The Sun.
London, England, 1846-05-25 00:00:00

of land for the purpose of dividing and underletting them.
They become answerable for the entire rent to the head land
lord:, who freqqPnt'y are clod to have to deal only with one
responsible person, and they extort a large profit from the wants
and necessities of the occupiers, who are frequently subjected to
the utmost degree of oppression and misery in consequence.
The system has entailed upon the country the most injurious
consequences; and it has ever been the greatest source of
difficulty to persons who have devoted their consideration to
the improvements necessary to place the occupation of land
in Ireland upon a safe and wholesome footing. Mr. Anciss,
the ejecting landlord himself, held a large tract of land from
the proprietor in fee, at a rent very nearly, if not entirely the
value. About twelve years since he sublet the farm in ques-
tion, which contained about 70 acres, to Mr. MAUNSELL,
the person recently evicted, at the yearly rent of 21. 12s. 4IAd.
per acre. On the farm so obtained it appesrs that Mr.
MAUNSELL expended his entire capital, amounting to 1,500/. or
thereabouts, in erecting a good and substantial dwelling-house

and oat-offices, and in other permanent improvements, so as to

render the farm one of the most perfect in every department,
and most desirable throughout the county. In this country,
before a farm is let, it is generally placed in good condition,
with suitable buildings and offices, and in fact everything
necessary for the proper cultivation of the land. In Ireland,
however, this is seldom the case ; the person about to enter upon
the possession of premises, is frequently obliged to devote
the greater portion of his available capital to repairs and
improvements necessary for the beneficial occupation of the

land. He also generally receives it in a worn-out and ex-
hausted condition, so that much time and expense is neces-
sary to bring it into good order. From these causes, the
capital which would be necessary for the sufficient stocking
and cultivation of the farm, is, in many instances,
expended, and the tenant becomes unable to manage
the entire land, and he again becomes a middleman,
subdividing and subletting the farm, the whole of
which was intended to have been occupied by
himself. Such appears to have been the case in the present
instance ; for Mr. MAnNam... had no less than fourteen un-
dertenants to whom he had let portions of the land. Un-
fortunately he did not retain a sufficient sum in hand to
defray the losses incident to a failure of crops, and he con-
sequently got into arrear of rent. His landlord, being
himself a middleman, could not afford to make

any allowance for the expenditure which had
taken place, and by which undoubtedly the value of the
holding was much increased. He was proceeded against by
ejectment, the most objectionable by far of the remedies
given to the landlords for the recovery of rent, and which
should never be resorted to under any circumstances until
there is a failure of every other means of obtaining payment.
The unfortunate tenant who, by being deprived of the land
on which he had expended his all, would, with
his wife and children, be reduced to a state of
beggary, attempted to negotiate for a sum of money
to be paid to him as some compensation for the
improved value of the farm ; this was absolutely refused,
probably from the circumstance of his immediate landlord
being himself a middleman, who could obtain no allowance
himself therefore, and the result was that he was so ill-advised,
so mad, as to attempt a resistance to the law, and to barricade
the house, and to place a number of persons in it in order to
maintain forcible possession. Such an act on his part cannot
be sufficiently reprobated : he was in such a position as to be
well aware of its inutility, of the irnpossibilityof its success ; he
was however driven to desperation at the idea of the misery and
destitution he saw before him, and by these means attempted
to extort from the fears of his landlord that which he found
it vain to hope for from his justice. Such appears the correct
view of the unfortunate transaction.

Had the recommendation so strongly urged by Lord
DEVON'S Commission been carried into execution, and a power
given for the registration of such improvements on the lands,
and a provision made that if the tenant should be ejected, or his
rent raised within thirty years, the landlord should be bound
to pay such a sum not exceeding the maximum fixed as the
work should then be valued at, we should have been spared
this painful and melancholy case ; further indulgence would
probably have been accorded to the unfortunate tenant, or, it
removed from his holding, he would have had to receive a
sum which might enable him to exist until he could turn
his attention to some other means of livelihood; but such
unfortunately is not the case, and although the report of the
Commission to which we have alluded has been
published since the month of February, 1845, and the whole of
oue session and more than half of another has since elapsed,
we are still without any legislative measure having been
even introduced for the :purpose of carrying such recommen-
dations into effect. We trust that this may be remedied,
and that no such apathy may be persevered in. Every
similar case to that of which we have just spoken chides the

delay, and trumpet-tongued demands an immediate enact-
ment. We can make every allowance for the great attention
necessarily devoted by the Government to the vast and im-
portant measures of commercial reform introduced within the
present session, but these have now practically been carried,
and no excuse can be found if measures of such vital im-
portance to the peace and tranquillity of Ireland should be
longer delayed.

The Augsburgh. Gazette mentions a report that the Aus-
trian Government intends to form a military railroad be-
tween Augsburgh and Ulm, so that, in case of any threatened
invasion, Ulm may be immediately supplied with troops.
The same journal, under the date Vienna, 16th May, states,
that the Emperor of AUSTRIA had ordered a rigorous inves •
tigation to be made into the complaints made by M. DE
Booesz of the atrocities committed on his family and pro-
perty by the peasantry during the late outbreak in Austrian
Galicia. SZELA, the peasant chief has, it is said, voluntarily
appeared to answer the accusation.

A letter from Cracow of the 13th, in the Cologne Gazette,
says :—" Warrants for arrest continue to be issued. The
prisons are guarded with the utmost rigour. At first the
relations of the prisoners were permitted to visit and bring
them their meals, but now this is prevented. One of the
prisoners, M. MORGENBESSER, a German of good family, who
had been employed at the coal mines of Zaworzno, and was
under a very heavy accusation, is said to have made his
escape while being taken before the examining magistrate to
be interrogated. Forty-two prisoners, all from Kosel, have
been given up to the Russian authorities, but their fate is
unknown. The Austrians have evacuated the fortress, and
taken possession of several private houses, expelling the in-
habitants. A great mortality prevails among the soldiers,
thirteen of whom died last night."

" The late events in Galicia," says the same journal, "will
not be without some influence on the relations between the
lords of the soil and their peasantry in the Danubian prin-
cipalities. By a Government decree of April 23. seignioral
rights in Wallachia are to be submitted to revision, and all
contracts are to be signed by the village ancients, as well as
by the contracting parties individually."
The latest intelligence that has been received from Cracow
is of the 15th inst. A letter of that date announces that,
according to a supplementary convention, entered into be-
tween the three protecting Powers, Austrian troops alone
are to garrison Cracow, and, in consequence of the
distressed condition of the republic, the expense of the occu-
pation is to be defrayed by Austria. The constitution of
Cracow, the Senate, and its President, are to be suppressed,
and the Government is to consist hereafter of a Directory.
formed of three persons. It will be recollected that the three
peasants who arrested PANTALEON POTOCK.I, near Siedlic,
and delivered him up to the authorities, were decorated for
that service with the medal of the order of Merit by Prince
PASKIEWITCIC. They were recently all three found hanging
by the neck to trees in a forest near Siedlic.

In the Second Chamber of the Saxon Legislature the de-
bate on the report of the Committee respecting the riots at
Leipsic WAS resumed on the 18th. The report, which was
favourable to the Government, was rejected by a majority of
one, the numbers being respectively 36 and 37.

Accounts from Constantinople of the 7th instant announce,
that the treaty of Commerce between 'Russia and Turkey,
putting Russia on a footing with the other Powers who have
adhered to the treaty of the 16th of August, was signed on
the 30th of April, at Balta Liman, by Pd. TITONV, on the part
of Russia, and by RESCHID PAsua and TAmrt BEY, on the
part of the Sublime Porte.

In the north of Switzerland--.
the LibualTparty are attacked
by their Jesuit adversaries with the weapons of calumny.
In the south the part-pretre more bold because more nume-
rous, use more formidable 'weapons. The following letter
from Sion, the capital of the canton of V
of
theadlaayis,
ianptpheiasrsM
ncalnil the victims order
1 hAe s
isl aas: i
jnuastti ou
been is
faognaoi.
(n.i
ot hnn
are all of the Liberal party.un-
happy
theoncsotuitnettiory:
tshenfbanks of the Rhone, tlte
~...,andemember of La Jeune
had been stabbed in
entertained
committed tinifs consequence
o wrnausredxeriled
wasiti 184,1.
body of .31,111 e. Joris, the sister
several places with a knife.
of her partaking of the political opinion
Dr. Clan VaZ, of Martinez, more fortunate sthoAn
that6ai sse'
thiswh
her brother.
Mdlle. Joris,
hag just escaped from assassination. A short than
middle of the night, he heard a noise at his door,nie ago, in the
and on his
asking who was there, he was told in a disguised voice that
his presence was required at the house of a patient; but his
visitors mentioned a name unknown to the doctor, who
i-
replied that he would not attend until the following morning.
They then attempted to burst open the door, but the servants.
of the house having bv this time got up and come to the aid
of their master, the riirlians tied."
It is not the first time that attempts have been
made to assassinate Dr. CLAIJtVAZ, whose profession renders
frequent journies among the mountains necessary. Some
time since, in the course of conversation, the
Canon RivAz advised him to change his opinions
or he would have cause to repent them. Dr.
CL.A.IIIYAZ replied to the respect4le curate of Arden