The Sun.
London, England, 1848-01-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, _ LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANITAAY 2,01 1848

of the city of London from measures of reform. They
might judge of the practical knowledge these boards
had of the systtin they managed, from the fact that
the chairman of the City Sewer Commission was a
baker. He combated the objections made by the
Lord Mayor at a recent interview with him to the
Philanthropic Society's plan of relief by soup
kitchens ; his Lordship alleged that the relief so given
drew
.a groat influx of poor into London, and, by
bringing them together in numbers, tended to props-
gatedisease. Yet, at the same time, his Lordship
a chnlited that the windows of the Mansion-house
Itself were repeatedly broken by destitute persons
who wished togain the shelter of a prison. He con-
cluded by moving the resolution.
Dr. ALDIS seconded it, expressing his surprise that
the English public, so ready to contribute to the
support of hospitals for the cure of disease, should
care or think so little of preventing it. He alluded
to the impunity with which trades
offensive to the
senses and the health could be carried on in crowded
localities, the short supply of water, and the want of
light and air, as evils calling aloud for remedy. He
assured the meeting there was no cause for any alarm
as to the cholera ; as a member of three public insti-
tutions he could state that up to the present time
there had not been a single case; but they ought not
to allow themselves to be taken by surprise, or to
become callous to those disorders which always existed
among the population.
Sir C. ALDIS briefly supported the resolution, which
was put and carried unanimously.
Mr. G. A. INALKEn. proposed the second resolu-
tion :-

" That the practice of burying the dead in places
surrounded by the abodes of the living has been
attended by a disregard of Christian decency, and a
violation of the sanctity of the grave. That the fre-
quent exhumation of human remains has engendered•
a feeling of disrespect for the dead, whilst the constant
disturbance of earth saturated with the decomposing
gasses emanating from the dead is seriously destruc-
tive of the public health, and should be prohibited by
law."

lle entered into a statement of the opposition with
which he was met when endeavouring to expose the
horrors of the Spafields burial-ground in 1845. There
1,500 bodies were interred within a year in the space
of an acre, though by calculation it could only take
136. In some graveyards in the metropolis as many
as 2,000 or 3,000 bodies were buried annnally in an
acre of ground. Under Enon Chapel, in a vault 69
feet by 29 feet, 3,500 bodies had been buried within
seven years, literally in a cellar! In the room above
balls were given, and there was dancing over the
dead ; yet the authorities of St. Clement's never com•
plained of the place till he (Mr. Walker) took steps
to stop the abuse. He was sorry this dreadful prac-
tice was maintained by the clergy; but Parliament
must put an end to it. He 'surged the necessity of
determination on the part of the public ; if they were
apathetic, the abomination would go on and increase
tenfold.

Mr. J. GEORGE seconded the resolution, and in
doing so spoke strongly against the window-tax, as
an impost most destructive in its effects to the health
Ind comfort of the community. He stated that in his
own parish of St. Anne, Soho, 95,000 interments had
taken place in the space of 155 years in a burying-
ground consisting of about five-eighths of an acre,
being at the rate of nearly 700 bodies in the year, and
about 1,100 bodies per acre. He had found lately,
that in a grave fourteen feet deep twenty-eight
bodies had been interred within a space of two
months, which he presumed could only have been
done by exhuming and destroying some of the earlier
bodies to make room for the latter. This system
would assuredly continue to go on, unless a powerful
effort was made to arrest it.
Mr. RocEfts, in support of the same resolution, de-
tailed a number of shocking circumstances which had
come to his knowledge, in connexion with the prac-
tices of various metropolitan burying-grounds.
The! resolution was then put and carried unani-
mously.
Mr. WYLD, M.P., in moving the following resolu-
tion—

" That this meeting pledges itself to support her
Majesty's Government in any just and comprehensive
measure for the removal and extinction of the evils
deprecated in the preceding resolution,"
took occasion to remark, that he thought the observa-
tions of Mr. Cochrane upon her Majesty's expendi-
ture on Buckingham Palace exceedingly ill-timed ;
and if their attention were to be diverted from the
object of sanitary reform by such remarks, they
would never gain that great and important measure.
—(Cheers, and expressions of dissent.) He begged
:ilso to say, that sanitary reform would not be com-
plete unless it embraced a system of medical police for
the poorer classes.
Mr. 11. CLARKH seconded the motion, which was
unanimously carried.
The thanks of the meeting having been voted to
the chairman for his ready attention at all times to the
interests of the people, and for the able and impartial
manner in which he had presided over the meeting,
the meeting separated.

TEA DUTIES.

DEPUTATION TO LORD JOHN RUSSELL.
A depmerchants
somenofthnfac
in-
fluentialeumotsutrers
Liverpool, ad ma
of Manchester chairmen of the Chambers of Com-
merce,composed and others, headed by Mr. Rawson and Mr.
Heywood, M.P. for North Lancashire, had an inter-
view with Lord John Russell, at the Treasury, at
one o'clock yesterday, for the purpose of propounding
the views of the interests they represented, commer-
cial, manufacturing, and domestic, as to the policy
and expediency of the total abolition of the duties on
tea. The leading representatives of both towns
having addressed his Lordship,
Mr. HAYWOOD stated that he had received deputa-
tions from most of the principal manufacturing towns
in Lancashire and Yorkshire, urging him to represent
to the Government the necessity which existed for
the abolition of duties which so materially affected
the interests of the labouring classes.
Lord JOHN RIISSALL received the deputation with
his usual courtesy, and having heard the arguments
addressed to him, stated in reply that the question
was purely one of? revenue, but refrained from hold-
ing out any hope that the subject would be taken up
by the Government with a view to the abolition so
strongly urged upon him.
The deputation, after thanking his Lordship for the
attention he had paid to their observations, retired, as
it is understood, under the impression that they had
failed, at any rate for the present, in the object for
which the interview had been sought.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
MANSION-HOUSE.
William Death was brought before the Lord Mayor
:or final examination upon the charge of having
robbed his employer, Mr. Ormiston, of property to a
large amount.
Mr. Mullens, of the firm of Bush and Mullens,
solicitors to the committee of Bankers for Protection
against Frauds and Forgeries, attended for the
prosecution.
Robert Fairburn, wire-drawer, of Old-street, St.
Luke's, said :—I know the prisoner, and last year had
dealings with his employer. I have been in the habit
of purchasing goods for ready money. On the 14th
of May, 1847, I bought goods to the amount of
Si. 7s. Bd., being ss. Ed. discount for the same goods ;
but I cannot say whether my young man or I paid
the money. I received the receipt. I produce it;
and on the 29th of June I bought goods also, to the
amount of 57,. 12s. Bd., discount 55. Bd., and I paid the
balance, Si. 7s. I produce the receipt. On the 20th
of November I again purchased goods to the amount
of 51. 15s. 6d., discount ss. 9d., and I paid the balance
51.95. 9d., the receipt for which I produce.
Mr. Ormiston, commission agent, Martin's-lane,
Cannon-street, said it was the prisoner's duty to sell
goods and receive the money, and account to me once .
a month for what he had received. He kept a book -
in which it was his duty to enter the receipts. The
three receipts and invoices produced are in his hand-
writing. He has not accounted to me for any one of
the sums referred to in the evidence of the last wit-
ness. No other person is authorized to receive money
whilst the prisoner is in the warehouse.
The deficiency amounts, it appears, to upwards of
5001., and was detected in consequence of the illness
of the prisoner at Christmas. During his absence
stock was taken, and then it was discovered by Mr.
Ormiston, who confidentially employed him, that
property which he had been in the habit of returning
as still remaining in the warehouse had disappeared.
The prisoner was committed for trial.
Ellen Dacey, servant at a public-house in Tower-
street, was finally examined upon the charge of
having stolen a purse containing four shillings, the
property of a soldier stationed at the Tower.
The soldier had :dropped the purse in the house
just as he was leaving it, and the prisoner was seen
picking it up and taking out the contents. Upon the
return of the soldier to look for his property she ad-
mitted, upon being called upon, that she had found
the purse, but she swore there was not a farthing in
it. The policeman who searched her box found a
half-crown, one shilling, and a sixpence there, as if
it had been deposited in a burry. The soldier accu-
rately described the sixpence. There was a pound's
worth of silver at the bottom of the box.
The prisoner said, "upon her sowl she never
dreamt of taking the money. The devil a farthing
was in the purse when she took it up; and she was
sure if there was money in it she would have given
it to the poor soldier at once."
Committed for trial.
The Lord Mayor acknowledged the receipt of 11.
for the relief of the destitute poor, from " H.
MARLBOROUGH-STREET.
CHARGE OF CRUELTY TO A HORSE.—Edward
Nunn, Esq., of Leamington, was summoned before
Mr. Hardwick for having, on the 10th inst., wantonly
and cruelly ill-treated a horse in the parish of St.
George, Hanover-square, of which ill-usage the ani-
mal afterwards died.
Mr. Thomas, secretary to the Royal Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, said Mr. Nunn
had admitted that he had ridden the mare from Lea-
mington to London for a wager-10 to 1 were the
odds. Witness had evidence to prove the great cruelty
that had been exercised, and also that the mare had
soon afterwards died. Mr. Nunn wished to com•
promise the matter, but the society felt that this was
a case which ought to be prosecuted, and they had
determined to listen to no representations of the sort.
Mr. Nunn pleaded guilty to the charge.
James Dorland said he saw the defendant in Bond-
street on Sunday night. Mr. Nunn came from the
direction of Bruton-street. The animal had a man
on each side of it, one with a stick was beating it.
Mr. Nunn was spurring it, and he continued to whip
and spur the animal until he arrived at Long's Hotel,
Bond- street. The sides of the animal were bleeding.
and blood was running from the anus of the animal.
Nunn got off the animal and led the way to some
stables in Bruton-street. The mare was carried rather
than led to the stables. The animal was apparently
unable to drag one leg after the other, and presented
a pitiable sight.
Mr. Nunn, on being asked if he had any questions
to put to the witness, said no, he had no defence
whatever to make.
Daniel Watson, constable of the Royal Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, said he went
to the stables and found the mare was dead. It had
been disembowelled. The animals lips were black
with inflammation. Witness went to Leamington to
serve the defendant with a summons. The witness
said it was an unfortunate business, and he was sorry
it had happened. He wished to know whether the
matter could not be compromised, and whether he
could not he spared the necessity of coming to town
to answer the complaint.
Another constable of the Royal Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, named Smith, said
Mr. Nunn called at the society's offices in Pall-mall,
to know if, by payment of a sum of money to a
charity, the society would abandon further pro-
ceedings.
The first witness was recalled, and he said, when he
saw Mr. Nunn in Bond-street, it was about twelve
o'clock on Sunday night, the 9th instant.
Mr. Thomas said this was the case.
Mr, IlaanwicK—What answer have you to make
to the charge ?
Mr. Nunn—l have nothing to say in justification
or extenuation beyond this—that I regret exceed-
ingly the termination of this unfortunate affair. The
whole thing was done in a frolic ; but had I con-
ceived that the death of the animal would have been
occasioned, I would not have done what I did on any
consideration.
Mr. HARDWICK—The circumstances, as detailed
in evidence, give rise to no other feeling than that
you have been guilty of a gross and wanton act of
cruelty. For this cruel act you was moved las- a
base and sordid purpose. In the paltry gratification
of winning a sum of money by wager, you did not
hesitate to subject your horse to the most cruel tor-
ture, and to death itself. The penalties of the law
in such cases are wholly inadequare. It is a mere
mockery of justice to inflict a fine of forty shillings
on a person of your station. Instead of this small
fine, the severest punishment ought to he inflicted;
but as the law forbids this, there is nothing left but
to express censure, indignation, and reprobation of
this act, in the strongest manner. You have de-
graded yourself by the commission of an act of cold-
blooded brutality, and you leave this Court disgraced
with the charge of having committed an act of cold-
blooded barbarity to thin animal from sordid motives.
You are fined the full penalty of 40s. and expenses.
Mr. Nunn pulled out 501. in bank-notes, and
placing them in the hands of Mr. Thomas, begged
again to express his regret at what had occurred, and
his thanks for the courteous treatment he had met
from the society, and more especially for the society
having refused to compromise the case. lie desired
that his fine and expenses might be taken out of the
money he had placed in the secretary's hands, and the
balance handed over to the funds of the society.
Mr. Haanwicx remarked that it was creditable to
Mr. Nunn to find that he was sensible of his fault,
and was willing to make all the amends in his power.
Mr. Thomas said he was in hopes that the Legis-
lature would be induced to make the law against
cruelty to animals much more stringent in the ensuing
session.
ASSAULT.—Mr. John White, of Abingdon, was
charged with having assaulted Captain William Peel,
now residing at Limmer's Hotel.
Captain Peel said he was walking with two friends
last night, in Bond-street, when the defendant pushed
against them, and nearly thrust him (complainant)
off the pavement. He expostulated with the de-
fendant for his rudeness, upon which the defendant
called him a d—d humbug, demanded his card, and
insisted upon having satisfaction the next morning.
He told the defendant to go away, but the defendant
peristed in following him, and made use of filthy lan-
guage. He called a constable and gave the defendant
into custody.
The defendant said he had been taking too much
wine at dinner, and had no recollection of what had
occurred. He was now quite willing to make any
apology for his offensive conduct. Fined 20s.
BENEYOLENCI.—The Hon. Miss —, per Messrs.
Goslings and Sharpe, sent 51. for the poor-box.
MAR E B ONE.
EXTRAORDINARY CONDUCT.—Robert Clavering Sa-
vage, a person of large property, residing at 22,
Wellington-road, St. John's Wood, was charged on a
warrant with having under the following extraordi-
nary circumstances committed a violent outrage upon
Caroline Langdon :
Complainant deposed that during the last four years
she had been living with defendant as housekeeper
and " companion ;" upon many occasions she had left
him in consequence of ill-treatment, but
,he was
speedily after her, and induced her under promises of
better behaviour to return to his dwelling. On Sa-
turday evening last, while engaged in the kitchen in
roasting a woodcock for him, and a partridge for her-
self, he came down stairs, pulled her nose, slapped
her face, threw her violently upon the floor, and
pressed his hand upon her mouth to prevent her from
crying out. On Tuesday night he burnt one of her
silk dresses and a victorine, and it was a great wonder
that the house was not set on fire.
Mr. BROUGHTON—What became of the woodcock
and partridge ? Complainant—He snatched them
from the front of the fire before they were three parts
done, and, without either knife or fork, ate up the
greater portion of the birds, pulling them to pieces
more like a dog than a Christian. She was kept

without food on Sunday. Nearly the • Nholo of the
day referred to he was smoking and dri eking in his
parlour, three of his dogs, which reguk4rly slept with
him in his bed, being his sole companicins.
Ann Hosted, the servant, depose a that on. 'Monday
night, while she was lying in bed with the other
female, Langdon, who had fled to l ter for refuge, de-
fendant broke open the door with is poker and nearly
frightened her to death.
Defendant, in answer to the charge, said that
Langdon, who, generally speaking, was " a most good
and affectionate creature," commenced cooking the
woodcock too soon : he merely gave her a slight pull,
and she took up a knife to him.
The complainant and defendant ha ve often figured
at this court, each accusing the other of acts of vio-
lence and abuse. _ _ _

..
The case was ultimately disposed of by the defen-
dant being merely fined Is. and costs, upon his paying
to Langdon 41., and the amount of wages due to Ann
Hasted.

o'clock Southampton up-train on Friday evening last,
and when the train stopped on Purbright-common he
got out. It was not moonlight at the time, but it
was the sort of light that at the time a light might
be seen at a much further distance than if the moon
had shone. He heard the noise of the goods train
coming, and on looking saw its lights. It was then
between two and three miles off, and he had heard it
a minute or two before. He understood that the
second guard had been sent to stop it, but, finding it
approaching rapidly, he ran along the line 200 or 300
yards from the stationary engine to stop it. It how-
ever came on fast, and on its approaching him he
hallooed out as loud as he could " Hold on! hold on 1"
and he saw the prisoners on the engine. One of them
stood on an elevated place, and was not where he
should have been, and both shouted in reply to him.
Up to this time witness did not hear any whistle sounded,
and had no doubt if it was sounded he must have heard
it. The luggage-train was going at such a rate that wit-
ness saw it was inevitable that it must go into the
passenger-train, and he (witness) turned his back to
it to avoid seeing the collision. At this time he saw
the red light of Brownsnaith, who at this time was
returning up the line, but was at a considerable dis-
tance from him—such a distance that he could not
see his person, but saw his light. Was quite certain
there was no whistling on the goods-train, as it was
passing him. He did not recollect hearing the whistle
at all. The steam was on the luggage-train which
passed him. In about half an hour alter the acci-
dent he saw the prisoner Jones. He was by his en-
gine,
and said to witness, " This is a bad job." Wit-
ness told him it was ; and asked him if he had seen
any signal ? H. replied not, but that he heard wit-
ness shout. He then told Jones that Brownsmith
had gone a long way with signal lights on the down
line, and he replied he was not on that side.
Brownsmith was here recalled, and said, he did not
take any detonating balls, because he did not consider
it necessary, as it was a light night, though there
was no moon, and there was no fog. Besides, the
deceased told him before leaving the train that he
would be ready to start again in a few minutes.
Mr. Ward again got into the witness-box, and said
he had forgotten to mention that the prisoner Flem-
ming came to him, and said, " This is a bad job. I'm
afeared it will be a six months' job for me." Jones
said there was but one light on the back of the lug-
gage train, though there was three.
William Hood was next examined—lle said he was
a breakeman to the South-Western Railway Com-
pany, and was on the up-luggage train, of which the
prisoner was the driver and starter, on Friday night
last. It was rather a weighty train, having 31 wag-
gons wed trucks. It was not a moonlight night; on
the contrary, he thought it rather foggy at the
time ; particularly in patches where the water was
close. Thought it was so foggy that a light at a dis-
tance would be rather dim. He was in the 29th car-
riage, and could not see any light unless he looked
out at the side of the carriage. The train he should
decidedly say could be stopped before it came to the
passenger train if there had been a good look-out.
Could net say whether such a train could have
been stopped at the distance of three-quarters of
a mile from the passenger train. Directly he
heard the whistle he felt that the engine was
reversed. The shock was so great just then,
that something struck him on the head, which ren-
dered him insensible fur a moment or so. The first
alarm he heard was that of Mr. Ward shouting ; and,
on looking out, he only saw the light of the luggage
engine, and no other light. He was in a second-class
carriage, where there was no break, and therefore
could not assist in stopping the train. The reason he
was in the second-class carriage was because there
was no second road-box in the train.

In reply to the prisoner, this witness said that the
train went somewhat faster in the Firmley cutting
than when it came out of it.
The prisoner Jones, who declined to cross-examine
the witnesses while under examination, here requested
they might be called back one at a time, the others
remaining out of court. This was done, and Mr.
Young being the first he cross-examined him at some
length, but did not elicit anything material. In
conclusion, he asked him if after the accident he
had examined the engine and the breaks to
ascertain if the former had been reversed and the
latter put properly down, but the witness said
he was so occupied with,: and anxious about the
safety of the passengers, that he did not do so.
Brownsmith was also cross-examined at great length
by Jones. He admitted that he had not placed
detonating balls on the rails, as directed by the 47th
rule, nor had he gone to the next station, but h
had, he said, directed the guard of the luggage-train
to go. Thiel man, when called, denied that he had
been so sent by Brownsmith, but acknowledged he
had proceeded back down the line to stop the luggage
train. Hood, on being questioned by the prisoner
about the time, referred to his table, and it was
roved he had a wrong one. The prisoner Jones,
after a lengthened examination, declared that it was
impossible for him, from the slippery state of the
rails, the weight of the train he had behind him, and
his being at the time on an inclined plane, and his
not seeing the signals or lights, to have avoided the
accident; and declared that as soon as he saw the
danger he did everything in his power to avoid it.
The evidence, he said, was not sufficiently strong to
warrant his being further detained, and therefore he
hoped his worship would discharge him, or at least
allow him to go at large upon such bail as he could
conveniently secure, so as to prepare himself with
such evidence as would be necessary to rebut the
charge so strongly urged against him.
The other prisoner said nothing in defence.
Mr. Clalow remarked that the evidence of the wit-
ness Hood proved the necessity of having the testi-
mony of the guard, Fortescue, who was at present in
the hospital, and he therefore should request that the
prisoners right be remanded to a future day, when
he should attend.
Mr. Elliott inquired when it was likely he would
he able to attend, and
A gentleman present replied that it was the opi-
nion of his medical attendant, that however favour-
able he might go on, it would be a month or two
before he would be in a situation to leave the hospital.
Mr. Elliott said he could not think of keeping the
prisoners all that time; but should remand them for a
fortnight.
Jones asked if he could be admitted to bail, and
was told he could, on giving security, himself in 2001,,
and two housekeepers in 1001. each.
Mr. Woods, the coroner for West Surrey, applied
to Mr. Elliott, during the proceedings, for permission
to allow the prisoners to be taken to Woking the fol-
lowing (this) day, in order that they might be pre-
sent at the adjourned inquest to be holden on the
body of the deceased, but the magistrate told him he
had no power or authority to do so.

RAILWAY BRIDGE OVER THE
FALLS OF NIAGARA.
I have been intensely interested to-day in listening
to a description, from a well-informed and competent
source, of the great bridge over the gorge that sepa-
rates the dominions of the Queen from those of the
President. If anything could be wanting in the at-
traction of the country about Niagara to turn thither
the tour of the multitudes in the pleasure season, this
bridge will supply it. Its thousands of tons weight
of the strongest iron cord that the ingenuity of the
ironmaster can desire find a sate support in wrought-
iron anchors built in the solid rock 100 feet below
the surface, so that before it could yield, the very
rock-bound earth would forsake its tenacity. A
large wooden framework is to be placed so that no
undulating motion can be experienced. In full sight
of the cataract—the surge of angry waters far
beneath--the sullen storm-beaten rocks all
around—the quick locomotive will put forth
all its quickness to (rush beyond the peril of its
journey. This glorious work is already begun, the
money for its cost paid in and available, the ex-
cavations commenced, and the contractor is to cross
on horseback by the middle of next June. Its firm-
ness is to be such that with all the burden of a power-
ful locomotive and a long attendant train of -cars it
is not to vibrate one inch in the centre. The rail-
way is to occupy the centre, two carriageways on
either side, and two footways. What a magnificent
spectacle this road in full use will present! A
road of this kind over the Menai Straits in
Wales is famous for the daring displayed
in its construction. That over the Niagara will
soon be world-famed. It will be an iron link of civ-
lization between the two ruling Powers of the world,
and will never be severed. One of the first thoughts
that present themselves in reference to the construc-
tion is, as to how the wires are to be thrown across.
The steam-boat now used below the Falls is to take
over two cables, to which strands of iron are affixed.
These are to be drawn over till two ropes of iron ark
drawn over, on which a temporary pathway is to be
placed—and when I inquired were workmen could
be found who had nerve enough to work effectually
under such circumstances, the answer, so character-
istic of American strength of action, was, " Oh, there
are always plenty of Yankees who have both the
courage to work there, and the ingenuity to work
well." The great railway in Canada which is to he
connected with this mighty work presents some ad-
mirable features. Its grade is over 20 feet, and a very
large proportion of the distance is on a straight line.
On one line, perfectly straight, 90 miles are laid out.
All the highways of the country are to pass either over
or under the road, by depression or elevation, so
that there will be neither obstacle nor hinderance
to a flight which will put more life into the
provincial dominion of her Britannic Majesty than
it has yet seen. " That same" province of Canada
West has yet to see great days. England expends
millions on sections of her great dominion far less
worthy of her notice and fostering care. "The last
I.ok" is completed when this great bridge of the
Qatar:-tet shall have beer: c,,mpleter% From Boston
and New York an unbroken line is presented, and
the day is soon coming when some correspondent of

Lo•,(111: Printed and Published by 11URDO YOUNG, at
No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112,
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the emir of
kliddlesei, Thursday, January 20,1345.