The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-26 00:00:00

A PROPHECY from the POTATO

We remember a nursery fragment—as, doubtless, does the
reader—running thus :
. " The butcher, the baker,
The candlestick maker,
All jumped out of a rotten potato !"
We know not whether the good Father Mathew had this
doggrel in his thoughts, but he has hopefully suggested that
future plenty may be made to germinate from the present
potato blight. The noble meek-hearted man has written a
letter to the Cork Examiner, in which he dilates on the use
and importance of Indian corn as an article of food. He
says, " I hope for many ulterior advantages from what at
present is a calamity; our people will be deterred from de-
pending solely on potatoes for food ;" and he concludes as
follows :
" With the gratifying prospects now before us of suSicient remune-
rative labour for the whole unemployed population of, Ireland, I in-
dulge in the expectation of soon seeing the potato reduced to its pro-
per position of a vegetable to be used with flesh meat, &c., as an ac-
companiment, and no longer to be esteemed as an exclusive article
of food, except for hogs."
We fervently hope so too. And when Paddy shall enjoy
his own pork, with a bit of Sunday mutton or beef; shall
break his daily bread of good wholesome corn ; when he shall
be enabled to secure to his family these small comforts, ori-
ginating in the present dire distress—made ultimately at-
tainable by him in consequence of the attention of the Le-
gislature to his present misery—then let the little children
of Ireland be taught the above-named doggrel as a house-
hold song of comfort and thanksgiving, and let them (gene-
rously assuming the advent of the maker of candlesticks)
pipe from contented, full bellies, the realised prophecy :
" The butcher, the baker,
The candlestick maker,
Did jump out of a rotten potato."
We think that Victoria herself would hear as sweet music
in this as ever she listened to in "God say's the Queen."—
Punch.

Died, Deceinber 22,. 1845, struck by a cannon-shot,
while gloriously stoiminft tfie seilth batteries in front of Ferozepore,
Lieutenant George Alfred Croly, 26th Light Infantry, eldest
son of the Rev. Dr. Croly, Rector of St. Sttplien's, Walbrook, London

A CHESHIRE HERO. Sir John Littler, who was
engaged in the fete battle of Moodkee, in India, is the eldest son of
Thomas Littler, Esq:, t'y Diana his wife, daughter of John Hunter,
Esq.; a Director of the East India Company, and represents a family
of ccucifierable antiquity in Cheshire, where, in the Vale Royal, his
ancestors were settled in the time of Edward L Sir John Littler
was born Jan. 6th, 1782; end marrieds Jane 25th, 1527, Helen
Olympia, only daughter of Captain hemp Stovtatty son of John
Stewart, Esq., claimant of the earldom of Orkner.-67tesfer Courant.
DtAirli or Mits. BUssE. We regret to announce
the death of this amiable and talented lady, who expired at her
honk On Friday last. Her loss will be severely felt in the musical
profession, of which site was deservedly an ornament. Mrs. Bushe
(better known in the musical world at Miss Noel) was the original
Agnes in Der Frieschutz, 'a hen it was prodaced in Edinburgh,
and in which she made a great impression ; and feW will forget the
exquisite taste and feeling she imparted to all our Scotch banads, in
Which she excelled. In private life Mrs. Bushe was universally rc
spected, and we need scarcely say that her death will be regretted by
a large circle of friends and admirers.—Ediaburgh Advertiser.
GENERAL THEATRICAL FUND.—The annual meeting
of the members was held Oil Wednesday, at the saloon of the English
Opera House ; Mr. Buckstone, the treasurer, in the chair. From
the report of the committee, read by Mr. Ctillentord, the secretary,
it appeared that the object of this institution was the granting of
permanent pensions to actors, actresses, chorus sidgets, dancers,
pantomimists, and prompters. The necessity of such a land had long
been felt by the members of the profession, from the exclusiveness
of the Covent-garden and Drury-lane funds. These patent theatres
only assisted the decayed members of their respective companies
(pantomimists excepted), while the General Theairical Fund was
open to all persons connected with the stage, with the exception of
those engaged in the musical and scenic departments. Drury-lane im-
posed a servitude of three successive seasons, and Covent-garden two
successive seasons, to entitle a member of such company to the advan-
tages of either funds, consequently the majority of actors and actresses
were excluded from the benefits of these rich and prosperous in-
stitutions. A very clever letter, expressive of these sentiments, from
the pen of Mr. H. Hughes, of the Surrey Theatre, was laid before the
meeting. The financial statement of the directors was subsequently
read. The receipts during the past year had been 3,0961. 15s. 5d.,
while the expenditure was only 451. 19s. 7d. The amount of annuity
proposed to be granted during the ensuing year was 251. There
were four claimants. The report of the committee having been con-
firmed, it was determined that the first public dinner in aid of the
fund should take place early in April, at the London Tavern, at
which Mr. Charles Dickens had kindly consented to preside. Among
the donors to the institution appear the names of the Duke of North-
umberland, 50/. ; Mr. C. Kean, 501. ; Mr. Macready, 30/. ; Mr. B.
Webster, 201. ; the late Mr. Davidge, 20/. • Miss Helen Faucit, 51.
(annual) ; and Mr. W. Farren, 51. (annual). The customary votes
of thanks having been given to the officers of the fund, the meeting
separated.
MORNING TRAINS TO LONDON.—We understand that
It is the intention of the directors of the Grand Junction Railway to
comply with the request of the merchants of Liverpool, recently con-
veyed to them in the form of a memorial, praying that they would
establish a morning as well as an evening express train between
London and Liverpool. It is generally understood that the morning
train will start at 6 A.M., and reach London about 12 ; and we be-
lieve that it is the intention of the directors to delay the starting of
the down-train to Liverpool until 5 o'clock in the afternoon, in order
that persons desirous of performing the journey to and from London
In a single day may have more time to get through their business.
It will thus be possible for merchants, brokers, and others, who may
be desirous to attend sales of sugar, wool, indigo, and other articles—
or professional men having business to perform which requires their
actual presence on the spot—to pass the previous night at home, to
spend four or five hours in London, and again to reach home the
same evening. The distance travelled will not be less than 420 miles ;
and yet, such is the ease as well as the swiftness of this mode of tra-
velling, that it will be performed with much greater ease, and in
pretty much the same time, as the journey was formerly performed
from Liverpool to Manchester, and back again, in the same day.
Twenty years ago this was considered something of a feat, although
the distance travelled over was only 72 miles.—Liverpool
'‘:.QUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTfe—On Wednesday the annual
=milt of all moneys received aml. disbursed by to Gopveernceoriarsbeorf
Queen Anne'S Bounty dtifilig the ye
were printed. Thebzr ending the 31st of
1i44, which have been presented toisoiiament,
The yearly tenths in arrear were 901. 2s. el.
ens,
itteornGuardian
says, It Is now confidently stated that Mr. TtilbOt dilustOn, M.l'., the
receipts were 181,8911. 12s. 5d., and the (..,,s)barsements 178,7561. 9s. Pd.
SIR. PEEL'S MEASURE.—The
ITlftdahnf
Talbot
says, it is now confidently stated thatT3lllre.
neutralising the vote of his c 1
has
comesgivbeen-I
Member for North Lancashire, votleaguee,wilthr. thweiplsreoetecrtieotnteisht.s,
The
neutralising
Birmingham
nepirihonexg a/efstatres
GethayterLordenWt
measure,
urofe,Dwuhdelehyit
yhaHiomnus fjeaovouo:Journal
Lords.
WAGIIORN.--
The Court of Directors of the East
India Company have presented Mr. Waghorn with the sum of 3001.
in consideration of his useful and zealous services, and of the ex-
penses which he has incurred in the establishment and during the
progress of steam communication between Great Britain and India.
--aftb4 Infrtia

A DESULTORY CONVERSATION
ON THE RAILROAD DEPOSITS.
A. It appears very singular to me, that in the Bank
of England weekly returns, which show an immense in-
crease in the private deposit account, there does_
not appear to be any material decrease in the amount of
Bank-notes in circulation, or increase in the amount of
bullion—can you tell me how this can happen?
B. It is impossible for me to give you any particulars
as to the private operation of the Bank of England, but
I can clearly explain to you how it is possible for s
banker to show an immense increase in the deposit sc:
count without one single penny of cash being paid---so
a single bank note nor a single sovereign !
A. Please to show the fact as it is possible in respect
to the railway deposits.
B. I dare say you have read .in the newspapers that
the Accountant-General has accepted the cheques drawn
by the directors of the railroad companies on their
London bankers.

A. I have.
B. Well, then, we will suppose that a London bankier
has taken securities to the Bank of England, and WO
arrangements for opening a " cash credit" account, stle
for 1,000,0001., being the amount he expected to
drawn upon for.
A. I understand. The London banker in such, case
would be entitled to draw on the Bank of England for

1,000,000/.
B. The directors of the railroad company paY tboir
cheque for 1,000,0001. on their London banker into 01.
hands of the Accountant General. The Accountant
General pays this cheque into the Bank of Eng Witt.
whose clerk takes it to the London banker for parne—i
The London banker having opened a cash credit aeon?.
with the Bank of England for 1,000,0001., does not
cash for it, but draws a cheque on the Bank of Eugi)-8,1,
for 1,000,0001., which he hands over in exchange for n
cheque drawn upon him by the directors of the ra
company,
A. I see. Then I suppose the Bank of Engl'a
balances the London banker's "cash credit" account,ll:o4
gives credit for 1,000,0001. to the Accountant-Gen!
retaining the banker's securities for 1,000,000/. as ‘'
advanced. of
B. Precisely so. Thus you perceive that the wboloi
boat
standing the railroad deposits may be satisfied to answ
standing orders of the Houses of Parliament witicir
one single penny of money being paid • so theis
culation of bank-notes will not be decreased, nor alof
sovereign extra get into the coffers of the 13
Eng land.
A. The operation appears to be very simple wileP
explained.
B. Observe, I do not say things have been managed
°
tralir
this way. I merely wish to show you how Mall to
actions of this kind may be arranged. In order furtherla
satisfy you that the payments may have been matted
this manner, I would call your attention to the ``of
side of the weekly published returns of the Balla
England, where you will find that the securities ht",..111
the Bank of England have increased in amount woo,
equal to the increase of the " private deposit"
A. I see you are correctmay not the raw Ac.
k of
England have invested the money received by the, got
countant-General in securities, and in this way be
rid of their bank-notes paid in?
B. I should think not ; you will observe in the wee
returns that there are two sorts of securities 1100
" Government securities," and securities " other _Tog
Government. You will observe, also, if you Ono'
several weekly returns with each other, that the'tbsr
vernment securities have rather decreased than O.
wise, and that only the securities " other" than G o
sto
meat are so greatly increased in amount. Such belief°
case, I do not think the Bank of England would,looo
of themselves such deposits in private securities, I''Dtiot
they would not hesitate to open a " cash credit'
on the deposit of private securities.
A. I think your conclusion reasonable.
B. It is possible that many of these securities eileoft
as " other' than Government securities may, to r
be Government securities.
A. Tbis appears to be a paradox. Be kind eaou
explain bow this can be ?
B. Suppose the Bank of England enters undterhold
head " Government securities " only the aniennneof I
positively in their own name, and their own Pr°rt-saor
r
and that any amount of Government secutities,,, Pe
ferred to them as collateral securities, to secure t" sav
meat of bankers' promissory notes, are not by
't;111,10
of England deemed " Government securities,
thus carried to the account " Securities other th
vernment." weld
A. Would not this mode of making up til: • a
returns be an evasion of the Act of Parliament e,,,odem"
B. I think not ;in fact, if they do adopt To-
making up the weekly returns, I consider the)" IV0
fulfilling the spirit of the Act. ma 00
0
A. If the Bank of England has adopted this -
rendering assistance to the London bankers, blioe7
be said that there are so many millions of nioaeJ ?
up in the Bank of England in the railway depositsio
B. Of course the money cannot be locked "Pha 0;
intere!„ter
Bank of England, but remains in the hands of t"
-t
don bankers ; they can use it, and what
can make by the use of it over and above theill;, tbe
they will have to pay the Bank of England, viim.
London bankers' profit. of
A. Pay the Bank of England interest 2 l',°"10 V. 2
I thought you explained just now that the Wil° re'or
might be done without the use of any bank note 13 2
B. Not pay interest? Credit is money—the.,2
England gives the banker credit for 1,000,(70 OA
credits the Accountant- General with 1,000,000_,',4y
paid into his account; therefore interest is fe'j.joer
honestly due to the Bank of England for the
goo
modation.
A. I should think the " rest" will show pill ar
round sum by the time the next dividend aba'^
Glared.

B. I should think so too. 9, 0
A. What is the meaning of the word "rest?
.1;0.
B. It is only the French word reste, without ""
e; signifying the remainder, or the balance-the *, 4,
of th account, as generally written by merellthe voi
A. Retournons a notre propos. Well, then, ii" 010,40
don bankers have all the cash of the railway "'aro
their hands, the country bankers must be Pr-
0004
drained.
B. The London bankers may not have all elef,e4
in their hands, for it is very probable that oh7.,joo:ded
bankers have accommodated the country boll° ofo
the same way that the Bank of England Wigiot
them accommodation, and, likely enough9_titof,„cet,
part of the securities handed over to the 13'"',„retw4;
land have been forwarded to London from the, reiceil ; i,
A. If all this has happened, and no cash %.`",°, 0 '
what can make money or discounts so " tight' reit
termed ? of i"01°)
B. just suppose that the whole amount
-- ioletae,
way deposits had formerly formed part of i,teti,
number of accounts in all the bankers in Ens, ti'dti;
land, and Ireland, gentlemen's, merchafl`lotve
bankers' accounts ; it follows that those ae°° 0.0110;04
be decreased in the ratio of the railway in pi
the money transferred to a few, the banker 10,11 fet7
what time he may be called upon by the rads fotjpr
pany, will only lend the money in his hi° to leafed
short periods. He will perhaps net object /a be 0
seven, fourteen, or twenty-one days; be, w°l'„ntiagerir,
careful how he employs the money in diae°,llll/00
as formerly at two months' date. This na'-ojea ,
plea trade and commerce, which are chieflf ett it idrol;
means of bills of no less dates ; and, besidetioso.o,
rally suspected that many parties have 011;001500.1.
become shareholders in railroads-I say 0..00405
because they have been obliged to take
„sn''sits, hi:
their business affairs to pay their railway ti„erwliiicooti"
has crippled their resources; and their bills' ' , '
reaijily to be taken in the discount market, ofits 'fetes
upon." Perhaps, as the London bankers' P,010014A
reduced by having to pay the Bank of Engotiette e"
they require an extra per tentage for di',..° tle w
_,Ait-4
may be that this increased rate of interv'
evil rather any
lwe•salnnwtalsoBf9lsm6,oisnin,_Ner,eyarit(sevil;f3.
;3‘
doci•tifttobi
jaioe clioecerii:;oll!ci
A. There cannot be any want of raoneici theretofoe;
remain in the hands of the bankers, a° oao 0,0
be any difficulty in the bankers finding F/cie
,iois ~
ploying it, or they would rather have paired eff 081
itself into
withhthaeve Bank of
oßoyfaendEk
tnhgaeloadcn
adsphat hysatiat
Iboglirree
flet:rlo void ot;
couldsecuritineost
interest. the pa"
B. This you may rest assured of, that the
accept the accommodation offered bl,,es, get°'is
England, if it did not answer their perr-osits t° il''
A. Well. Now, how are all their deP e
again? 04 al% e
B. By an operation just as simple ‘l5O-GefeoffliPoi
The railway directors go to the Account san''',,,oalie
get his cheque, say for 1,000,0004, on "." their A.,1%-i$ or
land. This cheque the directors pay "Llsaker rijo4 of
their London banker's. The London ~
~t the dolt.,
cheque into his "cash credit account! _
o'o the '.-,ceitr;
England ; he then draws a cheque agalit. for it,f; Opp:
' aid gash A the
ar
England, and instead of being P and paiereeti
back the securities he had deposited, a,__eo il/4.
OP
of England the rate of interest that bad P'
„hell
for the accommodation. tlif
A. It appears all very Plaiirinfonrind "50tuiortesg"Itoej
plained. I thank you for your
B. Do not let me mislead you, bY )(awed 61,0,01
operations positively have
t-of-the- • „Jr,
stated. You know laminan ou . „.rioatioupor
.00
been Per ioty p
have no direct means of getting ta_w_ibility 01;thotO
have wished to explain to you thefo!.
,ereigo..,,n 0
°ow ° sliv
r coova
itunotenrevteanrytiotnraonfse,acstiinogniseobf:ohke.okind,
or
thaAn.klyohuavkeinbdeleyn
for interestedyou r inform
Ilfracombe, 01) 0:00.
Or
Ilfracombe, Feb. 1i.......... 0 Wellot 0'
---- ~.ued 0 _.... t tot
d a
yE, xbEyC
oUrTdleor Nosf,
the „-dingexecutf allir 1611
1814, 70 were executed, including
eNs.: of` who
ireeuti
.901
clrBilm3e,
usnsro7idn,ef
reiEtw:
England
dan ithanndgsa9lin,o2dollNfBBolr),3seol3 ,
.123 for
Joni
15
.0 .
ji
57 were executed for various crannura
bar of s
_Act , 0
_.O
includingisl
01 214 idp2efsr7ido r ret:°: orie'lur:,`;
41112: 1:4:1,41011A i;
2ns9,:bir3rafourrdrnetire* .10::sliel:,:etiru,
_4l:
Englandthat of murder.and w. a Mouse
creotroumrnosoz.it
severor
Ir.
.111
raurder i , 12 for
_toder.l
15 for murder ; 1820, 107, ; 1823, D4'io for 0,6 g 1,
)EinrenalgrBisaltn7l;delaflnosldlwoWNevriaenlgeesxw:e_eerueltsidliBe'
,0
;.or
murder • 1822, 95, 18 for murder 1825, 30t,3, hieluror tel,
1824,49', including 14 for murder;
murder; 182c427'9 ' 74, lA9; iliSiller
182 G, v 7, urde • i'" iB3l, ". 'Oll-'0
urger; , 6 for ~.t 141,,
1828,
der ; 1830, 46, in
_1: .51'4, inciudiia4 is the Let'; len,
.5
..ad,, in tbleocatiO 1-6, -
if8g33,1233,f06r
fmorurder;
murder.
respect to which any returi?: r_l".‘specting.a
iso,
e:wo
ever, from a return append d T.
appears that ~e crlieorders3s,
don and Middlesex, it ecuted for 2 for
183, 10
for murder 5; in 1828, 1829, an der 6; .I',,s; 1, 1 ;
r for ror ~Av crite_i r • le , Ow
in 1831, 1832, and 1833,
c'ted for .--, xuart.ei-jjer for
d 1830, 5' ,- ., 100
, °
allBl2a7,lBth3e6,nnumenbeer,,o,efrepeerxsoenesuce:ed,
s__
ol_.
for
ottia
oil 4
1838,
"41
1839,
3 wereed, alsiol 1151 ii
06
1841, and 1642, 4 were execute__ were
..fs 012•7
845 there c
in 1843, 1844, and 1 , ~ 565 pa WWl"'
murder likeYfiker ii $t 4/' v
NZ "