The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,- TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER

New ready, price 6g., bound in morocco cloth,
H E N E W T I I\l, 0 N
A POETICAL ROMANCE.

NEW EDITION, CORRECTED,

" One of the most remarkable poems of . the present generation
It augurs a resuscitation of our bandit glories."—Sun.
"The `Few Timon' is a composition which displays bosh beauty
and power. It belongs to the school of Crabbe."—Literary Gazette
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

13. Great Marlborough-street.
THE REV. R. COBBOLD'S HISTORY OF
MARY ANNE WELLINGTON.
DRDICATED, BY PERMISSION, TO HER MAJESTY THE
QUEEN DOWAGER.

Mr. COLBURN begs to acquaint those interested in the above
Work, that it is NOW READY FOR DELIVERY TO THE
SUBSCRIBERS. Price 21s.

Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street,

NEW WORK BY MRS. BO:41ER.

Now ready, and may be had of all Booksellers, in Two Vols. Bvo.,
with numerous Engravings.
A PILGRIMAGE TO
THE TEMPLES and TOMBS of EGYPT,
NUBIA, and PALESTINE, in 1845-6.

By Mrs. ROME it.
Author of "The Rhone, the Darro, and the Guadalquivir,
"Stunner," &c.
" Mrs. Romer is a pleasant gessipping companion. She visited
many places of interest, and has described the impressions they
made upon her in an exceedingly agreeable style."—l.it. Gazette.
" Even after Eothen ' and Titmarsh's Tour,' Mrs. Romer's
Pilgrimage' will be read with pleasure."—Athenaeum.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington•street.
(Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty).

THE WEATHER.—APN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 1.
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 57; Highest. 74 ; Noon, 64
BAROMETER, 30 3.—WIND N.N.E., cloudy.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDOE THIS DAY.
Rorning •• 3 minutes after 9. I Evening .. 46 minutes after 9

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tion of which was fully justified by the vast import-
ance of the subject, and the necessity that existed
for the views of the Committee, which have been em-
bodied therein, although it has not yet received their
formal sanction, being promulgated previously to the
recess, in order that public opinion might be fully ex-
pressed on the recommendations, and that the same
might be maturely weighed and considered at a period
of comparative leisure, before they should be made
the framework of future legislation.
The report fully points out the manner in which
the intention of the Legislature has been evaded, by
a course of proceeding on the part of the directors of
different companies, which, to say the least of it,
is by no means creditable to the parties con-
cerned, and is not in accordance with that
high feeling of honour, that straightforward course,
by which persons entrusted with the management
of matters so important to the commercial interests
should be actuated, and governed in their proceed-
ings. It was enacted that whenever the dividend on
lines which came within the operation of the Act
should equal or exceed ten per cent. on the capiLl
stock, the Lords of the Treasury, on giving three
months' notice, might revise the tolls, fares, and
charges. The bond fide object of this law was, that
when a certain large remuneration for the actual ex-
penditure was returned to the proprietors in the
shape of dividends, the public should get the benefit
of the surplus in the shape of a cheaper means of
transit. This object was practically defeated by the
system of declaring dividends on an amount of capital
far exceeding the actual outlay, and by the creation
of new shares for additional works at par, when those
very shares were at a large premium in the market.
Specific instances of this abuse are detailed in the
report, which fully warrant the recommendation of
the Committee, " that an end should at once be put
to the system of issuing more new shares than are
required to cover necessary outlays, in order
to divide premiums among proprietors, and thereby
swell the amount of nominal stock beyond the actual
outlay." This suggestion, we think, will be assented
to by all disinterested persons; its object, however,
will be attained in a great degree by requiring that
the assent of the newly-constituted Board shall
be obtained before any augmentation of capital, by
the issue of new shares, can be permitted.
The vast importance of railways to the districts

through which they run are fully set forth, and it is
clearly proved that they are no less valuable to an
agricultural than to a manufacturing population.
The extraordinary revolution in the value of land by
the operation of railways must be very cheering to
the ruined agriculturists. We find that land along
the Glasgow and Edinburgh Railway, which,
previous to its construction, was not worth
ss. per acre, now commands a market price
cf from 30s. to 40s. per acre for the same land ; and
this great increase is not surprising when we find

-
the superior cheapness and facility of transport both
for the farm produce and the means of improving the
fertility of the land, which is well illustrated by the
fact, that what by the old mode would involve an
expenditure of 1421. Gs. 3d., for the charge of car-
riage, would now only amount to 40/. Bs. 9d. This
is quite sufficient, as an example cf the vast benefits
conferred on agriculture by railway communication,
which would bring large tracts of land now lying
barren and unproductive into cultivation. To deve-
lop, however, these wonderful means of improvement,

:0 the utmost extent, the fares should be reduced to

the lowest possible rate, a reduction which would be
of mutual advantage to the railway proprietors and the
public generally, from the great increase of traffic ;
a larger profit would be obtained by the former while
the latter would have the advantage of the additional
activity excited, and the obtaining of the greatest fa-
cility of communication and intercourse between the
different localities. It is proved that the cost of con-
veyance diminishes with every increase of quantity,
and it is calculated that a charge which, with a traffic
of 20,000 tons, would only be remunerative at 104 d.
per mile, would, with a traffic of 100,000 tons, be re-
munerative at one halfpenny per mile ; and, vast as
the disparity may appear between the two quantities
assumed, it is 15y no means improbable that such a re-
duction of fares would produce the increase.

The directors of railways are not always possessed
of a full knowledge of that which is most for their
own interest ; they too often are influenced by nar
row-minced and short-sighted views, that induce
them, while wishing to make the largest pecuniary
profit from the management of the gigantic monopoly
placed in their hands, to take steps by no means cal-
culated for the attainment of that object. What

would be a valuable and remunerative branch of their

traffic is too frequently totally destroyed or lessened
to the greatest degree by the magnitude of the price
charged, which amounts almost to a prohibition. The
experience of the past fully testifies that every reduc-
tion of the fares has been attended with an increase
of revenue. The difference between the prices origi-
nally charged on the London and Birmingham and
the present price is exactly one-third, and the statis-
tics of the corresponding improvement are highly in-
teresting. The reductions on the fare of the first-
class, adopted on the Ist June, 1844, was 174 per
cent., and the corresponding increase of passen-
gers was 19k per cent. On the second-class
the reduction was 264 per cent., and the increase
consequent thereon was 61 1-5 per cent.; while on
the third-class the reduction of 33 1-3 per cent. was
met by an increase cf no less than 259 per cent. We

have thus the strongest illustration that the traffic
increases in a ratio more than exceeding the reduc-
tion of fares, so as to afford an increase of profit.
This is certainly too important a matter to all parties
concerned to be left to the arbitrary will of the com-
panies or their directors., and justifies the recommen-

dation, " that in return for their monopoly, comps.

nies ought to submit to an efficient system of contrcl,
with a view to the security of the public against ex-
travagant fares and charges, and the adoption of
uniformity on the different lines in the scales and the
mode of charging." We shall return to the other

recommendations of the Committee, and examine the

data on which they are founded, expressing our
assent or dissent therefrom, Kith the several reasons
by which we are influenced. Our space to-day
forbids further notice.

So immensely has the population of Cologne in-
creased of late years—more especially since it has
become one of the great centres of railway commu-
nication—that it has become necessary to build a
new faubourg, and several capitalists have formed a
company for that purpose. The faubourg, which is
designed for the accommodation of the working
classes, will consist of several large houses, divided
into small apartments.

Madrid Papers to the 25th ult. have arrived.

The Ministry had seized the .Espanol on the 24th
for asserting that a dispensation had arrived from
Rome authorising the marriage of the QUEEN and
Don FRANCISCO n'Assis; and the Espanol of the
25th was likewise seized for complaining of the
seizure of the preceding day. The Herald() has de-
clared in favour of the double marriage of Don FRAN.-
Cisco with theguEEN, and of Don ENRIQUR with her
sister.

The arrival of the Duke of GLucicsnueou at
Madrid had given rise to a report that King Louis
PHILIPPE has demanded the hand of the Infanta
LUISA. for the Duc DE MONTPENSIEE.

The troops enlisted by General FLORES, for the
expedition to the Republic of Ecuador, are to
rendezvous at Aspeitia, where, it is said, they will
be joined by a detachment of British volunteers.
According to the Leo del Comercio, the Cortes
will meet on the 16th or 17th of September.
MADRID BOLSA, AvG. 25.—The Three per Cents.
were done at 34 for cash ; the Four per Cents. at 211;
the Five per Cents. at 224 ; the Debt without In-
terest, at 64 ; and the Coupons, at 20e.

We have received the Paris papers of Sunday.
On Saturday, after the election of M. SAuzET, as
President, the Chamber of Deputies proceeded to the
election of the four Vice-Presidents. This also was
a Ministerial triumph, the following being the result
of the ballot :
Number of voters 338
Absolute majority .. 170
M. BIGNON

....
M. LEPELETIER D'AULNAY lB3
M. HEBERT

M. DELESSEILT 129
M. BILLAULT (Opposition) 116
M. VATOUT
.•

M. GEOIMES DE LAEAYETTE B7
87
80
24

M. IhvIEG
M. .ABBATUCCI.
M. DEDELLETAIE
M. DUPRET
M. DE TRACY
M. GUSTAVE DE BEAUMONT .... 20
16

22

DUfAURE

The three first gentlemen, having an absolute ma-
jority, were declared elected. M. DELESSERT, the
next highest on the list, is also a Ministerialist, but
not having obtained an absolute majority, he was not
declared elected, and a fresh ballot will take place on

Monday.
The result of this ballot shows the overwhelming
nature of the Ministerial majority. The 116 votes
given to M. BILLAULT constituted the whole force of
the Opposition present, while the Ministerialists di-
♦ide their votes between M. DELESSERT and MM.
DEBELLEYME : Ild DUPRET.

The Courrier Francais thus comforts its party
under their defeat :

" The Conservative party has had an immense majo-
rity ; the Opposition expected it, and for our palls wo
are glad of it. What is it we wish for ? An opposition
that will courageously defend our liberties, energetically
plead the cause of progress, every day demand useful
and necessary reforms, and whose triumph will be so
much the more speedy as the abuses of monopoly, of
privileges, and of reaction become more audacious and
more evident. The moment has arrived fur such an
opposition to form itself. There is no long( r a Minis-
terial campaign to make, and we think that this reason
will bring back certain men to a path which they ought
never to have quit•ed. The Parliamentary Left is beaten
—completely beaten. And why ? Because it has re-
nounced its programme ; because it has made itself the
slave of a man, when it was its duty to have been the
apostle of progress and of liberty. The lesson is severe
for M. Odilon Barrot and his friends. There are persons
who would profit by such a lesson, and who would
blush to combat any longer under the orders of an am-
bitious intriguant, in a word, to serve as a footstool for
M. Thiers. Because the Conservatives have the glory
of being presided over by M. Sauzet; because MM.
Lignon, Lepeletier, D'Aulnay, and Hebert have been
• named Vice-Presidents, the cause of progress and of
liberty is not lost. We have seen Governments which
have possessed formidable majorities, and whose con-
duct was condemned by a tribunal superior to Parlia-
mentary majorities—by public opinion.. The victories
which have been gained by the practice of skilful
manwuvres it the late elections will not be long in being
Wowed by striking defeat. Conquered to-day, we shall
be conquerors tomorrow,—for principles never die.
They may be misunderstood for an instant, but they will
triumph one day or another. It is that day of triumph
_which we desire to hasten, and it is towards that object
that 111 friends 'of order and of our institutions will go
ith us. If then you make a bad use of your majority,
we shall endeavour to point out the danger which
throatens you; but after all, you are masters; it is your
affair, and you are at liberty to disregard our warnings.
You refuse us, for instance, a Parliamentary inquiry.
The Centres are so docile, that such a refusal does not
surprise us. Does it prove that the Chamber gains by
such refusal in dignity and in consideration? -Ask the
country."

A commissary of police was sent, on Friday, to
search llENat's lodgings in the Rue de Limoges, in
consequence of the prisoner's statement that proof
would be there found that it was never his intention
to kill or injure the KING. On being conducted into
the cellar, the commissary dug up the floor in a spot
which had been indicatel by HENRI, and at the
depth of ei►,►hteen inches he found a copper tube,
plugged at each end with wood. The tube was
sealed and conveyed to the Chancellor. HENRI de-
clares it contains papers which will demonstrate the
truth of his statements.
Considerable alarm continues to be felt in France
at the rise in the price of corn, consequent dpon
un api rel:ended scarcity. Riots have taken
place at Dijon on account of the removal of corn
from the neighbourhood, and troops have been sent
there from Macon to preserve order. Incendia!y fires
continue in the district. Troops have also been or-
dered to Avdlon.

The Allonileur publishes the returns of the imports
into France during the month of July last, from
which it appears that the Customs duties levied
thereon produced 12,957,914 f. Their amount in
July, 1844, had been 14,980,828 f, and in 1845
12,837,639 f. This decrease dues not appear chargeable
to any other cause than the excessive illiberality of the
existing tariff, proved by the tables published by
the Mortiteur. In the articles of foreign threads
and foreign linens, this fact is glaringly demonstrated.
The quantity of foreign thread imported into France
in 1844 amounted to 6,255 metrical quintals. In
1845, un,ler the influence of the new and rigorous
advance of the protective duty, 4,146, and in 1846
only 2,814. Of foreign linens, the quantity imported
in 1844 amounted to 3,002 metrical quintals. In
1845 to 2,201, and in 1846 to only 1,796 !

A letter from Cannes, of the 22d August, pub-
lished in the Toulonnais says :
" Lord Brougham and Mr. Leader have just afforded
us a apt ctacle quite unusual in this country. It may be
remembered that three years back these gentlemen
purchased the fine forest of La Croix de Gardy. The
hole of it has since been surrounded with a high wall in the
English style, and yesterday fourteen stags, as many (I. ,es,
and a number of young fawns arrived here from Sar-
dinia, and are to be immediately let loose in the forest.
They were under the care of six keepers, in handsome
liveries of maroon•coloured velvet, with gilt buttons,
bearing his Lcrdship's crest. A pack of hounds arrived
here from England three months back, and everything
necessary fur a hunting establishment is to be sent
.1-oin Paris. It is said that a number of sporting men
from England are to arrive here this year. Indeed this
place is becoming quite an English cclony. On every
side are springing up handsome habitations, built with
English money, combining British comfort and Italian
elegance with Frcnch taste."

The Three per Cents. were done in the Passage de
i'Opera on Sunday at 83f. 721 c.

LYONS, AUG. 28 —Paris and Rouen, 958 f. 75c. ; Avignon
and Marseilles, 9isf. ; Northern, 7101.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCIIANGE, AUGUST 31.
Boulogne and Amiens, 131 A—Dutch Ithenieli, 6', —East Indian,
X —Great Western Bengal, %--Northern of France Constituted,
13% Orleans and Vierzon, 15—Orleans and Borde...ux, Si—West
Flanders, 4!r.

SUN EXPRESSES.— TEIGNMOUTH.—The inhabitants
of this quiet little seaport were much surprised and gratified
by the arrival of The Sun newspaper on Friday night, by the
express train of the South Devon Railway, containing the
Queen's Speech, delivered in Parliament that same afternoon.
The distance, upwards of :200 miles, being accomplished in
five hours, including stoppages. This is the first instance of
any newspaper express having arrived at Teignmouth.—
(From a Correspondent).

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
The sales of Cotton at Liverpool yesterday were
10,000 bales, including 500 for export and 500 on spe-
culation. The market closed very firmly, and was in
some respects rather dearer. Shares were quiet again.
Following out, at last, the principles of free trade
adopted by the Government and the Legislature of Eng-
land, we find several of the more influential portions of
the American press advocating the same cause. Take
the following extract as a sample from the New York
Herald:—
" The demand for protection to our manufacturers
comes from the Whig party; it is yet and has ever been
a part of their political creed, at the same time they are
making efforts to inflate the currency. There is a
strange inconsistency in these movements, which can
never be reconciled. The effect of the first is to shut
out from our markets foreign fabrics, which would come
into competition with our own, while the effect of the
last is to open a wider door for their admission than
the first shuts against them. In this way, one offsets
the other, and they never make any progress in the
accomplishment of the object in view. On the other
hand, we find the opposite party equally incon-
sistent in its political creed. According to the
democratic doctrine, a low tariff will provide a greater
revenue than a high one, and a reduction is therefore
demanded fur the purpose of increasing the importations
and increasing the revenue from customs, at the same
time the party requires a currency, established upon a
pure specie basis. Here is an inconsistency as glaring
as that exhibited by the other party, and as difficult of
reconciliation. The party advocating a low tariff should
advocate an inflated paper currency, if a large revenue
is the object, or even for the collection of sufficient
revenue to meet the current expenditures of the Govern-
ment ; and the party in favour of protection should, in
the first place, as being of the first importance, advocate
a specie currency, and then get a tariff as high as Foos-
sible : the high tariff, however, is a matter of secondary
consideration. A specie currency and a high tariff would
give us a very limited revenue."
The public sales of sugar and other produce are rather
large to-day, but there is a full average demand.
The commercial advices from. Buenos Ayres received
to-day are not of much importance. The exchange on
England was at 2 3-16. " The British brig Ringdove,"
states the Argentine News, " which a short time since
was forcibly carried off' by her Britannic Majesty's
steamer Lizard, from the mouth of the Salado, where
she had entered in the absence of a blockading force,
was on her arrival at Alonte Video released by
Admiral Inglefield, and returned to the Salado. But a
few days after she was again seized by a French force,
and reconducted to Monte Video; when it appears a
discussion arose between the two Admirals with regard
to this unjustifiable proceeding. The result is not known.
The conduct of Captain Inglefield in this instance is per-
fectly consistent with the acknowledged rules of
blockade, and is a virtual disavowal of the heinous out-
rages perpetrated by Captain Reed at Ensevada."
The Funds have been scarcely so high as they were
yesterday. Consols for the Account have been quoted
at 961', and for Money at 96k. Exchequer-bills have
been firm at 218. premium. Bank Stock has receded to
2081, and India Bonds are at 2-6 s. premium.
In the Foreign Funds there has been an increase of

business today. Mexican Five per 'Ceuta. have fallen
from 27i 3 to 26i, and the Portuguese Four per Cents.,
which were yesterday called at 46, opened this morning
at 443, and are now at 451 f(,r the Account. For Spanish
Thr-e per Cents. the current v?.lue is at :371 ; for the
Five per Cents., ; and for Dutch Two-and-a Halt
per Cents., 59k
In the Railway Share Market there is a feeling in
favour of an improvement in prices.