The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-27 00:00:00

ONION, MO-NDAY
_EVENING, JULY Q 7, 1848.

the closest manner anything connected with
the service to which he has devoted him-
sAf, and of which he is so great an ornam-nt,
professegllim,;elf ast,nistied at the 111,1,S lit intorwa-
tion brought fOrwarJ, and stated thiit he had
heard a clearer elucidation of th. state of the na‘y.
The total amount of the votes taken was 7,667,4141.,
from which, deducting the reserved credit for
190,4611., the gross sum required for that
branch of the public service would be 7,476,953/., a
large expenditure indeed, and one deserving of the
closest scrutiny of the House ; but large as it is; we
are convinced that there is no Englishman who would
desire that the efficiency of the navy should be im-
paired in any the slightest degree by any undue
economy, or petty saving ; we have too long suffered
under the effects ofthe penny-wise and pound-foolish
system to desire that it should be tried on a service
which has justly been looked upon as the bulwark
and defence of England—the source of her power
and i;reatness. Mr. WARD, most properly, refrained
from holding out any false hope of a diminution of
the expenditure. He stated " that he did not believe
that any great reduction in these estimates was pos-
sible or probable, so long as the naval establishments
of other nations continued on the footing on which
they were at present placed. He thought it would
be both unfit and unsafe, he believed it would be
dishonourable for England again to run the risk she
had twice done during the last five years, from an
unwillingness to increase their naval establishment—
that there were periods, when any sudden rupture
here, or on the other side of the Atlantic, would have
found us unprepared."
This is, indeed, a serious consideration : it is well
known that the best way to avoid a war which,
under the most favourable circumstances, must
prove injurious to our commerce, and disastrous
to the best interests of the nation, is to be
found ever prepared for any alternative that
may be forced upon us, to be enabled to protect the
rights and interests of our country. Such a state of
preparation, too, enables us to speak temperately and
firmly, that while on the one hand we make no un-
worthy, unwise, or dishonourable concession, any
step which we may take to avoid so frightful an event
cannot be imputed to timidity or cowardice. The na-
tion, conscious of its strength and power, can afford
to take steps for the preservation of peace,
the policy or prudence of which might be doubtful in
another, whose resources were less available. It was
by these means that we avoided the horrors that
would have been occasioned by hostilities with our
trans-Atlantic brethren, with whom we may now look
forward to a long interchange of friendly relations,
mutually beneficial to both countries. There was one
part of the Right Honourable Gentleman's speech
which we hailed with peculiar pleasure—that which
hell out a hope that the close attention
of the Admiralty would be directed during the recess
to a system which alone could afford a substitute for
the atrocious one of naval impressment, a practice
repugnant alike to every feeling of justice and equity,
and injurious to the parties robbed of their liberty,
and subjected to the vile and brutalising lash. This
painful necessity (if it can be called a necessity) has
hitherto been occasioned by the want of a proper sys-
tem of organisati m by which a connexion between
the royal and the mercantile navy might be formed
and kept up, and the services of men who had once
served their country, who had been practised and
trained in naval tactics, whose prAssional education
had been completed, and each of whom would he
more valuable than four of the untried men, who
could be procured even by impressment on any
occasion of emergency, might be readily and imme•
diately obtained. The Act for the general
register of seamen, although it is susceptible of and
requires much improvement, has proved a great
check upon desertion from the merchant service, but
it is not in that respect alone that it would be valu-
able. It would be the source and origin from which
they might, at a trifling expense, draw in time of
need, and, with a proper organisation, would form
a most powerful naval reserve. They would
always have at home trained sailors, ready
for the advance ships ; but, as the Hon.
Gentleman well remarked, there was in it too
much of mulct and penalty, too little inducement to
merit, and too little of permanent interest. It has been
'he common mistake to attempt matters by coercion
which could be much more efficiently and usefully
lone by kindness. We may hope that an alteration
will take place, and that a better made of
treatment will henceforth be adopted to•
wards our hardy seamen—that steps will
he taken, to use the Hon. Secretary's
own words, to recal and collect together those ele-
ments of strength now scattered over the whole globe.
By our own fault they are so scattered, and it is in
our power to recal them by devising a better mode
of treatment for the gallant men upon whom the
country must rely for its safety. What can be more
foolish, or ridiculous, or more injurious in its
effects, than the practice of discharging a whole
ship's company the moment she is paid off?
The consequences are most demoralising and in-
jurious to the men themselves—they are plundered
of their hard-earned wages by a set of harpies who
are in waiting, watching for the opportunity, and in
a few days are left in destitution, and obliged to seek
from other powers that employment which is
not afforded to them by their own country.
Thus their skill, training, and discipline is
lost to us, and transferred to other nations, by
whom it is more fully and correctly appreciated.
Would it not be far cheaper to retain those valuable
men in our own service, to give them a permanent
interest in their own country ? A certain number
could be kept always ready to supply any demand.
We sincerely trust that the present Board of Admi-
ralty will reorganise and systematise the great defen-
sive arrangements now in existence. NVe leave it in
their hands, and augur %yea of the result from the
fair promises held out.

lhe German Gazette of Frankfort announces that
the Russian and Prussian troops left Cracow on the
13th instant. she Austrian garrison was, according
to some accounts, to remain for three years, and ac-
cording to others, for a longer period. The three
political residents will also leave, the arms having
been removed from their hotels. A Russian agent
is to remain. The English agent has received orders
from his Government to confine himself to commcer•
cial affairs so long as the present state of things
continues.

The Hamburgh Correspondent publishes a letter
from Hanover of the 17th instant, which says—

" The King has been ill for the last week. Yesterday it
WIS reported that his disorder had assumed a serious charac-
ter, but we are disposed to believe that the report is un-
founded."

A correspondent of the Cologne Gazette states that
on the 18th the Second Chamber of the States of
Hanover deliberated on the proposition of M. LANG,
respecting the duchies of Sleswick and Holstein. M.
DE KLENZE, one of the Ministers, maintained that
the Chamber could not interfere in the matter. Two
Members, MM. HOPPENSTEDT and t ITACHSMULII,
opposed this opinion, and the Chamber at last passed
a vote declaring that " the States were fully con-
vinced that the Government would employ all its
efforts to prevent any attempt on the part of a foreign
power to meddle with the independence of the duchies
of Sleswick and Holstein."

On the 16th the following decree of amnesty was
published by his Holiness Pope Pius IX. It is signed
by the POPE alone, without ail coulter-signature of
a Minister.
"Pius IX. to his faithful subjects; salutation and apostolic
benediction.
"In these days, when our heart is moved to see public joy
manifested at our being raised to the Pontificate, we cannot
retrain from a feeling of grief in thinking that a certain num-
ber of families are unable to participate in the common jov,
because they bear the pain of some offences committed 6y
one of their members against society, against the sacred
rights of the legitimate Prince.
" We now desire to cast a look of compassion on the inex-
perienced youth which has been led away by deceitful hopes,
in the midst of political discord, where it has been rather the
seduced than the seducer. It is for that reason that we
hand,pweiisiltiantoces.tret.Nochm,o,uttbtahteourgood people have shown towards
and offer the peace of the heart
to those misguided children who will evince sincere re-
us their affection, and their constant veneration for the Holy
See, and for our person, we are persuaded that we may par-
don without danger. We, therefore, ordain that the com-
mencement of our Pontificate shall be solemnised by the fol-
lowing act of sovereign grace :
" 1. There is granted to all our subjects who are undergo-
ing punishment fbr political offences a remission of their sen-
tences, provided that they make in writing a sokin:n declara-
tion, on their honour, that they will not in any manner or at
any time abuse this grace, and will for the future fulfil the
duties of good and faithfill subjects.
" 2, Those of our subjects who have fled to foreign coun.

tries in consequence of political crimes, may profit by the
preaent resolutions in making known within the delay of one
year to our Apestolic Nuncios or other representatives of the
iloly See, their desire to profit by this act (.f our clemency.
3. We equally pardon those who, for having .taken part
in any conspiracies against the State, are under political sur-
veillance, or may have been declared incapable of holding
municipal offices.
"4. It is ourelei,ire that all criminal prosecutions for poli-

•
tical offences which. have not yet received definitivejuaginent
hould be instantly put a stop to, and that the prisoners be
set at liberty, unless any of them may demand the con-
tinuation of their trials, in order that their innocence may be
proved.
"5. There shall not be included in the provisions of the
preceding articles the small number of ecclesiastics, of military
officers and unployds of the Government who have been
already condemned, or have fled, or are now under trial for
political offences. With regard to those we reserve our de-
cision until He shall have obtained information as to their
particular position.
6. There are also excluded from the present amnesty
crimes and ordinary offences, which are subject to the juris-
diction of the tribunal.
" We are anxious to feel a confidence that those who will
avail themselves of our clemency will know bow at all times
to respect their duties and their honour. We hope, more-
over, that their minds, softened by our pardon, will lay aside
their civil hatreds, which are always the occasion and the
effect of political passions, iu mider, to draw closer those
bonds of peace by which God desires that all the sons of the
same father shall be united; but if our hope be deceived. it
would be with bitter pain that we should call to mind that if
clemency is the sweetest attribute of sovereignty, justice is
its first duty.
"Given at Rome this 16th day of July, 1816, in the first
year of our Pontificate.
(Signed) " PIUS P P. IX."
A letter from Rome, of the 18th, gives an interest-
, ing account of the effect produced by the publication
of the amnesty. It says :
•

" Nothstanding the exceptions, more than 1,200 per-
sons are liberated by the happy determination of the truly
generous heart of Pius IX. The proclamation of the Holy
Father, and the list of the persons amnestied, was posted up
yesterday eveninc, at seven o'clock. Half an hour afterwards
the people crowdedb to the Quirinal, shouting Vira it Papa!
Viva rio nono! Viva it nostro bade Papa? From half-
past seven to half-past nine, the crowd continued to increase
at the Quirinal and on the square of Monte Cavallo, and the
Holy Father appeared, in conformity wish the wish of the
people, three times at the Grand Balcony, from which he gave
each time his benediction, amidst the loudest and most en-
thusiastic acclamations. At about ten o'clock an orchestra
was celebrating the Igte of St. Camilla' in the church of the
Madeleine. The crowd went there, and requested the musi-

cians to leave the church and go to the Quirinal to perform
in testimony of the joy of the people. At eleven o'clock the
square of Monte Cava lo and the environs of the Quirinal
were still filled with a compact crowd, whose acclamations'
were incessant. The repeated cries of Viva Pap aono induced
the Pope to appear a fourth time in the balcony, notwith-
standing the lateness of the hour. The night was very dark,
but torches were burning in the balcony, and the populacehad
also lighted an immense number, so that every facewas visible,
and the effect was pleasing in a high degree. The musicians
and a portion of the crowd remained' under the windows
of the Quirinal until after midnight: There were no guards
out, and yet not the slightest breach of order occured. The
city will be illuminated for several evenings in honour of this
great event. It is reported that the Pope will in a very few
days announce his decision as to the choice of a Secretary o:
State. The prevailing opinion is that Cardinal Gizzi will be
appointed to this important post, but many persons imagine
that the Pope, notwithstanding his wish to appoint Cardinal
Gizzi, will be compelled to yield to the influence of high per-
sonages, who are opposed to such a course. As to Cardinal
Lambruschini, it is said that he has lost all chance of being
made Secretary of State." -

The ratification of the commercial treaty between
Russia and the Porte has been received at Constanti-
nople. REDSCHID PACHA on this occassion received
the decoration of the order of the White Eagle in
brilliants.

Intelligence has been received from Lisbon of the
20th instant. The Miguelite movement in the north
has been completely suppressed. The Septembrist
movement has, however, acquired increased force,
and Signor LOUREIRO, the Minister at War, whose
neglect of the claims of the officers who took part in
the movement at Almeida, in 843, has been forced to
resign his portfolio to Viscount SA DA BANDEIRA.
The following is the composition of the new
Ministry :—Duke DF PALMELLA, President and
Minister of the kingdom ; Viscount SA DA Bari-
DEIRA, War; Count DE LEVRADIO remains in the
Foreign Affairs ; Senor AGUIAR, Justice; JULIO
GOMES, Finance; Mousinno, Marine.

Madrid Papers of the 20th have arrived. The
Herald() continues to advocate the claims of Don
FRANCISCO D'Assis to the hand of his cousin, the
QUEEN.

General Pam has been appointed Captain-General
of Galicia, in the room of General VILLA LONGA re-
signed.
MADRID BOURSE, JULY 20.—The Three per Cents,
are reported to be 341, buyers ; Five per Cents., 21i
ditto ; and Passive Debt, 6i.

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.
General LAMORICIERE has announced himself as a
candidate for the first arrondissement of Paris, in oppo-
sition to M. CASIMIR PERIER, and although M. OpfLoN
BARROT comes forward as the General's political god-
father, yet the Liberals seem by no means satisfied
with his professions of faith ; and, accordingly, the
L'ourrier Francais attacks him for not being suffi-
ciently explicit, while, on the other hand, the Journal
des Debats, the organ of the Ministry, attacks him
fur not at once, if he is an Opposition candidate,
avowing himself to be such, instead of contenting
himself with declaring that he shall enter the
Chamber as a " perfectly independent man."
The Moniteur Parisieu announces the arrival of
Marshal BUGEAUD at Cette, from Algiers, and adds
that he will return to Africa after the elections.

The society of libre ichangistes of Bordeaux held
its second meeting on the 21st. The Mayor of Bor-
deaux, who is the president of the society, gave an
account to the meeting of the impressions that he had
received in his recent visit to England, and called
upon such of the members of the society as are
electors to give their votes only to the advocates of
free trade.

M. FOUCHER has.been appointed Director -General
of Civil Affairs in Algeria.
M. MASSIEN, the friend and successor of the Abbe
SICARD, the inventor of the system of instructing the
deaf and dumb, died at Lille on the 21st. He was
75 years of age.

PARIS Bouasz, JULY 25..,--The market continues ex-
ceedingly firm, and both Railway Shares and the French
Funds have advanced. The Three per Cents. closed at 83f.
30c., and were done in the Coulisse, at 4 o'clock, at 83f. 321 c,.
demanded. Havre Shares were again in great request, par-
ticularly towards the close. Spanish Threes were also
sought after during the day. Definitive Shares are better
—those of Lyons to Avignon being done at 251. below par,
and those of Bordeaux to Cette at 405. below par. Notice was
posted up to-day at the Bourse that no business would be
transacted on Wednesday, the 29th, in consequence of its
,
being the grand holiday of the three days of Jnly. or the
Account, the French Three per Cents. and Five per Cents.
have risen sc. Loan not quoted. For Money, the Three
per Cents. have risen 5f.; Five per Cents. have fallen 10c.;
Loan not quoted. Bank of France Shares have fallen 5f.;
Uouin Bank I,ooof. Shares have risen 5f.; Ganneron
Bank Shares are unchanged ; Belgian Bank Shares
not quoted. Spanish Three per Cents, have risen
; Roman is unaltered ; • Rutschild'e Receipts are
quoted at 1001. 50c. ; Neapolitan Bonds and
Portuguese Five per Centa. not quoted. Exchange on Lon-
don (thirty days) 25f. 67ic. ; ditto (ninety days) 251. 50c.
Railway Shares for the Account, settlirg ofAugust 2 : Rouen
to Havre have risen 12f. 50c.; Fampoux, lot:; Orleans to
Bordeaux, 7f. 50c. ; Lyons, Nantes, Northern, Orleans to
Vierzon, Paris to Orleans, Rouen, and Avignon to Marseilles,
sf. each ; Paris to Strasburg, 2f. 50c. For zioney, Fampoux
have risen 101. ; Rouen and Avignon to Marseilles, 7f. 50c.
each; Lyons, Orleans to Bordeaux, and Versailles (Right
Bank), sf. each; Northern, 3f. 7.5 c.; Paris and Orleans,
Paris and Strasburg, and Nantes, 2f. 50e. each; Dieppe,
Orleans to Vierzon, and Strasburg to Bale, are unchanged.
BUSINESS LONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE