The Sun.
London, England, 1870-02-28 00:00:00

THE, SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 23, 1870.

a raison d'être. Wherefore the Archdeacon gives the
matter up. But he is still sorry for the Bishop him-
self ; for while his speech in Convocation left the IRISH ELECTIONS.
matter of " non-republication " where it was, it has The Times asks how would the adoption of the Ballo\
have modified the disturbances at the Irish electionsLft
taken away the " moral value and grace " of the would have protected the timid, and would h
withdrawal. The speech, however, it may be pre- increased Mr. Osborne 's majority. It would C3err°taiiil;
sumed, is not sufficient to prevent a man remaining a have exasperated the passion of the mob, and have
bishop.
added to it flat disbelief in the honesty of the
return. The characteristic to which we have
called attention would have been at once manifested
Rage at the result we have already, A conviction that it
was obtained by the treachery of the poll-agents is the
element now wanting that would be then supplied. What
Irishman is ever persuaded that he is fairly beaten ? When
does he acknowledge that an agent of the Government
can be honest, or an officer of the law truthful ? The
Horne Secretary and all the gaolers in Chat
ham and Portland may join in affidavits that
O'Donovan Rossa has not received corporal punish-
ment, but they will never convince Fenian Nationalists.
The extraordinary letter of Mr. Kickham, and the still
more extraordinary address of the Itickham committee to
the electors of Tipperary, in our Irish correspondence
seem to shew an absolute inability on the part of the
writers to understand that others may honestly look at
the same objects. as themselves from different points of
view. If we had the Ballot in Ireland, we should see pro-
found and obstinate incredulity breaking into passionate rag‘•
every time the popular favourite was unsuccessful.
The Pall Mall Gazette remarks that the Waterford con -
test from first to last, was a bludgeon fight, not a trial of
voting strength. The police stoned and forced to retire,
cavalry called out, constables stabbed and trampled upon,
voters' heads broken in the act of polling, houses wrecked,
omnibuses burned in the streets, one man at least shot
dead and several others seriously injured—and Mr.
Bernal Osborne sent up to Parliament as the net result of
all this brutality. Similar but still more sanguinary scenes
are looked for at Clonmel. Tipperary scorns a mere
" Nationalist " like Heron. Nothing short of a rebel and
a convict will suit its needs, or express the ferocity of its
hatred to the English connection. Being unable to get
O'Donovan Rossa, it insists on having Kickham. Now,
who is Kickham ? He was arrested, along with Stephens,
in November, 1865 ; was supposed to be the third
member of the "Irish Fenian Executive ; " was tried and
convicted of treason-felony in January, 1866, and sen-
tenced to fourteen years' penal servitude • but was libe-
rated by the mistaken clemency of our Government: early
in 1869, and immediately resumed his treasonable opera-
tions, having become one of the most truculent writers in
the Fenian press—in one of his papers exhorting Ireland
"to leap to her feet, and with one sweep of her unfettered
arm hurl the invader into the sea."
THE DUKE OF RICHMOND AS CONSERVATIVE LEADER.
The Duke of Richmond as leader of the Conservative
peers, with Lord Derby sitting coldly and Lord Salisbury
half estranged, would, says the Standard, indeed have had
an uphill work to perform. But proposed by the Marquis
of Salisbury, and seconded by the Earl of Derby, as their
leader, assured of the earnest co-operation of those two
statesmen, and with of their immediate friends and fol-
lowers' he comes forward with all the prestige that should
naturally attach to the leadership of a strong majority
in the House of Lords, and with all the confidence
that cannot fail to be inspired by the consciousness
that right and left of him are sitting the representative
men of his party, heartily united with him in the asser-
tion of their common principles. We should have pre-
ferred, as the Duke of Richmond himself would have
preferred, the Earl of Derby or the Marquis of Salisbury.
But it is no slight tribute to the Duke that two such men
should volunteer their aid and promise their support to
him, and that with his leadership the last semblance of
estrangeinent in the ranks of the Conservative peers should
have passed away.

SPIRIT OF THE PRESS,

THE IRISH CHURCH CONVENTION.

The question of the Episcopal veto has risen again
at the sittings of the Irish Church Convention. An
amendment was proposed by Mr. Bloomfield, to the
effect that any measure passed by a majority of both
clerical and lay orders, and rejected by the order of
bishops, might again be brought forward at the next
session of the General Synod, and if then passed
by a majority of two-thirds of both clerical
and lay orders voting separately, to become law. The
amendment was lost by a majority of 86, and thus
all proposed restrictions on the absolute power of the
bishops seem tq meet with disfavour. The Duke of
Abercorn ~aia Judge Warren spoke against the
amendment, and Dr. llorroney hoped that their
childron would be able to say, " Thank God we have
a house of bishops."

ID ISLE FRIENDLY SOCIETIES.
The Registrar of Friendly Societies in Ireland
tells the same dismal tale that the late Mr. Tidd
Pratt so often told of similar bodies in England.
There has been a considerable falling off
in the number of new societies established
in the Green Island. " The Registrar is of
opinion that this is partly caused by the increasing
stability of the existing societies ; but there is no
doubt that the decrease is also to be attributed to the
present state of the law relating to friendly societies,
and the want of any effectual check upon
the officers or upon the members themselves
in the expenditure of the funds. It is very difficult
to detect, and still more so to get legal proof of breaches
of the law and misappropriation of funds, and the Regis-
trar is of opinion that until some effective supervision
of the funds and audit of the accounts of friendly
societies have been established by law, that there
will not be any great increase in the number of
societies formed in Ireland." We have all heard this
statement in similar words many times before ; and,
unless the office be abolished, we shall hear it again.
And if the office be abolished, the same system of
swindling will go on, only the public will not be
troubled with any information about it. The
Registrar has no substantial power even to obtain
intelligence. He sent out 424 forms, and has re-
ceived 326 returns, but very few are of the slightest
value. It is extremely difficult, says the Registrar,
to get any useful or trustworthy information.

TIIE MORDAUNT CASE.
The cause celebre of the week in the Divorce
Court has proceeded on the assumption that
the insanity of the respondent is a bar to a suit for a
dissolution of marriage. There are very few
cases bearing on this question. In "Bawden
v. Bawden," it was held that a suit for
divorce cannot be maintained against a lunatic,
but a lunatic can prosecute a suit for nullity
of marriage, or for divorce. The Solicitor? Journal
points out that in civil proceedings the insanity of a
ntaintiff or defendant is no bar to an action for a
wrong committed before lunacy, because the object
of such an action is the benefit of the complaivantt
and not the punishment of the offender. In criminal,
cases, on the other hand, the lunacy of the accused
is an absolute bar to his trial, partly
because he cannot defend himself, and partly because
the object of criminal proceedings is the punishment
of the offender, and it is absurd to punish a lunatic.
In "Bawden v. Bawden" the court followed the
analogy of criminal rather than of civil proceedings,
and allowed the lunacy of the respondent to be a bar
to the petition. But was this the correct course ?
Are not the proceedings most directly for the benefit
of the petitioner, and not for the punishment of the
respondent? Will it not be hard to deprive the
former of relief under any circumstances? The
Solicitors' Journal thinks the point ought to receive
more attention than was given to it in "Bawden T.
Bawden."

THE EDUCATION BILL.

The Daily News observes that it must be already evident
to the Vice-President of the Committee of Council on
Education that the religious difficulty in national educa-
tion is a steeper hill than it appeared to be as he
looked at it from a distance. The fact is
that religious education, as those who are most
interested in it witness, will never be so well
looked after as when it is left to voluntary
zeal. Let the State teach all it can, and make an
instructed nation, and then the Church will take up the
children where the state leaves them, and make of an
intelligent and instructed people a religious people. Our
only regret is that Mr. Forster did not see his way to
make the new schools national in this wide sense. There
is a growing conviction that, admirable as the measure is,
and earnestly as Mr. Forster has endeavoured to
obviate the evil of denominationalism, the bill
will not do all the good it is meant to do, and is
capable of doing, till it has been amended in this sense.
The national schools must be schools to which all the
nation can go without any one being put in an exceptional
list, towards which all the nation can contribute without
any sense of injury or wrong, and about which theological
and ecclesiastical discussions can no more be raised than
they can about national telegraphs, the national Post
Office, or the national debt.

THE POPE AND THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT.
The Post declares it can hardly fail to come about that
strong steps must be taken by the Cabinet of the Tuileries
to bring the Pope to a sense of his real position, and we
shall be surprised if many days elapse before we learn
that remonstrances of a most vigorous nature have been
addressed to the Vatican. The first care of the
French Government will probably be directed to
obtaining for the very Council itself some powers
for that free expression of opinion which has hitherto
been systematically refused to it by the Vatican.
The French Government have no choice ; they are neces-
sarily placed in the dilemma of either protecting by
physical force the promulgation of dogmas which are the
ruin of every idea dear to Frenchmen, or of abandoning
to the currents of revolution institutions which they still
desire to hold sacred. If the Pope should force upon
them this alternative, the evacuation of Rome by the
Imperial troops would at once close the session of the
(Ecumenical Council, and leave the Holy Father to con-
sider which flight might best suit his safety.

EIGRICULTUR-41, LABOURERS' EARNINGS,
An official return of the average rate of weekly earning's
of agricultural labourers in England and Wales in
respect of the Michaelmas and Christmas quarters, 1869,
and the Ladyday and Midsummer quarters, 1870, has been
published. The chief points to which the return is con-
lined arc the weekly wages, the weekly earnings by task
work, the allowance of food or drink, in what quality
and quantity, and what emoluments besides wages. These
points seem to involve the vital questions affecting the
moral and social condition of the English labourer. By
these returns the minimum of wages with the maximum
of drink are clearly shewn to belong to the Western
counties. The following details are therefore selected :-
In Wiltshire two districts are instanced-Devizes and
Alderbury. In the former,the weekly wages of the men are
Ils. 6d. task work, 16; women, 4s. and 10s. ; children,
under 16, ss. In the latter, men, 10s. to 12s. and 16s. to
18s. (weekly and task) ; women, ss. to 6s. and Bs. to 9s. ;
children under 16, 2s. to 2s. 6d. The allowance for drink
in these places is beer or cider of the value of 2s. for men,
ditto of 6d. for the women, and 6d. for each child under 16.
In Alderney three or four quarts of beer are allowed
daily when at work at harvesting, &c., to the men ; two
quarts to the women under similar circumstances, and two
quarts to the children.
In Dorset three districts are instanced-Wimbourne and
Cranbomme, Wareham and Purbeck, and Cerne. In the
first the weekly wages are-for men, 9s
,6d; task work,
15s to 18s ; the average earnings being 13s ; women, 4s for
all classes of work ; children under 16, 2s and 5s ; average,
3s 6d. In the mu:mid-men, 105 and 15s ; women, 4s ;
children under los, 4s 6d. In Cerne-men, Os to 16s ;
women? 4s to 6s ; boys under 16, 4s 6d ; girls, 3s 6d. The
drink is stated to be for the districts of Wareham and
Purbeck equivalent to about £1 for the harvest. In
Cerne the allowance for drink is is. per day with three
pints of ale. Shepherds in the latter district
earn 10s. to 12s. per week, and extra pay in
the lambing season according to the number of lambs
reared. In dairy farms butter and cheese are purchased
at a low price, in lieu of wheat. In mowing season meP
earn from 14s. to 16s. weekly, and ale or cider allowed.
In Devonshire Axminster, Okehampton, Tiverton? and
Barnstaple are instanced. In Axminster men are relieved
at Bs. to N. weekly, and 9s. to 12s. task work ; women,
45.: children under 16, ls. 6d. to 3s. Okehampton : men,
to 125., and 12s. to 15s. ; women, 4s. ; children under
16, from 6. to Is., with board and lodging in the house.
Tiverton : men, 95., and 4s. ; women, 45. 64. ;
childrenunder 16 living indoors, ls. to 2s. 6d. perweek ; out-
doors, 3s. to ss. per week. Barnstaple--men, Ils. (no
task work) ; women and children nil, except a few days at
harvest time when they earn 10d. a day and their meat
and drink. The drink allowed in Axminster is three pints
a day for men. At Okehampton constant labourers
two or three pints per day. At Tiverton two quarts per
day, and during haymaking and harvest an
increased quantity of food and liquor. Women are allowed
a quart of cider daily and portions of their food in hay-
making and harvest time. Children mostly live indoors,
and are found drink and lodging, &c. ; children out of
doors are allowed about a quart of cider a day. In Barn-
staple, if a quart of cider is allowedper day, Is. is deducted
from the wages of the week.
In Cornwall, Camelford only is instanced. In this dis-
trict men earn lls. weekly, and 15s. task work ; women
and children under 16, 4s. 6d. No drink allowed. One
month's food allowed during harvest.
In Somerset, Shepton Mallet shews the average wages of
men to be 10s. to 12s. and 14s. to 15s. ; women, 4s. ; and
children under 16, 4s. to 55., with one and a-half gallon
of cider weekly. At Axbridge the men average 11s.
weekly, women Os., and children under 16, 6s. to Bs. With
this goes bread, meat, cheese, and potatoes (five meals a
day), and one gallon of cider per man, and bread, meat,
cheese, and potatoes, with tea, for women and children.
A few instances of the average weekly wages in other
counties, as shewn by the return, are interesting, as shew-
ing the differences between the maximum and minimum :
-Gloucester, 12s. and 13s. • Worcestershire, 13s. ; War-
wickshire, 12s. ; Leicestershire, 13s. • Derbyshire, 12s. ;
Cheshire and Lancashire, 15s. ; Yorkshire, 15s. to 18s,
Northumberland, ditto ; Cumberland, 155.; Westmore
land, 14s. to 185. • Wales, 9s. to 15s.

THE MORFA COLLIERY ON FIRE.—A third dis-
aster has occurred at the Morfa Collieries. The exploring
party have discovered the main workings to be on fire.
The greatest efforts are being made to drown the ignited
portion of the pit, and the air supply has also been stopped.
No person has been injured by the unfortunate outbreak.
It is supposed to be the work of an incendiary.

At the Durham assizes, on Friday, the Muntz
Metal Company, Birmingham, presented a bill before the
grand jury against John and Alfred Clay, of Sunderland,
merchants, for misappropriating moneys intrusted to
them. The case was before the Sunderland magistrates
last week, and dismissed after two days' investigation,
when the magistrates held that the law did not apply.
The company then determined to indict at the assizes. In
charging the grand jury, the Judge referred to the case,
and said in finding such a bill they would be considering
the magistrates wrong, and that the case ought to have
been tried at the assizes. The jury during the day threw
out the bill.

PROGRESS OF TILE HARVARD COLLEGE REVOLU-
Trox. Processor E. W. Gurney, one of the editors of the
North American, and last year a much urged candidate for
the presidency of the College, has been appointed to the new
office of " dean of the faculty," a sort of vice- presidency ;
R. W. Emerson as university lecturer for 1870- 71, on his
this year's topic, " The Natural History of the Intellect ;"
Samuel Eliot as university lecturer on the " History of
the Nineteenth Century ;" Judge E. IL Bennett of Taunton,
lecturer in the law school ; 0. W. Holmes, jun., instructor
in constitutional law ; John Fiske, instructor in history ;
and N. St. John Green, instructor in philosophy—the last
three for the next term only. Candidates for admission
to the college are required to know more of mathematics
and modern languages hereafter, and mathematics are to be
an elective study throughout the college course.

FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.

AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

On Saturday afternoon three plate layers in
the service of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway
Company were killed near the Elephant and Castle
station of the Metropolitan Extension. To get
out of the way of an up passenger train they
stepped on to the down line, not observing a coal
train which was coming towards them at the rate
of about twenty miles an hour. It is supposed from the
manner in which the bodies were found that the poor fel-
lows could not have seen the coal train till it was upon
them, and the noise made by its approach would be
deadened by the other passing tram. They were all knocked
down by the engine, which cut off the head of one man,
and mutilated the bodies of the others. The deceased were
all married and sober men, and as it is only a few months
since five platelayers were killed in a similar manner on
the South-Eastern Railway, and several others on the
Brighton line, it is urged by railway servants generally
that on all lines where traffic is great some measures ought
to be adopted to lessen the risk to which their employment
renders them liable.

(From the Anglo- American Times.)

Mr. James M' Henry, President of the Atlantic
and Great Western Railway, has addressed a circular con
taining matter of deep interest to the Bond and Debenture
holders as well as to all connected with the line. His first
proposition is that the earnings of the road are equal to its
engagements; that those earnings can be doubled by good
management; therefore instead of occupying the painful
and discreditable position in which the enterprise is now
placed, it ought to be amongst the most prosperous rail-
toads in the United States. To secure in the future the
results of which Mr. M‘Henry is so confident, it is pro-
posed to foreclose and sell the road to General G. B. M•Clel-
lan and S. L. M. Barlow, as trustees, who will then form
a new company under a similar title, m 'sing a new issue of
securities. 1— A general mortgage overall, sufficient to ex-
change the new Bonds for the first divisional Bonds and
overdue coupons, adding 25 per cent. of the certificates of
Debenture of 18'.'4. 2.—Over the whole line sufficient to
exchange for the second divisional Bonds and overdue
coupons, and for 25 per cent. of the certificates of Deben-
ture of 1861, redeeming also the Coupons duo prior to cus-
pnosion. 3.—Over the whole line in exchange for the con-
solidated Bonds, and 25 per cent. of the unsecured certifi-
cates of Debentures of 1868 held by general creditors.
These are restricted to 7 per cent. interest, but they are
to receive whatever is earned within that limit, a precau-
tionary measure to prevent further disputes arising. Shares
will be issued for overdue coupons of the Consolidated
Bond.. Thus one-fourth of the Certificates of Debenture
of 1864 will be exchanged for First General Mortgage
Bonds ; one-fourth for Second ; one-fourth for 5 per cent.
Preference Shares, to follow after holders of the Third
Mortgage have received their 7 per cent., and one-
fourth for common shares, thus exchanging all for
the New Securities at par, after which a further payment
of 3f per cent, will be made in addition to the 1i already
dividad. The recapitulation is as follows:

PRESENP CAPITAL.
Mortgage Bonds.
First Divisional
Second Divisional
Bonds held in trust for Certificate of
Debenture. 1861
Consolidated Bonds

Total $30,000,000
Shares

Total capital $60,000,000
PROPOSED CAPITAL.

First General Mortgage 510,500,000
Second General Mortgage .. 7,000,000
Third General Mortgage
Preference Shares b per
cent
Common Shares

-L.-a.-- 26,750,000

Total $65,760,000
Mr. M'Henry's scheme differs from that of Mr. Chadwick,
which he regrets, as that gentleman gave so much of his
time to the affairs of the railway, an aid he recognises as
important at a crisis when its early friends abandoned it.
Mr. Colorado Jewett has arrived from America
to look after his new Atlantic Cable. At Washington he
has been doing a considerable stroke of business. Indeed
he very nearly got Congress to guarantee 6 per cent. per
annum on his Bonds. Judging from the following extract
from the North German Correspondent of last Wednesday
his cable is likely to be successful, independent of Congres-
sional aid. "We learn from Rotterdam that the new
American Cable Company, which proposes to lay a sub-
marine cable betweea America and the coast of Holland,
was officially sanctioned on the Bth inst. The cable is to
pass the Azores, and if the French Government make no
objections it will also touch the French coast. The cost
of telegraphing between America and Holland must not be
higher than by any other line. The undertaking must be
co npleted within three years."

An opposition was rising to the admission of Mr.
Revels, the coloured Senator from Mississippi, and fr(111
the "carpet-baggers," too, who have discovered that he
had difficulties with the churches of which be had charge;
indeed, that he had embezzled the church funds at Leaven-
worth, Kansas. The Democratic Senators, it was thought,
would object, on the ground that he is not constitutionally
eligible. General Grant made a sharp remark to Senator
Spencer, of Alabama, who called to get an appointment
for a constituent, when he was reported to have said, in
reference to the rejection of Attoney-General Hoar, "You
little men in the Senate don't seem to like my nomina-
tions." Touching the rejection, the New York Evenin§
Post remarked, "The public have reason to be dissatisfied
with such an exhibition of petty spits on the part of the
Senate ; but with the result, which keeps Mr. Hoar in the
Cabinet of Gen. Grant, they have every reason to be fully,
satisfied." The Senate is growing weary of dealing individu-
ally with those disqualified by rebellion, throe thousand
being reported in a bill on the same day. A general Amnesty
Bill is th 3 true remedy, and, as Senator Stewart suggested,
it ought to be proclaimed with the adoption of the Fifteenth
Amendment. The Southern Senators dislike the proprsi-
tion, and plainly show it, but these are not the men to be
permitted to stand in the way of a beneficial measure.
The telegrams from America inform us of the
admission of Mississippi to representation in Congress
under the same conditions as with Virginia. Four members
took their seats on Thursday, the t'resident having on
Wednesday signed the bill adntittieg the State. Tho De
mocratic Senators opposed the admission of Mr. Revels,
the coloured Senator from Mississippi, but ineffectually.
The House of Representatives has expelled Mr. Whitti-
more, Republican member from South Carolina, for cor-
ruption, iu selling an appointment to a cadetship in the
West Point Academy. This "carpet-bagger" brings
home the benefits of reconstruction to its source, doubtless
to the intense delight of Southern gentlemen. The South
is revenged in Mr. Whittimore, and a steel point given
by him to the lance the Southerners have so energetically
though so unavailinglyused against "carpet-baggers." The
Monarch arrived at Annapolis on the 18th instant, and
the officers immediately received cordial invitations from
the municipalities of Baltimore and Washington. At An-
napolis the Naval Academy gave a ball in honour of the
officers ou the 21st instant, and they proceeded next day
on a visit to Washington. From Pembina, on the frontier
of the Red River Settlement, there is news to the 10th in-
stant. The officials of the Hudson Bay Company, both
the governor, M•Tavish, and the medical officer had been
arrested by Riel, on a charge of tampering with the officers
of the provisional Government ; so it turns out that Mas-
ter Riel commands the situation after all. At Ottawa the
Government policy in relation to these troubles had been
criticized in Parliament.

EMIGRATION NEWS.—One hundred and seventy-
five Germans, the first of a colony about to be established
in Colorado, arrived at St. Louis, Feb. 9. Over 250 men,
women, and children, all citizens of Chicago, though Ger-
mans, some having resided in that city more than ten
years, left on the 9th inst. for Colfax, West Mountain Park,
Fremont county, near the head waters of the Arkansas
River, in south-western Colorado. Colfax is 250- miles
from Fort Wallace, on the Kansas Pacific Railroad, 70 from
Puebla, and 30 from Canon City. Each emigrant sub-
scribed $250 as a common fund for the colony, and all the
branches of industry and enterprise will be worked on the
co-operation plan for five years, when an equal distribu •
tion of the assets will be made. These hints should not be
lost on British emigrants. Here we have the citizens of
the most prosperous town of the most prosperous State
banding together to form a settlement in the mountains
of Colorado, one of the finest, if not the finest, Alpine range
in the world. Beneath it spreads a prairie, extending for
1,000 miles to the east, and the choice can be mad of the
grandest and most fertile hill region, with a great mineral
wealth, or the open plain, without any impediment in the
way of the plough.
Among the arrangements in London for the de-
spatch of emigrants is the opening of an office at 34, Moor-
gate-street, for the land grant railways of the West, in
connection with the Pensylvanuia Central, who hope to
receive the moral support of the influential classes, as the
work, if calculated to benefit the railways and the Western
States, is no less calculated to benefit English society.
The railway companies desire to furnish eheap and com-
fortable ocean transport and railway carriage from the port
of debarkation in America to:the place of location, aided
throughout the journey. Also to disseminate valuable
and reliable information, and to extend the agencies in
England and Europe. They propose to sell their lands
direct to the settler at a low rate, with easy payment, un-
restricted as to selection, and as far as they can so to guide
him that he may become as soon as possible a productive
farmer. The philanthropic companies may rely on this
fact, and we would desire to impress it on them that
they cannot do better than work through these rail-
road companies ; and the reason is so simple and so
unanswerable that if they understood the position al
doubt and hesitation would disappear. It is the direc
and paramount interest of these railroad companies to
settle a large and prosperous population on their vast estates
along these lines. The quicker they can do this the

quicker will be the rise in the value of their property, and
the higher the dividends distributed. Here is the whole
case in a nutshell; for it must be remembered that it is not

their land which is valuable to them, but the traffic on the
rods which depends entirely upon the population. Hence
the necessity for running through a fertile, healthy coun-
try; hence the desire to obtain the freehold from the
Government for distribution to families at the cheap-

est possible rate, for the directors know that the

settlers' success is their success, and the failure of
the settler is the failure of their enterprise. Thus,
the interest of both is identical, and these companies are

not only the most powerful corporations in tbo States, but
they bold the land on which emigrants must settle, whether
the philanthropists like it or not. They may despatch the

emigrant by a roundabout way so that 1;0 will pay the most

and get the least for these very acres, hut two out of every
three men who receive assisted passages to America will

inevitably settle down ou the lands of one of Close Western

Railroad Companies. We would, thetefore, recommend

Emigration Societies to deal dirPct with any agency repre-
senting these great Railroad Corporations.

Mr. Woodward, of Pennsylvania, in debating the
House resolution to inquire into the alleged sale of cadet-