The Sun.
London, England, 1848-09-23 00:00:00

I will not say a word, because there is no man who has
looked at the A B C of farming but must admit that in
respect to the drainage of land, though much has been
done much remains to be done, and how absolutely null
and void in various parts of the country are what are
called agricultural improvements, unless such improve-
ments be preceded by deep, thorough, and effectual
drainage.—(Cheers.) The subject to which I wish to draw
the attention of those I have now the honour of ad-
dressing. and a subject to which I think it is desirable
the public attention of this country should be called—as
hardly a less important one—is the use, or rather the
present waste and abuse of manure, for which the
neighbourhood of these great towns furnishes the farmers
with such incalculable advantages.—(Hear.) There are
now great facilities given by railroads for bringing pro-
duce easily into the markets of the great towns. I have
been told, such aro the facilities afforded by this mode
of conveyance, that the best fish market in England is
the town of Birmingham, the most central town in the
whole kingdom, and that the consumption of this and
other perishable articles is vastly on the increase, for the
facilities afforded by the railway equalizes the ad van-
tages of the neighbouring and more distant consumer.
lam afraid to name the sums which the London and
North-Western Company some years ago began to make
in the carriage of milk, from comparatively distant dis-
tricts of the land to Liverpool alone, doing away with
the exclusive advantages afforded to the farmers in the
neighbourhood. The same fact is universally in opera-
tion, but the farmers living in the neighbourhood
of great towns cannot be deprived of many of the means
of high cultivation of their land, by the great abundance
of the manure which they may derive from such a
neighbourhood. And, gentlemen, it does strike me, as
a matter of surprise--though perhaps it is not altogether
within the range of agricultural science—it strikes me
with s urprise when I see around Manchester and all the
great towns of Lancashire and Cheshire, as far I know,
the praetice of market gardening and high cultivation
carried on in the neighbourhood of London, chiefly
through being near a large supply of manure—it strikes
me with surprise to see such gardening comparatively
if not wholly neglected.—(Hear, hear.) Gentlemen,
among the admirable arrangements of Providence, per-
haps there is none more admirable than that which pro-
vides for a perpetual succession and sustentation of ani-
mal and vegetable life—than that which, according to
recent discoveries, sufficiently proves the same gases
are deleterious and destructive to the one and the
necessary aliment and sustentation of the other, and
that that which is thrown off as injurious to the one is
absorbed by the other, and tends to its support and
maintenance—none more admirable than that by which
perpetual corruption and decay, to which all earthly
things are subject, and to which even the refuse of the
food that has done its part in sustaining animal life is
subject, is made the element for increased fertility, trea•
sure, and re-production—(Cheers)—yet, I ask, whether
it be not the fact, that in all the large towns of this
country, from year to year, from week to week, hundreds
of thousands of tons of invaluable treasure, a mine of
wealth if properly applied in the cultivation of the soil,
are not only absolutely wasted and destroyed, but are
suffered to accumulate in pestilential heaps, producing
disease, pestilence, and death, instead of being applied
to that which they were intended to aid—the fertility of
the soil and the sustentation of the rapidly . growing
population of the country.—(Cheers.) Public attention,
and, following public attention, the attention of the
Legislature, has been recently called to this subject,
and a step has been taken towards the remedy of the
melancholy and deplorable grievance—an attempt to
remedy the defect of imperfect, or the absence of all
sewerage and drainage in great towns, thereby adding
vastly to the disease and mortality of the population.
Steps are taking, therefore, for the purpose of effecting
a discharge of the deposits of the great towns, so that
they may not be prejudicial to the health and interests
of the inhabitants. But when this is effected we have
only done one-half of our work. Our object is to im-
prove the heajth of great towns, and, in doing so, to get
rid of, as fast as possible, and to waste that, which, if
we knew how to economise it, would be greatly benefi-
cial to the population. There is no subject more worthy
of the consideration of the community at large ; pri-
vate individuals have directed their attention to it, and
plans more or less of a practical nature have been put
forth ; but depend upon it there is no subject more
worthy of the attention of this country—first, as the
means of getting rid of an intolerable nuisance, and next,
of converting that intolerable nuisance into a source of
wealth. Then, any plan that could be devised for carry-
ing off the unwholesome deposits of the great towns of
this country, and at the same time rendering them avail-
able in the operations of agriculture, diffusing them over
the fields of this country and makiug them available in
the produce of wealth, would be a public benefit. I
conceive this subject is one of deep importance to the
country, and I trust you have not thought either the
occasion or the place inappropriate for calling your at-
tention to it.—(Cheers.) Gentlemen, I revert then, for
a single moment, to that which is the more immediate
object of the toast which I am about to propose to you—
" Success to the Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural
Society."—(Cheers.) I will not trouble you with many
details as to the show we have witnessed to. day. I have
myself not had the advantage of witnessing any previous
show at Manchester; but certainly the effect produced
on my mind is this, that if much has been done—and I
believe much has been done—l must honestly tell you
the effect on my mind is that much yet remains to be
done.—(Cheers.) I say nothing of the pigs, because
for many years past the pigs exhibited at the shows at.
Liverpool and Manchester have been of unrivalled qua-
lity.—(Hear, hear.) I saw two or three bulls that
struck me as being very valuable. And not only from
what I saw in the yard, but from constant intercourse
with my neighbours and tenants, I conceive that there
is a very great improvement in the nature and character
of the tenant-farmer's stock.—(Cheers.) I wish I could
say anything in praise of the exhibition of horses.—
(Hear.) I believe any person at random might go into the
streets of Manchester or Liverpool, and in the course of
a couple of hours might find horses at least equal to any
I saw to-day in the show-yard.—(" Hear," and a laugh.)
There is one point with reference to which I may be
permitted to say the society has proceeded satisfactorily.
I see that your last year's receipts for admission to the
showyard were 1071. ; this year they amount to 146/.
(Cheers.) I perceive from this a growing inclination on
the part of the public to support such societies, and I
mean to say I augur favourably from that.--(Cheers.\
I am bound to say, not 1 esking alone to the reports of
the inspectors, though they are in the highest degree
satisfactory—l am bound to say that, within my own
knowledge and observation—and I know I shall be con-
firmed by many present, there has been a general im-
provement of farms in the general agricultural system,
in the science adopted, and in the practical application of
that science to the land, on the part of the tenant-farmers
in Lancashire and Cheshire there has been a very great
and marked improvement during the course of the last
twelve years.—(Cheers.) There are in this district
many farmers that would do credit to any county in
England—l was almost going to say to any county in
England or Scotland.—(Loud cheers.) I rejoice to see
in the inspectors' report one farm described as approacn-
ing as nearly to the perfection of management as it is
possible to conceive.—(Cheers.) I rejoice also—and I
hope there is no presumption in doing so—l rejoice also
in seeing that three of the prizes for the best managed
farms have been awarded to three of my father's tenants
living in different parts of his estate.—(Cheers.) Every
well judging and well-disposed landlord feels the pros-
perity of his tenant as the prosperity of himself and
of his possessions—he feels his tenant's welfare to be
his own interest, setting aside all other considerations
of moral feeling between landlord and tenant—such a
landlord feels a satisfaction and a pleasure in being at
the head not only of a contented but a thriving
tenantry.—(Applause.) While, on the one hand, jug
tiee requires I should thank those landlords who have
liberally come forward to assist their tenants in their
attempts to improve, and shown so great a desire for
their welfare and the prosperity of agriculture by their
presence this day, I must also express my regret that we
have not the pleasure of seeing a larger proportion of the
landed proprietors of the country.—(Cheers.) There
are some for whom I need make no excuse—who '
a

IRELAND.

men, and the law with respect to high treason makes it
necessary for the Crown to specify particularly in its
indictment the overt acts; that is, the acts done, and the
means used by the parties charged for the purpose of
effectuating the intention imputed to them. Accordingly
the indictment which will be submitted to you will con-
tain the various overt acts, whatever they may be, on
which the Crown relies; and in support of these the
Crown must satisfy you that some one or more of these
overt acts have actually taken place. You must be
satisfied by the evidence which the Crown will submit
to you, that one or more of these overt acts have actu-
ally been committed iu the manner stated in the indict-
ment. And further, it is necessary for you to attend to
this rule—that not only must one or more overt acts be
proved to have been committed, but it is equally neces-
sary than one overt act shall be proved by two witnesses,
or that several overt acts shall be proved by two
distinct witnesses. You will not be justified in finding
a bill unless there be two witnesses to prove the
same head of treason. There mast, in short, be
two witnesses to prove one overt act, or twe witnesses to
prove several overt acts. And now, with respect to that
which forms the substance of the charge—the intention
to be inferred or to be expressly proved, my instruction
to you is this—the intention, as I have already observed,
is to be inferred from acts, writings, speeches, or de-
clarations; but so far as respects mere oral declarations,
you ought to pay no regard to acts of treason which
may appear in evidence unless the language imputed be
connected with some design or some conspiracy. Words
by themselves do not constitute an act of high treason.
It is only in connexion with acts that they become evi-
dence of the intention. And when you are considering
.
the evidence so far as relates to the intention of the
party, the only rule which I would have you observe is
this, isand it is a rule whichapplied in all our dealings
and transeetions during our intercourse in life, not simply
a rule of law, but also a rule necessary to be observed
whenever the question of intention or knowledge becomes
a matter for investigation.aTmheanrumleelanrsefethrattowlshtihchis—
‘ is
thelelanaattuyroaulaarnedtonecessary effect of his own declarations
and acts." The other class of counts to which your
attention will be directed require very little observation
from me—namely, that class of counts by which
the party charged may be said to levy war against our
Sovereign Lady` the Queenin her realms. That charge
also is one which must be grounded upon one or more
overt acts ; and the rule to be observed by you in this
particular is, that the necessity of having two witnesses is
the same as I have just now stated to you—but the levy-
ing of war must be by. an insurrection and actual force.
It is otherwise not within the meanie?, of the statute a
levying of war, not for any private, personal, or particu-
lar object, but for the purpose of some general innova-
tion; and I have no hesitation in telling you that, if it
should appear from the evidence to your satisfaction,
that the objects of these insurrectionary movements
were the severance of Ireland from the United Kingdom,
with a view to erect it into an independent power, that
would be a levying of war within the meaning of this
statute. But the language of the authorities to which I
have already referred illustrate what I have just now
publictolda r arranged,
ygedou.
nature, p Trohvi eindy say,
ay , "insurrections and risings for the
purpose of effecting by force and numbers, however ill
icohrthoergpaanniyzehda,dannoypairntnicouviaatr terioinnsoefsat
or concern, i
have been deemed instances of the actual levy-
ing of war." It s essential to the making out of the
charge that there must be an insurrection—that there
must be force used in the accomplishment of it, and that
the object of it be general in its character. These are
all the observations which I have thought it incumbent
on me to make for your government or direction; and
should any difficulty arise in any of your minds, I will
be at all times most anxious to render you such assist-
ance as you may require. But I believe I have now
pointed your attention to the specialities in the law of
high treason which perhaps before were not familiar to
you, and to which it will be necessary for you to give
your particular attention. I believe the Crown are pre-
pared to lay the indictments before you, and you will
now proceed to their immediate consideration.
The Foreman—My Lord, some of the grand jury wish
to understand if it is necessary that every overt act
should be proved by two witnesses.
The CHIEF JUSTICE—it will be sufficient if any one
overt act be proved by two witnesses, or one overt act
by one witness and another overt act by a second
witness.
The grand jury then (half-past twelve o'clock) re-
tired to their apartment to take the various bills of in-
dictment sent up before them into their consideration.
Mr. Hodges, the Government reporter, was the first
witness who was examined by the grand jury. His
examination lasted nearly two hours, so that, considering
the number of witnesses who are to be brought before
the grand jury, it is unlikely that they will find a bill
to-day. It is expected that they will not do so till to-
morrow.

THE SPECIAL COMMISSION.
DUBLIN, SEPT. 22.
CLONMEL, THURSDAY, SEPT. 21.—At nine o'clock
the gentlemen of the press from England, Dublin, and
the provinces, anticipating a crowded court, took pos-
session of the places appropriated to them by the High
Sheriff, Richard Pennefather, Esq. At this time the
police-constables, who were stationed at the doors, were
the only persons present. By tea o'clock a large con-
course of persons had occupied parts of the Court-house,
and at eleven o'clock the public gallery, side bars, and
grand jury galleries were filled. Mr. Hodges, and two
assistants, were in attendance as the reporters for the
Government.
At half-past eleven o'clock the Attorney-General,
the Solicitor-General, Mr. Scott, Q.C., Mr. Sausse, and
Mr. David Lynch, entered the court, and took their
seats as counsel for the Crown. The places behind
these were occupied by other members of the bar. No
counsel appeared for the prisoners.
At twenty minutes to twelve o'clock Chief Justice
Blackburne, Chief Justice Doherty, and Justice Moore
took their seats on the bench, when
Henry Peddar, Esq., Clerk of the Crown, read the
commission under the great seal, nominating the judges,
or any one or more of them, to inquire into all manner
of treason, murders, manslaughters, offences, transgres-
sions, and evil doings by whom committed or perpetrated
within the county of Tipperary, as well against the
peace of the common law as statute.
The following grand jury were then sworn :—Richard
John Lord Viscount Shirdale, Knocklofty, foreman; the
Hon. Cornelius Callaghan, Shanbally Castle; Hon.
Francis A. Prittie, Corville; Hon. R. Hely Hutchinson,
Knocklofty; Sir John Craven Carden, Bart., Priory;
Sir Edward Waller, Bart., Knockree; William Ponsonby
Barker, Kilcooley; Stephen Moore, Barne; John Bag-
well, Marlfield; Ambrose Going, Ballyphilip; Mathew
Pennefather, Nevvpark ; Lieutenant-Colonel Wray Pal-
liser, Derryluskar; John Bayley, Debsborough; Caleb
Going, Traverston; Thomas Lawler, Cregg House;
James Lonigar., Castle Fogarty; and Joseph Cooke,
Cordangan.
The CulEv JUSTICE then, addressing the grand jury,
said—Gentlemen of the grand jury for the county of
Tipperary, I feel assured that you participate in my
feeling, and in that of every person who has the peace
and happiness of the country sincerely at heart, in the
regret that her Gracious Majesty has now, after the
lapse of but a few months, found it necessary to issue a
commission which has been just read to you, and by
which she calls upon her subjects to aid her by perform-
ing their duty in the administration of the criminal law
of the land. Distressing and deplorable as such a mea-
sure would be under any circumstances, it becomes so
in the last degree when we know that that measure has
originated in machinations and attempts which consti-
tute the crime of high treason—a crime the highest in
degree that a subject of the realm or a member of the
community can commit—a crime whose object is the
total destruction of our social system, the sub-
version of all security of property and of life,
and a crime which no reasonable being can con-
template without knowing that it must lead to the
shedding of human blood, and that it must entail
upon the country all the horrors and all the miseries
of civil and social war. Gentlemen, as I have alluded
to the former special commission, in which the
greater number of the jurors whom I see before tie were
called upon to perform their duties in the month of Ja-
nuary last, I think it but just, and so far it is satisfac-
tory, to observe that the crimes and outrages which
formed the subject of your investigation at that period
do not appear to have any connexion, as far as I am in-
formed, with the matters that will now be brought under
your consideration ; upon the contrary, I have reason
to believe, and I do sincerely hope that the firm admi-
nistration of the law under that commission, and at the
assizes which have since intervened, have been attended
with the most salutary effects, and well justified the
hope of the restoration of peace and order in your county.
Gentlemen, the crime of high treason is one happily of
such unusual occurrence, and one with respect to which
there are peculiar provisions that do not belong to the
investigation of other crimes and misdemeanours, that I
think it my duty, in order to assist you in the discharge
of yours, to point out to you the peculiarities of the law
relative to that charge, in order thatyou mayregulate your
course accordingly, and say in what way the evidence
which is to be laid before you is to be applied when you
come to consider it; but in the first instance, in order to
make these observations upcn the nature and course of
the proceedings perfectly intelligible, I think it my duty
to give you a general, and a very general, outline of the
nature of the case as it appears to me apon the perusal
of the informations which have been laid before you upon
the part of the Crown. Gentlemen, it would appear from
them that for some months past a political body, or so-
ciety formed for political purposes, held its meetings
and conducted its proceedings in the city of Dublin; at
these meetings there were a number of inflammatory
and seditious speeches delivered by the leading members
of the body. About the middle, or towards the latter
end of July, these members, I mean the leading mem-
bers, or some of them, appeared in different parts of the
south of Ireland, and at last seemed to have determined
upon making the county of Tipperary the scene of
their further operations. Accordingly large bodies of
people were assembled—they were harangued, and
upon more than one occasion it was distinctly an-
nounced that there was to be an immediate arming
of the population, with a view of severing Ireland
from the British dominions and erecting it into an
independent kingdom. In pursuance of these in-
structions—which were extended to the procuring of
arms by any means whatsoever, legal or otherwise—in
the last week of July, several large bodies of men ap-
pear to have been congregated in a part of the county;
they were marshalled, trained, and officers upon some
occasions were nominated; barricades were erected in
some parts of the county, which, upon one occasion,
had the effect of obstructing the march of her Majesty's
troops, and which appear to have been designed for the
protection of persons against whom warrants had been
issued. Upon the 29th of July these proceedings ap-
peared, at the time at least, to have reached their con-
summation; a body of police, upon its march to the
scene of the disturbance which had taken place, was en-
countered and nearly surrounded by different armed bo-
dies of men; the result was they took shelter in a house,
and there an actual conflict took place between them
and the assailants. Upon the same day another body
was similarly assailed. The result in both cases
is perfectly known to you. Gentlemen, that is all which
I think it necessary to lay before you preparatory to
the statement of those rules which, in respect to the
law of treason, are made for your judgment and the re-
gulation of the court. Tho indictment contains two
distinct chases of counts, and each relates to a distinct
treason ; both are founded upon the provisions
of an ancient statute—a statute passed so long ago as
the reign of Edward 111., and without troubling you by
detailing the language of this statute, it is sufficient for
my present purpose, and for yours, to say that it emi-
t ,ins, amongst others, two provisions relating to two
distinct species of treason, which are the subject of the
indictment, and which you will have to consider. Gen-
tlemen, the first of these treasons was expressed in the
language of that day to be the compassing the death of
the Queen, and that is the treason charged by one or
more of the counts of the indictment which you will
have to consider. By compassing the death of the
Queen it is not meant merely to impute, nor under any
circumstances at all to impute a design against the per-
sonal life or personal safety of the Sovereign—the
Sovereign, whether King or Queen, being, under our
Constitution, the representative of the State, any attack
upon the sovereign power of the State, is, under that
statute, to be taken as an attack upon the person of the
Nlonarch ; and therefore you will have not to consider
whether the personal death or actual injury to the per-
son of the Sovereign be the intention, but whether
the designs, as proved by overt acts stated
the
eme
sovereignunder thepewdeerscriepftio
eaasecesikirtiiiimgeurnePet upon
in the indictment, are of a character which
tnht
understand
naltfSe trbasyatt ear
death correctly
o f sthtaeteQduetehne
I shall put before you some instances to show that I hav
.:codmattph4
youiw arean tdo
aiming at the destruction of her sovereign power; and it
matters not whether this design be to depose her from
her Crown, to d, pose her from her imperial authority
over the entire of her dominions, the crime of deposing
and crime of compassing her death will be equally com-
mitted, whether the object be to depose her from the
whole of her dominions or any part of her possessions.
Gentlemen, I shall now read to you the law, taken from
an author of the highest authority, Justice Foster, and
also the words of Lord Tenterden, some passages which
will show you that I have correctly expounded the words
"compassing the death of the Queen" to extend to

OF FRIDAY.

The town is very quiet; there is no excitement.
The bills of indictment against Mr. O'Brien, Mr.
M'Manus, and some peasants are for high treason; those
against Mr. Meagher, Mr. Leyno, and Mr. O'Donohue
are, it is understood, for treasonable practices; and as the
fire days' notice of trial, required in a case of treason, is
not necessary in these cases, it is probable they will be
proceeded with before that of Mr. O'Brien.
Fr' O'CLOCK, P.M.—At five o'clock, P.M., the grand
jury returned to their box, when they were told that
they should retire again to their room till the judges re-
sumed their seats upon the bench. They withdrew ac-
cordingly. Their Lordships in a few minutes took their
seats, and the grand jury were recalled from their room.
TheiForeman handed down to the Clerk of the Crown
true bills for high treason against
William Smith O'Brien,
T. B. NPManus,
James Orchard,
Denis Tyne, and
Patrick O'Donnell.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL, addressing the Court, said
that the present would be the most convenient time to
have the prisoners arraigned, in order that counsel might
be assigned and copies of the indictment forwarded to
them .

The COURT assented to this being done.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said he would trouble the
jury with another bill against Mr. Meagher, and pro-
bably they would be able to consider it that evening.
The Foreman replied that the:jury were not disposed
to enter into consideration of another bill at that ad-
vanced hour of the day, and would prefer proceeding
with the business on the following morning.
The Cum, JUSTICE said that a great deal of the
matter which would be brought before the grand jury
was common to both cases.
The Foreman asked if it would be necessary to exa-
mine again all the witnesses that had been before them
in the other case ?
The CIIIEF JUSTICE replied that this was entirely in
the discretion of the jury.
The bills against Mr. Meagher were then handed up
to the Grand Jury to be considered by them.
At twenty minutes :after five o'clock the prisoners
were arraigned, when the Chief Justice intimated to
thorn that a bill for high treason had been found against
them, and each of them was entitled to a copy of the
indictment. He desired to know if they wished to get a
copy ?
The prisoners replied that they wished copies of the
indictment,
which were accordingly furnished to them.
Mr.
POTTERasked if the Attorney-General intended
to furnish the prisoners with any other documents ?
The ATTORNEY-GEMERAL replied in the negative.
Mr. PORTER applied to the Court to assign as counsel
for Mr. O'Brien, Mr. James Whiteside, Q C., and Mr.
Francis Ficzirerald,

The ATTORNEY-GENERAL assented to this arrange
ment of counsel. _

Mr. POTTER then said that Mr. IPM inus had not yet
employed an agent, and was therefore unprepared to se-
lect counsel.
The COURT assigned Mr. Potter as Mr. M'Manus's
agent, and informed him that he might inform the Clerk
of the Crown whom he desired for his counsel any time
before he pleaded.
Mr. LANE (solicitor) said he had to apply on behalf of
three prisoners, who were his clients, namely, James Or-
chard, Patrick O'Donnell, and Denis Thynne, for a copy
of the panel.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL stated that the High Sheriff
had not yet returned the
Panel, and that neither of the
parties, the Crown, or the prisoners, had yet been fur-
nished with a copy.
Mr. LANE observed that the panel had been returned
by the Sheriff, and was now in the office of the Clerk of
the Crown.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said he was not aware of
that fact before, and with respect to the application, he
could only say, that he did not wish to establish any pre-
cedent by giving
a copy of the. panel to the prisoners, as
they were not entitled to it as a right.
Mr. LANE--I ask it as a favour, and not as a right.
The ORM/ JUSTICE—You have admitted that you ,
are not of right entitled to a copy of the panel, and as a
matter of favour it cannot be granted unless with the
consent of the Attorney-General. It is to him there-
fore, and not to the Court, that your application ought
to be made.

unavoidably absent, and among them I have been espe-
cially- requested to make an apology for the absence of
my Noble Friend and relation, the Earl of Wilton, who

' was present at the showyard this morning, and intended
to be present at the dinner, but was compelled to give
up his intention for the purpose of receiving the Duke
and Duchess of Cambridge, who are to arrive at Heaton
in the course of the evening.—(Cheering.) He par-
tickalarly requested me to make au apology for his
absence. I have detained you for a considerable
length of time, an to apologise for doing so.
I trust you will not merely give your acquiescence
and reception to the toast I am now about to pro-
pose, but that you will show by your conduct you are
determined to do away with any little obstacles or ditH•
culties that may be in the way of the union of the two
societies; and do all in your power to carry out that
which is the object of the tout, and which I trust will
long continue—" The Prosperity and Welfare of the
United Manchester and Liverpool Agricultural Society "
The CHAIRMAN again rose, and proposed ‘• The health
of the Patrons—the Earl of Derby and Mr. Wilbraham
Egerton."
Mr. J. WILsoN PATTEN, M.P., said he had obtained
permission of the chairnian to propose a toast, and he
04r. Patten) thought he was making no improper
selection when he chose the health of his Noble Friend
the President.—(Cheers.) The private and the public
character of his Noble Frien4, were too well known in
the county to render it necessary to make the toast ac-
ceptable to them by any observations on the part of the
party proposingit.—(Hear, hear.)
The health of the Chairman was then drunk with
three times three and one cheer more.

and comprehend an attack upon her imperial power.
Describing the crime of compassing the death of
the Monarch, they state as follows:—" Anything
wilfully or deliberately done or attempted, whereby
the King's life may bo endangered, therefore,
measures for deposing or imprisoning him, or
getting his person into the power of the conspirators, are
overt acts," that is, overt acts for the compassing and
imagining of the King's death. And again, " Offences
which are .not of so personal a nature, have, with great
propriety, been brought within the same rule, as having
a tendency to the same fatal end, though not so imme-
diately; and therefore the entering into measures, or the
concerting with foreigners, or going into a foreign coun-
try, or even proposing to go thither for that end, are
overt acts for the compassing and imagining the King's
death." Gentlemen, any offences falling directly under
other branches of the statute may be brought within the
compassing of the King's death. The levying of war, or
the compassing to levy war, are overt acts within this
branch of the statute—that is, within the branch of the
statute which refers to the compassing of the King's death
by high treason; and it has been settled by several im-
portant cases, and by the opinions of the first writers " that
all attempts to depose the King from !the royal title, or
to levy war against him, and all consultations or agree-
ments for the accomplishment of those objects, are overt
acts for the compassing and imagining of the King's
death." Gentlemen, I have now closed the observations,
and stated the authorities which I hope are sufficient to

The Court wai then adjourned to the following day
(Friday) at eleven o'clock.
The trial of Smith O'Brien, which will take precedence
of the other State trials, will not take place sooner than
Thursday next, as
proceedings.. maybe derived from the foregoing

The grand jury will be required to attend this day,
to investigate other bills which will be sent before them.
TRH INDICTMENT.
The jurors of our Lady the Queen of the first count
charge William Smith O'Brien, Terence B. M'Manus,
; Riehard O'Donnell, and Denis Thynne,
James
beingsOubldeboatraof 0
ur said Lady the Queen, with having,
on the 7th day of July, and on divers other days,
between that day and .1
the 30th of the same montb, in
the parish of Ballingarry, levied war against our said
Lady the Queen ; obstructed constables in the execu-
tion.Y; attacked a certain dwelling-
house at the common of Boulagh, and then and there
of their duty;
by force of arms traitorously attempted to subvert
the Government. The second count charges the same
parties with having traitorously levied war against our
Lady the Queen at Mullinahone. The third count
charges the same parties with having erected a barri-
cade at Killenaule in order to obstruct the marching of
the troops. The fourth count charges the same parties
with a further attempt to levy war against the Queen at
Ballingarry. The fifth count charges the same parties
with having
subsequently appeared in arms, at Ballin-
garry, on the 29th of July, with a design to subvert and
destroy the constitution
of the realm. The sixth and
last count is a general one, and embraces all the overt
acts set out in the five former counts.
It is confidently stated, mays ;the Dublin Herald of last
evening that at the next commission in Green-street
Mr. Duffey will be tried, but whether on the indictment
already found against him for felony or on a new one for
treason does not appear to be determined. It is said
that in either cave the Crown, exercising a power con-
firmed by statute, will try him by a jury not of the city,
but of th© county of,Du'olin, Mr. O'Dogherty will also •

The CHAIRMAN, who was received with enthusiastic
cheering, having acknow!edgad the toast, some other
toasts were given, and the Noble Chairman having dis-
tributed the prizes, the meeting broke up at an early
hour.

Sr. MARY'S, LAMBETH.—Thursday a very crowded
meeting of the ratepayers of the above parish assembled
in tha vestry•room for the purpose of enabling the over-
,eers and churchwardens to nominate and appoint a
successor to Mr. Thomas Woodward, tho late collector
of poor-rates, &c., who has absconded with 1,6001. The
Mr. Dalton, the rector, presided. Mr. Field was
nominated and seconded, amidst sonic disapprobation, as
the successor of Mr. Woodward. The question was then
put, and after a protest from Mr. Byron, Mr. Field was
declared duly elected. A meeting of the inhabitants is
fixed to take place on the 29th, when the entire matter
is to undergo examination.
CnANTILLY RACES.—There are to be four days'
racing this autumn at Chantilly, on the 7th, Bth, 12th,
of
15th
4 October. Among the stakes are the Omnium
,000 E, the tiaras Nationaux of 4,000 f., the Arron-
dissement of 3,000 f. and 3,500 f., the National 6,000 f.,
the Principal 5,000 f. and 3,500 f., and the Great National
Stakes 14,000 f. Tho St. Leger is also to be run for, and
19 horses have been entered for it; or the entry is 4,00 f.
each horse.

explain to you what is meant in this statute, and in the
indictment whch transcribes its terms, by the compass-
ing or imagining the death of the Monarch. I have in
the next place to tell you that the crime of high treason
Consists altogether in the intention. The mere intention
—the mere design against the King's life or his imperial
authority is the offence created by the statute. But as
the intention or design is, in all cases, or at least in the
generality of cases, I might say almost universally, to be
inferred from acts or from declarations written or orally
made, that intention s) to be collected must have as its
basis, and as proof of it, the commission of certain overt
acts. No man can dive into the secrets of his fellow-

creatures ; for the thoughts of the heart are known to
one Being only, and therefore the intention and design
must always be collected from the acts, the declarations,
acd those other means and tokens by which, in the
ordipAry interoenrtse of life, we judgo of the intentions of

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENTIVG, SEPTEMEER 23, 1848.

be put on his trial a third time, and also before a county
jury. It is not generally known that a statute peculiar to
this country enables the prosecutor, in any case in which
an offence is committed in a county of a city, to have the
offender tried by a jury of the next adjoining county.
The Crown intend to exercise this power in the case of
these gentlemen, either for the purpose of avoiding the
question as to the disqualification of the burgesses raised
on the writ of error in the case of John Martin, or from
a belief that they will more readily obtain a -conviction
from a county jury. Mr. Henn, Q C., has finally re-
solved on not acting on either side in the approaching
prosecutions. Mr. Henn had accepted a retainer from
Mr. S. O'Brien. The Attorney-General, howevrr,
thought proper to insist on his services for the Crown.
The result is that the Learned Gentlema❑ will not ap-
pear on the trial either for the prisoner or the Crown.
The following were proclaimed as outlaws in the last
number of the Flue and Cry :—The first is named
William Mitchell, aged 22 years. The second is Dr.
Antisell, aged 33 years. The third, Edward Hollywood,
silk weaver, aged 31. The fourth, John Kavanagh,
aged 26.

FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE

Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire.
Nicholas Adamson loch, Esq. to be Deputy Lieu-
tenant, Sept. 9.
Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of the West
Riding of Yorkshire.
Ist Regiment of West York Militia—Patrick Francis
Durham, Esq., to be Captain, Sept. 6.
ADMIRALTY, SEPT. 111.
Corps of Royal Marines.
To be' Second Lieutenants—Arthur Croft Critchell,
Gent. ; Edward Fitzgerald Pritchard, Gent. ; Charles
William Carrington, Gent.; John James Douglas, Gent. ;
Robert William Bland unt, Gent. ; Francis Robert
Newton, Gent. ; John Frederick Hawkey, Gent. ; Ed-
ward Spry, Gent. ; Frederick George Pym, Gent.
BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED.
Charles Salisbury, hatter, Hull.
BANKRUPTS.
Edward Withers, musical instrument seller, Coventry-
street, Haymarket, to surrender Sept. 30, at one, and
Nov. 2, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. John-
son, official assignee, Basinghall-street; Smith, Temple-
chambers, Fleet-street.
Henry Martin Bowden, merchant, Lime-street,
Leadenhall-street, Sept. 211 and Oct. 31, at half-past
one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Groom, official as-
signee, Abchurch-lane; Scarman, Gresham looms, Ba-
singhall-street.
Thomas Massey, grocer, Burslern, Staffordshire, Oct.
10 and 26, at half past ten. Whitmore, official assignee,
Birmingham • Williams, Hanley, Staffordshire.
Samuel Wilson, draper, hill Top, Staffordshire, Oct.
3 and 31, at twelve, at the Birmingham District Court.
Christie, official assignee, Birmingham ; Hodgson, Bir-
mingham.
James Morris, licensed victualler, Bath, Somerset-
shire, Oct. 3 and Nov. 2,'at eleven, at the Bristol District
Court. Acraman, official assignee, Bristol ; Hellinga,
Bath ; Jones and Co., Crosby-square.
George Braund, jun., land-surveyor, Exeter, Oct. 5,
at one, and 25, at eleven, at the Exeter District
Court. Hirtzell, official assignee, Exeter ; Floud, Exe-
ter ; Pearson, Strand, London.
John Green, wine and spirit-merchant, Liverpool,
Oct. 4, and 30, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court.
Cazenove, official assignee, Liverpool ; Oliver, Old
Jewry, London ; Evans, Liverpool.
William Maury, merchant, Liverpool, Sept. 29, and
Oct. 30, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court.
Turner, official assignee, Liverpool ; Gregory and Co.,
Bedford-row, London ; Duncan and Radcliffe, Liverpool.
DIVIDENDS.
At the Court, Basiegliall-street.
T. Mogher, Holborn-hill, and Coventry-street, Hay-
market, poulterer and cheesemonger, Oct. 14, at half-
past eleven—H. Lo Jeune, St. Albans, rnaltater, Oct. 14,
at eleven—C. Dalton, Canal-bridge, Old Kent-road,
stone-mason, Oct. 14, at half-past twelve.
In the Country.
R. Still, Liverpool, merchant, Oct. 16, at eleven, at
the Court, Liverpool—P. Cruikshank, Ardwick, Man-
chester, coal dealer, Oct. 19, at eleven, at the Court,
Manchester—J. Mitchell, Monkwearmouth Shore, Dur-
ham, shipowner, Oct. 19. at eleven, at the Court, New-
castle-upon-Tyne—J. T. Phipps, Darlington, Durham,
linendraper, Oct. 17, at halt-past eleven, at the Court,
Newcastle. upon-Tyne—J. Wooler, Stockton-on-Tees,
Durham, draper, Oct. 17, at half-past ten at the Court,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
NOTICES OF CERTIFICATES.
At the Court, Basinghull street.
R. H. Watson, Eldon place, Vauxhall, chemist, Oct.
16, at eleven—F. Armson, Carlton-hill, St. John's Wood,
builder, Oct. 16, at twelve.
In the Country.
R. Smith, Preston, Lancashire, corn-merchant, Oct.
20, at eleven, at the Court, Manchester—D. Hughes,
Welshpool, Montgomeryshire, limeburner, Oct. 16, at
eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—J. Higginson and R.
Deane, Liverpool, merchants, Oct. 14, at eleven, at the
Court, Liverpool—W. S. Albin, Liverpool, dealer in
music, Oct. 16, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—S.
Moccatta, Liverpool, merchant, Oct. 16, at eleven, at the.
Court, Liverpool—J. S. Tonge, Liverpool, coal pro-
prietor, Oct. 16, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—T.
Daniel, Burslem, Staffordshire, clay-merchant, Oct. 14,
at half-past ten, at the Court, Birmingham.
At the Court of Review, Oct. 13.
R. Jewel, Beeralston, Devonshire, shoemaker—Mary
Ann Owens, Liverpool, victualler—J. Haddocks, Bury
St. Edmund's, pawnbroker—J. Dentith, Liverpool,
grocer—W. Yates, Shelton, Staffordshire, earthenware-
manufacturer—E. Rose, boade, Northamptonshire,
licensed victualler—T. Cresswell, Tyning, Gloucester-
shire, butcher—F. Adamson, Bond-court, Walbrook,
City, merchant—Lucy Churchyard, Woodbridge Suf-
folk, butcher—C. Terry, Shoe-lane, City, quill merchant
—R. Crow, Newcastle-upon Tyne, draper—O. Kelly,
Cannon-street and Dowgate-dock. Upper Thames-street,
coal and provision merchant—T. B. Shuttleworth, Shef-
field, shopkeeper—W. P. Beecham, Hawkhurst, Kent,
hanker—J. M. Goodwin, Ashton-under-Lyne, and
Stalybridge, Cheshire, grocer—W. Flick, Oat-lane, City,
and Trafalgar-terrace, Mortimer-road, De Beauvoir-
square, hosier and commission agent—l'. Fisher, Bristol,
ironmonger—J. Smith, Birkenhead, Cheshire, slate and
Cement merchant—J. Carden, Birkenhead, Cheshire,
and Liverpool, auctioneer—T. G. Smith, Adams-court,
Old Broad street, City, stock and share broker—H
Smith, East Mailing, Kent, paper manufacturer.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.

H. Huskinson and W. Mason, New Radford, Notting-
hamshire, lace makers—J. Dunnett and G. Gardner,
Saint Osyth, Essex, farmers—T. Sheldon and T. Shel-
don, jun., Jarrow, Durham, grocers and flour dealers—
W. Dutchess and H. Hardingham, Mosely.cottage,
Hoxton, lard manufacturers—C. Sale and T. Foord,
Bagshot, Surrey, drapers and grocers—T. Chapman sad
W. Chapman, Loughborough, Leicestershire, curriers
and leather cutters—J. Pain and C. 0. Rugg, Crayford,
Kent, farmers—A. Andrew and J. Andrew, Manchester,
general warehousemen-1). M'Clellan and J. Lee, Liver-
pool—C. Warburton, W. Warburton, and J. Warburton,
Sheffield, edge tool manufacturers (so tar as regards the
said C. Warburton)—G. Willis and L. Schmidt, St.
James's-street, clothiers—G. B. Wadsworth and C.
Housley, Broad-street, Golden-square, surgeons—T.
Rawsthorne and T. Swainson, Lancaster, attorneys and
solicitors—W. C. Young and R. Locker, Liverpool,
stock and sharebrokers—S. Meldola and G. Anderson,
Camomile•street, Bishopsgate-street, printers and pub-
lishers—G. Reece and H. Reece, Piccadilly, chemists and
,druggists—J. S. Jones and J. Cormiek, Basing-lane,
printers—E. Lane and J. Rathbone, John-street, Adel-
phi, medical agents—Caroline Matilda Underdown and
Underdown, Regent-street, Quadrant, and Strand,
hatters—J. 11. Ta)lor, W. Taylor, and Eleanor Bvavis,
Blackheath, boot and shoemakers (so far as regards the
said J. H. Taylor),

INSOLVENT PETITIONERS.
Felix William Simeon, Bristol, printer
William Gover Gray, Bath, attorney
Michael Elias Lee, Aston, Warwickshire, general dealer
Alfred Hutchings, Chitslett, Kent, gardener
Thomas Howland, St. Paul, Kent
Richard Newson, Southwold, Suff.lk, tailor
John Seammen, Halesworth, Suffolk, assistant bailiff
John Edwards, Wednesbury, Staffordshire, miner
James Podmore, Chester, cabinet maker
Thomas Woolley, Chester
Jibes Todd, Birkenhead, furniture broker

Robert Hand, Chester, publican
Robert Watson, Dale-end, Birmingham, assistant to a
wine and spirit merchant
James Tarver, Birmingham, iron founder
William Oakley, Birmingham, butcher
Frederic Thomas Carter, Ashsted, Birmingham
Richard Vowlea, Temple, Bristol, beer retailer
George Hunter, Stratford-upon-Avon, tea dealer
John Watts, Birmingham
Gabriel Nelson Doran, St. Stephen, Bristol, butcher.
John Craycraft, Canterbury, fishmonger.
James Horne Browne, Gravesend, Kent, grocer.
Thomas
21,
Thomas Lloyd, Wellington, Salop, retail brewer.
Adam Brown, Stroud, Gloucestershire, coach-builder.
Thomas Roach, Ludgvan, Cornwall, accountant.
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.
,6,A,r
a.. t
Mackenzie,ow poe: S
withine l i Selkirk,
Esq.,builder,
Kirkwall,
iMitchell's,imsisteeehpeli Sr2tkesh.pet .
Caledonian2B e. n d O ct, .
at twelve, within the 'fown- house, Kirkwall.
a
A. Russell, Carnlachie, grocer, Sept. 28 and Oct. 19,
at twelve within the Black Bull Hotel, Glasgow.
N. Wl:eod, Esq., M‘Leod, Isle of Skye, ship-owner
Sept. 29 and Oct. 20, at two,
Hotel, Inverness.

B. Balfour, Dunfermline, manufacturer, Sept. 28 aud
Oct. 19, at one, within Hutton's New Inn, Dunfermline.
P. M•Laren, Crieff, sadler, Sept. 30 and Oct. 21, at
twelve, within M'lrean's Inn, erica'.
T. Marshall, Kinross, manufacturer, Sept. 28 and Oct.
19, at twelve, within Stock's Inn, Kirkland.

L ADVERTISEMENT.] —Heads of' households desirous
of being in possession of a Family Medicine suitable for
any emergency of illness, or as a valuable preventive of
disease, will do well to obtain Worsdell's Vegetable
Restorative Pills, prepared by John Kaye, Esq., of Dal-
ton-hall, near Huddersfield. Many hundred families
testify to their excellence. The following has just come
to hand:—" We have used Kaye's Worsdell's Pills at
different times during the. last three years, and have
pleasure in recommending them as a safe and salutary
medicine in cases of inward pain, weakness of stomach,
I or want of energy in the system, and improving the
ge-
neral health. We also consider them an excellent me-
dicine for children of all ages, having used them in our
own family with great success. They are entitled to be
ranked among the best medicines ever offered to the
public.—Samuel and Rebecca Read, New-street, Wood-
bridge, Suffolk."—See that John Kaye's coatofarm„
and a fac-simile of his signature, are printed th
9
i on
di-
rections wrapped round each box. Price IS. id. 2s. e
dChel
and 43. 6d. per box; to be had of all respectable
Che-
mists and Medicine Venders,

DONCASTER BOROUGH POLICE.
TOWN HALL, Saturday.
(Before THOMAS WALKER, CHARLES JACKSON, and
EDW. SCIIOLFIELD, ESQRS )
GAMBLING HOUSE.—John James Wells, Thomas
Howell, Witham Gartell, John Thompson, Charles Chap-
man, Joseph Pring, and John Durdon, were brought up
in custody of the police, by virtue of a warrant issued
under the provisions of the Bth and. 9th Vict., c. 109.
Mr. Smith conducted the case for the prosecution ; and
Mr. Lewis, of London, appeared for the defendants.
Mr. Smith said, he appeared to support an informa-
tion under the ad section of the Bth and 9th Vict., c.
109, whereby it was enacted that it should be lawful for
any justice of the peace upon complaint made before him,
that there was reason to suspect any house to be used as
a common gaming-house, to give authority by warrant
under his hand to any constable to enter with such as-
sistants as might be found necessary into such
house, and to use force for making such
entry, whether by breaking open doors or otherwise,
and to arrest all persons found therein who should be
dealt with according to law. By the Bth section it was
also provided, that where any instruments of gaming
should be found in any house suspected to be used as a
common gaming house, and entered under a warrant
issued by virtue of the provisions of that Act, it should
be evidence until the contrary was proved that such
house was a cornmon'gaming house and that the per-
sons found in the room or place where:such instruments of
gaming should be found were playing therein, although
no play was actually going on in the presence of the
constable entering the same. The justices [night impose
a penalty not exceeding 1001., or might commit the de
fendants to the House of Correction for any term not
exceeding six calendar months. It would be proved
that the house in question was a common gaming house
—that it was called the Berkeley Club Rooms—and that
gambling, in all its branches, was carried on therein to
a most enormous extent.
John Pigott proved that he was a constable for the
borough of Doncaster, and knew the house in High-
street, called the Berkeley Club-rooms. Witness was
there lest night (about eight o'clock, and observed that
gambling was going on ; the parties were playing for
money. Witness described the games and the gaming
instruments which were used ; could not swear that any
of the defendants were in the rooms at eight o'clock,
except the defendant Durdon. Witness can identity
him positively. He had the management of a gaming
table, and turned the ball. Witness was in the room
again about twelve o'clock, with the magistrates, and
assisted to make the seizure. As soon as the magistrates
entered the room a rush was made at the gaming tables.
Witness identified four of the defendants as having been
then present, but cannot say what part they were taking
in the game; Durdon was one of the four. He was in
the same place at twelve o'clock as witness had pre-
viously seen him at eight o'clock; heaps of money being
upon the tables. Witness gathered up one heap and
gave it to Mr. Etches, the superintendent. Witness also
brought away a quantity of gaming instruments, which
he now produced.
George Sunderland proved that he was one of the po-
lice for the borough of Doncaster. Witness was with
the magistrates when they entered the Berkeley Club
Rooms, and apprehended the defendants. Witness also
brought away a quantity of gaming instruments which
he now produced.
Williamson Etches proved that he was the superin-
tendent of police for the borough of Doncaster, and was
also with the magistrates when they made the seizure at
the Berkeley Club Rooms. Witness gathered up a
quantity of money from the tables, and also received some
money from the witness Pigott. Witness now produced
the money. It is in notes, silver, and gold, and amounted
to upwards of 601.
This closed the case for the prosecution.
Mr. Lewis then addressed the bench on behalf of the
defendants, contending that no case had been made out
against any of them, except perhaps against Durdon. It
had not been proved that the others were taking part in
the business of the tables. Fur anything which appeared
to the contrary they might have been innocent specta-
tors. As such they were certainly liable to be arrested,
but could not be convicted under the Act of Parliament,
unless it were shown that they were taking part in the
management or conduct of the game. Besides it had
not been proved that there was any gaming at all going
on when the magistrates entered.
Mr. Smith, on the other hand, contended that all the
defendants might be convicted. The Act of Parliament
expressly provided that it should not be necessary to
prove that any play was going on in the presence of the
magistrates. The mere fact that gaming instruments
were found was made evidence that the house was a
gaming house, and the circumstances that the defen-
dants were all present in the same room with the gam-
ing instruments was sufficient to constitute them par-
Siceps criminis.
The magistrates then retired for consultation.
On their return, Mr. WALKER said, that the Bench
had taken the matter into serious consideration, and al.
though they might very properly convict all the defen-
dants, yet, as this was the first case which had come
before them, they hoped the ends of justice might be
answered by the conviction only of the defendant Dur-
don. He was proved to have had the management of
the game, and the Bench therefore imposed upon him
the penalty of WO/. In default of payment he would be
committed to the House of Correction at Wakefield, for
the term of six calendar months.
The BENCH took that opportunity of saying that they
had come to the determination to put down the gambling
which, at Doncaster Races, had become so excessive and
so notorious. Notwithstanding the advertisements
which were annually inserted in the Doncaster news-
papers, slating that such illegal practices would be
punished, persons like the defendants, in defiance of
all law, and in opposition to all authority, carried on a
system of organised plunder, which if the magistrates
did not endeavour to suppress they would not be dis
charging their duty.
The fine of 100/. was immediately paid, and the de
fendants were discharged.—Doncaster Chronicle.

THE CHEVALIER JOHN MARTIN.
Those who have visited the Polytechnic Institution
of this town, and who have devoted a critical and
well-matured judgment to the pictorial embellish-
ments of this magnificent exhibition, must have been
charmed with the numerous works ofart which decorate
the various rooms set apart for this purpose, and
which so proudly mark the progress of painting
in this country ; amongst which must have been ad-
mired, as gems of the first order, those by the cele-
brated Chevalier John Martin, a native of our own
locality, and whose well-earned fame, will, in due
time, be justly appreciated, and claimed by his native
county, as a portion of the laurels which wreath the
history of Northumberland. And it is because we
should love to see this laudable progression of the
fine arts fostered and promoted by all the natural and
legitimate stimulants on which they subsist, and
without which they languish, that we apologize for
giving our readers the following extract froma me-
tropolitano contemporary, in the apposition
strictures, both on the score of justice and reproach,
we must say we most heartily concur :
"We have had the gratification,in common with
rewcoinloguarss,pblyendthide
fl opv
ae
irus
toi
nf
gtsh, ei
nfi no ei aarnt sd, ofwa
water
collmanyectionother o
well-known and highly-esteemed Chevalier John Martin.
That gentleman has lately removed from Alsop-ter.
race, New-road, where he has resided for nearly thirty
years, to Lindsey House, a spacious mansion in Chel-
sea, on the banks of the Thames, with a splendid view
up and down that river. This dwelling has been fitted
up with great taste, and its walls are decorated with
many of the paintings which have obtained for Martin a
reputation which the world not willingly let die.'
There we saw the original of The Deluge, one of the
most effective of modern compositions, with its marvellous
combinations of colour and composition, its wonderful
contrasts of light and shade. There is the tall of Nine-
veh—which (painted as it is on Titian's principle of the
light from within) looked fresher and brighter than it
did when we first saw it years ago. There we saw three
of the paintings illustrative of early Scriptural story—
The Prayer in Paradise; Eve tempting Adam with the
Forbidden Fruit, and Our First Parent's Discovery that
they were Naked. There, too, hangs that striking epi-
sode at the Coronation of Queen Victoria, when the
aged Peer, Lord Rolle, hastening to pay homage to his
Sovereign, stumbled almost at her feet, and the
Crowned 'Lady of the Isle' yielded to her natural
impulse of the courteusness, and hastened to raise
him with her own hand. Nor, master as he is of Space,
and wonderful as he combines minuteness of detail with
breadth of execution—so that his historical paintings
will bear close examination as well as that more distant
view which brings out the illimitable perspective of his
architectural effects—has Martin confined himself to
these, in which, as by common consent, it is admitted
that he stands peculiar and alone. The scenes from
Paradise, which we have just named, show him to
be a landscape painter of such merit and truth, that
if he had confined his efforts to this department, he
could not have failed to have been known in it as
superior to the other. There is the picture, a
landscape which obtained the Heywood gold medal at
Manchester, and there we saw numerous water-colour
paintings representing; the beautiful and picturesqu
e
scenery with which this country abounds—from their
windings of the silver Wye to the numerous and
views along the banks of the Thames.
_ shade, he has
we perceive a strong feeling for nature, and
ieh, with his
alandlf these
oin them,
too, we observe the effective manner in which,
extraordinary management of light and
u
brought scenes palpably before us,
bra
s we could not
which the poetry of painting can afoteethe d in a beauty
exhibit. But while
gratified with the sight of those pictures,
reject the thought that the best works on f such an artist
should not be seen in his own
that, with all the conventional ta lkdniwelling. We lamentg and writing about
art in the present day, so little has been actually done
to increase it and its profession. Here, for example,
is Martin, of an
imagination all compact'_ beyond
any painter of our day and country. He has had
comp
and
compliments, presents, honour, from the Emperor
of Russia, the Kings of Prussiaßelgium, the
late Charles X., Louis Philippe, and members
of
the Napoleon family; but the royalty of Britain
has appeared unchgoannscsiouias othfahiNs
National
lnc Gallery;e.Not one
r
of his paintings
though the world at large has recognised his merits, his
high originality, has he yet received the doubtful honour
of being allowed to put B.A. after his name. It is just
the
same with Lough, whose Shaksperian realisations so
Di;
admirably illustrate the work of our greatest poet. A
private
yiadgl
eenyco)ot
hnhifanesgr
conferred
onelroryhheidmfihim
snt
these,aa tl
iaoani u
and
(Sir M. Vt
t.o Ridley)
t eI
u patronage
actually
tbehpvarlotfedo individual
u titivei
nof living sculptors has not received even. one com-
mission to execute a statue for the new House of Par-
liament. Like Martin, too, he has not been admitted to
the Academy. In a right state • of things such men
would have been invited, pressed to become Academi-
cians, bestowing honour upon, rather than devise reputa-