The Sun.
London, England, 1848-09-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1848.

will convey to the public mind conviction of the
commercial success or failure of Sir James Ander-
son's plans.
In conclusion, I would request Mr. Motley not to
rank me as an opponent to the introduction of steam
on common roads ; on the contrary, I am a warm
advocate of it, when wisely attempted ; but I am not
an advocate for the introduction of plans that cannot
succeed, which I believe to be the case with Sir
James Anderson's, because every failure adds to the
difficulty of convincing the public that any plan for
introducing steam on common roads can succeed, so
great is the prejudice against it.—l have the honour
to be, Sir, your obedient servant,

ROBERT WEEKES
London, Aug. 29, 1848.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
MANSION-HOUSE.
A German Jew, named Henry Freedman, was
brought before the Lord Mayor, charged with having
robbed Mrs. Sarah Wingrave of 301. in Bank of Eng-
land notes.
The complainant is the wife of a City policeman,
but at the time the robbery was committed she was a
widow ; her name was Davis, and she kept a board-
ing and lodging house for foreigners in Jewry-street.
About two years ago a gentleman, who had been in-
troduced to her by a minister, brought the prisoner to
her house, and represented him to be a gentleman of
unquestionable respectability. The consequence was
that he was received as an occasional boarder, and
considered to be unexceptionable in every point. On
the very first occasion, however, on which his inte-
grity was put to the test he broke down. The rent
and taxes of the house having become due, the com-
plainant at his request handed over to him a 201. and
a 101. note, with which he declared he could satisfy
the landlord, whose demand exceeded that amount,
and he went away with the money and never re-
appeared until last Wednesday, when witness saw
him in the street, but could not communicate with him,
as she was in an omnibus. The next day, however,
she observed him gliding along, and following him to
Leman-street, saw him knock at a door and walk into
the house, to which she very quickly introduced a
policeman, who apprehended him upon the charge of
robbery.
The LORD MAYOR—The affair strikes me as one
into which it is my duty to make a close investiga-
tion. I wish to know, complainant, what represen-
tions he made to you before you intrusted this money
to him ?
The complainant—He asked me to marry him,
and told me that he could raise me to a much more
respectable and comfortable condition than that in
which I was placed. I consented, and he put up
the banns in my own parish church, St. Olave's,
Hart-street, and we were to be married on the Mon-
day following, but he was off on the Thursday, when
I thought he had gone to make all right with my
landlord, taking with him the 201. he owed me, and
the 301. he positively stole from me.
The LORD MAYOR—I remand the prisoner till
Saturday, when you must attend. I shall then de-
termine what shall be done.
GUILDHALL.
A gentlemanly looking young man, named William
Nash, was charged with stealing a horse and gig, the
property of Mr. Stapleton.
William Green, a servant in the employ of Mr.
Stapleton, livery-stable keeper, in New Broad-street,
City, said, that on Tuesday week last the prisoner
came to his master's place and hired a horse and
gig. He was ordered to go with him in the capa-
city of servant, and did so. The prisoner drove to
the Angel at Edmonton, and after ordering a dinner
took a stroll out, saying that he had a sister at Mrs.
Pike's academy, and should like very much to see
her. After being absent some time he returned, and
having taken his dinner ordered the horse and gig to
the door, saying that he was going to take his sister
for a short ride, and that he would be back to tea, at
the same time ordering that meal. However, he
never returned, nor did the witness again see him
until he was taken into custody on Tuesday at the
Three Nuns, Aldgate. The horse and gig had not as
yet been traced. There were also three capes, be-
longing to a coachman, taken of the value of 10s.
A Mr. Scott here stepped forward, and said that he
had been swindled in the same manner by the pri-
soner, and called
Philip Watson, who said he was a servant to Mr.
Scott, livery stable keeper, New Cavendish-street,
Portland-place, and that on Sunday, the 27th ult.,
the prisoner entered his master's mews, and said he
wished for a saddle-horse to proceed to Barnett, and
ordered it to be at Mr. Neighbour's coffee-house in
Cannon-street, at 11 o'clock the following morning.
He said his name was Nash, and that he was one of
the firm of Nash and Co., the large sugar merchants
in Great Arthur-street, City. The horse was accord-
ingly taken at the proper time, when the prisoner
mounted the animal and rode away, but not before
witness asked him for the money ; upon which he told
him that he had only notes about him, but that if he
went to his brother Thomas in Great Arthur-street,
he would at once receive the guinea. He directly
mounted his horse, and went to Messrs. Nash and
Co., but they denied all knowledge of the prisoner,
and he had not met with him since until taken into
custody. At the time of sending him to his brother,
prisoner told him to go and order a dinner for him at
the Adelaide Hotel, London-bridge, which he did.
Alderman FINNIS—And I suppose he has run up a
bill there ? Witness—He has.
Alderman Firnsis asked what other evidence there
was.

Mr. Thomas Roach, the landlord of the Angel Inn
at Edmonton, said, the prisoner, accompanied by the
first witness, arrived at his house about one o'clock
on the afternoon of Wednesday week, when he im-
mediately ordered dinner for himself and his servant,
at the same time telling him to let the latter
have whatever he liked. He called for sherry
and biscuits, and had his dinner about four o'clock.
About half-past nine o'clock he went, as he said, to
take kis sister (stated to be at Mrs. Pike's) for a
drive, and gave directions that tea should be ready on
his return. He did not, however, return at all.
Previous to his starting he borrowed from witness
2s. 6d., as he saa he might perhaps have to pay
some turnpikes ; and he was weak enough to lend it
to him.
Alderman FINNIS—And had you no suspicion ?
Mr. Roach—Not the slightest, as I thought I had his
servant in pledge.—(Laughter.)
James Ball, a coachman to Mr. Gray, of Earl-
street, Blackfriars, deposed that on last Tuesday week
the prisoner came to his employer's and ordered a
horse and chaise, and he was directed to go with him.
They went to the Crown and Sceptre, Greenwich,
and put up there, the prisoner ordering the chaise to
be ready at half-past nine o'clock, after which he
went out, but did not return, leaving him " in pawn,"
in the same way as he had served the other witness.
Several parties here said that they had no doubt,
if the case was adjourned, many more charges would
be brought against him.
The prisoner was then removed.
LAMBETH.
Mary Ann West, a middle-aged woman, with an
infant in her arms, was charged before Mr. Elliott
with having caused the death of Elizabeth Sheelds,
her mother, by violently assaulting her on the evening
of the 30th of last month.
Sergeant Joseph Rowles, 17 L, stated that on the
31st of last month the prisoner was brought to this
court on a charge of having violently assaulted her
own mother, and on that occasion was ordered to find
bail for three months to keep the peace towards her
mother. The mother since that time had been at-
tended by Dr. O'Shea, and had died that (yesterday)
morning at eight o'clock from the effects, as it was
alleged, of the injuries she received. Witness, upon
being informed of deceased's death, went in pursuit
of the prisoner, and on taking her into custody men-
tioned that it was for causing the death of her mother
by violence. She did not deny the charge, but said
that her mother had been an habitual drunkard.
Mr. Richard Hemmings, a :tailor, residing at 11,
Lower Marsh, Lambeth, deposed that the deceased
occupied a small room in his house, and on the even-
ing of the 30th of August he heard a considerable
noise down stairs, which caused him to leave his
work, and go to see what was the matter ; and on
reaching the bottom of the stairs saw the deceased
and the prisoner struggling violently one with the
other, and they appeared as if they had been fighting.
The deceased in a moment or two fell with consider-
able force, her head coming in contact with one of the
steps, dragging her daughter upon her. Witness
endeavoured to separate them, but being unable sent
for a constable, who succeeded in getting them apart,
and took the prisoner into custody. The witness, in
conclusion, said that during the whole of the time
the deceased occupied his lodging she was drunk, or
nearly so.
Inspector Roger here remarked that the deceased
both at the station and this court, exhibited marks of
serious violence. Her face was much swollen, her
eyes blackened, and she had all the appearance of
having been severely beaten with the fist. The con-
stable, he said, had not been able to procure further
evidence for the present.
A certificate from Dr. O'Shea was put in, which
described the death of the deceased to have been the
result of violence ; and the prisoner was remanded to
a future day.
Inspector Roger requested the advice of the Ma-
gistrate about 271. in gold which had been found in
the room of the deceased after her death, and which,
it
husba appearnd ed, was in the possession of the prisoner's
The husband of the prisoner said that he received
21).151/t.
ho:
wthaast morning from a brother-in-law of his,
thelicearteheonf,wti willing to give up all that was left of it to
11*
bye officer.
He the Magistrate, gave up 221.
to Mr. Roger.

aW ORSHIP-STREET
Sarah Ladd, distressed sempstress, was placed at

the bar before Mr. Arnold for final examination,
charged with unlawfully disposing of six stripped
regatta shirts, the property of Messrs. H. and M.
Moses, outfitters on Tower-hill.
The prisoner was intrusted with the shirts in ques-
tion by a woman named Lyons, who was in the habit
of working for another woman in Messrs. Moses's
employment, and Lyons, out of charity for her dis-
tressed condition, paid her the same she herself re-
ceived—ls. 3d. per dozen, the warehouse price being
2s. per dozen. The prisoner pawned the articles for
35., and was given into custody by Lyons, but
solely for the purpose of procuring their restoration,
as the prisoner was found in the lowest stage of
wretchedness, without food, and sleeping in a corner
on a heap of rags. The magistrate remanded the
accused, as the charge was pressed, that he might con-
sider what to do with her, and the case meantime
excited the commiseration f a number of benevolent
persons, who forwarded the following donations, which
they expressed a wish to have an acknowledgment
of in the papers :—" W. P.," 1/. ; " The Pupils at a
Ladies' School," 125.; " Mrs. M. C. C.," 55.;
"E. J. 8.," and "T. E. B. " ss. ; " Beta," 55.;
' anonymous 35.; "H. G. H.," 105. ; "M. C.,"
ss. ; " A Lady," 10s.; and "A. P. C„" 10s. These
were contributed for the benefit of Ladd and the
subjoined were for Sarah Lyons :—" Beta," ss. ; " E.
J. 8.," and "T. E. 8.," 53.; and " A Lady," 10s.
In the interval between the examinations, however,
the magistrate received an intimation that Ladd was
somewhat addicted to habits of " tippling," as the
officer expressed it, and, that the donations might
not be contributed to an undeserving object, he di-
rected Rowland, the warrant-officer, to make a
searching inquiry into her general habits and charac-
ter. The result of this was a report from Rowland
that, upon inquiring of a firm for which Ladd had
worked at similar articles for about two years, they
spoke in favourable terms of her honesty, but added,
that she was unfortunately occasionally in the habit
of drinking, and the same statement was confirmed
by a relative of her landlady, who likewise complained
that the prisoner had lodged with her for several
weeks and paid her nothing; though he (the officer)
had certainly ascertained beyond doubt that she had
been for a long time past suffering from extreme dis-
tress and privation.
The prisoner positively denied that there were any
grounds for the imputation alleged against her, and
asked for the money ; but
Mr. ARNOLD said, however anxious he always was
to treat with as merciful a consideration as the facts

of the case and the law would allow him all persons
placed in the prisoner's position, he could not con-
scientiously recommend the payment of the forwarded
subscriptions to her, and regretted to find that he was
constrained by the character he had received of her
to such a course. As part of the money had been
sent for the express purpose of liberating the articles
from the pawnbroker's, he should not countervail the
donor's wishes, but should order it to be so applied,
and discharge the prisoner; but the remainder ha felt
it his duty to retain in his hands, until some of his
charitable correspondents should see the result of the
case in the newspapers, and forward him directions as
to their wishes for its ultimate disposition. The por-
tion of the subscription, however, which had been
sent for the use of the woman Lyons, he should order
to be handed over to her, as he considered that her
conduct had been marked by extreme good feeling
and kindness towards the prisoner ; and, unless he
received contrary directions from the contributors, he
should apply the other money to the purposes of the
poor- box . _ _

At the conclusion of the case a gentleman, who
stated himself to belong to Messrs. Moses's house,
made several urgent attempts to offer some observa-
tions, but was stopped by the magistrate, who told
him that nothing affecting the character of his firm
had been brought under his notice, and he must there-
fore decline to hear him.

The prisoner was then discharged, and upon sub-
sequently applying and appealing to the magistrate
for charity, he presented her with ss.

THAMES.

Walter King, a waterman, residing in Lucretia-
street, New-cut, Lambeth, was brought before Mr.
Ballantine, on remand, charged with burglariously
breaking into and entering the premises of Mr. John
Hawkins, wholesale grocer and tea dealer, Half--

moon-passage, High-street, Whitechapel, and steal-
ing therefrom a chest of tea, a quantity of wearing
apparel, and other property.
Air. BALLANTINE intimated that he should commit

the prisoner for trial, but he should give further time
for the police to prosecute their inquiries until Sa-
turday, when the prisoner will again be brought up.

A SHOAL OF WHALES.—On Monday last (says
,he Rossshire Advertiser) the peaceful village of Saltburn,
near Invergordon, was thrown into considerable excite-
ment by the sudden appearance of a large shoal of bottle-
nosed whales peperforming their gambols at a short dis-
tance from the shore. One of the villagers who was
fortunate enough to have all his wits about him in this
unlooked-for visitation, having hastily mustered a strong
force well armed with muskets, hatchets, and pitchforks,
boldly rowed into the heart of the assemblage, and in a
few hours succeeded in bringing 29 of them to land. A
few of the multitude of spectators, stimulated by this
hero's example, and encouraged by his success, wisely
judging the occasion no time for idly looking on, eagerly
joined in the sport, and after many " hair breadth
'capes" and a world of trouble, contrived to secure as
much of the spoil as made the entire number captured
45. Some of them measured lA feet in length. On
Tuesday morning, what with the tossing and heaving of
the dying monsters, the bustling activity of the blubber
cutters, and the crowds of visitors from the surrounding
country, the shore presented an unusual scene of ani-
mation. Being divested of all their fat, the carcases
were carted off by the farmers in the neighbourhood for
manure. About 60 large casks containing the blubber
are to be shipped for the south, and it is hoped the pro-
ceeds will be such as to remunerate the owners for their
labour and risk. These whales do not contain much oil,
but still the capture on this occasion is of considerable
value. Wo understand that seven of them were left
ashore on the Sands of Nigg, but none on the Cromarty
side of the firth. On the succeeding evening several of
these monsters passed up the firth, and were stranded on
the bank of the south channel at Fowlis Point, when a
number of persons set to work and seven were brought
to land. On Wednesday evening another shoal came up
to Ardullie Point, and 12 were secured in the small
haven to the westward, measuring from 11 to 16 feet in
length. These, the last of the shoal, occasioned a regular
turn out of the people of Dingwall and the neighbour..
hood, who hied in all modes of conveyance to see those
wonders of the deep—a similar sight never having been
witnessed in this quarter. The bottle-nose whale is fre-
quently seen at Cromarty, but never further up, or in
such numbers as on the present occasion. The shoal
must have consisted of hundreds, for while about 70 were
taken in all, large numbers escaped.
THE COAST PRECAUTIONS.—The Barbary, Mackey,
from this port to New York, with emigrants, had to put
into Valencia harbour from stress of weather. She was
at once boarded by the coastguards and the police, who
made close search, lest any of the insurgents flying from
justice should have been on board. Immediately after
the Dragon steam-frigate made her appearance, and fired
a gun; in a few minutes she was alongside the emigrant
ship. The first Lieutenant, accompanied by a party of
marines, went on board the Barbara, called over the
ship's ist, and then made a searching examination
through the vessel without finding anything suspicious.
—Galway Vindicator.
ORIGIN OP TRUE BLUE.—Everybody has heard
and made use of the phrase " true blue;" but everybody
does not know that its first assumption was by the Cove-
nanters, in opposition to the scarlet badge of Charles I.;
and hence it was taken by the troops of Lesley and Mon-
trose, in 1639. The adoption of the colour was one of those
religious pedantries in which the Covenanters affected a
pharisaical observance of the Scriptural letter, and the
usages of the Hebrews; and thus, as they named their
children Habakkuk and Zerubbabel, and their chapels Zion
and Ebenezer, they decorated their persons with blue rib-
bons, because the following sumptuary precept was given
in the law of Moses :—" Speak to the children of Israel,
and tell them to make to themselves fringes on the bor-
ders of their garments, putting in them ribbons of else."
Numb. xv., 38.—Scotch Reformers' Gazelle.
MORE SUSPECTED POISONING.—There has been a
excitement,the last
t fe win
the
village days,go o
good deal
Bradfield,of talk,
owing to a report prevailing that an inhabitant who died
dauring little
th
suddenly a few months since, died from the effects of
poison. Many of the most respectable parishioners are
very anxious the body should be exhumed, and the usual
tests applied to the stomach, but hitherto no desided step
has been taken. We understand the clergyman dis-
courages the idea of disinterment as well as Mr. Codd,
the Coroner, who have both been consulted—the latter
gentleman, on the ground that an inquest was held upon
the body immediately after death, and a verdict of " Na-
tural Death" returned. But surely this is not a sufficient
reason for preventing investigation, after suspicion has
arisen, and evidence is ready to be adduced in support
of the suspicion. Whatever may be the forms necessary
to be gone through to effect a disinterment, we trust the
ui
alleged lha l es °t
ge:eed
afterwm aanuydr what :leht frha
ett
pieonvluaegcrtheyh,t
the
relative
aseptsjigetvachentbedtodo
parishioners will persevere in the use of them, as nothing
bhhyei
anpafctuauil
lrreoeisneat
isdnyi
gnn qotiwuaiiarpyta
aspwkii
rininect
taking
Express.

tTohw?nrßeyEheEsaNtseOrbCdeKain
aSanErdre
pTte.or. 4dt
arey,
,eßitrhueaitutloatuthißeensreot
were
reeCreeßgothwLezoußt
cases
of of cholera on board the brig Reliance, which arrived
here on Saturday evening from Cronstadt. A consider-
able degree of uneasiness has been the consequence, but,
as the affair has been greatly exaggerated, no apprehen-
sion whatever need be felt. There was one case of
cholera of a most malignant character, on board the
Reliance, which took place about seventeen days before
she arrived in the Clyde, and so rapid was the progress
of the disease, that the unfortunate subject expired
after two
was e
hours'ne
caseof sickness illness. On thee
n board,vessel's and the
arrival
tide.
here
there

snrveyor, who examined the vessel, immediately sent
for a medical man, when it appeared that the patient
had merely a facial) disease—something like erysipelas.
He was at once taken to the infirmary, and the vessel

was relieved from quarantine. The order of the Board
of Customs to the tide-officers, dated 15th Juno last, is
to the effect, that any vessel which may have had a case
of cholera on board, but not within ten days prior to
her arrival, and none of whose crew may have, within
that period, exhibited symptoms of the malady, shall be
relieved from quarantine.—North Nritish Afar

THE NEW FOREST PROSECU-
TIONS.

On Wednesday, at the Queen's House, Lyndhurst,
the examinations arising out of the Government in-
quiries in the New Forest were continued. The ma-
gistrates were H. C. Compton, Esq., M.P., General
Robbins, Mr. W. H. Sloane Stanley, and Mr. Smith.
Mr. Coxwell, of Southampton, appeared as solicitor
for the Crown ; Mr. Brown, of Lymington, Mr.
George Pocock, of Southampton, and Mr. Moore, of
Wimborne, were for the defence.
J. Light, the timber merchant, was charged on a
further information with stealing five beech trees from
Busketts, in the New Forest, in December, 1846. It
was proved, on the evidence of two woodmen, that a
large quantity of timber had been cut in Busketts for
firewood at the period in question. At the same time
some large trees were felled. One of them was very
large, measuring 118 feet. The prisoner's timber
waggons came and carried the larger trees away,
with the exception of the very large one, which they
would not bear. That tree has since disappeared.
None of the trees were marked by the Crown officers
for sale.
On cross-examination of one of the witnesses, it
appeared that the large trees were adjacent to the
house of a Mr. Timpson, and that They were felled
in order that he might have a better view from his
windows.
The prisoner was committed.
J. Reed, assistant to his father, the Deputy Sur-
veyor of the New Forest, was then charged, together
with P. Andrews, a timber merchant, not in custody,
with stealing beech timber from Ashurst-walk.
There was another charge against Mr. Reed of ap-
propriating to his own use moneys received for fuel
wood, the property of the Crown, but this was not
gone into in consequence of the absence of a material
witness.
Charles Holman, a young man employed by the
, who was a foreman in the
had been employed in January
cut under
timber
Ars
hurst
.walk by the direction of
Mr. Reed. He cut six large trees measuring alto-
gether as much as 500 feet.
last forest,
Crown
t o deposed
Cross-examined—Mr. Reed gave no directions to
him to cut the trees. He had not heard him give
such directions. He only understood he had done so.
The Crown Solicitor admitted that in consequence
of the absence of a material witness, and the effect of
this cross-examination, he was unable to carry the
case further. He proposed to apply for a remand,
but Mr. Brown, on the prisoner's behalf, said he
would at once consent that the prisoner should be
bound over to appear at the sessions to answer any
charge that might be brought against him.
The magistrates consented, and the prisoner was
admitted to bail accordingly.
[lt is understood that the circumstance to which
the failure of the Crown in this and other cases is at-
tributed, is the attempt of an important witness to
commit suicide. The party lies in h very dangerous
state, and is quite unable to give any evidence.]
G. Bowles, a keeper in the forest, and J. Coles, a
wheelwright (both of whom were charged with
timber stealing last week, when the cases were dis-
missed), were again charged with stealing five
oak -trees from Boldre Weod-walk, in March or
April, 1847.

. .
The Solicitor for Coles applied that the cases
should be heard separately, Bowles being a very ma-
terial witness for his client.
The Crown Solicitor opposed the application, and
intimated, moreover, that he should go into evidence
as to several distinct transactions.
The Solicitor for Bowles hoped the Court would
insist upon the evidence being confined to the one
charge that had been opened.
The magistrates did not acquiesce in either appli-
cation on behalf of the prisoner.
W. Hayter, parish clerk of Gorely, deposed that
he had frequently carried timber for Coles. On the
22d of April, 1847, Coles engaged him to send a
waggon and team of four horses for timber to Boldre
Wood Lodge (Bowles's residence). Once before,
namely, on the 13th of March, in the same year,
Coles engaged him to go to Bowles's for the same
purpose. Once in the present year, namely, on the
9th of June, 1648, he had also gone to Bowles's for
timber by Coles's desire. Mr. Coles paid him for
going upon each occasion.
T. Hayter, carter to the last witness, deposed
that he had been to Boldre Wood on several dif-
.

ferent occasions for timber. In March, 1847,-he
went with four horses for " a stick." Saw Air.
Bowles, who told him to take it up and deliver it
to Mr. Coles. It was a large stick. In April, 1847,
he went again. Saw Mr. Bowles, who pointed out two
trees. Witness took them by his directions, and
dropped them in front of Coles's house. This year
he had been once, and taken two trees and a piece
also by Mr. Bowles's directions. Bowles and Coles
were together upon that occasion. Part of the tree
he had taken upon that occasion was now in a waggon
outside the court.

(A large waggon load of fine timber seized at
Coles's was drawn up outside the Queen's House.)
Cross-examined—Took the timber along the public
road in broad daylight, and dropped it in a public
place.

- H. Wareham, apprentice to Mr. Coles, deposed
that Hayter had frequently been in the habit of
bringing timber to Mr. Coles's, and that he remem-
bered his having brought trees there last year and
this year. Had assisted to work up this timber.
Part of the timber was in Coles's yard that morning,
and had been brought over to the cottrt that day.
Other portions had been used in Coles's trade. Parts
had been used in Bowles's cottage ; part in fencing
Ellingham-churchyard.
This case was proceeding when the last train left,
the court had been sitting throughout the day.

MEETING OF MIDDLESEX MA-
GISTRATES.
The usual periodical meeting of county magistrates
took place yesterday at the Courthouse, Clerkenwell-
green ; Mr. Pownall occupied the chair.
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
_ .

The reports of the several county prisons having been
aid before the Court,
Mr. ARMSTRONG, pursuant to notice, rose to move,
" That as great numbers of the male and female pri-
soners discharged from the prisons of this county, from
being tot,,lly ignorant of any trade or business, and for
want of an honest calling, have no means of obtaining a
livelihood, and are, consequently, tempted again to the
immediate commission of crime, whereby they again and
again incur the penalty of the law, to the great injury
of society, and heavy expense to the ratepayer of the
county; it is expedient that an application be made to
Parliament to empower this Court to sanction the estab-
lishment of a voluntary House of Industry to which such
discharged prisoners may resort for instruction in some
useful employment, handicraft, or trade, by the in-
dustrious exercise of which they may be rescued from
the temptations incident to ignorance, idleness, and
vice, and be no longer a disgrace to the community, and
a burden
to
on
the
; and that a committee be ap-
pointed report to this court on the best
modeestablishingof consider
public
ande
the same, and to what extent."
Since he last addressed the court, upon this subject, a
meeting under the auspices of the Duke of Richmond,
having reference to the reformation of juvenile offenders,
had been held in the City, but the resolutions passed at
that meeting did not, according to his judgment, touch
the evil on its merits. A meeting of the patrons of
ragged schools, beaded by Lord Ashley, had also been
held, and one of its propositions was, that the Govern-
ment should annually send out, as free settlers to the
Australian colonies, a certain number of the youths that
attended the ragged schools. To some extent this had
been acceded to by the Government, but when the boys
were sent out they would have no knowledge of any
trade or business by which they could earn a living.
The main object of the proposed industrial school would
be to remedy this evil, for in it those criminals, who
were ignorant of any trade, would be taught one, and
.thet ultimate result of that would be their restore-
on to a respectable position in society, instead of
their being again driven to crime as a means of subsist-
ence. The Hon. Magistrate here proceeded to give, in
minute detail, the statistical portion of the Inspector-
General of Prisons' Report, to show that the expense at
present borne by the county in the maintenance and
prosecution of offenders was considerably more than the
expense of maintaining the proposed industrial school
would be. The public attention had latterly been much
turned to the subject of emigration, and the Government,
he thought, had not given it that sanction which the sub-
ject required. If this industrial school was established,
those who partook of its benefits would have the power
civilised
lt za
of providing themselves with the means of emigration to
Australia, and where labour could not be found, and
where
absurd.couldab oTuhn
edny.o t
should bT e o a
taltalk of found,
t allm reformationetahn
se
toarts
ino
a prison wif,ies ar
wouldin f
pre-
vent crime, and the proposed industrial school would, he
was sure, prove the greatest blessing the Court could
bestow upon the county.
Mr. B. ROTCH said he would second the motion upon
two grounds; first, that it would be a disgrace to that
Court that such a motion could not find a seconder; and
the second ground was, that any support given to such
a motion assisted the great cause of the improvement of
prison discipline now in existence, and which every phi-
lanthropist considered wrong.
Sir P. LAURIE said that he came to the Court for the
sole purpose of giving this motion all the opposition he
could, for he considered, if carried into practice, it would
for
have the effect of placing a premium upon crime ; or
none but a criminal would partake of the benefits offered
by these establishments, and those who were honest
and suffering at the present moment would be tempted
to commit crime, to avail themselves of those institu-
tions, to which a prison would be like a turnpike-sate—
it must be passed through, before they could enjoy the
comforts the school romised. He apprehended that,
his Honourable Friend Mr. Armstrong had been study-
ing the French Revolution, and the grand scheme
which had been propounded under it (the ateliers
nationaux); and if so, he had seen the result. He oh.•
arenajected to this Court 'being made the of political
agitation, and it was not consistent with propriety to
petition Parliament. Parliament had given them cer-
tain powers, amongst which was the entire control of the
county prisons; and they had not the power to under-
take the management of an industrial school. For his
own part he had never seen a reformed criminal; in fact,
he would walk twenty miles to see one. A criminal

could procure sympathy, but a poor, struggling, honest
man could not. That was not as it should be. He saw
in an Australian paper he had received that morning that
at the last meeting of the Legislative Council there it
had been stated that out of every hundred Government
emigrants to that colony, ninety-five turned out useless
or bad. He had the fact from a gentleman recently
returned from Australia, and who had stated his views
in a conference with Lord Palmerston, that the
very best shepherds had been London pickpockets;
and if a cargo of convicts and a cargo of Govern-
ment emigrants were to arrive at the colony to-
gether, the farmers would rush to the convict ship,
and beg to engage the convicts in preference
to the emigrants. Ile must again protest against the
Court taking part in political matters ; though the Court
of Common Council and the Marylebone Vestry did it,
it was not proper, and it would be a shame to this Court
to sanction the resolution. The acts and condect of a
magistrate, and especially a body of magistrates, ought
to be dignified and reserved, for there was that in the
name of a magistrate which gave more than ordinary im-
portance to whatever they undertook. The magistrates
of this county, it appeared, had made themselves so ob-
noxious, that the Lord Chanceller would not approve of
a list of names, 32 he believed, that the Lord Lieutenant
had sent in to be placed on the commission. Ile (Sir
Peter Laurie) had done his duty in opposing this motion,
and while he trusted the Court would do what it could in
the promotion of emigration and transportatioa, he did
trust that it would withhold its sanction to the proposition
at present before it. It had been agitated before, and it
was the opinion of the most philanthropical individuals
that the proposed scheme was a visionary affair.
Mr. &ilex declined to give the motion his support,
and quoted the following evidence, given by Lord Den-
man before the Select Committee of the Lords, to in-
quire into the administration of the criminal law. " I
greatly dread," said his Lordship, " the effect of giving
them benefits or privileges, which they never could have
hoped for, but from the commission of crime. I own
myself extremely jealous of the instruction given to a
young felon in a trade, merely because he is a felon, and
of the displacement of the honest from employment, by
means of the former obtaining it. . . I hold the only
legitimate end of punishment is to deter from crime, but
I think I see in the theories of benevolent men, such a
mode of administering the criminal law, as to encourage
instead of deterring.'
Mr. KEMP/MA.lr thought that industrial schools would
be a ruinous competition to the honest tradesmen.
Mr. VALENTINE KNIGHT was one of those whom Sir
l'eter Laurie called visionaries, because they considered
that industry and humanity were the best antidotes to
crime, and did not think that a child once a felon,
should, because it had once erred, be a felon when a
man, and remain with a brand upon him to the end of
his days.

fir. ARMSTRONG, in reply, urged the importance o
ho motion.

The motion was then put from the chair, when there
appeared,
For the motion 6
Against

Majority against .

CONDEMNATION OP THE HOUSE OF CORRECTION.
A presentment, signed by Mr. Rotch and Mr. Rose,
two of the visiting justices of the above prison, was put
in, in which they declare the present House of Correc-
tion in Coldbath-fields, to be unfit for the purposes of a
prison.

trials on the river where so many obstructions occur, and
as their Lordships hoisted the Admiralty flag on the
Niger to-day, an excellent opportunity offers to promote
a deserving and most zealous servant.
After the trial their Lordships left at Sheerness for a
visit at that port.
The Plumper broke down, and was towed back to
Woolwich.

The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty occupied
so much time in officially inspecting Sheerness Dockyard
that they had not time to proceed to Chatham, and re-
turned to Woolwich in the Dover, and arrived at Wool-
wich at ten minutes before seven P.M. The Niger had
arrived about five minutes previous in excellent condi-
tion, and all on board much pleased with the result. The
Niger, from her performance to-day, is expected to make
10i knots on the next trial, and she has every appearance
of proving an excellent sailing vessel.

- - _
SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM TEE MORNING PAPERS OF TEIS DAT.
TIMES.--The French Revolution of 1848 has been
fruitful in phenomena; but no phenomenon has been
more striking than the fate of M. Lamartine. His move.
meat and his brilliancy were those of a meteor. His
obscuration has been as sudden and as startling. For
two months he was the star of promise and hope that
gleamed with solitary lustre athwart the darkened sky
of France. Every other actor in the melodrame of its
politics was viewed by some party or another with sus-
picion, jealousy, or dislike. The rich hated Louis Blanc,
the botageoisie dreaded Ledru Rollin. Foreigners looked
with mixed fear and distrust on men who were pledged
to principles subversive of civil order, if not hostile to
international concord. But Lamartine conciliated all
classes and all opinions. His tone of refinement de-
lighted the high-born and well-to-do. His eloquent
liberalism charmed the disciples of liberty and equality;
his apparent moderation disarmed the sullenness of
foreign nations, while the dash of chivalry and the op-
portune courage he displayed won for him the admira-
tion of his own. Throughout Europe there was not for
two months such another man as Lamartine in fame, for-
tune, and popularity. But all these precious and glori-
ous attributes were short lived. In less than anothermonth
a change came, and what a change! To any man it
must have been a bitter reverse--to a Frenchman almost
death. It was not that he incurred obloquy, or persecu-
tion, or imprisonment. Far worse--he fell into obscu-
rity. He became of no note, of no esteem, of no influ-
ence. The man in whose train the mob of Paris
shouted, by whose words their passions had been lulled
or their enthusiasm roused, the man to whom foreign de-
putations had paid homage and foreign statesmen offered
flattery, became the subject for a schoolboy's moralis-
ings and a cynic's snarl. He sank by one sudden
plunge from the pedestal of the great to the shelf of the
equivocal. He exchanged fame for something which to
a Frenchman was worse than infamy. Is it strange that
he should resent this stroke of fortune and this sample
of ingratitude? He has accordingly penned a justifica-
tion of himself against charges which his own ingenuity
has framed. In this production, it is needless_ to say,
there is much eloquence, more fancy, and some justice.
The main and irresistible reply to it consists in the very
fact that there should have been any reason for writing
it. Why is not M. Lamartine what he was four months
ago? Great as his powers may be, both as an orator and
a poet, they will be infinitely greater than the world ever
believed them to be if they restore him to hi former place.
Who but an ingenious advocate would have fabricated
for his opponents such a count as this, with which M.
Lamartine introduces his case, viz., that he " was ardent
in his ambition, but weak in the exercise of power?"
Ardent in his ambition 1 " And feeble in the exercise
of power!" This, too, is a gratuitous assumption; but
it exhibits the rhetorician's art. It creates for him an
opportunity of describing the second as he described the
first Revolution; of painting the second Assembly as he
had painted the first Convention. No; M. Lamartine
was never accused of weakness as a member of the Pro-
visional Government. All people and nations remember
the indefatigable orator who was perpetually addressing
vast, heterogeneous, and alien assemblies; the intrepid
Minister wbo was daily facing danger and death; the
discreet correspondent with foreign states, who persisted
in repudiating a policy of aggression and interference.
Not only may we say on these points " Quis incusavit ?"
but also, " Quis non laudavit ?" But what shall we say
when a man of M. Lamartine's social and political posi-
tion condescends to enter into a minute detail of his pe-
cuniary affairs in order to meet the imputations of mal-
versation, corruption, and public robbery? What shall we
say of the country where such insinuations against public
men are lightly made and easily believed ? What shall
we say of the morals and purity of a people whose
statesman, so lately the god of its idolatry, is accused of
having turned a desperate revolution to his own good
account, and of having eked out his own fortunes from
the misfortunes of his country? But what shall be said
of the man who, thus assailed, deems it requisite to
publish the state of his liabilities and assets, his leases,
releases, acquittances, and even the transactions with his
publisher? " I blush," he says, "to expose all these
particulars; but the people have a right over the reputa-
tion of their representatives." Indeed ! This is a new
doctrine. M. Lamartine's real sin is not Communism.
It is not treachery. It is not love of war. It is not
peculation. It is not weakness during the time of
the Provisional Government. On all these points he
defends himself largely; and they are all superfluous.
His real sin was weakness in the Executive Govern-
ment. He connected himself with Ledru Rollin,
a man of uncongenial sentiments and more than equi-
vocal character. He connived at his political and his
personal misdeeds. He allowed Louis Blanc to play his
own game at the Luxembourg, and Caussidiere and
Sobrier to prepare the arms and organize the soldiers of
revolt out of the funds of his Government and at the
head-quarters of his police. He did not take a decided
and decisive line at a crisis which required the most
marked decision of character and action. He played
fast and loose with men who he acknowledges " were
capable of serving or ruining" the Republic. He who
showed no fear amid the pikes and sabres of the
February mobs exhibited a weakness, an irresolution,
and an ambiguity, in the months of March and April,
which he does not explain and cannot justify. That his
own integrity remained unsullied through the glittering
temptations of a revolution which had surprised him
into power, and placed unexpected greatness in his
hands, we are willing to believe; but that other conside-
rations unworthy of a statesman and a patriot operated
very strongly upon his mind, and embarrassed his reso-
lution, appears but too evident from the report of the
Committee of Inquiry to which this pamphlet is in-
tended as an evasive reply.
CHRONICLE.—The policy pursued by the present
French Government against the Press is nut only inde-
fensible, but suicidal, as, without any pretensions to pro-
phesy, we may venture to predict. The small number
of remonstrants in the National Assembly, and the im-
mense majority which has affirmed the acts of a short-
sighted Executive, have no weight, in their ephemeral
importance, to shake our opinion against those im-
mutable laws of justice and of progress, which no sword,
however trenchant, can cut, and no armed heel, however
heavy, tread down. The Gazette de France on the one
band, and the Representant du Peuple, or its successor,
the Peuple, on- the other, may be suppressed; Cabinet
Councils may deliberate, in impotent menace, whether
the Constitutionnel ought to be suspended; the creed of
MM. de Labourdonnaye and de Polignac may predomi-
nate for the moment in the heart of the Demo-
cratic Republic; but the Press, in our days, is as
inevitable as the Church of old —it must re-appear
to conquer. It is not the mere head of a
hydra, which some martial steel, heated by
party passion, may temporarily annihilate, but it
is a great necessity (as immortal as the want it
meets), which satisfies now, and will govern hereafter.
Well may M. Emile de Girardin, with bitter irony, re-
produce the early articles of the National, during the
infancy of the July dynasty; and well may he assume
as his motto, such sentiments as the following of M.
Armand Marrast and M. Armand Carrell " Shame
upon the coward writer," says the first, in 1832, " who
would desert his duty because it involves a danger." " A
r‘gitne like this," exclaimed one who was saluted by his
party as the consul elect of democracy, " shall not,
without our protest, call itself the liberty of the press."
It must be borne in mind, that the opposition to this
barbarous legislation proceeds, moreover, not only from
men like MM. Ledru•Rollin, Theodore Bac, Felix Pyat;
but from those who the most impetuously signalized
their perilous hostility to the Red Republic in the hour
of crisis, and on the eve of its apparent ascendancy.
Foremost among the champions of order was then
to be remarked the Vicomte Victor Hugo ; and no
appeal was so eloquent, so admirably reasoned, so
impressive, as his address to the electors of
Paris at the end of last March. Now, we think him as
right, as spirited, and as forcible, as he was at that time,
in his recent defence of the liberties of thought, thus
extravagantly outraged. " Censure and confiscation,"
he indignantly says, " are crushing, at this moment, all
the organs of public opinion." Nor does General Ca-
vaignac, by these untoward praotices, fail to provoke a
more insidious hostility, The Abbil de Genoudo, whose
abilities are incontestible, and whose remorseless writing
Sir Henry Bulwer, we remember, not inaptly compared
to the articles of the Standard during the Wellington
and Grey Administrations, has, since the extinction of
his journal, presented a petition to the National Assem-
bly, He prays, " That the powers which he has abused
may be withdrawn from General Cavaignac; that the na-
tion may be convoked for the nomination of a Chief of the
Republic; that a general amnesty may be proclaimed;
that three Consuls may
the
be chosen, to watch,
to-
gether with the National Assembly, over
interests of public order and the commonwealth
during the election of this prospective Chief; one Consul
to be at the head of all the National Guards, a second
of all the land and sea forces of the Republic, a third of
the laws and justice; and that theseil
three Consuls_ shall
be Generals Lamoriciere, Changarnier, and Dupont
de l'Eure." The sting of these solicitations is, of course,
in the names of the two Generals thus mischievously
put forward. And it ought to be a matter of fear to
General Cavaignac, lest any of his military rivals should
bethink him of identifying himself with the truth which
he has assailed, should assert that freedom of thought
which he has so wantonly injured, and prepare to sup-
plant the present system, by another less uncongenial to
the first principles of the February Revolution. For
General Cavaignac is not yet entirely at his ease in his
stirrups; he has not yet traversed his eighteenth Bru-
maire. His " Africans" accord no preference to his own
renown over that of Lamoriciere, Changarnier, Bedeau,
or Bugeaud. And it must be obvious that any General
has only to take advantage of some mistake as fatal
as that to which we have alluded, on the part
of the present Executive, to achieve a success
which will probably subserve an ambition less mode-
rate than the one which at this instant predo-
minates and rules. Acts against the Press, in them-
selves, are of that class of blunders which are worse
than crimes ; but they are eminently so at a moment
when the slightest faux pos may introvert the roles. In
the meanwhile, although the despotism of the sabre alone
practically reigns in France, the Constitution is under
discussion and idealogues as barren, philologists as ab-

surd, syllable-mongers as incurable, as any in the Coun-
cil of Five Hundred, are in possession of the Tribune.
One only passage in M. Pierre Leroux's voluminous die'
course appeared to us to have the slightest relation to
the time in which he lives, and that only by inference.
It was when he described " the Constitution of Sieyela
pillaged by a conqueror, disfigured, changed, re-model-
led, and fabricated to his own usage, until it suited him
to alter it for another." The Constitution of M. Armand
Marrast will probably have a similar fortune before long;
but General Cavaignac will, we think, hardly prove its
Napoleon, because that great man had at least the sense
to get well into the saddle before he indulged in such
arbitrary persecutions of opinion as those into which the
present chief of the French Government has prematurely
suff-red himself to be betrayed.
ADVERTISER.—The fickleness and caprice of the
populace have been proverbial from time immemorial.
There are few great names in history who have not had
personal experience of this truth. Grecian and Roman,
as well as English and French history, abounds with
examples of illustrious men being the idols of the popu-
lace one day, and the objects of their execration the
next. We have had a recent instance of the fickleness
of popular feeling. Who could have believed that La'
martine, the man whom, in April last, all France re-
turned, amidst the loudest acclamations, to the National
Assembly—a man whose name was on every lip and
who possessed a home in every heart—who could have
believed that such a man should, by the middle of June.
have fallen to the lowest depths of unpopularity—his
name loaded with obloquy, and his very person
all but shunned in the public streets ? Fie has
just published a vindication of himself. It is s
most triumphant defence. It will put his ac"
cusers to silence, if not to shame. Lamartine meets
every charge preferred against him with all the direct-
ness and boldness of a man who glories in the conscious-
ness of his entire innocence. Some parts of his defence,
in addition to their being the most complete which an
accused man ever offered for himself, are remarkable for
their eloquence and the nobleness of mind which they
display. Lamartine has been charged with being SC'
tuated by ambition, in acquiring and maintaing the posi-
tion of head of the French Provisional Government. He
shows that so far from aspiring at the distinction, be
never dreamt that it was to be open to any one. The
overthrow of the Monarchy and the proclamation
of a Republic took him quite as much by surprise as they
did Louis Philippe himself. Referring to the memorable
scene in the Chamber of Deputies, in the midst of which
the Orleans dynasty was overthrown and a Republic
proclaimed, Lamartine graphically describes the part be
acted in that extraordinary drama. " I remained," be
says, " isolated, pensive, silent, upon my bench, con-
templating that abrupt catastrophe which did not leave
one time enough to measure its profundity. Moved even to
sadness by this calamity, and this new birth over-
whelming a throne in a revolution, my heart struggled
within me against my reason. Several of the people
and of the Deputies—though they may now have for-
gotten the circumstance—approached me, and seizing
my arm in order to rouse me from my abstraction,
summoned me energetically to throw myself between
anarchy and my motherland, ealling me by name, and
impelling me towards the tribune. From that tribune
M. Odillon Barrot had just descended, from the ex-
haustion produced by his efforts to save the monarchy
from destruction. A musket was levelled at my head
from one of the galleries, but an unknown hand struck,
up the muzzle. In a few syllables I proclaimed myself
to be in favour of a Provisional Government—a Govern'
ment which should grasp the crisis on the instant, so as
to bring it under control. This Government gave
augury, it is true, of a republic, but it reserved to the
National Assembly that which I had expressed im Eat
first words—that of which it could never be deprive,
whether by faction, by seduction, or by acchuna-
tion—the full and sovereign sanction of the definitive
form of government, such as might be suitable for the,
acceptance of the nation." There is no appearance of
personal ambition here. Neither was there the least
ground to suppose that Lamartine was actuated by any
personal considerations in the incidents which followed.
The voices," says he, " of the people and of those De'
puties who still remained in the Chamber, summoned me
to designate myself the members of the Provisional GO"
vernment. I refused. M. Dupont (do l'Eure), the,..
natural dictator of public esteem, was carried, in spite
of his modesty, to the chair of the Presidency. He read
the names which a tumultuous sitting bad selected for
the formation of a Government. We could not recognise
in this sitting any other authority besides the authority
of danger and devotion. This danger and this devotion
formed our only title. They prevented us from resign:,
ing power, irregular though it was, into the hands 01
anarchy. I accept this power by reason of the.
blood which flows, and which must be staunched at
all price.' Those were my words: I find them re-
corded in the Moniteur. We marched at once to the
Hotel de Vine, at the head of a procession of the
people. We were carried under the shelter of sabres,
and pikes, and bayonets, into the rooms stained With
blood, encumbered with the dead and the wounded, even
to the little table where the Government was organized.
Even at that hour the great struggle commenced outside
between the two republics ; the one violent, inexorable,
dictatorial, terrorist—in word, in act, and in colour; the
other moderate, pacific, legal, unanimous, constitutional;
between the republic which you wish, and that wilier'
you do not wish." It is clear from this, that the posi-
tion, as the head of the Provisional Government, which
Lamartine was thus called to fill, so far from being one
which was likely to minister to a man's ambition, was a
situation of the most imminent personal danger. For
some time after he accepted the office, his life was in
constant peril. He went about, attending to his duties,
with his life in his hand. And the return now made to
him for all this—for the fatigues he endured, the anxiety
by which he was harassed, and the personal danger to
which he was hourly exposed, is to have his character
aspersed in the most heartless manner. Such are the
rewards of patriotism

THE CORN TRADE.
GLASGOW, SEPT. 6. The weather during the past
week has been changeable, and Lince yesterday much
rain has fallen. We have had fair arrivals of Wheat,
both foreign and coastwise, and about 7,422 barrels of
flour from Canada and the United States; of all other
articles the supplies continue scanty. The transaction'
during the week were, to a moderate extent, at lass
Wednesday's currency. This day's market was well
attended, but the decline of prices at Mark-lane caused
buyers to act with more caution, and to provide for lei"
mediate wants only. We quote:---Wheat and Flour Is.
to Is. 6d. lower per boll, sack, or barrel respectively.
There was a moderate quanity of new Wheat on show,
in fair condition, ruling from 265. to 28s. per 2401 b.
Barley unaltered. Oats Is. per 2641 b., and Oatmeal
Is. 6d. per 2801 b. cheaper. Beans scarce at the extreme
rates of last week. Peas Is. lower per 2801 b. lndian
corn meal without change.
BIRMINGHAM, THURSDAY.-At Gloucester and Wor-
cester markets, on the 2d, the Wheat trade ruled dully
at a reduction of 2s. to 3s. .per quarter. Barley, Oats,
Beans, and Peas were all quite as dear, with a good
consumptive demand. This week the weather has again become unsettled, but owing to the fall in Mark-lane the
transactions in all articles of the trade have been on the
most limited scale. Millers offer from 4s. to Bs. per
quarter under previous currency on Wheat, with which
holders altogether refuse to comply. On other kinds of
corn the turn is in favour of the buyer, but at no quot-
able reduction in price. At this day's market there Wa!
a moderate supply of Wheat, which found a fair sale at
a reduction of Is. to 2s. per quarter on old, and 2s. to 3S•
per quarter on new samples. Barley dull, and is. to 35.
per quarter cheaper. Oats declined 6d. to Is, per quar-
ter. Beans held for former prices, but no progress wall
be made. Peas less inquired for. The millers reduced
the retail price of Flour 35. 4d. per sack.

Dispatches were sent off yesterday evening from
the Colonial. office for the Governor of Ceylon and
Hong,Kong.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lady Marl
Wood left town yesterday, for Hickleton Hall, Don-
caster.
CADVERTISEMENT.]—Astonishing Cure of a very'
Bad Leg of Thirty Years' standing by Holloway's Pills
and Ointment.—The wife of Mr. George Bourne, but-
cher, of Stockton-on-Tees, suffered for full thirty years
with a dreadful bad leg, apparently originating by the
bursting of a vein internally; the pain was intense. Tho
most eminent medical men in the neighbourhood tried to
cure it, but in vain; at last she was induced to try Hol-
loway's Pills and Ointment, when, to the astonishment
of herself and all who knew her, the leg, in the course of
eight weeks, was thoroughly healed and cured, and has
remained sound and free from pain for the last nine
months. Sold by all Druggists, and at Professor Hollo-
way's Establishment, 224, Strand, London.