The Sun.
London, England, 1848-03-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 28, 1848.

Either the bonnet rouge must veil the crowns of these
anointed potentates as it did the forehead of Louis
XVI., or their:sceptres must be broken across the
knee of democracy like a rotten lath. There is no
medium course whatever for the rulers of the Eu-
ropeans. Every dispatch affords a new and remark-
able illustration of the impotence of the sway hitherto
exercised by the promoters of kingcraft. Every day
reveals still more vividly the splendid omnipotence of
the million. During thirty-two years of un-
interrupted tranquillity the autocrats of this
division of our hemisphere have been afforded an
opportunity of perpetuating their dominion by timely
and judicious innovations. Those thirty-two years
were the last truce granted to royalty by the mag-
nanimity of the population—they were the interval of
parley —the ultimate suspension of arms between the
myrmidons of monarchy and the creatures of the
Eternal GOD. That interval has expired without
any perceptible advantage accruing to society. Auto-
oracy and aristocracy have dwindled into insignifi-
cance—their age has'.elapsed—the whole world is
now fixed in admiration at the apotheosis of their suc-
cessors. Those successors are already obliterating
the malign evidences of the system they have abo-
lished—they have fraternized in the face of Heaven
I—they are the genius of Den ocracy, and that radiant
Theocracy which is the incarnation of the religion of
Christendom. Before, however, the blessings of this
union between the institutions of Man and the
Church of his REDEEMER can be fully recognised—
before their beneficent operations can be even par-
tially developed, it is necessary that the ruins of
the old structure should be rooted out of the earth,
so that the foundations of the new edifice may be
effectually extended and deepened. A perfect disor-
ganization is requisite before there can be a
perfect re-organization. hence it is that we
behold the Cabinets of the Continent plunged
at this moment into confusion—the statesman-
ship of Europe baffled— the arms of Europe para-
lysed—and the Sovereigns of Europe hors de combat.
NAPOLEON never contradicted so astonishingly the
limnings of the topographer in a dozen campaigns as
the Spirit of Liberalism has done since the commence-
ment of 1848. War never overturned so entirely, so
suddenly, or so permanently, the lines of demarcation
between adjacent territories. To all appearance, those
states have been desolated by the footsteps of a de-
stroyer, but even now, from the womb of that chaos,
is rising a majestic and beautiful creation.
Europe must very speedily be regenerated, not
only in a political sense, but it must also be regene-
rated geographically. It must be regenerated, we
repeat, both politically and geographically, and the
proximate cause of its regeneration is the Paris Revo-
lution. What may ba anticipated politically is a
compact federation of republics and constitutional
monarchies. Nor is this federation impracticable in
any respect, for, as M. DE LAMARTINE has
admirably observed in his diplomatic manifesto
—" Monarchy and Republicanism are not, in
the eyes of true statesmen absolute principles
which mortally oppose each other ; they are
facts which contrast with each other, and which
may exist face to face, mutually comprehending and
respecting each other." Europe must, therefore, be
transformed into an assemblage of monarchies and
republics, regarding each other with a friendly dispo
sition. Geographically the change on the continent
will be momentous and extraordinary. France must
consolidate itself as a republic. Switzerland must re-
main a republic. England, a constitutional monarchy,
will tend by its example to the radical amelioration of
the monarchical systems of Spain, Portugal, Belgium,
llolland, Greece, and Denmark. Beyond this, two
enormous and glorious nations will be reclaimed to
the world by the establishment of a compact nation-
ality in Italy and Germany. In Italy there must be
a practical and constitutional confederation between
Sardir.ia, Piedmont, Savoy, Tuscany, the Papal States
Naples, Parma, Modena, Piacenza, Guastalla:
Marino, and the territories of Venetian Lombardy.
For Lombardy is already throwing off the sway of
the KAISER, and must very speedily have achieved its
independence. In Germany, on the other hand, the
distinct sovereignties must be coalesced into one con-
gruous and substantial whole, embracing the empire
of Austrian Germany, the kingdoms of Prussian Ger-
many, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and Wirtemburg,
the Grand Duchies of Baden, Luxemburg, Limberg,
Mecklenburg-Sch werin, Mecklenburg- Strelitz, Saxe-
Weimar, and Oldenburg, the Electorate of Hesse-
Cassel, the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt and
Hesse-Homburg, the Duchies of Anhalt-Dessau,
.13ernburg, Kothen, Coburg-Gotha, Meiningen,
Hildb'gh'sn, Altenburg, Nassau, Brunswick, Hol-
stein, and Lauenburg, the Lordship of Kniphausen,
the Principalities of Schwartzburg Sonderhausen,
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Rudolstadt, Hechingen,
Lichtenstein, Waldeck, Lippe-Detmold, Sehauen-
burg, Reuss-Schleitz Lobenstein, and Reuss-Greitz,
together with the free cities of Lubeck, Frankfurt,
Bremen, and Hamburgh. All these separate states,
to the number of forty, must shortly be combined
into one solid nationality, with a population of
38,664,820 souls—with a federal diet resembling less
the minor council or committee, than the general
assembly or plenum. Upon this re-adjustment of the
northern territories of Europe—a re-adjustment
which is becoming every day more inevitable—Hun-
guy must, we conceive, become once more an inde-
pendent sovereignty, and Poland re-assert and re-
conquer its nationality in the very teeth of the
AUTOCRAT.

According to the fifty-seventh article of the great
Treaty of Vienna, it was declared, " L'Autriehe
pre3idera a la Diele Federative—Austria shall preside
at the Federative Diet." That treaty, however, is
now a dead letter, its provisions having been violated
successively by the absolute and democratic Govern-
ments. Beyond this, moreover, the pre-eminence of
Austria in the Germanic Confederation has vanished.
Prussia, under the mandate of FREDERICK. WiLuar.m,
has just assumed the head of the popular movement,
girding its loins with a black, red, and gold scarf as
the Germanic tri-colour, and bearing in its grasp tl.e
sword of the Germanic race. According to the latest
accounts received from Copenhagen, it would even
appear that the Danes have renounced their allegi-
ance to the past, and that, with every loyal sentiment
towards their Sovereign, they have indicated their
enthusiasm for the futurity pictured to their imagina-
tion by the proclamation of the Prussian Monarch.
Actuated by these aspirations for independence,
Sleswig- Holstein has dissolved her connexion with
the Court of Denmark, and the Provisional Govern-
ment installed at Kiel has been recognised at Altona.
From the Netherlands a similar fragment of intelli-
gence has arrived. The Count SCHIMMELPENNINCIE
has organized a new Liberal Administration,
though one of a strictly provisional character.
Everywhere the disruption of obsolete systems is
visible. Everywhere the disseverance of ancient
ties may be perceived In Portugal it has conduced
to incite the existing Government to the adoption of
a retrogressive policy. Unwarned by the catastrophe
of the Tuileries, FERDINAND COBURG and MARIA DA
GLORIA are making military preparations for•the
prevention of an insurrectional movement.' Their
ministerial advisers are obsequious in their-accordance
with this insane determination. The escape of
GUIZOT from the Hotel des Capucines seems to be a
spectacle of no interest to themselves ; they perceive
nothing personally suggestive in the flight from
Vienna of CLEMENT Prince DE MBTTERNICH WIN-
NEBOURG. Endeavours of an equally extravagant
description may be germinating in the evil thoughts
of the Duchess DE RlANzaam, and preluding the way
to some sanguinary ebullition of democracy in Ma-
drid. Nothing dissipates the ignorance of those who
are inherently predisposed to Absolutism—no expe-
rience, however appalling, removes their blindness or
enables them to abandon that track which guides
them to destruction, and which destruction is ren-
dered irretrievable by their insulating and insensate
predilections. In Italy a proceeding diametrically
different has been commenced. The .Milanese have
sounded the tocsin to the Lombards, and across the
frontiers of Sardinia, the soldiers of Piedmont have
marched side by side with the brave Savoyards, hand
in hand with the Genoese, in accordance with the
mandates from Turin, and under the banners
of CARLO ALBBRTO. There is hope, there-
fore, for the Venetians, for the Milanese,
and for the general population of Lombardy ;
there is more than hope—there is certainty. Neither
Italy nor Germany can continue any longer an un-
sympathizing agglomeration of states. Their nation-
ality is already revealing its glories to the daylight.

There will, before any protracted Interval has elapsed,
be an Italian League and a Germanic League. By
this means the balance of European power will be
more appreciable; it will afford a novel foundation
for a more secure and permanent tranquillity.

The Madrid mail had not arrived in Paris when
the post left.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

PROCEEDINGS AT PARIS.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The Moniteur publishes the following decree post-
poning the elections of the National Assembly for a
fortnight :

" FRENCH REPUBLIC.
" LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY!
" The Provisional Government, having considered
the decree which adjourns the elections of the National
Guard;

" Having considered the information giren by the
Commissaries of the Departments, and the deliberation
of the Mayor of Paris;
" Inasmuch as it would be materially impossible to
adhere to tho day first fixed for the general elections;
" On the report of the Minister of the Interior, de-
crees—

" ht. The general elections of the representatives of
the people shall take place on Sunday, the 23d of April.
" 2d. The Assembly shall meet on the 4th of May
next.

" Done at a Government Council hel3 in Paris the
26th of March, 1848.
"The Members of the Provisional Government.
" ARMAND MARRAST. " DUPONT (de ',Tore).
" GARNIER PACES. " LOUIS BLANC.
" ARAGO. " LEDRU ROLLIN.
" ALBERT. " FLOCON.
" MARIE. " LANARTINE."
" CREMIEUX.

The decree is followed by the subjoined proclama-
tion, explanatory of the motives of the Provisional
Government in ordering the postponement. After
stating that the information received showed that it
was impossible to carry out the elections at the time
originally fixed, the proclamation says :
" It is now for you, citizens, to complete the generous
work which you have undertaken. The Republic is
founded ; no intrigue, no senseless attack, can prevail
against it ; the people wills it. It will know hew to
defend that which it has known to valiantly conquer.
Let it be organized on a large basis. Let the future con-
stitution carry into our constitutions, and into the laws,
the great principles of our revolution. Let your choice
prepare the reign of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Thanks to your assistance, citizens, the Provisional Go-
vernment has been able to this day to bear the burden of
public affairs. It does not wish, it cannot retard the
hour when it will have to deposit the power in the hands
of the sovereign authority, which is alone capable
of answering to all the wishes of. France, and alone
sufficiently strong to direct the destinies of the Republic
in the path into which the magnanimous impulsion
of the people has launched them. Da not then lose
time, citizens, in discussing opinions and men. Let
these, by their virtues, by their lights, by their purity,
by the love of their country, be true representatives of
the people, and Europe will salute the new Assembly
with the same enthusiasm with which the revolution
which the people have made has been received, and
which engenders the most power ful of propagandism—
that which is inspired by admiration."
The Moniteur publishes a decree abolishing the
committee of surveillance of the sinking fund, and
of the Cuisse des Depots aux Consignations, and
placing those establishments under the Minister of
the Finances.

The Itfoni(eur also publishes a decree allowing the
Bank of France to discount bills having only two sig-
natures, provided the third signature be replaced by
receipts for the deposit of goods in the newly-estab-
lished Government stores.

The committee of national defence, composed of
general officers, has decided that a camp of 90,000 men
shall be formed at Dijon, and that the reserves of 1847
and 1848 shall be sent to it.

The Government paper, the National, makes the
following announcement, without adding to it one
word of comment :—" The Piedmontese troops have
entered the Milanese?'

A deputation of Poles presented itself on Sunday
at the Hotel de Ville to demand arms, and to take
leave of the Provisional Government, before proceed-
ing to their own .country. In the course of his
reply to the address of the deputation, M. LAMARTINE
said—
" The French Government feels for the situation of
your glorious but unhappy country. The French na-
tion has never ceased to express its sympathy for Po-
land. It has never ceased to feel the obligation imposed
upon it by the fall of so many thousands of your noble coun-
trymen in the ranks of the French army. You desire
aid in your present undertaking; but, with all our de-
sire for the independence and happiness of Poland, our
duties restrain us within limits, which we cannot pass.
We cherish the hope that Poland will be independent
and free, and we shall be happy to concur in her at-
tempts to secure those blessings; but the time for and
the mode of displaying our regard for her must be left
to us. I shall add, that a peaceable movement will ad-
vance your cause more quickly and more effectually than
an appeal to arms."
Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN and Mr. MEAGHER arrived in
Paris yesterday.

The Constitutionnel announces that General PErz
is about to proceed to Naples, with the hope of pro-
claiming a republic in that city.
A regiment of Cuirassiers, is hich was ordered by the
Minister of the Interior to enter Paris yesterday
morning, was very nearly coming into collision with
the people. At the Barrier de l'Etoile a crowd as-
sembled, who informed the Colonel that the people of
Paris did not want soldiers, and that he should not
be allowed to enter. The Colonel replied that
his orders were to enter, and that he would do so
eoute que coute, but that he would wait with his regi-
ment where he was until a message on the subject
could be sent to the Government at the Hotel de
Ville. In the meantime he kept possession of the
gate. In about half an hour the messenger sent to
the Hotel de Ville returned with orders that the re-
giment was to enter the city. The crowd imme-
diately formed and attempted to stop them, but the
cavalry drawing their swords soon put them to flight,
And proceeded without further disturbance towards
the barracks.

M. ODILON BARROT addressed a meeting of the
electors of Laon on the 21st. The following is the
conclusion of his speech :
"My dear Fellow-citizens,—Above all governments
is the sovereignty of the nation! By the fall of the late
Government the people has found itself suddenly re-
possessed of all its supremacy, and it is that sovereignty
you are now about to exercise. This high mission im-
poses on you all the duties; for we can say without
exaggeration that on the choice you shall make, on the
constitution which your representatives are called on to
found, depend the destinies, not only of France, but of
the whole civilised world." He spoke slightingly of
those who would wish the people to believe they were
not educated enough to exercise the franchise; and of
those who would persuade them that there was no
necessity to have enlightened representatives. As to
the form of government, he said, " I will be the first to
recognise it, because I think that the republican form
of government is, from the present moment, at least in
fact, definitively and irrevocably acquired (acquise) to
this country. Foolish and criminal should be he who
would look back and meditate on any species of mo-
narchical restoration." He avowed boldly that he had
not been a republican, that all he had contemplated in
his opposition for seventeen years to the Government
was to attain great reforms, and to have a perfectly
constitutional monarchy. He concluded with general
reflections on the deficiency of all government, unless
the people possessed courage and perseverance in looking
after them.

It was rumoured in Paris that a revolution was on
the eve of breaking out in Russia, which was to be
brought about by the nobles, the army, and the sons
of the priests.
BOURSE.—Penis, MONDAY, MAncit 27.

THREE O'CLOCL-Great discouragement was mani-
fested to-day at the Bourse, and every kind of security
continued to be offered throughout the whole day's
business. The decision of the Provisional Government
to postpone the National Assembly was much discussed,
and met with very general disapprobation. It was to
that feeling in great part that must he attributed the
exceedingly heavy fall that has taken place. The Three
per Cents. opened at 441., but declined at once, and closed
at 40f. 50c., or not less than 4f. lower than the last quo-
tation of Saturday ; the Five per Cents. fared still
worse, closing at 60f, or 4f. 50c. lower. The Four-
and.a-Half per Cents. were negotiated for the first
time since the 10th of March, and show the enor-
mous depreciation since then of 191., closing at 58f.
Bank of France shares have fallen 100 f., being last done
at 1,850 f. Belgian Fives are 51. lower, closing at 59f,
and Roman 3r. lower, at 53f. Piedmont are at 790 E, being
101. lower. Railway Shares have also declined con-
siderably; Orleans show a fall of not less than 130 f.,
closing as low as 5151.; Rouen arc 22f. 50c. lower, at
387 f. 50c.; Vierzun, 20f. lower, at 2201.; Northern and
Lyons, 7f. 50c. lower, at 3281. 75c.; and 2921.50 c.;
Strasburg and Nantes, 6f. 25c. lower, at 335 f. and 331 f.
25c. Bons du Tresor were negotiated with 38i per cent.
loss; the English sovereign is worth from 27f. to 271.
10c.; French gold is from 70f. to 80f. the thousand;
specie for the thousand franc note costs 20!.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK EXCIIA.N6E,Bi;iC; 27.
Boulogne and Amiens, 6%—Dutch Rhenish,l/2 —Northern
of France, 2N —Paris and Lyons, I%—Paris and Orleans,
25.—Paris and Rouen, 154—Paris and Strasbourg, 1%—
Sambre and Meuse, VA.

GERMANY

AND

THE NORTHERN STATES.

GERMANY, POLAND, and RUSSIA.
Austria and Prussia continue tranquil, but there
appears every probability of a war between United
Germany and Russia, Poland being the battle-field.
The great object of the Germans is to interpose an
independent nation between themselves and Russia,
and this object is distinctly avowed in the following
article which appears in the Cologne Gazette :
" If Re look carefully at our position towards foreign
states, nothing is more certain than that we shall shortly
be in open war with Russia. ONE MONTH HENCE, AT
THE LATEST WE MUST BE IN THE FIELD. The will of
the German people has pronounced itself in favour of
the re-establishment of Poland. Prussia will have to
give up a portion of her territory to attain the great
object—an intermediate kingdom between Germany and
Russia. This movement has already commenced. A
provisional committee has already been form at Posen
for the regeneration of Poked, with the sanction of the
Prussian authorities.

" If Prussia is to make a sacrifice of territory, it
must be understood that it does so with the certainty of
attaining the desired object: Posen must not be gii en up
with a chance of its falling into the hands of Russia.
Prussia and Germany cannot remain strangers to the
Russian• Polish war. The words in the royal proclama-
tion of the 21st of March, recommending a federate
army, and an army neutrality, are equivalent to a call
to arms."

The same journal publishes the following address
from Prince CZ ARTORTSXI :

" ?OLAND TO THE GERMAN NATION.

" The heart of generous Germany will surely have
leaped at the solemn call which at this moment wakes
humanity to commence a new era. The voice of liberty
had, indeed, scarcely spoken in her manly tones, when
it was echoed from the shores of the Baltic to those of
the Adriatic sea. A mighty echo ! It formed the
world anew by proclaiming peace and love, by crushing
all strife and all hate ! That fraternization of the na-
tions which is now accomplishing is a characteristic fea-
ture of the present admirable commotion, and shows that
humanity must Lot stop short in the career she has en-
tered, but proceed victoriously to degrees of perfec-
tion which were hitherto unknown. Man, the master•
puce of creation, bears within him all germs of that per-
fectibility which creates our admiration as it is shown
in the moral development of the nations.
Fraternity is to the people what love is to
individuals. Love, purified and ennobled in man,
makes him an ideal being; fraternity, if once acknow-
ledged by the people and practised among them, casts
them into the mould of a perfect accial state, such as the
human heart can dream, and the human mind conceive.
It is this perfection which our society seems destined to
attain; it is the era into which, it appears, we have en-
tered, for indeed all voices hail the triumph of each in-
dividual nation, all hearts tremble with joy at the news
of a new share of liberty, no matter what nation it is
which obtains it. Generous people of Germany I—lt is
this feeling vr hich dwelt in your minds when France, in
February last, bore off such gigantic reforms. And
France returns this day the same sympathies for the ex-
traordinary successes which all the Germans have ob-
tained by their heroic struggles in March. But while
all Europe combats, conquers—while it unites its
millions of voices to glorify and thank the Almighty
—do ye not mark, noble children of ancient Ger-
mania, do ye not heed that deadly stillness which
reigns among your eastern neighbours? Or do you
believe that the furies of envy or of hate reside there ?
You do not believe it I Too long have the Poles and
the Germans been divided by their feuds of former
times. Poland fell, though she had been free. Her
spoils served to gild the chains with which your masters
bound your limbs. You are now free, but the Pules are
the slaves of a neighbour who prepares this very day
to crush your liberty as he crushed the liberty of Poland.
Though fraternity, which unites the people, should fail
to induce you to co-operate to the liberation of Poland,
your own most holy interests will compel you to do so.
Poland, in her nationality in general, and in her chil-
dren in particular, is the victim of that very Europe
which for ten centuries she rendered glorious. Free
people of Germany ! you will surely this day open the
prisons of the children of Poland, the prisons of Span-
dau, Glogau, Kustriu, Spielberg, Monkace, Kuffetein,
and many others. Such an act will harmonize with the
proud flight of your minds. But the German fatherland
will be sore and vexed at heart as long as a hated yoke
presses upon Poland, her sister in God.
" You will never suffer—you, who this day are free—
you will never suffer that Poland should remain en-
slaved, for in 1831 already you hastened to the rescue of
this same Poland, and you did it in spite of your despotic
lords ; and when the gloomy pall of death covered the
blood which stained that country, how glorious was your
enthusiasm when you opened your arms to the wrecks
of Polish liberty! Germans and Poles came at that time
to an understanding. They cursed the blindness which
caused them to share the hate which their detested
masters imposed upon them, and heart to heart, and
hand in hand, they recognised each other as brethren.
It was a happy omen! It was the morning dawn of that
grand time which now shines upon us. The past and
its sorrows were forgotten. You knew, and so did we,
that the blood shed in moments of blindness, or by the
wretched tools of a bloodthirsty despotism, could not
stand between us. And even now, in spite of the executions
. of Fischau and Megdeburgh—in spite of the severities
of Berlin, Posen, and Bromberg—in spite of transporta-
tions to America—in spite of emigrants hunted down
and peaceful citizens butchered in Galicia—in spits of all
this, oh, generous Germans 1 we are riot the less your
brothers. Neither Prussia nor Austria have, in our tears
and in our curses, ever been mixed up with the despots
and their tools. We have excused even the craven con-
cessions to the demands of the Autocrat which venal or
unpopular Cabinets made. Nay, we pity even the Rus-
sians, stained as they are with patriot blood, shed at
Praga and at Oschmiana--we pity them as misguided
brothers, as senseless executors of those sanguinary com-
mands of that single man, of that incarnation of the
genius of evil on earth, upon whom earth hurls the
curses of posterity for all times to come. There was a
time when Poland and her advanced civilization
shielded Europe against barbarism ; without con-
sidering her own interests, Poland arose in arms
to shed her blood under the walls of Vienna.
She did not traffic with her aid, and grand was the
enthusiasm of that grateful city for her liberators. Even
at that early time did our ancestors embrace each other
as brethren. Yes! men, people are brothers at all times
when a holy fire warms their souls, and when the petty
interests of those persons who would rather profit by the
faults and make a harvest by the passions of nations
than encourage national virtues, fail to separate them.
And now, generous Germans, since your heroism has
broken your fetters, you will net suffer other nations to
sigh under the yoke of tyranny. To suffer it would not
only be a want of providence, but downright fratri-
cide. You would be ungrateful to God, who has thus
blessed you. The arms of the aggressor broken in
his hand, their fragments will serve to break the chains
of the savage conqueror. But it is enough fur this
day if France and Germany, free and brotherlike, pro-
nounce but their will in a manner worthy of the prin-
ciples which they proclaim. Their word is enough to
liberate their Polish brethren.
" But if, in spite of the anticipations of human wisdom,
the torch of fraterniz itiou should not be allowed to illu
mine those hyperborean regions—should their Sovereign
in his blind infatuation, attempt to oppose the holy alli-
ance of the nations—should this be the case, then we are
entitled to think that Providence purposes to give a novel
and awful lesson by the overthrow of this modern Na-
buchodonosor. Yes, generous Germans, we call upon
you to let your representatives form a supreme tribunal
in union with those of France. Their demand shail be
the liberty of Poland ! And if their thundering voice
should preach to deaf ears, then call the Poles to arms,
and may the tricolored banner and the sword of justice
fulfil the Divine mission which God himself gives to
the nations.

PRINCE ADAM CZARTORYSKI."

If we are to believe an announcement which ap.
pears in the Breslau Gazette of the 21st, a collision
between Russia and Germany is imminent. Quar-
ters have been bespoken at Kalish, says this journal,
for 600 Russians, and nearly 150,000 Russian troops
are assembled on the Polish frontier. It would ap-
pear that the greater part of Poland, including the
Grand Duchy of Posen, is in a state of insurrection.

even before the sitting of the States, the following
concessions :

" First—The Diet to be replaced for the future by re-
presentatives of the people,: and the qualification to be
as low as possible for candidates. No qualification for
electors.

"Secondly—The representatives to co-operate in the
passing of the laws—such laws to pass by majority of
votes.

" Thirdly—Ministers to be responsible for them.
" Fourthly—The perfect equality of every citizen in
the eye of the law. Protection of the person. Invio-
lability of property. Freedom of house and person, to
be only infringed by the arm of the law and upon serious
grounds.
"Fifthly—Freedom in religion, equality of political
rights of all citizens, without refirence to creed; total
separation of Church from State.
"Sixthly—Freedom of education.
" Seventhly—Entire liberty of the press, no preroga-
tive, no giving security, no judgment for any offence of
the press but by a jury.
" Eighthly—The right of petition without restriction.
"Ninthly—The right of meeting and a,sociating.
"Tenthly—Public and oral proceedings in matters of
law. Juries to be enacted, and all judgments in poli-
timl offences to be given by them-
" Eleventhly—The arming of the people, with the
power of electing their own officers.
" Twelfthly—No judge to be dismissed or changed
but by a court of law.
This address contained also an earnest appeal to
the ICING to dismiss from the Cabinet the Counts
D'AuNng and DE SCUWERIN. It will be presented by
twelve members of the deputation.
An extraordinary supplement of the Prussian
Gazette of the 23d March contains the following:—
"A deputation of the municipal authorities of Breslau
and Liegnitz has proposed to the King, as the wish of
the great majority of the people of those towns, a con-
stitution which should be founded on an agreement be-
tween the Crown and the representatives of the people,
called together by direct election. His Majesty having
heard from the deputation the main points of their pro-
position, delivered the following answer:—
" After having promised a constitution on the most
extended basis, it is my wish to publish a law for popu-
lar election, which should produce a representation em-
bracing all the interests of the people, without distinction
of religious belief, and to submit this law at once to the
Diet, the prompt convocation of which appears to me to
be the general wish of the country. I should certainly
act contrary to this wish of the country, as far as it has
been expressed up to the present timo, if I were, in ac-
cordance with your proposition, to promulgate an elec-
toral law without first submitting it to the consideration
of the states. As I count on your loyalty, I expect that
you and those who act with you will be convinced that it
is impossible for me to accede at present to your propo-
sition, and that I cannot do so until the general desire of
the country shall be the same as your own.

I shall present to the new representation of my
people propositions on the following points, in accord-
ance with resolutions which I have already made
known .

'" 1. For guaranteeing personal liberty.
" 2. On the right of association and public meeting.
" ' 3. On the adoption of trial by jury for criminal
affairs—that is to say, for political offences and those of
the press.
" 4. On the general armament of the inhabitants of
towns, with free election of their chiefs.

" 5. On Ministerial responsibility.
" 6. On the independence of the tnagistracy.
" 7. On the abolition of privileged tribunals.
" Further, the standing army will take the oath to
the constitution.

(Signed) " • FREDERIC WILLIAM.
" Count ARNIM.
" 1)E ROUR, Count.
"6 SCUWERIN. BORNEMAN.
" D'ARNIM, L. KIJUNE.
" Berlin, March 22, 1848.' "

The Austrians fled, but the Hungarians cried, Viva
Mafia!' The party from Binasco then proceeded to
Milan, and were joined on the way by several thousand
/nen from Lomello, armed by Count Litta and the Mar-
quis of Erba. On entering the city, i hey found the
people in possession of six pieces of cannon, which ;hey
had taken from the Austrians on the PLUZZJ del Dut mo,
the fighting was going on in the street, and great num-
bers were constantly arriving to aid the people, but rein-
forcements were also coming in to the othtr party. Two
thousand Genoese were ou their way to Milan.
" The people of Milan were still holding out on the2oth.
A body of Swiss had forced the Porta Comasina, and
dislodged the Austrians from that post. They had
brought ammunition and provisions, and were proceed-
ing to join in the attack on the castle. The chiefs of the
movement, at Milan, ore the following persons, who
have constituted themsc, Ives a Provisional Government:—
Cusati, the podesta ; Ruggiero Settimo, of Milan; Rossi,
of Alessandria; Dello Croce, of Vigevano; and Guiseppe
Avogadro."

" On the 20th the troops had succeeded in driving the
people from the Broletto, which had been up to that
time the centre of the movement at Milan; but on the
morning of the 21st the insurgents had regained their
ground, and forced the troops to take refuge in the
Castle. Radetsky then offered to treat with the Provi-
sional Government, but received a decided negative, on
any terms but unconditional surrender. The people had
at last gained possession of the powder magazine. They
had succeeded in placing a piece of cannon on the tower
of San Celso. The magnificent marble spire of the
dome: is in ruins.

"The inhabitants of Bergamo and Brescia had driven
out their garrisons, and were marching on Milan. Gen.
O'Donnell had been made prisoner by the people. The
intelligence of the arrest of the Viceroy at Brescia was
gaining ground.
" Letters from Stradella, of the 21st, confirm the
news of the insurrection of Modena."

The Nourelliste of Marseillies, of the 24th, says—

" The news which we receive from Turin fully con-
firms the facts which our correspondent at Genoa sends
us with respect to the events at Milan. In Piedmont,
as well as in Genoa, the Milanese insurrection meets
with thd most ardent sympathy, and the Government,
even before having positively ascertained the character
of the insurrectionary movement, did not hesitate to
second the national enthusiasm which carries Italian
patriots to the assistance of their oppressed brethren. In
fact, on the 20th, strong detachments of artillery, and s
corps of infantry, were directed in all haste to the fron-
tier nearest to Milan. But the most significant fact that
has yet transpired at Turin is the energetic resolution
taken by Charles Albert, in consequence of the demand
for aid brought to him by a deputation of Milanese, to
enter at once upon the campaign and to march upon
Milan Orders had also been sent by the Minister of
the Marine to send into the Adriatic all the disposable
naval forces, with directions to second the movement of
the population on the coasts. The Austrian navy would
in this case not only be incapable of measuring its
strength with that of Genoa, but it is probable that a
great majority of the sailors would juin the popular
movement."

The Semaphore de Marseilles contains the follow-
ing :

"At Milan, on the 18th instant, the people, armed
with sticks, seized on the military post at the Palace of
the Governor, and some of the soldiers were killed.
The tri-coloured Italian banner was hoisted on the
Palace. The municipal body and the Archbishop
harangued the victorious people front the balcony of the
same Palace, but their speeches could not be heard in
consequence of the confusion. Barricades were subse-
quently construrted in the streets leading to the
Palace, as far as the Bridge of St. Damiens. The first
carriage that served to form a barricade was that of the
Vice-President of the Government, General O'Donnell.
The streets were in an instant unpaved. Not a
soldif r was to be seen. According to the Concordia,
the people captured the artillery which had been
planted in front of the Cathedral and Palace.
The barricades were completed during the night
of the 18th, and on the morning of the 19th the
fusillade and cannonade commenced, and continued
the whole day. A Croatian regiment was partly
destroy( d by projectiles thrown from the windows and
roof's of the houses. The peasants arrived by thousands
from the neighbouring country, and the tocsin was rung
in all the villages. Radetsky is said either to have
retired into the Castle or fled. The viceroy departed
from Milan oa the 17th, with seven carriages, escorted
by 50 gendarmes. lie wept bitterly ; on his way, he
met the courier bringing an account of the insurrection
at Vienna. After reading the dispatch he struck his
forehead, and proceeded on his journey. Thi news pro-
duced an extraordinary sensation in Piedmont. Several
cabinet councils were held. A battery of artillery left
Turin on the 20th for Vercelli, escorted by the 14th
regiment of infantry, a portion of which was to proceed
to Novara, and another to Mortana. The Civic Guard
fraternized with the troops previous to their departure.
A deputation of Milanese, amongst whom was C. Lue-
chini, came to demand assistance. The Council of
Ministers assembled, and resolved to send off, without
delay, all the disposable force towards Lombardy. The
expedition was to be commanded by the Duke of Savoy.
The Piedmontese journals state that Lombardy had
offered itself to Piedmont.

" Letters from Genoa inform us that the young
men of that city were enrolling themselves to march to
the relief of the Lombards. Five thousand had already
repaired to the frontier."
The Milan mail was still due at Turin on the
22d instant. The llisorginiento, however, contains
some intelligence collected on the frontier, from
which we extract the following :
" At Arona, on the 20th, the greatest excitement pre-
vailed, and a mass of the neighbouring population, all
provided with arms, marched in the afternoon to the
relief of the Milanese. On the 21st, a steamer, full of
Swiss volunteers, arrived in the same town. A letter
from Novara of the 20th states, that the Milanese fought
most valiantly against the Austrians, who were still in
possession of the bastions, and prevented all ingress into,
and egress from, the city. The insurgents were com-
manded by Barromeo, Litta, and Casati. In the evening
of the 19th the tocsin was rung in all the adjacent vil-
lages, and the inhabitants who could procure arms at-
tacked the Austrians from without. General Radetsky
had accordingly given orders to all the troops detached
along the frontiers, and in the rural districts, to fall back
on Milan. Three hundred cavalry marched from
Pavia on the morning of the 19th, and entered Milan by
the Ticinese Gate, not, however, without sustaining a
severe loss from the fire of the neighbouring houses.
According to another letter from Novara of the 21st
inst., General Radetsky had summoned the Milanese to
surrender in twenty•four hours, threatening, in case of
resistence, to convert their city into a heap of ruins.
The Pudesta Casati replied that the people were deter-
mined to fight to the last, and were not intimidated by
his menaces. On the 20th Pavia closed its gates.

"It was reported at Turin that Modena was in open
insurrection, and that the Austrians had been driven out
of the city. Parma had also revolted, and the Duke
was believed to be a prisoner in the hands of the in-
surgents.
"On the 21st the cavalry regiments of Genoa and
Nizza departed from Turin to join the Piedmontese
forces collected on the line of the Ticino, and on the
next morning they were followed by a regiment of the
guard.
" A number of Israelite young men joined, on the
21st, the corps of volunteers proceeding to Chivasso,
and were saluted with fraternal acclamations. The
Minister of Public Instruction had informed the students
of the university who took arms that they should not
lose the advantage of their present year of studies."
A telegraphic dispatch has been received in Paris,
announcing the entrance of the Piedmontese troops
into Lombardy to assist the insurgents.
The Austrian troops in Milan still held out (on the
21st inst.) Being in want of provisions, they offered
to treat, but the Poiesta replied that he would listen
to no terms until they :should have evacuated the
citadel. The conflict then became more murderous.
The result was not known, but the news of the revo-
lution in Vienna would, no doubt, cause the submis-
sion of the Austrians.