The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-02 00:00:00

abuse, should be entirely eschewed and most cautiously
avoided.

We regret that this has not been the case, and yet,
had it not been so, we might not have obtained the
views of the Government, and the development of
the Whig policy brought forward in the document to
which we have adverted. The Premier speaks of the
hopes and expectations of himself and his colleagues,
"that landed proprietors would have commenced
works of drainage, and other improvements on their
own account—thus employing the people on their own
estates, and rendering the land more productive for
the future." Had that been the case, it would
only be the surplus labour which would
have been employed on the roads, and other
works not immediately profitable. His Lordship
then explains that the Act was put into operation in
a different spirit from that intended, that it was taken
for granted that the public works were the chief ob-
jects to be regarded, in place of being merely auxi-
liary to private exertion and private expenditure,
and he explains how, although lamenting the wrong
direction in which the Act had been turned, they yet
sanctioned the deviation from the law and the ad-
vance of money for private works of a beneficial cha-
racter. He shows the utter impossibility and the
impolicy of any attempt by the Executive to
maintain the usual price of food in a season of scar-
city that affects all European nations; that the at-
tempt to feed one part might, if successful, starve
another part of the people; and that, therefore, all
that has been attempted by the Government has
been to endeavour to create a provision trade,
at fair mercantile prices, where no provision trade
has hitherto existed, and where, without assistance,
none might be willing to undertake a new and un-
popular occupation. Having thus stated the lengths
to which the Government have gone, or are prepared
to go, on this most difficult and perplexing question,
his Lordship points out, in a masterly manner, that
what cannot he done by the State may be achieved
by individual and social exertions. He assumes, as
the fable mentions HERCULES to have done to the
waggoner, that the proprietors must put their own
shoulders to the wheel—must exert themselves
strenuously for the mitigation of the evil ; that there
is nothing to prevent them from purchasing pro-
visions and disposing of the supplies so obtained at
cheap and reasonable rates. This has already been
done with good effect in Scotland, and may
be had recourse to in Ireland with the most
beneficial results. So far relates to the present exi-
gencies of the country. The rest of the letter ap-
plies to other questions for the future, to which the
attention of landed proprietors may most usefully be
directed, but which our space for the present forbids
our entering on. Most sincerely do we hope that a
National Committee will speedily give the suggestions
of his Lordship that full consideration which their
importance demands, and that local committees, com-
municating with the central body, may ascertain the
presence of distress, measure the wants of the several
districts, and prevent all waste or misapplication of
the resources of the country.

The following extract of a letter from Lemberg of
the 18th October appears in the Frankfort German
Journal:—

" Detachments of cavalry, commanded by a sub-
Lieutenant, and accompanied by a clergyman, have been
sent to scour the high roads of Gallicia. They have
orders to shoot immediately all individuals who shall
resist them, or refuse to obey their injunctions. The
clergyman is to administer to them the sacraments of
the church. Similar patrols are likewise met along the
frontiers of llungary, watching the movements of the
refugees. The peasantry are directed by artful and in-
telligent men, amongst whom was supposed to be M.
Edward Dembowski, former Secretary of the Minister of
the Interior at Cracow."

The Congress of the Zollverein has increased the
import duty on flaxen and hempen threads, but has
refused to impose a prohibitory duty on cotton thread•

According to the latest accounts everything was
quiet in Geneva. M. FAZEZ-PASTEUR has been
elected President of the Grand Council by a large
majority.

The intelligence from Portugal is to the 24th ult
The insurrection was still unsuppressed in Oporto, where
the Duke DE TERCEIRA and his suite had been re-
moved from the Castle of the Foz to the prison of the
Relacao. The mouth of the Douro was declared
blockaded by royal decree. Evora had pronounced
in favour of the Oporto insurgents, and
Braga and Pennafiel had pronounced in
favour of Don MIGUEL. The garrison of
Lisbon continued faithful to the Government, and
the enri-drner.f. nc iWLIS Com-
pleted. It is said the KING has given up the idea of
taking the command of the troops. The force ordered
to advance against Oporto consists of 2,000 men. At
this the insurgents laugh, as they have 8,000 men in
garrison there to support them. The Conde DAS
ANTAS is still advancing on Lisbon. The Diario
publishes the following letter, said to have been ad-
dressed by him to the QUEEN :

" Madame,—Your Majesty has deigned to charge me
with the pacification of the Minho, to which I have de-
voted myself with zeal in order that I might duly re•
spond to your Majesty's confidence. I learned at Braga
that your Majesty has resolved to call to your councils
new ministers ; and I was also informed of the landing
and imprisonment of several illustrious Generals. After
the violent commotion in the Minho, the lout aggra-
vation excites the effervescence of men's minds, and
lets loose their passions ; and the least hesitation on
my part to place myself at the head of the people
and accept the presidency of the junta, which has
been offered to me, would have given birth to a civil war
and caused the ruin of the northern provinces. To iden-
tify the army with the people has been, Madame, my
predominant idea, for I have considered the army as an
element of order, as the support of the throne and
of liberty, and as entirely distinct from all party.
Under these difficult circumstances, I have judged it
to be wise and politic to direct every effort to the
defence of the throne and the country. This is
what I have now done, always done, and will
continue to do. Your Majesty, in your high
wisdom, will appreciate my conduct, and render justice
to the purity of my intentions. I glory in having served,
as well as
_I know how to serve. It has been by this
that I have merited the consideration and favours of
yous Majesty's father, my protector, my friend, and my
general, eternally regretted. I would sacrifice to your
Majesty all that is dear to honour upon earth. I re-
gret, Madame, that my services are not greater. I lay
them all at the foot of your throne, entreating, with the
majority of the Portuguese, that your Majesty will
grant the wishes and wants of the nation. May God
preserve the precious life of your Majesty, as is the de-
sire of every good Portuguese."

Madrid papers of the 24th, 25th, and 26th have
arrived.

It is said that the Portuguese question has caused
a split in the Cabinet, and that General SANZ has
tendered his resignation. This looks like non-inter-
ference, for General SANZ has always been in favour
of an armed intervention in Portuguese affairs.
The Gagela of the 24th contains an ordonnance
appointing Major-General JOSE DE OZORES, Seno
de RUBIANOS, Commander of the Corps of llalber-
diers, in the room of General PALAFOX, Duke of
Saragossa. The presence of the gallant defender of
Saragossa must have been a terrible eye-sore to Count
BRESSON, and we are not therefore surprised at his
removal by the Afrancesados.

The Espanol observes, as a curious coincidence,
that the Marquis of CASTELDORIUS, whose house owes
its title of grandees of Spain to one of his ancestors
having been the first person who saluted as King of
Spain the French Prince who was the origin of the
Bourbons of Spain, died the day the Duke of MONT-
PENSIEIt was wedded to the INFANTA.

The expedition of General FLORES sails, it is said,
in the beginning of the next month.

The accounts from Portugal in these papers are
very contradictory.
MADRID BoLsa, Gcr. 24.—The Three per Cents. were
done at 343 for cash,• and 35 for paper; the Four per
Cents, at 21%; the Five per Cents. at 215 ; the Debt
without Interest at 63/4 ; and the Coupons at 20.

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.

The Moniteur publishes a royal ordonnance, open-
ing to the Minister of Foreign Affairs an extra-
ordinary credit of 300,000 f. for secret expenses. The
words of the ordonnance are, "for an urgent ser-
vice, the expense of which could not be comprised
in the amount of credit on the estimates."
The Journal des Debats contains the following, on
the proceedings of the English, French, Belgian, and
Dutch creditors of Spain, at present assembled in
Paris :

" The delegates of the creditors of Spain—English,
French, Belgian, and Dutch—are at present assembled
at Paris to concert together the measures to be taken
for their common interest, and to endeavour to obtain
for that purpose the support of the goad Goyernmeut•

For a length of time Spanish Bonds have been nothing
but useless paper, and it can never be too soon to listen
to the just complaints of so many families who have
cruelly suflered in their fortune by lending money to
Spain. We hope that the restoration of order and calm
in Spain will permit the Government of the young
Queen to think at length of the public creditors,
amongst whom are so many of our countrymen. It
is the business of our Government not to forget this
sacred duty, and we see with pleasure that it not only
of itself is busied about this - affair, but accords all
its support to the delegates. On Wednesday, Mr.
Fleming, president, and Messrs. Chard and Henderson,
members of the English deputation, who are pro-
ceeding to Madrid to prosecute this affair, in the in-
terest of all the creditors of Spain, had the honour
of an audience from the Minister of Foreign Affairs
and received from him the most positive assurances of
assistance. After having communicated to the dele-
gates of the other committees the result of their inter-
view, they sent to the Minister the following letter :
Sia—Permit us to express to you our gratitude and
sincere thanks for the reception, at once flattering and
favourable, which your Excellency was pleased to give
us when we appeared before you, as the representatives
of the foreign creditors of Spain. We reckon on the pro-
mise of your assistance as on the representations alread3
addressed on your own part to the Spanish Government,
for the success of our just cause, and thereby your Excel-
lency will have assured to your country the gratitude,
thanks, and goodwill of a crowd of persons of all coun-
tries interested in the Spanish debt. We have to add
that a meeting, at which the delegates of the committees
of France, Belgium, and Holland were present, it was
unanimously resolved to express to your Excellency the
part which they took in the satisfaction which we felt
after having been received by you.'"
The National thus admirably turns to account the
admissions made by the Debats in an article on the
affairs of Portugal, a translation of which we gave in
The Sun of Saturday :
" We may come to an understanding with the Journal
des Debats, for there are days on which it approaches
much nearer to the National than to royalty, Here is a
good augury. In its number of yesterday it expressed
itself with regard to the Queen of Portugal, and more
particularly to the band of re-actionaries at Lisbon, with
an extremely gracious tergiversation. It said, Donna
Maria is an imprudent Princess, who may lose her crown
in the game she is playing and the Debars adds, We
stall not grieve!' This gives us some hopes for the
events to happen. The principles of the Debuts are so
sound that they may be carried a long way without
spoiling—they may cross the Estramadura, and be appli-
cable at Madrid as well as at Lisbon. This journal is
indignant, because the constitution has been destroyed,
and the freedom of the press and the liberty of the sub-
ject no longer exist in Portugal. The Debats becomes
absolutely furious against these coups d'autarite, which
suppress the constitutional guarantees. We hasten to
accept and acknowledge these fine sentiments, but
require that they should be generalised. What is
imprudent in a Princess of the house of Braganza
cannot be good and laudable in a Princess of the
house of Bourbon. If Donna Maria deserves to lose her
crown for having destroyed a constitution and anni-
hilated the liberty of the subject and the freedom of the
press, what does Maria Christina deserve for having
done as much or worse in Spain ? To give a little lift
to the logic of the Debuts, we humbly request it to tell
us whether Maria Christina and her friends at Madrid,
have had nothing to do with the coup d'autorite which it
now condemns. Can this journal, so well informed as it
is, be ignorant that Gonzales Bravo and Costa Cabral
have entered into this conspiracy ? Does it not know
with how much enthusiasm this audacious act was re-
ceived in the Palace of Madrid ? Has it not read in the
Heraldo and the Spanish correspondence, manufactured
under the eye of M. Guisot, how much felicitation there
has been on the success of this measure, which is of a
nature to give great annoyance to England ?' If we
were not afraid of appearing to be too urgent and in-
discreet, we should venture to ask the Debate by what
generous hand it was that 6,000,000 of reels were re-
mitted to Queen Donna Maria or her agents—a sum
deemed necessary to accomplish this glorious task ? M.
Guisot bad nothing to do with this, neither had Mdme.
Munoz, nor her husband, and M. Bresson, who is inno-
cence itself, has never been consulted, nor knew a word
about what was going on. Our Government detests coun-
ter-revolutions--particularly when they fail; and it is so
ill served by its agents, that they always leave a bit of their
skirts when they go into bad places, where they have no
business to be. This is fatality. M. Guizot did not
receive M. Saldanha on his way through Paris. If he
had received him, he would most assuredly have diverted
him from all ideas of conspiracy. And yet, from the
15th of August to the 6th of September, and particularly
during the days immediately preceding the nocturnal
trap at Lisbon, the principal actors in this drama were
in constant conferences with the French legation. Dietz,
the Marquis de Fronteira, the Duke de Terceira, Sal-
danha himself, all non-official personages, had inter-
views with M. de Rouen, our Chargoi d'Affaires at
Lisbon. He undoubtedly preached to them due respect
to the constitution and loyalty of conduct, and equally,
no doubt, was in accord upon this point with the
Spanish legation, which Gonzales Bravo left behind him,
and which showed itself so active in favour of liberty.
M. de Rouen himself has been so perfectly obliging to a
friendly Government, that, informed as he was of all
that was plotting in the Palace, he could not conceal it
from the Duke de Palmella, in an interview he
had with him only a few days before the famous night
of the 6th of September. If by any chance M. de
Rouen had been consulted individually by any person
connected with the Bank of Lisbon, we are con-
vinced he would have replied—' Assist in strength-
ening this Ministry; it has the elements of durability.'
M. do Rouen is an able diplomatist, who knows
well how far it would have been displeasing to M.
Guizot for him tu „ la stiese intrigues,
which have brought Portugal to the point at which she
has arrived. Thus, it is well understood, M. Guizot at
this hour condemns all that has been done. The Spa-
nish Government, with which M. Guisot was carrying
on such tender courtship, is also as great a stranger as
himself to this imbroglio, of which the Debate can corn
prehend nothing. Costa Cabral, received with so much
favour at Madrid, has taken no part in what has hap-
pened. Donna Maria, who was so much in want of
money, receives no supplies from any one. And yet
our Cabinet was struck with surprise and grief when it
heard of the trap! All this is clearly demonstrated by
the Debats' and it has a decisive reason, for the National,
speaking a few days ago about Saldanha, declared that
neither his words nor his actions warranted a belief that
he was guilty of an act of treason so infamous. What!
because Saldanba may have seen other persons in Paris,
does it follow that he did not see AL Guizot? What an
overwhelming arg
com ument! It destroys, without reply,
all the acts of plicity we have related ! Come
come! Let us have a little good faith ! Remember
what your friends at Madrid said and printed on hearing
the first news of the event. Remember that the counter-
bae Ys
so which you wished to
' harsh towards an
consolidate.
vn tsttlohul
ie a tdi o nte, .
power
I ot fortunate
isma
n oratit
a Christina
r iLisbon,glit to
helped you in confirm-
o
audacity so devoted, and the worship of success ought
not to be carried to the extent of cynicism."
On Thursday the KING gave a grand banquet at
St. Cloud, in honour of the sixth anniversary of the
formation of the Soult-Guizot Ministry. On this
subject the Conslitutionnel remarks—
the" It has been reported during the last few days that
accession of M. Guizot tthe Presidentship of the
Council was to take place yesterday, Oct. 29, the anni-
verssry of the formation of the Ministry. But the
Moniteur, and the semi-official journals, say nothing
about it. It was also said that a great:movement was
about to take place in the prefectures. The prefects
who had shown most personal activity in the electoral
struggle were to obtain advancement, and it was pro-
posed to disgrace those who had not manifested sufficient
activity and seal, or who had allowed themselves to be
borne down by public opinion; others, again, were to be
placed on the retired list for age or ill-health. But it
appears that the greater number of these plans have been
abandoned, and that only a few changes will take place."
The Prince DE JOINVILLE and Admiral DUPETIT
TnouAtts had each long interviews with M. GuizoT
on Saturday. It is said that it was determined at
those interviews that the French fleet in the Mediter-
ranean should be strengthened.
All the Opposition journals of Saturday are very
severe in their remarks on the royal ordonnance open-
ing to M. GUIZOT an extraordinary credit of 300,0001.
for secret expenses. The following au the observa-
tions of the National—
" The day before yesterday we reproached the Minis-
ter with the miserable parsimony of the first sums given
to succour immense afflictions. Nearly three months
still separate us from the meeting of the Chambers, and
when they have met, six weeks at least will elapse before
the Bill destined to repair so many disasters shall have
passed. It is, therefore, an interval of nearly five
months which the Ministry has proposed to fill up
with this alms, destined to so numerous a population
reduced to the severest extremities ! But of what
do we complain ? It is constitutional scruples
that have paralysed the generous heart of the Cabinet.
It feared to encroach on Parliament by ordonnances.
What a noble reserve! The Moniteur of yesterday
has appeared expressly to confirm it. A few days
back M. Guisot had an extraordinary credit of
200,000 f., voted for the expenses of couriers and diplo-
matic missions. The sum voted by the Budget was,
however, sufficiently large, but it has been exceeded by
200,000 f. But they were marrying the Duke de Mont-
pensier, and as he was going to touch a dowry of thirty
millions, it was just that France should commence by pay-
ing the expenses of extraordinary couriers. However, a sum
of 200,000 f. is somewhat dear, and many a man can be sent
from Paris to Madrid for that amount. At present we have
a very different thing! The Moniteuradjudges to M. G ui-
ant a new credit, accounted for in these terms: Consi-
dering that circumstances have given occasion in the
course of the year for extraordinary secret expenses
which could not be foreseen when the Budget was
voted, there is now opened to our Minister of Foreign
Affairs an extraordinary credit of 300,000 f., for an urgent
service, the expenses of which shall be the object ofa special
chapter, entitled Extraordinary Secret Expenses. What,
then, are the circumstances which have given occasion for
extraordinary secret expenses ? What is the work of
darkness and shameful police which AL Guizot is
anxious to hide from every eye ? The secret fundse
necessary for his department were largely voted ; h
spent them all, and then he wants 300,000 f. additional
What to do ? Do negotiations, conducted with honesty,
demand so great a prodigality of espionage? The Queen
has consented with transport to her sister's marriage;
the vote of the Cortes was a free one; M. Bresson's hands
are pure, and already the credit relative to messengers
and missions hare been doubled. What, then, rematns to
be paid ? To Whom is this money of the publio treasury

The Lord Mayor and the Lady Mayoress will give
a grand ball at the Mansion House on the sth instant.
THE FOG YESTERDAY. About noon yesterday
the metropolis was again visited by one of those dense
fogs that during the last week or two have been of fre-
quent occurrence. The early part of the day the fog
was very slight, but at about twelve o'clock it increased
to such an extent that the light of the sun was partially
obscured, and a general darkness prevailed, and the
vehicles in the streets pursued their journeys under con-
riderable difficulties. The fog on the river, however,
was even worse than on land, the staam- boats discon-
tinuing running, and by boards exhibited at the different
piers it was intimated that "No boats will run during
the fog." The Niobe, a Woolwich boat, unable to pro-
ceed
further on her journey, drew up at Blackfriars-
bridge, and remained there for several hours, but in the
afternoon the fog cleared off, and the usual passages
were resumed.

SERIOUS ACCIDENT.—On Saturday erening a
female named Emma Evers, while crossing from the
eastern to the western side of Blackfriars-bridge, was
caught by the wheel of an omnibus ; at the moment, a
cart, heavily laden with wood coming up, she got jammed
between the two vehicles, and so seriously injured, that
her life is in great jeopardy. She was taken to the house
of Mr. Rose, surgeon, at the corner of Stamford-street,
Blackfriars-road, when, upon examination, it was found
that the pelvis was so injured, that he deemed it de-
sirable that the sufferer should be removed to St.
Thomas's Hospital, where she was conveyed in a very
weak state.

UNCONSCIOUS THZIFT.—On Saturday, Mr. Baker
held un inquest at the Victory, at Tottenham, on Daniel
Green, aged eighty-three years, who had hung himself.
Louisa Green, a daughter Of deceased, said her father
resided in Union-row ;he had for a length of time been
imbecile and weak-minded, and at times did not know
what he was doing. On Friday week a neighbour, who
is a butcher, accused him of having stolen a piece of
beef. This preyed on his mind, and he had since been
very melancholy and desponding. He subsequently told
witness that he had taken the meat, but he did not know
at the time what he was about. On Wednesday, whilst
he was out for a walk, a boy called after him, " How did
you like the beef ?" He returned home much excited,
and soon after was discovered hanging by a rope from
the rafters of the stable. He was quite dead. Verdict,
" Insanity."
alThe Right Hon. H. Labouchsre, Chief Secretary
for Ireland, who arrived in town a few days since to at-
tend a meeting of his colleagues, will leave for Dublin
either on Tgeoclay Qr Wedueiday.