The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-23 00:00:00

tioll :-

It is now manifi st that Lord Palmerston, when he
saw that it was too late to prevent the marriage of the
Infanta, took his stand upon the renunciations which he
hopes to ()lapin from the French Prince and his bride of
their own claim and those of their children's children to
the throne. We must wait to see what the result of this
political blow will Le, for it is certainly open to no little
hesitation and objection. In the first place, an act of re-
nunciation is required from the Duke do Montpensier of
rights to which he does not even lay claim, which he
neither possesses nor ever can possess; and, secondly, in
so far as the Infanta and her children are concerned, a re-
nunciation of a right to the throne on her part would be
nothing less than an alteration of the lineal succession to
the Spanish crown, as it has-been confirmed in that king-
dom by the Cortes, and by the events of recent date. If
Queen Isabella IL dies without issue, it is clear chat the
Infanta Donna Luisa Fernanda, and her posterity, are the
sole representatives of that branch of the royal house o'
Sp :in which the Act of Ferdinand VII., the acquiescence
of the nation, and the co operation of England and France,
have placed on the throne ; if, however, in the teeth of
those facts, Visc,unt Palmerston insists upon excluding
that Princess and her posterity from the succession to
the throne, it is no less clear that England throws the
weight of her influence into the scale in favour of the
Carlist party. The Count de Montemolin then becomes
in the eyes of England the heir presumptive to the
throne of Spain.

" Such plans as these hardly belong to the department
of a Foreign Secretary of State ; no such renunciation
of the throne is worth the papc,r on which it is written ;
for if the Spanish nation thinks proper to call the
Infanta and her children to the throne instead of the
posterity of Don Carlos (Charles V.), England
is, at all events, bound by the whole course of
tier Spanish policy to acquiesce in the choice of the
country. It is more then probable, however, that this
proposed renunciation will be treated with ridicule, both
in Madrid and in Paris, and, if ever the contingency
against which Lord Palmerston seeks to take precau-
tionary measures should unhappily occur, and Queen
Isabella should die childless, the utmost that can be said
is this, that England, resting upon the fundamental
principles of the treaty of Utrecht, may have in prepara-
tion a cases &M. Such views, however, lie too remote
to be built upon with certainty. A far nearer and greater
probability is, that the French faction in Spain will soon
excite the hatred of the people of Spain against them,
and that a general movement will take place for the pur-
pose of expelling all the members of the Bourbon family
who have taken part in this intrigue.
" No surprise will, therefore, be felt if the views of the
son of Charles V. should assume a wholly different
shape ; and the Court of the Tuileries has rendered no
great service to Queen Isabella by identifying her cause
with French domination in the Peninsula.
" Sooner or later this French dominion will either
have to be supported by a French army, or those who
set it up will be buried beneath its ruins l Here is an
alternative P'

The Diarie of Lisbon, of the 9th and 10th, has
arrived. It contains a great number of appointments
of governors of military posts, in place of tilos°
appointed by the Pahnella Ministry. A telegraphic
dispatch of the 9th announces the arrival at Santarem
of the new commandant of the 10th regiment of
infantry. The dispatch says he was received with
enthusiasm. A report being current that a great
number of the disbanded National Guards had refused
to deliver up their arms, the Diarie asserts that all
the arms, with the exception of a small quantity, have
already been received by the Government. A royal
decree replaces the National Guards in the capital by
three battalions, one of the clerks and others in the
service of the Government, the other two of volun-
teers from the trading classes. The Diarie publishes
the following decree, suspending the constitutional
guarantees :

" Article 1. All individual guarantees are suspended
throughout the kingdom for thirty days. Arrests may
be practised without any previous forms of procedure."
" Article 2. During this period the publication of all
journals and other periodicals is prohibited—with the
exception of literary and scientific publications and the
Diane do Governo."

The Diario also publishes a royal decree dated the
9th, signed by the QUEER and all the Ministers, re-
voking the decrees published by the last Ministry re-
lative to the direct election of Deputies with extraor-
dinary powers, and for the convocation of the Cortes
for the Ist of December.

These decrees do in fact establish in Portugal a
pure, absolute, irresponsible despotism. The QUEEN
is at this moment by virtue of these decrees more
absolute than ever was Don MmuEr„ and this is
what M. GUIZOT calls constitutional Conservatism.

Madrid papers of the 15th have been received.
That day was the anniversary of the execution of
DIEGO LEON, and the fetes were suspended in conse

quence.

It appears certain that ere long there will be some
sort of amnesty published. The Heraldo says it
will include all military men, without exception,
from the rank of colonel downwards, and civilians
of corresponding rank. The Popular adds that many
others of higher rank will be specially pardoned by
name. The Tiempo says that the amnesty will
have no other exceptions than Don CA ftLos
and his family, and General CABRERA. Unless
th 3 personal wishes of the QoERN are over-
ruled by the interference of the French Ambassador,
there can be no doubt but that the amnesty will 1.
an extensive one, since, according to the Espanol, the
-
4uEEN has on mcre than one occasion declared
emphatically that slle will sign no stinted measure,
but will have a comprehensive pardon, or none at all.
Queen CHRISTINA. was hissed on her return from
the bull fight on Tuesday. The young QUEEN was
loudly cheered.
The Cortes were to be dissolved on the 20th, and
the new Cortes convoked for December.
The Due D'AumAxx was to leave Madrid on Mon-

day last, the 19th. The Due DE MONTPENSIER and
his bride will not leave until the 98th.

The Mercantile Association of Madrid have given
a grand dinner to Mr. COBDEN in the Fonda del
Principe. Senor Aniceto Alviro, President of the
Association, presided, and besides Mr. Cobden and
his travelling companions, Mr. Shwabe, of Manchester,
and M. Roux, of Bordeaux, there were invited the
Duke of Sotomayor, the Count of Santa Olalla, and
Senors Luzarriaga, Florez Estrada, Barzanallana,
Teijas, Bellvan de Lis, Calderon Callantes, Moron,
J. M. de Mora, and Senor C. Marrieta, of London.
MADRID BOMA, Ocr. 15.—The Three per Cents., 35,
buyers; the Four per Cents., 21%; Five per Cents., 22,
buyers, with the Coupon. Passive Debt, 63/4, sellers;
Coepons, 20%. Exchange on London, 36%.

We have received the Paris papers of Tuesday. It
is evident that France is meditating an armed inter-
vention in the affairs of Switzerland. The Debats
says—
" Although we have not, thank Heaven, any new dis-
orders to deplore in Switzerland, we cannot dissemble
that the situation of this unfortunate country appears to
become more and more afflicting. A rumour prevailed
yesterday that Basle-country was about to attack with
arms Basle-city, and the intelligence of that event may
soon be expected. In another direction the free corps
are in agitation, and the league of the seven Catholic
cantons is preparing for resistance. At Friburg already
the Council of State has decided to call into the town
three companies of infantry and a company of artillery,
to pass a review throughout the whole canton, of the
landwehr of the first class, and of the landsturm ; to
form a battalion of the landwehr of the second class ;
to augment the battalions of the landwehr of the first
class by voluntary engagements ; and, lastly, to organise
in companies, and to arm with carbines, men forming
part of the landsturm and of the landwehr of the second
class. Thus fears are entertained of seeing repeated in
this canton the scenes which have just ensanguined Ge-
neva. The rabble are numerous there and in arms, and
the example of their neighbours causes a dangerous ex-
citement."

The rabble of Geneva are, if we may judge from
their acts, a much more orderly set of persons than
the respectable ultramontanists of Lucerne. The vic-
tory of General SONNENBERG in Lucerne, by which
the Jesuits obtained an ascendancy, was followed by
wholesale incarcerations, banishments, and confisca-
' tions. The reverend fathers showed no mercy. The
rabble of Geneva, on the contrary, have no in any
single instance prosecuted or persecuted one of
their opponents, and even their enemies are obliged
to admit that Geneva has never been more orderly
or quiet than it is under the Provisional Govern-
ment. If the French Government will cease at-
tempting to force the Jesuits on those cantons
which reject their interference in the education of
the people, Switzerland will be tranquillised at once.
For his own sake we hope M. GUIZOT will not
attempt an armed intervention in support of the
Jesuits. The Chamber compelled him to expel the
Jesuits from France. Is it likely that the Chamber
will approve of his wasting the blood and money of
France in support of Jesuitism in Switzerland? So
intense is the hatred borne to the Jesuits by the
French people (arid just cause the French people have
for their hatred), that we believe, even in the present
Chambers, M. GuizoT would not be able to muster a
majority to support him in an attempt to force the
Jesuits vi et armis upon the people of Switzerland.
The recent coup d'etat in Portugal is commented on
at great length in all these papers. The National, in
the language of honest indignation, thus comments
on the more than Yankee smartness exhibited by the
Camarilla in bringing about the recent change :
"If all these wretched tricks had been employed to
overturn not a ministry, but a revolution, to deceive by
aid of the army, seduoed and led astray, the manifest
wish of the country, to cover a whole city with soldiers,
to surprise it by an Act placing it in a state of siege and
by the proclamation of the dictator, supported by
bayonets—if all that had passed in a country, calico
constitutinal, by the caprice of a Queen and by the aid
of foreign Fold, what suitable name could be found to
qualify such infamy? Such is, however, an abridged
account o: the last exploit of Donna Maria. She placed
herself at the head of a veritable conspiracy against
her own Ministers. Her right permitted her to change
them, but openly, in full daylight, and according to the
formalities which the law requires. She lays a snare
fur them, draws them to the Palace as into a trap, and
calls on the General in command of the division of Lis-
bon to write the necessary orders for all the troops of the
garrison to be drawn up by daybreak in the open space
in front of the Palace. When she had obtained what
she desired, she itnorisons the Ministers and the General,
then destroys the *National Guard, suspends the consti-
tution, and arrogates to herself absolute despotism ! She
do.,s not even giTe herself time to wait for her new
satellite, Saldanha, to change the commanders of the
'different corps ; she had beforehand replaced them
ull, unknown to her Ministers ; she had signed
commissions for the old officers brought back
by Cabral ; she had renewed, on her own irre-
sponsible authority all the civil and military posts ; and,
that being done, she had sent her agents to arrest
at the same time the persons who had not been
inveigled to the palace. We cannot say what will be the
denouement of this drama, but we were anxious to enu-
merate the facts, in order that the opinion of Europe
may judge them beforehand. And if, as we hope, this
audacious insult to a whole nation be followed by a
marked and exemplary chastisement, what political
party will there then be that will dare to find too severe
the act of justice that shall ensue ? Nations can:see
every where at present at what sport monarchs amuse
themselves what importance they attach to their
liberty—what respect they profess for their manifesta-
tions I Where force is wanting, corruption steps in ;
where war dares not be openly declared, all kinds of
stratagems, falsehoods, and perfidies are had recourse to.
It is supposed, perhaps, that by such means insurrections
may be discouraged ; but, on the contrary, this is the
way to prepare them, to render them inevitable, and to
unteach victorious nations that moderation which
they made use of the morning after victory I This
lesson will one day cost dear to those who gave it, and
then it will be too late to repent of what is done."
The Constitutionncl thus analyses the old and the
new Portuguese Ministry :
" The names of the men who formed the late Ministry
were so many guarantees both for liberty and the throne
of the Queewho n. The Duke de Palmella, a tried Mode•workatsutrhpeassteadsk by
yf
the M.
Costa Cabral as
Absolutists as M.
rado,anxio anxious
sit
work
Gonzales Bravo was at Madrid, naturally found himself
placed at the head of the Liberal reaction opposed to the
first; Viscount Sada Bandiera, the most chivalrous Por•
gu
ansed of the
present day, chief of the honest and per-
severingtados; Count de Labradio, a Liberal, con-
stant if‘v xi thout stain, Minister to Donna Maria during
t u e
the emigration; M. Aujuiar, an old Chartist; and Mo.
rthinehD° Dube I
de
qiu,earimqueeilit m,
aonrde
Isetsrsos than Viscount Sa. da
Bandiera, and with a mind and character suited equally
if in his opinions than
to accord with both. Two worthy acts have above all
others marked this Administration—the re-establish-
ment of the National Guards, which was proposed by the
Duke do Palmella, and the order given by M. Bernard
da Sa to the army not to use terror in influencing the
voters in the elections—a thing never befure heard of in
Portugal or Spain."

After censuring in severe terms the QUEEN'S pro.
clamation it thus proceeds :

" Let us now consider the acts of the new Ministry.
A decree for disbanding the National Guard, and ano-
ther abolishing the constitutional guarantee; despotism
and anarchy ! This is too close an imitation of Spain 1
And who were the men who undertook this duty ?
What were the tools made use of in this task ? Who
were the instruments, not of this counter-revolution—
the word is odious although not wanting in grandeur—
this int-igue ? Marshal Saldanha, the perpetual suc-
cessor of the Duke de Pahnella, at one time all for the
Exaltados, and at another for the Reactionists. A
fine presence, a chivalresque attitude, as it is vulgarly
called ; a body stuffed with bran dressed in a velvet
coat ; such are his political and military qualities. A
y‘.ur% chamberlain, two men scarcely known, and two
Ministers, one of whom is absent and who will probably
not accept, and the other yet to be sought for ; in a
word, the Queen, or rather the King, or much rather the
German mentor. Of Portugal, of her interests, and of
her men, there is scarcely more thought, or question,
than of the constitution. We cannot treat these petty
intrigues with too much severity. The Constitutionnel,
long asM. Costa Cabral did not make an abusive use 0!
power, expressed wishes for his remaining in office.
It has desired that the successors of the Costa Cabral
Ministry, more worthy than it of inspiring confidence,
might for a long time hold the direction of the affairs
of their country. It may now be permitted to deplore
the absolutism of an enlightened Court, making itself the
accomplice and instigator of anarchy."
The Courrier
Francais has a long article recom-
mending France to seek an intimate alliance with
Prussia, rather than with Russia, Austria, or
England.

The French Government is actively employed in
improving the state of its navy, and accumulating
n:ival stores at its different dockyards. Last week
a contract was concluded by the Minister of the
Marine for oak timber for shipbuilding to the
amount of upwards of one million sterling. Contracts
hare also been taken for a large supply
of coals, to
be delivered both in France and in the French
,:olonies. A French company has just concluded a
contract to deliver four thousand tons of coals in
nidagascar, where it is rumoured the French Go-
‘ernment intends to send another expedition, if the
disturbed state of their relations with the other states
of Europe should not prove an obstacle. By the
terms of the different contracts both the coals and the
timber must be carried in French bottoms. From
this it will he seen that our neighbours, though they
profess to be under no alarm for peace,
do not
neglect preparations for war.
PAais BOURSE, Ocr. 20.—The market has been scarcely

so firm to-day; Threes have, however, closed within a shade
of yesterday's prices, but the Fives have slightly receded,
the last price called for the former being 82f. 65c., and of the
latter 117 f. 65c. The market closed as follows :—Three per
Cents. for Cash, 82f. 70c. ; for Account, 82f. 65c.; Five per
Cents. for Cash, 1171. 75c. ; for Account, 117 f. 65c. ; Bank
of France Shares, 3,480 f. ; Neapolitan, 102 f. 10c.; Spanish
Fives, 3514 ; Ditto, Threes, net quoted.
RAILWAYS.—The Share Market has varied but little, but
the change for Cash transaction, where it has occurred, has
been pretty generally against the seller. For Account the
market has been a shade better. For Cash—Paris and
Orleans, 1,250 f.; Paris and Rouen, 932 f. 50c. ; Avignon,
891 f. 25c.; Strasburg and Bale, 225 f. ; Northern, 6911. 25c.;
Bordeaux, 558 f. 75c.; Fampoux, 400 f. ; Paris and Lyons,
520 f. ; Paris and Strasburg, 496 f. 25c.; Nantes, 5011. 50c. ;
Dieppe, 365 f. ; Havre, Vierzon, Boulogne, and Montereau,
not quoted..

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, OcTosax 21.

Boulogne and Amiens, I4%—Demerara, 2%—Direct Bombay and
Madras, 14—Dutch Rhenish, 6 U —East Indian, % —Namur and Liege
3% —Orleans and Bordeaux, 8 %—Paris and Lyons Constituted, I.

THE RIVER PLATE.
LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY,

Important mercantile and Government dispatches
have been received this morning from the River Plate,
by the Ipswich, which left Monte Video on the 27th
of August. The dispatches are said to be from Mr.
Hood.

The following has been handed to us by a mercantile
firm:—"The Ipswich brings dates from Monte Video
to the 27th, and from Buenos Ayres to the 20th of
August. Mr. Hood had arranged everything satisfac-
torily both with the Buenos Ayres Government and
General Oribe ; but the late Ministers, Messrs. Ouseley
and Deffaudis, appeared to be throwing every obstacle
in the way of a final settlement, and consequently there
were same doubts as to an immediate peace."
(FROM A ZIERCANTILE LETTER.)
" MONTE VIDEO, AUQ. 26, 1846.

" Mr. Hood is said to have fulfilled his object here,
and it now rests with the Ministers to carry out his
work, which they do reluctantly.
" The Stephen Wright, laden with guano, had been
wrecked on Flores previously to the 23d of August ;
and the ship George IV. had arrived at Monte Video,
in distress, from Patagonia, and, it was expected,
would be condemned. The Mars would bring her cargo
to England."

OPENING oftheDUTCH CHAMBERS.
THE KING'S SPEECH.
THE 111•GUE, OCT. 19.—The ordinary session of the
Dutch Legislature was opened this day with the usual
solemnity by the King in person, who left the palace at
one P.m. The following is a translation of the King's
speech:—
" Noble and puissant Sirs,—On your resuming the
, important task entrusted by the fundamental law to the
legislative power, I am happy to be able to inform you
anew that our relations with the other Powers ate still
characterised by a good understanding. The negotia-
tions with Russia have happily attained the object held
in view, and the interests of our navigation, which pos-
sesses so much importance with respect to that empire,
are guaranteed in the most satisfactory manner. The
treaty with France for the abolition of the duties on tlee
navigation of the Rhine may be considered as a further
step towards the entire freedom of that important me-
dium of commercial communication. The treaty of
commerce and navigation recently concluded with Bel-
gium has regulated in an equitable manner (op eene
billiyke wyze) the commercial relations of the two
countries, and has, as much as possible, released
them from all restrictions. The difficulties expe-
rienced by our commerce with the United States of
America, on account of the high duties imposed on the
chief of our colonial produce, have been removed in the
most satisfactory way. I continue to pay particular at-
tention to the welfare of our trans-marine possessions.
A portion of their produce has failed, but the prospects
of the new harvest are favourable. Two PI inces of the
island of Bali had insulted our flag, and violated their
treaties with us. The valour of our land and sea forces
has repressed their hardihood, re-established our menaced
power, and secured the interests of navigation and com-
merce. Both portions of our forces continue to merit
my approbation. The project of increasing the national
marine, by the construction of steam ships of war, is
under consideration. The different branches of the in-
ternal administration of affairs are regularly conducted.
A favourab!e prospect is still held out by the state of
education, the sciences, and the fine arts. On the
whole, commerce, navigation, and industry, have been
carried on with activity, but the results obtained have
not been equally favourable for all, on account of cir-
cumstances which have also, in other parts, exercised a
pernicious influence. The recent increase in the
exportation of some articles of the produce of
our soil will, if continued, be of great advantage to
agriculture and commerce. The misfortunes which may
have been occasioned by the bad crops of one of
the principal articles of food have been alleviated
beyond expectations by the providential mildness
of the season, as well as by the measures taken in
common with yourselves, and the praiseworthy efforts
of charitable persons. Now that the crops of that and
other articles of food have been also less abundant this
year than usual, it is necessary to maintain in force,
pro tern., the legislative dispositions fur encouraging
the importation of provisions; and to that object your
attention will be, in the first place, directed. The
successive rise in our rivers, and the high sea-floods
and violent storms caused consider able damage la: t
winter, for which a remedy must be found. The various
measures employed for the re establishment of the
finances of the state have been fully carried out. They
have not only answered the expectations ht•ld out, but
even surpassed them. In the present session, your co-
operation will be required in fixing the budget, and in
voting the ways and means for the next two years, as
well as various measures for the further order and
situplification of the management of the finances '
of the state. The improvement of our coinage has
made remarkable progress, inasmuch as hopes
may be held out that the task will soon be termi-
nated. Other arrangements, however, are still re-
quired to place our monetary system on a solid basis,
I trust that they may be laid before you in the course of
the present session. Projects of law containing the
entire penal code will be also laid before you this ses-
sion. In drawing up those Bills attention has been paid
to the observations which, in the last as well as in the
„preceding session, were made to the Government. As
soon as I shall have approved of the propositions which
will shortly be made to me respecting the internal
government of the country, and the execution of the
sixth article of the fundamental law, the projects of law
concerning them shall be laid before you. Without
having enumerated to you the other projects of law
which will be submitted to your examination, you will
already see that this session will be marked by im-
portant works.
" Noble and puissant Sirs, we ought all to have only
one object before our eyes—viz., the true welfare of our
fatherland. In order to attain that object, we shall, as-
suredly, have need of all our united efforts ; and we
must not allow ourselves to be turned away from it by
any consideration. May the Almighty support oar
efforts, and, through the fruits of our labours, shed his
blessings over the Netherlands."