The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-17 00:00:00

Sovereigns in Germany, immediately after the battles
of Ligny and Waterloo, remonstrated even then with
the enfranchised people of the west. " Have nations,''
he exclaimed,

" Conquered to make one submit,
Or leagued to teach all kings true sovereignty

He recognised the fallacy of those hopes, and the
credulity of those anticipations which were based
upon the possible amelioration of the sorrows of
that portion of mankind already under the domi-
nion or within the reach of the northern con •
federates. In the rapture of his poetical improvisa-
tion he foresaw the future miseries which would
result from this delusion. He prophesied the in-
trigues of the Galician insurrection by a hint, and the
seizure of Cracow by an inuendo. " Shall we," h•
cried—

" Shall we who struck the Lion down, shall we
Pay the Wolf homage. proffering lowly gaze
And servile knees to thrones ?"

Never was so dismal a vaticination so mournfully
realised. The Duchy of Warsaw has disappeared,
even the Cracovians have lost their miniature inde-
pendence. From Carpathia to the Baltic, from the
Oder to the Borysthenes, the land of CASIMIR has
been portioned out to the surrounding tyrants.
Twenty millions of people—of an enlightened,
generous, noble-hearted, virtuous, and warlike race—
have degenerated into the serfs of Austria, of Russia,
and of Prussia. The rapacity of one horrible century
has been consummated by a lying proclamation and
an imperial theft.

We are rejoiced to observe the depth. .31- indignation
with which the annexation of Cracow is regarded by
the people of England. It is a solace, while the tem-
porising Cabinet of France is insinuating her dis-
pleasure to Prince METTERNICH, instead of
commissioning M. DE FLAHAUT to give ex-
pression to a bold and manly wrath, it is
a pleasure to behold something like a loyalty to
freedom in England. The meeting which was held
last night in the National Hall, Holborn, is only, we
believe, a preliminary expression of sympathy to the
Poles. In the chairman, Dr. BOWRING, M.P.,
there was an enthusiasm which could not but
prove contagious among the most phlegmatic
auditory ; but this enthusiasm was nevertheless cor-
rected by his judgment. The meeting over which he
presided was not convened, as one of the speakers
observed, for the purpose of instigating the Poles " to
engage In any rash attempt to regain their nation-
ality." It was convened for the purpose of en-
abling the lovers of liberty and civilization
to express their execration for the spirit of northern
despotism. In the crusade which must inevitably
arise out of the avarice of that baleful despotism, the
free millions of Western Europe will not so much
aspire after the restoration of two hundred
thousand souls to independence as the re-
storation of nationality to twenty millions.
The sympathy of the west extends beyond
the boundaries of Cracow, it embraces the whole
territories of Poland. " Yet," said Dr. BowRING,
" I cannot but feel that liberty and civilisation owe
some debts to Cracow. I cannot forget that Cracow
was the seat of the first university founded in
northern continental Europe. I cannot forget that
Cracow was the place where the first Polish press
was established. I cannot forget that from Cracow
emanated one of the noblest declarations ever made in
favour of universal religious liberty. I cannot forget
that Cracow was the place where the ancient monarchs
of Poland were crowned, and where theirremains still

repose. I cannot forget that with Cracow is asso-
ciated the name of COPERNICUS ; and that in that city
are deposited the remains of CASIMIR, of SOBIESKI,
of POMATOWSKI, and of Kosclusito." While these
things are remembered the abused Poles cannot want
sympathy. The doom of Poland can only be sealed
when they are forgotten.

In another column will be found a letter from Dr.
MILLINGEN, dated December 12, commenting on an
article which appeared in our columns on the 20th of
November, on the subject of the law of lunacy, in
which we adverted to the cases of Mrs. CUMMING and
Mrs. SAUTTLEWORTH, as illustrative of the necessity
of such an alteration in that law: as should make a
coroner's warrant, founded upon the verdict of a
jury, necessary to authorise the incarceration by the
keeper of any lunatic asylum of any person alleged
to be of insane mind. In connexion with these cases
we mentioned, incidentally, the name of Dr. MILLIN
GEN, the proprietor of the asylum in which Mrs
CUMMING and Mrs. SHUTTLEWORTH were confined,
and this incidental mention of his name, Dr. MILLEN-
GEN stigmatises as an "unjustifiable attack upon him."
The readers of The Sun will be surprised to hear such
an accusation brought against us, because in attacking
abuses it has always been our rule to cautiously ab-
stain from attacking the private character of those
interested in upholding such abuses. But the public
conduct of public men is, it is universally admitted,
a fair subject for comment. In the year
.1826 the
late Mr. ABERNETHY applied to Lord Chancellor
ELDON to grant an injunction to restrain Mr.
\Yam.Er from publishing reports of the surgical
lectures which Mr. ABERNETHY was in the habit of
delivering
Bartholomew's Hospital. Mr.
`BARLEY,
in at
moving St.
to dissolve the injunction,
showed that the College of Surgeons refused
to receive certificates of attendance on sur-
gical lectures, except such lectures were delivered
by surgeons to hospitals, and contended that as Mr.
ABERNETHY was a surgeon to, an hospital, and had
thus conferred upon him the privilege from which others
were excluded, of delivering lectures, certificates of
which were received by the College of Surgeons, the
public, which had conferred upon him that privilege,
had a right to know exactly how he had performed
his duties. Lord ELDON admitted the force of the
argument, and dissolved theinjunction, and in giving
judgment in that case he laid down ;the broad prin-
ciple, which has never since been controverted,
that, wherever the law confers certain exclu-
sive privileges upon certain classes of per-
sons, the public has a right to inquire into
the manner into which such privileged persons per-
form their duties. Now, the law gives to certain
persons licensed by the Commissioners of Lunacy
the power of keeping lunatic asylums, to the exclu-
sion of the rest of her MAJESTY'S subjects ; and, taking
our stand upon the judgment of Lord ELuorr, in the
case of " ABERNETHY C. WARLEY," we claim for
the public the right of inquiring into the manner in
which every licensed keeper of a lunatic asylum per-
forms his duties. We will now proceed to "the
unjustifiable attack," and we will quote every sen
tence in which the name of Dr. MILLINGEN is men

tioned, or in which any allusion is made to him, and
we will call Dr. MILLINGEN himself as our witness
to the truth of everything-therein stated.
The following is the only passage in which the
name of Dr. MILLINGEN is mentioned :

" There was the case of Mrs. Cumming. The skil-
ful persons ' certified to her lunacy ; Dr. Millingen re-
ceived and incarcerated her. The Commissioners,
during their visits, never dreamed that she was not insane,
a commission de lunatico was issued against her, and yet
so soon as she consented to make a disposition of her pro-
perty in favour of those who had set the skilful per-
sons' in motion, the certificate of the skilful persons"
was thrown to the winds. Dr. Millingen was content to
accept the guarantee of Muter Barlow, and Mrs. Cum-
ming, who, according to the skilful persons' was
labouring under delusions, was at once set at liberty.
How comes it that the visitors did not discover the error
into which the 'skilful persons' had fallen? How:was
it that Dr. Millingen, one of the skilful persons' in
Mrs. Shuttleworth's
case, became so suddenly en-
lightened ?"

In Dr. AirwaliGEres version of this " attack," as
given in his letter, the passage is somewhat distorted,
but let that pass. Now r
JOT .aL it 4
ILLINGEN'S own
evidence in corroboration of our statement, in which,
according to Dr. MILLINGEN'S assertion, there is not
one syllable of truth. We imagine that Dr. MILLIN-
GEN will not deny that he received, and incarcerated,
or put under restraint, if he likes the phrase better—
at all events, deprived of her personal liberty, a certain
Mrs. CummlNG, and that he was authorised to do this

by the certificate of certain " skilful persons. Our
next assertion is, " The Commissioners, during their
visits, never dreamed that she was not insane." Our

witness, Dr. MILLINGEN,
-..- ....
(one of the Commissioners) was convinced that the
lady was of unsound mind, and, therefore, it is clear
justified that we were perfectlysays that Dr. PRITCHARD
in stating that the
Commissioners, during their visits, never dreamed
that she was not insane. "A commission de

lanalico," the article proceeds, " was issued against
her, and yet so soon as she consented to make a dis-

position of her property in favour of those who had
set the 'skilful persons' in motion, the certificate

of the 'skilful persons' was thrown to the winds."
What says Dr. MILLINGEN—

" sow, Sir, in the case of Mrs. Cumming, a proposal
was made by her counsel to the family, who, having ac-
ceded to it, directed me to discharge her ; and, although
convinced, as well as Sir Alexander Thomson, the ex-
perienced physician of Bedlam Hospital, the Surrey
Asylum, and consulting physician of the County Asylum
of Hanwell, and Dr. Pritchard, a physician of European
celebrity, that the lady was most decidedly of unsound
mind, as I could not declare that she was a dangerous
lunatic, she was accordingly discharged by her family."

We imputed to Dr. MILLINGEN no want
of skill, but we are not sorry that he mis-
understood our meaning, because it has drawn
from him an opinion which greatly strengthens
our case against the present law of lunacy,
and it is against the law, and the law only,
that we war. We have no desire to hurt the feelings
of Dr. MILLING EN, or of any other honourable man,
who, as a keeper of a lunatic asylum, is unfortunately
placed in such a position as to be coerced by the
present state of the law into doing that of which he
does not approve. We have here, then, the opinion
of Dr. MILLINGEN, that at the time Mrs. CUMMING
executed that deed of settlement she was of unsound
mind. Is that deed valid, if Mrs. CUMMING at the time
it was executed was really of unsound mind ? If
Master BARLOW really agreed with Dr. MILLINGEN
in opinion, if he felt convinced " that if the jury
had not been discharged by the arrange-
ment made on the proposal of the unfortunate
lady's own counsel, little doubt could be enter-
tained as to what would have been their verdict,"
surely an inquiry ought to be instituted to ascertain
what were the circumstances which induced Master
BARLOW to sanction that arrangement. Surely Dr.
MILLINGEN himself must admit that a state of the
law which gives a family power to place a person in
a lunatic asylum, and to withdraw such person from
such lunatic asylum at their own mere will and plea-
sure, is so open to abuse as to require alteration!
Our only knowledge of the case of Mrs. CUMMING is
derived from the report of the proceedings before
Master BARLOW, and from Dr. MILLINGEN'S letter.
We admit that everything was done in this case
strictly according to law. She was shut up as
insane; according to law—she was discharged
on executing a deed disposing of her property,
and discharged according to law. She is either sane
or insane ; if sane, she ought never to have been
shut up; if insane, she ought never to have been per-
mitted to execute a deed disposing of her property, as
the condition of her discharge; in fact, she ought not
to have been discharged at all. Yet she was shut up
according to law, she was discharged according to
law, her mind having undergone no alteration.
Therefore the law is bad, -and requires amend-
ment. As to the passage about the guarantee of
Master BARLOW (if Dr. MILLING EN will read it

again he will see that nothing was said about
the guarantee of Mrs. CUMMING, it is the mere state-
ment of a fact alleged in the report to have occurred
at the moment that Mrs. CUMMING was set at liberty.
It is there writ down, that on the counsel for " the
family" declaring, in announcing the compromise,
that Mrs. CUMMING was at liberty to join her friends,
Dr. MILLINGEN demurred to the release of the lady be-
fore certain formalities should have been gone through,
whereupon MasterßAßLow interfered, and ordered her
immediate release on his own responsibility, guaran-
teeing Dr. MILLINGEN against all consequences,
should such release turn out to have been improperly
granted. This expression of opinion which we have
elicited from Dr. MILLINGEN, that at the time Mrs.
CUMMING was discharged she was of unsound mind, is
most important in another point of view. Dr. MIL-
LINGEN and Dr. PRITCHARD, " skilful persons," are of
opinion she was of unsound mind. Other equally
" skilful persons" were in attendance before the com-
mission to testify that in their opinion she
was not of unsound mind. The Master,
BARLOW, the lawyers on both sides, and the family
must also have been of opinion that she was not of
" unsound mind, and incapable of managing her own
affairs," or they would not have accepted from her, or
permitted her to execute any deed or document dis-
posing of her property. We have, therefore, on the
one side, the opinion of " skilful persons " that she is
of unsound mind, and on the other the opinion of
persons equally " skilful " that she is not of un-
sound mind. Now, how is it possible to
ascertain which set of " skilful persons "
is right, except by calling upon each of the " skilful
persons" to state that which Lord DENstAx,says it is
monstrous to expect a "skilful person " should be
called upon to state, viz.—" all the particulars upon
which such skilful person grounds his opinion," and
this brings us to Dr. MILLINGEN'S exposition of the
law of lunacy, as laid down by Lord DENMAN. We
find, however, that our observations on this case of
Mrs. CUMMING have extended to such a length, that
we must defer our review of " MILLINGEN upon
DENMAN" until to-morrow.

We stated yesterday, in reference to our grand
ury system, that it would be most unadvisable to
countenance, in any degree, the proposition for
abolishing this ancient institution till other adminis-
trative improvements in the law had been first
effected. We have shown, on more than one occa-
sion, how the subject may be harassed and injured,
both in his reputation and liberty, by being committed
to take his trial, which frequently would never befal
him, were the magistrate, who first hears and de-
cides upon the case, fitted for his functions by pro-
fessional acquirements. If the accused, conscious of
his innocence, should experience the bitter disappoint-
ment of finding that the magistrate has taken an
erroneous, or prejudiced view of the complaint pre-
ferred against him, to what tribunal does he next
bend his anxious thoughts, to save him from the de-
gradation which his feelings naturally engender at
the idea of appearing in a criminal dock in open court ?
To a grand jury of his countrymen. It is very
well to observe, that every man is considered inno-
cent till he is found guilty. So says the law ; but so
thinks not always the world, which is not over nice,
nor over charitable, in its opinions or conclusions. It is
against human nature to suppose that any innocent
person, unhappily committed by the magistrate, does not
inwardly bless his country for the hope it affords him
that, by the intervening institution of the grand jury,
he may be rescued from the lowering position of
being seen in a dock, where the worst felons are
placed, and frequently only leave it to expiate their
crimes on the neighbouring gallows. That this hope
has not illumined in vain the breast of many an
honourable being, may be presumed from the number
of bills that are ignored. It may very well be that,
in this way, from a variety of causes—collusion,
tampering with witnesses, &c.—many guilty escape,
at the same time that the innocent are freed from further
persecution. It is in this latter respect that we set a
peculiar value upon the continuance of the grand jury
system. It still operates as a shield to guard the ho-
nour and reputation of our fellow-men. Our ances-
tors highly prized this institution from the very ear-
liest times, for the protection it afforded them against
the dread power of the Crown on the one side, and
the malicious persecution of powerful enemies on the
other, who sought to warp the machinery of the law
to the gratification of their avarice, animosity, or any
other dominant passion. The judges of old knew
well enough the popular check which grand juries
could interpose between the Sovereign and his
minions, and weak and oppressed subjects, when,
from the very seat of justice itself they endeavoured
by the use of the King's name, to awe the grand
jury into finding true bills. It is true that
the judges are not now as they were then,
servile creatures, and dependent upon the pleasure of
the Crown for the tenure of their high offices. But
the magistrates, who first commit prisoners, hold
their commissions only at the will of the Sovereign,
and at every demise of the Crown there is a fresh
commission of the peace made out, when the former
magistrates may be included or not, as the advisers of
the King may deem best. Law officers, of every
description, should be so cho3en and appointed, that
the public may have the best guarantee which human
wisdom can suggest against any malverzation of
power in troublous as well as in peaceable times.
Looking, then, to the mode in which ma-
gistrates are appointed, to their frequent way ward-
ness, their notorious incompetency as a body,
the necessary consequence of their legal ignorance,
to their great power, to the futility of attempting to
obtain any redress for the injuries that arise out of
their grievous errors—we should deeply lament to
witness the abolition of the venerable and venerated

institution of the grand jury. That this system has

its imperfections, like other human inventions, we do
not conceal ; but it is one thing to amend, and another
to destroy. The former, arid not the latter, is the
spirit in which we should seek to free the grand jury
institution from the slender objections to which time
has laid it open ; but certainly we would guard it, in
every way, as it is, till our magisterial system shall
have been first thoroughly remodelled.

We have received the Paris papers of Tuesday.
On the morning of that day the Bey of TUNIS left
Paris for Toulon, on his return to Tunis.

These papers state that the Alinisty have determined
to adopt a totally new plan for the Government of
Algeria, the object of which is to provide more effec-
tually for the safety of colonists, so as to induce them
to settle in the country. All the great military estab-
lishments are to be removed into the interior, instead
of being located on the coast, as at present. The
Governor-General, with his staff and the whole of
the military administration, will be removed from
Algiers to Aledeah, which is to be their station for
the future.

The Governor of Oran, together with his staff and
military establishment, will henceforth be stationed
at Alascarah. The Governor of Constantina will also
be removed into the interior, but no town has as yet
been fixed upon as his location.
The mails from Germany and Spain had not ar-
rived in Paris on Tuesday.

BOURSE—PARIS, TUESDAY.
THREE O'CLOCK.—The firmness manifested for some days
back has continued to-day, and the French Rentes are
again higher. The Three per Crnts. opened at 81f. 30c.,
and after some variations, during which they touched
elf. 10c., they closed at the opening price. After the Bourse
they were done at 81f, 35c. Railway Shares were
exceedingly firm, and are somewhat better. This
being the reponse des primes for the half-monthly settlement
for the railway market, almost all the primes were taken up.
The continuations are moderate, though decidedly higher
than for some settlements past. With the exception of
Paris and Orleans at 2f. 25c. to lf. 75c., Rouen at It. 75c.
to lf. 50c., and Avignon to Marseilles at If. 50e. to If. 25c.,
the continuations for the other lines are below If. Nothing
was done in Spanish. For the Account, the French Three
per Cents. have risen sc. Five per Cents. 20c. Loan not
quoted. For Money the Three per Cents, are unchanged.
Five per Cents. have fallen 25c. Loan not quoted. Gouin
Bank 1,0001. Shares, Belgian Bank Shares, Roman, and
Rothschild's Receipts, are all unchanged, the latter being
102 f. 55c. Neapolitan Bonds and Portuguese Five per Cents.
not quoted. Exchange on London (thirty days), 25f. 45c.;
ditto (Linety days), 25f. 30c. Railway Shares for the Ac-
count, settling of Dec. 16:—St. Germain, Avignon to Mar-
seilles, Rouen to Havre, and Orleans to Vierzon, having risen
sf. each; Rouen,3t. 75c., Paris to Orleans, Versailles (Right
Bank), Strasburg, Northern, and Orleans to Bordeaux,
2t. 50c. each ; Boulogne, If. 25c.; Nantes, Lyons, and Ver-
sailles (Left Bank), are unaltered. For Money, Rouen
have risen 10f.; Northern, 7f. 50c.; Versailles (Left Bank),
3f. 75c.; Orleans to Bordeaux, Strasbourg, and Nantes,
2f. 50c. each. Lyons are unvaried. Paris to Orleans have
fallen 2f. 50c.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DECEMBER 16.
Luxembourg, :4—Northern of France Constituted, 10%
—Paris and Lyons Constituted, 51, ex d..—Rouen and
Havre, 25%—Tuurnay, Jurbise, Landen, and llasselt, 5%0.

THE: DREADFUL FIRE AT
SALONICHI.
FURTHER PARTICULARS.
The following particulars are furnished by the Impar.
tial of Smyrna, of Me dreadful fire at Salonichi,
Macedonia :

A dreadful catastrophe has just plunged our city in
despair, and reduced an immense number of the inha
bitants to
,the utmost distress. Fire, that frightful
scourge which has so often and so cruelly visited us, has
again spread its ravages in the midst of our population.
No exertions were able to check it. The day before
yesterday (Tuesday), at eight o'clock in the morning, a
gun fired from the fortress gave the alarm, but at that
time, in broad daylight, but few persons entertained any
serious apprehensions. Who could foresee what has
happened ? The fire had begun in the Jew's quarter, in
a small bazaar situated between the palace and the
mosque of St. Sophia. The fire had broken out in a
small old house, the proprietor of which was absent.
In an instant the surrounding habitations were enve-
loped in flames, and when the fire-engines arrived the
devastation had already spread to a fearful extent, the
furions wind, which increased to a hurricane, spread the
devouring element.
Yacoub Pacha and the beys of the surrounding country
were the first to come to the scene of disaster. The
houses passed away, the men were exhausted with
fatigue, and a want of water was experienced, and
unhappily the cold was intense. Turks and Christians
were praying in the mosques and the distant churches,
but the fire, far from decreasing, became every moment
more furious, and was burning in four or five quarters
at once. The crew of the Ottoman brig and that of
the steam-boat, the artillerymen, &c., laboured in demo-
lishing some houses, which was the only chance of
setting a limit, as far as possible, to the extent of the
fire. At length the wind abated, at nine o'cloek in the
evening, and the workmen succeeded in extinguishing
the flames, which had raged- with the utmost fury fo►
some time. 860 houses are destroyed, among which
there are only about 20 Greek houses near St. Sophia
and St. Elerupa, 1500 families are homeless.
The misfortune has fallen this time on the lower classes;
most happily the merchants have been spared; and have
been able to relieve the most urgent wants of the poor
sufferers. The day after the disaster a committee,
composed of the most respectable merchants, was
formed, and made an eloquent appeal to the public bone.
volence. In one day 70,000 piastres were subscribed ;
but however great public charity may be, it can afford
but slight relief to so much misery. We there!orn
appeal with confidence to the other cities of the empire,
and to foreign countries, in favour of our unhappy
population.
The committee having waited on the Governor, he
promised that two large camps should be furnished for
four days with bread and fuel, at his expense, and his
Excellency further promised to do for them in the sequel.
The members of the municipal council have subscribed
13,000 piastres. The Europeans, Greeks, Turks, and
Jews have all manifested a like sympathy and ardour in
relieving the urgent distress occasioned by this fearful
calamity.

THE CONDE DE MONTEMOLIN.
The Condo de Montemolin left his residence yester-
day, at half-past two o'clock, and preceeded to the Old
Bailey, where, according to invitation, he was received
by Mr. Sheriff Kennard and his attendants. The Conde
was conducted over the two prisons, in the management
and arrangements of which he expressed great interest.
Returning to the Old Bailey, the Conde de Montemolin
was invited to take his seat on the bench. The Conde
observed the proceedings with minute attention, and ad-
mired the mode of administering justice which they
exhibited.
At five o'clock the Lord Mayor, the judges, several of
the aldermen, and other gentlemen, were presented in
the ante-room to the Conde de Montemolin, who was
accompanied by his Excellency the Marquis de Villa-
franca and Colonel Merry. The whole party then pro-
where a su.tiptuous banquet
pro-
ceeded to the dining room,
was served up. The cloth being removed, the
toast of " Church and Queen" was drunk with great
applause. " Prince Albert and the rest of the Royal
Family," and other loyal and patriotic toasts, having
been only honoured, the Lord Mayor proposed the
health of the Prince who was their illustrious guest.
To this toast the Conde de Montemolin replied in the
following terms:-
4. My Lord Mayor, my Lords, andGndenittl
ieminpeons, ible to
./ pray you to pardon me if, when 1 attempt to ex
press language, I find
feel.
~ ss
F myr all
country, and in my actual circum-
stances, speakr eafttrhhoa thanks kI s in y
my
stances, my heart is touched by the kind hospitality with
which a magnanimous people softens my misfortune.
Thankful to that people, and to the gracious hand that
rules them, I have heartily joined with you in drinking
the health of her Majesty the Queen Victoria whom
may God long preserve ,
.4 In a country whose institutions guarantee so surely
the observance of the laws, the rights of liberty, the
protection of arts, of industry, and of commerce (and as
such I admire and respect it), I hope I may, in this pre-
sence at least, afford myself the gratification of propos-
ing the Health of the Lord Mayor, the Sheriffs, the
Aldermen, and Corporation of the- city of London, and
of the Learned Judges of the realm.'
At the conclusion of this speech the party separated
with every expression of mutual good feeling.
P--

ORTUGAL AND HER STREET.—lnsolvency has
,ong been associated with the name of Portugal, from
the Court of the former being situated in the street of
the latter. Now that the Portuguese are in a state of
bankruptcy, the location of the Insolvent Court in Por-
tugal-street appears singularly appropriate.—Punch.
SINGULAR DEATlL—Yesterday Mr. Mills held an
inquest at the Middlesex Hospital, on the body of Owen
Murray, an Irish labourer, formerly living at 11, Rus•
sell-place. It appeared, that deceased, while dining on
Sunday week, swallowed a piece of bone of considerable
size, and suffering much from the accident, became a
patient at Middlesex Hospital. The bone was found to
be fixed in the larynx, and on Monday last the inflamma-
tion and oppression of breathing increased, an 4 an ope-
ration was recommended ; but this he refused to un-
dergo, and died the same night. In consequence of in.
jurious, accusations made by some Irish friends of the
deceased against the hospital, the governors thought it
advisable to prove to the jury that the operation might
be performed with perfect safety, and a patient was
brought in who had met with a similar accident, and
having submitted to the operation was now doing we;l,
respiration being carried on through a silver tube inserted
into the larynx through an incision. The jury appeared
satisfied, and finally returned a verdict that " deceased
died from suffocation," caused as above described.
A regiment of rats, who had made choice of a stack
of corn upon the premises of Mr. Graham, of the Hos-
pital, near Penrith, for their winter quarters, were very
unceremoniously ejected from their well lined domicile
on Saturday week, by the servants of that gentleman.
There were ample outward and visible signs in the stack
that a lodgment had been made within by a numerous
and destructive company, and it was therefore deter-
mined to house it as the only means of getting rid of the
plunderers. This step having been decided on, all the
terrier dogs in the neighbourhood were accordingly
mustered in the stack-yard, and before the half-destroyed
pile had been removed, no less than 200 young rats, and
75 old ones, had been numbered with the dead I—Cum-
berland Pacquet.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THR.EL
The sales of Cotton at Liverpool yesterday were To'
,0 large, being 10,000 bales, 5,000 of which were on spates
lstion. The market was firm. There were
of American taken at sd. to 7d; 500 of Pernambuco an°,
Slaranham at 7d. to Bd.; 200 of Bahia at 8c1.; 600 of
Egyptian at ld. to 9d.; and 1,400 of Surat at 4id. to
5i d. per pound. Shares were rather heay. of
The intelligence received relative to the surrender
Tampico to the, United States forces has canoed wee:
7,000 b
anxiety among the merchants, the bondholder!.
and others connected with the trade with Or::
republic. Should, however, any treasure, the PrOe (;'f
of British capitalists and others, be taken possessien_,
by the invaders, a full and satisfactory account r
j;
undoubtedly be rendered to our Government• uP°lO
this score, therefore, very little apprehension oUgt .pg
exist, although serious delays may occur in
remittances.
The Cotton and Corn markets of the United Stag
appear to have been active, tied money was eawith* tser
doubt we shall do a good spring trades bo 0,
Jonathan in our principal manufactures for Pal P
went of his staples.
It is stated that--" The Atlantic and St'completed'
Railroad is fast progressing, and will, when
tie one of the most important and profitable roads
country-280 miles; and Portland is. in connexion.no
~he lakes, grasping the whole westerx trade. It irljte
ahead, with rapid strides, of Boston, and will °,O s
principal depot of the Atlantic steamers the
year or two. No city in the 111:11011 has 475
same natural advantages. New York is. Las s
miles from the lakes ; Boston, 525 ; Portlana
noble harbour, but three miles from the broad Atlef she
No pilots are required to enter or leave her port, anourioc
will undoubtedly become one of the most import,
so
commercial cities in the Union. The BosOnia
St it is
not willing to believe that this road will be m keeade, p
SO dead against the city of Boston, Tillie—h in
°
wide awake or be beaten." 00e;
The weather in the United States and Canada deo
cidedly wintry, and most of the shipping whic,hfireb:fore
to leave the latter country for England had le
the close of November.
We have received, in common with our contour
olio
the following extract relative to Customs' frauds fro
London Mercantile Journal : roost elc.
"We have this week to expose a fraud of a ere-
,_esest w
tensive character, committed in one a the 003panit
houses belonging to the St. Katherine's Decks • charges
by the connivance of the Custom's offi,ce'ssal° ,:
of that warehouse. We understand the e--° •
this 1111 d
which the revenue has been defrauded ihouse°
instance, to be between twenty and tbill
pounds. a beg ""
" Sugar is the article by which this frail:flinty this:
effected, and the way it has been done is Ir-deliver,
—Upon the presentation of warrants for the is the
of goods, to the Company's. clerks, 10sIter
he
practice to present the document te the.ust
on the premises, for him to certiff that
has received the necessary order
House that the duty has been paid, he,f°;:einstances,
livery is allowed to take place. In tn-r,s of t"-
the locker asserted that he was in rece'r 0 dal
' order' when such was not the cases, fired tbe
having been paid. The Dock Campany del;eo locite;r4
from tbe the de„
sugar, and, we presume, stands exonerated•
cunt in P.
has decamped with, we suppose, half the aln°ll;csaage
pocket, which may
tor a poor fellow whose duty commences at sibs issdieg
be considered not a bad en o,sloel‘
in the morning, who is the lickspittle of the
gods •
waiters and surveyors, with a salary of ninetY P°
year, without the chance of preferment. Jiggle
" Of course it will be supposed that this Ter./cooed
method of plundering wholesale was at once di,srbssaes'
by the fat, well-paid functionaries in 'sewer
bece
ld
street ; but oh I no for them it wee
remained —as we unhesitatingly say, r's/Plt
y ghee
as gross are at present—undiscovereo% brag";
was a among the actors whie' noes al*
this affair to light, and it is to similar differe_, of the
the public are mainly indebted for all they 10"
f the
frauds upon the Customs, and the Chancellor hare 0f
chequer, for all he may have received, in the
verdicts, from fraudulent traders." k ee"g
There was not a syllable said at the Ban ottes'
held this morning, relative to any alone *ll
tel'i that tbe
However, it is still the opinion of some peop 'sawed.
rate of interest on discounts, will shortly he,__lui.obabli
The profits of the Bank of England would u7se3s were
increased thereby, though a less extensive busty
done than at present. - t alteration.
The English securities have bees without alteration.
Consols are 931 1 for the January acec.)12,,,1t shape eir*
bills realise 10s. to 13s. premium► Cents, bring 954- 8'
The New Three-and-a-Quarter Pern`iek stock is 207. f
and the Three per Cents. 94 tot'' iseehases
The effect of one or two considerable p
Mexican stock made partially_
Mexican the 3s
counterbalanced by the intelligence s-q 3 to
of Tampico. The Bonds are nOW 37 to t
Portugte se Four per Cents. have been quotea at
d, .1;1s
Spanish have not been dealt in. Dutch Twceanu
per Cents. are 60-1 1. tO Ogch
yesterday bas been
Railway Shares are steady, although there is n
doing in them.

CAI.
orrE rail
PRICES OF DitrrlsH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. 20
dank, Stock 207 94,,,
3 per Cent. Reduced Anns 941 i 94 951
New 3,4 per Cent. Annuities 95%3/4 ...-
Italia Bonds, 1,0001
Ditto under 1,0001...
..,
South Sea Stock
Ditto New Annuities ... 933; 951
Consols for Opening 93 Ii `.i 15 P
Exchequer Bills, 1000/. 11%d.... 10 13 p 13 P
Ditto, 5001
Ditto, Small
CIPe.IS
oNE 01',S0
75
RILES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK
lexican, 5 per Cent. 1846 233/ 24
Ditto, Account . 23% % 24 ..--
811/1
Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent
87 4 37 37 40
au°, Account
Venezuela Bonds, 2 per Cent 4O
Dutch,D2i%vidpeenrdCs
ci,_ .94
i RICEb OF eonntth.e above payable in London. 60%
R tILWAY SHARES PAID. AT ONE SO/OLDOCIiit.... 11143
Aberdeen
.. ... ••••
Amber.. Nott., Boston, ....
and Eastern Junction 2%...... —. .. ........ •••••
Armagh, Coleraine, and
.......
Portrush IA - .......... .• ...•
Belfast & County Down 43/i — ........... •• ---
Birmingham and Dudley 421. ... •• .... • ..... ... ,
Biprmititno. aNnedw 7 Gleucester 100 - ..........
.. ••••• ON
Birminghamford Junctionand Ox-
1 1/2 —
2
9.:. ..............
--
Birkenhead, Lancashire, ........
and Cheshire June.... 231 — ........... ;
Boston, Stamfd, & Birm. 2254. — ................. 7
Bristol and Exeter 75
•• .....
....... ---
Ditto, New
Bristol and,Gloucerter 3O ...... ....... .. , diti.
Bristol and Liver. June 2% ........... l's 33/
.....„ .. ,
..... 2
Buckinghamshire
.......
t.:aledonian
Ditto Half Shares 2% 2% ...... ...
..
~..
.....
Ditto, Clydesdale Jane 25
Chester and Holyhead... 27% — .................
C:zuniet and Blythe 2
.......
Chester and Manchester 425.
Cheltenham and Oxford 2
.....
........
Clarence
...
....
Do. Ist Class, 6 per Ct. 10
......
Do. 2d Class, 5 per Ct. 10
..•
Do. Government Loan,
......... ...,
4 per Cent.
Cork and Killarney
........... ~. 170
Cork and Waterford
Cornwall
Ditto, Half Shares
...,
Direct Lincoln, East Bet- .. . ...•
ford, and Sheffd.Junc. 2% --• ............
Direct Northern
.......
Direct Norwich
Dublin and BelfastJunc. 12% — ••• ........
Dublin, Belfast, and
......
Coleraine
Dublin and Galway... .. 4
Dundalk & Enniskillen 10
Eastern Counties 141.16 s
Ditto New l2/. 16s
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, No. 1....... 6/. 13s. 4d —2llAl3/4:•PI:1:1.:::::::::::.:
Ditto ditto. No. 2... Gl. 13s. 4d — ............
Do., York Extension.. 2
EastDereh'm andNor'ch 1
Eastern Union 35
—"* ... ........ .•

Ditto,Quarter Shares 1.44 '—'''''''''''''''
Do. xten.(Harwich) •••••••
Do., Camb. and Ely.. VA.-- ...... .
....... ...
. '
East Lancashire
Ditto. New
5 ..........••••.

Do., do. (late Preston
and Ormskirk)... .. 5 — .......
Do., do., New Scrip... 114 —
East Lincolnshire ... • 234 ................
East & West of England 1% — .............
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50
Ditto Half Shares ... 10
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12% ....
Edinburgh & Northern.. 12% ........ ..
Edinburgh and Perth... 3
Elyand Huntingdon ... 12% — ................
Enniskillen and Sligo ... 2% — ..........
Exeter, Yeovil,& Dorset 5
Gaslgow, Dumfries, and
Carlisle
....
Glasgow,Kilrnar.,& Ayr 50
Ditto, New .. 15 ...... • • ....

~......• "

142

20
..0
5,‘

Do., 4 Shares (5 per ~- 2••
cent. guar.) ... ...... 12%.„ .............
Goole, Doncaster, &c... 2
Grand Union (Notting-
and Lynn
Great Eastern &Western 2% ....... .. "
Great South. and West.
Great AlNourentwisiter ....•
(Ireland)
:GirrrDDDeelaiaii
itittNoW:No rt h o f Engl a n d . .100
21
237 ..... ... ...... ..--4
of Scotland 2A... . . . ..... - ........ 237
Ditto, New .
Ditto 14eN5 SharesSteewhrallre s • • 5181005551% ................... .... ------ - ............................................................................. -
.5.
' .4.1
Ditto Fifths
....... ............... 6
Ditto, New ..... ... 2 ...... 6% ............. ....
Huddersfield & Manches. 13 ...... ............ " "....
Dit,o, Extension
Hull and Selby
1)0. Half Shares
Ditto Shares
14
Ipswich & Bury St. Edm. 2515 — •......
... .. 14°1
1°3% . ........
107
1 .
0 . ... -.-./
N .................. :
...
"--
...
............... "
tA
Do., do., and Norwich 2 ... . . . --
. . . ............ -
Lancaster and Carlisle... 50 ............... ......9i
Do. New
...• •••• ••
Leeds and Bradford
Leicester and Bedf3rd... 165......• •••••" ........ ~
Leeds, Dewsbury, &c.... 22% - •• ...... ...... '''''
Do., Branch (Blue) ... 2% — ...............
...,.....
Do.Extension(Green) 21 — ............
Leeds and Thirsk l7l/2...... ...... .... .......... .---
Ditto, New
Do., Prefer., 6 per Ct. 3% --• ..... ... ......