The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-07 00:00:00

since the defeat and dispersion of his followers

others the most habituated to its practice as one of

its to say, grace, smiles, aid elegance, di.l not perish any
more then Paris. The salons, of spl.ndid richness and
taste, glittered with sparkling lu.dres ; the gold of the
walls and ceilings and the fresh paintings dazzled
everywhere; flowers and shrubs covered the staircases
and vestibules. This delightful hotel, commenced under
the royalty of Louis Philippe, with all the luxury of
pure monarchies, was destined to be—who would have
believed it?—inaugurated by tha Republic; one would
have said it was destined to -Louis XIV. or the Regent,
and it serves as a residence to the President of the As
sembly born on the 24th of February. However, the
Republicans of the ',title were not more embarrassed
with these monarchical decorations than the Republicans
of the lendemain ; they very philosophically reconciled
themselves to them, and we may suppose, without too
much audacity, that the tenants of the lendemain find
that the palaces of the veille suit them admirably. From
a spirit of conciliation, fraternity, and harmony which
deserves praise, M. Amend Marrast invited men of all
parties and shades of opinion to this brilliant soiree. The
priacipal part of the gathering naturally consisted of the
Chamber of Representatives; the .Moniagne elbowed the
Plaine; the Provisionai Government jostled M. Dupin
sine and M. Duvergier de Hauraune. Literature, arts,
the National Guard, the Academy, our ;ntrepid army,
had also their envoys, without forge. tiug the garde mobile;
and it was not the least eurieu, and least. eignificative
spectacle to see these children of the people, recently
decorated for their bravery, mixed up with the brilliant
crowd, besieging the buffets, expediting ices, and devour-
ing cakes under the fire of chandeliers with the same
sung frold that they attacked the criminal irsurreetion
of the 24th of June under the fire of the barricades.
The guests sought out the men who had made the mselves
a name and played a part in these last six months, which
have been more fertile in events than years. General
Cavaignac especially attracted all looks ; every one, in
his resolved, intelligent, and honest physionomy, in
which intrepidity is united to a cast of melancholy,
sought and endeavoured to divine the secret anti last
word of the future. General Cavaignac wore a simple
black coat, and the ribbon of Commander of the Legion
of Honour round his neck. He conversed for a long
time with the Ambassador of England, Lord Normanby.
M. Armsnd Merrast exercised this first republican hos-
pitality with good grace and taste. The republicans
who do not love Athens will accuse him without doubt ;
for ourselves, we willingly congratulate him on this
Attic pexchant, even should it be a pretext of accusation
and reproach against him ; and we will confess that we
prefer the Republic which circulates gold among the
people by fetes, to that which dries it up by insurrec-
tion, the Republic which softens the mind and disarms
passions by arts, to that which irritates and envenoeas
them by hatred and envy, the Republic singing the airs
of Ro,sini to the Republic thundering murder and
pillage."
The Committee on the Constitution finished on
Friday its labours in common with the delegates of
the Bureaux. The majority of the Bureaux have
declared against Art. 109, interdicting substitutes in
the army. The Committee has now to prepare the
definitive wording of the draft which will then again
be brought before the Assembly.
The Committee on Primary Instruction has ter-
minated its general discussion on the principles of the
Bill submitted to it. It has adopted unanimously
liberty of instruction, and by a majority of twelve to
three the principle of obligation. Absolutely gratui-
tous instruction has not been admitted. A majority
of eight to seven has thought that, if poor children
ought to be admitted largely to the benefit of gra-
tuitous instruction, those who could pay ought not to
be relieved from the required retribution.
The aeurrier de Ifoss of Thursday last contains the
following :
" Our city was again the scene of some disorders last
evening, and which were of a rather serious character.
About nine o'clock in the evening crowds of persons be-
gan to assemble before the café where the previous riots
had taken place, and the windows of the house were very
speedily demolished. This mischief was effected so sud-
denly, that a post of military who were stationed at but
a very short distance from the place had not time to
prevent it. The mayor has issued a very strong procla-
mation, calling on the citizens to refrain from such acts
of violence, and threatening those who offend with the
utmost rigour of the law. The result of the municipal
elections at the Croix Rousse are still the object of the
strictest investigation ; the most flagrant acts of illegality
in the arrangement of the voting lists have been already
detected. The protest has already been signed, calling
for the ballot to be annulled, which there is little doubt
will be done.."
The Conatitutiounel of yesterday contradicts a
report which appeared in the Afiniteur dis Soir, of
Friday, that an attempt had been made to assassinate
M. THIERS, and states that the report originated from
the fact of a young girl who was seated on the step
of that gentleman's house having been slightly
wounded by a ball, which, from no explosion having
been heard by the Ipystanders, must have proceeded
torn an air-gun. The author of the accident has not
wet been discovered.
Six hundred of the insurgents of June were sent
off from Paris to Havre on Saturday night, for de-
portation.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE. Aso. 5.
Boulogne and Amiens, 654—Northern of France, 514L—
Rouen and Havre, 8.

at Boulagh, on the preceding Saturday, might be

the formalities of club-life. It is perhaps one of the
most ridiculous contradictions that can well he con-
ceived, that an lion. Member, immediately after
dropping a black ball into the ballot-box at BROOKES'S
or ARTHUR'S, should go down to the House and
vote against the public adoption of the ballot
as a system un-English, dishonest, pernicious,
and unjustifiable. Yet such things have been done
repeatedly, and will again and again till the end of
the chapter.
Forcible, however, as the arguments in favour of
the ballot have hitherto been, they are now more
than ever incontrovertible when the practices of
treating, bribery, corruption, and intimidation have
been proved in so many instances to have been in-
dulged in upon the occasion of the last general election.
The honour of Parliament, not to say the honesty of
the constituencies of the United Kingdom, are impli-
cated in the cause, and neither can be secured without
its immediate and unconditional acceptance. There-
fore it is that we are beyond all expression
solicitous to witness a full attendance to-morrow
evening on the motion of the Hon. F. H. F. Baxix-
LET. With a moderate proportion of ardour on
the part of our representatives, we might even at this
late period of the session further the chances of the
ballot,; and secure its ultimate acceptance by the
Imperial Legislature. We call upon the community
to watch the result of to-morrow evening's discus.
sion, and to scrutinize the division list. Let the
proposition of the Hon. Member for Bristol be re-
garded as the touchstone of the sincerity, the prin-
ciples, and the conscience of the Liberal representa-
tives.

brought —to a conclusion. Any termination was
better than a continuance of his fugitive career. He
could not, however, make up his mind to throw him-
self upon the mercy of the authorities he had so re-
cently set at defiance, so with the same vacillation

and want of deeision that has eharacterised his every

movement since be appeared in arms against
his SOTEREIGN, he placed himself in a posi-
tion from which the slightest consideration might
have convinced him there ' was no possibility

of escape. The foolhardy and desperate attempt to
travel by the railway-train to Limerick, where his
person was well known to every inhabitant, cannot
be aeeounted for on any other supposition. The

following are the particulars of his capture :
About half•past seven o'clock in the evening of
Saturday, he entered the town of Thurles without
any disguise or attempt at concealment, and walked
through the principal street. There he met
HULME, the guard to whom we have already alluded,
and inquired his way to the station ; HIILNIE imme-
diately recognised the rebel chief, for whose apprehen-
sion the reward of 5001. had been offered, but prudently
refrained from giving any alarm, contenting himself
with dispatching a messenger to the barracks for an
immediate party. In the mean time he determined
to keep the fugitive in sight, so as to afford no
opportunity of escape. Mr. O'BRIEN proceeded to
the station, and procured a second-class ticket for
Limerick. The clerk noticed his extreme agitation
and embarrassment, but did not suspect that the pros-
cribed leader was in his presence. HULK!, who had
followed him closely, not losing sight of him for a
single moment, waited until he went to the platform,
from whence he was to enter the railway carriage,
and there arrester; him, seizing his arm to prevent him
from drawing any weapon. A strong body of police
were almost immediately in attendance, when he was
conducted to the town gaol. General 111.‘DONALD,
who was speedily informed of the important event,
decided on sending him to the metropolis without a
moment's delay, and a special train having been ob-
tained, he was dispatched in custody of Lieutenant
M‘DoNALD, son to the General, and a party of the
constabulary, over thirty in number, at ten o'clock
the same evening, and before two o clock on Sunday
morning he was, as we have already stated, delivered
up to the Governor of Kilmainham.
This capture may be said to bring the Irish rebel-
lion of 1848 to a conclusion. SMITH O'BRIEN was
the head and front of the movement—the hope of
the party, who desired to sever the connexion
between the countries, and the establishment of
an Irish republic. So fully was this understood,
that it was determined rather to precipitate the
crisis than to suffer him to get into the hands of
the officers of justice. This it was that led to the
premature outbreak before anything was in readi-
ness, and consequently to the speedy and decisive
suppression of the rebellion. A number of less dis-
tinguished prisoners were also captured, and trans-
mitted to Dublin, charged with being engaged
with the insurgent army in their attack upon the
constables at Boulagb.
It now remains to be seen in what manner the
Executive will deal with the misguided men whose
lives may be unquestionably forfeited for the part
they have taken in the recent proceedings. We
trust, however, most sincerely, that justice may be
tempered with mercy, and that no human being
may be put to death in cold blood. We do not de-
sire to extenuate the offence that has been committed,
or to become the apologists of treason. The crime
is, unquestionably, one of the highest magnitude, and
deserving of exemplary punishment. The voice of
public opinion, however, is now strongly
opposed to capital punishment, and it is
only in cases of wilful and premeditated
murder that it will be tolerated. The general accla-
mation with which the first act of the Provisional
Government of France was greeted sufficiently in-
dicated the popular feeling. The most glorious act
of the glorious career of LAMARTINE was that by
which he proclaimed the abolition of the penalty of
death for any merely political offence. Let our own
' Government follow the brilliant precedent. They
can afford to be lenient. The arch-rebel is in their
hands. His principal coadjutors are fettered
prisoners awaiting their trials, while the
few who are still at liberty are hopeless
and dispirited fugitives, lurking through bogs and
lover mountains, their chief desire being to effect an
escape that will for ever compel them to remain
exiles from their native land. Let not the exultation
that must be felt by every loyal and well-affected
subject be damped by pity for the sufferers. Let not
the triumph of the loyalists be tarnished by any sub-
sequent cruelties perpetrated in the name of our most
gracious and benignant SOVEREIGN. How gladly
would we see the pages on which the
political butcheries of 1715, 1745, 1798, and
1803 are recorded erased from our national history.
What disgust is excited when we read of the mis-
taken, but high-minded and gallant men who fought
for what they believed to be the right, being stran-
gled on the gallows, and their heads exhibited to
frighten the community. What sympathy do we
feel with the sufferers—what horror for their perse-
cutors. Is not the name of JEFFRIES a bye-word and
a reproach ? Let us not then practise what we so
entirely disapprove of on the part of our fore-
fathers. Let us rather establish a precedent on
which we may relect with satisfaction in future.
Let the traitors be punished severely. Let the chief
delinquents be banished from their native land, in
which they occasioned disturbance ; let them be de-
prived for ever of the liberty they have abused, but
spare their lives. If they should be executed they
will be regarded as martyrs and heroes, and perhaps
the seeds of new rebellions may be sown under their
scaffolds, manured by their blood, and ripened into an
abundant harvest. Spare them, and contempt is the
only feeling that will remain. The Irish nation will
be taught that they have, indeed, a mild, a paternal,
ansl a benignant Government, incapable of cruelty
or oppression, and the best practical refutation
' will be given to the calumnies that have so long
been uttered by mischievous demagogues, and to
he
which the misguided people lent too ready a credence.

Although the popular will has been baulked in a
great measure by the refusal of Parliament to take
into its consideration the wholesale innovations pro-
posed by the Hon. Member for Montrose, we have
still another chance of turning to advantage the other-
wise idle and unprofitable session of 1841. Quickly
as we are approaching to the important season of
grouse-shooting, there is yet within the grasp of our
representatives one last opportunity. Thanks to the
Hon. Member for Bristol, one of the brightest dreams
of political improvement may even at the eleventh
hour be realised.

To-morrow the motion of the Hon. F. H. F.
BIRIELBT, in reference to the ballot, will be in-
troduced to the attention of the House of Commons,
and, as a judicious preparation, we observe that the
subjoined circular has been sent round to no less
than one hundred and seventy of the popular repre-
sentatives :

" TO MEMBERS Or PARLIAMENT.

" THE BALLOT.

" Your attendance is respectfully requested on Tues-
day, the Bth instant, to make and keep a House for the
discussion of the above question, which will come on
early."
Earnestly do we hope that the notification may be
productive of good in the way of insuring a sufficient
attendance of supporters to what we cannot but
regard as a cause intimately blended with the
morality of elections, with the prosperity of the mul-
titude, and with the maintenance of the representative
system of government.
Of all the demands made by the political reformers
of this generation, not one is so fruitful in argument,
not one is so justified by events, not one, we may
safely undertake to say, is so imperatively required,
both by honesty and common sense as the ballot
The reasoning of its advocates, is in every respect as
clear and irrefragable as the demonstration of the
first proposition of Euclid. From the time
when CHARLES JAMES Fox illuminated the merits
of the ballot with his eloquence, down to the day
when Lmon HUNT penned his brilliant essay upon
its advantages, the opponents of the measure have
been compelled to restrict themselves to the shal-
lowest sophistries and the veriest platitudes. Beyond
which it must never be forgotten that those who are
the bitterest antagonists of the system, as applied to
electioneering, are among the very men who are of all

THE SUN, LONDON, VION'DAY EVENING. AUGUST 7, 1848

created great discontent. The colonel, AL KAl6ton,
has caused the s!tidents to be disart-ned,
and arrested, though by law they are authoriFed to
carry arms. The members of the Left in the Na-
tional Assembly are placed under a species of sur-
veillance under the constables, who seem to follow all
their steps."

The existence of the cholf-n& in Berlin was t.ffi-
cially announced on the 30th ult.

The Prussian Gazette of Berlin, of the 29th ult.,
says :—" We learn from a source worthy of credit
that General VON BuLoi,v has left for Vienna, carry-
ing to the Archduke Jour.; information that the Prus-
sian army formally refuses to pert. nu obedience to
him as Vicar-General ~f the German Empire."

arm:es :

ITAI _

--qi~~r---.

LOMBARD Y AND V L.IS ICE.
The Italian correspondent of the Journal des

Debats gives the following account of the relative
position and forces of the Austrian and Sardinian

We learn by leilers from Milan of the lit inst. that
;he city of Cr.Toona,•ou• the Po, has been occupied by

the Au-trians, and shut the hedamotese army hasp re-
tired to Codogno, a town two Itaguea trona Rizzig-
hetone, a fortress s.itutite ou the Ltm•rr Adda, 16 leagues
from Milan. From Corlogno the yiedtuonte,e army

may direct its movpinenta either ..n Ludi, WI tie road to
Milan, or on Pavia, on the north or the Po, or, lastly,
on Placentia, on tho smith bank, in the, direction of

Tortona and Alexandria.

Ab thi- last mov,,unent would

leave Lombardy completely exposed, we miy be cer-
tain beforehand that Charley Albert will maintain

himselt with tuergy on the line of the Adda. Mar-
shal Radc,tzky has at hts command not 50,000

to 60,000 men, as was first ,toted, but 80,000.
It is positively asserted that he has 10,000
Bavarian volunteers who have joint-ci him from the
Tyrol. Since the 22d ult. he has been every day re-

ceiving strong reinforcementr. The troops 8,..ut from
Austria and Illyria across the Veretiatt provinces per-
form two and three stages a day on waggons, which are
hired and regularly paid tor. It is b) this menus that
the force of the Marshal on the Adige has been doubled.
The Piedsnontese commanders appear to have been
completely ignorant of the strength and the, preparations
made by the enemy. The veteran Marshal has taken
every advantage of his success and of the superiority of
his forces. Let us hope that under the protection of
the fortress of Pizzighetone, the Piedinontese army,
reduced at this moment to 45,000 men, may be able to
receive the reinforcements which will be directed from
Piedmont, and arrest the alarming progress of the
enemy."
The following official bulletin was published at
Milan on the 31st ult.:--

"On the 29th ult, the King's head-quarters were

established at Cit de 'Quinzani, near Cretni,na. On the
following day the Kiug was at Crernuna. About half-

put nine, A.M., a cannonade was heard near the
Oglio. The King and his staff hastened to the scene
of action. In the exchange of shots we had one cannon
dismounted, the enemy two. The Italian army, while
sustaining with advantage the enemy's attacks upon the
rear, is directed towards Piurghetone to rake up strong
positions on this side of the Adds. The King has given
the most solemn assurance that he would come to the
defence of Milan. Hopes are entertained that French
assistance, now formally demanded by the Piedmentese
Ministry and by the Provisional Guvernmeet of Lom-
bardy, will soon arrive to reinforce the Italiau army.
The brave inhabitants of Sermide, beyond the Po, have
barricaded their town, and, after fortitying it as well as
they could, twice repulsed the enemy, who the second
time was 800 strong, with two cannon. Captain Cas-
telli, at the head of 500 men, arrived there to protect
the surrounding country from turther depredations; the
battalion of volunteer Chasseurs of the Upper Reno
marched on the 27th for Bondeno, and on the night of
the 28th the troops of Colonel Morandi, consisting of
the 2d battalion Italia Libera and the legion of the
Italian Association, were sent to Cento. Letters from
Bologna, of the 28th, state that General Pepe made a
sally from Brondolo with 14,000 men. It appears that
he intends taking possession of Rovigo, and turn to-
wards the Po."
A letter from Milan says--." The proclamation of
King CHARLES ALBERT has produced a great effect
at Milan, and drawn to the KING all hearts. The
Republicans, lately so troublesome, have ceased for
the moment all opposition. Adversity enlightens
them ; they are forced to admit that the KING and
his army are the true defence of the country."
The Tentidue .kfarzo of Milan, of the 31st ult.,
contains several decrees of the Provisional Govern-
ment, ordering the admission of all sorts of pro-
visions into Milan duty free, menacing with destitu-
tion any public functionary who neglects his post,
establishing a permanet Council of War, and putting
in requisition all breaks possessed by private indi-
viduals for the service of the State. A circular has
also been issued to all the curates of Lombardy, re-
commending them to preach patriotism " from the
pulpit, in the squares, and wherever the people meet."
In a proclamation to the people the Committee of
Public Defence states that General MAl%l7l=O PANT!
has arrived, and that consequently the Committee
is complete, and hopes to derive great advantage
from his experience of guerilla warfare acquired in
Spain. It further states that the Piedmentese army,
concentrating along the Oglio, is reorganizing—its
artillery is complete ; Brescia is placed in a state of
defence ; the enemy has been repulsed with loss from
the Tonale; the defiles of the Stelvio and Caffaro
are secured; and that, in a council of war held that
morning (30th ult.), after a mature examination of
the means of defence, it had been unanimously
decided that Milan would resist at all costs. " Let
us, then (says the proclamation), be seized with the
same ardour of the five immortal days. Let us raise
our barricades again, cut the bridges, the dykes, the
roads; let us put desolation between us and the
enemy; let us prove that we can resist misfortune,
and that, should an overwhelming force menace us,
we deserve the assistance and sympathy of all
Europe. We possess many elements of secure con-
fidence, but we must be prepared. And, should
GOD call us to a terrible trial, we will sustain it in-
trepidly, in the faith that the day of his justice will
dawn."

The Avvenire ditalia of Milan, of the 31st, an-
nounces that ANTONINI and GARRIBALDI had left
Milan, at the head of 6,000 men, on their way to

Brescia.
The Piedmontese Gazette of the Ist inst. publishes
a letter from General WELDEN to the Provisional
Government of Venice, in which, after informing
them of the victory of the Austrians, he advises them
to treat for peace. The Provisional Government, in
its answer, informs General WELDEN that Venice
cannot treat alone in a cause which belongs to all
Italy ; and that, even though that cause were re-
duced to Venice alone, it would still be far from
being lost.
The Venice Gazette of the 27th ult. publishes the
following bulletin :—" The brave garrison of Bron-
dolo marched out on the 26th to the attack. The
Austrians were repulsed beyond their advanced posts,
and our troops re-occupied the positions of Casa
Pasqua, and along the canal of Pontelungo that of
La Casetta. Thus the ground we lost yesterday has
been regained. It is now being fortified, and will be
maintained."
The Austrians entered Cremona soon after the
Piedmontese army had left it on the 31st ult., and
imposed a contribution of two millions of francs. The
KING'S head-quarters are established at Casal Puster-
lerzo, on the Adda.
The following are the terms on which RADETZLY
would consent to accede to the KING'S proposition
for an armistice of ten days :
" Ist. The Piedmontese army shall retire to the
Adda, and separate its cause from the Venetian.
" 2d. Venice, Reggio, Modena, Parma, and Pia-
cenza shall be immediately given up."
The KING'S reply was—" Let RADETZKY learn
that the Piedmontese army can only answer such
conditions with the cannon."
RADETZILT has issued a proclamation to the people
•f Lombardy, recalling them to their allegiance, and
promising them liberal institutions.

MARKET NEWS.-(THIS DAY.)

CORN EXCHAN GE-MONDAY.

The arrivals of all kinds of grain of home produce up
to our market last week were on a very moderate scale,
but those of Flour were on the increase. From Ireland
and Scotland very little grain came to hand. Thu im-
ports from abroad consisted of 14,232 quarters of Wheat,
1,531 ditto of Barley, 17,093 ditto of Oats, 855 ditto of
Beans, 286 ditto of Peas, 8,245 ditto of Linseed, 9 ditto
of Rapeseed, 106 ditto of sundry sorts, and 212 sacks of
Flour. The quantity of English W heat received fresh
up for this morning's market was but moderate, the tiwe
of year considered; yet it was quite equal to the wants
of the millers and others, whose attendance was tolerably
extensive. 'rhe show of samples of both red
and white was small, compared with that on Mon-
day last, while the demand for all descriptions
was steady, at prices about equal to those obtained on
this day se'nnight. The market, however, notwithstand-
ing the changeable state of the weather, closed somewhat
heavily; and a total clearance was with difficulty
effected. There were a few samples of new Wheat in
the market from Essex and Kent. The prices asked
ruled from 54s to 56s per quarter; but we heard of no
transactions. The quality of the samples was by no
means first-rate. The best samples of free Foreign
Wheat moved off steadily, at full rates of currency. The
middling and inferior kinds were, however, dull,
and to be purchased on somewhat easier terms.
Parcels in bond and on board were neglected.
Scarcely a sample of English 11aeey was brought for-
ward, and the supply of foreign was small. On the
whole the Barley trade waa steady, but we have no
change to notice in prices. The sale fur all kind- of
Malt was slow. Parcels on the spot, however, produced
full currencies without difficulty. With Oats we were
very scantily supplied. Really sound Corn was held at
a trifle more money, and the value of other kinds was
well supported. One or two cargoes have arrived to-da)
from Germany. All kinds of Beans moved off steadily
at last week's prices. Peas were steady at last Monday's
currencies. In Indian Corn and Meal very little doing.
'rhe Flour trade was ateady. In prices we have nu
chsoge to notice,