The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-23 00:00:00

:1?-44 BER
3
3 1 7 , 7 OCTO 23) 1846.
No. 16,873, LONDON, FRIDAY
ro a" C 4
llt '3l °

TIHE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.—The prin.
ciple of this valuable invention is clearly demonstrated by
Professor Bachhoffner in his Morning and Evening LECTURES at
the ROYAL POLY VECIIN IC INSTITUTION. Dr. Ryan's CHEMI-
CAL LECTURES, caily, and en the ETCIIIIIgS of Mondays, Wed-
nesdays, and Fridays. The principles and uses of the WORKING
MODELS, and other specimens of the Useful Arts, are explained to
the visitors. The OPAQUE MICROSCOPE. The OXY-HYD MOGEN
MICROSCOPE, by CAItY, re-produced with the most interesting
*,bjects. The latest DISSOLVING VIEWS, by Charles Smith, arc
of great beauty.

DR.

PUBLICATIONS.

BOWRING AND HIS CON
STITUENTS.

were to be consulted, I should look upon them with
greater confidence. But I have learned. to distrust pub-
lic men.—(Hear, hear.) I am bound to inquire, an 3
shall still inquire, from what Ministry most can be ob..
tained for the people. I hope that Lord John Russell
will outbid Sir Robert Peel in his efforts for the' well
being of the community. I hope he will uproot abuses
more courageously—that he will introduce reforms more
rapidly and more perseveringly—that he will give more
ample effect to those liir?ral principles which he
professes, than we could expect from a Government
which called itself Conservative. But if he fail, I am

Just publi:,hed, Second Edition, much enlarged, with Maps, &c.,
1-ND lAN RAILWAYS,
By AN OLD INDIAN POSTMASTER.
" In no other publication extant is there the same amount of vain•
alic information to be found as in this upon the ail engrossing an(
most important subject of railways in India, or information of a mon
complete and compendious form and character."—Observer.
" Interesting to all who are connected with our eastern empire, a,
well as to our European capitalists."—Douglas Jerrold's Newspaper
" We have been both gratified and instructed by the perusal of hi:
pages."—The Scottiih Railway Gazette.
L.ndon: T. C. Ne% by, and Simokin and Co. Dublin: Cummhq
and Ferguson. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd. Glasgow : Griffin
an I Co. Liverpool; Grape].

BOLTON, THIIIISDAY.—Yesterday evening Dr Bow -
• ing, the Liberal Member for this borough, in accord•
ince with his annual custom, paid a visit to Bolton, for
the purpose of explaining his Parliamentary conduct to
ais constituents. The meeting took place in the Tem-
. lerance Hall, which, notwithstanding the wetness of the
veiling, was crowded in every part. An attempt had
)een made to excite a prejudice against the Honourable
dember on account of his continual refusal to vote for
ho Ten Hours' Bill, but it failed.
HOOERT HEYWOOD, Esq., was called to the el-air, and
• be briefly stated the abject of the meeting, and called
.ipon Dr. Bowring to address the assembly.
Dr. Bowiuso came forward amidst chaeas, and said—
Gentlemen, in one observation of my worthy friend,
vhom you have honoured by-calling to the chair, I do
not concur. He says he is sorry to see such a crowded
assembly. Now, in such a presence I rajo:ce ; for it
s my pride, my highest pride and satisfaction, to
come before so many of the good people of Bolton as
are now gathered together, to render to them—electors
and non-electors—an account of the manner in which
have discharged that high and honourable mission
with which they have entrusted me. When I im•
posed upon myself this duty I voluntarily engaged, from
time to time, that I would come amongst you to discuss
taose questions of public and of Parliamentary interest
n which you are concerned; to give an account to you—
your servant, and you my masters—of the views I have
formed and the aotes I have given on public affairs; and
to 11' eav our to ascertain, as far as I am able, how far
those votes and how far those opinions represent the
community with which I have the honour and privilege
of being associated. And now, at the end of one of the
most remarkable sessions of Parliamentary history—at
the end of a session in which questions of [the greatest
importance have been discussed and passed—l come to
,ell you of the part which your representative has taken,
and I come to inquire of you whether, in your judgment,
have worthily fulfilled the engagement upon which I
entered—whether I have done what I promised to do, or
'ailed in co doing. The aeaaion has beenlong and labo-
rious—memorable I may call it. It has seen great
changes and great conversions. Your representative has
not been converted, because he was an old representa-
tive of those opinions which at last have obtained the
sanction of a Parliamentary majority. Your represen-
tative has not changed any of the views which first re-
commended him to your notice, or that influenced his
conduct, or his character and his conduct. I told you
from the first, what I now repeat, that the greatest good
of the greatest number would be the object to which my
attention would always be turned--that I considered
myself the representative of the interests of the many,
and especially of the unrepresented—for I know, as
you all know, that the rich and the mighty have many to
care about their concerns, many to legislate for their
interests, whilst I thought, and still think, that there are
too few who are now interested in the well-being of the
great mass of the community. Now representing, as I
always hope to do, the great interests of this great mass,
you will do me the justice to own that there are
some occasions on which my opinions have not always
been in accordance with them, or with the opinions of
many of them. Yet to many questions on which the
well- being of the laborious multitude is concerned, I have
endeavoured to devote a constant and religious attention;
and now I come before you to review what has been
lone. I can conscientiously put my hand upon my
!wart, and say that neither fear nor favour has influenced
any vote of mine; that as I never bought you, so I never
sold you, and that whatever has been, and whatever may
be the principles to which I am pledged, I am, and can
Oe firm; and I hope that nothing will seduce me from
the path of public duty. From time to time one great
question has engaged the community in this district.
It will be to the honour of Lancashire, that the founda-
tions were laid of that great alliance and magnificenct
union, bringing together the intelligence, the activity,
and virtue of the manufacturing and labouring com-
munity, and headed by excellent men, they marched
against the great citadel of monopoly. At the be-
ginning of this session of Parliament that citadel
appeared to stand on a firm foundation, and those who
defended it treated us, the assaulters, with scorn and
mockery, but aided in the good cause, and supported by
public opinion, we have been able to tear up that castle
from its very foundations, and have marched triumphant
over its ruins.—(Applause.) Bolton was asked its opi-
nion, and Bolton demanded, through its representative,
the immediate and total, the irrevocable repeal of the
corn-law.—(Cheers.) It has been irrevocably repealed.
I wish the repeal had been total and immediate.—(Loud
cheers.) That question still presses upon you and the
community at large. Far better would it have been if'
the Government had done what a small band of faithful

Admission, Is. ; Schools, Half-prico.

HALL OF ROME, GREAT WINDMILL.
STREET, HAYMARKET.

Eight doors iroin Coventry-street.

nut the servant of the Government. And if Sir Riber
Peel can outbid Lord John Russell, Sir Robert Pee

Under Distinguished Patronage.—The original Poses rlastiques and

Tableaux Yivans,

Professor TURNOUR, ever anxious to diversify the attractions at
the above splendid theatre, begs most respectfully to inform the
Nobility-, Subscribers, and the Public, that he has succeeded in en-
gaging one of the finest Models of the day, wh-' wilt appear every
afternoon and evening during the week in Professor Tumour's cele-
brated groups of Venus Rising from the Sea and the lute Player.
The new Classical Groupings, which have been acknow'edged by the
press as fur surpassing anything of the kind ever a,tennited in this
country, will be repeatsd during the week, introducing the TIMER
COLOUVA) FEMALE MOD Et,S, natives of ilindoottan, who liftve
been received with rapturous applause by fashionable and crowded

shall have my support.—(Cheers.) Parties, as you are
aware, are broken into pieces. The very Parliatnent
that was sent to support monopoly was the instrument
for its destruction—the very Parliament that was sent
' together to opp tae the demands of the people ceded
'hose demands—the very Parliament with whose advent
Toryism triumphed has given Toryism to the winds.—
' (Loud cheers.) But now what is to be done for Ireland?
['here are millions of men famishing in that country.
No one who holds a seat in the Legislature can consider
the question of Ireland without feeling the hig!t end
awful responsibility which attaches to him. Let the
laws which govern Ireland govern England.—(Cheers.)
Let us have no separate legislation.—(Cheers) Let
Irishmen, and Scotchmen, and Welshmen, and English-
men be held equal in the judgment of the law. I would
tot impose on Ireland any peculiar burdens, because I
love Irishmen ; I will not give to Ireland any peculiar
benefit, because I represent tho English. But let us
have justice for .all—(Cheers)—the same rights, the
same laws, the same recognition of privileges which in
every free country belong to every free man. I know
that there are many amongst the Irish landlords who
think that the representatives of England will give them
a poor-law in Ireland to be paid for with English money.
I don't think that fair. Ido not think it fair for us to
put our paupers upon them. There are some who think
that it would become England to endow the Irish
clergy. I strongly dissent from that. lam not for en-
dowing arty clergy of any sect out of the public funds.—
(Cheers.) I wish you to understand this subject ; for
there are some persons who think that the Irish clergy
can be bribed with English money, and that the Irish
people will be silent under whatever distress they may
suffer. I would rather that the Irish clergy should be
supported by the Irish people, and be content with the
voluntary aid which they receive from their consci-
entous followers. With regard to the education of t`..e
people, I look upon it as the foundation of the people's
happiness, and I shall aid any measure proposed for their
general instruction. I propose voluntary education ;
and I do not hesitate to say, that I would much rather
the community would do what is done in many parts of
Europe—provide for the instruction of the rising gene-
ration. I know countries in which there is not a child
who is not taught to read and write by the spontaneous
liberality of the public ; and I wish that were the case
here. I wish that everybody could be convinced that
the peace and prosperity of society depends on raising
the people higher and higher, and not in trampling them
down lower and lower.—(Cheers.) They must be edu-
cated, but not in a sectarian spirit, nor in a way that
will offend their religious prejudices. I would not
have creeds taken into the school, for this might
arouse religious prejudices in their breasts. If Parlia-
ment understand its high mission, it will occupy itself
in inquiring how it can improve the social state. Some
attention has been paid towards improving the dwel-
lings of the people, and attempts have been made te
make water cheaper and more accessible. Other laws
have been introduced for improving ventilation and
drainage, and I hope we shall see more improvement
in the recreation of the people, such as providing public
parks. One of the advantages 9f peace is, that men will
not be carried away into foreign regions, to have their
passions excited by tales of bloody battles and unproduc-
tive victories—tales of men brought together, not for the
purposes of mutual benefit, but of mutual destruction—
not to serve the interests of peace and love, but those of
war and hate to one another. I have great reason to
believe that the question of the improvement of ihe con-
dition of the people will be amongst the subjects next to
be brought before Parliament: for now a greater neces-
sity is felt for the enactment of laws that will improve
and elevate their stations in society. Such inquiries will
have my cordial aid. The other day• I moved in the
House of Commons, for the third tame, for a return of

houses.
Diarning Performance at Three o'clock, and Evening at Half-p3st
Eight.—Stalls, 2s. Gd.; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is.

GRAVESEND STAR and BLACKWALL
PACKETS.
Packet and Railway Fare included in one payment upon every
Passage.
N.B.—No other Packets call at the GRAY'S or GREENHITHE
PIERS.

FROM THE NEW TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND.
WEEK DAYS.—At 7,4, 831, 931, 11%, 1,2%, 4, and 5.
SUNDAYS.—No Packet at 934.
FROM THE BRUNSWICK WHARF, BLACKIVALL.
he Trains starting One Quarter• of an Hour before each of
. - . these times.
WEEK DAYS.—At 931, 11, 12, 131, 2%, 331, 4%, and 6.
. . • - SUNDAYS.—No Packet at 12.
Fares.—To or-from London—Fore cabin, and Secomd Class Rail-
way, 94, ; Fs,aloon and mites Railway, Is.
To or from Blackrall and intermediate Piers-Fore Cabin, M. ;
Saloon, 9(1.
Boat Tickets.—nr 'Twelve months, 41. 4s. • Six months, 21. 15s. ;:
Three months, 11. 1 OS. To be had of the donectors en board the
packets; of Mr. Monk, Terrace Pier, Gravesend ; or of Mr. Saunders,
Brunswick-wharf, Blackwall.
Star Office, Gravesend, Oct. 14, 1846.

the money taken from the pockets of the people, and
which never went into the Exchequer, and which was
paid again without. any Parliamentary sanction. Would
you believe that it amounts to seven millions sterling?
Seven millions sterling are received by the different de-
partments of the Government, and paid out again with-
out any previous Parliamentary sanction or control. I
have known particular offices in which the parties, when
they wanted money, got it by selling old stores. I would
lot allow any department to sell old stores; and if they
did, I would take care that the money which they pro-
deced should go into the Treasury. Having stated his
willingne,s at future times to give an account of Id,
stewarthhip, Dr. Bowring sat down amitht, lou l cheers.
In answer to a question from an operative named
RIDER

man attempted,- instead of leaving that miserable frng
leut of a sliding scale, which will totter during the few
-ears that it has to remain. Far better • would it have
,een if the repeal had been total and immediate (espe-
Aally at this moment, when millions are meutced with
starvation), and if the ports of this country had been
optried fur the free adrciision of food from every part
)1 the known world. You have heard me say again and
v,;ain, that what it is right to do should be done corn •

pletely, and should be cliine promptly. I grievefo;the
plaee,andl rtjo7at the
takingmove-
place, entreating
nt.
t the hero r
lIM
whicha je sty•
ml eel
na !clay
which which
is has anso taken k e n
e—t(rCadheeetros.)foreign
,o open the ports of this country to
arlivltt.ecomefree from every
ahneopbeleoepxleamolptlleaitsoemotanitkryindw:
have,
natiaotns. last,TE xhehyi htiotelda
favourotir
was idle and vain for us
L: partt a oaf, tahbeowu- world.—(Cheers.) rflrde.
we went with our arguments in
paositniffiteedietnotoaunrsllvs,
us to recollect—when
.avour of free trade, the
,f monopoly, and that w)a.e
hypocritical protestations. stoinall
But at last the. force of
argutnent and the effects of the urgent necessities of the
time h :ve brought many men to our opinicns. But
the principles of free trade have been strong enough to
upset and to create governments. Their mission is
being accomplished here,
foreign lands. Mr. Cobden,and it is being accomplished in
o than whom there is no more
worthy representativethe middle classes of this
country—the best portion
of whomp a of the population—that popu-
lationdregs below and the se celebrated writer said there were the
classes of society there urn
above, bat in the middle
man who above all men."'" everything excellent—that
manufacturing populatia represents the feeling of the
to conquer in other landsn
is '
gone forth conquering and
sense he forced c ,eviction,.—(Cheers.) By his own good
he conducted the judgment by his own quiet demeanour
of others, and by his honesty
and enthusiasm he will
win
golden opinions ; and the
time is not far remote when
it home will be ace en that which has been done
us
abroad, and the barriers
which have separated s from other lands mill be broken
down, Enabling us to
communicate to them the en-
joyments of which we
them- the have a superfluity, and taking
from
cess. Free trade produce which they have in
hasex-
found an utterance in
France, free trade hasfound an utterance in
Belgium, and even in
been formed, and our Spain a committee has already
high•minded and honoured friend
has found a welcome in that once distinguished and
spreading in spread through Europe, and it is
of wisdom and Americatruth are and
England, and now the words
are echoed over the land. The
voice of England is heard,f and will still be heard in sup-
port of the interests our common humanity. That
has no doubt been the great object of the past session.
It perhaps is more b
sent and to the ecoming
in me to look to the
future,pre-
which they can influence, than to
the past, which they cannot change; and more appro
priate is it that I
should
speak to you of future inten-
tions and of coming
events, rather than of thosewhich
have passed away, and which'
we can neither modify nor
alter. Yet there is on
your friendly opinione subject on which I have carried
LI •
ogging. I need not tell
and support, I speak
of military
system.—(hear, hear.) I you of the horrors of that
voted for its overthrow again
and again in days gone by.horridconsequences,
which a man was declare the case at Hounslow, in
have been punished to by the verdict of a jury to
con-
demned to die. That case death, who had not been con-
so strong a feeling, thats I
e excited in the public mind
take advantage of that feeling to deemed it my duty to
abolition of that species of
punishment—a punish-
ment so dishonouring to our country,so dis-
honouring to our race—a punishment which implied lmplied that
the men of England were made of baser and
than the men of other nations who had not feltviler stuff
it neces-
sary to employ the scourge in order to preserve what is
i called military discipline.—(Loud cheers.) gave notice
in the House of Commons that it was my intention
to
move for the total abolition of this abomination.
requested to delay. I was assured that Imight I was
em-
barrass" the proceedings of the authorities Uf mo " oted a
question so ticklish, and upon which the public mind was
so sensitive. I thought it my duty to persevere
test the House of Commons, and to ascertain and to
whether
there was in a House of Commons, calling
themselves
the representatives of the people, a majority who would
consent to tolerate the longer continuance of this
wicked.
lingtoa became a little alarmed, and Iwasassured and unworthy mode of punishment. The Duke of Wel-
if I would only wait, everything should he done
that
one that
could possibly be accomplished in the existing state of
things. My answer was, that if any fragment was left
of the system, that system I would still denounce, and
endeavour to overthrow. _(Cheers.) The
Government
came forward, and declared that they had reduced the
punishment to only fifty lashes, and they h
would satisfy me and satisfy others, My oped that
answer
was, " No—(Loud cheers)—while there is _ the power
to inflict ono lash on the back of a soldier
I will still protest, and divide the House"—(Ch
and to that pledge and promise I continued
faithful.eers)
did not carry my motion; but be assured that 1
this
tor-
turing scourge will ere long be laid aside; forthree
nights after my motion was rejected in thell only
ouse of
Commons, I myself had the pleasure of hearing the
able
of Wellington say he rejoiced that he had boon
modify the punishment, and that he hoped the le
to
h army
might be disciplined without flogging, and
truited he might be able to see the day
when
.t at he
would
be for over and finally abolished.—(Cheers.) Int acting
as I have done on this occasion and upon this
feel sure that I shall not have forfeited your oonicr, .1
nion.—(Loud cheers.) And now we stand surrounded
by many embarrassments and many difficulties. True
it is that the government of Sir Robert P eel Las
passed
away, and has been succeeded by another, respecting
which I may say, that if my individual affections only

Dr. BOWIIING declined to vote for the Ten Hours' Bil
A vote of thanks was then given to the Doctor for hi
general Parliamentary conduct; and after a vote ha
Leen ra,s,:tl in favour of the Ten Hours' Bill, the pro
ceedings terminated.

THE MANCHHEsTEtt ATHENJEUM
EN TE RTAINMENTS.
MANCHESTER, THURSDAY. - The grand soirée and
ball, which have usually comprised the whole of the
annual entertainments given by the directors and mana-
gers of the Athenmum, have been this year preceded by
a public breakfast to the principal guests, at the Albion
Hall, Piccadilly. The breakfast was given yesterday
morning in the handsome apartment denominated the
concert-room, where covers had been laid for about eighty
gentlemen. Mark Philips, Esq., M.P., President of the
Institution, took the chair, and on his right were seated
the Mayor of Manchester, his Grace the Archbishop of
Dublin, the Right Hon. T. M. Gibson, M.P., William
Brown, Esq., M.l'., 1)r. West, and John Potter, Esq.;
on the left of the Hon. Chairman were Joseph Brother-
ton, Esq., M P., Charles Swain, Esq., G. Dawson, Esq.,
M.A., and James Heywood, E-q. At the other tables
were W. Chambers, Esq., A. Ireland, Esq., W. Gibb,
Esq., Malcolm Ross, Esq., Edward Blackmore, Esq.,
J. C. Prescott, Esq., D. Gaskill, Esq., T. Baker, Esq ,
Z. Leigh, Esq., J. J. Hayeg, Esq., E. P. Lamport,
Esq., B. Syddall, Esq., T. S. Clayton, Esq., J. M'Gregor,
ENq., T. B. Potter, Esq., Charles Mackay, Esq., LL.D..
John Sudlove' jun., Esq., J. -A. Turner, Esq.. W. 11.
Myers, Esq., Rev. H. 11. Jones, R. Leake, Esq., S.
Bamford, Eeq , G. Greaves, Esq , C. Pountney, Esq., Dr.
Booth, vice-principal of the Liverpool Collegiate lustitu-
tion ; Dr. Hodgson, E Chadwick, Esq„ poor-law com-
missioner ; J. Kennedy, Esq., James Burton, jun., Esq.,
E. T. Bellhowe' Esq., Peter Thomson, Esq., IL T.
Robberds, Esq., Peter Royale, Esq., W. Marsden, Esq.,
G. Winter, Esq., W. H. Ainsworth. Esq., Dr. Satter-
thwaite, Dr. E. Holme, C. H. Cope, Esq.
Tho vice-presidents on this occasion were A. Watkin,
Esq., and James Crossley, Esq.
The breakfast covers having been withdrawn,
The CHAIRMAN rose and said,—As the very unworthy
individual who occupied pro tern. the office of President of
the Manchester Athenmum, it had devolved upon him to
occupy that chair, and, with their permission, he would en-
deavour to state the object of the present meeting, and why
it was that the directors of this institution thought it de-
sirable to bring a few of the gentlemen who had con-
sented to honour them with their presence at their an-
nual soirée together this morning.—(Hear, hear.) The
directors thought that as there were many distinguished
individuals present from different parts of the empire,
many of whom would be probably unacquainted with
each other, and with the nature and history of the insti-
tution they were met to honour, that it was desirable the
directors and they should have some little opportunity of
an interchange of sentiment and conversation before we
met for the more important proceedings of the day, which
was the soirée to take place in the evening.—(Hear.) Mr.
Edwards, one of the directors of the Athenmum, was
prepared and anxious to state concisely to their friends
from a distance what were the objects of the Manchester
Athenaeum—what was its present state of prosperity as
contrasted with the past—and, as to the future, they
would leave that to the anticipations of its friends ;
soliciting at the same time the assistance of their friends
who had so kindly come from a distance, as to any sug-
gestions they might be able or willing to throw out for
promoting or increasing the welfare and usefulness of
the institution, which we in Manchester cherish with so
much pride and pleasure. It was pleasing to him, he
was sure, to think that their institution had weathered
the storm so far. It had been in peril, it had been
threatened with destruction, but it was now they had
reason to hope, besed upon a rock, and could be able to
defy every danger with which it might be assailed.—
(Loud applause.) They were not dependent upon the
support of royalty or the great; many of the institutions
of the town, such as the Infirmary, and another institu-
tion having for its object the fostering of art—the Royal
Institution—had the benefit, and well deserved it, of the
royal patronage ; but be was not aware that the support
of royalty could of itself make this a more valuable or a
more useful institution.—(Hear.) We in Manchester
had been taught to rely mainly upon ourselves, upon our
own efforts, and he thought there was no town in the
kingdom which could give nobler examples of how
much might be accomplished by a reliance upon such
means.—(:fear, and applause.) They did not expect to
be complimented by strangers upon the state of
the streets, upon the architectural beauties of
their principal edifices, or upon the sewerage or
sanatory regulations of the town; but this he would say,
that there was great progress making in that direction.
• He hoped, however, that while they were thus attending
to the improvement of the outward and physical com-
forts of the community, it would not be supposed they
were neglecting that more important duty, withoutwhich
all other improvements must soon have an end, the cul
tivation of the mind. And while he spoke of mental
cultivation, he did believe that our Manchester Attie-
MUM would prove one of the most valuable institutions
in the town for that purpose—(Loud applause)--and as
it was supported by the town without reliance upon any
extraneous aid, it was an instrnce of how much might be
accomplished by a reliance upon local energy and self-
exertion in a good cause.—(Continued applause.)
,He
should now call upon Mr. Edwards to make his report
without further trespassing on the- time of the meeting.

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PRICE SD.

' He had felt that it was a mistake on the part of the
A thenwum to have done him the honour of electing him
their president.—(No, no)—breause he knew that his
public avocations were such as to call him from town,
and to prevent him attending their meetings and giving
his attention to the gen.--ral business of the institution ;
he was, however, when he accepted that office, perfectly
satisfied.that the office was an honorary one, so long as
it was in the hands of more able directors, and he had no
doubt that the report which Mr. Edwards would lay
before the meeting would show that the institution was
cherished and conducted by a body of men who desired
to make it as useful as possible, and who, along with
that desire, also possessed the means.—(Applause-.)
Mr. EDWARDS then read the report, whie'i detailed the
origin and pregress of the institution, and stated that
the number of meta bees at present was 2,501.
The CHAIRMAN said he had been requested to state
that though Lord Morpeth had not been able to honour
them with his company to breakfast., he was neverthe-
less in the town, and though absent in person was with
them in spit it.—(Cheers.) In stating what was at this
time occupying his Lordship's attention, he might ob-
serve that he wast experiencing a difficulty which was
often ft It by others—the impossibility of being every-
where at one and the same time.—(A laugh). His
Lordship, as one of the Commissioners of Woods and
Forests, however, was anxious to look at the new pub-
lic parks which had been opened in Manehester—(Ap
plause) —his Lordship being at the present time engaged
in laying out one himself under the direction of the
Woods and Forests, and which contained what in the
view of the Manchester people was a great desideratum
in grounds of this kind, no less than nine acres of
cricket ground.—(Applause.) His Lordship had re-
quested Mr. James Heywood to communicate these
facts, so that it might be understood it was from no
want of sympathy he was not with them this morning.
—(Applause.) He now begged to call on Mr. Charles
Mackay to say a few words.

CHARLES
. immediatelyrose, but spoke
_HARLES MACKAY,__ACKAY
in so low a tone that but few of his observations reached
the reporter. lle was understood to say that he was
called upon most unexpectedly, but he could not help ex-
pressing the.ritcp sati.faction be felt as one interested in
the education and improvement of the people, in being
present on this occasion. As regarded the education of
the people, the foundation of such institutions as this,
perhaps, was hardly connected with it in the sense to
which the public attention was now being generally di-
rected; but at the same time, if education'on a broader
basis was to be attempted, and we were to have a
Minister of Education, he hoped institutions like this
would receive his attention; that he might be induced,
for instance, where such an institution had expended a
thousand pounds, to give another thousand. In a large
and wealthy town like this, perlieps, there might be
little need for such assistance and encouragement; but in
smaller towns, not blessed withprosperity like this, there
was very great occasion for it. In the town with which
he himself was connected (Glasgow) there was no such
institution as thin; no public library, no athenaeum, no
public parks ; such institutions had been tried, but had
not flourished. D sgrace attached to them, perhaps, for
Laving failed, but nevertheless it was a fact, showing the
desirability of aid such as he had hinted at.—(Hear.
hear.) He again expressed his gratification in being
present on this occasion,

Charles Pountney, Esq., Wm. Chambers, Esq of
Edinburgh, and several other gentlemen, having spoken,
His Grace the Archbishop of DUBLIN was next called
upon, and was received with much applause. He said it
would be superfluous to detain them with expressions of
sympathy, because his presence here on this occasion ex-
pressed all that sufficiently.—(Applause.) He certainly
should not have left the very numerous and pressing
calls he had upon his time in Dublin, to come here for
the purpose of looking at a mere raree-show, or attend.
ing a dance.—(Laughter.) He bad thought it incum-
bent upon him to show the interest he had in.everything
which concerned the diffusion of knowledge, and with
that view he had great pleasure in attending the present
proceedings, and he must say that, from everything he
had seen and everything he had heard in the inquiries
he had made, he had no reason to repent; for everything
had come up to the opinion he had formed of their in•
stitution.—(Applause ) He need not say anything about
his anxiety to promote education, because his life bad
been occupied in official or non-official efforts of that
kind; but he must say that he thought it important to
a town like this that they should have an institution
like the Athenwum. It might not lie the warmest pane-
gyric to pan upon them for having such an institution,
but he would say that it not only di.i the town credit,
but that the previous want of it did them great
discredit.--(Hear, hear.) He thought it incumbent
upon a town like this to see that the progress
of knowledge kept pace with the progress of num-
bers and wealth; or it must follow that shat had been a
sufficient amount of knowledge or education for a small
population would be disgracefully small for one very
much ir.creased in that respect.—(Hear, hear.) Of
eourn lie did not expect, nor should he ever supp ►se,
that an institution like this would fur.nish to its mere-

bers a cbroplcte education. The membersofsuZ.
institution were already engaged in professional pursuits
of !ifc, and he did not wish, nor bad they any means cf
givng their time to the going through a regular course
01 e.location such as was given at the universities; but,
considering that they hid a goorlibrary, w hich afford, d
she means, to those who were desirous of it, of acquiring
know', dge and of improving their minds, making up for
what had been previously left imperfect in their educa-
tion, he thought this institution a most valuable one. lie
was sorry to say that they were very deficient in this
point in Ireland. They had been, till a late period, very
deficient in the means of education generally, and though
a great advancemement had been made among the poorer
alas es, their system was still very incomplet-. There
had long been, as the company was aware, a university
r a. the education of the upper classes, but it appeared to
him that they were cultivating the highest and the lowest,
and leaving the middle classes comparatively neglected.
—(flear.) There was some provision for those who
were to be brought up to the learned professions, and
for those who belonged to the class of labourers
and paupers; but for those who were to become
clerks, and shopmen, and apprentices, -the despised
class alluded to by a gentleman who had pre-
viously addressed the meeting—(Loud laughter)—
for those there was so great a deficiency of the means
of education, that he was afraid the common labourers
would surpass them. They ranted better schools for
the middle classes, and institutions to furnish books, and
for encouraging a taste for reading, as well as to supply
lectures. He considered lectures without a library, and
a library without lectures, a very imperfect means of
conveying instruction. The means of access to lectures
and books together furnished, he would not say a perfect
education, but the best means perhaps that could be
supplied to those whose main time was occupied in the
pursuits by which they were to earn their living, ani
maintain their position in society.—(Hear.) He could
suppose that there were many who thought it a crude
sort. of education, and that they did not pursue such a
means of education under the best circumstances ; he
could undertake to say that the means of education the
Athenaeum possessed might not be the best that could be
bestowed upon those wholooked for a learned education ;
but the question was, not whether it was the best, but
whether the young men for whom it was designed should
spend their time in card-playing and drinking, or per-
haps worse, or whether they should have some kind of
mental culture.—(Hear, hear, and applause.) IVith
respect to the books with which the library was stored,
he supposed they were well chosen ; but as to the
periodicals and newspapers on their tables, of course
they took in those of all sects and parties. Na doubt
the person who had these before him had a vast quantity
of trash. There was no kind of misrepresentation the
public might not find in newspapers—(Much laughter)—
but what would become of that individual who read
only one kind of newspaper !—(Hear, hear.) lie would
become associated with some party clique, and his mind
would become embued with narrow sentiments ; but if
he had the whole, even if he did not choose wisely, he
had at all events the best chance of doing so.—(Hear,
hear.) It was the will of Providence that men should

be subject to good and evil, and because this earth was
not heaven men must not be left without hope. All
that could be done by such an institution as this was to
give light.—(Applause.) We ought to lay knowledge
before their members, and if they made a bad use of it,
they could not help it.—(Hear, hear.) If they put it
within the means of men to choose between good and
evil, they pursued the system which the Almighty him•
self had pointed out. We must guide ourselves with the
faculties he has endowed us with. We must say as the
inspired prophet said, " Behold, I have set before you
this day good and evil ; now, therefore, choose the
good."—(Loud cheers.)
Several other gentlemen briefly addressed the com-
pany, which broke up at a little before twelve o'clock.

MR. STEWART, M.P. FOR RENFREWERIRE —We
are glad to be able to state, that the sudden and very
alarming illness of the Honourable Member for Ben-
frewshire, which for the last few days has occasioned
such deep anxiety to his friends and the public, has now
assumed a more favourable aspect, encouraging them
to hope for his speedy and complete restoration to
health. Mr. Stewart's public services are very gene-
rally known and appreciated, but in the county of Ren-
frew where his many excellent qualities in private life
have also contributed justly to endear him to a numer-
ous constituency, tho accounts of his illness caused a
general gloom. which we trust will now be dispelled by
this recent report of his improvement. —Caledonian
Mercu y.
BRENTWOOD FAIR.—The attendance at this fair on
Thursday, notwithstanding the unpropitious state of the
weather, was very numerous, many of the buyers coming
from considerable distances. The show of stock was
but middling in point of numbers and quality, extraordi-
narily high priced were submitted to, and but few things
were left to the second day. Good short-horn heifers
made from 141. to 191. But few sheep were exhibited,
far which a ready sale was found on equally high terms.
Some of the short-horn heifers were sold to go as far as
Bristol, and hundreds for Norfolk.—Essex Herald.
ST. IVES.—Great fears are entertained for the
safety of a small fishing boat, with three men, who
went out on Tuesday night, and have not returned.
The evening was fine, but at four o'clock on Wednes-
day morning the wind shifted to the westward and
blew a heavy gale. She was seen under very low' can-
vass endeavouring to reach the bay.--,Falmouth Packet.