The Sun.
London, England, 1846-08-05 00:00:00

N 0.16,810. LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING SUN, AUGUST 5, 1846.

EXETER, YEOVIL, AND DORCHESTER
RAILWAY.
The Committee of the house of Lords having reported that they
are of opinion that " a Direct Line of Railway from Exeter to
Salisbury by Yeovil is required, but that the Bills in their present
state shoo d not be proceeded with this session," the Committee of
Management beg to inform the Shareholders of the Exeter, Yeovil.
and Dorchester Railway Company, that arrangements swill be made
with the London and South-Western Railway Company for carrying
out tho recommendatiou of the llouse of Lords.
JOHN CLENCH, Secretary.
13, Bedford-circus, Exeter, August 1, 1846.

THE NORTHERN COUNTIES UNION
RAILWAY.

Incorporated July 27,1846.
NOTICE to the PROPRIETORS of ORIGINAL LEEDS and
CARLISLE SHARES.
The Directors having resolved to equalise the amount of deposits
paid on the different Scrip Shares in the Northern Counties Union
Railway Company, hereby give notice to the holders of Original
Leeds and Carlisle Scrip, that they may ree:.ive the sum of One
Pound Two Shillings and Sixpence upon each share of 251., on the
registration of the same.

The Office of the Company, at No. 1, Poets' Corner, will he open
every day, from E'even to Four o'clock, until tbrty• eight hours pre-
vious to the general meeting, on the 25th of August, for the purpose
of registration.

By order of the Board,
CHAS. LOCOCK WEBB, Secretary,

THE NORTHERN COUNTIES UNION
RAILWAY. (Late YORKSHIRE and GLASGOW UNION,
and YORK and CARLISLE.)

Incorporated 27th July, 1846.
FIR ,;T GENERAL MEETING.
Notice to Shareholders.

F Notice is hereby given, that the Act of Parliament for the Incor-
poration of this Company, having on the 27th of July last, received
the Royal Assent, the FIRST GENERAL MEETING of the
SHAREHOLDERS (required under "The Companies' Clauses Con-
solidation Act," to be held within One Month from the passing of
the Special Act), is appointed to take place at the London Tavern,
Bishops ate-street, London, on TUESDAY, the 25th day of August, at
One o'clock.]
0,-te or other of the following conditions must be complied with to
entitle the Shareholders to be admitted to the Meeting :-
Ist. They must have signed the Yorkshire and Glasgow Union or
the York and Carlisle Deed, and must produce and leave at the same
tire for registration, the identical Scrip for which they signed.
2nd. Parties who have not signed the Deeds, but who have bou ht
Se.tip ar.Shares,-must inmedlately depoett as have the same -de 0
at this Office, or at the Company's Office in Leybum, Yorkshire, or
at the Company's Office in Kendal, Westmoreland, for registration ;
and such Scrip cannot be received at either Office later than forty-
eight hours preceding the Meeting.

3rd. Parties who h'ave sold Scrip; for which they signed the Deeds,
and have purchased and now hold other Scrip, must observe the
second condition.

4th. Parties who hold Leeds and Carlisle unstamped Scrip or
Allotthent Letters, in either the Leeds and Carlise, the Yorkshire
and Glasgow, or the York and Carlisle Companies, must also observe
the second condition.

Shareholders to whom it may not be convenient to attend and vote
at the meeting on the 25th of August, can vote by proxy, and upon
communicating to me their desire so to vote, a form of proxy will
be forwarded to them. Such proxy, however, duly signed, must be
lodged at this office at least forty-eight hours preceding the meeting.
By order of the Board,
CHAS. LOCOCK WEBB, Company's Offices, 1, Poet's-corner, Westminster, July 31,Secretary. 1846.
FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SCRIP.
I herewith deposit Scrip, viz.:—
For Shares in the original Leeds and Carlisle.
For Shares in the Yorkshire and Glasgow Union.
And for Shares in the York and Carlisle.
And I claim to be registered as the proprietor of the said shares
subject to the general rules, regulations, conditions, and orders of the
Northern Counties Union Railway Company.
I request to have sealed certificates in exchange, in which describe
me as follows :
At full length.
Christian Name . .
f Surname ....................
.
Address ...... .....
Usual Signature
Dated this , 184
To the Secretary of the Northern Counties Union Railway,
1, Poet's-corner, Westminster.
N.B. In transmitting Scrip, it is particularly requested that the
words " Forwarded for Rs gistration," may be written across the
face of the Certificate.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
2G, CORNHILL LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
This Institution embraces important and substantial advantages
with respect to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured
has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without expense or for-
feiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premiums paid (see Table);
also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his in-
terests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible
rates.

DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The remarkable success and increasing prosperity of the Society
has enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare
a fourth bonus, varying from 35 to 85 per cent, on the premiums paid
on each Policy effected on the Profit scale.

EXAMPLES.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION,
A CHEMICAL LECTURE, by Dr. Ryan, daily, and on
the Evenings of Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Professor
liachhodher's LECTURES on NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, with
brilliant experiments, daily. MACINTOSH'S REVOLVING EN-
GINE. COLEMAN'S PATENT LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE for as-
cending and descending Inclined Planes. FARRELL'S ARCM-
IiEDIAN RAILWAY. The ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY, all in
action. HALLETTE'S ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY VALVE.
The OPAQUE MICROSCOPE. The OXY-HYDROGEN MICROS-
COPE, exhibiting a fine Collection of Living Objects. A beautiful
Picture of the CHAPEL in the CONVENT of st. CATHERINE,
near Jerusah.ni, by Mr. Charles Smith, is one of the Series of DIS-
SOLVING VIEWS.

Admission, Is.; ScNools, Half-price.

TABLEAUX \IVAN'S!
if
ALL OF R OME,
GREAT WINDMILL- STRE ET,
Eight Doors from Coventry-street, Haymarket.
THIS DAY AND DURING THE WEEK.
Professor Tumour, incited by the great patronage hitherto
bestowed upon his endeavours to win public approbation, respect-
fully announces that he intends producing from his " Repertoire"
several new classical and deeply interesting Groupings ; in which,
while the fair proportions of the models appear In Phidian and
Prax!talean beauty, the effect is heightened by the flesh tint, beau-
teous as if fresh from the pencil of Apelles. To illustrate and ren-
der instructive as well as amusing the various details of the Morning
Performances, he has also, regardless of expense, and at the sugges-
tion of the Nobility and Subscribers, engaged ➢ir. CHARLES SLO-
MAN, the celebrated and only English Improvisatore, who will
deliver Explanatory Expositions of the various Poses.
PROGRAMME.

I. Prometheus Chained ..
2. Circassian Slave :Market
3. The deep, deep Sea
4. The Mischievous Bee
5. The Shepherdess

Bendeman
• • Tumour

N,1111,1 i.resezTer - • • • • • • • • • Tumour
7. Orpheus subduing tho Syrens • • • . • • Tumour
8. May and the Morning Star (from Mettleld's cele-
brated Picture)
9. The Bacchantic Bacchanals
10. Venus will rise from the Sea—Venus by the New
Model
• . • • • • • • • • Tumour
11. Here am lon Tom Tiddler's Ground • • • • Tumour
12. The Storm
• • • • • • • • • • . Newman
13. The much-admired new Group, the Rainbow Nymphs Tumour
14. Paris and the Graces .. .• • • • • Canova
15. The Romans and the Sabine Women
16. Poses de Diverses
17. Diana and Actiton
18. The Artist's Studio
19. The Lute Player (by Desire) .• •• •• Eildibran
20. New Tableau Finale .• .• • • • • Tumour.
Afternoon Peformance at Three o'clock, and at Half-past Eight ha the
Evening.
Admission, Is. ; Boxes, Is. 60. ; Reserved Seats, 2s.

• • Tumour

COLORED PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS.
" We have been much pleased with the inspection of some
portraits taken by Mr. Beard. A great improvement has been
effected. The portraits now exhibit a degree of boldness, and stand
out with a relief greatly desiderated in all the earliest specimens of
the art ; while the method of colouring renders them agreeable and
life-lik."—Times.
Mr. Beard's Establishments, 85, King William-street, City; 34,
Parliament-street, 'Westminster ; and the Royal Polytechnic Insti-
tution, Regent-street.

•
REGISTERED PALETOT of LLAMA
CLOTH, 6 and 7 Victoria, cap. 65.
Patronised by the Prince Consort, Prince George ofCambrldge, the
Duke of Wellington, and the following distinguished visitors to this
country :—The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the King of
Beigitun, the King of Saxony, the King of Holland, Prince William
of Prussia, and further honoured by the : ) ntinued patronage of all
who seek an unaffected gentlemanly appearance. The cloth is
made of Llama Wool, a fabric most agreeably soft and elastic to the
touch, and is one-third the weight of ordinary woollen clothes, but it
corresponds in shades of colour. It is -very durable, and naturally a
repellent of rain, yet so porous as to admit of a due escape of exces-
sive bodily heat. These advantages, with the very moderate price
charged, renders the Registered I'aletot worthy the attention of all.
They can be purchased in London, of the Patentees only, at their
Warerooms, 114, Regent-street, and 22, Cornhill,

---
ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE
CAFFER WAR.
(From a private Correspondent of the Northern Whig.)
Cape Town, May 15.
You will have seen that we are at war with our Caffer,
or, to write more correctly, our Kafir, neighbours, who
lie along our North-Eastern boundary.
There is no good map of the Cape colony. Arrow-
smith's, and that published by the Useful Knowledge
people, are both incorrect. Our boundary, however, is
the Great Fish River and the Kat River on the east.
In 1819, we had advanced our limits to the Keir Kamma
River, farther up. But the chiefs and people had
been allowed to settle westward of Keis Kamma, and
had remained there until in the course of time com-
plaints of depredations on the colonists became so loud
and general that a partial expulsion of some of the
tribes was determined upon. The measure was carried
into effect with some severity, and at a season of the year
unfavourable to the Kafirs. They resented the clearance
like Tipperary boys. But they nursed their wrath,
and kept it warm, until they had matured their
designs, and extended their confederacy ; and then, in
December, 1834, they rushed in numbers into the
colony, burning, plundering, and murdering, right and
left. Sir Benjamin D'Urban, then Governor (under
whom Sir Harry Smith, who won the battle of Aliwal,
the other day, then served), hastened to the frontier,
called out the inhabitants, collected a large force,
gradually worked the Kafirs out of the colony, followed
them over the boundary, and at length granted them
terms of peace, by which a new province was added to
the Cape colony, the eastern boundary of which then
became the Great Kye River. Lord Glenelg, taking an
unfavourable view of the causes of the war, and believing
it, though apparently aggressive on the part of the
Kafirs, to have been, in reality, defensive, rescinded the
D'Urban policy, and ordered that the territory between
the Keir Kamma ancktheKye should be unconditionally
abOnCon&2l, and ihai the space between the Great Fish
River and the Keis Kamma (called sometimes the neutral
territory, and sometimes the ceded territory), should be
surrendered to the occupation of the Kafirs, who con-
sented to receive it as a boon, and to regard it as subject
to resumption by the colony, in case of bad behaviour.
The conduct of Lord Glenelg, in thus undoing what Sir
Benjamin D'Urban had done, is even yet a subject of
fierce contention in the colony. But the immense ma-
jority are against him; and, for my own part, looking
at the matter after a ten years' experience, I think his
conduct was unwise. He applied to the lands in ques-
tion English ideas of ownership, inapplicable to the
Kafirs and the nature of their occupation. They are,
themselves, like every other tribe in South Africa, upon
ground which their old men remember the time they
took possession of. Their descent is not clearly traced,
but they are not the aborigines. They found in those ter-
ritories the Hottentots, who had exterminated the Bush-
mans; and the peculiar click of the horrid Hottentot
tongue has been, to some extent, adopted by their con-
querors, whose original language (judging from such
kindred dialects as I have heard spoken), was tor-
mented by no such miserable sound. And in his
estimate of the Kafir character, Lord Glenelg was mis-
led by a good man's sympathy. The Kafir, certainly,
never sheds biood for the mere tiger-like delight
of shedding it, like the miserable, half-human Bushman.
But he is an incorrigible liar and thief, uncivilizable (so
to speak), beyond, I imagine, any other savage ; and,
though he does not murder for mere fun, he discovers no
regard for either your life or his own, when cattle are
in question. The missionaries have wholly failed to
make any impression on them. Witch-doctors and rain-
makers never had more influence in Kafirland than at
this moment, and missionaries, I regret to say, never had
less ; while I have reason to know, that the custom of
the forcible abduction and violation of females, after
having been for a time discontinued, has been renewed
by Sandilli, the paramount chief of the Gaika tribe, the
most numerous and warlike of our immediate neighbours,
and has been agreed to be put in force against the
families of missionaries, and missionary stations,
generally. In regard, moreover, to the cause of the war,
Lord Glenelg refined too much, and applied reasonings
two much concatenated for the Kafir understanding. I
do not find that they themselves defend their
attack upon the grounds on which the Secre-
tary of State supposed them to have been driven
to it. But, besides all this, the thing was done; and the
true policy, I apprehend, would have been, to regard it
as a fait accompli. The Kafirs had become Britis sub-
jects, had received British laws, and, in time, might
have bean insensibly imbued with the rudiments of Bri-
tish civilisation. lam far from blaming Lord Glenelg.
His dispatches, as published, do him, if he wrote them—
or Mr. Stephen, were he the writer—much honour. It
he erred, he erred on the noblest side. The Colonial
Office should not be judged by the event. So judged,
Lord Stanley's New Zealand policy may well be called
mischievous. So judged, Lord Glenelg's Cape policy
may well be called the same. Both aimed to secure the
rights of the aborigines. Both may end in wars,' in
which the question simply is—shall the white man die
Tunhdiseristhaewnaartivoef, owrhitohhe
all tdie
historyunder
iis hae prophecywhite ma
noc
the ultimate result. At this moment there is, upon our
frontier, a beginning of this end.
When the D'Urban policy was overthrown, treaties
with the chiefs were entered into. With some of the
mummery of that of Waitangi, they contained a princi-
ple fully comprehended by the Kafirs. The Chiefs were
to repress cattle-stealing by their people ; and, when
stolen cattle were traced over the border, the Chief of
the territory into which the "spoor," or trace, was car-
ried, was to compensate the owner, and punish the thief.
To work this system, and render a vigilant executive
authority compatible with a supreme Government, six
hundred miles distant, in Cape Town, a new officer,
called the Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern districts,
was created. The first appointed was, probably, the
most remarkable man ever produced in this colony, Sir
Andreas Stockenstrom. His father, who was Landrost,
or Chief Magistrate, of Graaf Reinet, fell in a bor-
der foray, under the assigais of the Kafirs. Sir
Andreas succeeded to the office, and rose, by energy
and ability, still higher. As Lieutenant-Governor,
he might have done the colony much service. But
he had given evidence, in London, before the Abori-
gines Committee of 1837 ; and his evidence was sup-
posed to have pressed har on the colonial character,
and, therefore, on his return, as Lieutenant-Governor, he
was received with one roar of indignation, from Gra-
hamstown to Colesberg, which, being a man of excitable
temperament, disturbed him more than, perhaps, was
necessary. After remaining a couple of years, he went
home, in Sir George Napier 's time, to resign. Lord Gle-
nelg, to whom he tendered his resignation, refused to ac-
cept it, and pressed his continuance in office. Then
Lord Glenelg awoke, one morning, and found his ser-
vices dispensed with ; and Lord Normanby quitted Ire •
land, to take charge of the Colonial-office. The new
Secretary re-considered the matter, and wrote to Stocken-
strom, that, in consequence of his unpopularity with
the colonists, he considered him unfit to serve
the public as Lieutenant- Governor. Perhaps this was
questionable ground to take. How long would Lord
Normanby have been Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, if
unpopularity with those whom the Government was de-
termined to check and control, had been deemed a good
ground for recalling him? Then there was, as I have
heard, much writing to and fro between the ex-Lieu-
tenant-Governor and the Secretary of State ; but no-
thing very satisfactory. The end was, that Lord John
Russell, who exchanged offices with Lord Normanby,
made Sir Andreas a Baronet, and gave him a compen-
satory pension of 700/. a-year, charged on the colonial
revenue. He has since lived here in private life, be-
having with much prudence and circumspection. But
to myself, as to all who know him, it is a source of
no little surprise, that he has not received a Govern-
ment in some other possession, or, has not in some
other way, been brought again into the public service
of the Crown.

Had Stockenstrom remained to work the treaties
which he framed, depredations might have been sup-
pressed. He knew the Chiefs, and they knew him ; and
every inch of their difficult country was as familiar to
him as to themselves. Colonel Hare, of the 27th, a right
good soldier, succeeded Stockenstrom in 1839, and has
since administered the frontier system. Early and late
have he and the successive Governors, Sir George
Napier and Sir Peregrine Maitland, worked at this ques-
tion. If Peel's difficulty be Ireland, the difficulty of
every Cape Government has been the Boers and Blacks
beyond us. Sometimes winking at depredations ; some-
times threatening chastisement ; sometimes trying sub-
sidies ; sometimes placing troops within the ceded terri-
tory ; sometimes moving against a particular delinquent;
thus things wore on. The cry, from the frontier to
Cape Town, was continually for protection. Horses and
oxen were constantly disappearing, carried off with a
dexterity and daring truly wonderful. The mutual
understanding, or common consciousness, that seems to
exist between a Kafir and an ox he never saw before,
beats mesmerism. A peculiar whistle sets the creature
flying. But the farmer pays for the Kafir's whistle,
which is rather hard.
e
Sir Peregrine Maitland relieved Sir George Napier,
in the beginning of 1844. When he visited the frontier
colonists,in the h
Septembero s
umomf thatned tyear,
hbieesfis,
red mboynstrate complaining
with
them, and, in order, if possible, to stop their plunder,
remodelled the treaties ; and, for the purpose of further
checking them, availed himself of a power, expressly re-
served by treaty, to establish a military post in the ceded
territory. The erection of post Victoria, and the brave
words previously uttered, for a time abated the nuisance;
but when a conflict beyond the Orange River, between
our emigrant Boers and the Baastards, or Griquas, called
away the troops from the eastern frontier, to put down
the Boers, and protect the Griquas in their lands, de-
predations began afresh, our complaints became less
regarded, and a tone of insolence not previously assumed
began to characterise the communications of the Chiefs.
Compensation under treaty was refused or delayed on
the most frivolous pretences. It was easy to see that
war was in the wind. _ . _

Such a state of feeling was but natural. The passion
of a Kafir for cattle, like the passion of a miser for gold,
is much more intense than a mere desire of property, or
of what property will procure. But even cattle are with
him only a means to an end. It is with cattle that he
buys his wive'.
A party, sometimes called with us " the War Party,"
and sometimes " Young Kafirland," has brought on the
hostilities in which we are now engaged.
The young Men have never felt the rower of the
colony, haying reached maturity rime the ;ut war

they want wives, and must steal cattle to purchase them ;
they perceive their numbers increasing ; they obtain
guns and ammunition from the traders, who take in
return gum, hides, and ostrich feathers ; and, looking
upon the flocks and herds of Al.-any and Somerset, they
doubtless say, with old Blucher, looking down on
London, from St. Paul's,—" What a plunder !" Peace
ar.d plunder would be their first wish ; but, if you will
not suffer them to combine these two, then, war and
plunder is wish the second. To " Young Kafirland"
the chiefs and counsellors have given way; and hence
we are now fighting.
The real ground of war then is, that the Kafirs,
whether by war or pence, will carry on depredations,
and that the colony will not put up with depredations in
peace. The only alternative is war.
One important point is to be borne in mind, as an in-
disputable fact, that, for the last seven years—l might
go further back—but, for the last seven years, at all
events, no colonist, of any sort, size, or description has
committed any act of violence or outrage in any part of
Kafir land.
The immediate ground of war was this:—A Kafir,
within the colony, stole a hatchet, and, being caught,
was sent to jail. While on his way, under a small escort
of Hottentot constables, sixty or seventy armed Kafirs,
of Botman's tribe, burst into the colony, attacked the
escort, hurried over the boundary the rescued prisoner,
and a constable, to whom, for safety, he had been hand-
cuffed, severed the hand of the constable, is order to
free the prisoner from him, and then put the constable
to death with assegais. During the scuffle, a shot, from
one of the escort, killed one of the attacking party.
The gang belonged to Tola's people, who are again a
part of Botman's tribe, who again recognise the para-
mount authority of Sandilli, the head of all the Gaika
Kafirs, son of Gaika, the late Chief, by his great, or
Tambookie, wife : and in right of that origin, superior
to his elder, and far abler, brother, Macomo, the off-
spring of an inferior mother, not of the aristocratic
ambookie race.
Colonel Hare demanded the surrender and punish-
ment of the murderers from Tola, Botman, and San-
dilli. No Kafir ever gives a direct answer. But they
gave no satisfaction. An axe, they thought, was a
small thing to send a man to prison for. If one of our
people had been killed so had one of their people, and
the dead men weighed equally heavy. They thought
that no more should be said upon the subject. They
neither promised nor pretended that they would comply
with our demands.
Recent events had tended to give significance to this
conduct. Sandilli, a feeble young man, with no capa-
city, a shrivelled arm, a crooked leg, and a crooked
temper, had lately performed some strange pranks. By
treaty, he was bound to protect traders sojourning in his
country ; but he had gone to a trader's store, forced
him to open it, struck him for being slow, and had then
taken away such goods as he thought proper to select.
The same chief had carried off cattle from a missionary
station, and flatly refused to give compensation to a far-
mer whose cattle had been carried, by the thieves, into
his country. The diplomatic agent for the Gaika tribes,
Mr. Shetch, sent for satisfaction for these injuries. His
messengers found the chief in a passion. The cause was
this :

Finding the water failing at Post Victoria. the Go-
vernor wished to change the site. Blockdrift, on the
Chumie River, was supposed to be an advantageous po-
sition ; and, as it was beyond the ceded territory (where
we had, by treaty, a right to place forts) negotiations
were opened with Sandilli, for the purpose of obtaining
the necessary right. He proposed his terms, which
were under consideration, when the Governor considered
that a previous inspection, before closing the bargain,
would be desirable. By a misapprehension of orders,
what was intended for a mere inspection became a sur-
vey, by a small party. No intimation of the thing had
been given to Sandilli, who, therefore, had a right to
say, that, notwithstanding his offer, we had no authority
to view the offered property, without his permission.
Mr. Shetch's messengers arrived the day after the
surveying party. Sandilli received them at his Kraal,
or Great Place, which is close to the spot, and, having
heard them, returned a most insolent reply.—They
were to say, that the Governor was a rascal; that the
Lieuteua,nt-Governor was a rascal ; and that Shetch
himself was a rascal. Traders and missionaries were
under his feet, and they must lie quiet there. He
would give no compensation for Ranbenheimer's cattle;
and if the Governor came to ask for it, his answer would
be, " there are my warriors." Shetch, he said, must
not sleep, till he had sent this message to the Governor.
And the tent there must go, and the party, also. There
must be no soldiers in his country; and Sheshago (Port
Victoria) also must be quitted. This was his word.
On hearing of this message, Col. Hare left Grahams-
town, and proceeded to Fort Beaufort, from whence he
sent a message to Sandilli, to meet him, the next day,
at Blockdrift. In reply, the Chief sent him an apologetic
message back. His old counsellors were not with him
when he had spoken foolishly to the former messengers,
and with the young men he had been a child among
children. He would coma to the Lieutenant-Governor,
if the latter would guarantee his personal safety. This
was, of course, guaranteed.
Next morning came a message to his Honour, from
Sutu, Sandilli's mother, asking forgivenness for her son.
Colonel Hare, about three years ago, saved Sutu's life.
Tyali, a half-brother of Sandilli's, and a full brother
of Macomo's, had died. When a Chief dies, unless in
war, or great old age, his death is ascribed to witch-
craft. Under Macomo's patronage, a witchdance was
held; and the doctor, after snuffing about for the
party who had bewitched Tyali, ended by smellng
out Sutu, who had been Gaika's great wife, and
was the mother of the paramount Chief. That Macomo
had managed the matter, for his own ends, no reasonable
doubt can be entertained. An informality in the cere-
monies required a new dance. In the mean time, Col.
Hare, contrary to Grotius and Vattel, and in derogation
of the independence of our allies, sent in troops, who
carried Sutu into the colony for safety, and thus saved
her from a lingering death. Some people blamed his in-
terference ; but, for my own part, I warmly approved of
it. It is terrible even to contemplate the torments of
those who are made the victims of that mixture of
trickery and superstition, compounded by the scoundrel
witch-doctors of Kafirland ;—now devoured, by being
forced into a nest of red ants ; now roasted between red-
hot stones ; now subjected to yet more capricious cruel-
ties. Poor Sutu 1 the idea of roasting her was too bad.
She is the fattest woman in Kafraria ; and weighs better
than five-and-twenty stone.
I have mentioned Macomo. William Howitt, if I re-
member rightly, in his book on colonisation, says,—
" This Macomo seems to be a very fine fellow." This is
a mere matter of taste. His wish to roast old Sutu I
have told you of. For the last seven years, he has been
dead drunk, in Fort Beaufort canteen fot much more
than half his time. A missionary, in his neighbourhood,
remonstrated with him for killing one of his wives, in a
fit of drunken fury. He professed sorrow—(not that he
ever pretends to be a Christian)—and was very anxious
to know from whom the missionary had learned
the fact. And then Macomo, sinking the fox, came out
the lion, and avowed that his object was to put to death
the author of the information. But while sober,
which he seldom is, his faculties are superior
to those of any other chief. I saw him in Fort
Beaufort, last year, looking well, and showing no
signs that constant drinking had destroyed his con-
stitution, or dimmed, in any way, his clear and cunning
eye. Ile, and the four or five wives who were with him,
begged from me at once, as all chiefs, great and small,
invariably do. My interpreter remarked a good-look-
ing Gonah girl as a new wife, and asked how much she
cost ? Macomo answered, six oxen. He said she was
cheap, and seemed well satisfied with his bargain.
But, to return to Sutu and her message. It was con-
ceived in the figurative language, which is their prose,
and our poetry. The Lieutenant-Governor was a great
father, Sandilli was an erring child. The father might
be angry and punish ; but afterwards he would pity, and
protect. The Kafirs were very fearful about their land.
When Fort Wiltshire was built, in Gaika's time, it was
said that it was built to strengthen Gaika ; but, after-
wards, land was taken. The Lieutenant-Governor,
therefore, must have patience with Sandilli. This was
the word of Sutu. She sent it to save her child.
At the place of meeting, at Blockdrift, Colonel Hare
assembled a considerable force of horse and foot, and
some field-pieces. Right opposite advanced Sandilli, at
the head of 7,000 Kafirs mounted and armed with guns,
and a great multitude of men on foot. Fearful of being
surrounded, Colonel Hare extended his lino upon which
the Kafir horsemen extended line, as well. The con-
ference was long, and, it would appear, satisfactory to
his Honour. Judging from the report of it which I have
heard, I could not participate in this sentiment. The
insolence was, in part, disavowed ; but the refusal to
give compensation—the arrogant claim to treat traders
and missionaries as he pleased—and the impudent de-
mand, that no military post should remain even in the
ceded territory—were all maintained.
A difference of opinion exists as to the conduct of
Colonel Hare on this occasion. Some think that the
irregularity of our unlicensed survey demanded all pos-
sible forbearance from us. Others conceive, that San-
dilli's duplicity, upon the subject of his negotiation for
the site of a new post, only aggravated the insolence of
his general demeanour, and are of opinion that Colonel
Hare should have given him an hour to comply with his
demand for apology and redress, and, failing his com-
pliance, have sent some shells and the 7th Dragoons into
the midst of the masses collected, obviously for an osten-
tatious display of force. But others, viewing some late
pacspg,s in border war, arc of opinion that it was very
fortunate we made no movement at Blockdrift, as the
probabilities are, from the disparity of force, and
the unexpected determination now shown by the Kafirs,
that they would have been worsted, and pursued into the
colony by a furious throng of savages, flushed with
triumph, ready to disperse in plundering hordes, and to
spread ruin and devastation over a country wholly un-
prepared to resist such an invasion. lam one of those
who take this view.

These events left the minds of all in a very feverish
and unsettled state. The colonists, in alarm, were
arming, to defend themselves from an anticipated
attack. There was a loud cry to the Government to
he firm ; and much was written and declaimed about
energetic measures, and dignified attitudes, and God
knows what beside. And then, the Kafirs, seeing the
preparations in the colony, began to prepare, too. Guns,
ammunition, assegais, and Veldt-schoen (field shoes)
were purchased by them, in every quarter in which they
could be found. There was much mutual apprehension

and distrust. Sooner or later, it was clear, that war
must come. Hence the outrage which I have before
described, and the effect which, owing partly to its
own inherent grossness, and partly to the particular
time at which it was perpetrated, it instantly produced.
Colonel Hare then publicly announced his determina-
tion to chastise our turbulent and faithless neighbours,
and vindicated the insulted power of the colony.
The Queen's troops on the frontier are somewhat
over three thousand men. Colonel Hare devolved upon
a yeomanry force the defence of Grahamstown ; made
other arrangements for relieving the regular forces, in
other places ; and, dividing the army into three divi-
sions—one at Fort Beaufort, one.at Fort Peddie, and one
at the Kat River—reported himself ready to move into
Kafirland, or, at least, into the ceded territory, and wrote
to the Governor, in Cape Town, to declare the war.
To conduct military operations, when you are six
hundred miles from the scene of action, is impossible.
Seventy five is late to take the field. But the Governor
at once recognised the necessity of proceeding imme-
diately to the frontier, which be reached in the Admi-
ral's ship the President, placed at his disposal.
In this hasty and imperfect sketch, I cannot stop to de-
scribe the events which have since occurred ; but, I re-
gret to say, that their general result is uafavourable to
the colony. Our enemies are more numerous, more for-
midable, more active, and more determined, than had
been anticipated ; and our preparations for resisting
them have proved very incomplete.
I have already referred to our actual line of boundary,
the Great Fish River. Opposite Fort Beaufort, and in
that direction, are the Gaikas, the most warlike and
worst conducted of all the Kafir nation. Between the
Gaikas and the sea, down towards the mouth of the Fish
River, are the Tslambie and Congo tribes. On the other
side of the Gaikas, and stretching thence Eastward, lie
the Tambookies,—a numerous, but comparatively paci-
fic class. possing the Kye, and along its left bank, you
have Creile the successor of the Hintze, the most power-
ful potentate amongst the whole of the Amakosa Kafirs ;
and between Creili and our new settlement of Port Natal,
spreads out a fine and fertile country, inhabited by
another branch of the Kafir family, under Faku. With
all these Chiefs the colony had treaties of friendship and
alliance.

Our war was with the Gaikas. With none of the
others had we any ground of quarrel ; and one of the
Gaika chiefs had long separated himself, by good
behaviour, from the rest, and had been admitted to a
separate treaty, at his own request. This was Eno, who
died since the war began, being, as is supposed, nearly
one hundred years of age. He was friendly to the last.
, Shortly before his death, he paid Colonel Hare the
greatest compliment a dying chief could pay, by sending
a messenger to say that he trusted to him to see him
buried, and not to leave his body in the bush. Every
attention was paid to the old chief, by the colonial
authorities, civil and military, near his Kraal. He is
succeeded by his son Stock—called after Stockenstrom—
as the Kafirs pronounce his name.
For some days after they entered the ceded territory,
the troops, instead of meeting any opposition, did not
see a soul, save now and then': a mounted Kafir,
engaged in reconnoitering. But, some mismanagement
gave a new turn to affairs. An immense train of
baggage waggons (the necessity of which I have
never heard explained) was brought through the bush,
stretching for miles, and guarded by a couple of
hundred soldiers at each end. One of the middle wag-
gons stuck in a drift or ford, and stopped the huge pro-
cession. Down rushed Kafirs in thousands, starting
from the bush, like the mountaineers of Roderick Dhu.
The leaders, and drivers, and soldiers opened a fire; but
it was soon silenced by the close and continuous rattle
of the Kafir musketry ; and the upshot was the capture
of between 50 and 60 valuable waggons, with their oxen,
and much food and clothing, worth not less than 10,0001.
The enemy drove off the oxen, plundered the waggons,
and then burned them. Rescuing the ammunition wag-
gons with difficulty, the troops retreated, pursued and
harassed by the Kafirs to their very encampment. The
things captured were rare trophies. Sable gentlemen
arrayed themselves in military coats, and proud of their
upward splendour, disdained to wear any other article of
clothing whatever. They attacked the medecine chest,
eating blistering plaster, and, it is said, swallowing the
laudanum. But, besides all these, there was not a little
food, which they carried off to their fastnesses in the
Amatola mountains.

Encouraged by this signal success, the enemy became
more daring ; and their greater daring led to more suc-
cesses. The troops, in fact, were outnumbered, and
brought to act on the defensive ; and then the Kafirs,
delayed by no commissariat, driving no huge train of
waggons, and greedy for the plunder of our scattered
homesteads, rushed in plundering parties into the colony,
cutting off stragglers, stopping the mails, and scattering
the contents, and sweeping off cattle with a celerity
altogether wonderful. Farmers and their families were
soon flying for protection to all strong positions ; their
houses were being burnt in all directions. With the ex-
ception of forts and towns and some well-situated and
strongly fortified farm-houses, the whole of Albany, and
much of Somerset and TJitenhage, were in possession of
the enemy.
The effects of all this speedily became visible. The
war with the Gaikas is now a war with all Kafirland.
The Gaikas point to the plunder derived from the capture
of the waggons—to the droves of colonial cattle brought
in ; and incite the cupidity of the rest, by the spectacle
of their triumphs. It is not in Kafir nature to stand
this. The consequence is, that the war-cry has been
raised by Pato and the Tslanabies ; that the Tambookies
are wavering, almost certain to declare against us ; and
that Creili is rumoured to have entered into the con-
federacy.
To meet the mighty danger in which the colony is
placed, the most active measures have been resorted to.
Martial law has been proclaimed throughout the entire
colony. The Burgher force of every district, from
Colesberg to the Cape, has been called into the field.
All persons and all property are placed at the disposal of
the Government, in this great emergency. Now, in the
winter season, the farmers and their people are called
away, from sowing time, to march hundreds of miles to
the seat of war, receiving but scanty food, and sleeping
nightly in the open air. Horses, fire-arms, waggons,
&c.,—all are, under the pressure of necessity, seized, and
applied to the equipment and conveyance of the in-
habitants. It is a struggle for life or death. To secure
a favourable termination of it, we require to array a
large proportion of our adult population on the frontier.
The Burghers are advancing; but, what with horses
and oxen knocking up, they are advancing but slowly.
When the present levy reaches the frontier, the Governor
will be at the head of the largest force ever assembled in
this colony—say, 12,000 inhabitants and 3,000 troops.
More of the latter are soon expected. The head-quar-
ters of the 90th, from Ceylon to England, put in for
water to Simon Bay, and were instantly sent round to
Algol Bay. The other division is expected to touch;
and, if so, they will share the same fate; and the 45th
Regiment, from Rio Janeiro, is looked for daily.
Of the ultimate result I entertain no doubt. We
shall beat the enemy; but it will be at a cost to the
Home Government, to the Colonial Government, to the
frontier inhabitants, beggared by the invasion, to the
inhabitants generally, whose property has been seized
for the public service, and to the colony at large, which
will suffer for want of hands to till the ground at this
the proper season of the year;—to all these interests
success will be purchased, at a cost which it is frightful
to contemplate. We must count it, not by thousands,
but by hundreds of thousands—perhaps by millions.
God grant us a good deliverance!
The loss of life on our side has not been great, whilst
the Kafirs have fallen in considerable numbers. Both
are consequences of one cause. Since the war of 1835,
the Kafir has changed his weapon. Then, he used the
assegai—now, he fights with the musket. But he has
rarely anything better than a Birmingham article—
made, like Hodege's razors, to sell, not shoot—with
which he blazes away, doing small damage, but dreaming
that he is doing wonders. Encouraged by this notion,
he is more daring than before; and is, therefore, more
frequently shot down. It may safely be asserted, that
more Kafirs have already fallen in this contest than fell
throughout the entire of the last war. When (as must
soon be the case) their ammunition fails, and they must
again have recourse to the assegai, it may be expected
that their confidence in themselves will be lowered ;
while there can be little doubt, that our Burghers will
then proceed with more fearlessness through the bush
than they do at present.
I believe the Governor's plan to be, to await the
coming up of a large irregular force to support the
troops, then to divide the latter into two bodies—one,
under himself, to enter the ceded territory of Fort
Peddle, and the other, under Colonel Hare, to proceed
to Fort Beaufort. In the meantime, we see, by the last
arrival from Grahamstown, that Sir Andreas Stocken-
' strom has been appointed Commandant-General of the
Burgher force—a nomination which has restored the
confidence of the public in the proper conduct of that
body. Leaving people enough to protect Albany and
Somerset from any flank march of the enemy, our forces
will penetrate the Amatola mountains, where the Gaika
and colonial cattle are, and where the enemy must be
found in masses, and must fight.
But, at present, all is despondency. Burning houses
literally redden, every night, the skies of Albany and
Somerset; and immense numbers of cattle are driven off
before the faces of our troops, too weak to turn out from
shelter. Not less than 60,000 head of cattle have been
thus carried away, whilst the destruction of sheep has
been immense. The enemy are cruel, always destroying
the wounded, and uniformly disfiguring the dead.
We soon hope for better things. Unlike the last war,
this war has no opponents. Mr. Fairbairn, son•in-law
of Dr. Philip, and proprietor of The Commercial Ad-
vertiser, a political writer of rare talents, who strenu-
ously opposed the last war, strenuously supports this ;
and the name of Sir Peregrine Maitland will be taken
as sufficient security for the necessity of the war, by a
large class in England, who might canvass the conduct
of another Governor with more severity. The prayer
of every one is, that this war, so disastrous, so expen-
sive, so harrassing, and so likely to prove protracted,
may so terminate as to prove to be the last of our con-
flicts with these people. A Kaffir war every ten years
would ruin us. As it is, this war will throw us back
five-and-twenty years.

GLASGOW SUBSCRIPTION TO CORDEN.—WO learn that
at a preliminary meeting of the Anti-Corn-law League, held
yesterday, eight gentlemen put down their names for two
hundred and fifty pounds each, making twos thousand pounds
t 9 ommonve witia,—Glegoto 45aturciay Post,