The Sun.
London, England, 1848-09-04 00:00:00

SPAIN.

We have received Madrid papers of the 28th ult.
The QUEEN has returned from La Grangja to
Madrid. During the course of the journey the
horses attached to the carriage of NARTAEZ ran away,
and the General leaped out of the carriage and re-
ceived several bruises. His health is much impaired,
and it is generally supposed that he will retire, and be
succeeded by MON.
M. CABALLERO, a wealthy merchant, had been
arrested on an unfounded charge of having cashed a
bill for the Montemolinists, but he was shortly after
released, and several Ministers waited on him to ex-
press their regret at what occurred. He was, how-
ever, so affected as to become seriously ill. The high
character and popularity of M. CABALLERO, who is an
intimate friend of the Minister of Finance, caused his
arrest to create great sensation. There was a talk of
several Members of both Chambers intending to pre-
sent an address to the QUEEN, praying that arbitrary
political arrests may be put an end to.
The Clamor Publico pretends that M. MoN's de-
mand for an advance is not favourably received by
capitalists in the provinces.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday
and of yesterday.
Although it is exceedingly pr3bable that France
may not ultimately be compelled to make an armed
demonstration in Italy, it would appear from the fol-
lowing, which appears in the National of Saturday,
that nothing but absolute necessity will compel the
French Government to order the army of the Alps to
cross the frontier. Should the peace of Europe be
disturbed it will be solely attributable to the obsti-
nacy of the Austrian Governnint. The National
says:-
-"rile affairs of Italy natural!) excite public curiosity.
Accordingly we are not surprised at versions the most
contradictory and :taters.nts the most hazardous being
put iu circulation by the j-urnals. Add to that, nu-
merous representatives of Lombardy or Venice too
much disposed to take their hopes for realities, and ie
their patriotic impatience to outstrip the still unknown
resolutions of the Government, and you will understand
how yesterday, for example, the departure of a corps
d armee la declaration of war against Austria, 860., were an-
nounced. Lis well to warn dle public on this point. Repub-
lican diplomacy has nothing to hide, but precisely because
it acts in open day, we consider suspicious all that it
does not openly avow, all that it does not openly pro-
claim The least inconvenience of these controverted
accounts, these anonymous communications, which are
so numerous, would be to mislead the country, and
perhaps to create us useless embarntssments with foreign
Cabinets. At present nothing is decided as to the
armed intervention of France. The reply of Austria,
little satisfactory in form, does nut imply at bottom an
absolute refusal of the mediation of Great Britain and
France. It must not, however, be dissimulated that this
reply, such as it is, may place the Government of the
Republic under the necessity of supporting its offers to
the belligerent parties by a demonstration. Austria
only alleges one single motive for not pronouncing on
the question of mediation. She is negotiating, she says,
directly with Piedmont. Without inquiring whether
Piedmont is entitled to spz-ak in the name of Lombardy
and Venice—which is more than doubtful—we will con-
tent ourselves with causing it to be remarked that the
motive put forward by the Cabinet cf Vienna does not
even exist ; as in point of fact the whole Cabinet of Turin
protests against the supposition of a private treaty between
Sardinia and Austria. If then any negotiations have been
entered into cn the subject of the affairs of Italy, they can
only be personal to the King. This declaration, of
which we guarantee the exactitude, has an importance
which will escape no one. Evidently Charles Albert
cannot alone and in his private name engage both his
states and the whole of Northern Italy. Thus Austria
cannot longer shelter herself behind pretended negotia-
tions with Piedmont to reject mediation. At the present
hour, the two Powers which have taken the Italian cause
in hand have to call on Vienna to explain itself catego-
rically. We repeat, that we hope that, better inspired,
Austria will accept the offer of mediation, of which the
bases were, so to speak, laid down by the Austrian
Cabinet itself, before England and France interposed.
The initiative, an honourable initiative, belongs to
Austria. It would not be worthy of her to abuse her
victory by retiring her proposition. Besides, what
would she gain by so doing ? Does she not feel that
her Italian possessions are for ever lost, and that
henceforth, Milan, a desert, and Lombardy, abandoned,
only offer her a costly occupation ? Let Italy belong to
herself—such is the wish of Europe—such is the right
of those populations which force has been able to sub-
ject, but not conquer. Until Austria shall be,
decided to reply categorically, things will re-
main in the same state, and any hostile attempt against
portions of the Italian territory not included in the
armistice is interdicted to the Austrian army. We have
not been alone in laying down this condition, for, if we
are well informed, the English Cabinet has addressed a
dispatch to Vienna to protest against any aggression
against Venice. To sum up: Austria, interrogated by
us, and long silent, has put forward her negotiations
with Piedmont. Now, Piedmont declares that it will
not negotiate, and it was difficult to understand how it
could be otherwise, after her formal acceptation of
mediation. What remains then for Austria to do? If
she be sincere, recognise her error, and, in that case, ac-
cept our offer.i; if she understands her own interests,
abandon what already no longer belongs to her; if she
be just, be the first to proclaim Italian independence. If,
on the contrary, the Cabinet of Vienna, counting too
much on Frankfort, obstinately refuses, then we shall
have to examine, not if there be reason to declare war—
we reject the responsibility of that idea—but whether it
may not be necessary to show to Austria that, when the
French Republic has placed the nationality of a friendly
people under its protection, it knows, if necessary, how
to present at the point of its sword, as was formerly
said, the treaty of peace which its negotiators have pre-
pared."

The Journal des Debats considers the reply of
Austria as tantamount to a refusal of the proffered
mediation of France and England, but does not con-
sider that the peace of Europe will be disturbed in
consequence of such refusal. Austria, it appears, had
entered into negotiations with the Piedmontese Go-
vernment before the mediation was offered, and the
terms proposed by Austria were believed to be to the
following effect :—The offer to yield Lombardy, pro-
perly so called, to the King of SARDINIA ; the consti-
tution of Venice into a free town like Hamburgh or
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in return for these concessions, the demand of a sum
in money (it is said 400 millions) representing the
contributive part of Italy, in the debt with which the
Austrian Government is charged.
The Siècle states that a French brigade embarked
on Wednesday at Marseilles, for Venice. The Mar-
seilles journals, however, make no mention of such an
occurrence.
The Afeniteur contains the following official report
of the state of affairs at Montpellier :
" The Government has received the following news
from Montpellier : —Report of August 29.—The success
of the Legitimists in the municipal elections had
irritated a part of the population. For some days past
about 1,200 or 1,500 citizens met every evening on the
Place de la Comildie. They then generally went
through the quarters inhabited by the Legitimists,
Yesterday these
The Legitimists
tmimainsitfseshtaaci
manifesta-
tions assumedsinging patriotic pa trio tai c
graver character.
gained a complete victory in the Council-General and
the Council d'Arrondissement. Vague rumours an-
nounced that disturbances would take place, and
precautionary measures were adopted. About eight
in the evening a crowd went along the boulevards, pre-
ceded by a national guard in uniform bearing a tri-
coloured flag. This crowd was returning into the town,
when several individuals, coming out of a Legitimist
club,: called the Club de Urne, fell on the national
guard, threw him down, and took away the flag. The
latter used his sabre, and gave a very dangerous wound
to ono of his aggression,. Several persons were wounded
on both tides. The prefect then proceeded, at the head
of some national guards to the spot. The Legitimists
had carried their wounded to a neighbouring quarter,
called the Place de l'Olivier, chiefly inhabited by gar.
deners known for their counter-revolutionary opinions.
This quarter assumed a menacing attitude, and the pre-
with
as
ho w hastenede r of
st
gn
pre-
fect determined to enter it and endeavour to calm
matters. He was accompanied to the Rue de Refuge
na
ins advocate,
e and w twoas
greetedgendarmes. lie
by only M. CrouzA, commissary of police, M. Nouguier,
nounce his intentions; but scarcely had he been reco -
d,
when
h
toonaes
and wounded in the shoulder, whilst the • commissary of
police was wounded in the head. At the same time,
some shots were fired, and one of the gendarmes was
mortally wounded in the back. At the same moment,
on another point, M. Pt'ytavin, juge d'instruction, re-
ceived two halls in the leg. Tho prefect then returned
to the mairie, to have cartridges distributed to the Na-
tional Guard, and to order out fresh troops. Ho next
went back to the Quartier de l'Olivier, where he was
joined by the judicial authorities, by the general in
command of the division, at the heed of a battalion of
sharpshooters of Vincennes and a battalion of engineers.
The quarter was surrounded, and a judicial investiga-
tion was at once commented, which went on through
the night. The Court of Appal Iris had the matter
was shot died at
gendarme who ,
brought before it. The
three in the morning.
The illoniteur adds to the above the following
telegraphic despatch, dated the 31st ult., at noon :
" Tho gendarme who was shot was buried yesterday.