as far as we can judge, from the
mode in which the Senate records its votes, were not de-
cidedly rejected, for "the notice of introduction" was laid
on the table, and the temporary defeat, if defeat
it can be called, was obtained by a majority of only five,
there being 23 for their immediate adoption, and 28
against it. The motion on the Oregon question, for an-
nouncing to Great Britain that the joint occupation
shall cease in twelve months, was also simply post-
poned; so that, in fact, matters remain exactly as they
were at the commencement of the session. We deplore
these circumstances, though from the first our expecta-
tions of a peaceable settlement of the differences were
not sanguine, and we deplore them the more, because all
parties insist on demands which Great Britain never can
accede to. The difference between them is only as to
the time for action.

higher than it was at the end of 1842. Not a single
acre of land has been thrown out of cultivation in Eng-
land in consequence of this increase of importation;
not a grain less of corn of any description has
been grown in Great Britain, and but for the Cus-
tom-house returns, the agriculturists of Great Britain
would never have been aware that any grain at all had
been imported from Ireland. Now, when some century
ago it was proposed to admit Irish agricultural
produce duty free, the proposition was met
by the protectionists of that day with the
same unmeaning clamour with which the pro-
positions of Sir ROBERT PEEL have been met in
this. Then, as now, the great bucolic mind
saw ruin in plenty, and the Dukes of GEORGE
11., like those of VICTORIA, fancied that they
themselves could not live, unless they starved every one
else. We all remember the howl of despair that was
set up at the time of the passing of the Canada Corn
Bill. For two years that Bill has been in operation—
for two years Canadian flour has been permitted to enter
the British market, and now the price of flour is actually
higher than it was before the Bill passed. That similar
results will follow [rem the carrying out the plan pro-
posed by Sir ROBERT PEEL we see no reason to
doubt, and however paradoxical it may appear, we
verily believe that the farmer will get a batter price for
his wheat under a free-trade system, than ho can under
a system of protection. This seeming paradox,
however, is easily explained. The area of England
does not, and cannot, grow wheat sufficient for
the support of its population, and the con-
sequence is, that to quote the words of a great
clerical protectionist, " Some millions rejoice in pota-
toes." These millions are potato-eaters, because there
is not enough corn grown in the country to en-
able them to eat bread. Admit foreign corn, and
these millions immediately become bread-eaters.
The supply of bread in England has never yet
been equal to the demand ; and it is only when the
supply is greater than the demand (and all the
surplus corn at present in Europe and America, if poured
into our markets at once, could not create a glut)—.it is, we
repeat, only when the supply is greater than the demand
that there can be such a fall of price as can be detri-
mental to the agriculturists. As a proof that such an
event is not likely ever to take place, we will
only allude to the cry of over-population so
constantly raised by the landed protectionists, and
to the schemes of emigration which they propose as its
remedy, Now what is the meaning of over-population—
it means under-feeding: there are too many mouths for
the supply of food, and our protectionists instead of
adopting the easy, simple, and economical remedy of
bringing the food to the mouths, choose rather to send
the mouths to the food, from some vague and false notion
which they entertain, that as producers of food their in-
terests are at variance with those of the community.

Yesterday monopoly stood forth upon the hustings of
Lewes, in all the triumph of harlcquinade, in all the
pomp of ridicule, in all the rich and lavish luxury of
self-eulogium. Mr. DARBY, the late representative, was
not present, and he was apotheosised by a Mr. ELLPIAN:
Mr. FREWEN was present, and he was declared to be
duly elected, at the nomination of the neighbouring pro-
tectionists. To say that the multitude of non-electors in
front of the hustings had decidedly the best of the ar-
gument throughout ; to say that they interspersed the
proceedings with running commentaries at once pithy
and intolerably true ; to say that the principal
orator was chiefly remarkable for his mixture
of threats, and entreaties, and doggrel attempts
at facetiousness, is to say everything that can
be said of the character of the recent return of an anti-
Ministerial Member for East Sussex. Wonderful was
the dogged and leaden-headed perseverance of the agri-
cultural party in braving
.the jeers of their auditory ;
wonderful were their expressions of indignation at what
they appeared to regard as the turpitude ,of the Pre-
mier; but doubly wonderful was their assumption of
confidence in the stability of their very composite
protection-fabric—at the very moment the earthquake
of Free Trade was 'rumbling under its foundations, at
the very moment when its component parts were
dropping piecemeal to the ground. When feelings of
astonishment were muttered among the parties present
at what seemed exceedingly like indolence on the
part of the League, Mr. SnELEY, an avowed abolitionist,
steps forward with a few sentences of explanation. This ex-
planation was absolutely summed up in the very significant
remark, that " his hearers were doubtless aware that it was
probable there would shortly be a general election ;" but, in
case the deduction might not be sufficiently obvious, he de-
clared his intention of then " trying his chance." To dilate
upon the species of rhetoric employed by the agricultural
gentlemen would be tantamount to a ninety-ninth encore;
the same materials having been called again into requisition,
which have now been shuttle-cocked all through the anti-
repeal forces. The successful candidate on the termination
of the regular details appeared (to revive an obsolete but ex-
pressive phrase) little better than mumchance ; in this he
acted with temporary prudence; his behaviour in that
respect is worthy of more general imitation.

We understand that the Select Committee on Rail.
ways are not likely to present any report till next week.
In the meantime a number of railway Bills have gone
to-day before the Committees on Petitions for Private
Bills, and it is to be presumed that no interference will
now take place with the usual course of proceeding with
railway Bills.

Madrid journals of the 27th ult. have been received,
but we find no news in them. Accounts from Barcelona
of the 26th, and said to be official, announce that only
the ringleader of the insurgents made prisoners, who
took up arms in the " Ampurdan," will be shot at Ge-
rona, the remaining nineteen being condemned to the
galleys.
The Spanish Funds continued firm. On the 27th the
Three per Cents. closed on the Madrid Bourse at 33i
cash and 3311. at 60 days ; the Five per Cents. at 23i at
60 days.

In the French Chamber of Peer:;, on Monday, M.
REMUSAT brought forward his amendment, which was
founded on the sixth paragraph of the Address, relative
to the friendly relations between Franco and England,
and moved that the following words be added:—" But
in order that these relations be consolidated, it is neces-
sary that the two Governments, while acting in concert
in the circumstances in which their interests are com-
mon, guard with care in the two worlds the full inde-
pendence of their political action." In urging his amend-
ment, M. RNMUSAT argued that France acted subordi-
nately to England with regard to her policy towards the
United States, that such conduct was contrary to the
policy hitherto adopted by France, and in opposition to
her real interests. He believed war would not break
out, but still he thought France should declare that she
would remain totallyindependent, so as to choose anycourse
that might be advisable. M. GuazoT said he perfectly
agreed with the proposition, that a great nation should
retain its independence ; but there wa;, he considered,
something beyond the expression of that idea in the
proposed amendment. It contained a reproach against
the Ministry—an expression of mistrust, and he should
therefore move its rejection. M. TRIERS, who we
believe is the mainspring of all these amendments, then
addressed the Chamber, and maintained that the Go-
vernment had adopted a mischievous policy by inter-
fering at all in the affairs of Texas. It was done solely
to please England, and the affairs of the Government
altogether were not conducted on any principles of good
sense. M. GUIZOT briefly replied, and said ho could
not admit the Hon. Member to be a monopolist of all
the good sense in the country. The Chamber then
divided, when there were—
For the amendment
Against it

Majority for Ministers

There was, yesterday, laid on the table of the
a return, showing the quantities of wheat, barley, Houseaed
oats, imported into Great Britain from Ireland during
the years 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845. The number of
quarters of wheat imported in 1842 was 112,195, and
this quantity had gone on increasing year by year, until
in 1845 it amounted to 372,719. The import of
barley had increased from 50,287 quarters, in 1842,
to 93,095, in 1845, and that of oats, from
1,274,326 quarters, in 1842, to 1,679,958 quarters, in
1845. Now, what has been the effect of this gradually
increased importation upon the English grain market ?
Has it brought down the price of corn ? On the con-I
trary,.the price of corn at the end of 1845, after
this =reused importation had taken place, was

We are glad to find that one of the Opposition journals,
usually hostile towards England, has acted an indepen-
dent part with regard to the repeated amendments pro-
posed by several Members of the Right and Left. The
Courricr Francais regard tho outbreaks of M. BERRYER
as " an instance alike of bad taste and bad policy, and
asks whether it was becoming to launch out into
philippics against England at the moment when news
had arrived of those admirable financial reforms, which,
if adopted, will double the sale of French produce in
England. Was it becoming in a leader of the Legitiraatist
party, which when lost was raised again into life by
England, to make this furious attack uponthe English ?"
The Journal des Debuts says :—"The Commission ap-
pointed to revise the budget for 1847 is actively em-
ployed with that work. As compared with later years,
the budget presents no essential difference. Like them,
it is much more considerable than what we were accus-
tomed to see eighteen or twenty years ago. This aug.
mentation has principally arisen from the increase in the
budgets for Public Works and Public Instruction, and in
that of the War Department, which may bo accounted
for by the war in Africa. The budget of 1830 was
973,000,000 f., 187,000,000 f. of which was for the War
Department, and 34,000,000 f, for Public Works. At
present, the total amount demanded fcr the budget is,
we believe, 1,335,000,0001., the amount for defraying the
expenses of the War Department being 325,000,000 f.,
and that for the Public Works 152,000,0001. The War
budget has not quite doubled, that of Public Works more
than quadrupled, and that
.of Public Instruction, although
of an amonnt much inferior to the two previous depart-
ments, has incressed five-fold. From 3,500,000 f. it has
risen to 18,000,000 f.
66A pram of the French cruisers," ays the Con.

THE SUN, :.01\11.30N, WEDNESDAY EVENING-, FEBRUARY 4,

stitutionnel, " have already taken their stations along
the western coast sf Africa. Their sojourn at the Cape
Verd Islands was very short, in consequence of the
prevalence there of the yellow fever. Every precaution
had been adopted to avoid the scourge, and fortunately
with success. The coast had been divided into three
zones, the first extending from the Bisago Islands, near
the Senegambia, to Three Point Cape ; the second,
from the latter to Cape Negro ; and the third, from that
cape to the small bay situate at the extremity of the
Desert coast. The second zone, containing the greater
number of suspicious points, will be the object of the
strictest surveillance."

Portsmouth Direct • • • • • • • • 334 •• • • 434 .. ••to
Scottish Central .. • • • • • • 74 .. •. .. • • to
—.„

Ditto New • • • • • • • • • • .. 2g.... 8%.•.. to 9%
Scottish Midland .. .. • • • • 5 .• • • 6 • • to
Shrewsbury and Birmingham .. • . 2% • • 31,4 14 %to
Shropshire Union . •. • • .. 425..... 'Adis.... to

South Midland • .• .. • • • • 425..... .-.2%% pto
South Staffordshire Junction • • • • 2%.. • • 3 ••.. to
South Eastern and Dover .• • • • • 33% .. • • 38% .... to 39
Ditto, New, Ne. 3 • • • • • • • • 10_ •• • • 12 .. • • to

Ditto, Now, No. 4 • • • • • • • • 2% • • • • 3% % • • to
Trent Valley • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 • • • • 211 % .. to
Yarmouth and Norwich .. • • .. 20 .• • • 28% • • . • to 28
York and Lancaster • • • • • • • •
_2% • • • •
_l% .. to

We find the following in the Echo of Oran of the
23d ult. :

Ditto, Scarborough Branch .. .. 25 .... 50— ... •to
Ditto, Extension • • . • .. .. 15 •• . • 34% .... to 34
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.

"Abel-el-Kader, pursued to the south-west of the Ouarrn-
senis by Marshal Bugeaud, and then by the columns of
Generals Lamoriciere and Jussuff, is said to have made a
detour, and an attack in the east towards Goudjila. It is
also said that he has made a razzia on the Rahmans, only a
few leagues from the columns of General Marcy, and after-
wards retired in a direction which has not been discovered.
There is every reason to believe that he has moved towards
the south, where, during the winter, he will find provisions
and gain partisars. Ben Salem has roused himself into ac-
tion again. He has quitted the Jurjura, and, with a small
troop, has advanced five or six leagues to the south of Fort
Ilaniza, where, it is said, lie has made a razzia on some of
the isolated douars of the Auled Dris, but the tribes which
remain faithful to us have assembled, made an, attack upon
him in return, and retaken a great part of his booty."
A letter from Algiers, of Jan. 23, in the Sertinelle de
Toulon, states that amongst the number of persons who
were brought in a frozen state to the ho:pital of Setif,
from the 4th to
.the 7th tilt., there were eighteen
officers, several of whom had to undergo ampatation of
both legs.
On Monday the Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse at
83f. 80c. ; the New Loan, at 83f. 80c. ; the Five per Cents., 123 f.
20c. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,273 f. 75c.; Rouen, 1,006 f. 25c. ;
Havre, 720 f.; Avignon, 985 f.
Vierzon, 696 f. 25e. ; Bordeaux, 642 f.
60c.; Boulogne, 540 f.; Basle, 266 f. 25e.; Great Northern, 756 f. 25c. ;
Fampoux, 495 f. ; Spanish Three per Cents., 39 ; ditto Passives, 634.

Dutch Rhenish • •

••. 5 •
.714%.. to