The Sun.
London, England, 1848-05-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, MAY 6, lB4B.

the Cabinets of the Spanish and Portuguese penin-
sula, we cannot but regard the elucidative remarks
uttered consecutively by the Prime Minister, the
Foreign Secretary, and the President of the Council,
as evidences of extraordinary official condescension.
Throughout the whole of the proceedings there has
been no attempt whatever at prevarication. The
manner in which the misunderstanding has originated
lies as plainly before the public as the most
overt quarrel ever recorded by historian or
biographer. The progress of ill-feeling towards
the Ministerial counsels of England on the part of the
Duke DE SOTOMAYOR is as visible as the rise
of the quicksilver in a thermometer on its intro-
duction to a warm atmosphere. Three letters consti-
tute the whole of this famous correspondence—three
letters comprise the epitome of the circumstances
which have conduced to the temporary estrangement
of the Cabinets of Madrid and London. One from
Lord PALMERSTON to Mr. (now Sir HENRY)
BULWER, instructing him to offer certain recom-
mendations to the political advisers of Queen Isa-
BELLA—one from the British Ambassador to the
Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs, conveying the
gist of these recommendations to himself and his
colleagues—and one from that Minister himself, re-
senting the interposition of England in the in-
ternal legislation of an independent sovereignty,
and enforcing his expressions of indignation by re-
turning the communications of our. A mbassador. From
those three documents alone, if correctly reported,
and dispassionately read, it would have been easy to
arrive at a just conclusion as to whether our
diplomatists could or could not be regarded as cul-
pable. If correctly reported, we have said. Now it
is precisely that which has been the first stumbling..
block—it is precisely that which has excited all this
animosity against Lord PALMERSTON, and has afforded
some specious grounds for the animadversions of his
antagonists. Lord PALMERSTON'S letter to Sir H.
BULWER has hitherto appeared only in a garbled
form—printed first of all in the French news-
papers, and thence finding its way through
the filter of a double translation into our own
columns and those of our contemporaries. Instead
of being intended for perusal by the Spanish Go-
vernment, the letter dispatched from Downing-
street on the 16th of March was sent exclusively fur
the personal guidance of the British Ambassador,
and, according to an announcement made last night
by the Marquis of CLANRICARDE, was actually
marked "confidential." By the adroit omission of five
Words, however, the letter has been so garbled as
to appear in the light of a communication inten-
tionally written for the inspection of the Spanish
Government, and written too in language of the most
absolute dictation. Restored to its original com-
pleteness the confidential dispatch of Lord
PALMERSTON to Sir HENRY BULWER proves to
be the vehicle for certain instructions intended
solely for his individual guidance—recommending,
him in short, to advise the Narvaez Government to
adopt a more legal and constitutional system " if a
fitting opportunity (ffered." The erasure of those few
syllables threw an apparent degree of culpability over
the conduct of Lord PALM ERSTON, the minor culpa-
bility of addressing himself in terms of too much
hauteur to the statesmen of an independent sove-
reignty. Immediately, however, that those
syllables are restored to the copy of the com-
munication, that very letter vindicates the
diplomatic character of Lord PALMERSTON.
Yet, while it entirely exculpates Lord PAL-
MERSTON from the merest shadow of blame, it in-
culpates the representative of her Britannic MA-
JESTY at the Court of Madrid, and that rather
seriously. Amended as the confidential dispatch is,
by the restoration of the erased sentence (" if a fitting
opportunity offers"), the tone of that dispatch sounds
reproachfully, if not reprehensively in its bearing
upon Sir H. BULWER. According to the Marquis of
CLANRICARDE, the letter was marked " confidential"
—according to its own simple and unmistakeable
language, it recommended its recipient to offer certain
suggestions to the Spanish Government " if a fitting
opportunity occurred"--and yet, notwithstanding all
this, Sir H. BULWER, so early as the 7th of April,
transmita a copy of the communication, in a letter ad-
dressed by himself to the Due DE SOTOMATOR. At
the first blush it would really seem to the uninitiated
as if the facetious conjecture of Lord LisouGuem were
correct, namely, that when Lord PALMER.,,TON recom-
mended the British Ambassador, "if' a fitting oppor-
tunity occurred," to do so-and-so, he meant, in the
estimation of the latter, "that it was when Sir

If. BULWER should have the rare opportunity
if being possex.sed of a clean piece if white
writing paper, a tolerably good pen, and a .spoonful
of ink." Before, however, any positive censure can
ue pronounced upon Sir HENRY LYTTON BULWER,
fur what appears, at this moment, as an extravagant
blunder, but which may have bee❑ rendered essential,
in his opinion, from circumstances as yet unexplained,

it is but just that a definitive condemnation should
be postponed, until Sir H. 13uLwaa has himself been
afforded an opportunity of vindicating his conduct. His
able and distinguished career in diplomacy renders
this temporary procrastination of judgment absolutely
due to him on the simple score of justice. If de-
serving of reprehension, the British Ambassador at
Madrid is only so far culpable inasmuch as he trans-
mitted a copy of Lord PALMERSTON'S confidential
letter to himself to the Due DE SOTOMAYOR. Of
the other accusation, the charge of conveying an
official document to the Clamor Publico, he stands
altogether acquitted, not only by that publication
Eself, but also by the Spanish Minister for Foreign
Affairs. As he has emerged unscathed from this
incutation, we are sanguine enough to believe that he
may effectually vindicate, or, at the least, very con-
sidtrably extenuate, his conduct in reference to the
more serious subject of animadversion.
Oltensibly, we have already remarked, the only
purpose of Lord STANLEY in addressing the House of
Peers at such great length yesterday evening was
the elucidation, if possible, of the facts connected
with the 13ulwei.-t.:.,—..-myor correspondence. In
reality his intention was more Fr „„d
damaging. The Noble Leader of the Opposition was
principally solicitous to bring into disrespect the
foreign policy of the present Administration, and
with this object in view he assailed Lord PALMERS•
ToN'S reputation, not only through the correspondence
just mentioned, but also through the incidents of
the Italian mission of the Lord Privy Seal, and the
sudden and the somewhat mysterious departure from
England of the Duke and Duchess DE mom,-
',Num,. Upon both of these insidious points
of attack, as
well as upon the question al-
ready discussed, did
buckler of truth and
mho:gest:l:y.
the Marquis of LANS-
DOWNE triumphantly
the accuracy of the theHebantottieonolyf
dhisipsrocvueld-
),aut.
LI iV2IIK cz him, the indestructible
misertion of Lord STANLEY that
had terminated in his zro in the Roman peninsula
shcaosmtiht.ure, but he dissipated
the efforts of Lord
the abrupt
shrouded the
the obscurity which
mabrupt departure
particulars connected with
occurrences
ca
uE
-011:the Duke and Duchess na
rar:encAjes
this is not the least striking of thysoele:
which will be remembered in after
epi-
sodes in the revolutionary history in
Euro as the
the explanation as given in the very langtea; and, as
Lord President of the Council must necesteri
ofl the
more conclusive than any commentary, we transcyribbee
the following- paragraph articulated by the lips o,
Lord LAN:•DOIONE
' In the same spirit has been originated a rumour
which! formed anuthsr of the points to which the Noble
Lord allude d, namely, that the Duke and Duchess de
to leave this •
Atontpensier had been torced country, and
had been treated with disrespect by the Sovereign. I
desire mint emphaticallyto say that nu such disrespect
was initnded, that no such disrespect was shown. Her
' Ministers bad no intention of giving any Mrjesty s_
ad-
vice to their Sovereign on the subject. In the exercise
of that generosity belongs to her
of feeling which
at all times, and which has been peculiarly displayed
in the present awful situation of the Ni:orld, in w ic: so
many persons, illustrious by their position and bh y their
character, have been forced to resort to this country, her
Majesty felt only those feelings of hospitality for which
,he is Listinguished. It did so happen that the Duke
and Duchess of Montpensier, who had been previously
rest ived by her Majesty, and who had experienced those
attentions which were shown by her Majesty to them, in
common with their family, and all those to whom I have
„eluted, had omitted the usual etiquette observed on such
vious °l's, by going away without having given any pre-
ilotace 01 their intenti,n to do so."
After the admirable
speech of the President of the
Council, who shall have
the temerity to speak again
of Lord PAT mERSTON in r
ineffectual ea ci regard to Spain, of the
Italians, „ or 4.). of Lord Ilarro among the
th • •
in
of our Gracious

SOVEREIGN, and the discourtesy of her Government
towards the fugitive Duke and Duchess DE MONT-
PENSIER ?

The House of Commons, by refusing their assent
to the second reading of the County Courts Bill on
Wednesday, have practically decided that the griev-
ances and hardships to which the less wealthy classes
are exposed under the provisions, and mode of admi-
nistration of the code for the recovery of small debts,
shall be perpetuated. We had supposed that these
were not the times when the reasonable complaints
of the working classes could be despised and dis-
regarded, and when distinctions should be permitted
to exist by which a party indebted a few pounds
only should be treated as a felon, and exposed
to the degradation and contamination of being
associated with thieves and pickpockets, and
other habitual violators of the law—while
another, whose only merit was, that he had obtained
greater credit, and who owed, perhaps, a hundred
times the amount, was treated with comparative
leniency and forbearance, and allowed indulgences
absolutely forbidden to his brother debtor. We must,
however, acknowledge our error, and reluctantly
confess that the fatal error of making one code of
laws for the poor and another for the rich is still
continued.
The changes contemplated by the proposed mea-
sure were very trifling indeed, and by no means went
to the full extent of meeting all the defects of the
present law. Its principal object was "to prevent
a person from being imprisoned for debt in
any part of a gaol, except the debtors' side, or in any
gaol where there was not a debtors' side." The case
of Mr. CHARLES POLLETT is now sufficiently noto-
rious, and the treatment to which that unfortunate
gentleman was exposed for the non-payment of a
debt of 21.—having had his hair cropped, his whiskers
shaved, being kept on prison diet, locked up in his
cell at sunset, compelled to labour, to preserve strict
silence, and in every respect treated as the felons or
misdemeanants with whom he was associated—has
excited the public indignation to no ordinary degree ;
but hundreds of similar cases might be mentioned,
although the sufferers bad not the energy and deter-
mination to make known their sufferings and griev
ances, ai.d who were unable to find a Member of the
Legislature to direct the attention of Parliament
thereto.

" Vixerunt fortes ante Agamemnon& duces."

There are, unfortunately, but too many instances of
hardship and oppression, the particulars of which can
never be fully known or understood, but a recurrence
of which should be rendered perfectly impossible.
The Attorney-General, in opposing the Bill,
argued as if commitments could only be made for
fraud—that they never were enforced where mis-
fortune alone could be imputed to the debtor ; and he
also said, " that if these committals took place to the
debtors' side, where the parties might live
in idleness, the county courts might as
well be shut up at once." Now it is en-

acted by the 99th section, that "if the parties sum-
. moped shall not attend, as required by such sum-
mons, and shall not allege a sufficient excuse for non-
attendance, or shall, if attending, refuse to be sworn
or to disclose any of the things aforesaid (i.e. these
mentioned in the 98,11 section), or if he shall not
make answer to the same, to the satisfaction of the
judge," &c. &c., or " if it shall appear to the satisfac-
tion of the judge of the said court that the party so
summoned has then, or has had since, the judgment
obtained against him, sufficient means and ability
to pay the debt, or damages, or costs so recovered
against him, either altogether or by any instalment or
instalments which the court in which the judgment
was obtained shall have ordered, and if he shall refuse
or neglect to pay the same as shall have been so
ordered, or as shall be ordered pursuant to the power
hereinafter provided, it shall be lawful for such judge,
if he shall think fit, to order that any such party may
be committed to the common gaol or he use of correc-
tion of the county, district, or place in which the party
summoned is resident, or to any prison which shall
be provided as the prison of the court, for any period
not exceeding forty days." There may, surely, exist
cases in which the parties may be responsible
under these very extensive provisions in which no
fraud whatsoever can be imputed. Our readers cannot
have forgotten the case of the Rev. Mr. MARCUS, who
was committed last autumn because he did not
attend the summons, although his wife attended and
explained that they had offered the creditor payment
at Christmas, when they would themselves obtain
payment of the halt-yearly accounts of their school,
which was the only means of livelihood they pos-
,
ses?•ed, and feelingly appealed to the shabbiness of
her attire as an evidence of their want of means,
asking, "if a clergyman's wife would appear in such
garments it not in a state of the most abject poverty."
Again, there are many persons who entertain a con-
scientious objection to swearing in any form, and
who would submit to any penalty rather than violate
what they conceived to be a sacred duty. Here we
find another instance where a person not guilty of any
fraud may be punished as a felon.
It is, however, under the latter part of the section
that almost every case is dealt with. If a person
earns anything, however trifling, it appears to be
considered that the whole of that money should be
applied in payment of the demand then under con-
sideration, without any reference either to other and
equally meritorious claims, or to the necessary main•
tenance of the unfortunate debtor or his family. We
believe that many cases could be shown where a party
has been ordered to pay, where there are two or three
claimants, more than the entire amount of his earnings.
This is manifestly impossible, and he is consequently,
from the mistake of the judge himself, branded with
fraud, and punished with the most stringent severity,
without any actual fault save that of having originally
gone into debt, although at the time he had every
fair and reasonable prospect of being enabled to sa-
tisfy the claim. Scarcely a single instance can be
adduced where the judge excuses any payment on
the grounds of poverty or inability on the part of the
debtor. He may make the instalments apparently
easy, I'," -L-7 mar really be utterly out of the
power of th debtor to provic,... c__ The imprison-
ment then follows on a single failure, and, as keo.s•
trary to the rule in other cases) the impri-
sonment does not operate as a satisfaction
or extinguishment of the debt, there is no reason to
induce the creditor to refrain from a vindictive pur-
suit of the debtor. There is no distinction either as
to the causes for which the debtor is committed, or
his treatment while in the common gaol or house of
correction: in every case he is punished as if he had ,
been guilty of fraud—while in no case is a person
owing more than 201. dealt with in such a manner.
Here, then, is a most invidious distinction in favour
of the large debtor, which, so long as it remains the
law of the land, cannot fail to sink deep into the
minds and to influence the passions of those classes
who are thus unfairly and improperly dealt with.

SPAIN.
The Madrid mail had not arrived in Paris yester-
day at the hour the post left.

THE. FRENCH REPUBLIC.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.

We have received the French papers of yesterday.
As our readers are aware, the National Assembly
met on Thursday, the Provisional Government re-
signed their functions into the hands of the Assem-
bly, and the Republic was proclaimed. We yesterday
gave an account of the proceedings up to three o'clock
on Thursday. The Journal des Debuts thus conti-
nues the narrative of events after that hour :
" At half-past three o'clock the sitting was resumed,
the reporters succeeded each other at the tribune, and
reported about 600 elections that had been validated.
The election of M. Schmidt, the Deputy for Paris, has
been adjourned; but it was not there that lay the inte-
rest of the scene. It was on the concentrated agitation
that by intervals expressed itself in the perpetual cry of
• Vivo la liiSpubliquer From time to time some on
would rise suddenly—some one new and unknown—
who demanded the proclamation of the Republic; and
as soon would this isolated voice be covered' and
overwhelmed by a mass of acclamations. One of
the representatives of Paris read from the tribune a
project of proclamation, and all the represents
tives of the provinces rose to put in their claims to
share the act. In fine, there passed in this assembly a
sort of travail d'eryantement—there was a great clamour,
which seemed to swell its breast, and to demand an issue.
It was a series of explosions which sought their electric
current. It was then that the assembly went forth to
proclaim the Republic upon the steps of the Palais, facing
the bridge that leads to the Place de la Concorde. The
representatives of France stood there, and beneath them
the battalions of the National Guard and of the army'
pressing. around their th-apeaux. The drums beat, the
national hymns were taken up by the people, and it was
in the midst of this unheard and indescribable scene that
France declared the Republic. It was without order, it
was without rule, it was a revolution once more ; it was
like
atvisioa passing before our eyes confounded, blinded
by the setting sun, by the drapeaux, by the
reflection of arms. But do we not live in
the midst of dreams, or rather in the midst
of realities that go beyond the hardiest essay of imagi-
nation? When our looks plunge into this terrible abyss
it seems to us that we enter into a furnace. In this
burning and blazing cauldron all the elements of good
and evil are mingled in a contest of which God alone
knows what is to come. Gold, bronze, iron, boil and
writhe in this inextinguishable flame: out of these waves
of melting metal we ate arise a living statue, evoked b.)
'he powerful names of liberty, equality, fraternity. Oh!
you who have created it, what soul are you going to give
it? With what breath is it to be animated? France,
the whole world, regards you: do not disappoint their
hope and their confldei.ce. As to us we shall never
depar. Forms
from
pass away! the eternal substance springs
upagain
their ashes—the immortall soul of the
i fr
country breaks and scatters its frail envelopes. But
through all transformations she re appears ever shining,
ever unaltered. Monarchy or republic, it is still Fratics
—it was France yesterpy, is France to-day, and will
be France to-morrow.'
The following account of the strange attitude
assumed by the clubbists, supporters of the minority
of the Provisional Government, is from the Con.sii-
tutionnel—

" The Members, to their surprise, remarked in the
passages leading to their bureaux a certain number of
citizens, all wearing on their arms a red brussard, and
al pearing to exercise a sort of inspection. It was soon
ascertained that these were delegates from clubs, and it
was furthermore learned that on the preceding night a
deputation from the clubs, composed of about 350 or 400
persons, met at the Hotel of the Minister of the Interior,
and those delegates were received by the Minister in
his cabinet. They intimated their desire to have a
gallery; assigned to the clubs, and required -that two
bureaux of the Chamber should be placed at their dis-
posal in order that they might attend the sittings,
take notes, consult and immediately repair to their
clubs to report the operations of the Assembly. It
appears that these demands were most graciously ac-
corded. We are assured that, by way of recompense,
the club where sits the citizen Barbis has decided that
an honorary ticket of admission should be addressed to
the citizen Ledru Rollin. This is certain, that these
delegates appeared to day as veritable inspectors in the
Palate, where sits the Assembly. We shall see if the
Assembly will exercise the supreme power which is con-
fided to it, but at present it hardly appears to be master
of its own house. Already it has accomplished an act
of independence in not wearing the costume decreed for
the representatives of the people."
The Assembles Nationale has the following notice of
the extraordinary attitude assumed by the minority of
the Provisional Government :

" The places taken in the Assembly by the four mem-
bers of the Provisional Government, their attitude in
the sitting, struck all serious minds. They occupied the
first bench of the extreme gauche, and this bench seemed
cut out expressly to separate them from the majority of
the Provisional Government. They were seated in the
following order :—Messrs. Louis Blanc, Ledru Rollin,
Flocon, and Albert ; behind them General Cuurtais took
his place, and talked frequently with them. This posi.
ti,,n trik,n by these four Republicans indicates frankness
at least, if nut an adroit policy. Whatever may be their
hnpes, is it not to be teared tor them that the represen-
tatives of the people may not ratify this sort of separa-
tion that they have sec. pt. d. and oblige them to seek in
another part of the chamber another bench fitted for
I tour places ? For as tie prim ipil danger of the situa-
tion is in this group of the ext, tine gauche, it is upon the
political horizon the black spot which presages and
carries the tempest, and we will not abandon our post as
long as this peril is not incurred.'
, The &forme; in describing the appearance of the
Chamber, says—" At the extreme gauche, upon the
summit of the mountain, were seated BARDES, Em-
mANhEL, And ETIENNE ARAGO, CAUSSIDIERE, BAUNE,
and MARTIN BERNARD." The last is one of the
the following:—
heroes and orators of Bwictui's Club.
e
Sptii:ecict il
a: di proclaiming
the Republic, does the Assembly
io n to all the acts of the Provisional
giveG 'Tvelhinretistment? This question, which every one asks
himself to-day, appears to us to be settled for the
present. Three times at the commencement of the
sitting, in the ceremony of installation which preceded
the t
in
3vi
gep
urt
eief id, c, at tui
au
confound
homage
ufmage
qualifications, three times it was
a
und with the cry of " Vive la It -
putbe
rendered to the Provisional
Government; three times did it fail. The Assembly
remained grave, refusing an eager praise as it would a
reproach without reflection, and reserving its opinion
until after an account shall be given of its acts. By
this conduct it shows that if it has recognised the ser-
vices rendered, that if it was disposed to forget faults, it
would not, notwithstanding, consent to withhold their
examinstn'n• We cannot but commend this attitude.
The firmness of the representatives of the nation attests
that they feel the value of unity and resolution in the
Government. We have to day a sovereign assembly,
we shall soon, doubtless, have a Government."
The National has the following :
~ At a preparatory meeting a number of the repre-
sentatives have fixed on the lollowing as candidates,
whom we propose to our political friends:—
" President—M. Trelat.
si Vice .Presidents MM. Guinard, Cavaignac, La-
mennais, E. Aragq, Perdigvier, and Reeart.
" Secrets„ries--MM. F. Pyat, Felix, Mathes; Babaud,
Lariviire, "Peru!, Robert (des Ardennes), Emile
Penn.
Ili Questors -- MM. Chavallon, Trouver, Chativel,
Ducoux."

---
The following is the report of the Afternoon sitting
of the 2iati4nal Assembly :
The Provi4ional Goverutue... amain greeted on
with the loudest acch7matio,..., -..a cries
The Assembly then proceeded to hear reports from
their examination.
arose on every side.
subjectedthe
. .1 their.
differentvde
ovt entrance
toijilvsicer—l demand that, as each representative is
eltb x of the returns which had been
Republique 1"
admitted, he shall sweur fidelity to the Republic, one and
indivisible.

A Voice—The political oath has been abolished !
Another Voice—Abolished ! By whom ?
Cretuieux, the Miuister of Justice—Citizens, for
the last sixty years, the scandal of so many oaths having
been violated has excited the greatest political indigna-
tion. Tiie Provisional Government felt the necessity
of putting an end to this scandal.—(Cries of " bravo!")—
and its first act was to declare that he who was invested
with any public functions, and particularly with the
honour of representing the people in this Assembly,
should comprehend that he must be truly Republican.—
(CI iee of "Yes, yes! Excelleutl") Citizens, your
applause tells me what are the sentiments of your hearts;
of what use is it, therefore, to demand that they should
be on your lips?—(Applause.)
M. imossible for me to allow the
remark of the Minister of Justice to pass without my
protestinK against it. It has been said that the. political
oath has.been abolished, but why should a frank, loyal,
and energatinfersoeal adheeion :be ebolished?—(Cries of
"Bravo;" Is RepueliqUe!") I lain happy in
having called forth this manifestation, and in all cases I
inuespisutbtibiciattep;sonal adhesions should be permitted.
A Voice—We have all adhered by crying " Vive la
Anothti Voice Before the citizen had demanded -it
Our acelaeations had sufficieritl4proved our energetic
adhes.ole
M. d'Otvier—l withdraw illy proposition. -
M. Ducmx—lt is not by the mockery of an oath, but
by acts, hat the members of the National Assembly
,
will provetheir attachment to the Republic. We wish
not only br a Republic, one and
,iedivisible, but for a
democrats
Republic. —(Cries of Yes, yes," and ap-
plause.) :t is not, I repeat, en oath, but acts that are
required. I therefore set aside all Political oaths—they
can only :gain deceive tlB.—(APPrtbatioD.)
tLegame. against
theTrheetucrhnku,
which,berth Learapsraolcietehdlietdvvtaositlgeneral required
the reports on
Hon.il au
puty was a Be!.was for eah representative ,to prove being of the neces-
sary age 25), and a French citizen, were not of any
whiNclhilbiotu ,:,ag reatlulergneedd
that f for
the
ee
great inteLst. A short discussion arose on the return
of
gian. Tfn he admitted, but declared thit he had been
a natuealisd Frenchman for upwards of seventeen years.
The docunent proving this fact was then banded in and
read from he tribune, after which the election was de-
clared to h valid.
Of the t returns for the Seine, 33 ware declared
valid; but,hat of M. Schmidt, having !yea objected to,
on the groind of false representations, wo rtlerred to 5
special cOrtnsittee.

' THE PROCLAMATION OF THE REPUBLIC.
M. Berger, in the name of the deputies of the Seine,
proposed " The National Assembly, faithful interpreter
of the people by whom it has just been named, before
commencing its labours, declares in the name of the
French people and in the face of the whole world, that.
the Republic proclaimed in the 24th February, 1848,
is, and will remain, the form of the government of
France.
" The Republic which France wishes for has for its
motto Liberty, equality, fraternity.'
"In the name of the country the Assembly conjures
all Frenchmen of all opinions to forget ancient dissen-
sions, and only to form one family. The day which
assembles the representatives of the people is for all
citizens the fete of concord and fraternity.—(Loud cries
of Vive la Republique.' ")
M. Clement Thomas That declaration should be
made in the name or all the deputies of all the depart-
ments, and not only in that of the department of the
Seine. I demand that it shall be made in the name of
the entire National Assembly.—(Cries of "Yes, yes.")
M. Berger—lt is in the name of the whole Assembly
;hat the deputies of the Seine have spoken.
M. Saurut--I demand that the proclamation should
he made in the name of all the departments of France,
and that to the words French Republic should be added
"one and indivisible.
M. Ducoux—lt is in fact in the name of the whole of
France that such a proclamation should be made.
M. Vignerte—l demand that in the minutes of the
sitting it shall be expressly mentioned that our acclama-
tions for the Republic were unanimous.
A Voice—The Republic is a fait accompli. I cannot
comprehend that it could be put in question.
M. Etienne Arago—The people proclaimed it before
you.
M. Emmanuel Arago—No postponement. Let our
acclamations be raised at once, and proclaim the Re-
public forthwith.—(Cries of "Yes, yes.")
M. Degoussee —lt has been said that the artillery of
the Invalides and in the Champs Elysees would announce
the proclamation of the Republic. The people assembled
there await it with a noble impatience. Let us not make
them wait any longer.—(Approbation.)
A Voice—As yet it has been only proclaimed provi-
sionally.

M. flure—After the fact should come the right.
M. Barbes—We have only to proclaim the Republic
after the people. Let us all cry, " Long live the Re-
public—one, indivisible, and social!"
M. Trclat—The Republic is a fact which has been
preparing for many long years, a necessary, a scientific
tact.—(" Oh, oh!") The proof of its necessity is, that
it is proclaimed in this chamber, adjoining the other
where it was combatted two months since. The greatest
proof is, that even those who then protested against It
Flo so no longer. It there are any citizens here who
think of another form of government.--(" No, no! Vive
Is Republique). The Republic, therefore, is like the sun
—blind is be who does not see it.

A Voice—Let us proclaim the Republic.
General Courtais—l come in the name of the people
of Paris—(lnterruption)—I request the members of the
Provisional Government to come out on the perisyle of
the building, and the representatives of the people to
follow them, in order to proclaim the Republic.—(Great
agitation.)
The whole assembly rose in the midst of the loudest
acclamations of approval.
A Member—The heroic population of Paris requests
you, through the Commandant of the National Guard, to
proclaim with it the Republic in the face of day.
The utmost enthusiasm was then evinced, and, the
Provisional Government leading the way, the whole
of the assembly proceeded outside to the steps,
in front of the building, opposite the Pont-
de.la-Concorde. All the officers of the National
Guard, which during the latter part of the sitting
had occupied the wide space at each side of the estrade,
as far as the corners of the tribune, took up their sta-
tions close to them. An immense number of National
Guards were admitted inside the railing, below the
steps, whilst the colours of the different legions were
conducted up with great ceremony to the space between
the pillars, and then disposed at equal distances on each
side of the Provisional Government. The whole of the
open area between the Chamber and.the bridge, and far
down along the quays, on each side was densely
covered with close-packed crowds of people, inter-
spersed with large bodies of the Garde Ikaile and other
National Guards. Cries of " Vive la Republique !"
arose both from the crowd and the troops standing on
the steps ; other cries of "We want the troops of the
line !" "We want the colours of the line !"

burst from the ♦arious parties of the crowd.
This cry was at last repeated so perseveringly that
General Courtais was obliged to descend the steps
and go outside the railing to bring in several colours of
the line, each under a numerous escort. The scene then
became of a most enthusiastic character. Swords were
waved on high; military caps were displayed on the
points of bayonets; the bands played national airs; the
cannon thundered from the Invalides; and the air was
rent with cries of " Vive la Rapublique !" In fact the
Republic was thus publicly proclaimed.
M. Cremieax,member of the Provisional Government,
after calling for silence, read, in the name of the whole
Assembly, the address which had just been made by M.
Berger.

This address was followed by fresh acclamations
and salvos of artillery. The National Guards pre-
sented arms during the ceremony ; the drums beat
and the trumpets sounded, while the members of the
Government and the Deputies returned into the
Chamber.

After a few further returns were made by the
bureaux, the sitting was adj turned, it being seven

o'clock.

It is supposed that not less than 200,000 persons
were present on the occasion, both close to the
Chamber, on the bridge, and on the Place de la Re-
volution.

The National Assembly has issued the following
proclamation

" PROCLAMATION.
" The National Assembly, faithful interpreter of the
statements of the people who have elected it, before
commencing its labours, declares, in the name of the
French people, and in the face of the whole world, that
the Republic proclaimed on the 24th of February,
1848, is, and will remain the form of government of
France. The Republic which France desires has for
its device, liberty, equality, fraternity. In the name
of the couctry the Assembly conjures all Frenchmen
of all opinhins to forget their old differences, and to
form henceforth only one family. The day which unites
the representatives of the people is for all citizens
the festival of concord and fraternity. Vire la Re-
publique "

The Bulletin de la Republique, the official organ
of M. LEDRU ROLLIN, publishes the following :

" ADDRESS OF THE INHABITANTS OF BORRISOLEIGH,
IN THE COUNTY OF TIPPERARY (IRELAND), TO THE

CITIZENS OF FRANCE.

"Citizens,—Five thousand Irishmen, met on the
plains of Tipperary, demand permission to unite with
the rest of their compatriots to congratulate you on your
glorious triumphs. You owe them to your deep love for
liberty, to your indomitable courage, and to your ener-
getic perseverance. It is thus that you have been able
to take as the basis of your Republic the three great
principles of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.
Glorious France!—You have been the asylum of our
exiles, of our clergy; you have received our soldiers into
the ranks of your armies; you have received and pro-
tected our patriots; you have given us your tears and
your blood. And when, a short time ap, Ireland ap
peered to wish to enter into the contest against her vp.
pressors, one of the most illustrious of your citizens,
Ledru Rollin, made the offer to Ireland of the support
of Fiance.

" Be well assured, then, that we never can forget the
testimonies of your sympathy; never will either promises
or threats engage us to raise our banner against you, our
old associate, our eternal friend.
" WILLIAM MORRIS, President.
" M. YELMARTIN, Secretary."
THE NA
IT
A
L ASSEMBLY.
The Assembly
YesterG.7 at twelve o'clock,
and proceeded to hear reports on the returns of
Members. About 200 cases were brought e.rward
by half-past three o'clock, which, with the number of
nearly 450 returns depid.l vu the day before, consti-
tuted a sufficient number to vote for the candidates
for the place of President.

Some conversation took place before the appel
nominal was proceeded to, from which it resulted
that the office of President should be for one month;
that all Members whose elections had or had not
been decided on should vote, excepting those whose
returns had been postponed ; and that M. SCHMIDT

(whose name was specially brought forward) was not
entitled to vote, his case being still .sub lite. The
voting then commenced, and at 6 o'clock the election
terminated as follows :

BUCIIEZ . 3BB
TRELAT
RECURT 9l
IV OIRHATE
CORMENIN

M. Buctuz was, in consequence, declared duly
elected.

This is a great victory for the Moderate party, as
AI. BucHEz was their candidate.

The approaches to the Chamber were perfectly un-
encumbered ; there was no crowd, or any appearance
of either National Guards or troops of the line.
The members of the Provisional Government ap •
peared without their tricoloured sashes.

The Monzteur publishes a decree enacting that the
administration des domaines shall take possession of
all properties, real and personal, composing the old
dotation of the Crown, with the exceptio❑ of those
regularly made over to the public services by the
competent authorities.

The Courrier Francais contains the following
article :—" We learn from a positive source that the
family of Louis PUILIPPE have in their pay at Paris
a certain number of persons engaged to transmit
to them notes on the state of Paris. The pretext
given
.ky these persons to those who, _knowing
them, hive Nrprpssed surprise at seeing. them here,

is that they are charged with packing and sending
off to the family such effects left by them at
the Tuileries as the Provisional Government, in its
magnanimity, has allowed them to remove. It is easy
to conceive the time which the packing of so many
fine things must cost, and the comings and goings this
must occasion. We therefore call the attention of
Citizen CAIJSSIDIERE to this important point, and at
the same time recommend certain representatives
re-
cently elected at Paris to make his wife comprehend
the dangers into which the protection given by her
to persons attached to the Duchess of ORLEANS may
lead the Republic, which her husband is commissioned
to represent."
The following is an account of the situation of the
Bank on Thursday evening, the 4th of May :

ASSETS.

Cash and ingots . . ... 56.049,869 97
Cash at branch banks ... 34.395,122 00
Overdue bills ... ... 18,722,973 47
Bills becoming due in Paris, of which
30,245,0441. are from the branch banks 166,858,588 64
Bills in the branch banks . . 77,153,098 IS
Advances on coin and ingots 6,506.700 00
I)itto on public securities of France . . 10,669,983 90
Due trom the branch banks on their

notes in circulation ... 14.518,500 00
Rentes of the reserve fund ... 10,000,000 00
Rentes of disposable funds ... ... 11,660,197 89
Hotel and furniture of the bank 4,000,000 00
Interest in branch bank at Algiers ... 1,000,000 00
Interest in Nationsl Discount Bank ... 200,00 t) 00
Bills protested 23,579,480 39
Bills arising from the sale of Rentes to
Russia yet to be received ...
Expenses of administration ...

Sundries ... . .
Advance to the State on Boni du Tresor

of the Republic

80.924 92
541.904 51
729,856 82

... 50,000,000 00

486,567,909 69

aim to be present among the valiant German brethre
to give your lives' blocd for the freedom of your belove
country.
" the call to your duty is not from without only; Y°g
aid is also to maintain order at home, to secure reaped
and obedience to the laws, and to uphold our constitution
"For the attainment of this high and glorious°Wel
and for the fulfilment of these honourable but difficull
duties, no sacrifice will be considered by you too grest.e
rl
"I expect this of you with implicit confidence, myt u
and valiant warriors, firmly resolved to lead you on al
own example. " FREDERICK
" Potsdam, May 1, 1848.
(Countersigned) " Count CANITZ."
All the elections at Berlin have gone off tranquilly'
but the number is so great and they are so widely
dispersed that no results upon which any reliant:
could be placed were ascertained up to the ds
of the last accounts.

AUSTRIA.
We have received letters from Vienna
of April. The intelligence of the contest At Cr!_c_b_
of which some accounts reached Vienna on the Yls`b;
produced considerable sensation at the Bourse'
with
Five per Cents. closed at 66i, and Exehavgeorb to
London at 11 20. The contest at Cracow' SPPes.
have been chiefly brought about by. French ern • b
r
of tbe 3000,1 h
ries (" barricade-makers"), and a number 0'
emigrants, unconnected with Gallicia.
blisheairo°
The following official documents, pu•
prmil of t°
extraordinary supplement to the Abend-4,--
day possess considerable interest. 4
18
" CRACOW, APRIL -- 96 ' joielies
" Yesterday Baron Krieg was attacked with loce, bi
in his room, which at the same time forms his es' cons'
a crowd of persons coming from the National B
Ulf
mittee ; his official papers were seized, and tbdest
himself subjected to ignominous treatment, 55 web 04
led as a hostage to the National Committee, .1-00
escort of armed National Guards, on which ‘1cc,,5,-Sor
thrust was made at him with a blunt sabre, wit"'
ever, doing him any injury. it rase
At the time when the crowd first assembled'sa•
not known that this demonstration was directed sAbto
the person of the Comtnissiener, or with a eiewt° o
possession of the secrets of the service, and thea+ibe
being closely surrounded by armed National Gll5
scenes passing within did not transpire. , • nee
" Immediately on receiving the first intelllgekkt:
what had occurred, I sent Major-General 13'iron °.
agerta coo,
to the main guardhouse, with orders to
character of the assemblage; to take with him ft°, Pr,
panies of infantry and the cavalry division, in c`';'igeOct
services might ho required; and to act as the e"
might demand. its°,:
" I caused the remaining troops to procsss,. ssje
diately to the alarm posts. On the arrival °`„i
General Moltke at the main guard-house sel;scel:4"
sions of the National Guard were repairing
of the uproar, the commander of the Neti°s and fig(
-
was sent for, but only an adjutant appeare'illd
nounced that the National Guard alone ritl-rose,'"'
their duty, and that then, if they shotthi Pas vh;
sufficient, the military must interfere. Th.,°,7sili,t's
questionably apprised of what was going. ors "„a see he
house, the National Guard kept it a prefoe" es ri
Berlina 110,
and made no report on the matter.
General went to the assembled rioters,. I,,,l'd4,f:jele°
the National Guard had carried off Baron Krieg
de
house of the Committee situate on the great stoltS
" On my arrival in the square, the furinksiwortel7,
demanded that I should give out 200 weapons 'fid
the National Guard, and that the military sh°"oMoD
diately retire ; for under there couditiona A
bloodshed be avoided. ode
"I p eremptorily refused both these deviost C°.3,4
insisted on the immediate giving up of the Of ticco,ea
missioner. After three hours' negotiation Ow
in obtaining his release without making used oil
force, after which the crowd gradually retire •ed, 1 be
" After the Commissioner had been srlea s
obich
not fail to declare that I disavowed all sceisstraitiVil
might have signed during the period of his the
pronounced them null aud vot
d. #0 recs. 0
been d npt e
Baron Krieg had, in fact. forced b
order given to stop the emigrants whentelangds:dbythros:ol:
Gallicia at the frontiers; and this 0°
tional Committee had immediately disPat.ehe of Sesit°oo
of an extra train, to the frontier station n
the 0)
The necessary measures were, therefore, take ,ore,
night to hinder the execution of the order so et:_eoste.,
" I now proceed to adopt those serious woe
which appear to be indispensably necessary 10
sent melancholy posture of affairs.
'• CRACOW, Apart. 21,
" CASTIGLIONE, Field-Marshal Lieutetilslit
" To the report of F. M. L. Count Castiglionelloieg
terday's date, I have the honour to add the f°
lbs
intelligence:--
" Alter Baron Krieg had, in consequence o,stlio:
events of yesterday, virtually given up liis,„'sitsri
rity. and made over the combined civil and 'itefven-,
power to Count Castiglione, the popular e°,,esai-
increased in such a wa
every hour more probable. Even in the 10°I.
that an outbreak, 00011
large masses of people assembled in the treAe•-•/,ibte6
wards mid-day a great number of lances lc'
the
were taken from a smith at the sugegsestion;sbils
police. It happened, on this occasion -that
(were fired from the neighbourhood f, this st"'•• reltj•i.
fence on the company appointed to °assist rho bc; sl
sinners of the police, which
isolated shots on the side of the fru ps gave,,,." P°s;6';
being returne'he .
for an alarm. The garrison came outo to' the ,s-,-1310;, rit
Count Castiglione visited the citadel, and
to the main square, where four companiesbis err'olte
and a division of cavalry were drawn upt °°
here it was announced that barricades were, -rricsuer
structed in many of the streets. The first ,eB",sb°"/0
the Flurianigasse was immediately stormed ;he tryyd
of balls fell from the neighbouring houses on ' deep Dd
engaged in this service. . The barricade was 50011se die
high that it did not appear possible 10 t
maintain it without heavy loss. It was evide,l3,bat
c°osid
first assault that the rising was general, and
eels e'
quently a longer continuance in the narrow sir oert,
have led onl to ueless blooshed. 010 t
" The divisions which stood on the n'ne,S;oo
rcb
withdrawn, and led into a concentrated
tp°':h,-rts
ouut
toot of the Castle, already indicated by t.e ,ide.
had been given. In the attack above Inentw-de sod "46
Castiglione was wounded by a shot in the beeope t•seti
He, however, retained the command for b.odel.
ordered the town to be fired upon from the cl e
transferred the command of the troops iD
quarter before 6. last *Jill
" The bombardment was continued. „ot A:au
the evening, Prince Jablonowski and v°,:treee:doe!
Potocki made their appearance with a Ilktg cl` soPd's'y
declared themselves ready to accept all the figer)-
required by the military, and adsadapted to the the
the occasion.
" The bombardment was stopped, afterodifhl'i
capitulation given below was drawn up, ti
d 11)
ceased.
"In this engagement our troops es- seeerls ,
a 10 de,.. Ti)
about 40 wounded, among the latter four °'-61:0`',01
loss of the insurgents is reported to be consitie„-t less.s.o
"Last night the troops bivouacked vvitha; cle'` if
their post, while the mortars designed for
vial oohed
of the citadel were mounted on the ramps bide'
contrary to exptctation, the disturbances evic'e dec.
newed, lamin a position to take yet Ilwr lit
measures. stns' tlit
" Reserving to a later occasion a more ea-tAtied ,c
account of the conflict, 1 cannot refrain frop,Bspir
all the troops were animated by the hes", -sies.„ert
fought with true devotion, bravery, and resoui, Govior(4
" Capitulation concluded with the Attr,strnit'srel Yves?,
meat through its representative Misjor-ves-00, tu'i or
Moltke on the one side, and the city of Crsaceas-004-'
ate
its representatives Prince Stanislatis Jab; es, ‘,45)1
Count Adam Potocki on the other, in 1,14T()e 1"-e
26th of April, at half_past
"1. The city of Cra •pledges • If t° "-AO/ It?
Cracow itself nt
eight in the everaivevtoo,-,al
Polish and French emigrants, who are 11".,-j 1101,s-
subjects, from the city and territory and heY°-,000.-I°'
trian frontiers within 24 hours, and the their
guarantees that they shall not be molested °li cr,
to "
2. the frontier. t
The committee now in operation -dl ~,t)
up from the date of the present capitulatioot , - 714
committee is to be formed, so be 19
" 3. The now existing National Guard is -retell ,0
purified and re-organized according to the bi, arotti.
contained in the patent of the 15th Mshr„, jet„effssela
subsequent instructions of the Minister of 1P- of. L./vie
" 4. All the barricades erected in the city : 0,
are to be opened and entirely removed by e'g
sees
to-morrow at the latest. eons% if
"5. The injuries proved to be sustained in -lot/ or
of this day's (teem rences by the Austrian reit:, be "
viduals and the officers of Government, are '"
good by the city. 13$1
"6. All private individuals, and the Nano .I,F•
•
especially, are to lay down their arms. A
" A full amnesty is assured to all cot"' m
occurrences.
"In conclusion, the first point of the Pr cone
ditions is so far modified that as the entire tone p,"
24r
the emigrants cannot be effected within thaire4 I,
{Or
account of their wrest number, the term 010-
departure from the Austrian territories +5
three days.

" CraCow, as above,
" S i ANISLAUS,
Prince •
" JABLUN IV SKI -at Df'
"ADAM, Count YOTOCxT."—it-50"
The selection "CHARLES, Baron MOL'-
" ULRICHSTHAL, •
n"
ofT Ht
hEeOißvAa
hLiDin,a
riCnaeprt a ipo;ss e
out the slightest disturbance.,
From the Journal of the Austrian ililfisteic;frj';
26th, it appears that the war-brig 3-I°ll-1,10g,!,
three gun-boats, and one niche were
the gulf, to hinder all communications with ofr'
The frigate Bellona was to leave Pole °rl:l3lreePter:'
with the same object, and another frigate, t'e. 'e
and the brig Oreste, were to join the flee! 1:e1";
days. According to the last account, the it,
tions with Palma have led to no re $ll toiri?
the report of the capitulation of Treviso vitlsis'ig
the least, premature. The brigade Sclivio t
pf
o
posted in Codroipo, and had sent a detael)l3l,efe
opposite shore. Cervignano is said to hate
rendered. The communication between Ire
Mantua was interrupted on the 24th. cilKd
The Hungarian Government has s
donor to Ffesburg o
t Z•
to make an