The Sun.
London, England, 1848-12-01 00:00:00

THE SUN,

resolved the other evening to send 3,500 men to
Civita Vecchia, accompanied by one of the national
representatives, M. COURCELLES, on an extraor inary
misiion to protect Pio Norco from further (Aar ges
at
the hands of a sanguinary rabble of Roman S eialists.
As affording a very remarkable testimony that the
view taken by the Government at P:. is was
far from being in any one particular erroneous, the
correspondence just received from their representative
at Rome, M. D'HARCOURT, the French Ambassador,
is eminently entitled to perusal. It recounts in
terms of the utmost indignation the atrocities com-
mitted by the mob in the Eternal City, from the as-
sassination of Rossi to the murder of Per.me, from
the storming of the Quirinal to the installation of the
new Ministry—and this, let it be remembered, from
the representative of a Cabinet born of revolution,
from a man predisposed in every respect to look with
an eye of sympathy upon any democratic move-
ment ! But the crimes of the Socialist party at Rome
were too palpable and hideous in their depra-
vity, and the Ambassador from the French
Republic writes with the earnestness of a man
whose whole soul sickens with emotions of horror
and abhorrence.

So far from having marred his prospects as a can-
didate for the office of President by this brave de-
fiance of the Red Democrats, both among the Italians
and among his own countrymen, General CAVAIGNAC
has excited an admiration which must tend very ma-
terially to forward his interests; while his rival,
Prince Lours NAPOLEON, has materially impaired his
cause by the publication of a manifesto, which, in
spite of its indisputable cleverness, is too vague in
principle, too abject in entreaty, and too nervously
circumspect in every individual syllable. Let the
Moderates be only true to themselves, let them only
resolve betimes as to whether their votes shall be
given for LAMARTINE or CAVAIGNAC, and on Sun-
day, the 10th of December, they may laugh to
scorn the slanders and conspiracies of the Counter-
Revolutionists.

The accounts received from Ireland day by day
are indeed suggestive of gloomy reflections. We
hear of the most lamentable ♦icissitudes of fortune—
of men, who some years since were in the enjoy-
ment of every luxury and comfort that affluence could
afford, being reduced to a state of the deepest
distress, in want of almost the commonest necessaries
of life—of deserted farms, and uncultivated lands—
of hardy and intelligent- men, possessing a small
capital, together with the most untiring energy
and determination, flying from their native
land to seek a home on a distant shore
—of workhouses crammed to suffocation,—
of innumerable claimants for out-door relief—of in-
effectual efforts to collect the rates for the relief of
the poor, and of ejectinents and clearances of estates,
where the miserable cottiers are driven from their
humble holdings at this inclement season of the year,
and left without a roof to shelter their wretched
families or a meal for their starving children. These
are, indeed, melancholy facts, that must awaken the
sympathies and excite the commiseration of every
man of ordinary humanity. Without entering upon
any personal considerations, without touching in any
degree upon the question how deeply this country is
interested in the affairs of Ireland—how intimately
they are connected together—and how largely
British prosperity may be affected by Irish distress,
the sufferings of our brethren at the other side of
St. George's Channel are abundantly sufficient to
awaken our most serious attention to the means by
which those sufferings may- be alleviated, and a more
favourable state of affairs brought about. What is
to be done in Ireland and for Ireland are questions
that will not be disregarded at the present moment.
If pecuniary assistance were indeed required from
this country it would, we doubt not, be
readily and cheerfully afforded. But if, as we
firmly believe to be the case, Ireland possesses ample
resources to work out her own salvation—that all
that is wanting is that the energies of her children
should be exerted in a judicious and prudent manner,
and that the more impoverished districts should receive
some trifling temporary aid until they are in a position
to support their own poverty, it is doubly incum-
bent upon us not to withhold our assistance, but
by our councils and our unceasing efforts to
every respect worthy of a position in the Britisli
empire.

The working of the:poor.law now forms one of the
chief grounds of complaint from all classess of Irish-
men. It is said to press with extraordinary weight
upon those who are most anxious to discharge their
duties—to impair their power, and to cripple their
exertions ; that, from the undue magnitude of the
area of taxation, they are compelled to support not
only the poor belonging to their own estates, but also
those of their more indolent and less deserving
neighbours; and that thus they are over-
whelmed by a mass of poverty against which
it is hopeless to struggle, and that they must speedily
abandon the unequal contest unless some relief be af-
forded, and that matters be placed upon a sounder
and a more equitable foundation. There is, we re-
gret to say, some truth in these assertions, and many
instances have come to our knowledge where the
exertions of really good and energetic landlords have
been swamped, from the unfortunate position in which
they were placed, the neighbouring gentry being im-
poverished and embarrassed, and unable to render
any voluntary assistance by affording employment to
labour, or encouragement to their tenantry to improve
their holdings. It is indeed hard that those willing
to discharge their own obligations should be thus
hampered and oppressed through the deficiencies and
the faults of others. It is difficult, however, to sug-
gest a fitting remedy. If the area of taxation were
narrowed to the utmost extent, so as to make it as
nearly as possible coincident with individual pro-
perty, the certain result would be, that many loca-
lities would be utterly unable to support their poor,
and that a national rate should be resorted to. An
additional motive would arise to induce proprietors
to cleir their estates to the utmost extent, to
convert their arable lands into pasture, to
prevent the construction of cottages, so that their
workmen would in the day of distress become bur-
dens on others who had not profited by their labour.
There are many evils that would undoubtedly arise
if such a course were adopted, that would perhaps be
even more injurious to the community in general
than those to which it is now desired to apply a re-
medy. A full and searching investigation must take
place before any alteration can be sanctioned. It is
much to be regretted that the inquiry asked for dur-
ing the past session by the almost unanimous voice
of the Irish representatives was not awarded. If a
report had been made, or even a Committee appointed,
and some witnesses examined, much information might
have been obtained, that would have cast light upon the
vexata plastic. As it is, we must only determine
that not a single, hour shall be lost after the re
assembling of Parliament in bringing the subject
under the consideration of the House and country,
and adopting the measures which upon due reflection
shall appear to be best calculated to meet the wants
of the country, and to promote the interests of the
I:RaTElluNna.EutiQLns.;ll.----CLANDESTINE DEPARTURE OP THE
with the kidna
so lately
vants by the Jesuidg
paittora to the circumstances connected
D'ALLlAxex."—Having
of. a. number of Mr. B. Boyd's ser-
vants
on board the French
drawl; attention -"'4""
ship the Arche
dAaannd the departure of that
Jack
Excellency the Go-
vt ssel from this port,
we have now only to state olfl.the,police authorities,
vernor having instituted anent
been pleased to suspend Mr. It. jarcyktsitheotnoi; tthhee.pcialsoet, who
otetheQ`kater
at
had
took the Arche d'Alliance to sea
time that warrants for the apprehension onfotwhingel
been issued by Captain Brown, Magistrate
Police.— Australian Journal, June 16, 1848.
ATTRACTIVE NEWS FOR OUR CoUNTRYwoMEN AT
HOME.—Out of the female immigrants who recently ar-
rived at Melbourne by the William Stewart, eight were
married within twenty-four hours after their landing
An offer made to a ninth (a cautious Scotch lassie) was
deferred by the _fair one, who, with some slight adumbra-
tions as to higher aspirations, professed her intention to
" wuit a wee while.' The Portland Guardian, in
noticing the nuptial arrangements, only regretted that
the ladies had not been landed in that delightful Et,y,
where double the number would have . met eligible
matches in half the number of hours. "Eight weddings
in twenty-four hours," quoth our contemporary, "pooh!
in Portland there would have been sixteen in twelve!"
We perceive that some of our London contemporaries
have been making comparisons (all in our favour by the
way) between" America-and Australia as fields of coloni-
zation. We think, with the above matrimonial matters
of fact before them, our fair countrywomen at home will
acknowledge that he Australian colonies are the true
6" United States. --Australian
_Journal, June 16, 1848.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The following letters, written to the Minister of
Foreign Atitirs by M. D'Hancounr, the French
Ambassador at Rome, describing the events which
have recently occurred in the " Eternal City," have
been laid before the National Assembly by the
Executive Government :

" Rome, N0v.416.

" Monsieur le Ministre,—l have already had the
honour of announcing to you by the telegraph that M.
Rossi, Minister of the Interior, was assassinated yester-
day at one o'clock, As_he was alighting from his carriage
to enter the Chamber of Deputies, He was stabbed in
the throat, and died immediately. The murderer was
not arrested, nor was even any attempt made to seize
him. Some Gendarmes and National Guards, who were
on the spot, did not interfere. The populace remained
mute and cold. It was with difficulty that the Minister's
servant could find any one to help him in carrying the
body of his master into a neighbouring room. The As-
sembly, on the steps of which the murder was committed,
continued undisturbedly to read its minutes, and not a
word was mentioned of the incident during the whole
sitting. In the evening the murderers and their adhe-
rents, to the amount of several hundreds, with flags at
their head, fraternized with the soldiers at the barracks,
and none of the magistrates came forward to act. The
director of the police, although urged to take some
energetic measures, refused to interfere, and withdrew.
This morning the whole of the Ministry resigned. It is
difficult to conceive any new combination possible, or
any chance of re-establishing order, after what has
passed. Such is the position of the successors of the
ancient Romans! Having no packet immediately at my
disposal, I have resolved to send this dispatch overland.
—Accept, &c., • • " HARCOURT."
(Second Dispatch.)
" Rome, Nov. 17.

" Monsieur le Ministre,—l have had the honour to
give you the account of the murder of M. Rossi. Yes-
terday we had a continuation of these excesses, which
will make you regret, perhaps, not having given at a
certain time some support to the Sovereign Pontiff. It
would be difficult to witness a more sad spectacle for the
nation, than that of which we have been ocular wit-
nesses. Towards two o'clock a rather large crowd of
the people went to the Quirinal with a programme,
known beforehand, and which issued from the presses of
the Popular Club. This programme demanded the dis-
missal of the Ministry, the formation of another, the
formation of a Constituent Assembly, a solemn declara-
tion of war, &c. There are in the interior of the Qui-
rinal 100 Swiss, who are alone charged with the per-
sonal guard of the Pope, with a. few gardes du corps.
When the Swiss saw this hostile demonstration, they
closed the doors and prepared for a defence. The diplo-
matic corps had time to eater the palace and offer to the
Pope its moral support against the violence that might
be attempted against him. The assemblage as first
uttered menaces to obtain admission, and seeing that
their desire was not complied with, they endeavoured
to burn down the principal door. A few musket
shots from the Swiss, and their decided t attitude,
soon forced the aggressors to retire to a distance. Up
to this time only the populace had interposed; the
attack, therefore, did not last long, and the populace
were beginning to disperse, when we witnessed, to our
great surprise, an unexpected spectacle. The civic
guard, the gendarmerie, the line, and the Roman legion,
to the number of some thousands in uniform, with
music and drums, came and ranged themselves in order
of battle on the square of the Quirinal, and were there
joined by a few of the people who had remained, and
began to fire at the windows of the Palace. Some balls
penetrated into the apartments, and one killed a prelate
who was in his chamber. As the Swiss continued to dis-
play a bold attitude, and it was thought that a determined
resistance would be offered,cannon was brought to bst:er
down the doors of the Palace of the unfortunate Pope, who
is mildness itself, and who had only a hundred Swiss to
defend him. It is generally thought that there were only
a few hundred plotters (meneurs), who had laid the plan
of this conspiracy. There were near the Pope during
the whole of the day only the diplomatic corps. The
Pope, all this time, showed much sang froid and firmness;
but as it was impossible to oppose re:istance—and, be-
sides, as he was less able and disposed than anybody to
shed blood—it was necessary to do whatever was de-
manded by his own troops, who besieged him in his pa-
lace. Negotiations were entered into, and a list of
Ministers was proposed to him, at the head of which
figure MM. Mamiani, Sterbini, Galetti, &c. This he ac-
cepted, protesting, however, against the violence which
was practised, and declaring that he would refer to the
Chambers the other measures which were demanded of
him. The authority of the Pope is now absolutely null.
It exists only in name, and none of his acts will be free
and voluntary. " HARCOURT."
(Third Dispatch.)
" Rome, Nov. 18.

" Monsieur le Ministre,—M. Muzzarelli, the prelate,
now President of the High Chamber, is to be President of
the Council and Minister of Public Instruction; M. Ma-
miani, of Foreign Affairs; M. Galetti, of the Interior; M.
Sterbini, of Public Works; Count Campella, of War;
M. Lunati, of Finances; and M. Sereni, of Justice. It
is thought that the High Chamber will be dissolved.
The Swiss are about to be dismissed, and the posts of
the Palace are to be occupied by the National Guards.
It is the Popular Club that decides all the plans. The
Pope, without making official protests against what is
ne yleitis'only It ALe:, #2 ce"a9,ltacilleAttsiirstoPLA bat
tided as to the conduct it ought to observe towards the
new Government. I think that it would be most con-
sistent to keep on the reserve until it has assumed a
decided colour, and shown what line of conduct it adopts
towards the Pope. I have expressed myself to this
effect to my colleagues, who have concurred with me in
opinion; but I shall be obliged if you will send me your
instructions on this point. It is possible that these events
may delay the consistory at which our bishops ought to
be recognised."
The remainder of the dispatch is occupied with
statements relating to the quarantine imposed on
vessels coming from Malta.
. _ _

The .Refor;te complains that the words " Liberte,
Egalitd, Fraternite " have been effaced on several of
the public buildings, and Louis PiimirrE's motto of
" Liberte, ordre public," has been substituted. It
also complains that M. DUFAURE has suppressed the
words " citoyen " and "salut et fraternit6" in his
circulars.

The Patric of Wednesday says—
" There was mach talk to-day in the National As-
sembly of a duel between M. Felix Pyat and M. Proud-
hon. They went successively to the Bois de Thulogne
and to St. Ouen, where they met M. Yen, the Com-
missary of Police, and his agents, by whom they were
compelled to separate without fighting. It is said, how-
ever, that they met again this evening, and fought."
The Gazette des Tribunaux says that the tribunal
of mises en accusation, and that of appeal for cor-
rectional police, met on Wednesday to hear the report
of the Advocate-General, METZINGER, on the accu
sations brought against the Ministers of the ex-King
LOUIS PHILIPPE, and that after a lengthened delibe-
ration, the Court decided that there were no grounds
for prosecuting any of the parties implicated.
The Constitutionnel publishes a declaration of a
Committee of Delegates of the departments of the
West in favour of the candidat€ship of Louts BONA-
PARTE. Among the names of these patrons of the
nephew of the EMPEROR is found that of GEORGES
CADOUAL.

The following is given by the Jourlud des Debuts
as the results of the elections which took place on
Sunday :
- - -

" Charente Inferieure—Marshal Bugeaud and General
plat, Jean d'Angely, in lau, of M. Louis
Napoleon Bonaparte, who has taken his seat for the
Seine, and of M. Contansau, who has resigned.

" Calvados—M. Thomine, in place of M. Durand,
deceased.

"Yonne—M. Napoleon Bertrand, in place of M. Louis
Napoleon Bonaparte.

Moselle—The Prince de la Moskowa, in place of M.
Louis \apoleo❑ Bonaparte.

At the sitting of the National Assembly yesterday
the discussion on the expedition to Civita Vecchia
was commenced by M. LEDRU ROLLIN, who spoke as
follows :

M. Ledru Rollin—l demand from the Government if
they have received any additional information relative to
the affairs of Rome, and if so, are they of a nature to
show that the calm which the letters of the Admiral
would lead us to foresee has been continued? Letters
which appeared yesterday in the public journals show
that after Rossi was struck the people remained calm,
and the Assembly went on with their deliberations,
without showing any emotion. The Ilonourab'e Gen-
tleman then narrated the circumstances which were
given in M. d'llarcourt's dispatches, and (hew the in-
ference that everything showed that Rome must remain
perfectly tranquil. Ile then went on:—I will now pro-
ceed to consider, in a political point of view, the expe-
dition which has been just ordered to Civita Vecchia. It
is, I conceive, altogether precipitate and out of place.
The cry with which the late movement has been
eff,cted at Rome was, "A bus les strangers," and yet
Francs sends out her subjects to that country! I con-
sider that this will be a cause of great difficulties, as the
first thing that the Roman people looked for was the
independence of their country. They will think but
little of the Pope in comparison with that object. You
desire, you say, to defend the Pope; but the real cause of
the expedition is to impose by fore° of arms what you
conceive to be the best policy far therßoman people. I
conceive that you have placed the Republic in a fatal
situation, and I feel convinced that if you had previously
demanded the opinion of the Pope himself, he would
os have
ar vul e
rrn have declared against the step which you have taken;
nay, more, if I am well informed, the Nuncio at Paris, if
goivie rcs
you had consulted him, would have been prepared to
de Yu fnoeni to
your
whencouh
a r
opposedn e ct .
agent.
aYouynodu dpoeurstdi redero to
na aid
bn )o, thehtio
mus up s
t
people. But let me now examine the instructions which
interfere
in the political affairs of P
cerely that such
instructions
h are given? Can he be
mister of his actions
order for the . _when en he endeavours to restore
question was purposenetatß o defending
.the Pope? The
was not religious butome, 'but at Milan; the question
to be considered 'as rolitical; the Prince was not
a temporal B,,ver
.the head of the Church, but as!
is Austria that Las toelign.—(Nlarks of dissent.) It
events at Rome; if (eeide what will be the course on
its influence and its Franceacts.
s countenances :lhat power in!l
down Lombardy. by his acts ofa dn,,ot Radetzky weighingo
commenced a system of arbitra-spottinil) lias he netli
e ?- On6'
deny it, and therefore the decisionry r of the question will
be found, I repeat it, in that part of Italy, and not at
Rowe, once that France has thrown the weight of her