The Sun.
London, England, 1846-01-19 00:00:00

THE BRAZILS.

FALMOUTH, SUNDAY 1110RNING, JAN. 18.—The Crane
packet, Lieutenant Lewis, arrived this morning with the
Brazil mails, having sailed from Rio de Janeiro on the 7th
of December. She brings only two passengers, viz., Mr.
Lynd and Mrs. Stevens, and about 40,0001. on freight, prin-
cipally in gold and diamonds on mining account. The ex-
change was ruling at 254, with some particular transactions
at 251. This depression was owing to the bad accounts of
Brazil produce received from Europe by the Express packet,
which arrived on the 28th of November.
Her Majesty's ship Apollo, with troops. sailed from Rio on
the 27th of November for the River Plate. Her Majesty's
steamer Cyclops was lying at the Rio awaiting the instruc-
tions from Mr. Hamilton, the British Minister, who it was
supposed was about taking leave, and that Mr. Hudson
would have charge during his absence. On the
packet's departure the Chambers were sitting and de-
bating the law of search ; they continue to rennin
neutral in the Monte Videan affair. Antonia Carlos d'ln-
drade died at Rio the 6th December. The branch packet
with the River Plate mails had not reached Rio when the
Crane left, but accounts from that quarter had been received
by an Amecican vessel to the 22d of November, which state
that the Republic of Paraguay had declared war against
Rosas about the latter end of October, and that about 54
merchant vessels had sailed for the Corientes about the 27th
of October, under the protection of the allied squadrons, who
were taking measures to open the river as far as Paraguay.
The Emperor was at the city of Rio Grande, where he was
very well received. •
The demand for coffee, for North America chiefly, has
been great, and the price of this article has risen to—su-
perior, 3,250 reis to 3,400 reis; good, first, 3,100 reis to 3,150
reie ; good, second, 2,600 reis to 2,700 reis.
The present stock is small, say about 11,000 bags. Sugars
have rated at last quotations, but the Campos fleet had partly
arrived, and about 2,800 cases are now on the market, for
which prices have not yet opened. Freights were dull at
455. to 50s. per ton. Six per Cent. Steck, 761,4.

PRINCE ALBERT'S LIBERAL DONATION.—From a
letter addressed to the parochial authorities of Clewer by
Major-General Wemyss, it appears that his Royal Highness
Prince Albert has spontaneously expressed his intention to
present an annual sum—equal to the amount of rates which
would have been payable.,had he been legally liable—to the
parish of Clewer, in consideration of those portions of Flemish
Farm which belong to that parish. This generous act on
the part of his Royal Highness will, we imagine, lessen the
number of malcontents at his denial of his liability to be
rated, while, at the sane time, it enforces that denial more
emphatically than ever. In their acknowledgement of this
gratuity, the churchwardens and overseers of Clewer express
their decided opinion that there is no legal claim whatever
upon the Prince-Consort for poor-rates upon Flemish Farm,
while they also convey to him their deep sense of his muni-
ficence upon the present occasion.
THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM.—The following list of
distinguished fashionables have, since the holidays,
honoured this favourite establishment with their pre-
sence :—Prince George of Cambridge, Duke of Marl-
borough, Lord Dorchester, Countess Charlemont, Lady
Essex, Lord Sondes, Lord Gardiner, Lord De Mauley,
Lady A. Seymour, Lady Montefiure, Lady Green,
Earl and Countess Harrington, Lady Knox, Lord St.
Germains, Lord Willoughby D'Eresby, Lady Macfar-
lane,Captain Grimston, Sir C. Marshall,
Lord Castlereagh, Sir W. and Lady De Beath,
Hon. Mrs. Norton, Sir J. Woodhurst, Sir J. Paul, Sir
W. Montague, Sir G. Armstrong, Hon. Captain Curzon,
Captain Macdonald,
Colonel Pearse, Major Stevens, Mr.
The Somerset County Gazette states that on Thurs-
day a meeting, on the subject of the corn-laws, was held
FrootnaneinlPlatt, Sr. and .Mrs. Ord, &c. &c.
at Stogumber. in Somersetshire, and presided over by
Mr. Bickham Escott, nr. The Protection Society had
been privately hawking about a petition, to which they
had obtained some thirty signatures in favour of protec-
tion, and which they represented as the petition of the
atn
inhabitants of Stogumbm. To protest against this arro-
gl7snoto
apsesrusnionPstin a public meeting was called, and
ignantly repudiated all connection with
thee titioPn
agreed to a counter-
presentation to the House of Commons.
We La\ a re.,,,.:0) to believe that Lord Home will
counter-
petition,
nio) e the Address in reply to her Majesty's Speech in the
House of Lords. No Eger has yet been selected to second
Lord Home.—Times.
protectionist iNss ,t as petition,
e
rustd or. Bickham Escott for
and agreed

NG, JANUARY 10, 1846.

DEFUNCT RAILWAY SCHEMES.

(From the Times.)
In reference. to the list which we published a few days since
under this head, i'Ve have been requested to make the follow-
ing explanations :
The Nottingham, Erewash Valley, Ambergate, and Man-
chester; the Nottingham, Vale of Belvoir, and Grantham;
and the Nottingham and Boston, are amalgamated under the
title of the Ambergate, Nottingham, and Boston and Eastern
Junction Railway Company ; and this line has fulfilled all
Parliamentary requirements.
The Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne, and Manchester Rail-
way declare that they have deposited all the plans necessary
to entitle them to proceed with their several intended Bills.
The Directors of the Midland Great Western Railway of
Ireland and Royal Canal Company declare that they did de-
posit the plans, &c., on the 31st of December, for the three
extensions which they projected—viz., to Galway, to Sligo,
and to the River Liffey.
The Hull and Barnsley Jlinction Railway Company say
that the Company arc prepared to apply to Parliament for the
extension of the Hull and Barnsley Junction Railway to
Market- Weighton and Great Driffield.
The York, Carlisle, and Durham, Westmoreland, and
Lancashire Junction Railway Company beg not to be con-
founded with a York and Carlisle Railway Company, as not
having made the necessary deposits of plans, &c., and notices
is the Private Bill- office on the 31st of December, 1845.
With reference to our statement respecting the Cambridge
and Worcester line, we are requested to state, that the line
from Cambridge to Worcester, known as the Midland and
Eastern Counties line, bac duly complied with the standing
orders, and is prepared to go to Parliament this session.
The West Riding Union being amalgamated, has complied
with the standing orders.
The Northern and Southern Connecting Railway Company
desire that it may not be confounded with one of very similar
title which has not deposited its plans.

LITERATURE.
THE COMIC ANNUAL for 1846. By Thomas Hood.
Poor Toin Hood'S capacity—his extraordinary
capacity—for composition?, of the very highest poetical
merit, has recently been commemdfated by ourselves,
In reviewing the late republication of hie poems.
Now, by the repiint of his renowned " Whimsicali-
ties," at this moment lyitig on oar escritoire, we are
enabled, with some degree of plausibility, to parti-
cularise the exuberance, the sun-heattedness, and
the irresistible breadth of his humour. Almost
everybody has ravelled in the facetiousness which is
squandered with such lavish pleasantry over this
volume ; the contents alternately insinuating a moral
or pointing an eccentricity. A more genial, hearty,
or unaffected exhibition of drollery can scarcely be
discovered anywhere, and gloriously has Leech em-
bodied several of Hood's happiest creations. His il-
lustration to that illustrious conceit ending—
" No warmth, no cheerfulness, no healthful ease,
No comfortable feel in any member,
No shade, no shine, no butterflies, no bees,
No fruits, no flow'rs, no leaves, no birds—November 1"
is rich to an extreme ; the frostbitten smear of a
man's figure just discernable through the fog, his
(literally) frieze coat muffled up to his nose, the
canal water at his feet too thickly encrusted with ice
to permit of suicide—all these concomitants, produced
simply with parallel lines, bring that most miserable
and blue-devillish month before oi.le palpably and
visibly. Then Miss Crane—the Miss Crane—with
her button nose and her starched mittens—there,
from the pencil of Leech, you can almost diotino!sh
her shrill, scrooping voice, as she utters the grace
before meat :—" For what we are going to receive—
elbow s, elbows !—the Lord make us—backs in and
shoulders
Amen."
Then Mr. Pryme, the famous Mr. Pryme,
with his bald head as " Scarlet as a love-apple"--
there he is to the very life; and Mrs. Gardiner, too, as
she appeared when chasing away that incorrigible
pig, who derived such exquisite gratification from
wallowing in a bed of tulips ; and James Hockin,
and Mr. Crumpler, there they are all together
finished to a hair or a wrinkle—sheer callotypes.
Nevertheless, capital as are these productions of
Leech, grotesquely as they are conceived and excel-
lently as they are reduced to form—they still lag far
behind those rough, inartistic, malformed pictorial
jokes, which only Hood could accomplish or invent,
for comicality and point; from " HullahLbaloo,"
as a chorus of singers shouting in concert, after the
system of Mainzer and his fellow-labourer, to " Does
your mother know you're out ?" as uttered by the
faam-yard cock to the chicken just popped from its
shell. And as to the extravagant joceseness of the
literature, nothing need be insisted upon that question;
almost every one being familiar with its amazing and
preposterous humour. Surely there is nobody but
remembers the " Sea-Totaller," and that scrap of in-
corrigible fun christened "An Extraordinary Ope-
ration." And surely everybody recollects " The
Longest Hour in my Life," and " The Camberwell
Beauty." And surely—and surely a remembrance of
" The Grimsby Ghost " can never have evaporated
from the memory of any one who has once travelled
over those thirteen mortal chapters, all athirst
to discover the important secret which troubles the
phantom of the late widow Mullins, the chaud-
leress, and causes it to haunt the shop In
her favourite post " between the coffee-mill and
the barrel of red herrings," until the goblin
at last divulges the secret to her daughter,
in those remarkable and memorable words—" Mary,
it arn't booked, but there's tuppence for sandpaper at
aniuumbr ninerineg,
the Ire'
a' Fromdyfan allcyandssubjects,ponteven
a neous the
w mosti
to f uoon-
d
extracted materials for our merriment, sunning them
at the same moment with the glow of philanthropy.
The summer air, with its green " luxury of
boughs," the vernal -glory of the dingle,
or the gleam of water in a midnight valley,
stirred up his heart with a mysterious, but
potent gladness ; he wandered through the natural
cloisters of the forest with his whole soul brimming
up with a love for Nature and Nature's God. In those
moments he was a poet of the loftiest order; his mind
was attuned to the subtlest presence of beauty ; ex-
trinsic loveliness, however, partial or minute, found a
ready response in his bosom. His thoughts were
then purified to an exceeding delicacy, and his words
were musical and modulated in proportion. But in
his gayer moments, when the wine of Anacreon
seemed to stain his lips, and the heart flashed up
through the eye in sparkles of merriment, none could
vie with him in the wonderful richness of his drollery ;
his quips had the gold of originality, and shone with
the lustre of their absurdity. As a collection of this
true and legitimate species of humour, this reprint of
" Hood's "Whimsicalities" is without a parallel.

THE CITY POLICE.
Mr'. D. W. Hat Vey transmitted the following report to
the Lord Mayor on Saturday :
" City Police- office, Old Jewry, Jan. 16, 1846.
" Lord —I have the honour to enclose a statistical re- wa
turn for the year ending the 31st of December, 1845, if; that;
working of the City Police.
- -
-
" It is with great satisfaction that I direct yo
ship's attention to the comparatively insignlfican of
the property stolen during the past year, amoun it ';"‘o,„ev
does, to the sum of 5,674/. Is. 11d. only, of wh _
leavingsuecessano
of
average of
vigilance
fiLoeme eitshiitte is re-
-2
trim
11107. e ar edcaoyv d
. e r eTi;e
markable, when your Lordship is informed that r in-
qairies and observations confirm the fact, that upw
1,000 persons of loose propensities enter the City daily,,, ‘'
the sole purpose of committing depredations, and who hen
as the prey of their skilful criminality some hundreds of
thousands of persons, many of whom appear in the City for
the first time, careless and unsuspicious, while not a few
seem indifferent to the admonitions of experience. And
when to this state of things is added that of 1,252 houses
and warehouses reported as insecure-50 of these houses
and warehouses crowded for the most part with valua-
ble and portable commodities, were found to be en-
tirely untenanted by night—l flatter myself, my Lord, I
may claim for the officers and constables of the City police
force the merit of doing their duty. It is not unworthy of
remark that even their exemplary conduct greatly adds to my
responsibility ; for I find the force under my command rather
a nursery for other services than a permanent body, upon
whose staid experience I might rely. During the past year,
of 96 men who have left the force, 53 have so done to as-
sume superior situations, to which a certificate of service has
been their passport. Of he remaining number five have died,
nine have left on account of ill-health, and 16 were found un-
fit for the service after a month's probation. The remaining
13 were dismissed.
" May I be allowed to express my personal gratification
that you are giving your energetic attention, and I trust
eventually with success, to a subject which well deserves it,.
viz.? the unsatisfactory provision for deserted infancy, and
the
aged dee:jtifte within the City. I have, upon many oc-
casions, enlarged puon this interesting and distressing sub-
ject, and I should be delighted to give my humble services
to a cause, whose Ileglect degrades humanity, inflicts
grievous wrong upon the innocent, while
it
ives co
—I have unte
the
n-
ance to skilful vagrancy and deriding cri
honour to be, my Lord, your obedient servant,
"D. W. HARVEY.

" The Right Hon. the Lord. Mayor."
SUMMARY OF THE CITY POLICE RETURNS FOR THE YEAR 1845.
Total number of persons taken to the various stations :
Men, 9,763 ; women, 4,000 ; children, 209. Total, 13,972.
Summonses-1,804, of which there were convicted and
fined, 1,336.

. .
MISCELLANEOUS.
Number of houses and warehouses found insecure (1,252
occupiers living on premises, 80 untenanted, 568 no nightly
residence 'l---1,900.
Fires discovertJ by the police, 158.
Children found (2iV.; restored to their friends, and 602 sent
to the workhouse)-828.
Lives saved by the police, 23.
Robberies (6 burglaries, 785 in dweliiog-houses, 854 from
the person, and 150 in the streets)—l,29s.
Value of property stolen, 5,674/. Is. 11d.
Recovered, 1,743/. 3s. 5.
Found on drunken persons, and restored on their cl.sperture
from the station, 1,0561. 16s. 2d.

THE OMNIBUS SERvicz.—A number of improve-
ments are about to be introduced into the consquction
o 8
the Parisian omnibuses, and, in mentioning them, it is urge&
on the consideration of the Prefect of Police the sad situa-
tion of the drivers, conductors, and subaltern officers of the
omnibus service in general. These remarks are equally ap-
plicable to the London omnibus service. Would you know
the life of an omnibus cad? Every day he must rise at three
in the morning, and must not go to bed till the return to the
depot of the last omnibus, that is, an hour and a half after
midnight. Now what is the salary of such a servant ?
Forty-five sous a day. A driver, for remaining nailed to his
seat from seven in the morning till midnight, gets 3f. 50c.
A conductor, for getting,on and off his toot-board one thou-
sand times a day. and in the intervals standing erect like a
parrot on his perch, exposed to all the jerks of the vehicle,
to all the inclemencies of the weather, and to all the ca-
prices of every goer and corner—for all these an unhappy
conductor gets but 24f. 50c. (1/.) per week. If it be de-
manded what is the possible duration of the service of such
servants, go to the office of any omnibus company whatever,
and not four of these servants will be found the date of whose
service begins at the foundation of these carriages ; that is,
nws,of Saturday,
Grosvenor-place,
in 1828. The omnibus service is murderous.
An dOre npleaceo:cloek,
Camberwell, familyw u of
v eanto
alarmed by hearing the report of a pistol which proceeded
from the
room of a Mr. Barrell (an inmate and cousin of the
greatlyl'
family). It was immediately discovered that the unhappy
gentleman, who was lying on his bed, had shot himself
through the left breast.' Surgicalaid was promptly obtained,
but all assistance was unavailing. In half an hour life was
extinct. It is said that lasses arising from railway specula-
tions caused a temporary delirium.

THE WEST-KENT MILITIA.—The regiment con-
sists of 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant-colonel, 2 majors, 2 captains,
12 lieutenants, 8 ensigns, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster, 1 pay-
master, 1 surgeon, 1 assistant-surgeon. The staff consists of
1 sergeant-major, 13 sergeants, and 896 privates. The
standard is 5 feet 4i inches. All persons are liable to be
drawn who are between the ages of 18 and 45, excepting ap-
prentices, seamen, &c. The militia was called out for 28
days in 1825, and also in 1831. The West-Kent militia have
been twice in Ireland, and it is supposed that if troops are re-
quired in Ireland, the East Kent militia will go this time.--
Dover Telegraph.
DEATH FROM DRUNEENNESS.—On Saturday, Mr.
Wakley, M.P., held an inquest at the Cross Keys, Endell-
street, Long-acre, on the body of Josiah Higham, aged sixty-
three, formerly a pawnbroker. The wretched man lived at -
No. 28, Short's-gardens, and had a monthly allowance from
his brother, a tradesman living en the Surrey side of the
water. The moment he received his allowance he spent it
in rum, of which to the value of 10s. or 12s. ho would drink
in one day. He had been an excessively hard drinker for
the last twenty years. His wife had left him in consequence
of his intemperate habits. On Saturday, the 10th inst., h.
received a present of money, and straightway began to dissi-
pate it in the usual way; in fact, he was drunk from that
day until Thursday night, when he became collapsed; was
placed in bed, attended to by Dr. Bennett, the parish sur-
geon, but he never rallied, and died about noon on Wednes-
day, from, the medical attendant said, the effects of intoxi-
cating liquors. A dispute arose between the Coroner and
one of the jury, who said this was not a case in which an
inquest need have been held; but the Coroner told the juror
it was not his business to make such remarks. The jury
were about to return a verdict of " Death frem natural
causes," when the Coroner said that such a verdict would not
be dissimilar to one he saw the other day in a Sussex paper,
viz., that a child had died from drinking too much of its
mother's milk. The jury re-considered, and returned the
following verdict ;—" That he died from drinking excessively
of alcoholic liquors."
THE RAILWAY KING AT NORTHAMPTON.—Of
Saturday last we were honoured with a visit by Mr. Hudson,
Mr. W. E. Peel, Mr. Villiers, and several other directors of
different railways, :who met the commmissioners of the Nen
Navigation, of whom were present Earl Spencer, the Marquis
of Northampton, E. Bouvene, Esq., and many other gentle-
men of the county.—Northampton Herald
INJURY BY THE KICK OF A HORSE.—Yesterday
morning, between eleven and twelvo o'clock, a serious acci-
dent occurred to Mr. Richard Ackett, of Wimpole-street,
Cavendish-square, who, having occasion to give his groom
some directions, had gone to the stable for that purpose,when
a horse kicked out violently with both hind legs. Mr. Ackett
received the full force of the kick upon his chest and ribs,
and he was dashed against the opposite wall. He was im-
mediately conveyed to his residence, and surgical assistance
obtained, four of his ribs being broken on the right side.
A GANG OF MURDERERS AND ROBBERS.—Com-
mitted to Nenagh gaol, by Mr. John G. Jones, R.M., Philip
Maher, for the murder of Thomas Shanahan, process-server,
near Borrisoleigh, on the 21st of October, 1844 ; also for the
robbery of Quinlan and Cormack, near Annameadle ; Mi-
chael Meares, of Pentane, and Philip Maher, for the attack on
Hogan, near Bawn, when John Hogan was severely injured
from a gun-shot wound ; Edmund Ryan, John Conway,
Thomas Dwyer, and John Kennedy, of Bawn, the latter a
respectable farmer's son, and the person who brought the
.
party to Hogan's house. This gang was connected with
several other persons who were engaged to go in all
direc-
tions theminurde. Since n
r NorthßtidaiinrgarrofesTit
asppveerraerybcaor
arszttingtersoutthraathvgese
anda
absconded. There is most satisfactory evidence_ agues
has turned
Ipoeorre dn
s have occurred to this county. One
arrested,onas
one aofndatehme
obartenimkipnogr.iptthe
gang
thought it is that the perpetrators of all the
AmFroN, JAN. 18.— T h Peninsular
;eEdmoceC shortly
rrhkaOeodm7Ar.brought
Ai
Company'syi°sus:yesterday
hvantlhsaweseLtnu;rmhSctevents
Lihoacthatmorning,whjustice.meOnenrcQueen
Company's
steam-packetug9a:
Nuaupsesera,lanrdia'-
gpassengers,.M.
edAr for-
warded landediute:
GibraltartC aahtnneidoiAt a nGsonivanir Gibraltar arkyae
eiylD Russell,gtt 1:1°
ntuPhhe nlaAillanßf inst.adbrerru
ienoUo :t
Oporto and Vigo, llth ; and Corunna, 13th. She has twelve
steamer Royal Tar, Captain Evans,leftg at 3 P.M. yesterday,
without mails for Gibraltar, Cadiz, Lisbon, Om ; also forty
passengers, and a carp of bale goods. The Royal West
India Mail packet the Medway, Captain Andrews, left the
river yesterday with the West India mails, thirty-eight pas-
sengers, and a cargo of stores, for the Company's ships at the
different islands. The Dee is expected from the West Indies
on Tuesday. The Great Liverpool will leave for Alexandria,
with the East India and China mails, on Tuesday.
THE LATE SIR HERBERT COMPTON.—ThiS .dis-
tinguished man, whose death took place a few days since,
was no ordinary character, and raised himself by his own
exertions to the important offices which he successively filled,
with honour to himself and advantage to the country. Sir
Herbert Compton embraced the military profession very early
in life, and served with his regiment for some time in India;
but, returning to India, he entered on the study of the law,
which he sedulously pursued. Having completed his hip'
studies, he revisited India, and joined the bar at Fort t.
George, where he soon became distinguished. His zeal,
ability, and untiring assiduity obtained for him the lucrative
Government appointment of Advocate-General successively
at Madras and Calcutta ; and subsequently the distinguished
post of Chief Judge of Bombay. At various periods of his
career he received public testimonials for his official services
from both Europeans and natives, the last testimonial being a
valuable service of plate, presented by the native inhabitants
of Bombay, with their grateful acknowledgments of his worth
and the high estimation in which his services were held.
It has lately been assorted in the Canterbury press,
that it is the intention of the Belgian Government to remove
the mail packet service from Dover to Ramsgate. W
.a
_are.
happy to have it in our power to state that this report :Lit
tirely without foundation, and that the Belgian _uev
D d which will
have three new fast steamers nearly
mcoinnvaetyinnthuefßtheel
Dover Telegraph.
RAILWAY TERMINUS AT
FATAL ACCIDENT AT TUN
gciosilintrMacatilisrifrthonitheOSostanuthdßlver'
youth, abclut 15 years
as an enFine• cleaner,
k i‘t roso y aPtender upon a siCdeo°lunraipthanle, yte:l-8
ofSO atrgTo,FlAlnamlTTeOdNjamoNesFßßlDusty
of coke on a cross rail, not giving the
dwretihe want of caution in four men who
twirmhe frieel
pushing a w
"100 out." out." Before the poor boy could get
thesinboastrhetrdofitthteowpiaegegesonTcahuegbhotdhyimwauspiomnmthee.
cidl°2uuursauestteida°ltreanytsgiuculgntakndlagnimat.wienetilogralain:Ygntofe' IBaYdl.eY Railway Hotel, and a coroner's in-
quest met on Saturday, when, after a very
tengsfauntuiroernam,
baeynveceardeloliecrdtgoeifnc';
onArftecehiedErenunscitma.,l, Dcwoerohatenhne'r't,whfeuoyr
fLmasru.yed.a
tw"sheaeteruriercrnhismte-nrdlitaignnoldvisdteuhtee caution in not looking ahead before moving
the waggon. The terminus at Southampton has been open
now several years, yet by the carefal carrying out of the
company's regulations by their officers and servants, not a
single accident has occurred prior to the unfortunate one of
Friday last, although engines are moving about the premises
upwards 9f fifty times a day.

PIRIT of the AMERICAN PRESS.

(From Papers received by the Acadia.)
The Washington correspondent of the Boston Atlas says:
—" It must be manifest to the reflecting observer, that the
Oregon portion of the Message was framed to suit the in-
flamed state of opinion at the west, in order to attach the
support of that section to the President : and it is equally
clear no hostilities were designed, no matter how much are
proclaimed, or else Mr. Polk is even more incompetent to his
station than the common consent of the intelligence of the
country had already considered him ; for here is a war docu-
ment in all its features, if the recommendations are enacted,
urging the overthrow of the tariff, the source of revenue and
support of Government, silent as to a suitable increase of the
navy for such an emergency, and without one paragraph in
favour of army preparations, for a crisis so probable, in such
a contingency. His sails were spread to catch the popular
breeze, and his prescriptions were regulated according to the
pulse of the west."
A distinguished democratic senator, high in the confidence
of the Administration, and entirely familiar with the whole
train of the negotiations in regard to Oregon, stated yester-
day that he believed "war inevitable, if the notice to ter-
minate the joint occupancy was given by Congress." Of
this, however, I apprehend but little danger. A Bill to that
effect will be heedlessly rushed through the House, and com-
mand almost a full party majority—but it is destined to a
most summary expulsion from the doors of the Senate. An
organisation of IFIr. Calhoun's friends is now maturing
against all these fiery proceedings, and nothing but his pre-
sence (which will take place in a few days) is wanting to
complete it.
So far as Congress is concerned, Mr. Calhoun holds the
fate of a war measure in his own hands. There is every rea-
son to believe he will exercise this high power and responsi-
bility with prudence and patriotism ; and the splendid spec-
tacle will be presented of himself and Webster standing
shoulder to shoulder, for the preservation of peace and na-
tional honour. On a full ballot, without the Texas Senators,
the democratic majority is six. Of these, Mr. Calhoun can
carry on this question, Mr. M'Duffie, MrLewis, Mr. Bagby,
Mr. 'Wescott, which, with the Whig vote, would defeat any
proposition. In addition, there is a prospect of securing
Colquitt, Levy, and Dix. So that, in no reasonable contin-
gency, do I consider war as probable, if the American Con-
gress is to declare it.
A Bill, extending our laws and protection over American
citizens in Oregon, will undoubtedly, and very properly pass
both Houses ; and no Whig, in either branch, will hesitate in
demanding the last inch of our ascertained rights—and, if
necessary, at the point of the bayonet ; but if that extremity,
lamentable in whatever aspect it may be presented, is to
come, let us " first be sure we're right, then go ahead."
FROM THE OREGON EMIGEANTS.—The Chicago Democrat
of the 2d inst., publishes the following letter, brought by Dr.
White, Indian Agent, who, with three gentlemen, recently
returned from Oregon :
" We are now fifteen miles below Fort Boise, capped for
the night, and all in good health and spirits. We have
travelled from Platte river in companies of from four to fif-
teen, in perfect safety. We have now made both crossings
of Snake River, and find ourselves within about three hun-
dred miles of the valley of Wallamett. Doctor White says
the people below will meet us at the Dalles with plenty of
boats and provisions to take us down, and that there is no
danger from the Indians, if we go in companies of ten waggons,
although we had been told at Forts Hall and Boise, by the
clerks of the Hudson's Bay Company, that it was not only
an almost impassable road, but that the Indians were de-
termined to oppose us—all of which is untrue. There ap •
pears to be a great anxiety on the part of the Hudson's Bay
Company, to turn as many of the Oregon people to Cali-
fornia as possible ; and for that purpose they have employed
some of the worst rascals in the mountains, to intercept the
emigrants at Fort Hall, and turn as many to California as
they can, by telling them there is no grass, wood, nor water
(except Snake River) on the Oregon road—that it is utterly
impassable on account of rocks and mountains, and that
Snake River never has or can be forded with waggons; all of
which we all know is false. On the other hand, they re-
ported that the road to California is either up or down river
bottoms of one eternal pasture. But, in Oregon, they say,
the people would starve, were it not for the cattle driven
from California. And for all this, it is certain they are paid
a premium, for all that go, by the company, and demand also
1,25 doll. per head of the emigants themselves, for pilotmoney.
In this way, 12 waggons, belonging to the more timid and
fickle-minded of the people, have been led off on that road
this season.—Your obedient servant,

"A. 11. THOMPSON.
" P. S. Let emigrants leave Independence by the 20th of
April, and not in companies of more than fifteen waggons, and
ten is still better."
The Ashtabula (Ohio) Sentinel has a long letter from Ore-
gon city, written in April last. It is from one of the settlers
to hifather, residing in Ohio. Speaking of Dr. McLaugh-
lin, the writer says:—" He has shown much hospitality to
the emigrants by relieving the distressed, crediting and
lending assistance necessary to their settlement. There is a
settlement of emigrants, from Red River, Canada, and Dr.
McLaughlin has recently sent for three hundred additional
settlers. The Hudson's Bay Company have now in their
employ a hundred natives from the Sandwich Islands; some
of them have been here for twenty years."
We copy the following from the Boston Atlas of the 22d
December :
" Mr.. WINTHROP'S COMPROMISE RESOIXTIONS.—III the
House of Representatives, on Friday last, the Hon. Robert
C. Winthorp offered the following resolutions, and gave
notice that he intended to support their adoption :
" Resolved,—That the differences between the United
States and Great Bt itain on the subject of the Oregon ter-
ritory are still a fit subject for negotiation and compromise ;
and that satisfactory evidence flan not yet been afforded that
no compromise which the United States ought to accept can
be effected.
" Resolved,—That it would be a dishonour to the age in
which we live, and in the highest degree discreditable to
both the nations concerned, if they should suffer themselves
to be driven into a war, upon a question of no imm diate er
practical interest to either of them.
" Resolved,—That if no other mode for the amicable ad-
justment of this question remains, it is due to the principles
of civilisation and Christianity that a resort to arbitration
should he had; and that this Government cannot relieve
itself from all responsibility which may follow the failure to
settle the controversy, while this resort is still untried.
" Resolved,--That arbitration does not necessarily involve
a reference to crowned heads, and that if a jealousy of such a
reference is entertained in any quarter, a commission of able
and dispassionate citizens, either from the two countries
concerned, or from the world at large, offers itself as an
obvious and unobjectionable alternative."
Mr. Douglass, of Illinois, on the other hand, offered the
_ followinre which he gave notice he should call up, whenever
Mr. Winthrop's were considered, and should move them ass
substitute:
" Resolved—That the dile of the United States to the
territory of Oregon, up to 54 deg. 40 min., is not a subject
of compromise.
Resolved—That the question of title ought not to be
submitted to arbitration."
The House adjourned without any definite action in refer-
ence to these resolutions. We have, it is true, but faint
hopes that a majority of the House can be induced to take
the same high and statesmanlike view of the Oregon con-
troversy that is presented in the admirable resolutions of our
faithful representative. We rejoice, however, that the effort
-has been made ; and we hope that it will be pressed upon
Congress with a resolute determination to leave no honour-
able means untried to induce the adoption of a wiser, a more
prudent and rational policy. Let the party-ridden majority
of the House be at least made to hear the voce of reason
and of common sense; and if Congress still persists in listen-
ing only to the mad and frantic promptings of wicked and
unprincipled demagogues, the blame will at least not rest
upon the heads of those who have used every honourable
mein* to avert the evil. Let the people, too, be made to
know who among their representatives are willing to involve
the country in all the dangers of a needless, wasteful, and
perhaps ruinous war.
It is said that the Duke of Wellington—who is just about
as furious for war, in England, as General Cass is in this
country—openly declares that, if there is a war with America,
it shall be a short war. If his Grace will look back into the
archives of the Government, of which he is a member, he will
find that a person somewhat celebrated in English history, by
the name of " Lord North," made a very similar declaration
some seventy years ago.
It might not be a bad plan, if the American and British
Governments would so agree, to submit the Oregon question
to the arbitrament of personal combat—and let the Duke of
Wellington and General Cass go out and do battle, as the
g
representatives of their respective nations. Such a fight,
ht
_to
us, would be much like that of the bear and
rattle-snake.
We should not feelvery solicitous as to the result of
suche;
contest, either in regard to combatants engaged, or the stake
at issue.
It is altogether too preposterous an idea to be seriously
entertained, that two great and prosperous nations, like Eng-
land and America, should go to war, for a few degrees of
sterile territory, like that of Oregon. Any four able states-
men, of the two countries, could bring the whole matter to a
speedy adjustment. Let our Government appoint Daniel
Webster and John C. Calltgitn, and the British Government
appoint Lord Ashburton and Lord Morpeth, as Commis-
sioners, with fall authority to make a final settlement of
the whole ceeitroversy, and the difficulty would all be set•
tied in flirty days, without the loss of a single life, or a
single dollar of money, except the expense of the commission,
on. tither side.
An enthusiastic Oregonian was vehemently insisting upon
a railroad to the Pacific, in order to secure a direct trade
with China, when a wag remarked that a railroad to China
would undoubtedly have a Trail.
A letter from Washington, dated Dec. 20, says :—The New
York Evening Post, after reviewing the ground in contro-
versy between Great Britain and the United States concern-
ing Oregon, and the strength of the claim of each, closes with
the following brief remark :
" We doubt very much whether Great Britainwould engage
in a war, in which she did not expect an easy victory, for the
sake of suppoiting a claim so manifestly groundless as this."
WasnixozoN RUMOURS—OUR RELATIONS WITH MEXICO.
'The Washington correspondent of the Baltimore Sun fur-
nishes several interesting items. He says that " conferences
are going on between Mr. Pakenham and Mr. Buchanan,
upon the subject of the measures now proposed to be taken by
,-,"nliress for the proteetion of settlers in, and emigrauts to
vregen; fo tribes;tension of our jurisdiction over them and the Indian and for the establishment of a territorial geverninent over Oregon. Also, that the dispatches re-
ceived by the Government from Mexico are deemed. to be. of
inch importance
ovements on as to render necessary some immediate
the part of Congress. Measures will next
week be recommended by the President, with a view to the
prosecution of our just clAuerreupron Mexico to a speedy issue.
Also, that Bancroft, the Secretary the Navy, is preparing a
report on the subject eft e
to Congress by the President lc will be communicated
week, and which will re
commend the immediate finish-
equipment of war
steamers. Also, that the downfallgont
anticipated as certain, will break off all nerrgeortttlirohnich 33
now
Slidell, and his speedy return to the United mayStateswith be.
expected." Further, that "Commodore Stockton will r h
the coast of California just in time to carry out the views of
the United States, in case of a war with Mexico. That he
will have orders to take possession of certain ports in the
Californias, there is no doubt. The next question Will be
whether Great Britain will tamely submit to it. It is con-
jectured that Admiral Sir George Seymour has orders in re-
gard to that matter, and will not be slow to execute them."
And finally, " that Mr. Parrott has appointed.een
tary
of Legation to Mr. Slidell, in Mexico, Mr. Elliott, he of
the white hat,' has gone to Mexico to prevent Mr. Slidell
from buying California. Mr. Slide!' is authorized to offer
twenty millions, including indemnities due to our citizens,
for a proper boundary."
MR. EVERETT ON WAR WITH ENGLAND.—At the Festival
ef the Pilgrims, held at Plymouth, in December last, Mr.
LiTerett, in the course of the speech, said—" In reference to
my late official capacity, to which you have made an allusion
eo flattering, I will only say, that I felt that I was, in the
first instance, sent to England to do the public business to the
best of my ability, and that after that was discharged with
fiaelit, to my own government and country, if I could do
anything unbeoffitcwiaelelli,,ibtoe promote a
.good understanding and
kind feeling
in the next degree. felteo countries that also was a duty
that there is something in the
relation between these tw kindred free States diffe-
rent from anything whichelrseteat rweezdos of any two other
countries. That there is somethirnyg precedentpoicese in the
rapid growth, youthful
,maturity, and
tioll of the colonial empire, and th. Sttron pare-
• .7.41440. tea of

' common origin, religion, language, and literature, which, not-
withstanding that separation, • continue to unite us to the
parent country. I could not contemplate these relations
without wishing that they might still form the basis of a
friendly understanding between us, for our mutual benefit,
and for the common benefit of the civilised world. I desired
most ardently that these friendly relations should be strength-
ened, believing that Great Britain and the United States
were the two countries on the face of the globe capable of
doing to each other the greatest good in peace and the
greatest harm in war. For this reason also I rejoice to add,
without trenching on ground forbidden in this company, and
especially to me, that notwithstanding the somewhat critical
state to which the controversy between the two Governments
has arrived, I believe it still capable of a friendly settle-
ment, on terms equally honourable to both parties."
There is no truth in the statement that Mr. Pakenham
has been recalled, or that such an intention was entertained
by the British Cabinet, so far as authentic advices have been
received in this country—and, if such a purpose had been
considered, the publication of the correspondence between
him and Mr. Buchanan, and the existing relations with Eng-
land, would have forbidden its execution at this juncture.—
Washington Paper.
A private communication from Washington says :—" The
British Minister gave a very magnificent entertainment,
within the last week—at which several of the Senators and
Members, of both political parties, attended—showing, at
least, that the social negotiations are not in the desperate
condition represented by those who are disposed to make
mountains of mole-hills. Indeed, Mr. Pakenham, in his
whole intercourse at Washington, has evinced a spirit of hos-
pitality that has not been surpassed by any of the Foreign
Legations, and equalled by none but that of the Russian—
which, from its uniform courtesy and kindness, has established
a sort of domestic attachment for Mr. Bodisco, more perma-
nent and sincere than has ever been awarded to the repre-
sentative of any Foreign Government."
OREGON AFFAIRS.—We learn from the Washington cor-
respondence of the New York Courier, that the bill, intro-
duced by Mr. Douglas, " to protect the rights of American
settlers, in the territory of Oregon, until the termination
of the joint occupancy of the same," is not in the form in
uPr eglindselnt, Billb uptruwvai
ds
emd atefor rit ahlel ye
xmt
send
si fimend
which it was originally drawn up, after consultation with the
lma
wm
si t
at eued. j
uTr
ihs
oifnthCeo
diction of lowa over our citizens within the territory of the
United States west of the Rocky Mountains, without de-
fining that territory; the Bill,
as reported, extends that ju-
risdiction over the territory, including, by specific boundaries,
the whole of that region. The first could not have been
reasonably objected to by the British Government; the last
may, and probably will be, notwithstanding the proviso in
reference to the subjects of Great Britain. Neither did the
Bill, as originally drawn, contain the clause advising the
President to give the notice required by the treaty, but was
added against the wishes of the Chairman of the Committee.
From that it is inferable that the administration is itself not
willing that any thing should be done in violation of the
treaty, and is desirous of prolonging the joint occupancy;
but yet it may, nevertheless, be pushed from both these po-
sitions by the pressure of the democracy, as it would be,
should this Bill become a law.

The same writer says it is known that Mr. Pakenham has
expressed himself strongly and decidedly to the effect that
" the Bill, as reported, is unquestionably in violation of the
treaty, and will probably be so regarded by the British Go-
vernment." Mr. Pakenham, he adds—
" Objects specifically to that provision of the Bill which
authorises the erection of forts, as being an act of possession
not within the competency of either Government, and also
to the sending of the military force of the United States into
that territory. It was explained to him that such force
should only be to such an amount as should be reasonably
Necessary to the protection of our citizens there, which pro-
tection is the duty of the Government, and perfectly con-
sistent with our obligations under 3
the treaty ; but after a
hoapl: ngieodn.,to
as
the
so m
offensivee wha long
character discussion
of tnhpeo
Billn the
remained
subject, e his
LATEST FR 031 I THE RIVER PLATE.—By the arrival at this
port, on Saturday, of the Winnipiac, from Buenos Ayres,
Oct. 12, we learn that the blockading squadrons of England
and France had extended the time allowed for the departure
of merchant vessels from Buenos Ayres to Oct. 24. The
blockade appears to be conducted with rigour, as the papers
state that the American schooner Sarah Ann, Captain
Walker, from Patagonia, with produce, arrived off the port
on the 10th, and was not allowed to enter. Six vessels
bound to this port would obtain about 30,000 hides. It was
supposed by residents that not less than eighteen months
would elapse before the difficulties would be settled and trade
resumed. —Boston Advertiser.
There seems to be very little doubt now that Mr. Slidell's
mission to Mexico has for its object, in part, the acquisition
of California. Where will this lust of empire stop ? Crescit
eundo. To tell Europe to-day that she shall have no more
land on this continent, and proceed to-morrow to carve out
a second huge slice for ourselves, is taking (excuse the pun)
not only a great deal of ground, but very high ground. The
"progressive democracy" have come to crave the food of
lofty pretensions ; I only pray that their pride may have a
harmless fall.

CANADA. FIFTEEN FEET OF SNOW AT QUEBEC.—The
Quebec Gazette of the sth says, that for the previous eight
days the weather had been more severe in that city than it
was in the frightful climate of Moscow in 1812. The ther-
mometer was down to ten degrees below zero, and the snow
lies in heaps more than fifteen feet deep, and then falling so
thick that it was impossible to see at a distance of a few feet.
" The broad St. Lawrence is not only covered with floating
ice, but it is•heaped one piece above another, rendering it
almost impossible even for the hardy eanoemen of Point Levy
to cross."

THE INTERIOR OF OREGON—ITS
CAPABILITIES and PROSPECTS.
[The following account of Oregon, compiled from the
notes of a recent traveller in the country, contains the
best description of that " bone of contention" which we
have met with. To persons contemplating emigration,
and, indeed, at the present juncture, to all classes, the
information it contains must be very valuable ; and it is
such as has hitherto been only, attainable by wading
through bulky reports and lengthy statistical documents.]
Having resided nearly three years in Oregon, I fre-
quently travelled over some of the best portions of it,
having passed over all the tributaries of the Snake
River which enters it on its southern bank, from its
source in the mountains to its junction with the Columbia,
and having also travelled by water from a point 500
miles distant from the ocean, down the Kaskaskia, Snake,
and Columbia to its mouth, and witnessed the character
of the banks during the whole of this distance, I am able
to speak from personal observation respecting that por-
tion of the country.
The interior country, as has been stated, is divided
from the tract lying on the sea coast by a range of
mountains, stretching parallel with the coast at a dis-
tance of 150 miles from the ocean. Between the ocean
and this range of mountains the Walhamet country is
situated, and in soil and climate differs much from the
interior region of country. The atmosphere of the in-
terior is exceedingly dry, while that of the region along
the coast is unusually damp.
But as I cannot speak of the Walhamet from personal
observation, I will confine my remarks to the valley of
the Columbia and Snake rivers.
The banks of the Columbia, from the mouth to the
Cascades, is heavily timbered. Here, in proceeding up
the river, we enter the gorge which the river has cut
through the mountain range. Above the Cascades the
timber diminishes in quantity and size till we reach the
Dills, at which point it ceases altogether.
The soil on the banks of the Columbia below the
Cascades is susceptible of cultivation, though by no
means of the best quality. It cannot properly be deno-
minated an alluvial soil, as the river, having ifs sources
in a volcanic region, and passi;.g over in its course no-
thing but beds of basalt and sterile sands, brings down
no deposit capable of forming a fertile soil. The over-
flowings of the Columbia are thought to injure rather
than benefit the soil. At Vancouver, the fields that are
well cultivated and well manured produce good crops of
wheat and potatoes. But without manuring the crops
are very light. Indian corn does not succeed at all, and
fruit trees decay prematurely. At Fort George, or
Astoria, a few acres of land were cleared by the Ameri-
cans before the occupation of the country by the Hudson
Bay Company. This is situated on an elevated point
of land, about 14 miles above the mouth of the river,
and may be considered a fair sample of the hill country
of the region. This could have been cleared only at an
immense expense of labour, on account of the heavy
growth of timber. This is now partially overgrown
with a luxuriant crop of brushwood, but those parts
which are clear are covered with as fine a green or sward
of clover as can be found in the pastures of England.
Very good potatoes are found here without manuring.
At the Dells cultivation has been attempted, but with
what success I know not. Above this point the banks
of the Columbia present a barren and inhospitable ap-
pearance. Not a tree or shrub of any size is to be seen.
Nothing but sterile sands, with a very scanty vegetation,
composed of prickly pears of very diminutive size, the
bitter sedge, so called in that country (germs artemisia,
probably), and small quantities of wild grass.
The bluffs recede sometimes from one-fourth to one-
half a mile or more from the river, at other times
they appear very close. They are composed some-
times of earth entirely, forming low, handsomely rounded
hills. Again they are formed of earth, tipped at the
summit with a perpendicular well of basalt ; and again,
in other places, they are formed of huge ledges of that
material, standing up from the water on either side, and
opposing their lofty craggy points to each other in per-
petual defiance.
As we proceed up the Snake River, the bluffs become
more lofty and ragged, and approach usually nearer to
the river. In some instances the bluffs consist of re-
gular columns of trap rock, standing up perpendicularly
from the bank of the river, to a height of, perhaps, one
hundred feet, while the ground at the base is strewed
with regularly formed fragmeats of fallen columns. In
other places the trap formation is seen only at the sum-
mit of the bluffs, forming there a perpendicular wall,
while the subjacent portion of the bluff is a steep de-
clivity covered with irregularly formed fragments of ba-
salt, or beds of clinkers. Such are the banks of the
Snake River, for 100 miles above its jtanction, with
the Columbia. There the Kaskaskia empties in from
the north. The general character of the Snake River,
so far as I was able to hear from others, corrtinues the
same as far up as to the great cut, which it makes
through the Blue Mountains.
Thus far no timber is to be found on the Columbia or
Snake rivers, and no soil for cultivation. Ruch of the
way there is nothing but barren sands, on which scarcely
anything grows but the sedge, which is so b it ter that no
domestic animal will taste it. There are, ho wever, small
spots suitable for cultivation in the ''vicinity of these
large rivers. They consist of small alluvial/ 'patches on
mtowfot,hoersethtrrieebut
the banks of the small tributaries, at a distance perhaps,
of
oonnteh,s
milesaries
afrreomatthgereamtaidnistr' The
mouths
frome
each other, there being only three on the
south Gem bank
within the distance of two miles, and one of the se enters
the Columbia nine miles below the mouth of th a Snake
River.
The banks of the Kaskaskia resemble some a hat those
of the Snake River in their general appearanc e and for-
mation. The bluffs are of basalt, steep an d rugged,
approaching usually very near the river. There is,
however, one vein of granite crossing th is stream,
about 100 miles from its junction with the Sn River,
and another vain also crosses the Snake River below the
mouth of the Kaskaskia., A short distance 9 ibove the
mouth of this stream, scattered trees make • their ap-
river. The banks also are more verdant,
ap-
pearance, increasing in number as we
nd
pr oace e p
areup .t the
fit for cultivation, except at the
co-
vered usually with grass. Still therearoef
samresu j.s
n o tracts
mouths treams