The Sun.
London, England, 1848-11-15 00:00:00

N0.17,516.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY E N

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND
ANNUITY SOCIETY.
3, Parliament-street, London.
I:3lassmts—Messrs. Cocks, Iliddulph, and Co., Charing-cross.
ACTUARY AND SECRETARY—Arthur Scratchley, Esq., M.A., F.R.A.S.
In addition to the ordinary plans of Life Assurance, this Society
possesses several features which present peculiar and important ad-
vantages to the public.
Attention is specially invited to tke rates of Annuity granted to
Old Lives, for which ample security is provided by the lar.ie capital
of the Society.
EXAMPLE :—.ZIOO cash paid down, purchases—
An Annuity of Xi° 4 oto a Male Life aged GO Payable
12 3 1 65 so long
14 16 3 • • 70 as he
18 I 1 0 75 lives.
The Annuities are payable Half-yearly ; aid the first half-year's
Annuity Is paid Six Months after the purchase-money is received.
All expenses of the Annuity Deed are defrayed by the Society.
Inforwation, free a expense, can be obtained from the Actuary,
No. 3, Parliament-street, London ; or from any of the Society's
Agents in the Country.

ONDON and METROPOLITAN COUN-
TIES' BENEFIT BUILDING and INVESTMENT SO-
CIETY, established on permanent principles, pursuant to Act of
Parliament, 6 and 7 William IV., c. 32, on a new and equitable
principle of subscription both for Infesting and Borrowing Members.

Shares Each.

One Hundred Pounds .. • •
Fifty Pounds.... ......
Twenty-five Pounds......
For

I Monthly Payments I Entrance Fee per
per rhare. Share.

13s. Od.

6s. 6d.

3s. 3d.
Ten Years only.

2s. 6d.
Is. Gd,
Is. Od.

No bidding for Advances; no Redemption Fee ; and no Fines on
withdrawal of Subscriptions.

TRUSTEES.
Thomas Somers Cocks, Esq., M.P., Charing-cro!s.
Henry Coe Cospe, Esq., Winchester House, Putney.
Edmund Lucas, Esq., Mihbank-street, Westminster, and Wands-
worth.

THE PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL
LIFE ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION (enrolled under the
Friendly Sozieties' Acts) and BENEVOLENT FUND.

42, Aloorgate-street, London.
TRUSTEES.

Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. I W. G. Prescott, Esq.
Thomas Hankey, jun., Esq. Baron L. De Rothschild, M.P.
Treasurer of the Benevolent Fund—John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.

Every description of LIFE ASSURANCE effected daily.
Detailed rrospectuses, showing the very peculiar advantages of-
fered by this Association, may be had at the Office, 42, Moorgate-
street.

October, I$4S.

THOMAS II ULLIND ER, Secretary.

MILLS to be SOLD, or LET.—The PAPER
MILTS on the River Colne, at Horton, Rucks, about a mile-
and-a-halt from a Station on the South-Western Railway.
Apply to Sudlows, Torr, and Janeway, 3s, Bedford-row.

NEW LIGH T.-BY ROYAL LETTERS
PATENT. CLARK'S DIAMOND OIL LAMP. Its equal is
neknown, its superior will never come. By recent Royal Letters
Patent, improvements are added, making it faultless. This is not
asserting more than its merits justify. The best of lights, the most
economical of all. It cannot be mis-managed. No cleaning required
for years. Can be had at all prices and fo- every use. Any lamp
can be fitted with the Diamond principle.
To be had only at the Establishment of the METROPOLITAN
LIGHT COMPANY, RICHARD CLARK, Resident Manager, 447,
West Strand, corner of Adelaide-street.

NICOLL'S REGISTERED PALETOT.—This
most gentlemanly and useful over-coat retains its original mo-
derate price, and being adapted for the autumn and winter months,
has already been honoured with the patronage of his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, Prince George of Cambridge, Prince Edward of Saxe-
Weimar, his Grace the Duke of Wellington, and the chief ornaments
of the Court, the Pulpit, and the Bar. The above can be obtained
In London only of It. J. and D. NICOLL, 114, 116, 120, Regent-
street, and 22, Cornhill.

SUEFFIELD PLATE, of the richest Quality.—
A. B. SAYORT and SONS beg respectfully to inform the
Public that they continue to supply the SHEFFIELD PLATED
ARTICLES, with Silver Mountings and Edges, of the same old rich
quality of silver plating which has secured their house so large a
share of the public patronage during a period of 90 years. The
shaw-rooms contain a splendid variety. A pamphlet is published,
with engravings of silver-plated table dish-covers, venison-dishes,
corner-dishes, waiters, cruet-frames, table candlesticks, candelabra,
&e. ; and will be sent, free of expense, in answer to a paid letter.
A. B. Savory and Sens, Manufacturing Silversmiths, 14, Corsthill,
London, opposite the Bank of England.

Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPA-
CITY, &ND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. In postage stamps,
pHE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
.vith remarks on Marriage, end the means of obviating certain dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 2G Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., 19, Berners-stroet, Oxford-street, London.
Published by the Authors : sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ;
Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Starle, 23, Titehborne-
street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of Hie re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive indul-
gence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental
and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity.
ft is illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary er secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. The consequences of early neglect and of the abuse
of mercury, are also clearly pointed out. This section is illustrated
by Seventeen Coloured Engravings.
PART IV. treats of the Prevention of Disease by a simple ap-
plication, by which the danger of infection is obviated. Its action
;s simple but sure. It acts with the virus chemically, and destroys
its power en the system. This important part of the Work should
be read by every Young Man entering into life.
PAST Y. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its
Julies. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and
the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
THRCORDIAL BALM OF STRIAOUM is exclusively employed in treat-
uag nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., lls .and 335. per
bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood In cases of infection, secondary symp-
:oms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, I Is. and 335. per bottle.
ferry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. ed., 4s. 6d., and 1 is. per box, a
certain ,emedy in gonorrhoea, gleet, strictures, and chronic inflamma-
tion of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, 1/. al. Packets
with advice to be had at the Fatablishment only, by which the fee,
IL, is saves. Attendance daily at 19, Bernera-street, from Eleven
ill Two, and Five to Eight; on Sundays from Eleven to One.

ON NERVOUS DEBILITY AND GENERATIVE DISEASES.
Just published, the Thirty-sixth Thousand, an improved edition, re-
vised and corrected, 120 pages, price 2s. in a sealed envelope, or
forwar led by the Author, post paid, to any address, secure from

observation: for 28. Gd., in postage stamps, illustrated with nu-
merous Anatomical Coloured Engravings.
VrANHOOD: the CAUSES of its PREMA-
YIL TITRE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for its PERFECT
RESTORATION.

A Medical Essay on tkoso Diseases of the Generative Organs,
emanating from Solitary and Sedentary Habits, indiscriminate Ex-
cesses, the Effects of Climate and Infection, &c., addressed to the
sufferer in Youth, Manhood, and Old Age; with Practical Remarks
on Marriage, the Treatment and Cure of Nervous and Mental De-
bility, Impotency, Syphilis, and other Urine-Genital Diseases, by
which even the most shattered constitution may be restored, and
reach the full period of life allotted to Man. The whole illustrated
with numerous Anatomical Engravings on Steel, in colour, explain-
ing the various tunctions, secretions, and structures of the repro-
ductive Organs in heaith and disease ; with instructions for private
correspondence, eases, &c.
By J. L. CURTIS, Surgeon,
7 , Frith-street, Soho-square, London.

Manhood.' A Medical Work.—To the gay and thought less we
trust this little work will serve as a beacoa to warn them of the
danger attendant upon the too rash indulgence of their pa4sions,
whilst to some it may serve as a monitor in the hour of tempta-
tion, and to the afflicted as a sure guide to health."—Chrouicle.
Manhood.' By J. L. Curtis.—Their long experience and re-
putation in the treatment of these painful diseases is the patient's
guarantee, and well deserves for the work its immense cirulation."
—Era.

Curtis on Manhood' should be In the hands of youth and old
age. It is a medical publication, ably written, and developes the
treatment of a class of painful maladies which has too long been
the prey of the illiterate and the designing."— United Service
Gazette. _ _

The Parent, who beholds his beloved child pining away, and fast
approaching to a premature grave, in consequence of some disease,
which, for want of careful investigation of its real cause, has been
set down to the score of consumption, will, en perusing this work,
be astonished to find, that in nice-tenths of the cases of young per-
sons of both sexes, who perish of what is called pulmonary con-
sumption, heart disease, tabes, &c., the sole and exclusive origin has
peen the indulgence in certain destructive habits practised by youth
much more frequently than it is at all suspected.
N.B. Hours of consultation from Eleven till Two, and Six to
Eight in the EvenlnY.

L 0 V E is the leading feeling of the human
breast. More exalted than mere passion, it soars high above
every other impulse of nature, and is not only stronger than avarice,
but more engrossing even than ambition. No man is exempt from
its influence, or can avoid its sway; and business, pleasure, philo-
sophy, and divinity itself become neglected under the enthralling
power of LOVE, which, unlike most things, increases in intensity
with time, until it receives the sacred consummation of marriage.
When union does not take place, however, this passion, this
fervour, this golden tide of the manliest feelings becomes a deadly
poison in the heart, which now darkens, as it before bright-
ened, all things upon earth. How is it that men, of most un-
changeable habits, will change at the very altar, and after a life-
time spent in the fulfilment of every engagement, snap the very con-
tract asunder which should be most binding to an honourable mind?
It is the effect of conscience. The Lover, by enervation of early
habits, or the results of secret disease, knows himself to be
disqualified, and dares not enter a state which has bean
instituted by Divine Law for the fulfilment of important
ends. The wretched condition of such a being must subsequently be
beyond measure deplorable I Loving and beloved, he entails the
most miserable disappointments on the object of his choice, and upon
himself a desolation the most horrible, when the simple possession of
natural attributes would change the scene, and yield to both a life of
unalloyed happiness. The subject is interesting, and deserves the
attention of all. These desirous of investigating it will find the
fullest and most satisfactory information in the little work entitled
SELF-PRESERVATION,

illustrated by forty coloured engravings on the anatomy, physiology,
and diseases of the reproductive organs; with practical observa-
ions on the secret infirmities of youth and maturity, resulting from
solitary habits, excesses, o: infection.
By SAMUEL LA'MEIT, M.D.,
Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the "University or
Edinburgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Mall, London, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
This treatise is the result of a long course of study in a peculiar and
much neglected branch of medical practice, and the author having ob-
tained the highest medical honours, is a guarantee for his profes-
sional experience, which has reference almost solely to the treat-
ment of these diseases.

PUBLICATIONS.

LEIGH HUNT'S ACCOUNT OF LONDON.

Now ready, in 2 vols. pest Bvo., with Forty-five Illustrations, price

its. in embossed cloth,
rrH E T 0 W N
ITS MEMORABLE CHARACTERS AND EVENTS,

(From St. Paul's to St. James's).
By LEIGH HUNT.
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Conlin

Nov ready, in four vols. Bvo., cloth lettered, price 31.,
(Dedicated, by permission, to his Royal— Highness Prince Alber

Chancellor of the University of Cambridge),
HISTORY of the PHILOSOPHY of MIND ;
embracing the opinions of all writers on Mental Science
from the earliest period to the present time. By ROBERT BLAKEY,
Esq., author of History of Moral Science ; Essay on Moral Good and
Evil ; Essay on Logic, &c.
This work contains notices of the latest authors in France, Bel-
gium, Holland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Italy, Spain,
the United States, &c. &c.
London : Trelays aey W. Saunders, 6, Charing-cross. Oxford: J.
H. Parker. Cambridge : Macmillan and Co. Edinburgh : Mac-
lachlan and Co. Dublin : 'lodges and Ssoith. Paris : Ladramre.
Leipzig : T. 0. Weigel. Florence : M. Molini, Brussels Bauman
and Co. New York : J. Wiley.

A R K I A G E.
. One half the wend are desolately single, and the other
<imposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, or a
,ense of right determine the former, and miscalculated hopes em-
itter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under the plea
)f* caution and worldly prudence, and the indissoluble, regret un-
eomprosing harry; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incapacity,
end broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic happiness
and social content. The dowry should net be the only marriage set-
tlement. Honour and justice demand that health should form an item
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Blighted hopes or
seglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Reader, if
these surmises concern yen, procure Dr. CULVERWELL'S little
AEMOIRS "On Single and Married Life, " pub. in 2 vols., Is.
each (by post, is stamps, ls. 6d. each). Let no imaginatively
refined, or prudish feeling deter you, by their titles, nor be hindered
oy misinterpretation of their sapposed contents, from obtaining
tiiera. They are not intended certainly for mere idle cariosity, but
tor the closet perusal of those more deeply interested, to whom
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrics.l trash put forth on
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which alone or
'.ogether, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore, two other
ittle publications claim your attention (same price ls. each,
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Drink, and
Avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are not merely
2amphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are they the
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the author's
tfe, who owes his present existence, health, and position to this ob-
iervanee of the maxims he would inculcate—to do unto others as he
would be done unto—to live alter satire's laws—and to keep always
on the " sunny side of the way." The above works may be had of
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Caryalho, 147, Fleet street • Mann,
39, Comilla ; Nilson, 457, West Strand ; or direct (by post or other-
wise) from the author (who may be conferred with personally,
mornings and evenings), 10, Argyll-place Regent-street ; and al!
Booksellers.

MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IN

21`11E WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, NOV. 11, 1848.
Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious Diseases ...*414
Diseases of Uncertain Seat ... ... ... ... 37
Turborcular Diseases... ... ... 166
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses... ... 131
Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels ... 45
Diseases of the Lungs, and other Organs of
Respiration ... 147
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver,-and other Organs
of Digestion... ... 71
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, Sze. ... 5
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles 14
Diseases of the Skin, &c. 2
Malformations... ... 1

Premature Birth
Atrophy ...

Old Age ...
Sudden.- -.

Violence, Privation, Cold, or Intemperance ... 21
Causes not specified ... ... ... ... ... 16

DEATHS FROM ♦LL CAUSES 1,165

Population Average weekly Deaths
Enumerated, Deaths, 1843-7. in the

1841 - Fire Summers. Week.
West Districts... 300,711 . . 142 ... 156
North D.,tricts.. 375,971 .. 182 ... 195
Central Distr:zts 373,653 ... 178 ... 235
East Dis►ricts ... 392,444 ... 219 ... 233
South Districts.. 501,190 ... 251 ... 346

T0ta15........ 1,948,369 ... 972 ... 1,165

Males ...
Females ...

... 586
... 519

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE MORNI24O PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TlMES.—Every Englishman imbibes from his earliest
youth a hatred of monopolies. His whole family may
be aristocratic and sinecurist. His society may be ex-
elusive. Every outward circumstance and inward dis
position may seem to be in favour of monopoly. But
nevertheless the instinct of freedom c.)mes out in one
form or in another. The child learns plain common
sense and rough mother English in the nursery; the first
fables he reads are " The Dog in the Manger," and a
few others directed against exclusive possession; the
young squire goes to school and is fagged by a young
cheesemonger; and when he comes to road Goldsmith
or Hume, he learns that what contributed as much as
anything to the unpopularity of the Stuarts were certain
hateful things called monopolies. Should he find Adam
Smith on his father's shelves, and turn over the leaves
to see what they are about, everywhere monopoly meets
his eye under some form of condemnation or other. In
fact, the very word is odious, and when monopolists have
to recommend the thing they are obliged to do what
the old Greeks did with the Furies—call it by
some pleasanter appellation. To call anything a
monopoly is to stigmatize it. It is giving the dog
a bad name. But who would have thought, in the face
of these old Ecglish prejudices and inveterate habitudes,
that it is now seriously proposed to give a few private
individuals a monopoly of the roads over half this
island—with the other half, if the monopoly answers?
We say roads, because for more than twenty miles it is
trifling to talk of any other roads than railroads. Rail-
roads are become second nature. -and are the habit and
right of all Englishmen. It is proposed to place half,
and eventually all, the islan4tat the mercy of A, B, and
C, certain shrewd men of leiss.ness, eaugly ensconced in
the board-room of a metropkAitan terminus. We have
no wish to deny that under existing circumstances some
purposes of public utility might be answered by uniting
and simplifying railway companies. What we have all
along contended for is, that new projects should be left,
not to a mad and ruinous competition, but to a board,
subject to the approbation of the Legislature. When,
therefore, a proposition appears containing some pro-
mise of unity, we must admit that so far it is good. Let
Messrs. A, B, and C govern all the railways of Great
Britain and Ireland, if need be, from a parlour at Euston-
square station or Threadneedle-street. They will not
throw away milli las in duplicate lines, and saddle the
public any more with the costs of competition and com-
mittee warfare. What we ask is this—that if such an
amalgamation be permitted, it shall be with the clear
understanding of an effective and continued control. The
company must not be encouraged in the false expecta-
tion of an absolute monopoly. The existing monopolies
enjoyed by the several companies within their own dis-
tricts must not be consolidated into one whole, without
some further restrictions, over and above those already
imposed on the separate companies. In monopolies ad-
dition is multiplication. Three equal monopolies add
up to more than thrice. The public should have new
compensation and security corresponding to the increase
of power it concedes. That security can only be found
in a continual and vigilant supervision, with a general
charge to consult the public interests, as far as is
compatible with a generous measures of justice to the
shareholders. It is utterly ridiculous to imagine that a
British Legislature, consisting of sane men and gen-
tlemen, should resign all the communications of the
country to an irresponsible private committee. But we
are told that railways are private property. So they are,
but they are public also. They are instead of our old
turnpike-roads and canals, which were actually open to
the public, subject to fixed tolls. Turnpike-roads have
always been held so public that no profit has been al-
lowed on them. What would have been thought of a
proposition fifty years since to consolidate all the turn-
pike trusts in the kingdom, with no further security for
the public? Nothing is so objectionable, and so con-
trary to the genius of a free people, as the farming of the
taxes or any other revenue drawn from the public ne-
cessities. The system of fiscal publicanism was the
most oppressive part of the old Roman rule. It was,
however, common to all the countries of Europe, and
was everywhere attended with one invariable result.
When the tax-farmer had his monopoly secure he
paid little respect to the rights of the people, squeezing
out of them as much as he could. He exacted
more than his due. There were occasionally persons in
that position that they were able to practise injustice on
both sides,—viz., by swelling the profit and beating down
the price they had to pay for it. No one but a great
man could do this—a monster monopolist—a great co-
alition of railway companies. If railways were a clear
addition to the means of the country, purchased by no
sacrifice, balanced by no public inconvenience, that at
least would constitute some ground for regarding them
as the private property of the constructors. But it is
notoriously and confessedly otherwise. The country at
large pa) s a great deal more for railways besides the
price of a ticket when one happens to want one. The
country suffers an immense amount of desightment and
injury to its surface. Our most beautiful valleys have
been cut up, our fairest streams crossed, diverted, strait-
ened, and sometimes choked by railways. Our meadows
have been swamped and rendered difficult of draining.
The fields about our towns, the Sunday walks
of the quiet population, have been destroyed
by huge embankments or overgrown stations.
Our suburbs have been rendered unhealthy,
and the ventilation of our streets impeded. Myriads who
have never received one sixpence of compensation have
had their houses rendered comfortless, their ears assailed,
and their views obstructed. Our parks and mansions
have received injury that no money can repair. Nay,
in many parts of the country the means of communica-
tion are reduced, owing to the stoppage of the old
coaches. Thousands of miles of highway have been
rendered comparatively useless, and a large class of un-
fortunate persons have been reduced in lite by the failure
of the turnpike trusts. We might add many other par-
ticulars of the like kind. The pressure on the national
resources, the ruin of ten thousand speculators, and the
innocent share which all the public, even the least specu-
lative, have had in the general calamity, must be added
to the enormous price England pays for her railways.
And yet, forsooth, they are private property. We have
given all this to serve private firms for their own proper
gain. For our part we denounce the doctrine altogether
as un-English and most unreasonable; and unless we
are much mistaken we shall have on our side a majority
of the Legislature, as well as much more than a majority
of the country.
CHRONlCLE.—lndependently of the effect which
the recent expositions of railway finance have had in
dispelling the suspicions entertained as to the intrinsic
soundness of the companies which have published them,
they have served a purpose of scarcely secondary im-
portance, in relieving the minds of those who are not
shareholders from a heavy load of anxiety and appre-
hension. It was impossible for any one, whose mind
was alive to considerations affecting most nearly the
commercial and fiscal interests of the country, to con-
template without alarm, though personally uninterested
in the question, the extraction of 130 millions more from
the pockets of those who, as
their
swell known, have
already been able to meet
by diverting their capital from itsliabilities only
proper chan-
nels, and starving their business that they might
pay their calls. Though the extent of
n
ef theo doubt mischief can
can
never be fully estimated, there of the
fact that the trade and industry of the country have, for
a long time past, sustained great injury and depression,
by the large and continued abstraction of money to rail-
way purposes, and scarcely less by the undefined appre-
hension of impending liabilities. It is, therefore, not
merely for the sake of individuals who had been so se-
verely visited by the consequences of their incautious
speculations, but on the broad grounds of public ex-
pediency, that we are entitled to regard with
feelings of great satisfaction the assurances
now afforded us of the comparatively limited
demands yet remaining to be made by the
principal companies. It is true that the information
which has yet been given is but partial, and the com-
panies which have published their accounts, though in
magnitude first-rate, are few in number. We do not
yet know, for instance, what may be the powers and
what the intentions of that group of railways in the
Midland, North Midland, and Eastern Counties, over
which Mr. Hudson presides; the South-Eastern direc-
tors have not yet spoken out ; the programme of the
Great Northern has still to be disclosed. There are
several railways, of a smaller class, in England, which
have not been amalgamated with the great trunk
lines; there are, again, such of the Irish lines as
have not been suspended or given up ; and some, also,
in Scotland, respecting which we lack information. It
would be extremely desirable that the aggregate of the
sums, which all these various undertakings propose to
call up or raise by loan, should be precisely ascertained,
and if any of the companies should hold back, and de-
cline to volunteer suoh statemeots, t would be no im-
proper stretch of the power of Piarliament to compel
them to be furnished. We are the more anxious that
the truth of this matter should be made known, because
we entertain a confident belief that even the more sober
computations which have been made are above the
mark, and that a disclosure of the real ultimate
liabilities of the country, in this respect, would
afford great relief to the public, and tend
much to a revival of that confidence which is
the great pre-requisite to a commercial reaction. We
will now place before our readers, in a summary form,
the amounts of capital, including both calls and loans,
which, according to the statements of the companies that
have hitherto published their bu lgets, the public will
still be required to furnish before the pending operations
on the several lines shall have been completed:—
Estimated Capital Required.
London and North-Western ... £2,630,766
Great Western ••• ••• 2,819,783
London and South-Western .• • 651,480
Yorkshire and Lancashire 2,352,824
Loudon and Brighton ... ••• 245,000

Total ... £3,699,853
The companies which the above summary includes are
nominally five; but those who have perused the various
schedules, of which their statements consist, will not
need to be informed that the sums with which they
charge themselves, both for the past and future, repre-
sent, in fact, not only the outlay upon their own proper
works, but a great part of the capital with which the
numerous subsidiary lines that cluster round each of the
main schemes are to be constructed. In the sums now
given are included the heavy subscriptions, in some cases