The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-01 00:00:00

SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 1, 184

, r

----
oatmeal, is their food. It is true, there at e- small trouts,
or something like them, in some of the little , rivers, which
continue in holes among the rocks,which ar. a always full of
water when the stream has quite ceased fo r want of rain;
these might be a help to them in this stf Arvifig season ;
but I have had so little notion in all my i
Journeys that
they made those fish a part of their die 4 that I never
I once thought of them as such till this )
pr open tackle,
bet neat. It is
likely they cannot catch them for want 01 :
'
but lam sure they cannot be without tb.em, for want of
leisure. What may seem strange is, ',nut .l Bey do not
introduce roots among them (as po,"catoes, ll or the pur-
pose) ; but the land they occupy is so ver y little, they
think they cannot spare any pact of it fr, 0 1 their corn,
and the landlord's demand of rent, in kind is another ob-
jection. You will perceive. lam speakii ig only of the
poor people in the interif,r parts of the r sountains ; for
near the coast, all ?,round them, there are few confined to
such diminuti'e farms, and the most net :essitous of all
may share, upon occasion, the benefit of N ssrious kinds of
shed-fish, only for seeking and fetching.
" Their cattle are much weakened by v.rant of suffie.ient
food in the preceding winter, and this imam oderate I-;ieed.,
ing reduces them to so lower plight that in. the r.„,uning
they cannot rise from the ground, and scrve,ral of the
inhabitants join together to help up "Ach other's
cows, &c.
" In summer the people remove to the
hills, and dwell
in much worse huts than those they le'
ave below ; these
are near the spots of grazing, ar,d r..re called shealingq,
scattered from one another as oc ,erasion requires. Every
one has his particular space of pasture, for which, if it
be not a part of his farm, he ~,,,,,ys.
" When the grazing fail',
~ the Highlanders return to
their former habitations, farW the cattle to pick up their
sustenatvle among thP, I..aath as before. At other times
the chTildren sharp the milk with the calves, lambs, and
kid's; for the';',- milk the dams of them all, which keeps
t'neir raurg so lean that when sold in the low-country
t they are chiefly used, as they tell me, to make soups
withal; and when a side of one of these kinds hangs up
in our market of Inverness the least disagreeable sight
is the trasparency of the ribs.
"About the latter end of August, or the beginning of
September, the cattle are brought into good order by
their summer feed, and the beef is extremely sweet and
succulent, which, I suppose, is owing, in good part, to
their being reduced to such poverty in the spring, and
made up again with new flesh. Now, the drovers col-
lect their herds, and drive them to fairs and markets on
the borders of the Lowlands, and sometimes to the
north of England ; and in their passage they pay a cer-
tain tribute, proportionable to the number of cattle, to
the owner of the territory they pass through, which is in
lieu of all reckoning for grazing.
" But nothing is more deplorable than the state of
these people in time of winter. They are in that season
often confined to their glens by swollen rivers, snow, or
ice in the paths on the sides of the hills, which is accu-
mulated by drippings from the springs above, and so by
little and little, formed into knobs like a stick of sugar
candy, only the parts are not angular like those, but so
uneven and slippery that no foot can pass. They have
no diversions to amuse them, but sit brooding in the
smoke over the fire till their legs and thighs are scorched
to an extraordinary degree, and many have sore eyes,
and some are quite blind. This long continuance in the
smoke makes them almost as black as chimney-
sweepers ; and when the huts are not watertight, which
is often the case, the rain that comes through the roof
and mixes with the sootiness of the inside, where all the
sticks look like charcoal, falls in drops like ink."
There is a touch of the fastidious Englishman—nay,
of the Cockney—in this picture of the horrors of winter.
Much comfort has been enjoyed in a Highland bothy
even in the depth of a snow-fall or the severity of a
black-frost. The little township had its occasional days
of merriment and nights of festivity, when the scattered
groups were collected together from the different huts,
and rejoiced over the simple cheer of the glen, inter-
mixed with song and legend. The painting, however,
in its general features, is too true, and it still holds good
of a large portion of the crofters.
" Still, they tread the same rough way,
The present's still a cloudy day."
The poverty, the smoky huts, the want of cleanliness
and steady industry, and the suffering of the spring
season, in too many instances, yet remain. The intro-
duction of the potato effected no real improvement. It
increased the amount of available food, but being so
easily produced, it discouraged industry, and the popula-
tion multiplying still more rapidly, the general mass was
reduced to that state in which they depended solely on
potatoes for subsistence. The conversion of large tracts
of land into sheep-walks also contracted the demand for
labour and the means of support, so that, although above
sixty thousand persons, of the crofter and cottar classes,
have emigrated from the Highlands since the period of
the American war, thebropulation is still felt to be too
numerous. The remedy is—cultivate the waste lands,
drain, trench, and improve, and thus create both food and
labour. We have already made vast progress in render-
ing the land productive and the hills valuable, but we
have been indifferent as to the condition of the people.
Let the upper classes now bestir themselves, and make
what seems a great calamity in the rural calendar of the
north, a landmark from which we may date a new course
of advancement.

THE COAL AND IRON TRADE OF
AMERICA.
(From The Weekly Liverpool News).
RESOURCES OF PENNSYLVANIA.
Two great elements of a nation's manufacturing great-
ness—coal and iron—are found in the greatest abundance
in the United States. The iron district, which spreads
through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and
Western Virginia,; traverses regions exuberant with
coal, and abounding in water power ; and, travelling
further west, we find in Ohio, Kentucky, and particu-
larly in Missouri, immense stores of metalliferous wealth,
adjacent to the most fertile agricultural districts. It is
to Pennsylvania, however, we -oust chi( fly direct our at-
tention, where two-fifths of all the iron in the United
States is made. The United States contain SO,OOO
square miles of coal, which is about sixteen times as great
as the coal measures of Europe. A single one of these
gigantic masses runs from Pennsylvania to Alabama,
and must embrace, itself, 50,000 square miles. Out of
fifty -tour counties of Pennsylvania, no less than thirty
have coal and iron in them ; and, out of the 46,000
square miles of Pennsylvania, which form its superficies,
there are 10,000 miles of coal and iron ; while all Great
Britain and Ireland have only 2,000—50 that Pennsyl-
vania alone, has an area of coal and iron five times as
great as that of Great Britain. The qualityof the
coal and iron is as rich as that of Great Britain,
and they have the advantage of lying near the water
level ; while those of the latter country are sometimes
more than 1,000 feet below the surface, and are excava-
ted through subterranean passages.
The four mining districts into which the southern coal
field of Pennsylvania is divided, are the Lehigh, the
Schuylkill, the Swatara, and the Susquehanna ; the for-
mer of which is owned by the Lehigh Coal and Naviga-
tion Company. The summit mines, which are situated
on a high ridge, at a place called the Mauch Chunk
Landings, possess remarkable advantages for mining,
which has long been extensively prosecuted here. The
coal bed that is worked at this place is somewhat extra-
ordinary in its character, consisting of a mass, lying in
a horizontal position, about 50 feet thick, and appearing
to be constituted by the junction of numerous veins.
This bed is worked by removing a mass of earth and
loose stones, to the depth of about 20 feet, whun the
surface of the bed appears, and the coal is quarried, not
in subterranean darkness and with a lamp, but by the
light of day. The northern or Wyoming and Lack-
awana coal field is about 60 miles in length, and from
one to six in breadth. Beds of coal, varying from one to
thirty feet thick, which are exposed among the hills by
deep channels and ravines, are worked, almost entirely,
by individual enterprise. It has been estimated that
these three fields of anthracite coal embrace about 975
square miles, and as each cubic yard of coal in the ground
yields a ton when mined, we can hardly estimate the
enormous quantity of this useful product which is em-
bedded in the soil. The actual amount of coal recently
mined may be ascertained from statistical data. It ap-
pears that the coal trade is yet in its infancy, for in 1820
only 365 tons were sent to market ; in 1830, 174,737
tons ; and in 1840, 865,414. The quantity produced
from each of the mining districts during each year now
exceeds 1,000,000 tons, more than 800,000 of which are
conveyed to other states.
Another of the most prominent enterprises of Penn-
sylvania is the mining and manufacture of iron. It is,
doubtless, well known that this is the great iron State
of the Union, and its soil yields that most valuable me-
tallic product in abundance. The iron ores which are
scattered over its surface are various in quality. For
example, the magnectic oxide of iron found in the south
mountain between the Delaware and Susquehanna,
yields from 60 to 70 per cent. metallic iron, while brown
and yellowish argillaceous, or hermatite and pipe ores,
which are extensively worked along the borders of most
of the limestone valleys, contain from 45 to 60 per cent.
The fossilliferous orelthat is excavated near Danville, in
the county of Columbia, and in other places in the Union,
Juniate, Huntington, Bedford, and other parts of the
State, contains from 40 to 60 per cent. of metallic iron.
The iron ores are alse most extensively found in the
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excavated in almost every county of the state, and its
best species are found to yield from 40 to 50 per cent.
of metallic iron.

The great abundance of iron and coal, which are scat-
tered throughout the soil of Pennsylvania, has naturally
induced the construction of numerous iron works ; for,
as before remarked, iron is one of the great staples of the
state. Almost every county in the state pos:3esses its
furnaces, forges, foundries, and smitheries, where iron is
wrought from a crude state irate bars and pigs, and
moulded into steam-engines, as well as the numerous
smaller sorts of manufactured implements, such as
scythes, nails, cutlery, and the various kinds of utensils
of husbandry. It has, indeed, been estimated that the
value of iron produced throughout the state, and the ad-
ditional value given to it by its manufacture, amounts to
nearly 822,000,000 dollars annually, and that there is i
consumed in this manufacture during each year about
188,000 tons of anthracite and bituminous coal. It has
also been estimated, from authentic sources, that there
are employed in the various branches of the manufacture
of iron throughout the state 20,000 to 30,000 workmen,
and that a population of 120,000 to 130,000 persons are
here depending for their support upon the different de-
partments of the iron business. A considerable portion
of the iron that is used by the cupola furnaces of Phila-
delphia, besides that which is produced by the state, is
the iron of New Jersey and other states, while the roll-
ing mills of Pittsburgh work large quantities of blooms
from Ohio, Kentucky, and Virginia. It has been esti-
mated that the average amount of iron yielded by ore in
the furnace is about 37 1-2 per cent., which Koduces prte

ton of metal to two and two-thirds of a ton of ore. To
yield 190,000 tons of iron, which is the estimated annual
product of the state, requires 506,666 tons of iron ore.
The largest amount of iron produced is in the counties
of Northampton, Lehigh, Berks, Lancaster, York, Cum-
berland, Franklin, Bedford, Huntingdon, Centre, Co-
lumbia, Armstrong, Clarion, and Venango, although,
in other counties, a considerable quantity of this metal
is yielded from furnace and forges. There are air and
cupola furnaces, rolling mills, steam engine factories,
nail factories, scythe and sickle factories, axe and edge-
tool factories, cutlery factories, factories for shovels,
spades, and forks; gun factories, car, carriage, and wag-
gon factories, plough factories, and sheet iron factories.
According to the census taken in 1840, Pennsylvania
had 213 furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron and
castings, which produced 100,000 tons; 169 forges,
bloomeries, and rolling mills, which annually manufac-
tured 87,254 tons of bar, rod, sheet, and boiler iron,
and nail plates. The capital invested in iron works is
about eight millions, employing 12,000 persons, who,
with their families, would number about 100,000. It
will thus be seen that Pennsylvania possesses withi❑
itself a fund of mineral wealth nearly as great as that of
the whole of Europe: which time, capital and enterprise
will in all probability speedily develope. But mining
operations are not confined to the state of Pennsylvania
alone. Last year there were 13,000 tons of bar iron
made in the state of New York,'' chiefly in Essex and
Clinton counties. Near Baltimore city, 20 furnaces aro
in operation, giving 20,000 tons per annum; and so
great has been the impetus given to the iron trade, that
in every direction new furnaces are being constructed.
In the vicinity of Danville 40,000 or 50,000 tons of coal
have illumined the hearths of the furnaces in that region
last year. The Montour Iron Company have three of
the largest furnaces in the country, the product of which
is about 4,000 tons, each, per annum.
In Massachusetts, manufactures in iron are carried on
to a considerable extent, as will be seen from the follow-
ing abstract of a statistical statement prepared for the
Legislature, showing the manufacturing position of the
State in 1845 :

Val. in &Is. Cap. invstd. Hands.
538,966 377,685 422
94,441 48,225 94
331,890 167,600 145
. 102,550 49,350 93

Articles.
Anchors, chain cables, &c
Axes* and other edge tools
Brass articles

Britannia ware

Buttons, metal
Butts or hinges
Cannon

56,080 51,500 60
25,390 3,500 49
82,000 120,000 48

Coal, mineral, and iron ore. 21,669 ...... 71
Cutlery
Engines and boilers, steam 208,546 127,000 221
Fire arms

Hollow ware and castings,
other than pig iron
Iron, pig

Iron railing, fences and safes. 129,300 53,000 87
Jewellery, including watches
&c.
Latches and door handles
Locks .

305,623 126,225 293
3,200 750 10
60,070 23,600 75

2,022,648 1,103,850 2,421
15,000 5,000 12

Machinery ...
Pens, steel
Ploughs and agricultural
tools
Rolled and slit iron & nails 2,738,300 1,906,400 1,729
Scythes
Shovels, spades, &c. 275,212 123,950 259
Tacks and brads
Tin ware 793,624 343,710 719

It will thus be apparent that the spirit of commercial
and manufacturing enterprise is not alone confined to
one locality. In other manufactures, such as lamps,
stoves, balances, umbrellas, &c., the State of Massachu-
setts is making rapid advances. Hats and caps give
work to more than 1,000 persons ; boots and shoes to
45,877 ; and many of the other branches of industry,
common to all countries, in similar proportions. Glass
also forms a prominent feature in their manufactures,
the capital invested in this branch alone, in this State,
being upwards of 700,200 dollars, employing nearly 700
hands. It may be interesting to mention here that in
the United States there are 19 glass manufactories, hav-
ing a capital of 2,000,000 dollars, and giving employ-
ment to several thousand workpeople.
In Virginia, valuable mines of coal and iron are found,

many of which are regularly worked. The coal fields
stretch over an extent of land, with short intervals, for
more than thirty-five miles, and in some places the seam
is upwards of forty feet in thickness. In Spottsylvania,
in this state, there are seven iron mines in full operation,
with the necessary furnaces, &c., and others are being
erected to develope more fully the mineral treasures
which lie near the surface, and are easily attainable, al-
though generally at some distance from the coal.
There are many of the districts in the United States
teeming with mineral productions, which the enterprise
of the capitalist has not yet reached, but which could be
readily made available. These, therefore, possess but a
minor degree of interest, although ultimately, when that
system of internal communication by railroad and canal,
which is at the present moment being carried out by the
Government, as well as by individual exertion, shall be
perfected, these districts will form no insignificant rivals
to their older but not more fertile competitors in the
more favoured States.
From all the information we can obtain, we believe
the following to be nearly a correct statement of the
whole product of the United States :-540 blast furnaces,
yielding 486,000 tons pig iron ; 954 bloomeries, forges,
rolling and slitting mills, &c., yielding 291,600 tons
bar, hoop, and sheet, boiler, and other wrought iron ;
'30,000 tons blooms, and 121,500 tons castings, such as
machinery and stove plates, hollow wares, &c. The
consumption of iron in nearly a crude state, including
that imported, which on an average of five year, is about
100,000 tons, approximate to 42,000,000 dollars per
annum—an immense quantity, when it is remembered
that the Continental manufacturers, including those of
France, Russia, and Sweden, produce no more than
700,006 tens per an: am.

The extensive demand for iron both in Europe and in
this country, nut only for railroads and ships, but an innu-
merable variety of purposes, has stimulated the inventive
genius of some American, and the result is as important as it
is gratifying. Experiments have been made by 111 r. W. C.
Green, of New Jersey, at the Boston Iron-works of Sherman
and Attrater, of the City of New York, whose extensive iron
foundries are in New Jersey. ➢lr. Green's improvement is in
the process of puddling the iron from the pig to the bar. In-
stead of using the pig iron, which costs about 35 dollars per
ton, he is enabled to use a large portion of the ore, which
costs but 2 dollars 50 cents. per ton, by which he effects, in
labour and material, a saving of more than 33 per cent., and he
gives a far better quality of iron than that which is obtained
from the pig ; as much better in appearance as China is better
than earthenware. We have seen and compared, says the Ex-
press, the new specimen with iron made in the old way, and
hare marked the contrast as very great. Mr. Green's secret
consists chiefly in mixing a composition with his ore and white
in a molten state, by which the carbon is more rapidly ex-
hausted than it is under the old process, and the iron is thus,
in half the time, left tougher and finer.
There is an axe factory at Collinsville, near Hartford,
Connecticut, in which 45 men turn out 800 axes every day.
The axes sell for 13 dollars per dozen upon an average. The
demand for them is almost illimitable. They labour in seven
shops. The sixth shop is sacred—" no admittance" is writtm
upon the door posts. The reason for this is, that a new pro-
cess for tempering the axes has been discovered—a process
by which a hundred can be tempered at once ; and that, too,
after they have been ground. It is certainly a most important
discovery.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, Nov. 28.
THE QUEEN V. LONG.

In this case a mandamus had been obtained calling
upon the defendant, one of the magistrates of Maryle-
bone Police•court, to issue a distress warrant on
the property of a person lamed Bird, who is the
owner of several houses in Southampton-terrace,
Kentish Town, at the instance of the Kentish
Town Paving Commissioners, for paving-rates of the
amount of 3/. 9s. 10d. The defendant, in his return to
the writ, stated that Bird denied the right of the
Commissioners to levy the rate, and therefore the
question now came before the Court for trial
on the issue. One of the houses, No. 15,
projected some feet from the others, and of course pre-
vented the carrying of a pavement on a line with the
other fourteen houses, which were railed in, the outline
of the rails being on a level with the projecting house.
A public footway had existed along the road for many
years, which had been repaired from time to time by those
who had occasion to use it. Shortly after the Commis-
sioners obtained their Act they laid a pavement along
the road, and immediately outside the railings. Bird
denied their right to sue him, on the ground that
the pavement was a portion of the carriage-way. The
right of the Commissioners to levry rates for pavements
constructed in accordance with their Act was clearly
made out, as also was the existence of a footway; but
there was a great difference of opinion as to its exact
position, some saying that it was in the position where
the pavement was laid, and others that Bird had enclosed
it. The question for the jury to decide was, whether there
was a foot-way, and if there was, whether it was distinct
from the carriage-way, or merely a segregation from it
—the Learned Judge telling them that, in the one case
they should find for the plaintiff, and in the other for the
defendant.

The jury considered that there was a footway, and
accordingly found for the plaintiff.

EXCHEQUER CHAMBER, Nod. 30.
(THIS DAY.)
BREACH OF PRIVILEGE-HOWARD V. GOSSETT.
The judgment in the Court of Queen's Bench, given
for the plaintiff, some time since, came before their
Lordships on a writ of error.

Mr. PETERSDORFF was heard on behalf of the plaintiff.
his arguments were not brought to a conclusion at the
rising of the Court, having occupied the attention of the
Court during the whole of the day.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, Nov. 28.
CUSTOMS' FRAUDS.-ATTORNEY-GENERAL V. SCRINES.

This was an information filed by the Attorney-Gene-
ral against the defendant, an officer in the Customs, for
having participated and connived at the perpetration of
a fraud on the Customs, by the falsification of a delivery
order.

The Attorney General, the Solicitor General, Mr,
Watson, and Mr. Wilde appeared for the Crown; Mr,
Wordsworth for the defendant.

The evidence brought forward in support of the case
fcr the Crown related chiefly to the practice of passing
goods upon entry, which had been pursued in the pre-
sent case. As concerned the warrant itself, it apre trod
that a large quantity of pepper had been imported by a
merchant of the name of Fennell, and that, on the 31st
of July, 1845, a warrant and two duplicates were sent
through the departments of the long-room of the
Custom-house in the usual manner, and that in pass-
ing through the various stages between the warrant and
the delivery, in which the defendant had been employed,
his duties lay in the transaction of business between
these stages. The witness set forth that 761 pounds of
pepper, upon which the duty payable was at the rate of
6d. per pound, and was computed at 191. I9s. 6d., which
sum was paid by the importer. The delivery order pre-
sented at the docks, however, contained an order for the
liberation, not of 761 pounds of pepper, but of 3,761, and
purported that an amount of duty had been paid, not in
the sum of 191. 19s. 6d., but of 791. 19s. 6d. If the
quantity of pepper had been correct, even then the
duty would have come to as much as 981. 'l4s. 6d.
In the register-book of the Customs' offices an alteration
had been made in one of the entries relating to the Juan •
tity of pepper, the subject of the present information.
The numbers upon the dock warrant and delivery order,
which should correspond to the same number in the
ledgers of the office, instead of doing so, had refer-
ence to another vessel altogether, from Algoa Bay,
the cargo of which, instead of being pepper, was goat-
skins.

Mr. WonDawormr, on the part of the defendant, con-
tended that there was no evidence to fix his client. It
was quite true that some fraud had been committed, but
it was quite another question to say that the defendant
had been guilty of those frauds. The period at which
the fraud was committed was an unusually busy period,
in consequence of a resolution of the House of Commons
during the passage of the New Tariff Bills to admit
coffee and other articles at the reduced rate of
duty contemplated by the Act, and the deli-
very order might have been filled up by a mere error,
in consequence of the press of business; then this order
was countersigned by the defendant, but his name was
nearly, if not the last which was affixed to the document.
The defendant, therefore, had not been proved to be the
person who committed the fraud, and it was the duty of
the Crown to have brought forward some evidence rela-
tive to the earlier history of the transaction. Mr.
Fennell, the owner of the pepper, should have been
called, and some other officers who had been
dismissed lately for misconduct. The Crown had failed
to make out the case, for the issue to be made out was
' clearly whether or not the defendant had committed the
fraud in:question. In conclusion, he stated that, although
the name of the defendant had been mixed up with
former prosecutions, and he had been suspended from his
uflice, still that fact should not bo allowed to operate
against him in the present case.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL replied at some length.

The LORD CHIEF BARON summed up, and the jury
returned a verdict for the Crown—Damages, 202/.lBs.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, Nov. 28.
I...WEE:HIED V. 110LROYD.-GAMING DEBTS.

This was an action brought by Mr. Fadeuihle, a wine
merchant, doing business in the City, against Mr. Hot-
royd, a cloth worker, of Leeds, the indorser' of a notc.,,
accepted by Mr. Hanks, of London, formerly a grocer,
but now a bankrupt. The defendant pleaded that the
bill was given without legal consideration, having been
passed to plaintiff for a gaining debt contracted on the
last Derby- day.
Mr Sergeant Wilkins and James appeared for the
plaintiff ; Mr. Sergeant Byles and Mr. Matthews for the
defence.

The promissory note was drawn by the defend-
ant, and endorsed to Mr. Hanks. It appeared that,
on the last Derby day, . Mr. Fadeuihle had a party at
his house who had been with him at the races, composed
of Mr. Hanks and two gentlemen from Yorkshire, and,
after dinner, they proceeded to play at whist. In the
course of the evening Hanks lost 281. to the plaintiff, for
which he gave an I 0 U, on the understanding that it
should be given up when the money was paid. Subse-
quently the bill in question was endorsed by
Flanks, and paid to the plaintiff, receiving the
balance, in cash, which, it appeared, was also lost in
gaming. llanks about this time became a bankrupt,
and hence the
present. action. At the time the bill was
given to the plaintiff it was alleged, on behalf of the
latter, that the defendant owed a debt for wine, and that
the bill was given not for the gaming debt, but for that.
This was denied by llanks, who declared positively that
nothingt 1i e i bill was
w"haastegvievren for the gaming debt alone, and had
to do with the wine.
After the examination of a number of witnesses on
both sides, the evidence of which was strongly in favour
of the defence,
The jury returned a verdict for the defendant.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE,
MANSION-HOUSE.
Thomas Johnson, porter to Messrs. Chaplin and Horne,
carriers, was brought before the Lord Mayor, charged
with having stolen a truss of silk of considerable value.
Mr. Riches, managing clerk to Messrs. Chaplin and
Horne at the South-Western Railway Terminus, stated
that the prisoner had been engaged by him in the middle
of June as a delivering porter for the town, and that on
the 24th of November it was the duty of the prisoner to
deliver parcels which came by the railway in different
parts of London. There were 36 parcels altogether to
be delivered by him on that day to various consignees,
and amongst them was a truss addressed to Machin and
Sons, Twisters-alley, Bunhill-row. On his return to
the station he said he had met with a bad job and lost a
truss. Witness said he did not understand such a story,
and desired him to send the boy in who had accompanied
him. Finding that the prisoner did not go quickly, the
witness went out and saw the prisoner talking to the
boy. The witness, upon questioning both, found a great
discrepancy in their statements, and suspecting the pri-
soner, looked to the delivery- book, and found that the
missing truss was a truss of silk worth 125/. Further
inquiry confirmed the suspicion, and the prisoner was
given into custody.
Joseph Webb, porter, residing at No. 7, Little Lent-
street, Borough, stated that on the 24th instant, as he
was going up Blackfriars-road, he saw three parties
whom he knew to be bad characters, and he followed
them to Smithfield and into St. John-street. After he
had watched them for some considerable time, he
observed one of them go through a lane leading into
Charter-house-square. Upcn getting into the square he
saw a green cart with a brown horse in it, and in that
cart were three persons, and the cart was drawn up to
the waggon which the prisoner drove, and witness saw
the prisoner put a small bale into the cart. It was some-
where about five o'clock, and nearly dark, and the three
parties in the cart drove off. Witness came down into
Smithfield, and the driver of the cart whistled to his
horse, and it went off at a handsome pace.
would lnspector
f e
in uriNci Vtohoed rti ff
casee
tillrequested a that h
week.at the Lord Mayor
The pri.soner said he did not know at all how or where
therobeboernyto;s of thekplace,tarnudss.
t
Remanded tit,l Tuesday week.hat he was equally ignorant
of the ten
went into a clothes
It appeared that the prosecutor
purchase, at
FinCnhiasrolefsaC:,atttocnh:,,as charged with having robbed James
twelve o'clock in the. day. The
exchange for the put-pose of making
whipped the watch out of the
an accomplice
pocket and ran, but hand pd the watch . _ _
lust sight ot. 13arney
as lie went along, and it "'us he character of
with skill and effect, although
Aaron, who has ascenclea from t aoner suddenly
table, stopped the thief
a fighting man into that of a Co.
ti,,,ropsertciosutor's waistcoat
uls eatened by some ruf-
fians in the neighbourhood for iva,
for trial. rfering.—Committed

CLERKENWELL.
~,..
nt up on re-
George Wilmot, alias Smith, was brou, - ,iirder Mrs.
'nand, charged with having attempted. to nA -Aber and
Susanna Haines, wife of Mr. James Haines, ylin. when
glazier, of Paradise-row, Liverpool-road, Ishngton,
the Court WAS crowded to excess.

Mrs. Haines was brought to the Court in a cabriolet,
in a very weakly condition.
Mr. Haines, surgeon, who was called upon to attend
her after the murderous attack, now attended and said,
that she was not yet in a fit state to give her evidence,
and it might lead to a dangerous result if she attended
at the sessions to give evidence.
The prisoner stood at the bar, pale and dejected. He
said nothing, and he was remanded until the 14th of De-
cember. He was taken to prison, and Mrs. Haines was
conveyed to her residence.
WESTMINSTER.

Wm. Smyth, 191 V, was charged with the following
gross misconduct:—
Mr. Anthony Maggs, of 28, Yeoman's-row, Brompton,
stated that at about half-past twelve on Saturday, he
was walking along Grove-place, Brompton, when he
was suddenly accosted by defendant, who said, " What
have you got about you?" Complainant was surprised
at the inquiry, and asked what he meant, upon which
the defendant said, " I know you very well; you're one
of the swell mob." Complainant inquired how he dared
to make such an accusation against him, and gave him
his name and address, and also that of his father in the
same neighbourhood, in order that defendant might
satisfy himself of his respectability, at the
same time furnishing him with a pencil that
he might put the address down. As it was
in the middle of tho day, and in a great
thoroughfare, a crowd of persons soon collected, com-
plainant felt very much hurt at the conduct of defendant,
and requested him to satisfy himself by inquiries of
some of those around them who knew him, whether he
was not the person he represented himself to be. De-
fendant, however, did not avail himself of this oppor-
tunity of setting himself right, but upon the entreaty of
the complainant accompanied him to the residence of his
father, at 7, Lloyd's-place. Defendant was introduced
to complainant's parents, when he said, in reply to in-
quiries put by them, that a gentleman in a gig, " whom
he did not know," had pointed complainant out as a
member of the swell mob. Complainant's father recom-
mended him to accompany the constable, and relieve
himself at the station of the aspersion upon his character,
and he accordingly went with defendant to Ebury-street,
Pimlico, where Sergeant Forster, the acting inspector,
said there was nothing to justify complainant's detention,
and discharged him. Complainant was determined not
to let the matter drop in this way, and as the station in
Ebury-street belonged to the B division he requested to
know where he could find the superior officers of the
V division, in order that they might be at once ac-
quainted with defendant's misconduct, and Sergeant
Forster immediately sent a man with him to the
nearest station of the V's, where, for the first time,
the defendant said that the charge against the com-
plainant was for takinc, a purse from a lady. The de-
fendant further observed, at the V station, that Colonel
Rowan was the person who gave the complainant into
his charge. The defendant was then asked whether
he knew Colonel Rowan, and said he did not, but de-
scribed his appearance.
Defendant—l told him at his father's house that he
was not in my custody, and he went to the station of his
own accord.

Complainant—He told me about ten minutes after I
left my father's house, as we were going down Sloane-
street, that I might go ; but I was determined to go to
the station in vindication of myself.
After some further proceedings,
Defendant, in answer to the charge, said that a gentle-
man in a gig pointed Mr. Maggs out to him as a member
of the swell mob, and the gentleman stated himself to be
Colonel Rowan. _ _ _

Mr. BURRELL observed that the case was clearly made
out against defendant, who had conducted himself in a
most unreasonable way. In his opinion, the story about
Colonel Rowan was a mere fiction, defendant having,
from some inexplicable motive, taken the complainant
intt) custody. He should fine defendant 31., and, in
default, commit him for a month.
THAMES.

Edward Lock, alias Laughton, alias Locklee, a man
about 30 years of age, described in the police. sheet as a
theatrical hosier, was charged with breaking out of the
dwelling-house of Messrs. Martin and Co., linendrapers,
Whitechapel-road, and stealing money and securities to
the amount of 310/.
Mr. Pelham stated the case for the prosecution.
On Friday night last Mr. Thomas Martin, one of the
proscutors, deposited gold to the amount of 35/. in his
cash-box, below which he placed securities and I 0 U's
to the amount of 2251. more. The box was placed, as
usual, for security in a desk in the counting-house, a
small room in the shawl department, at the rear of
the premises. On the following morning, at six
o'clock, Mr. Martin's attention was directed to the
state of his shop and the fastenings. The street
door was open, the box of the lock was off, and two
bolts had been drawn back. There were two locks
on the shop door, and both had been removed. On
further search he ascertained that the cashier's desk in
the shop had been forced open, and the slide of the
drawer or till forced away. The counting-house door
was not made fast on Friday night, because the lock was
out of repair. The desk appeared to be all right at the
first glance, but some chips on the floor caused Mr.
Martin to institute a more rigid examination, and he
soon discovered that the bottom of the desk had been
cut away, and the cash-box and its contents removed
through the aperture, without disturbing the lid of the
desk at all. There was a pane of glass taken out of the
window at the back of the counting-house, where the
thief had entered from a lobby, and, after removing the
bottom of the desk and stealing the cash box, he found
no difficulty in retreating by the door into the shop,
in an opposite direction, and left the premises by the
street-door. A ball of v,ax was, inserted between the
door and the door-sill,which caused it to stick fast after it
was slammed to on the exit of the burglar. The police
constable of the beat pushed against the door several
times during the night, while going his rounds, and it
appeared to be fastened in the customary way. The
suspicions against the prisoner were founded upon cir-
cumstantial evidence.

After some further evidence, the prisoner said he was
not in Printing-house-square on Friday night, but this
assertion was negatived by Mr. Tipper, who said the
prisoner did not sleep at home on Friday night. On
searching the boxes of the prisoner the police-constables
found three files and a knife. They also found in his
sister's room a mask and a hammer. A piece of the
wood cut from the desk was produced, and the indenta-
tions upon it corresponded with the size of the hammer
head. None of the cash, bills, &c., had been traced.
The solicitor requested a remand for a week. His re-
quest was acceded to, and the prisoner was remanded till
Monday next.
Charles IVoohnore was charged with committing a
murderous assault on two police-constables, named John
Earl, 13 0, and Hugh M'Kallan, 47 K.
After hearing evidence,
Mr. BRODERIP sentenced the prisoner to one month's
imprisonment for each assault, the last sentence to com-
mence at the expiration of the first.

THE TICKET Sv STEidl.
EXTENSIVE FORGERY.

At the Lewes petty session, on Saturday last, two
labourers, named Howell and Johnstone, were charged
with having obtained a quantity of goods from Mr.
Payne, as outfitter at Lewes, by means of forged railway
tickets. The tickets were forgeries of those issued by
Mr. Ayres, the deputy contractor of the Keymer branch
of the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway.
They were printed on little bits of paper, and were as
follows:—" Deliver to bearer the sum of one shilling
in goods.—Signed F. Ayres. Payable to Benjamin
Flint' only."
It appeared from the evidence for the prosecution that
the prisoners a few days ago went to the shop of the
prosecutor and purchased a variety of articles, consisting
chiefly of wearing apparel, for which they paid in rail-
way tickets. On the following day another attempt was
made to obtain more goods, but the forgeries in the
meantime having been discovered, the prisoners were
apprehended. On being charged by the officer who ap-
prehended them, the prisoners admitted having the
articles, and asserted that they "cashed" the tickets for
a person whom they did not know.
Mr. Ayres, the contractor, stated that the tickets
were forgeries, and that he never employed either of the
prisoners. He said, in reply to the magistrates, that the
name of Benjamin Flint on the ticket was the person
from whom he received the money.
Mr. Woollgar, one of the magistrates, said the bench
were diidedly opposed to the ticket system; they
thought it was bad from beginning to end, and the
sooner it was put a stop to the better.
Ho well, one of the prisoners, said in his defence, that
he had met several men, one of whom said he had been
at work for Ayres, and as he wanted a pair of boots at
Bridge's, where Ayres's tickets would not pass, he wished
to ex change them, and that he (Howell) gave him 20s.
of Wymark's for 225. of Ayres's, and that he also gave
another man 11. for 33 more ls. tickets.
It also appeared in evidence that some hundreds of
pounds of these tickets had been forged, and that several
other persons would _be apprehended shortly.
The prisoners were fully committed for trial.

Foatzicav POTATOES.—The arrivals of potatoes from
abroad during the past week have comprised the follow-
jug :—.The Gyps):from Jersey, brought 45 tons, the
produce of that island; the Ruding, from Oporto, 10
baske is of Portuguese produce; the Johns, from Rouen,
the la rge quantity of 135 tons, the growth of France;
the G
ffe, from Rotterdam, 20 baskets, of Dutch pro-
duce; the Faith, from Rouen, 105 tons, of French pro-
duce; the Charles, from Gravelines, 50 tons, also of
French produce; the Perseverance, from Dunkirk, 14i
tons, the produce of Normandy; the Ocean, from Rot-
terdam, 4 hampers, 6 baskets, and 12 bags, of Dutch
produce; the Rob Roy, from St. Petersburgh, 225 bags,
the production of Russia; the Sir Robert Peel, from
Rotterd tem, 6 bags, of Dutch produce; and the Artemus,
from St. John's, Newfoundland, 10 barrels, the growth
of that 713)ritish province of North America. It will be
observe'& that this list of the principal arrivals during
the past. week comprises supplies from France, Holland,
Russia, Normandy, Portugal, and the Channel island
first mentioned, and from which latter place we have re-
ceived p. arcels of the vegetable on former occasions. Of
them, tl- Lose from France are especially noticeable on
account of their extent, and the individual importation
from Ru tsia on account of its increased extent, and from
Portugal, owing to its partial or entire novelty. With
respect to the arrival from Newfoundland, we are not
aware th at a similar one has before taken place, and,
although trifling in quantity, the importation, on ac-
count of its novelty, would appear to possess a consi-
derable e legree of interest, and to be worthy of particu-
lar ands eparate notice.

TEE 'WEATHER.--LEEDS, Nov. 29.—Last night
we had a. heavy fall of snow, which came very gently,
and covered the ground to the depth of six inches. The
waather, for several days preceding yesterday, was damp
and dull ; 'but a sharp frost set in on Friday night, and
continued until yesterday afternoon, when it gave way,
and was std cceeded by the first fall of MOT( this seasell.

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, NOVEMBER 30.
STOCK Excm..NGE.—The sales are—Caledonian, New, 2/.
6s. 3d.—Great Western, Quarters, 181/2—Ditto, New, WI-
Midland, New, 61A—North Staffordshire, 3% p.—South
Devon, 33.

LIVERPOOL, NOVEMBER 30.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Birkenhead, Lanca-
shire, and Cheshire Junction, 11/ p.—Birmingham and
Oxford Junction, 6% p.—Caledonian, 1% dis.—Ditto, Halves,
4 dis.—Chester and Birkenhead, 513/4 —Ditto, Halves, 253/4
—Ditto, New, 201. Shares, % p.—East Lancashire, New, No.
1,3% p.—Ditto, New, No. 2, 4 p.—Ditto, New, scrip, 13/4
p.— Great Grimsby and Sheffield, Quarters, 3/4 dis.—Hud-
dersfield Canal and Railway, 51%a p.—Leeds and Dewsbury,
123/4 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, par—Ditto, New, 'Ff3 p.—Liver-
pool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junction, 4 dis.—London
and North-Western, 194—Ditto, New, Quarters, 134 p.—
Manchester and Leeds (late Huddersfield and Sheffield),
5 p.—Ditto, Extension, 1 p.—Ditto, Halves (late Liver-
pooljand Bury), 3% p.—Ditto, Extension, 1% p.—Midland,
126—Ditto, 40/. Shares, 8 p.—Ditto, New, 43% p.—Newcastle
and Carlisle, 113%—North Stafordshire, 3% p.—North
Union (B), 151—North-Western, % p.—Shrewsbury and
Hereford, % dis.—Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A), 2
Ditto, 9/. 12s. 3d. Shares (B), p.—Shrewsbury, Wolver-
hampton, and South Staffordshire, % p.—Shropshire Union
Railway and Canal, dis.—Trent Valley, Midland, and
Grand Junction, % p.—West Lancashire, Is. 3d. p.—West
Riding Union,l7% p.—York and Newcastle, 384—Ditto,
Preference, 5% p.—York and North Midland, Preference,
10% p.—Newry and Warrenpoint, 1% p.—Great Luxem-
bourg, 34 dis.
MANCHESTER, NOVEMBER 30.

STOCK EXCHANGE. —The sales are—Birmingham, Lanca-
shire, and Cheshire Junction, 1:1/4 p.—Churnet and Blythe,
dis.—Eastern Counties, York Extension, 134 p.—East
Lancashire, No. 1, New, 4%—Ditto, No. 2 (late Liver-
pool, Ormskirk, kc.), 4 c. p.—Fleetwood, Preston, and West
Riding, 1/ dis.—Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and
Canal, 51/ p.—Leeds and Thirsk, dis.—Ditto, New, %
p.—Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, 1214 p.—Ditto, Ex-
tension (green), 1% p.—Liverpool, Manchester, and New-
castle Junction, t 4 dis.—London, Manchester, and Birming-
ham, 73%—Manchester and Leeds, Halves, 10 p.—Ditto,
Fifths, 5% p.—Ditto, Extension, 04 p.—Manchester and
Southampton, 10s. 6d. dis.—North Stafibrdshire, 414 s c. p.—
North-Western, 34 p.—Oldham Alliance, p.—Sheffield,
Rotherham, and Goole, p.—Shrewsbury and Birmingham
(A), 21,E p.—Shropshire Union, 7-16 dis.—South-Eastern
and Dover, No. 4, 1/2 p.—West Lancashire Coast, 14 dis.—
West Riding Union, ljs p.—Wharfdale (late North-Eastern),
% dis.