The Sun.
London, England, 1848-04-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 28, 1848,

• r character of the Berlin Government, or elevated the
I reputation of the Ches.-lier BUNSEN himself, to find
I
that representative of the Prussian SOVEREIGN
undertaking an elaborate defence of a policy
I the first feeble development of which excited the
universal execration of Europe. The mere. circum-
stance of an ambassador, situated as the Chevalier
BUNSEN is in the capital of Great Britain, publishing
an enormous pamphlet to exonerate his Royal master
before the population of England, was of itself calcu-
lated to excite an extraordinary amount of suspicion.
Nor would this suspicion be at all dispelled when the
pamphlet is found to be a jumble of incongruous
facts linked together by sophistries—the fragments of
the skeletons of History, hung upon the wires of
Misrepresentation. When, moreover, the tone of the
pamphleteer proves to be that of a special pleader
rather than of a dispassionate antiquary, it becomes
insanity to repose an unconditional credence either in
the legality of his cause or in the rectitude of his
political principles.
Already a vast deal has been said as to the respective
rights of the competitors, as to the claims of Jutland
or Holstein, of Denmark or of the Germanic Confede-
ration. Chevalier BUNSEN has written ; Mr. Dis-
RAELI has spoken; we ourselves have repeatedly
commented upon the contrary pleas entered by the
different disputants. By this time the problem has
become transparent—the subject has been worn abso-
lutely threadbare under, the friction of debate. To
a clear perception and an unbiassed intellect there can
no longer remain any doubt whatever as to the crimi-
nality of the course adopted by the German
Princes. If the popular judgment could not
be obscured by sophisms or distorted by the
guile of a false diplomacy, then the sanctity of the
cause of Denmark in claiming Schleswig as an
integral portion of her dominions would at this in-
stant be as indisputable as the librations of the moon
or the elliptic orbit of the globe. Such, however,
is not the character of the mind of the multitude.
Public opinion is unhappily anything but case-
hardened against deception. And thus it is, that,
notwithstanding all that has been uttered respecting
the line of demarcation running. between Schleswig
and Holstein, the popular mind is still in a great
measure undecided as to the merits of this territorial
question. This state of indecision is unhealthy, is
unjust, is inexcusable. The facts of the case of
themselves, that is to say when they are viewed apart
from the declamations of partizanship, are as simple
as the merest sum of addition scrawled upon the
slate of a schoolboy. Therefore it is that we are
distressed at the continuance of this indecision. One
argument alone we cannot but regard as conclusive
in reference to the indivisibility of Northern Jutland
and of Schleswig. It is an argument which has never
yet been adduced throughout the whole of this pro-
longed and elaborate discussion, and it is one which
to our thinking is amply sufficient to show the, rea-
sonableness of the claims of FREDERICK VII. On
turning to the general treaty signed in 1815
between the various nations and principalities of
Christendom we find (Article LVI.) in the enumera-
tion of the votes receivable in the Federative Diet
this significant item—" Dannemarc pour Hobtein, une
voix—Denmark for Holstein, one vote." Not, be it
observed, " for Holstein and Schleswig," but " for
Holstein" simply. Again (Article LVIII.) in the
catalogue of the constituent portions of the General
Assembly, there is a still more significant item—
" Holstein, trois voix—three votes." Not a word
about SchlesWig ! Now we ask any rational man
whether the Germanic Confederation would have main-
tained such a profound silence in 1315 upon this
particular, supposing it had entered for a moment
into the imagination of any one of its Princes that
Germany was being despoiled by this deliberate re-
servation of the name of one of the principal appa-
nages of the Crown of Denmark. We defy any ra-
tional man to answer us in the affirmative.

By the reference we have here made, however, to
the stipulations of the Treaty of Vienna, we would
on no account have it imagined that we regard the
claims of Denmark as principally defensible through
that international compact. We merely adduce the
fact blazoned upon that treaty as an illustration of
the belief entertained for centuries before as
to the extent and boundaries of the Danish
kingdom. So far from the
„„ ~,,,,,ryic•nt to the oppo-
nents of the Germanic expedition, it is merely
the confirmation of the truth proclaimed by History,
by Time, and by Language. Yes, we maintain it—
even by Language. For, although the entire popula-
tion of Denmark may be correctly described as of
Teutonic origin, they are nevertheless in dialect, in
manners, and in customs, of four distinct and dis-
tinguishable stocks. First, the pure Danes in Jut-
land, Schleswig., and the archipelago of Denmark
Proper (including the islands of Zealand, Funen,
Laaland, Falster, Moen, Langeland, Bornholm,
&c.), where the inhabitants speak a modern-
ized
form of the old Norse language. Se-
condly, the Angles, who are found principally on
the Baltic coast of Schleswig. Thirdly, the Frisians,
in the islands of Schleswig, such as Heligoland.
And, fourthly, the Germans, who inhabit the federa-
tive duchy of Holstein. Such are the arguments
of dialect, manners, and customs. Yet it is in defiance
of them all that the Germanic claim is now instituted
for the absorption of Schleswig in the Confederation !
The reason of this anxiety for its absorption is suffi-
ciently clear, when we remember that out of the
Danish population of 2,008,305 souls, the inhabitants
of Schleswig, amounting to just 340,121 in-
dividuals, possess the most fruitful land in
the whole of the kingdom of Denmark. For the
gratification of this lawless lust of incorporation, the
confederate princes of Germany are violating all the
laws of nations, of nature, and of GOD. The thun-
derbolt of retribution must ultimately fall upon
their heads, for crime meets always with its expiation,
no matter whether the victim of Divine Justice be a
Homicide in a Diadem or a Robber in Purple.

So long as the proceedings in the very extraordi-
nary case of GEILS v. GEILS were sub judice, we
cautiously abstained from noticing in any manner the
allegations brought forward on either side, or the
scenes which took place in court during the pro-
tracted arguments of the learned civilians who con-
ducted the case for the several parties. Judgment
has, however, at length been pronounced, and every
circumstance connected with the transaction is fairly
before the public. There is now no danger that the
course of justice may be impeded, or the mind of the
presiding judge influenced by any allusion to the
case. His decision has been given, it cannot be re-
called or varied in the slightest particular,
and the grounds thereo', the reasons by
which he was influenced in coming to such
conclusions, the state of the law applicable to the
subject, the mode of its administration, and the
peculiar practice of the court, are all legitimate
subjects for comment, and (where they are found
erroneous or defective) for reproof and reprehension.
We do not now desire to increase the annoyance of
the parties who have been so long and so painfully
and we should avoid the slightest
allusionbefore t the public,the
cnse but that it appears to us to fur-
nish the strongest illustration of the abuses and
out
We
should,
therefore,the
defects of the present system
changes that are so urgent
however irksome and
oint
if we shrunk from
be wanting
the
in ourtasyld:t;letymanaadnsdpteoudb.plic journalists
the necessity of a revision o
tribunals by which it is
unpleasant it might prtoprove,ofr nt
heeg leeccct
leeds,i
atsot
iienasii uponsctod
ea
new constitution of the
that
and administered,compreh thecomprehensive
ms
measures
seudr);
sf
of reform for
purpose.
October, 1838. They continued to re g
The parties in the present case were married atrorieedtheinr
until September, 1845, durit,g which period four
s
s
ociety and
children (daughters) were bort . In the latter month
GEILS withdrew herself from her
husband's
to his request to return forthwitl to his establishment,
protection, and having refused to accede
a suit was instituted as speedily as possible by Mr.
GEILS for a restitutionbstc of conjugal rights, and shortly
separate afterwards
and
onedi by
Itrsg.
grounds—
forvi za., dfiovrorccreuoeltynt, forhree
adultery, and for another and b - far more atrocious
provocation, which, if well found ed, must have con-
verted every feeling of love and a .ffection that might
previously have existed into the d eepest disgust and abhorrence. The parties were
possessed of ample
funds on both sides; there was, Us, lrefore, full scope
for their respective profassion4t advisers, and ,

we accordingly find the files of the court I
laden with allegations and cross-allegations.
many of them wholly irrelevant to the
subject, and placing on record the most trifling
circumstances, without any beneficial result being
obtained, save the vast increase of the proctor's
costs," which would almost appear to be the pri-
mary object of every proceeding in the spiritual
courts. Hence we find that no less than two years
and a half had elapsed before a decision was pro-
nounced—and that by no means a final one—for ap-
peals may possibly be made by which the proceed-
ings may be protracted for an indefinite period. The
delays and expenses, therefore, form just grounds
of objection to the practice of the Ecclesiastical
Court—the first harassing and wearing out the un-
fortunate suitors, however ample their resources
might be, and the second rendering justice wholly
unattainable by persons of moderate means.
The manner in which the examination of the witnesses
is conducted is also in the highest degree objectionable.
Every person who has had the slightest acquaintance
with legal proceedings must be well aware of the
advantages of a viva voce examination, how truth is
thereby elicited from an unwilling witness, how the
prevarication and deceit of a false one is exposed.
The tone, the manner of a party whose testimony is
impeached, must he fully taken into considera-
tion by thcse who are to decide on its
value ;
every gesture is of importance. One
witness may attempt to bluster, while another
will hesitate ; nothing will be lost on a keen
and observant advocate, who will found new ques-
tions on points arising at the moment, and which he
could not have foreseen in the solitude of his cham-
ber when drafting the interrogatories which were
subsequently to be engrossed, and exhibited to the
witness by an examiner appointed by the court. It
is well known that in the latter case any cross-exami-
nation is positively ineffective. The witness has
full time to consider his answer, and to frame it
in such a manner as to escape detection. In Chan-
cery, where the evidence is taken down in writing, if
the facts are disputed, and there is contradictory tes-
timony on any point, it is usual to send an issue to a
jury, for their verdict, before judgment is delivered;
but in the Ecclesiastical Court it is otherwise. There
the judge decides not only on the law, but on the
facts. He is called upon to weigh the value of the
conflicting evidence without being allowed the op-
portunity of doing so in the only manner by which
a satisfactory result could be arrived at. It is, there-
fore, by no means surprising if his judgments, how.
ever much of learning and acuteness may be displayed
therein, are by no means satisfactory to the suitors
or to the public in general. In this respect also great
alterations should be effected to render the ecclesias-
tical tribunals suited to the spirit of the age and dis-
tributors of substantial justice.
'We shall shortly return to this subject, and point
out other defects in the present system which urgently
demand alteration and revision.

After having been for a while almo3t forgotten
in the superior interest excited by less important
matters, the subject of the sanitary condition of the
people, generally known as the " Health of Towns
Bill," is beginning again to occupy public attention.
And it is well that it should do so, for however un-
attractive such a topic may appear by the side of the
many startling events which now daily fill our columns,
it is one, literally speaking, of the most vita
importance to the great body of the people. It is
impossible, however, but that even with the best in.
tentions false views may not be adopted by the
advocates of this, as of all other measures. An in-
stance of this is afforded by the remarks of a Con
temporary, who very justly insisting upon the neces-
sity that exists for some immediate attention to this
matter, goes so far as to exclaim, " We heartily wish
there were no manufacturing towns in Great Bri-
tain ! " This most astonishing wish is, however,
qualified by the following observations :
" Manufacturing towns are good for business, but ex-
ceedingly bad for the health and morals of the popula
tion. Philanthropists should make up their minds either
to sigh and soy nothing about health, or to abandon
the honour and glory of being patrons a Coutrance of
the interests of manufacturing capitalists. As for
us, we wish well to manufactures, but as we also
wish well, and in a greater degree, to the health
and morals of the people, we are prepared to sacrifice a
pvatioa of manufacturing profit for the sake of getting
ail c th. glekr —,,wriing of those tm.m. We heartily
wish there were no manufacturing towns in Great
Britain. We by no means wish that Great Britain
were without manufactures, but we should wish the
factories to be scattered over the country, as they were
when water-power was chiefly used in spinning-mills,
and power-looms were as yet uninvented. We are
aware that such separation of the factories would make
manufacturing more expensive, but that we should con-
sider a far less evil than the filthy towns and the habits
which enfeeble and debase our population."
These remarks are sufficiently plausible, nay,
more, they contain a good deal of truth. The
population of the manufacturing towns are certainly
exposed to all the evils therein described; but is the
fault then to be attributed to the fact of those towns
being manufacturing towns ? Are the inhabitants of
the agricultural districts better off? So far from that
being the case, we are inclined to think their con-
dition, if possible, even worse. As to their
being crowded, which seems to be the
chief cause of grievance imputed to the manu-
facturing towns, the rural districts, strange to.
say, are in a similar condition. If they contain fewer
persons in a given spot, they likewise contain less
accommodation for them. That is, if those disgusting'
but heart-rendingdetails reported by the commissioners
of inquiry be correct—these reports which tell of
whole families crowded into one small room, some-
times
even all sleeping in one bed.

It is true that these facts do not in any way
exempt the manufacturing districts from complaint.
They also, we admit, imperatively demand improve-
ment. They also, we agree with our Contemporary,
are most pernicious to the welfare of the com-
munity. What, however, we take occasion to
object to in his remarks is, the attributing
these grievances to the fact of certain towns
being manufacturing ones. What we deprecate is
the wish expressed that there were "no manu-
facturing towns in England." A similar course of
reasoning it was that took objection to all railway
travelling, because it had been in some cases attended
with serious accidents, or that deprecated the the
of machinery as being prejudicial to the poor, because,
in consequence of its use many hand-loom weaveis
were thrown out of employment. The error in these
cases was in confounding causes and effects, or rather
in confusing entirely separate things, and attributing
to the one the ill effects occasioned by the other.
For example, the censure excited by the railway
accidents was due not to that particular spawn
of travelling, but to the ignorance or neglect of the
parties concerned in it. In the same way machinery,
so far from being inimical to manual labour, has im-
measurably increased it : the temporary suffering its
first introduction occasioned to one unfortunate class
arose from their incapacity to adapt themselves
at once to the new invention. And, in like
manner, it is that the miserable condition of the in-
habitants of manufacturing towns is to be attributed
not to the nature of the business there carried on,
but to the absence of proper sanitary regulations, by
which the health and comfort of the people might be
preserved. Such sanitary regulations we earnestly
desire to see speedily carried into effect. Such regu-
lations it is that will prove immeasurably more bene•
ficial to the people, whether individually or collec-
tively, than would the destruction of our manufac-
turing towns.

Madrid papers of the 22d have arrived.
The city was tranquil. The editors of the Sig/0
were arrested on the 21st.

The Heraldo announces that the King of NAPLES
had nominated the Duke DE SERRA CAPRIOLAas for.
merly President of the Council of Ministers, Atabas
sadur in Spain.

MADRID BoLsa, APRIL 22.—The Three: per
Cents. were done at 21f for cash ; the Fir per
Cents., at 14 for paper; and the Debt without In-
terest, at 9.

ar
theA
DEBUT OF SIGNOR LALIOUTTA AT
JESTY'S THEATRE TONORROW.—WO have left
rehearsal at her Majesty's Theatre, and have heard
Signor Laboutta who to-morrow makes his dailt in the
character of Count Almaviva in II Barbiere. Ile pos-
sesses one of the most deliciously sweet high teJlor
voices it has ever been our lot to hear. Its flexibility is
perfectly astonishing, and it is completely, under com-
mand. Since the time of Rubini we have not heard such
a voice. It is capable of every variety of expression,
and in pathetic parts more especially We anticipate for
Signor Laboutta the greatest triumPhs.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

--:;~..,

PROCEEDINGS AT PARIS.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The result of the elections for the Department of
the Seine will not be officially proclaimed until Friday
(this day), but there can be no doubt but that Lamar-
tine, Dupont (de l'Eure,) Arago, Marrast, Beranger,
and the true (because just and moderate) Republicans
will be returned by immense majorities. In every arron.
dissement (save one) in which the lists have as yet
been examined, they head the poll. In the Bth arron-
dissement, Albert, Ledru Rollin, and Louis Blanc,
head the poll, but the latter has only a majority
of 1 over Lamartine ; and Albert, who is at the
head of the, poll, has only 11 above Lamartine ;
whilst in the Ist arrondissement Lamartine heads the
poll with 505, Marrast comes second, with 493, and
Dupont (de l'Eure) third, with 472, while Ledru
Rollin polls but 114, and stands forty-third upon
the list (the ninth lowest of the rejected candidates),
Albert but 103, Louis Blanc, 92, and Flocon, 90.
It is, however, expected that Louis Blanc, Ledru
Rollin, Albert, and Flocon will be returned, but
they will owe their return solely to the forbearance
and more than good faith of their moderate colleagues
in the Provisional Government, who made it a point
of honour to include their names in the voting lists
of the moderate party, although Ledru Rollin and
his clique excluded the names of Lamartine, Mar-
rest, and Garnier Pages from their lists, and left no
means untried to prevent their election.
These elections will do more to strengthen the
foundations of the Republic in France, and to forward
the cause of liberty, of progress, and of self-govern-
ment throughout the world, than any event which
has occurred during the last fifty years—
more even than the glorious deeds of the
glorious of February. In February France
onlyl r
on
the right of self-government ;
conquered
daysuer ed
she now has shown that she can exercise the right
she has conquered by governing herself and repress-
ing those anarchists who would deprive her of all
government.
The results of the elections in the provinces, so far
as the same have become known, are equally satisfac-
tory. In almost every instance the friends of true
liberty have been returned, and the anarchists have
been relegated to the bottom of the poll.
The accounts received from the Departments state
that the elections are everywhere favourable to the
moderate party. The name of LANIARTINE is put
forward in a vast number of places, and it invariably
of the poll. The candidates
-RonnlN, and among others the
,fitgaur
treeds
bayt heade
M. LE pau
commissaries, have been beaten wherever they have
shown themselves. At Rouen, though the definitive
state of the poll is not yet known sufficient has trans-
pired to show that M. LAMARTINE, M. SEUARD, and
the other moderate republicans will have three
times the number of voters in their favour than
M. DESCHAMPS, the Commissary-General, and M.
Du RAND, the head of the ateliers nationaux, will be
able to secure. By the last accounts it appears
that 12,000 and upwards had voted for the
former, while only 3,500 had voted for the latter.
In the department of the Eure, M. DUPONT (de
l'Eure) has been almost unanimously elected.
Those who came nearest to him on the list are MM.
GARNIER PAGES, LEGENDRE, DUMONT, LAGRAND,
&c. Some serious riots took place at Louviers. At
Lille the parties were pretty equally divided, but
accounts have been received to-day that the Moderes
have the victory. In the department of the Aube,
M. LIGNIER, who was deprived by M. LEDRU
ROLLIN of the Commissary-Generalship of the de-
partment, because he was too moderate in his
conduct, has been elected by an immense majority
over M. CREVAT, the Commissary sent to replace
him. In the department of the Gironde, it is
stated in letters from Bordeaux that the candi-
dates who are likely to carry the day are MM. DE
LAMARTINE, BILAUDEL, and THEODORE DUCOSI (the
former deputies) LUBBERT, SERVIERES, HENRY Ducos,
A. LARRIEN, CLEMENT THOMES, COMPENS, Advocate-
General, SIMIOT and DENJOI, the ex-sous prefect,
who was turned out by M. LEDRU-ROLLIN. Similar
results have been received from Marseilles, Metz,

Nancy, Strasburg, Caen, Rennes, Tours, Nantes,
Orleans, Bourges, Angouleme, Poictiers, Mont.?
pelier, nnu 2f13.,e3 tuia
will send Liberal members. ,The number of mem4
bers of the old Chamber (`4. Deputies who will
be returned, will, it is supposed, be much larger than
was expected. It is said that the ultra-Republicans
will triumph at Lyons, Toulouse, Limoges, Arras,
and some other towns of minor importance, but there
is now no doubt that at least six hundred out of the
nine hundred members of which the assembly will
consist, will belong to the Moderate Republican
party. The partizans of MAI. LEDEU-ROLLIN and
Louis BLANC have been beaten almost everywhere.
There cannot now be a doubt but that the National
Assembly will be composed of men fully equal to the
task which will be imposed upon them of regene-
rating their country. There is very little news in
these papers.

The Minister of the United States in Paris, Mr.
RICHARD RUSH, waited on Wednesday on M.
LAMARTINE, at the Hotel de Ville, and formally re-
cognised the French Republic in the name of the
American Union.

The Refor rile states, that in consequence of the
arrival of several regiments of the line in Paris, five
battalions of the National Guard (mobile) are about to
occupy the following posts :—the Bth, the forts of
Bicetre and Ivry; the 9th, Combevoie ; the 10th,
the forts of Noisy and of Romainville ; the 11th, the
fort of Aubervilliers; the 19th, the forts of Issy and
of Vannes.

The Assemblee Nationale states, that MM. EMILE
TAIGNY and EUGENE PIERAON, members of the
" Republican Club of Dramatic Artists," waited on
the Archbishop of PARIS on Monday last, to request
that he would remove the sentence of excommunica-
tion inflicted by the Council of Arles on the corps of
comedians. The Archbishop politely assured those
citizens that no sentence of excommunication against
comedians existed in the diocese of Paris.
The Messager states, that the Central Democratic
Club, composed of more than 4,000 members, has
presented a petition to the Provisional Government,
praying that an inquiry be instituted relative to a
Committee of Public Safety stated to be sitting in
the Rue Rivoli, under the presidency of the Citizen
SOBAIEII.

The Toulonnais of the 23d instant announces, that
ABD•EL-KADEE was to embark, on that day, in a
steamer for Catte, whence he was to proceed by land
to Pau. _ .

wouldoui
The Constitutionnel states that the Marengo, ship
of the line, which had been laid up in ordinary at
rl on
,bNevuemvipuloeyed i
rea Ln
beprepuroci fur aorviep, and
the defence of the port of
Algiers.
The Minister of Marine has received dispatches
from the Commander of the French corvette-of-war
Boussolle, dated Curacoa, the 4th of March, announc-
ing the loss of that ship, on the preceding day,
amongst the shoals which line the neighbouring
coast. The moment the loss of the Boussolle became
known at Caraccas, Captain RicuAnn L. IVAratEN,
Commander of the Naval Division of Barbadoes, has-
tened to apprise the Charge d'Affaires of France,
through the medium of the Charge d'Affaires of her
Britannic MAJESTY, of his intention to repair with
his frigate and the steamer Vesuvius to the relief of
the shipwrecked corvette. The Dutch brig-of-war
Pyl also arrived to afford assistance.
A curious fact connected with the election is stated.
All the coalporters, boatmen, and others residing at
the Villette outside the Barriere St. Martin, in which
is situate the canal Harbour, voted for one candidate
only, Prince Lours NAPOLEON, and, in anticipation
of his triumph, are enjoying themselves in the
surrounding cabanas and cafés.

The Moniteur publishes the returns of the exports
and imports for the first quarter of 1848. The im-
ports exceed by rather more than four millions of
metrical quintals those of the corresponding period of
1847. There is, however, a falling off in the ex-
ports, and con=eq•aently in the movement of naviga-
tion. The number of French vessels employed was
1,000 less than in the first three months of 1847.

The Conslitutiorazel gives the following, under the
head of Nouvelles de la Cour :—" On Tuesday there
was a thjeuner at the Petit Trianon. Ladies were
invited. M. LEDRU ROLLIN did the honours. There
was also a stag-hunt at Chantilly, and &allies in the
park of Apremoal';."

BOURSE—PARIS, THURSDAY, APRIL 97.
THREE ~'CLoCK•—Tht- buoyancy in the rywrket, which
was so percei.tib:k: yo,terday, in const-quenee of the
of the Paris elections, continued to-day in a very remark-
able manner. The Five per Cents. have again risen not
less than 4f., closing at 69f.; and the Three per Cents.
2f. 50c., at 47f. It will be perceived that the advance is
considerably greater in the Fives than in the Three per
Cents., the former being considered in comparison lower
than in the latter. A large amount of business was
transacted in both, but particularly in the Five per
cont 4., :,lien ekr,ed ;
Threes, however, were at one moment quoted a franc
higher than their closing price. Bank of France
Shares underwent great variations during the day ;
they opened at 1,575 E, went up to 1,580 f. ; then, giving
way, fell to 1,480 E, rose again to 1,5001., finally closing
at 1,490 E, or 10f, lower than the day before. Roths-
child's Neapolitan remain as they were, at 53f. 50c. ;
Belgian Fives were in demand, and closed at 663 f., or
3f. higher ; and Roman, If., at 551. ; I3ons du Treior
were not negotiated all day. Railway Shares were not
so firm as the day before, wsny speculators being anxious
to realise the large profits aching from the late advance.
Some of the working lines, however, are its general some-
what higher. The Orleans closed at 590 E, or 20f. better;
Bordeaux at 3931. 75c., or 3f. 75c. ; Havre at 205 f., or
2f. 59c. ; Strasburg at 356 f. 25c., or If. 25c. ; Rouen
are 15f. lower, at 410 E; Vierzon, 10f. lower, at 250 f.;
Lyons, 7f. 50e. lower, at 303 f. 75c.; Northern and Nantes,
2f. 50c. lower, at 360 f. and 343 f. 50c. French gold
remains at 30f., and the change for a I,ooof. note
costs 4f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, APII2I, 27.

Boulogne and Amiens, OA—ltalian and Austrian,
Northern of France, 41A—Paris and Lyons, 2—Rouen and
Ham, B—Sambre and Meuse, 4.

GERMANY
AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

The Bank of Vienna decided, on the 21st, to send
off one million of florins (100,0001.) to Linz, another
to Brunn, a third to Open, and a fourth to Prague,
for the assistance of commerce, and especially the
manufacturing districts, the stoppage of the manu-
factories having deprived thousands of workmen of
means of subsistence. The Wiener Zeitung of the
18th of April publishes a decree relative to Styria,
which ordains that from the Ist of January, 1849,
all quit rents attached to the soil, to demesne lands
and right to titles, as also rents in kind, and all
services, are to be changed into a money payment
based upon an equitable computation.
The states of Styria will, in conjunction with the
landowners (not members of the Assembly of the
States) and the representatives of the class of peasants,
immediately consider of a law by which this change
can be affected, which law is to be submitted to by
sanction.

The States of "Moravia and Silesia have unani-
mously rejected the project of union with Bohemia,
which the inhabitants of Prague, by petition, had
expressed a wish should take place.
In consequence of the discordant views entertained
by different parties respecting the position to be held
by Austria in the new Germanic Confederation, the
Ministry have officially proclaimed, through the
medium of the Wiener Zeitung, that although Aus-
tria is desirous of cementing a complete union with
Germany, and will embrace every opportunity of
evincing its attachment to the cause of the fatherland,
it is not intended either to sacrifice the local interests
of the Imperial provinces, or to renounce the inde-
pendence of the internal government of Austria.
The Government, therefore, reserves to itself full
power to adopt or reject the decisions of the Confe-
deration, as it may think proper. The article con-
cludes with these remarkable words :—" Provided
that the last stipulation is not admitted as reconcile-
able with the character of a Confederation of States
(Staaten-bund), Austria will not be in a position to
join it."
By an ordonnance, fixing in Austria the mode of
election to the German Parliament, there will be a
deputy for every 70,000 souls; thus 190 members
will represent Austria at this assembly.
The Municipal Committee of Vienna are about to
organize a guard for the security of persons and
property, called Sicherheitawache, as a substitute for
the old police—the latter force having become too
unpopular to be retained in the service.
On the 11th, in the morning, cavalry and artillery
were dispatched from Presburg to Brilnn, at which
disturbances had broken nut. T. the
former town ;there are only a piquet of cuirassiers and
about 200 foot, for repressing, in conjunction with
the National Guard, the excesses continually taking
place against the Jews. Colonel Mussnios, Minister
of War in Hungary, has been promoted to the rank
of general.

this morning early for Geneva. It is supposed that
it is Cue e;i-kiiiig going, Lt i Jviil LoLA
111oNTEs."

DENMARK AND SCHLESWIG-
HOLSTEIN.

REPORTED BATTLE IN SCHLESWIG.
We have received the following account of an
enga!zemPnt hPtween the German 4 and the DanPs,
near Sehlesw4. The intelligence iA very con,'Aised
" RENDSBURG, APRIL 23,
46 ONE O'CLOCK AT NIGHT.

" The Prussian troops marched out of this place
yesterday afternoon, at three o'clock. They were
followed by an almost interminable succession of the
other Federal troops, and of our dragoons, who had
been quartered in the neighbourhood of Remmels,
to recover after their five day a' harassing fatigue at
Flensburg. It was not till six o'clock today that
the last party quitted Rendsburg, and at half-past
seven several waggons arrived, bringing the
wounded and a number of Danish troops prisoners
They brought the intelligence that on the approach
of the Prussians the Danes retired from Kropp to
Schleswig, and that between two and three o'clock
a fierce combat ensued to the west of Bustorf and close
to Schleswig.
" At the first point the Prussians, who had vowed
to conquer or die, without waiting the arrival of the
artillery, stormed the newly-fortified Dannewirke
and the embankments thrown up at Bustorf. This
combat cost many lives, but terminated in the taking
of Friedricksberg and the so•called Erdbeerenberg,
while the dykes at Gottorf are still in the hands
of the Dimes. The mines placed in the dams
by the Danes will scarcely accomplish their object,
as the prevailing north•east wind has forced the
water of the Schlei into the ditches, and rendered
them useless. Simultaneously with the Prussians
the Zastrow Corps advanced to Missunde, towards
the' left wing ; by the first fire dismounted one of
the two batteries of the enemy, then the other, and
was in the very act of taking the Ponton. Further
down the Schlei, by the estate of Stubbe, the Was-
mer Free Corps crossed at eleven o'clock, the boat-
men having made arrangements to transport 1,000
men across at a time. Thus all possibility of retreat
was cut off by the Danes. It is true that they have
prepared a broad causeway through the Kappellen
Angeln, but even if they succeed in reaching their
place of embarkation, the east wind will probably pre-
vent their ships from sailing wherever they are not
taken in tow by the steamers.
"11 o'clock.—There are continued arrivals of
wounded. The number of prisoners brought in is
about 30. Schleswig is said to have been taken."
The Hamburgh Borsenhalle of the 24th, dated one
o'clock P.M., says—" A letter from Rendsburg of this
morning (the 24th) says, Schleswig was taken by
the Prussians yesterday. The fortress of Gottor
was still in the hands of the Danes during the night 1
Two divisions of the Danes, together with several
dragoons, are said to have gone over to the Prus-
sians.'

" By another letter from Rendsburg, dated the
evening of the 23d, the taking of Schleswig is said to
be certain. The Danes, pursued to the eastward,
saved themselves at Alissunde by crossing the Schlei,
and endeavoured to prevent our troops from pur-
suing them by maintaining a constant fire of small
arms. The guns which they had planted there
were dismounted. Of the Prussian troops the 20th
and 31st Regiments are said to have suffered the
most.

"By the train last night we received the intelli-
gence that Eckenforde had been evacuated by the
Danes, who retreated to the head-quarters at Danne-
wirke. There is to be a general attack to-day. The
Schleswig Holsteiners form the right wing, the
troops of the 10th Army Corps the left wing, and
the Prussians in the centre."

COPENHAGEN, Armr. 19.

We learn from a letter written by one of the stu-
dents detained on board the Dronning Maria the
following facts respecting the manner in which the
prisoners were treated :
" We can assure our Hamburgh friends that the re-
ports in circulation there, that we are compelled to suffer
hunger, that we have been forced to the public works,
arid other similar statements, are utterly without foun
dation. On the contrary, ovvr ait•iinti,vo Dinue we have
neen on board the Dronning Maria is perfectly tolerable,
though by no means enviable."

TAUNG OF SCHLESWIG•HOLSTEIN BY

THE CONFEDERATE ARMY.
(LATER PARTICULARS.)

Since the above was in type we have received the
following official dispatch, which was forwarded by
General Wrangel, respecting the taking of Schles-
wig :

" Head-quarters, Schleswig, April 23, 1848,
Eleven o'Clock at Night.
"To the whole Provisional Government of the

Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein.
" I have the honour to transmit to the Provisional
Government the joyful intelligence that after an
obstinate engagement of several hours the Danes have
been defeated, and the city of Schleswig, so far as
the Gottorp Schleszdanwn, fell into our hands about
two o'clock this afternoon.

" The attack was afterwards renewed by the
left wing, whereby the city of Schleswig was
surrounded, and our troops penetrated as
far as the Chaussee at Flensburg. At half-past seven
the battle was over, in consequence of the encompass-
ing of the city. The castle of Gottorp was evacuated
by the Danes.
(Signed) " VON WRANGEL,
" Royal Prussian General of Cavalry."
A LTONA, Aran. 24.—1 f we may believe verbal
reports, the battle of Schleswig was very bloody.
The Prussians, without waiting for their artillery,
stormed the place at the point of the bayonet, and
the Danes most obstinately defended their position.
As these positions were for the most part very strong,
the taking of them cost much blood on our side.
The noble Alexander Regiment is said to have suf-
fered exceedingly, and many waggons laden with
the wounded continue to arrive at Rendshurg. Some
accounts state that 2,000 men were killed and
wounded. An unconfirmed report says that two
battalions which were recruited in the duchies, and
the dragoons, many of whom were natives of Schles-
wig, deserted to the Germans in large bodies.
HAMUURGII, APRIL 24, NINE O'CLOCK AT
NIGHT.—The train this evening from Rendsburg
says the Federal troops have advanced two leagues
beyond Schleswig ; that the advanced posts have
entered Flensburg itself, amid the loud acclamations
of the inhabitants, and that the Danes had retired in
the greatest confusion to Angeln. The loss on both
sides have been very considerable. The Prussian
regiment alone had 100 men killed.—Hamburgh Cor-
respondent, April 25.

RENDSBURG, APRIL 24.—1 t is impossible to give
an exact estimate of the dead and wounded. Ihe
battle was very sanguinary, but the proportion of the
wounded far exceeds that of the dead. Up to Mon-
day morning, at nine o'clock, 116 wounded Prussians
were brought into Rendsburg hospital, and, of course,
those who were most severely wounded still lie at
Schleswig. The 20th Regiment nlonp has lost ICO
men. The loss of the Danes must have been still
greater. Every place is covered with their slain.
The number of prisoners this evening (24th) is 200
brought in here, and others are still on the road. In
Schleswig it is asserted that the whole of the 13th
battalion, which consists of Schleswigers, were taken
prisoners. They had received a promise from the
King that they should not act against their country-
men, and should only be employed in the garrisoning
of the castle. After the departure of the King this
promise was observed, and they therefore suffered
themselves to be taken prisoners. We will not vouch
for the authenticity of this report.
General Von Wrangel has issued the following
order of the day :
"Chief-command of the Duchies of
Schleswig-Holstein.
" ORDER OF TUE DAY.

"By a resolution of the Germanic Confe-
deration the chief command of the German
troops now assembled in the Duchy of Holstein
has been committed to me ; and I have this
day undertaken the command. Tl.e Chief of the
Staff is the Prussian Major-General Von Stock-
hausen, until whose expected arrival that service
will he performed by Major Von Kirchentield. The
commanding officer of Artillery, who is expected
this evening, is the Prussian Colonel Von Fidler.
As officer of of the Ordnance the command is to be
undertaken by, a Hungarian and Schleswig-Holstein
officer. The Staft guard is committed to the Prus-
sian troops.'

At the commencement of hostilities the following
proclamation was issued :
" Soldiers,—The rights of Germany have been
violated by the Danes, and it is your resolve to main-
tain them. Having been appointed your general in com-
mand by the Germanic Confederation, I consider it
a peculiar honour to be permitted to lead on to this
combat. The tried valour of yourselves and of your
leaders are a pledge of the result. Onward for Ger-
many ! This be henceforth our motto, and with God
for our guide the victory is ours. All had one corn-

anon fatherland, all had Germany ! And now on-
,

"VON WRANGEL,
" The Royal Prussian General of Cavalry.
" Rentisburg, April 22, 1848."
RENDsnueo, APRIL 21—Danish prisoners con-
tinue to arrive here from time to time. They are,
may well be supposed, treated with that considera but
tion and respect which is due to misguided
valiant warriors both by the authorities and by the
public. Severn) of the pri!i(aleis
their officers toll tla to that ev6y Pri3nn".
would be immediately beheaded here, and they are
therefore the more surprised at the reception which
they meet with.
DISHONOURABLE TREATMENT OF THE DEAD ANf
thD
WOUNDED.—The Schleswig-Holstein Gazette oe
24th says :—" With the deepest regret and feeling
of
shame at the conduct of our own countrymen, we
publish the following letter from a German officer
"`Schleswig.—Early on Monday morning, scarcely
was the battle at Schleswig ended, when we every'
where saw Schleswigers on the field plundering the
dead. The Danes at Flensburg had invariably
thrown a handkerchief over the face of the dead,
and had mounted sentinels, who, however, `.ere
not in every case able to prevent tn.
occasional pillage of a watch or money. The Ger.-
mans had neglected to use the precaution, and their
negligence was .fearfully avenged. The Gerinaa
rabble plundered the dead, nay, is it not probable that
many who were severely wounded were treated 10 101
like manner by this impious horde, and strippe. t.
their very shirts ? I never witnessed a more fear
scene than this array of corpses in a barn. Mbut anYb(,
them were naked ; one officer had nothing l
shirt and coat, but everything else was
that
trousers, shoes, stockings, nay, everything at w
available was gone. These marauders are
a dir
grace to the war. The sight was terr
tile. I shall never forget it. In the pan'
ru"
of humanity, I entreat that measures be taken,to p
vent the recurrence of such atrocious scenes.
vivid
The letter is written from the camp, on the first
impression of the revolting scenes. Our reporter
a man of the most tried integrity, and if he shoo
zit
have taken too gloomy a view, we shall rejoice
but the doubt. We became acquainted with tn`i
Danish rabble at Flensburg ; but we have learned
that the Germans are by no means superior. .
lIAMBURGH, APRIL 25.—A private COmalunlic, d
'.ion considerably reduces the number of the killed
and wounded at the battle of Schleswig. In too
20th and 31st Regiments there are from 150 to °
rendered unfit for service, including 50 killed. Ja
the Emperor Alexander's there are 9 killed fitolo
wounded. 120 Danish prisoners are shut uP
fortress at Gottorp. The Duke of Brunswick 1..1.
turned to the scene of action by this nwrnings
When the luggage
train lc ft Rendsburg
at half-past eleven o'clock, there was no further 11'
telligence from the seat of war. • Mo'
COPENHAGEN,
APRIL 22.—The health of
jesty was so far improved that he intends leaving
this torniq:
Fredericia for Odensee in the course of a fevi
Orders have been received at that place for bis•
jesty's arrival.—Harnburgh Borsenhalle, April ,„
lIAMBURGH BORSENIIALLE, AP le IL 25.
e"ef.

Austrian 5 per Cents ••
Bank Shares ••.•••••.•••••••
Loan ..• ••••••• • •• •• ,:s
Russian 5 per Cunt., Ilamb. Certificate. •--- ---
Ditto Ist seriesinscription.• ••••• • .• • • --
Ditto,Plope andCo.,Sit and 4th series•• --- •••••
Ditto, in Certificate ••••••••• • • • • • • • • • .....
New 4 per Cent., Hope and Co. ••• • •• 05
Ditto Stieglitz ...• ••••••••• • • • • • • • • --,, Oe
Spanish New 5 per Cent • • -
. . --•

Ditto 3 per Cent .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Anglo-Portuguese Loan, 294 per Cent • •
Dutch Actual Debt, 294 per Cent. • • • • •

Ditto 3 per Ce;it.:•:• • • • • • • • • • • • •
Polish New 4 per Cent. I .oan, 1844 • • • •
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent ••• • • •
National Bank Shares.. • • • • • • • • • • • • •

POAD. ,
The following proclamation has been issued bythe
Central National Committee of Poland :--- t„ most
" When, in the year 1846, in contravention of
°te.roes
solemn treaties, and as if to fill ep the measure fcc,.,,covitt
perpetrated on the Polish nation, the Republic of ; ,b o•
the last remnant of our independent countrY, whanatioa
fished and incorporated into Austria, the lis' oci
declared this act to be the final partition of 11011%t;r014
summoned its perpetrators before the tribunal °I
and posterity—
" Punishment soon followed the criate,
ea. of 00
te 3
oce
" t the preset momnt, in
receivein offichial nennpla•
meat of a new partition of Poland being in Nate
not u*
Lion. Indeed, we could not believe it, had it
the
communicated to us by authority.
" Under the very dubious pretence that in sane "
districts of the Grand Duchy of Posen, the Ger/1411c'
are more numerous than the Poles, reactionary to
tionaries, oblivious of the most sacred rights, uneh'ee•
understand the spirit of our time and its e g e(!t'.
anxious only to retain their places, have, by. aulti,
spurious agitation in favour of German
tilastionskoil,„
compelled the higher authorities to give
Guise that such districts will be separated ell' a pr
from ,
Duchy of Posen, and incorporated ith the Gera"'
Confederation.
a We declare most solemnly, that, true to the wh°„4l.
tenour or our history, the Polish nation will, as 5000,4
it becomes free and independent, leave the free
of government nationality to those portions of tb°,,--
country which, from their contiguity with other n":
Lions, seem now of a doubtful and mixed ehariecnter;
but as long as this restoration of the whole of i 0 lens
dent Poland shall not have been accomplished, s°r°ol)r
we shall consider the separation of any- portion ,1-'it'tt
country as a new partition of Poland; and we elluerolpr:
enter our solemn protest before the nivions °'
against so lawless an act, anti arraign the 01.igiu,itteuef
and the perpetrators of this scheme bfore the
the present generation and posterity.
(Signed)
JAROCHOWSKI, M. ATIELZYNSIII, CAS'
PRUSINOWSKI, LIBELT, POTWOROV/ssl'
SIDS, MORACZEWSKI, STO3ICZNROOKI'
" Posen, April 17, 1848." the in'
The Courrier de Cracovie announces that at -"four
stigation of the Prince-Governor a deputation ecil by
of the principal magnates of Poland, heade t Sr.
KRASINSKI, will present itself to the Eursncshi.,a
Petersburgh, with the object of entreating for 1;..-0.00
establishment of the kingdom of Poland ast'vecte
previous to the revolution, and for taking all nyn-
sary steps that those parts not actually now tbjr--r the
part of Poland may be also united together unued
Russian the
Crown. Of those parts, Gallic/a d
a two'
Grand Duchy of Posen are to be understooso 1.0
If the Prince Governor be really the pers°ll
a vvih lllpor'
advised this step, the information is of great,
tance. From Konigsberg, under date ot. "n-tosise
April, we hear tbat three regiments oftbei
Guards some days since left St. Petersburg;Q.s•
will take up their quarters for the present at •".:17 awl
The Germans. of the towns of 1(rotose111091
Zdmir have published an open letter to ther,enersl
Commissioner for the Grand Duchy of Posen, 'edence,
%VILLISEN. It contains a vote of want of f the nnvoisl
caused by the ultra-Polish tendencies ros ia
eomulissioner, whom they reproach with hilybotindi
his he,
concessions to the Poles overstepPe4 t
of his office. They lay great stress on the (lenerlics
c oa
permitting part of the Poles to continue in 91313a01t
his promise of an amnesty even to dezerters,
that the d'erea
the rashness of his pledging his word
would ratify these concessions, which endallillbelit
the safety of the German population of P°sen. s sad
declare that they will not obey any of his Orderb;lllte
that, till the KING himself shall have decideci
of the province, they will acknowledge no rale w'
of
that of the former Government. ader
Another manifesto addressed to the Colll°3 av-t
the Prussian forces in Posen, General Cnif'j
dated the 15th inst., has been published 4,5i0,
.
Germans of the town and district of lirotnse-distric
the name of the German population of the het
and the province. It reminds General CoLo°ll,oo3
little sympathy the ultra-Polish movement tbolia
among the peasantry of Posen till the 01,0°
clergy took the agitation in hand, and, acting
the prejudices and superstitions of the ingsseLbaV
ticized the uncivilized and benighted Polish "-0
trc
tants of the country districts. They advert "roteip
greatness and imminence of the danger, and,,,P,e a ttit
that the Archbishop of PosEN must be in
exert the ,yhole of his influence with the elergf:ogf,'
a atop to these criminal and destructive Proton
and conclude by petitioning General Col,ogn t 1
their cause with the Archbishop

RUSSIA. fecee
The Au 7,
gsuurg Gazette states that, by tbe e'
mendationei of Marshal PASKIEWITZ, GOVerrifrOo
nra of Poland, a deputation was to proceed r
w arsaw to St. Petersburgh, to solicit the Evert, at
RUSSIA to re-establish Poland in the same Poli
tic:o to
existed before the revolution of 1830, as weld pol'i
demand 4
the union of all the parts of rolanui
etor
subject to other Sovereigns into one state. 4 've/
from Berlin states that General DE PrIJEL 113' at of
sent to St. Petersburgh, it was supposed to tre oe'
the situation of Poland; and that an Austri3fiirgh
neral was to proceed from Vienna to St. l'eteSsm- -
at the same time, for the same purpose.

AVALLACHIA•
A letter from Bucharest, on the 6th of -4Pl„i'
the Suabian Mercury, says :—" The fears 011 the
out
ject a
of a conspiracy which was expected to breftti‘ 038
not yet been realised. It appears thtjeo'
have ireti
Russian consul has exercised a sort of inter
y say M. DE KoTzEnug has receited 0003
The