The Sun.
London, England, 1848-02-29 00:00:00

In consequence of this official declaration—a de-
claration uttered by the fervid lips of LAMARTINE—
it becomes interesting to glean from his renowned
compositions some notion of his prior opinion as to
the excellence of such a form of government, and
its applicability to France.
Ilis great work—the Histoire des Girondins—has,
without any doubt whatever, been principally instru-
mental in arousing the late glorious and triumphant
Revolution, and in that splendid and most remarkable
production ALPHONSH LAMARTINE has spoken as
follows :

"But, they say with Barnave" (he :remarks, Ilistoire
des Girondins, vii. 8,9), "France is monarchical by its
geography as by its character, and the contest arises
in minds directly between the monarchy and the re-
public. Let us make ourselves understood
" Geography is of no party; Rome and Carthage had
no frontiers; Genoa and Venice had no territories. It
is not the soil which determines the nature of the con-
stitutions of the people; it is time. The geographical
objection of Barnave fell to the ground a year afterwards,
before the prodigies in France in 1792. It proved that
if a republic fails in unity and centralisation, it is un-
able to defend a continental nationality. Waves and
mountains are the frontiers of the weak—men are the
frontiers of a people. Let us, then, have dono with geo-
graphy. It is not geometricians, but statesmen, who
form social constitutions.

" Nations have two great interests which reveal to
them the form they should take, according to the hour
of the national life which they have attained—the in-
stinct of their conservation, and the instinct of their
growth. To act, or be idle, to walk, or sit down, are
two acts wholly different, which compel men to assume
attitudes wholly diverse. It is the same with nations.
The monarchy or the republic correspond exactly
amongst a people to the necessities of these two opposite
conditions of society—repose or action, We here un-
derstand two words; these two words, repose and action,
iu their most absolute acceptation; for there is repose
in republics, as there is action in monarchies. _

" is it a question of preservation, of reproduction, of
development in that kind of slow and insensible growth
which people have like vast vegetables? Is it a question
of keeping in harmony with the European balance of
preserving its laws and manners; of maintaining its tra-
ditions, perpetuating opinions and worship, of guaran-
teeing properties and right conduct, of preventing trou-
bles, agitation, factions? The monarchy is evidently
more proper for this than any other state of society. It
protects in lower classes that security which it desires
for its own elevated condition. It is order in essence
and selfishness: order is its life—tradition its dogma,
the nation is its heritage, religion its ally, aristocracies
are its barrier against the invasions of the people. It
must preserve all this or perish. It is the Government
of prudence, because it is also that of great responsibi-
lity. An empire is the stake of a Monarch—the throno
is everywhere a guarantee of immobility. When we are
placed on high we fear every shake, for we have but to
lose or to fall.

" When then a nation is placed in a sufficing terri-
tory, with settled laws, fixed interests, sacred creeds, its
worship in full force, its social classes graduated, its ad
ministration, organized, it is monarchial in spite of seas,
rivers, or mountains. It abdicates and empowers the
monarchy to foresee, to will, to act for it. It is the
most perfect of Governments for such functions. It calls
itself by the two names of society itself; unity and here-
ditary right.
" If a people, on the contrary, is at one of those epochs
when it is necessary to act with all the intensity of its
strength in order to operate within and without one of
those organic transformations which are as necessary to
people as is a current to waves or explosion to com-
pressed powers—a republic is the obligatory and fated
form of a nation at such a moment.

" For a sudden, irresistible, convulsive action of the
social body, the arm and will of all is needed; the people
become a mob, and rush headlong to danger. It can
alone suffice to its own danger. What other arm but
that of the whole people could stir what it has to stir?—
displace what it has to displace ?—instal what it desires
to found? The Monarch would break his sceptre into
fragments on it. There must be a lever capable of
raising thirty millions of wills—this lever the nation
alone possesses. It is in itself the moving power, the
fulcrum and the lever."
We commend these views of M. Dg LAMARTINE to
the profound consideration of those who are as yet
doubtful of the fitness of Republican Government to
France. They are views expressed in the calmness
of midnight study, and not in the turmoil of civic
insurrection. As coming from the primum mobile of
the Provisional Republic, they are worthy of a very
serious examination, and confirm the justice of the
Ministerial announcement made last evening in the
House of Commons by Lord Jour( RUSSELL, when
the Noble Lord said, "I can assure the House—in-
deed, I should hardly have thought it necessary to
declare it—that we have no intention whatever to
interfere with the form of government which the
French nation may choose for themselves, or in any
way to meddle with the internal affairs of that
country." So long as LAILARTINE has the direction
of affairs in France, so long will the Republic con-
tinuet s e t
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LONDON, BRIGHTON AND SOUTH COAST RAIL-
WAY.—By orders from the Lords of the Admiralty the
large and tine steamers of the Brighton and Continental
Steam Packet Company are now miming between New-
haven and Havre.

The funds are a little more calm to. day. The li
quidation of the Three per Cents. has been fixed a'
731. 85c.

The Paris papers of Sunday arrived this morning.
Tranquillity had been completely restored, and on
Saturday M. LAMARTIKB officially announced a Re-
public.
The American Minister congratulated the new Go-
vernment on the revolution.

The Provisional Government, attended by 100,001)
National Guards, were to proceed on Sunday to the
column of July, in the Place of the Bastile.
The Chambers of Peers and Deputies have ac-
cepted the Republic, which has likewise been accepted
at almost all the large provincial towns. There was
some fighting at Strasburg.
The following proclamations appear in the Moniteur
of Saturday :
" The Provisional Government of the Republic
having been informed that plunderers traverse the
country adjoining the capital, burning or laying
waste private property, destroying railroads on
different points in order to intercept communications,
or attempting to burn the stations, has adopted the
most energetic measures to prevent the recurrence of
such disorders. During the first moments which fol-
lowed our sanguinary and glorious victory, the irri-
tated population attacked the chateaux, or country-
seats formerly inhabited by fallen Royalty—a ven-
geance to be deplored, but which can unfortunately
be conceived under existing circumstances. To-day,
however, the people have vented their anger, and
nobody would presume to justify such attempts
against private property. Our republican population
is innocent of those crimes. Their authors are agents
of disorder, sent forth by parties reduced to despair
by the calmness and grandeur accompanying the
resurrection of the Republic. The Provisional Go-
vernment will perform its duty. Mobilized battalions
are about to march against those hostile bands. The
peaceable citizens shall be protected."

" ABOLITION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS,
" THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
" LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY.

" The Provisional Government, convinced that
greatness of mind is the supreme policy, and that each
revolution effected by the ]'rench people owes to the
world the consecration of an additional philosophical
truth—

" Whereas there is not a more sublime principle
than the inviolability of human life
" Whereas in those memorable days the Provisional
Government has ascertained with pride that not a cry
of vengeance or death escaped the mouth of the
people—
" Declares that, in its opinion, the penalty of death
is abolished for political offences, and that it will
submit that wish to the definitive ratification of the
National Assembly.
" The Provisional Government is so firmly con-
vinced of the truth which it proclaims in the name of
the French people, that if the guilty men who have
shed the blood of France were in the hands of the
people, their degradation would in its eyes be a more
exemplary chastisement than their execution."
" Tim FRENCH REPUBLIC.
" LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY.
" The Minister of Justice, member of the Provisional
Government of the Republic, to M. Faustin lielie,
Director of Criminal Affairs.
" Paris, Feb. 26, 1848.

"Dispatch immediately to the Attorney-Generals
the orders to suspend all capital executions which
were to have taken place in virtue of Sovereign
decrees and the definitive order which authorised
those executions.
" You will present to me the documents relative
thereto, and annex a new report to the reports
already made by your predecessor. It, after ex-
amining them, I can commute the penalty, I will
propose the modification to the Provisional Govern-
ment. As respects the convicts in whose case no
change appears possible, I will suspend all decision
until the day when the National Assembly shall havo
pronounced on the question relative to the penalty of
death, " CREMIE U X.
" TUE FRENCN RErUBLIC.
" LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY.
" To-morrow, Sunday, '27th of February, at two
o'clock, Messrs. Arago, Dupont (de l'Eure), Albert
(an operative), Armand Marrast, Ferdinand Flocon,
Lamartine, Marie, Louis Blanc, Cremieux, Ledru
Rollin, Gamier Pages, Members of the Provisional
Government of the French Republic, will leave the
Hotel de Ville for the Column of July, where they
will inaugurate in the presence of the National Guard
and the people fraternally united, the great era of re-
conquered liberty."
" TER FRENCII REPUBLIC.
"LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY.
" The Mayor of Paris being informed that some
citizens have manifested their intention of destroying
the residences which have belonged to the fallen
royalty, in order to remove the very last vestige of

" About one o'clock in the afternoon, whilst in
conversation with the Colonel of the 21st Regiment
of the Line, who appeared well disposed, and of which
he gave proof in ordering his men to sheath their
bayonets, a young man in plain clothes, who turned
out to be the son of Admiral Duuditi, on
horseback, trotted past us at a quick pace,
crying out that Louis Philippe had abdi-
cated, and requesting that the news might
he circulated. A few instants after, at the
Pont Tournant, we saw approach from the Tuileries
a troop of National Guards on horseback, at a walk-
ing pace, forming the bead of a procession, and by
gestures and cries inviting the citizens to abstain
from every unfavourable demonstration. At this
moment the expression a great misfortune' (line
granule infortnne) was heard, and the King Louis
Philippe, his right arm passed under the left
arm of the Queen, on whom he appeared to lean for
support, was seen to approach from the gate of the
Tuileries, in the midst of the horsemen, and followed
by about thirty persons in different uniforms. The
Queen walked with a firm step, and cast around looks
of assurance and anger intermingled. The King wore a
black coat, with a common round hat, and wore no
orders. The Queen was in full mourning. A re-
port was circulated that they were going to the
Chamber of Deputies to depose the act of abdication.
Cries of Vive la reforme!" Vive la France l' and
even, by two or three persons, Vive le Roi l' were
heard. The procession had scarcely passed the Pont
rourant, and arrived at the pavement surrounding the
obelisk, when the King, the Queen, and the whole
party made a sudden halt, apparently without any
necessity. In a moment they were surrounded
by a crowd on foot and horseback, and so
crowded that they had no longer their freedom of
motion. Louis Philippe appeared alarmed at this sudden
approach. In fact, the spot fatally chosen by an
effect of chance produced a strange feeling. A few
paces off a Bourbon King, an innocent and resigned
victim, would have been happy to have experienced
no other treatment. Louis Philippe turned quickly
round, let go the Queen's arm, took off his hat, raised
it in the air, and cried out something which the noise
prevented my hearing ; in fact the cries and pole-mule
were general. The Queen became alarmed at no
longer feeling the King's arm, and turned round with
extreme haste, saying something which I could
not catch. At this moment I said, Ma-
dame, no craignez rien ; continuez, leg rangs vont
s ouvrir devant vous.' Whether her anxiety gave a
falseinterpretation to ray intention or not I am igno-
rant, but, pushing back my hand, she exclaimed,
Laissez moi I' with a most irritated accent. She
seized hold of the King's arm, and they both turned
their steps towards two black carriages with one
horse each. In the first were two young children
with their faces close to the glass of the vehicle, looking
at the crowd with the utmost curiosity ; the coachman
whipped his horse violently; with so much rapidity
did it take place that the coach appeared rather carried
than driven away ; it passed before me, surrounded by
the Cavalry and National Guards present, and Cuiras-
siers and Dragoons. The second carriage, in which
were two females, followed the other at the same
pace, and the escort, which amounted to about 200
men, set off at a full gallop, taking the water side,
towards St. Cloud. The horse in the coach in
which the King was could not have gone the whole
way, so furiously did he gallop under the repeated
lashes of the coachman, whilst the surrounding crowds
vociferated that they were taking flight. At this
moment I was accosted by M. Cremieux, who said
with truth, that we had put the royal party in their
carriage, and we proceeded together to the Chamber
of Deputies, which he entered with M. Larocheja-
quelin, who was standing in front of the building on
the square. After the King and the other members
of the Royal Family had arrived at St. Cloud they
got into an omnibus and went on to Versailles. It is
said in several of the French journals that they then
reached Eu, and from thence went to Treport, and
there embarked in the Furet steamer for England,
and that on arriving there the King had an apoplectic
attack which caused his death. As we have not re-
ceived the London journals of a later date than
Fri-
day morning we cannot tell what degree
of credit is
entitled to the report of the King's arrival in Eng-
land; but we can state that up to Saturday afternoon
the Provisional Government had received no account
of his death."

The Duchess of MONTPENSIER arrived at the
French Embassy in Londcn yesterday afternoon, and
Louis Piimirrii was expected to arrive at Portsmouth
last night.
The latest accounts of Louis PHILIPPE state that
he was at Dreux, with only one five-franc piece in
his pocket. The small sum of money which the
Quinx had taken with her in their flight having be-
came exhausted. Nothing was known of M. GuizoT.
It is said that the Austrians have sent 20,000 men
to assist the King of NAPLES, and that it is deter-
mined to march troops to prevent Austrian interfer-
ence in the affairs of Italy.
The Marquis of NORMANDY has sent off dispatches
to the Foreign-office announcing the establishment of
the French Republic. The answer of Lord PAL-
MERSTON is expected in Paris with the greatest
anxiety.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TIIE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, FEB. 28.
Boulogne and Amiens, 734—Ccntral of France (Orleans

INDIAN MAIL-NOTICE.

General Post-office, February, 29th, 1848, Noon

Information has just been received from M.
Etienne Arngo, Director-General of the French
Post-office, that the Mail fur India, which was dis
patched from London on the 24th instant, reached
Paris on the 26th, at two A.m , and was immediately
forwarded by the Director-General to Marseilles.

ABANDONMENT OF THE
INCREASED INCOME TAX.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer, in his speech
in the House of Commons last evening, stated that
it was not the intention of her Majesty's Government
to pass those resolutions which imposed an addition to
the existing Income-tax; but it was proposed to con-
tinue the existing Income-tax for a period of threw
years instead of five, as was originally proposed,
The expenses of the Kafir war and the naval excess
were to be paid out of the balances of the year.

BANKRUPTCY.—(THIS DAY.)
(Before ➢ir. Commissioner SHEPHERD.)
IN RE NEIL MACKENZIE.

This bankrupt, described as of Nei+•gate street, fringe
manufacturer, came up to pass his last examination.
A proof was tendered by a Mr. Denham on a bill of
exchange drawn by the bankrupt on a person named
Marquis, and endorsed by bankrupt to Mr. Denham.
After the bill was accepted, and before it became due,
Marquis ass'gned his property for the benefit of' his
creditors under the Act 6th George IV., by which it is
enacted that on compliance with certain provisions, and
notice having been given in the London Gazette, such
assignment shall be in the nature, and have the same
effect, as a fiat in bankruptcy. Mr. Denham did not
concur in the deed, but it was contended on
behalf of the assignees of M'Kenzie, that he could only
prove for the difference between the amount paid under
the trust deed of Marquis, and the amount of the bill as
he might have received the composition.
His HoNotra said that admitting that the deed was
perfect, and had the effect of a fiat in bankruptcy, a
creditor could not be compelled to prove, but might take
advantage of any other opportunity; one occurred in
this case, and he availed himself of it, and was entitled
to prove for the full amount.
The SOLICITOR to the assignees hoped his Honour
would adjourn the case, so that he (the Solicitor) might
be better prepared to argue such an important case.
His HONOUR said he saw no reason, as he was quite
clear on the point.
The proof was then admitted, and the bankrupt passed
his last examination.

CRIMINAL COURT.-(THIS DAY.)

NEW COU It
(Before the COMMON SERGEANT and Alderman
CHALLIS )
A respeetably•dressed young man was indicted with
stealing from the Albion Tavern, Bishopsgate-street,
where he held the situation of a waiter, several plates,
wine-glasses, towels, wine, and other articles.
It appeared that the honesty of the prisoner having
been suspected, a search was made in his house, where
the articles in question were found. On being taken
into custody, he admitted having stolen the articles, but
begged forgiveness, on the ground that he had been
induced to commit the robbery through poverty. For
the defence, however, that was not shown to be the case,
as there were some bottles of champagne and other
wines in his house. It appeared that the prisoner had
previously borne a very respectable character.
The Commobt SERGEANT sentenced him to one year's
imprisonment in the douse of Correction.
On hearing the sentence the prisoner was greatly
affected, and sobbed convulsively as he left the court.
Elizabeth Lee and Elizabeth Davis were indicted for
stealing four pairs of stockings from a hosier's shop in
High-street, Aldersgate, Where they were exhibited for
sale.

Lee was sentenced to ono year's imprisonment, and
Davis, having been convicted on a previous occasion,
was transported for seven years.

ELECTION COMMITTEES.
(THIS DAY.)
BOLTON.
The Select Committee appointed to investigate the
truth of the allegations contained in the petition pre-
sented against the return of Mr. Bolling for Bolton,
assembled at the usual hour this morning; Mr. Hamil-
ton in the chair.
John Batten, an elector of Bolton, proved that a Mr.
Woods, who belonged to Mr. Bolling's party, offered him
101. to vote for Mr. Bolling an Brooks. Mr. Woods
was his landlord, and the 101. was to have been deducted
from his rent. The money had not since been paid, nor
had it been deducted from his rent. Mr. Woods posi-
tively told witness that he could get the 101. from Mr.
Bolling's party, and it was in consequence of that pro-
mise that he voted for Bolling and Brooks. He received
54 from some other parties in connexion with the elec.
Um]. The money was paid to him at the Robin Hood
public-house, in Bolton, and there were only two persons
present at the time he received it. The party who gave
it to him stipulated that he was to vote for Mr. Bolling.
At all the previous elections he voted for the Liberals.