The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-06 00:00:00

Obvnins

LONDON, TUESDAY. OCTOBER 6, 1846.

Unless some marvellous and unexpected catas-
trophe transpires, and that immediately, the evil-
omened marriage of the Orleans Prince and the
Bourbon Princess will in reality be un fait accompli.
Whatever may subsequently be the consequences of
this calamitous alliance, the English Government will
have nocause for self-reproach ; the English protest will
be its historical palliation ; the English representatives
at the Tuileries and the Escurial will hare
acquitted themselves with a dignity, a delicacy, and
a discrimination befitting the responsibilities of their
office. When these occurrences can be no longer re-
garded as contemporary, but are matters of political
retrospect, the denial of the assertions of Senor
ISTURITZ, transmitted by Mr. IlErtair L. BULWER, in
a letter to General SERRANO, may be taken
as a sufficient testimony of the temperament
which then characterised the different Eu-
ropean Cabinets. Nothing but a most reprehen-
sible aptitude for the employment of Ministerial
hypocrisy could have enabled the leader of the
Spanish Administration so far to outstep the limits of
social propriety, as well as of Parliamentary discretion,
as to misrepresent the language uttered by a foreign
ambassador, and the sentiments entertained by a
friendly Government. Nothing but a most intense

tconviction bf the honesty of the power whose
11_194Wione he was deputed to transmit, and

'

of the magnitude of the resources at
the disposal of his Sovereign, could have capacitated
the British representative at Madrid to 1 en a contra-
diction combining so much of amenity with so little
of compromise or of superfluous conciliation. Upon
the spirit of the correspondence published in the
Clamor Publico might be decided tin relative can-
dour and secresy which have latterly distinguished
the peninsular and insular diplomacy.
Notwithstanding the decisive protest entered
against this marriage by Great Britain on interna-
tional and constitutional grounds, in open defiance of
the fundamental stipulations of the treaty of Utrecht,
and despite the unmistakeable dissatisfaction ex-
pressed by the population of the Spanish pro-
vinces, the melancholy (because ominous) cere-
monial is being precipitated by every
possible device. While the communication of Lord
NORMANDY is lying unanswered by M. GUIZOT, the
Dukes D'AUMALE and DE MONTPENSIER are passing
with an enormous escort from Bayonne to Vittoria,
and from Burgos to the capital. While no satisfac-
tory response is forwarded to the British Embassy by
the advisers of ISABELLA 11., the apartments of the
Count DE BRESSON are being elaborately decorated
for the reception of the bridegroom of the possible
Sovereign of the Spanish territories. Infinitely,
however, as the Afrancesados may be inclined to
congratulate themselves upon the apparently pro-
pitious consequences of their machinations, they must,
on mature consideration, acknowledge the un-
soundness of their present position, and
the probable evanescense of their existing
prosperity. While they may rejoice over
the patronising serenity with which the Duke of
VALENCIA watches their proceedings in the metro-
polis, have they not cause for trepidation in the sullen
tranquillity of the populace ? They demonstrate
their temporary puissance by mulcting a sum of
50,000 reals (5001.) from the Eco del Comercio, as a
penalty for the boldness of its language, but are there
not proclamations of a more incendiary character
flying about the valleys of the Pyrenees, calling
upon the Basques and Navarrese to rise in behalf
of the Count DE MONTEMOLIN ; adjuring them,
as they love their nationality, and as they pine
for the acknowledgment of their political rights, to de-
clare for that constitutional liberty which had been
previously lost by " the incautious, the credulous,
and the docile children of Biscay and Navarre," and
proclaiming to the ripened imaginations of the pea-
santry that " CHARLES VI. is no despot," that he is
no antagonist of progress, that he is, on the contrary,
desirous of insuring to his people the soundest civil
and municipal liberty. These Afrancesados may
rejoice in the contemplation of the success which has"
hitherto attended their wily undertakings ; but
while CHRISTINA and the Duke DR Run-
ZARES are tranquilly located in their palace,
are there not rumours of the appearance
of CARRERA in Valencia ? The cathedral porches
may be hung with damask tissue in anticipation of
the expected nuptials, the royal brides may be already
vesting themselves in their marital garments, and the
restricted amnesty by which the twin mar-
riages are to be commemorated may be al-
ready prepared for the sign-manual of her most
Catholic MAJESTY, but are there not prospects of the
Spanish people requiring themselves to be forced to
swallow the gilded bolus ? Do not the recent
emeutes in the Faubourg St. Antoine show that the
French Government may have its own internal embar-
rassments, for the Journal des Debats appears to have
considerable reason in conjecturing that the disturb-
ances have not originated in any scarcity of pro-
visions ? There is a hollowness about all these
Afrancesado arrangements which promises their
speedy subjugation. To say the very least of it, the
prosecution of the Montpensier marriage, in open
defiance of the British protest, is singularly indica-
tive of an anxiety on the part of the Gallic Adminis-
tration to splinter the entente cordiale. If there be
honour, and honesty, and security in the consumma-
tion of these proceedings, how is it that they have
been throughout characterised by so much secresy
and so much precipitation ? The proper response to
that inquiry would ensure to the Spanish people the
preservation of their nationality.

Another of a sheep which bled a little when its throat
was cut. It was therefore a nice article, and fetched
41d. per pound; others spoke of beasts killed just as
they were dying of the quarter evil, and sold at 3d.
and 3id., and of their being made ill by meat of that
description. This would appear a full corroboration
of Mr. OSBORNE, so far as the unwholesome meat was
concerned. That as to the wages was still more con-
clusive. One witness, WILLIAM BENNETT, had 7s.
a-week in harvest, and his wife, who received his
wages, never in any one year received much more
than 21. in money for his work, unless when'he had
been working for Mr. BLENNERHASSETT, who always
paid ready money. Another, WM. BUGLER, received
9s. per week for twenty-four days in the summer, and
but 7s. per week for the rest of the year, and had not
drawn as much as 21. in money in any' one year. It
is needless to go through the mass of evidence
brought forward, which clearly established that the
rate of wages was not understated, and that it was,
to say the least of it, expected that they would take
the greater portion of their wages in goods. AGRIPPA
GILL, when drawing money, was asked, by Mr.
BRAKE, why he did not take the wages out in goods,
that he might have them from him (Mr. BRAKE) as
well as from any one else, and called him "a ready-
money chap," which would not do for him (BRAKE). We
trust that all those interested in the welfare of the
peasantry will read, and attentively consider, the
whole of the evidence given, and say if it does not
establish the existence of a state of facts which should
not be sanctioned or tolerated in a Christian land, in a
civilised country. Something must be done to improve
the position of the laborious classes, to educate them so
that we may not in the nineteenth century hear of
such an absurd proceeding as master and man "going
TO HAT" on some trivial occasion, and of the belief
of the multitude that the person speaking falsely in
such a case would moat assuredly lose his sight. We
trust that Mr. OSBORNE will persevere in his useful
labours. A cure for the evils which he has so forcibly
depicted can only be obtained by the force of public
opinion, and that can only be excited by full publicity
being given to all similar grievances. We also hope
that the unfortunate persons who have been called as
witnesses may not be hardly dealt with !by their
masters for the answers they have conscientiously
given in an investigation challenged and demanded by
the farmers themselves.

Philosophy, as well as experience, from which it is
drawn, alike teach, that knowledge, both acquired and
prospective, must be considered as a whole. The
limited development of the faculties of the human
mind compels us, for our own convenience, and the
easier mastery over the materials of intelligence,
which a spirit of investigation, pursued in every
quarter of the world, daily discloses to our view, to
classify and arrange the various subjects that must be
assiduously prosecuted for the advancement of
general civilisation. It is immaterial what
science we first light upon, we are sure
to find, as we pursue its laws, that it is intimately
blended with another of a kindred character, however
remotely connected, if not altogether distinct, both
the one and the other might have appeared before the
subtleties of intelligence had rendered their connexion
manifest. If we begin with the study of geology,
we are naturally led to the influence of its
varied characteristics upon the herbs and fruits
of the earth ; by the differences of the latter,
we are drawn on to a consideration of the
dissimilar climates that prevail in opposite hemi-
spheres; and by this dissimilarity our minds are raised
to the contemplation of the marvellous science of astro-
nomy. Every species of knowledge, then, is but a part
of an entire whole, whereof the several properties
bear a close, though, for the time, an imperceptible
affinity. Thus, the more we know the more we

become sensible of how little we do know, and to the

truth of this a most beautiful homage was paid by
the great NEWTON himself. A spirit of selfishness
has turned a deaf ear to the sound dictates of philo-
sophy, and, in this way, avarice and ignorance com-
bined, have created and fostered,hateful monopolies
to the direct hindrance of the onward movement of
human progress. Happily, the schoolmaster is
abroad, and, in this enlightened age, we are con-
stantly witnessing that the foolish errors of our an-
cestors are being wisely and promptly repaired.
Monopoly is now all but razed to the ground. A
great social revolution is at hand.
We have read with unfeigned satisfaction the pro-
ceedings, on Thursday last, of the North Staffordshire
Agricultural Society, at Leek. The exhibition
answered the just expectation of its promoters. The
dinner was attended not only by the principal agri-
culturists and professional gentlemen, but likewise by
the leading manufacturers of the district. The
Earl of TALBOT presided. The advice that was
tendered, and the .liberal sentiments embodied in
the different speeches, reflect the highest honour
upon the company, and evince the peculiar
energy inherent in our countrymen whenever
it is fairly evoked by a peculiar crisis. It is
apparent that the agriculturists consider themselves
fairly put upon their mettle by the recent change in
the corn-laws, and that they will, as they ought,
eagerly pursue every method that can, and will, no
doubt, be yet further devised, to enable them to keep
up a free and honourable competition with the culti-
vators of foreign soils. Mr. GYBE expatiated with
considerable intelligence upon the general advantages
of diaining and stall-feeding. This gentleman's
lecture of last year upon the former topic has been
already, as vouched by the Noble Chairman,
productive of much good. The statistics he
offered are most interesting, and full of pro-
mise—to an extent, indeed, that must be quite
inspiriting to the hitherto despondent agricul-
turist. By the system of drainage he recommends
—which has been satisfactorily tested, and which is
to be regarded only as the commencement of a series
of agricultural improvements—there would result,
according to the least favourable calculation, an in-
crease of 10,000,000 quarters of the different kinds
of Frain now produced on the arable cultivated lands
of Great Britain, and twice as much more by
similarly draining the uncultivated lands ! Mr.
GYRE exhorted his hearers to stir up their energies,
and to exhibit no want of spirit, being convinced
that abundant fertility would crown liberal enter-
prise. Mr. ADDERLET, M.P., related an anecdote
which was warmly welcomed with all the propriety
of awakened conviction. " Not long ago," said Mr.
ADDERLEY, " I went with Mr. COBDEN over his ex-
tensive mill at Stockport. Mr. COBDEN showed me
all the machinery, and pointed out to me the many
improvements which lead been effected in almost
every department; then taking me into the suburbs,
he showed me a field overgrown with thistles, and
said, That's the state of your manufacture:—
(Cheers and laughter.) I have never since forgot the
hint."— (Renewed laughter.)
Nothing has tended more to retard improvements
connected with the soil than that miserable short-
sighted policy of landlords, in not giving leases to
their tenants of sufficient length to encourage them
to invest their capital on the land. This narrow-
minded spirit was, and, for the most part, is still
tenaciously clung to for the purpose of preserving
political power, and bolstering up their own sordid
interests. The evil has, however, recoiled upon the
ungenerous upholders of so obnoxious a system. The
staff of monopoly has been already wrenched out of
their hands, and they are now left to brace themselves
up to the dreaded task of competing with the growers
of foreign grains, under disadvantages to which they
would never have been subjected, had they acted upon
comprehensive and national, instead of petty and in.
dividual, views. Lord TALBOT spoke out upon this
subject with the becoming frankness, true fearless-
ness, and generous impulse of a thorough English
nobleman :
" I have always unreservedly given my opinion on
(rue important subject connected with agriculture—and
I have not been thanked for it by many—l mean the
subject of leases.—(llear, hoar.) No man in his senses
would expend his capital on a farm without having some
security for that capital coming back to himself or his
representatives.—(Tremendous cheers.) And I hero
publicly state, that if any tenant of mine will come to
me and ask me for a lease, I will grant him one.—(Loud
and long-continued cheering.) It is absurd—to use no
stronger term—to expect me to put my hand into my
pocket for money wherewith to speculate, without a fair
prospect of that money being returned."—(Cheers.)
The landlords of England must con over this lesson,
imitate this spirited example, take warning by the
past, shake off dull sloth, avail themselves of every
light of science, 'especially when confirmed by the
fruits of experience, and then they will soon become
sensible that they
_have only been frightened at

An investigation of considerable interest took place
at Ryme, in Dorsetshire, on Thursday last. It was
not undertaken or conducted by any authority, no
official or legal personage presided on the occasion,
and yet matters were elicited respecting the condition
of the agricultural labourers in that locality the im-
portance of which cannot be overrated. As there was
no person or persons authorised to come to a con-
clusion, and to bring in a verdict, or publish a report
as to the result of the evidence taken, the public must
form their own opinions thereon.

It will be in the recollection of our readers that
the Hon. and Rev. SYDNEY GODOLPHIN OSBORNE, a
gentleman who has earned for himself the highest
character as a philanthropist, the greatest honour for
the disinterested zeal which he has exhibited, in his
capacity as a country clergyman, for the amelioration
of the condition, the increase of the comforts of the
labouring classes, by whom he is surrounded, pub-
lished a letter on the 24th of August last, in which
he exposed several abuses to which the labourers of
Ryme and. the surrounding parishes had been sub-
jected. He called attention to existing laws directed
against the practice of master manufacturers being
retailers of goods to their workmen, to what is com-
monly called the truck system, which has ever been
found most injurious in its effects upon those of the
humbler classes who have been brought within its
operation, where the parties purchasing are afraid to
question the quality or the price of the goods with
which they are supplied by their employers, who
would have it in their power to dismiss them from
their work in case of any complaints, no matter how
well founded. He stated that he found meat which
would have been condemned in Newgate Market sold
to the labouring poor; that the wages of at least nine
out of ten of the labourers in husbandry was paid in
the shape of goods, sold to them by their masters, in-
cluding .meat of the above character ; that the wages
of able-bodied, married men was 7s. a week, those of
single men and lads, from 16 to 25 years of age, from
2s. 6d. to 65.; that for about two months in the year
the mowing and harvest afforded some task work,
at which about los. per week, besides an allowance
of cider, might be earned, but for which the work
must be from five in the morning until seven at night.
He then detailed the exorbitant prices they were
charged under this truck system fir articles of the
worst description. The sheep killed just before they
were (to use the labourers' expression) cold dead ;
the diseased cows, in like manner, and the flesh
retailed to the working men, who were thus obliged
to participate in the farmer's loss ; and that it would
be hard to find any man who had drawn 21. in
money for his wages in any one year.

Such a statement proceeding from so trustworthy
a source naturally excited great attention. Mr.
OSBORNE did not shelter himself under the disguise
of a fictitious signature, but manfully gave his name
to the world as the author of these charges, which he
' did not bring forward until he had by the strictest
examination satisfied himself of their truth. At the
end of three weeks a formal contradiction was put
forward signed by Mr. DANIEL BRAKE, the principal
farmer in Ryme, his son-in-law, his nephew, and two
other farmers. Mr. OsnouNz having replied, stating
the grounds on which he had made his assertions, was
challenged by Mr. BRAKE to a public investigation into
the truth thereof before the rector of the parish and a
reporter, an offer which was immediately accepted by
Mr. OSBORNE, and hence originated the meeting and
investigation to which we have alluded. Mr. OSBORNE
conducted his own case, while the farmers were re-
presented by a neighbouring attorney. The wit-
nesses that were examined were subjected to the
strictest cross-examination ; their employers were
present, prepared to impeach any exaggerated account,
if any such should be offered ; the witnesses who had
been examined were kept separate from those who
had not as yet given their testimony, in fact every
advantage was given to the employers, even to a
speech to evidence from their attorney. The
proceedings and the evidence have been fully
published, and we confess, it appears to us
that the statements made have been fully substan-
tiated. We are told by one witness of a bullock
found dead in a ditch, and pulled out by horses. It
had been apparently dead for some hours, and yet it
wa3 stabbed, and its flesh retailed. Another speaks
of mutton—part of a sheep found dead in the fold—
salted, and sold to the people at 2d. per pound.

T111,4' SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1846.

shadows, and will realise to themselves the satisfaction
of constituting anaristoOracy, not proud, as heretofore,
simply because they were powerful, but powerful
because they have taken a pride in rendering them-
selves useful, and securing the regenerated affections
of the hardy and industrious tillers of the land.

A letter from Venice, of the 25th September, states
that one of the three Moncenigo Palaces on the
Grand Canal has just been purchased for the Count
DE MONTEMOLIN, in his own name, for a sum of
350,000 francs. It was supposed that he would re-
side in Venice, as it was known that he is about to
contract a matrimonial alliance with a Princess of
Modena.

Madrid papers of the 29th ult. have been received

_ •
The Afrancesado Ministry still continued their
war against the press. The Eco del Comercio was
seized on the 28th, before a single number was pub-
lished, for an article on the blontpensier marriage,
and the Government inflicted on its proprietors a fine
of 500/., not for publishing, for the Eco was not per-
mitted to be published, but for daring to form an
opinion unpleasing to the ruling powers. The Eco
has suspended its publication in consequence.
In the Senate, on the 28th, the debate on the col-
lection of the taxes was continued. In the course of
it there was a personal scene between General &A-
RANO and Senor PIDAL. The General taunted PIDAL
with having voted on a former occasion against the
MIRAFLORES Ministry from factious motives. PIDAL
retorted, and made use of the epithet disloyal, in allu-
sion to General SzußAxo. The logomachy then waxed
fast and furious, until at length the President was
obliged to adjourn the Chamber as the only means
of putting an end to the disturbance. The matter,
however, was amicably arranged ; and on the re-
sumption of the debate, on the 29th, Senor Mox an-
nounced that the Government had devised a plan 'for
forming a proper provision for the clergy. The de-
bate was not concluded when the post left.
It was reported in Madrid that CABRERA was in
the province of Valencia organising his followers pre-
paratory to an outbreak.

The Dukes Ds MONTPENSIER and z'AumALE ar-
rived at Vittoria on the 3d. They were to leave that
city on the morning of the 4th, and are expected to
arrive in Madrid on the 6th.

The Reraldo says that after the marriage Don
FRANCISCO will have the title of King conferred upon
him, but that all acts of sovereignty will be in the
name of ISABELLA. IL In the same paper we find
the following, purporting to be an extract from a
letter from Alicant

" A person who has arrived here in 36 hours from
Gibraltar states that the English squadron, which was
at Cadiz on the 24th, had set sail for Tangiers soon after
the arrival of the consul from that port. The departure
of the British Consul from Tangiers is attributed to some
insults having been offered to the English flag."
The envoys from the new republic of St. Domingo
had arrived at Madrid for the purpose of negotiating
a treaty of peace and amity with Spain.
MADRID BOLSA, SErr. Z.—Three per Cents. for cash,
348; Fives, 22 paper. Exchange on London, 36k.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday.
There was an attempt on Saturday night to renew
the bread riots in the Faubourg St. Antoine, but, like
the attempt of the preceding evening, it was speedily
suppressed by the authorities. Criminal prosecutions
have been commenced against sixty of the rioters who
were apprehended on the night of Friday. Great ap-
prehensions are entertained of famine and scarcity in
France, and on this subject M. DE LAMAETINE has
written a long letter, which the Debats justly cha-
racterises as a mixture of excellent ideas and of great
blunders.

sincerely for his failure, we inform the Government,
of this fact, that if sympathy is wanting to the re-
presentative of the Cabinet, money is in his possession.
After having pointed out these errors, it appears to us
superfluous to dwell on the sweet and amiable confidence
with which the Debats yesterday speaks of the difficulties
which this marriage causes to the Government. Diffi-
culties, it appears, there are none. The intervention of
the English Government,' it says, will be confined to a
protest full of dignity, and a simple representation* of
the consequences that may ensue from the union of a
son of the French King with the Infanta: The firm
conduct of the French Government begins to produce
its effect. The famous volcano, which was daily on the
point of bursting out in Spain, has postponed
its eruption to an indefinite period. Every morning
the correspondents of the English journals open
their windows to see the eruption, but do not perceive the
smallest rocket.' The journal of the Court was delirious
yesterday ; it has already the happy smile and free bear-
ing of a husband married the day before. We are un-
willing to trouble its joy : it will have the thirty mil-
lions, and even perhaps its honeymoon. What we want
to call attention to is, that, according to it, the Eng-
lish Government will confine itself to a protest full of
dignity, and that Spain will remain perfectly calm and
tranquil. Either we are much mistaken, or this double
expectation is the most idle and foolish of illu-
sions. We are convinced, on the contrary, that the
Whigs will not confine themselves to those in-
offensive protests which are the resources of
the weak : we are convinced also, that Spain will
overturn the Government which oppresses her, and will
assert her independence. The French Ministry has a
means to dissipate all these threats—to cause the Infanta
and her husband to renounce for them and their descend-
ants all pretensions to the Spanish throne ; but this
means would be so base and cowardly that without doubt
it will not be had recourse to. Can it be that this shame
is to be endured ? If any other thing is persisted in
beyond having a young girl and a rich dowry, the
gravest complaints may be expected. This we again
repeat, whilst the Debats believes quite the contrary.
Events will show which is right."

It does not appear that M. GUIZOT has as yet re-
turned any answer to the protest presented against
the Montpensier marriage by the Marquis of NOR,
MANBY. The Noble Marquis is at present on a visit
to Count MOLE. This fact has given rise to much
speculation. 'lt is said that King Louis PHILIPPE
has invited M. THIERS to deliver his opinion on the
affair of the marriage, which is so likely to create a
coolness between England and France.
The Univers says—
" A fact, which the fear of compromising the party
by whom it was communicated prevents us from publish-
ing at this moment, but which is not the less true, and
which cannot fail to become public, demonstrates to us
that the Ministers, at the moment when they are boast-
ing fiercely of having acted against the wishes of Eng-
land in the affair of the marriages, continue to bend
before her on another question which truly interests the
national honour. Let some new complication occur—
such as Pritchard or the right of search—and France
shall be made acquainted with the secret articles of the
Duke de Montpensier's marriage contract."
Although the Univers is the organ of the high
church party in France, yet, as its articles are not
articles of faith, we may venture to express a doubt
as to the authenticity of this statement. We hope
that it is true, and that there are secret articles intro-
duced in the marriage contract, which when made
public will obviate the grave objections which at pre-
sent exist to the match.

Queen CHRISTINA does not return to Paris with
her daughter and the Duc DE MQNTPENSIER, she will
remain for' some time longer in Madrid, where she
will be joined by the Duke of RIANZERES and her
children.

The Ddbats of Sunday has the following article,
written evidently in order to calm the existing excite-
ment :

The Carlist refugees residing on the frontiers have
been all ordered into the interior of France. The
Journal des Debats says:—
" There are at present in the citadel of Blaye, fifteen
Spanish superior officers and ecclesiastics, retained pri-
soners provisionally. Another Spanish Carlist has been
arrested in his lodgings in Bordeaux and conveyed to
the same destination."

According to the Siecle, bread riots have broken
out in several of the departments, and in many in-
stances the troops have been obliged to fire on the pea-
sants before order could be restored.

The squadron under the command of the Prince DE
JOIN VILLE has returned to Toulon.

" The disorder which for the last few nights has
reigned in one of the faubourgs of Paris, has not been
of a very serious character. The rise in the price of
bread was probably but the pretext for it ; public atten-
tion has nevertheless been called to the subject, and the
question has arisen whether or not alarm may be felt at
the result of the late harvest, and as to what the Go-
vernment might and should do in supposing it had to
interfere. In the first place, what has taken place at
the shops of certain bakers proves nothing. One or
two of the bakers, when asked for bread, had no more ;
not that they had made a less quantity on that day,
for want of flour, but because they had sold a larger
quantity during the day. In the second place, no alarm
should be felt, were it not only that because alarm would
not cause an hectolitre more wheat :to come to us, and
would rather cause that which was on its road to be
stopped, supposing that we were in want of it. Besides,
the country is in no way exposed to a want of
food. Under this idea there is not even a shadow
of danger. A magnificent harvest has been expected
from one end of the kingdom to the other. To the great
astonishment of all the world, the crop, after being
thrashed, has been found to be but middling, rather
below than over an average quantity, but, however, of a
quality superior to that of years of scarcity. A disap-
pointment has consequently been felt generally as to the
quantity. Nothing more than this was necessary to
cause a rise in the price of corn, and for parties to
speculate on an advance. But nothing can less resemble
a country exposed to famine than France with the
harvest which she has just had. There is only one
country in Europe in which famine has made its
appearance, and that is Ireland. But the misfor-
tune of Ireland does not solely arise from the want
l m
of corn. The Irish are not fed on corn ; they consume
potatoes ; and, by a cruel fatality, that unnappy country
this year has had its crop of potatoes entirely de-
stroyedwhich r a
nhease
haaalso therefore been
abun-
dance felt i
n
of corn. Besides wheat, it has other grain, and
also potatoes. The worst that could arrive would be,
that the north of France, which contributes to the supply
almost every evbeyry the
part disease
Easuerop eF .
of the south, should keep for themselves a part of what
is generally sent to that part of the country. But in
case of that happening, it is known that the Mediter-
ranean is rich in corn-growing countries. The wheat of
the North Sea can furnish us at a moderate price. Such
is the real state of the case ; and we ask of any man of
sense whether there is any cause for alarm ? Paris, in
particular, has its supplies as well secured as in former
years. The environs of Paris are among the number of
those parts of the country where the harvest has been
the most abundant. The ordinary measures which cause
Paris to be one of the points of the globe where bread
is found in the greatest abundance have never ceased to
be in operation. Paris is the city of France and of the
world, where disturbances on account of corn are the
most without any pretext."
On the subject of the affairs of Spain, the Journal
des Debats declares that Count MONTEMOLIN was in
London on the 30th September, and that he had dined
with ESPARTERO, who had endeavoured to persuade the
son of Don CARLOS to become a constitutional
monarch. With regard to the whereabout of the
Count on the 30th ult., it is extremely improbable
that it should have been London, seeing that his par-
tisans have always denied that he has ever been in
London, and that a proclamation, published by him,
and which will be found in another column, is dated
Sept. 14, from the foot of the Pyrenees. As to the
story of his dining with ESPARTERO, we think we
may venture at once to state that it is a pure fabrica-
tion. Very little reliance can be placed on anything
which appears in the French Ministerial papers on
the subject of Spanish affairs. As the National most
truthfully observes,
" It will soon be sufficient for a piece of news to be
announced in the Ministerial journals to cause it to be
doubted. How many histories, fabricated at leisure, and
tion? F
afterwards proved to be false, have they not published
since theMontpensier affair has occupied public atten-
irst of all, England agreed;be expected to pout, -but would next, she was to
say nothing; after
that, she spoke, but only. to express a simple friendly
dissent; at last she protested, but against consequences
that were distant, eventual, and improbable! It was
necessary for us to give an exact analysis of the
document, and to quote some of the expressions to
induce persons to acknowledge the true character of
this note, the measured and polite terms of which left
all its transparence to the sentiment of distrust and
deep hostility which inspired it. Have they been more
exact relative to the movement of
duet of men? No, the Published ta the C and Progressistas had for they published that the Carlists and
Progressistas had formed parties and the con-
an allianche,t and thatarlists a mon-
strous coalition would be seen. Nothing was more false
than this news, and the Ministry knew it to be so at the
moment it endeavoured to make the public swallow it.
However, they persisted, and to add to the lie, announced
pompously that Cabrera had dined on a particular day
with Espartero.
We did not take the trouble to contra-
dict so stupid a calumny; but there are people with whom
stupidity alone succeeds. Finally, the Debats lately stated
that the son of Don Carlos had had an interview with
weroeffincaiamlleyd'affirmed; We
had
Prince Louis Napoleon, and the place, day, and hour
which bad braedviefwo; rtuonreme
n ito
was,distrust
however,of a j pieceus
just as
asintelligenceall
so
the rest. We are at present requested to state that
Centre,never s awanhdii n.
Prince Louis is not acquainted with the son of Don
Carlos, that he does not know where he is, and that he
lates in its turn the history of the negotiations connected
with the marriage in that tone peculiar to Ministerial
hasrly latelyfaith faithful
atvoe
r t ht
ee d
, Lreef!
confidences; the account is garbled from one end to the
other. It is there also stated that Montemolin did not
succeed in contracting a loan, and that he could scrape
together but 25,000/, We know positively that
these
25,0001. were his own property, and that before
leaving London the son of Don Carlos had secured
all the financial means which he might want
for the rising which he meditated. As wo pray most

The French Three per Cents. were weak on Sunday
in the Passage de I'Opera. They were done at 82E
80c., and rather sellers that buyers.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, 0CT0132,1L 5.

Boulogne and Amiens, 144--Dendre Valley, %—Dutch Rhenish,
4A—Namur and Liege, 1% —lkorthern of France Constituted, 13%.

THE WEST INDIA MAILS.—The Royal Mail steam-
ship Medway, with the Mails from the West Indies
and Mexico, arrived off Southampton at nine o'clock

this morning.

SOUTH AMERICA.
(FROM ♦ CORRESPONDENT.)
The peace and harmony which have been recently re-
established between the republics of New Granada and
Ecuador are threatened to be again interrupted, through
the intrigues of the Spanish Government, who are con-
niving at, if not encouraging, General Flores, ex-Presi-
dent of the latter state, in fitting out an expedition for
the purpose, ostensibly, of placing him again in the Pre-
pislent's chair, but suspicions attach to the undertaking
of Spain entertaining some idea of asserting her claim,
and 'again establishing her dominion over it : if she
succeeds in that, she will very shortly follow up her
views by seizing on New Granada and Venezuela. It
is very evident that General Flores must have some
underhand support, and a supply of the sinews of war
from some unknown quarter.

In the Cortes, the Minister of War, in reply to a
assertedud ro tz,
swith
assertiont
Generalhat the Spanish
wpii
tohr
e s
,8
Go-
vernmentex-
ex-
pedition ;regard
to the opposition of our Government to the marriage of
the Queen, who can.put any faith in any assertions of
ciues. t.in phubatudtb yaftae nothing
rD mep.o tti'yo:t
the Spanish Ministry ? At all events the only convin-
cing proof they can give of not being concerned in it, is
to put a stop to it, and order General Flores out of the
kingdom.
Reports are very rife that the above General has
agents iin Ireland to raise recruits for him, under the
cloak of hiring them as agricultural labourers, but it is
to be hoped the Irish peasants, notwithstanding their
present destitute state, will not be the dupes of General
Flores's agents, and plunge themselves into still greater
difficulties, danger, and destitution.
The object of General Flores, if attained, will plunge
all the South American Republics into the greatest anar-
chy and confusion—renewing those horrid scenes of
bloodshed and butchery, which have been so recently
put an end to—and annihilate the good understanding
and mutual confidence now restored amongst them.
Besides, should that part of South America be again
plunged into the gulph of civil war, it will prove highly
injurious to the commerce and shipping of all European
States, and likewise of the United States of North
America, consequently it becomes the duty of their re-
spective Governments to do all in their power to frustrate
the views of an adventurer, and to undeceive the Go-
vernment of Spain, by showing that they are not indiffer-
ent to the well-being of her ci-devarot colonies, but now
independent Republics.

CITY OF LONDON GENERAL PENSION SOCIETY.—
Yesterday a general meeting of the subscribers of the
above society was holden at the London Tavern, fur the
election of two men and two women, additional candi-
dates on the fund for providing a permanent relief to
decayed artizans, mechanics, manufacturers, tradesmen,
and the widows of such persons, above sixty years of
age; Luke James Hansard, Esq., presided. Indepen-
dently of yesterday's election, there are on the list
fifty-five recipients, from sixty to ninety years of age.
The.males receive 1/. 1 ls. and the females 1/. 2s. per
month. The business of the day having been concluded,
thanks were voted to the chairman, and the meeting
separated.
PAST-OFFICE NOTlCES.—Yesterday the following
notice relative to the departure of the foreign mails was
announced at St. Martin's-le-Grand :—The mails dis-
embarked in consequence of damage sustained by her
Majesty's steamer Bulldog, having returned to London,
the letters addressed to the Cape of Good Hope will be
forwarded by the ship Lady Flora, which is appointed to
sail from Portsmouth on the 6th instant, and the letters
for Lisbon will be forwarded by the Peninsular mail of
the 9th instant.
ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION FOR BOYS.—Last
night a quarterly general Court of the Governors of this
institution, was held at the offices of the Secretary, Mr.
Thisselton, No. 7, Bloomsbury-place, Bloomsbury, for
the purpose of electing a treasurer in the room of Sir
David Pollock, senior, recently appointed Chief Justice
of Bombay. James Savage, Esq., was in the chair.
After the general and preliminary business of the meet-
ing had been gone through, it was moved and seconded,
and carried unanimously "That Benjamin Bond Cab-
bell, Esq., F.R.S., M.P. for St. Alban's, be appointed
treasurer, in the room of Sir David Pollock." Mr. Cab-
bell having intimated his willingness to accept the office,
a vote of thanks was voted to the chairman, and there
being no other business before the Court it broke up.
FATAL RENCONTRE.—An inquest was On Satur-
day resumed and concluded at Harefield, near Uxbridge,
on the body of William Norman, a steersman in a canal
boat plying on the Grand Junction Canal. The deceased,
it appeared, had had some disagreement with a man
named James Carpenter, who was in the employ of the
Canal Company, respecting his not having one of the
locks ready. A quarrel at length ensued, and they
agreed to settle their differences by a pitched battle, and
retired into a field for that purpose. They fought seve-
ral rounds, and at length Norman fell, and on some per-
sons going to his assistance it was found that he was
dead. The surgeon deposed that in his opinion death
had been occasioned by a blow or a fall, thereby causing
concussion of the brain. The jury returned a verdict of
Manslaughter against Carpenter.
CONVICTS FOR THE NEW PENAL. SETTLEMENT.
The restovjee Bomanjee, hired transport ship, has ar-
rived at moorings opposite the Royal Arsenal, to receive
150 male convicts, and Convey them to the newpenal
st tt'ement in Australia. p