The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-28 00:00:00

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BY LEECH AND i whenever the former has imposed a tax, the latter
W. F. G. MEASOM, AND PORTRAITS OF SIR CIIaISTOPHER :
HATTON AND THOMAS INGOLDSBY, have endeavoured to evade its payment. In this
THE NEW NUMBER, price Two Shillings and Sixpence, of
BENTLEY'S AIISCELLANY-
manner the Governor issued an order, requir-
FOR JANUARY, ing the trifling sum of one dollar per month
WILL CONTAIN:— from the owner of each fast-boat plying upon the
MISS PERKAPrTyLAELABNEDRTTSHMEITGHOT. HICS' BAIL.
river, the proceeds of this reasonable im-
With an Illustration by Leech. post to be applied to the repairing of the wharves
The Wofully Wedded. By Mrs. Howitt.
Address to the New Year. By W. B. of Macao, and the whole being accompanied with a
The Old Cemetery of St. John's, Nuremberg. With Illustrations.
The Palmer's Trial. A Legend of the Olden Time. By Captain system of registration, whereby the honesty and re-
Bracegirdle.
spectability of the boatmen would have been ensured.
The Moth. By Alfred Crowqrtill.
The Little Match-Girl. A Tale of Christmas. By H. C. Andersen. Instead of yielding at once to this excellent proposi-
Keeping up Appearances. By AltYed Crowquill.
The Shakspeare Album. tion, the refractory Chinese appear to have availed
Brian O'Linn ; or Luck's Everything. By the Author of " Stories of themselves of the opportunity for the purpose of Waterloo."
Shots from an Old Six-pounder. By Tortlire. evincing their animosity to the left-handed donni-
The Broken Vow. By Mrs. Romer. nation of Portugal. They refuse: his Excellency
Irene of Sestes. By W. G. J. Barker.
The Flaneur la Paris. By the Author of " Second Love." forthwith captures two fast-boats with their respective
The Old Storm King. By J. Linnmus Banks.
Queen Elizabeth and her Dancing Chancellor. By Dr. W. C. Taylor. crews. A multitude collect together and assail the
With a Portrait of Sir Christopher Hatton.
Portuguese : the Governor instantly calls out the
Poets, Places, and Pensions ; a Gossip with William Howitt.
Honest and Happy. lay J. Lintioeus Banks. soldiery, and disperses the insubordinate mob
A Sketch of Thomas Ingoldsby, with a Portrait.
CAPTAIN
B y SPIKE ; oENrIM, THE ISLETS OF THE GULF killing somewhere about a dozen, burning ten
J. FORER, Esq.
Author of " The Pilot," " The Spy," &e. fast-boats and sinking eight others. After divers
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. other attempts to elude the power of the settlers,
and to quash the obnoxious edict the subjects of the
Celestial EMPEROR are subdued, ard Senhor Joao
DO AMARAL is triumphant.
Such is the rapid suppression of animosities in
India, such is the rapid excitation of hostilities in
China. 'While one portion of the Asiatic race is
swallowing its wrath, and bowing its neck to the
yoke of its superiors in physical power and political
knowledge, another is chafing under the sway of
its fortuitous magistracy. In both these circum-
stances are perceptible a diseased state of intelligence,
and a want of a more advanced civilisation. In both are
visible the precariousness of their quietude and the
uncertainty of their alliance. The sudden submission
of MOOLRAJ and EMAUM-00D-DEEM recals to our
recollection the proverbs about Indian duplicity.
The disturbances of the boatmen at Macao is another
testimony of the instability of Chinese friendship.

Rymaskiewieg, had been arrested and given up to the
Prussian authorities as being a Prussian subject. On
the arrival of the prisoner at this place, the president of
the police visited him in prison, and discovered that it
was an3ther person, who had assumed the name of
Rymaskiewieg, in order that he might not be given up
to the Russian authorities. It has not yet been decided
what is to be done with the prisoner, but hopes are en-
tertained that he will be liberated."

By the Levant mail ;,e have received Athens
papers to the 10th, and intelligence from Constanti-
nople to the 7th.

An Athens journal publishes the following note,
dated October 20, 1846, from Lord PALMERSTON to
Sir ED➢IOND LYONS, in reply to a letter of the 10th
September, to which was annexed a copy of a letter
from 11. COLETTI to M. Mussums, the Envoy of the
Sublime Porte at Athens, on the subject of emigra-
tion to Turkey. Lord PALMERSTON says—
" I set out upon the principle that all who reside in
Greece, whether they have lived.there for a long time,
or arrive from any part of Turkey, enjoy the incontest-
able right of quitting Greece when they please.
When the three Powers created the kingdom of Greece,
they wished to establish a free state, and not a prison.
It is natural that the Government should see with an
unfavourable eye Greeks preferring to emigrate into
Turkey, instead of remaining in the kingdom; but it is
the fault of the Greek Government if this preference
exists. If the Greek Ministry persists in its system of
bad government, and if, besides, brigandage, oppression,
and murders increase, because they remain unpunished;
if there be no security for the property of peaceful and
laborious inhabitants, it would be astonishißg, in fact,
if those who can quit the kingdom should remain any
longer in it. I desire that you may transmit officially to
M. Colletti a copy of this letter."

NOTICE!

On the lot of January. with the Magazines, will be published,
PART I. (with a fine Portrait of Nelson and a fac-simile), to be
completed in Fourteen Monthly Parts, Price only ss. each, of
A CHEAP RE-ISSUE OF THE

'NELSON LETTERS AND DISPATCHES,
Edited by SIR HARRIS NICOLAS,
" The most valuable gilt that has yet been offered to the seaman—
both as an inspiration, and an instructor." —Athenxtn.
Orders received by all Booksellers.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

USEFUL PRESENT FOR A LADT.
Now ready, in small BTO., 7s. 6d- bound,
THE ENGLISH MATRON,
By the Authoress of

" THE ENGLISH GENTLEWOMAN."
In her former work, intended for the preparation of young
!adies for society, the author enforced in the most strenuous manner,
the imperative necessity of cultivating the mind, and of forming the
habits. The present volume is calculated to show in what way the
previous efforts are likely to bear upon the happiness of a married
life.

The illoniteur Grec announces that COLETTI'S
health is so much improved, that, he will be soon ena-
bled to resume his duties.

Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Intelligence has been received at Constantinople
of the death of TAYER PacuA, the Turkish Comman.
der-in-chief in Kurdistan. The Government state
that he died of apoplexy, but it was reported at
Constantinople that he had been killed in an action
against the rebels, in which the Turkish army had
been completely defeated.

NEW WORK BY G. W. FEATHERSTONHAUGH, ESQ.
Now ready, in 2 vols. Bvo., with Map and Plates, 28s. bound,
CANOE
VOYAGE
TO Tlit MINNAY SOTOR.
With an Account of some Lead and Copper Deposits in Wisconsin;
and of the Gold Region in the Cherokee Country, &c.
By G. W. FEATHERSTONIIA.UGH, F.R.S., F.G.S.
Author of " Excursions in the Slave States."
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
(Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.)

The nearer we approach to the Parliamentary
_ession of 1847, speculation becomes daily more rife,
not with respect to the objects of national import, to
which the new and principal measures of the Go-
vernment will be directed (on these heads the public
are already tolerably well enlightened), but every
surmise is freely canvassed as to what will be the
feelings and actual state of political parties in the
House of Commons on the 19th of next
month. The inquiry is a very natural one,
and is certainly of the highest interest, since
upon the political combinations that may be formed
out of the disorganised materials of parties, which so
peculiarly characterised the close of the past session,
will the stability of the present Government be essen-
tially determined. The various on dits appear to us
to be entitled to little or no consideration. Many of
them are based upon the assumption that Sir ROBERT
PEEL will, for a while, cease to take an active part in
St. Stephen's, if not altogether retire from public life.
Surely this is a very unreasonable supposition. If the
latter portion of it were true, there would, in
ell probability, have been long since issued a
new writ for the borough of Tamworth. Again,
that it is the intention of the ex-Premier to refrain
from prominently sharing in the deliberations of
Parliament, is another rumour to which no credence
can be justly attached. It is quite at variance with
every sentence that fell from Sir R. PEEL, when he
officially announced the resignation of his Ministry-
So far did he appear to be from meditating retirement
from public life, that he was at considerable pains to
explain to the House the spirit in which he
was prepared to act, in his private capacity as
a Member of Parliament, with respect to Ireland, the
progress of commercial reform, and other matters
likely to occupy the attention of the Senate. Since
the accession to power of Lord JOHN RUSSELL, there
has been neither, by speech nor act, any indication, cn
the part of the late Prime Minister, that he contem-
plates taking a different course from that which he
sketched on the occasion to which we have alluded.
That sketch evidently implied that he meant to con-
tinue to lead his political supporters, and, in opposi-
tion, dispassionately to review any measures which his
sucessors in office might think proper to introduce. It
appears to us, therefore, that nothing is less probable
than the notion that Lord LINCOLN will assume the
post which has hitherto been ostensibly filled by Sir
IL PEEL, when out of office.
The attempt to conjecture, at this moment, what
will be the probable position, or combination of par-
ties, in the popular branch of the Legislature, is alto-
gether futile. It may certainly be predicated that
the angry feelings of the agricultural representatives,
as exhibited during the course of the last session, will
be found to be considerably mollified, seeing that,
since the rising of Parliament both corn and land
have obtained high and remunerating prices, to the
utter contradiction of their gloomy and oft reiterated
prophecies. But the benefit of this improved feeling
will, in a party sense, be shared not less—indeed,
perhaps more—by Lord JOHN than by Sir ItonEer
PEEL. For, if the change in the corn-laws is to work
well for the landed interest, as we have all along
contended it would, Lord J. RUSSELL has a stronger
claim than his political rival upon the gratitude and
confidence of the agricultural Members, by rya
son of the earlier conversion to which his
mind was brought to the policy of abolish-
ing duties upon the importation of grain, the
produce of foreign countries. The futility of reason-
ing further, as to the continued division of parties on
the one hand, or their possible amalgamation on the
other, will be best rendered clear, by reflecting upon
what are the points which will have the directest in-
fluence in causing them repectively to decide whether
they will uphold, or resist the Government. These
points resolve themselves under two heads ;—First,
the mode in which the Cabinet have administered the
affairs, external and internal, of the empire since the
prorogation of Parliament ; and next, the nature and
tendency of the measures which the Government
shall have prepared for future legislation.
Upon the latter point all opposition (if any of im-
portance should be offered) must necessarily remain
in abeyance, or, rather, cannot be legitimately
kindled, till the schemes shall have been formally
expounded to the Legislature. In regard to the
former, and especially as relates to foreign policy
and Ireland, very much will necessarily depend upon
the views which Sir R. PEEL and the Stanleyites may
severally embrace. Until, therefore, their opinions
shall have been respectively revealed within the walls
of Parliament, the curious and the anxious, con-
cerning the future consolidation, or the continued
disruption of political parties, must, for the present,
be content to remain unsatisfied and unrelieved.

ILLUSTRATED TALE IN " THE MIRROR," Price ls.
On January 1, 1847, Chapters 1., 11., 111., and IV., of
THEMISE R'S WILL;
Or, LOVE AND AVARICE. An English Tale.
By PERCY B. ST. JOHN.
The Mirror will continue to be Edited by Mr. St. John, assisted by
several eminent writers, and will be Illustrated In the first style of
art by Hine, Archer, and Walmsley.
Now ready, Vol. 1., new series, price is. Gd.
11. Hurst, 27, King William-street, Strand.

A letter from Rome, of the 12th, gives the follow-
ing additional details of the late storm in that city:—
" Wekitow not how to describe to you the effects of
the tempest which has devastated this city for the last
four days, and which still continues. We never wit-
nessed such weather ; the rain fell in torrents, and the
thunder rolled incessantly. The Tiber overflowed its
banks in the most frightful manner ; one-half the city
is inundated by its waters, and the inhabitants of the
Corso have five feet depth of water round their houses.
All the quarter of the Campo Marva, the Chetto,
Ripetto. the Corso from the Place du Peuple to the
Place Colonna has the appearance of a large lake. The
inhabitants, surprised by the rapidity of the inundation,
found themselves prisoners in their houses without food,
and several without any assistance being possible.
Since 1805 such a scene has not been witnessed. The
loss has b( en immense. The shops and the cellars are
under water. Yesterday the waters subsided a little.
A part of the Corso is free; but boats still ply through
the adjacent streets, carrying provisions to those who
are still imprisoned. The Jews' quarter has suffered
the most, but the extent of the disaster cannot be yet
known; the mails no longer arrive, and two or three
bridges on the high road from Bologna, and in the
Marches, have been carried away."
Monsignor GRASSOLINI has been appointed Governor
of Rome, in the room of Monsignor MARINI, ap-
pointed Auditor-General of the Chamber. The
Commission of Legislation charged to prepare a new
code, continues its labours actively. The Code Na-
poleon is to form the basis of the new legislation ;
but the laws of other countries are also carefully
examined, with a view to render the work of the,
Commission more complete.

RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.
MESSRS. LAMOND and Co., RAILWAY
%HARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and
to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c.
take place every TUESDAY and Fittnay, at One o'clock, at the
Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
avours, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectfully
equestedto be addressed.

All Scrip and Share -Certificates must be deposited, the day
3revious to their being offered ; and advices of results will be
orwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceeds Name-
Aately disposed of according to instn:ctions.
Offices, Hall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London.

fHI WEATHEIL—SUN OFFICE, DECEMBER 27.
lERNOMETER, Lowest, 30; Highest, 35; Noon, 36,
BAROMETER, 30.45.—Wirm E., fine.

DECEMBER 28.

raERMOMETEIt, Lowest, 25; Highest. 38 ; Noon, 32,
BAROMETER, 30.53.—W1ND S.W., foggy.

WATER AT I.ONDON-1113.11,t41,. Tills L.
:tfOrning .. 1 minute after 10. Evening .. 40 minutes after 10.

The accounts brought from Lisbon, by the
Scourge steamer, just arrived at Portsmouth, are to
the 14th. At that date SCUWALBACK had advanced
against St. Übes, which had been evacuated twelve
hours before his arrival, by the guerillas' of DAS ANTAS
—their avowed tactics being to wear out the QUEEN'S
troops, by harassing them, and to avoid coming to
action if possible. In their retreat the guerillas were
joined by nearly the whole of the men forcibly en-
rolled by the QUEEN'S Government as " St. Übes'
Chartist Volunteers." During the occupation of St.
Übes the guerillas behaved exceedingly well, and
manifested no disposition to annoy either foreigners
or natives residing in the town. Nothing further
has been heard at Lisbon as to the rumoured
defeat of LA PA by BOMFIM. The last ac-
counts represent Bommm as being at Alcobaca and
LAPA at Pombal ; with the Coimbra in,,urgents and
VILLA REAL'S guerillas in front and BOAIFIM'S 2,000
men in his rear. The Marquis of LOULE, at Coimbra,
had 4,ooo:men and, 14 pieces of cannon with him.
CASA L was advancing against Oporto, and it was said
that DAs ANTAs, leaving 2,000 men to garrison
Santarem, had marched to its relief.

SECOND EDITION.

Madrid papers to the 20th have arrived.
It appears that the Ministerial crisis is over for the
present, and that the Ministry will bold together
until the meeting of the Cortes, when, it is not im-
probable, that an attempt will he made by Senor
PAC EIECO to- form a new Cabinet. The Clamor Publico
states that he has been consulted by the QUEEN On
the subject. General RoNcar,r, it is said, will be the
new Governor of Cuba, and General VILLALONGA
has been dispatched to the frontiers of Portugal; he
is accompanied by his staff and by two squadrons of
Lancers.

The Eco del Comereio announces that the notori-
ous ALBERNI, upon whose denunciations General
PRIM was arrested and banished, has, in his turn,
been arrested and imprisoned, but upon what charge
is not stated. The same journal, alluding to the
report that the Minitry has held a discussion on the
means of preventing M. OLozAGA from taking his
seat in the Chamber of Deputies, observes that the
hatred of the Court and of the Ministry to this gen-
tletnan is no ground for trampling upon the law,
which opposes no barrier to his performing the duties
entrusted to him by the electors.

MADRID BOLSA, DEC. 19.—The Three per Centg,
34 ; paper 331 15-16 cash ; the Four per Cents., 21;
Five per Cants., 21 ; Exchange on London, 36g.

We have received the Paris papers of Friday and
Saturday.
The Presse of Friday has a long article on the
subject of the English alliance, which, of course, is
filled with abuse of this country. Our readers will
recollect, that one day last week, the National was
seized by the Government officers. It now appears
that the article on the recal of M. BARBET DE JOUY
from the Mauritius, was the one which was con-
sidered as seditious. On this subject, the National
has the following ;
" The responsible editor of the National having ap-
peared yesterday before M. St. Didier, the Judge of
Instruction, we at length know what caused our seizure
the other day. We, who declared that we knew nothing
about the matter, were, it appears, covered with crimes!
H. Hebert has, however, had the extreme kindness to
take up only three In a rather short article ; but, if
he had thought fit to look closely, he could have found
several others quite as monstrous as those of which
we are accused. The following are the three enormi-
ties committed by us, without our being aware of it ;
1, Offence against the Ring's person; 2, Assigning to
the King the responsibility of the acts of his government;
3, Adhesion to another forth of government. It is evi-
dent that if M. Hebert did not hcUuse tis of exciting to
hatred and contempt, of provoking to overturn--pro-
yoking without the proposed effect being carried into
execution—t.nd three ct fogt dtfet?de3; the
reason is that he is a good-natured person, and that he has a secret kindness for the National. As the public is
the first judge of press offences, we would willingly
take for arbitrators in our case, not our friends, but our
daily adversaries. The &bats, for instance, discussed
one of the articles of the number that was seized. Had
it by chance discovered, we should like to know, in that
article or elsewhere, the three offences specified above?
What was the subject treated of in the article? We had
been reproached with having opposed the policy of the
Cabinet with respect to Spain, and of having maintained
that this marriage having broken the English alliance, it
was desired to re establish it at the price of the most
shameful concessions. The punishment which fell on
fair Consul at the Mauritius, at the haughty injunction
of Lord Palmerston, was a first justification of our
views. We showed all the weakness and cowardice that
existed in that precipitate reparation accorded by M.
Guizot, at the expense of a public functionary represent-
ing our country, and who bad bitneelf besn gravely
insulted. We were entitled to draw the conclusion
that Lord Palmerston was seeking for all occasions
to annoy the dsp!omatic agents of France, and that
Gnizot, following a wretched system, was receiving
the law from England now that she was in bad
humour, just as he had received it from her when our
ally. But is it M. Guizot alone who serves as an instru-
ment to this system ? Ile once overturned, would France
resume her full freedom of action, the authority of her
power, and that firm attitude which imposes respect
even on those persons whose sympathies she does not ob-
tain ? What matters the absence of this secondary
idea, if the general and superior idea still lords it over
public affairs, and maintains the policy of the Govern-
ment in that order of ideas and effects in which
it has been so lung dragging on ? It is not, there-
fore, any particular man or men that ought to be at-
tacked, but the ideas, the direction, the ensemble of
the polier---,i4 § ward, the system itself. This system,

_le new Ambassador of France in Swifterlard>
Count DE BOIS LE COMTE, presented his credentials
on the 16th to Dr. ZEHNDEE3 President of. the Fe-
deral Directory. The Ambassador has notified his
arrival in Switzerland Iv the following letter, dated
the 19th, addre3.Q-,a to the President and Executive
iCouncil of ;erne. A. similar letter has been sent to
the <tier Cantons:—
" Gentlemen,— The Ring, my august Sovereign, hav-
ing deigned to name me Ambassador to the Helvetic
Confederation, I have the honour to inform you that
I presented, on the 16th of the present month to their
Excellencies the Burgomasters and Council of the
Canton of Zurich, the Federal Directory, his Ma-
jesty's letters, accrediting me with the Confede-
ration, and with each of its cantons in particular.
As the organ of the King's sentiments towards Swit-
zerland, I am well pleased, gentlemen, to assure you of
the care which I shall bestow in keeping up with the
Government of Berne the intercourse of union and
friendship so happily established between the two coun -
tries ; and you can reckon on my very anxious desire to
contribute as far as I can to the success of such matters
as concern the Helvetic Confederation, and particular])
of those more directly interesting your canton. I seize
with pleasure the first occasion to offer you, Messieurs.
the assurance of my profound respect,
COUNT DE BOIS LE COMTE.

'ARE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 28,
_1846.

being detestable, selfish, and anti-national. is com-
batted by a constant opposition in the Chambers,
in the press, amongst the electors, in the muni-
cipal councils, in the National Guard ; wherever, in fact,
a more popular sentiment animates men's hearts—wher-
ever it is desired that the Revolution of July should not
be lost in a wretched abortion. It is, therefore, the
sentiment that ought to be opposed and overturned, in
order to substitute a totally different order of ideas and
facts—another system of policy for that which we have
a right to declare not only narrow and insufficient, but
hostile to all the principles of the revolution, disastrous
to the country, and degradieg to its nationality. This
is what we desired to say, and what we said ; and this is
wlnit we now repeat ; because if discussion cannot go to
such a length, no discussion is possible. What was in-
criminated the other day, we have written a thousand
times, and heard a thousand times in the Chamber, and
there is not a single Opposition journal that is not as guilty
as we. But do our readers wish to know what M. Hebert
pretends ? He says that the system is the King—that
to say that the system is odious is to offend the King's
person—to declare that the system ought to be attacked
and thrown down, is to say that the King ought to be
overturned—and that is, besides, to adhere to another
form of Government ! This pretension of M. Hebert
does appear to us at least strange, and we complain in
particular that it supposes that we do not know how to
write our language. The King is not a system ; the
term system is necessarily a collective term ; if we, by
chance, attacked the system of the law- officers of the
Crown, relative to the press, that would not mean that
we attacked M. Hebert personally ; and if we offend& d
against that system, M. Hebert would not be entitled to
consider himself ample enough to take the offence to
himself alone."
On the subject of the recal of M. BARBET DE JOUT
we find the following sensible observations in the
Epoque, and we believe the version of the affair here
given to ba the correct one :
" Our readers will remember that we were the first to
give details on the affair of M. Barbet de Jouy, the
French Consul at the Mauritius. The particulars since
received have made no change in our statements, and,
consequently, we have but little occasion to answer the
Opposition journals, who have treated the removal of
the Consul to another post as an act of culpable weak-
ness. It is already known that M. Barbet de Jouy did not
pay the visit to Admiral Dacres on his arrival at the
island, although such was the clear and formal rule of
etiquette. The officers of the English frigate, vs hich bore
the Admiral's flag, gave a ball, and sent an invitation to
the Consul. Atter waiting 24 hours in the expectation
that M. Barbet de Jouy would perform some act of po-
liteness to the Admiral, either by a personal visit or by
letter, two officers went to his residence and withdrew. the
invitation ; whereupon our Consul, who had not yet had
any intercourse with ACmiral Dacres, wrote the letter
which has been the sole cause of his removal. It has
been said that there were anterior circumstances at
which M. Barbet de Joisy took offence, and which in-
duced him net to make the official visit due from him.
We admit this; we even admit that the Consul felt
sensibly the withdrawal of the invitation he had re-
ceived; and regretting these coolnesses, which are inju-
rious to public affairs, we could have well conceived that
M. Barbet de Jouy, if he had reason to believe that he
was in the right, should have laid an explanation before
Admiral llacres with all possible dignity and firmness.
Unfortunately he did not do this. Instead of a firm and
consistent letter, he addressed to the Admiral one filled
with insults. Instead of maintaining his rights as Consul,
he personally provoked the Admiral in terms unworthy
of them both; insomuch that two men between whom
such a letter has passed could not meet without collaring
each other, or cutting each other's throats. M. Barbet
de Joey, therefore, has been wanting in due discretion.
Some may believe him to have been only firm; these are
in error, for we think he entirely forgot himself, and are
fully convinced that he now regrets the exprcs,ions he
wed, which were inconsistent with his character as
much as with the character of an Admiral. After
having written such a letter, M. Barbet de Jouy could
no longer remain at the Mauritius without
exposing himself to circumstances which must
have brought on a personal conflict. He seems
to have felt this himself, from his retiring to the
Island of Bourbon. What could the Government do in
such a case? Support its agent? Impossible !
No official or private intercourse could exist between
him and the English authorities. It, therefore, became
necessary to remove him to another post. We have
reason to believe that in this instance Lord Palmerston
has been more moderate than could have been expected
from his reputation and situation, and that Lord Aber-
deen could not have conducted himself otherwise. We
cannot sufficiently repeat that Governments ought never
to hold themselves engaged, without examination, by the
acts of its agents, and that a dispute about etiquette
passing at a distance of 4,000 miles never can affect the
general situation of Europe. France is governed by her
King and Chambers, and these great powers cannot
always be guiding Consuls in leading-strings. Let their
agents be energetically supported when they are in the
right ; this is indispensable ; but they must repudiate
their acts when they are in the wrong."
The Constitutionnel, after long hesitating between
the free-traders and the monopolists, has at length
taken its stand as the champion of monopoly. The
Journal des Debats, on the contrary, has declared
itself the advocate of free-trade principles, but in so
doing, it states expressly that it is not to be under-
stood as speaking the sentiments of the Government,
which is not to be considered as at all pledged to
free-trade principles, because it has authorised the
existence of the Association des Libres Exchangistes,
its only object in such authorisation being to enable
each party to discuss their principles before the
public. It is, however, satisfactory to know that it is
the intention of the French Government to modify
the Customs' tariff. The following is the article of
the Debate

The question of the Customs' tariff excites at this
moment a certain degree of interest in the country. LA
report is in circulation that the Government was
preparing to revive a tariff the principal provisions of
which date back as far as 1822, or even as the imperial
d trees of those of the Convention. Nothing inure
could be necessary than this to cause a real or factitious
alarm to spread through many of the manufacturing.
centres. Nothing couid be, however, more natural,
than the belief that a regime which might have been
good when our manufactures were in their infancy would
not be suitable now that such admirable progress has
been made, and that the perfec:ion of our products is
so striking; nothing can be more simple than to admit,
when one has been enlightened by long experience,
what certain exaggerations costs the country—the
producer as well as the consumer. The Government
might, therefore, in conscience think that the time was
come to revise the customs' tariff, without any one being
surprised or moved at it. But what foundation is there
for the supposition that the new customs law will
be subversive, and that the Government contemplates
sinister projects against our manufacturing interests ?
Up to this time the customs laws which the present
Government hive proposed have not been rash ones.
Many persons who support the Ministry have even found
that they rather tend to a contrary excess, and have
declared their opinion that they appear too timid. If
the Ministry, which is not fond of adventurous conduct
of any kind, were to propose a hazardous customs'
tariff. the Chambers have the remedy in their hands.
Those who in 1845 voted, for the benefit of what was
called national labour, the exorbitant duties which
now press on oleaginous seeds, are still very numerous in
the elective Chamber, and those who with success in 1841
and 1842 made their deplorable levy of bucklers against
the Belgian union do not appear to have lost any of their
energy. But, it is said, an association is formed, the name
of which alone indicates an object hostile to national la-
bour, it loudly demands freedom of trade. It wishes to throw
down the barriers behind which French industry has
hitherto found protection. It is true that a free-trade
association exists ; but what is there in common betwen
that society and the Government? Why should the
latter be responsible for the creed of the former? As
far as we have been well informed up to this time, the
formal demands of the association have nothing in them
to give uneasiness to the manufacturing interests. It
has, in fact, appeared to confine itself to pointing out
freedom of commerce as an object to be attained with
time, and under the reserve of fiscal rights which may
be indefinitely maintained ; this proposition has nothing
dangerous in it. It has maintained that the moment
was come to take a step in advance towards commercial
liberty, by lowering and simplifying the tariff. In this
it has only repeated what many before it has thought
and said. But is it the free-trade association which
has inspired the Government with the idea
of the proposed changes ? Why should it not be as
well the rival association, quite as well authorised, which
has taken the name of the defence of national labour?
But what would be more menacing than the chimerical
project of overthrowing our commercial and manufac-
turing. system, by a sudden transition from the protec-
tive system to that of free. trade, would be an attempt
to prevent the Government from introducing a moderate
and wise Bill. If there is any danger which at this mo-
ment requires consideration, it is that, under pretence
of opposing what are disdainfully called theories, a great
effort is made to patronize a barbarous and impracticable
theory of commercial isolation; it is that, with the ap-
parent object of guarding against an imaginary evil,
some interests abusing their privilege should weigh in
the balance in order to paralyse some of our most pre-
cious liberties, and to intimidate functionaries, private
individuals, and the Government itself."
The Constitutional says, " We are assured that M.
GulzoT intends, on the day following the opening of
the session of the Chambers, which is fixed for the
11th, to lay on the bureau of the Deputies the diplo-
matic correspondence that has taken place on the sub-
ject of the Spanish marriages. If the Chamber of
Peers should discuss its address within the three or
four days following the opening of the session, M.
GuizoT will be able to explain himself publicly before
the English Parliament meets on the 19th."

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