The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-12 00:00:00

Arbroath and Forfar ••• •• •• •

Cct. 3
2
1
6
4
3
3
4
3
4
3
3

-----------;ister and Birkenhead . • • • •
Dublin and Drogheda.. .........
Dublin and Kingstown • • •
Dundee and Arbroath . • • • • • •
Durham and Sunderland
Edinburgh and Glasgow . •• • ••••• • ••
Eastern Counties and North Eastern..
East Lancasihre (six days)
Last ern Union • •• • •
Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr ......
Glasgow and Greenock.• • • ••• • • •• • •

Sept. 27
Oct. 3

295
811
805
1,239
415
658
4,206
10,034

429
2,462
1,057

180
€B3
7114
1,029
319
724
2,894
6,370

Gravesend and Rochester. • .. .... • . ••
Great Southern and Western .• ..
Great Wester'', Si,c • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• ••
Hartlepool . ..... ......... • ..... • • • •
London and North Western, &c.....
London and Blackwall.• • • • • • • • • • • • •
London and Brighton... ..
London and Croydon . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
London and South Western. • • • • • • • •
Manchester, Bolton, and Bury • • • • • •
Manchester, Leeds, and Hull Assoc..
Nl..ryport and Carlisle •••• • • • • •• • •
Midland, Bristol, and Birininghatn•—•
Newcastle and Carlisle • • • • • •
Newcastle and North Shields• • • • • • • •
ewcastle and Berw ck • • •• • •
Norfolk....
North British .. • • • • • • •• • • • •

Paris, Corbel!, and Orleans .. •• .• .•
Paris and Rouen. •• •• •• •••• ........

Preston and W3Te•••••••• •• •• •

Sheffield and Manchester-- •.....
South Eastern and Branches ••••••.•
South Devon. • • • •• • • • ••••••••••••

Pat' Vale

Ulster

York and Newcastle . •• •• •• •• •. ••
York and North •. .• .•

882
20,485
1,023
43,953
1,076
10,697

7,747

7,441

539
21,226
2,209

581
1,601
1,347

8,170

1,951
920
196

19,819
1,143
40,127
1,006
8,211

7,642
1,031
7,307

18,771
1,732
464

951
1,970
11,052
1,080
1,385

7,320
594
1,208
8,395

1,102

744
5,997
7,647

592
5,160
5,888

RESCUE FROM DRoWNING.—On 'Thursday, the
boatmen of the Ito) al Humane Society effected, at the
Serpentine, the rescue of a female who had precipitated
herself over the bridge in Kensington-garden?, and who
did not once rase to the surface. It was at least four
minute before she was recovered, Mr. Charlier, the
secretary, happening to be present. On the arrival of
the b )at (which takes nearly three minutes to man it
and pull it from the boat house to the bridge), the drag
was thrown three or four times before she was found ;
brea.the aqu.sphoric air. she
hi-r‘ce at least four minutes had expired before she coalz,
was placed in a
warm bath, end Mr. Woolley, on his arrival, bled her, as
he ,uff r, d much both from congestion of the brain and
She Nas conveyed to St. George's Hospital,
where she i,, pronounced out of danger. bhe proves to
be a servant out of place, lately come from Reigate
Surrey.

ehcst

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM. TIM MORNING PAPERS OF SATURDAY.
TIMES.—In another part of our paper to-day will be
found some observations on the subject of the Steam
navy of England, which appears to comprise a consider-
able amount of unwieldy impotence. Our fleet has been
somewhat increased in extent, but not in effiiency. Two
_Or three ships have been built which are merely so many
expensive encumbrances to our naval service. Oar decks
are turned into hospitals for incapacitated vessels, whose
fragile frames have been unable to sustain the wear and
tear of a cruise even, id fine weather. It seems that the
Retribution and the Avenger, both ships of enormous
tonnage and tremendous nominal power, are lying at
Spithead at this moment in a ,state of utter incapacity.
If the Retribution were suddenly called upon to fulfil
the purpose implied in its name, or if the country had
experienced any insult that the Avenger might be re-
quired to avenge, it would be Lund that they had
cocking About them more formidable than their titles.
Tee Retribution is labouring under the fatal complaint
of machinery too powerful fur her hull, so that there is
every probability of her tome day tearing herself to
p eves. Iler spirit, poor thing, is beyond her strength,
and with her eight hundred horse engines she is in the
predicament of a very high mottled racer we have
read of somewhere, that started off " as fast as it
couldn't gallop." The result is, that the Retribution,
like the steed alluded to, is speedily brought to a dead
stand-still. The ships we have mentioned are not the
only two that have been found unequal to the test of the
most ordinary service. The Bulldog and the Scourge,
both of which are sloops of upwards of eleven hundred
aens, are labouring under some internal complaint which
threatened destruction to their respective boilers. The
Bulldog has been afflicted with what is termed a "giving
out," which developes itself in the scattering of steam
over tLe officers and crew of the vessel. The Cat would
be a more apf,:f.l)riate name for a ship that has this
most disagreeable propenitv to spitting. It would be
awkward if in the midst of an action her
force were to begin to evaporate, through the trick her
boilers haye of "giving out,"sifaich, as out% were-
spondent suggests, would be as bad as " giving
in," when their services are required. The nation may
with reason complain that the ships constructed for the
use of the navy are so inferior to those which are built
for the merchant service. If science had been retro-
grading instead of rap dly advancing—if we found fre-
quent instances of inefficient machinery in the ordinary
steam-vessels devoted to commercial purposes, we might
regret the want of skill which prevented the improve-
ment of our fleet, but we should not have the mortifica-
tion of feeling, as we do now, that the public interests
are needlessly sacrificed. " How comes it," asks our
correspondent, " that the breaks-down complained of
seldom or never occur but in her Majesty's steamers ?"
We have heard of lawyers looking upon a Chancery suit
as a provision for life, it well worked, and of doctors
who contrive to make a patient a.constant source of in-
come, by always keeping him a little indisposed; but we
cannot believe that engineers would think it worth their
while to profit by the infirmities of their engines. We
will not suppose for an instant that the derangement
of the inside of the Bulldog is permitted to exist with-
out being wholly cured for the sake of the fees that
must be paid from time to time for doctoring. There
must, however, have been greatcause for blame somewhere
in giving the Retribution machinery too powerful for
her hull, since it was the duty of the builler and the
engineer to have had an understanding relative to the
compatibility of their separate labours. They may,
ierhaps, throw the blame upon some higher quarter, by
saying that they received orders respectively to build a
ship of a certain size, and to manufacture engines
of a certain power—an excuse that would shift the
onus of gross mismanagement from their own to some
one else's shoulders. The folly that has been committed
is like that of a man who buys a very large piece of fur-
niture for a very small room, when, after damaging both
of them in order to bring them together, it is found that
one renders the other completely useless. The Retribu-
tion is now lying incapacitated through the violent action
of engines of 800 horse power upon a hull incapable of
sustaining more than a 600 horse power without dan-
ger to its stability. Who would think of fitting up a
Blackwell " bus " with the boiler and other machinery
of a railway locomotive, putting the works of St. Paul's
deck into a library time-piece, or placing a "rule to
compute" in the hands of the Attorney-General ? Yet
scarcely one of these proceedings would be more absurd
than the folly of fitting up the Retribution with engines so
powerful as to cause well-grounded fears that the vessel
might be hurried to self destruction.
CHRONICLE.—The grand economical evil of Ire-
land is the cottier-tenant system. We were on the point
of calling it the grand moral evil also. Neither the
economical nor the mural evils admit of any consider-
able alleviation while that baneful system continues.
Tide truth is the foundation of the philosophy of Irish
wretchedness and Irish improvement It is the one thing
to be known, remembered, and perpetually thought of
by all who concern themselves about that country. It is
the conclusion which almost every one who sincerely and
seriously applies his mind to the matter ends by aiming
at. There is hardly any road whereby a conscientious
thinker can approach the eubj-ct of Irish distress which
does not lead directly to it. But it is not always clearly
seen in what the radical mischief of this tenure, as it
exists in Ireland, consists. It is often confounded with
the evil of small holdings. Holdings certainly may,
under any system, be tun small. But there may be
small holdings without a cottier system; and there may
be a cottier system without small holdings. A cottier
system may be defined, that in which the produce of the
land is divided between two sharers—a lindlord on one
side, and labourers on the other; the competition of the
labourers being the regulating principle of the division.
To see this system in the fulness of its pernicious fruits,
two other circumstances must be supposed, both of
which pre eminently exist in Ireland:—a country over.
reopled, at least in proportion to the efficiency of its
industry, and no considerable outlet for labour, other-
wise than in agriculture. In all countries in which the
labouring population have no property, their condition
depends upon the intensity of the competition for
employmeat. In England, and most civilised coun-
tries, the pressure of this competition is upon capital;
in Ireland, under the cottier system, it is upon land.
In England, over population produces its effect by
lowering wages; in Ireland, by raising rent. Now, there
is a truth so universally borne out by experience as al-
most to partake of the character of a law of nature; and
it is this. Whenever a population, excessive in propor-
tion to the productive power of its industry, depends for
subsistence wholly upon the occupancy of land, their
competition drives them to offa for the land a rent
merely nominal, a rent greater than the utmost which,
even on the most favourable supposition, they can pos.
sibly pay. A ftermer who has capital, who brings some-
thing to the farm, and risks something upon it, will not
bind himself to a higher rent than he thinks he can pay
without, at all events, encroaching on his capital. A
labourer who bids for land, not for the sake of profit, but
for subsistence, and with whom not to have land is to be
without the means of living, will offer anything rather
than be outbid by his neighbour. In such a case, if
there is any limit to the nominal amount of rent, it is to
be found, not in the calculations of the tenant, but in the
moderation of the landlord, his justice, his humanity, or
enlightened perception of self-interest.
HER ALD.—We received at a late hour yesterday, by
express, the Peninsular mails, bringing Lisbon letters
down to the 2d of the present month. Our active and
intelligent correspondent at Lisbon has furnished us
with a number of details of the greatest interest to those
engaged in the Portuguese trade, and of a more than
ordinary interest to the general reader. To the three
letters of our correspondent, dated respectively the 30th
of September, and the Ist and 2d of October, we more
especially refer our readers, because many minute cir-
cumstances and facts are set forth in them which it
would be impossible to give in any summary, however
well prepared. Difficulties appear to gather around the
luckless head of the Duke of Palmella; and as that
noble personage is a mere man of routine, without any
original views, and of no native force or strength of cha-
racter, though an extremely well-informed, sensible,
acute, and accomplished person, it is not to
b. supposed he will have the force or energy
necessary to extricate himself. If by any effort
of suppleness or flexibility—by any ingenious con-
trivance, or dexterous expedient—he can creep out
of the Ministry, and place the responsibility on other
shoulders, he will, no doubt, do so ; but this is not
a trick to be played twice. So long as affairs go on
arle)aolulute,i'l'at;o use the words
smoothly, and it is all plain sailing, there is no better
but when the
Portugueseenrsraed tapist is no better than
minister
windsnuisut echkroewf,ol)r.
aonuPortugalr t he ~
wthaat
your English Tadpole or Taper. The Marquis of Sal-
danha is too colds soldier to take the responsibility off
the shoulders of Palladia. He has repeatedly declined
to take office, and has evidently no relish to oppose
himself to the crash which is sooner or later to come.
It seems to be admitted on all hands that the present
Portuguese Ministry cannot last one month after the
Cortes shall have assembled, and even before the end of
this instant October they may be crushed by a financial
difficulty. The monied interests in Portugal—or at
least the directors of the bank, or a majority of them—
are favourable to the Cabralists, and are nut disposed
in any manner to lend a helping hand to the Duke of
Palmella. The authorised suspension of bank pay-
ments
to
ended
meet
a further extension of time, to which the Government
replied by a counter application for a loan of 560 contos,
o itsn the
engagements. 3d
Th directors applied for when the bank was
unable
about 130,0001. British, as the only condition upon which
the required indulgence would be granted. The refusal
of the bank to grunt the loan had very nearly brought
about a ministerial crisis. The Duke of Palmella, the
President of the Council of Ministers, was for resigning,
but the other Ministers refused to tender their resigna-
tions before they had made an attempt to raise the re-
quired
sum from another quarter. At the date of the
latest accounts the Ministers had not been successful,
though there was a prospect of their attaining their ob-
ject through a private company, with which the Marquis
of Fayal and Baron Fulgosio are connected. Borrowing
however, as Shakespere bath it, dulls the edge of hus-
'bandry, and when this sum is gone the Ministers will be
more "heinously unfunded" than before. To add to
their difficulties, paper is depreciated and specie scarce.
The very elements have even conspired against them, for
there is a deficient harvest, as with ourselves, and a
consequent necessity of getting corn over the frontier
from Spain. kto wan knows better than the Spaniard

Sir,-1f the Prince de Joinville lacks food for another
pamphlet, after stirring us into activity and exertion to
organise a steam navy, which we ran a muck to accom-
plish with all possible speed, there is ample scope for his
talents in exposing the ridiculous figure we cut now that
we have got a steam force upon the waters; as it appears
from incontrovertible evidence that although our war-
steamers are the largest in the world, they are the most
inefficient and expensive encumbrances ever introduced
into the service. There are now lying at Spithead two
strixing proofs of this fuer—the Retribution, of 1,641
tons, and 650-hor:e power; both- new ships—this their
tons, ant' 800 horse power, and the Avenger, of 1,444
first commission, and yet neither of them is at this mo-
ment fit for service. Both have just returned from a
of
feai weor htwavoebatook complain of p theof
1,123-ar
fine weather cruise. Nor are these the only examples
mneeffirsc;ieanwc3;eit
oogfsloino
tons, and 500-horse power, broke down when ordered to
leave this harbour for her destination; after a week's
detention, however, she was got to sea, but again became
hors de comhgt-at Plymouth, where, I believe, s& is at
present " fixed." The Scourge sloop, of 1,124 tons,, and
420-horse, power, was under the engineers' hands at the
saine tit it) as the Bulldog, her boilers, or some other
vital part of her organisation, having given out.
Whenever these mishaps have taken place, there have
generally appeared in certain prints sneers at " lame
ducks," and other ironical remarks, aimed at the credit
of the constructor of the vessel ; but the real question of
" Who's to blame ?" has been left untouched. It is to
ascertain this important feature, and then provide a
remedy, that I now draw attention to the subject. A
" pretty figure" we should cut, truly, with our large
steamers, larger in tonnage than many two-deckers of
72 guns, were their boilers to " give out," or their
engines to " give in," when their services were required
in action, reducing the officers and crew to the alterna-
tive of being boiled by their own steam, or becoming
food for the fire of their adversaries, without the power
of helping themselves ; yet in this predicament are they
likely to be placed, unless some more effectual and cer-
tain reliance can be placed upon the working of their
machinery than can at present be calculated upon. That
the fault lies with the engines no one can dispute, at all
events as far as the cases before us are concerned. In the
case of the Retribution, the machinery is too powerful for
the hull of the vessel—in short, the ship is not built
with sufficient stability for such immense straining
as she is subject to. It is believed that engines of 600-
horse power would propel her faster and safer than those
at present in her. Who is to blame for this? One of
two persons clearly is; either the constructor should
have known his vessel would be ruined and useless if
such tremendous power were given her, or the engineer
should have known that his engines were by far too
powerful for the vessel, and protested against the waste
of his " strength of materials" by having them placed in
a vessel whose capabilities were not sufficient for their
support. That too much of the fault lies in the parsi-
mony of the Government in contracting for cheap work,
we doubt not, " penny wise and pound foolish" being
the characteristic of men placed in situations where much
money is at their command, but who have an inadequate
amount of knowledge how to employ it. How comes it
that the breaks-down complained of seldom or never
occur but in her Majesty's steamers? I can only ac-
count for it in this way—that as the proprietors of mer-
chant vessels have less money than the Government to
spare, they are more frugal in its expenditure, and go to
the best market at once for their commodity; they get
well supplied and their maker well paid, thus both em-
ployed and employe are well served; but put the case
vice versa and you have the exact position of the Go-
vernment in the matter.
Besides, I believe the merchant-owner has another
advantage—he holds a bond in a heavy amount with the
maker for the efficient working of his machinery for a

given time, and any defect discovered within that time
is made good at the expense of the contractor. lam not
aware that the Government act so prudently. When
we see the great names of Mau&lay, Fawcett, Rennie,
Napier, Seaward, and others equally great in reputa-
tion, upon the machinery of our steam-frigates, we are
apt to associate with them greatness' of performance, but
the expectations are not realised. To spend hundreds
of thousands of pounds in making steam-boat machi-
nery, and other hundreds of thousands in making them
work properly, we fancy it is a species of insane foolery,
which even the known softness of John Bull will
not acknowledge much longer. We do not hear
(certainly we have not such facilities of hearing, or
they have better workmen) of the French steamers
continually breaking down. I suppose because they
are more skilful in their application of weights, or
less improvident with their means. I believe too much
encouragement is given to experimentalizing with ma-
chinery ; hence so many failures. How is it the Boulton
and Watt engines do not break down, and are more
durable than others ? Look at the engines of the little
Comet by those famed makers ; they have been in the
vessel ever since she was built, in 1824, and at the pre-
sent time work as easily and as beautifully as ever, and
if a return were called for, it would be discovered she
has not cost the Government 1001. for doctoring during
her existence. In fact, her engines have completely
worn out the vesse!. Where, then, are the improvements
in steam-machinery since 1824 ? With regard to
weights, the French Gorner—one of the largest steamers
the Government pusses, and which fired our ambition,
or jealousy, to commence steam-frigate building—is pro-
pelled by engines (by Fawcett) of 420 or 450-horse
power, and this is power enough to please even the
steam-invasion fostering Prince de Joinville.
NAUTICUS.

RAILWAY FARES.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Thursday last I travelled from Manchester
to Preston by the Manchester and Bolton Railway, and
w s charged 6., 9d. first-class express, the ordinary
trains being ss. 6d. I have been in the habit of travel-
ling on this line for some time past, and was never
charged more than -6s. Is it not too bad the public
should br., imposed upon just as it suits the convenience
of the directors ? Your paper being an upholder of
honest and straightforward principles, could you not
advilcate some general system to be laid down by Go-
vernment to regulate the charges on all railways ? By
so doing you would confer a benefit on society.
I am, Sir, yours,
A CONSTANT TRAVELLER.

Oct. 8.

CRIME AND ITS PENALTT.—A man, of the name
of Bright, living in North Carolina, lately shot a negro,
wounding him so severely that the poor fellow died
shortly after. Bright was arrestsd, tried, found guilty,
and sentenced topay a fine of 5 dollars,—Patriet,

EARL FITZHA_RDINGE AND THE
REPRESENTATIVES OF WEST GLOUCES-
TERSHIRE: •
Mr. Granticv Berkeley, M.P. for West Gloucester-
shire, has issued the following address :
TO THE INDEPENDENT ELECTORS OF THE WESTERN
DIVISION OF THE COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.
"plyaffecting
Friends and Fellow-c‘o4 uGnI
tor c
ullne setne,r_, Oct.
uB,mlsBt
a4n6e. e s
d ie
my position, and yours, have arisen,
which render it a matter of fimperious ris'ces-iy that I
should thus address vou; th ebreennoenver was any cone' eal-
ment between us, there shall
"I have a latter, bearing date tehenonwl.st of August,
1846, in la hich Lord Fitzhardinge far the first time in-
forms me, that he shall discontinue the support he had
for so many years given to my representation of the
county. You will, 1 am sure, p aalon me for not '
touching on all the wild passages of that angry letter,
and permit me to bting under your notice the only
strictly public accusation it contsius. In the sin-
cerest sorrow I assure y n, that were 1 in the pis sent
instance to deem it non h my while to alnide to other ob-
jectionable portions of that remarkable communication,
I could not do myself justice in my refutation of them,
without touching with a tenfold deeper tint, certain and
mischievously ruling or pri dominant shadows, that un--
happily are already too well known as imperiously ex-
isting in the quarter whence the aspersion comes.
."Lord Fitzhardinge, then, accuses me of having
abused the Government patronage.' I could very easily
call on all the members of the Governments, past and
present, to clear me of this futile but also tangible
charge ; but I will content myself- with laying the plain
and stubborn facts before you. His Lordship alludes to
a cadetship.'
" The first and only cadetship I ever asked for or ob-
tained, I bestowed some years since on the son of Mr.
J. Sheppard ; be is a branch of the family of that name
long known in the county of Gloucester, in the vicinity
of Dursley ; a member of the great body of Dissenters,
and the author of a very clever pamphlet, published
some years ago, headed Observations on the Ad-
dress of Sir Robert Peel to the Electors of Tam-
worth, showing the insufficiency of his Declaration of
Principles.' I need only further state, that I have
known and respected Mr. Sheppard for upwards of
20 years, and that he is at this moment a voter on the
liberal registration of my division. The promise of a
cadetship,' of which I am directly accused of having more
recently and unfairly obtained,' is simply as follows:
A very gentlemanlike, high spirited, and promising boy,
a visitor and companion of my son's, and also my friend,
was left an orphan in the world, without any immediate
source of obtaining a profession. A lady, a relative of
his, requested me to obtain for him a cadetship. On
receiving that upplication, I wrote to my friend at the
head of the India Board (Sir John Hobhouse), and told
him I could not ask him for a favour he had some years
before granted, but the letter, containing the application
to me, I placed in his hands, with the hope that it would
plead its own cause, backed by my willing testimony to
the worth and gallant bearing of the boy. My friend,
upon the contents of that speaking letter, promised me'
that if he had a cadetship to bestow next November
twelvemonth, the boy I patronised should have it.'
"I don't disguise my sincere pleasure in having been
instrumental in obtaining this promise.
" Charges so ill-founded and futile as these scarce de-
serve a public notice, but I will leave the public to judge
between me and my accusers, when words are perforce
the only weapons to my hand.
"Since I received the first-mentioned letter from Lord
Fitzhardinge, announcing to me the withdrawal of his
support, his Lordship, without giving me any notice of
his intention, convened a meeting at Gloucester, and the
written resolution which he induced that convention to
arrive at run as follows:
" A meeting of some of the influential supporters of
the Liberal interest of the Western Division of Gleuces-
tershire having taken place at Gloucester on the 15th of
September, 1846, and a statement having been made by
Earl Fitzhardinge as to his future intentions with regard
to the representation of the division, it was unanimously
decided to support in every possible way the views and
intentions of Lord Fitzhardinge as detailed to-day, and,
as a necessary consequence, to deprecate every attempt
which may be made to peril the Liberal interest in this
division. (Signed)
" • Thomas Kingscote, Joseph Watts, Edward Jones,
John Probsn. 0. Stoughton, J. Pyrke, R. J.
Purnell, R. F. Jenner, W. Joyner, Ellis.'
" When this resolution was sent to me, involving as I
found it did, a blind adherence to an unexplained plan,
for there are names among them of decided protectionists,
who will not support free-trade principles, or vote for
any man that does, at least so they have assured me; and
that it was in fact a resolution to sacrifice me to what-
soever nominee his Lordship might propose, I demanded
that those same gentlemen should meet me at Glous
rester on the 6th of October, and to that convention I
invited Lord Fitzhardinge. With one or two exceptions,
on the plea of illness, and with the omission of Lord
Fitzhardinge, they afforded me the presence I required.
Indeed, setting aside all other ties, an Englishman has a
right to call for an interview face to face with his ac-
cusers, and having turned to one side of the question,
they could not refuse to hear the other.
" Their meeting afforded me all the personal satisfac-
tion the extraordinary circumstances admitted, but
publicly they gave inn cone. I don't know now why
Lord Fitzhardinge deserts me, or aby they, the gentle-
men who attended him, have seemed to take a step
sanctioning his desertion, unless it is that he has refused
to pay for the registration of the division if they don't
obey him, and they are not prepared to pay for it; and
they further say, if he does not do so, the division will
fall into the hands of the protectionists.' A sorry com-
pliment to men, to principle, and measure, to deem that
the voice of this great county depends on one man's gold!
But still this can't be it—for the meeting contained pro-
tectionists, who, if sincere in their views, would desire
to see the county in other hands. Since these gentle-
men met me, I have heard one of them declare he
signed the paper conditionally.' Conditionally or not,
I assign the whole proceeding in the first and primary
nmoet,
ausn cyalelte danfo ra,
gui
tnactoi
onn-
ps tui
,ht:lllitcti aggression,taeul
nlnbaeerosespohtpomaroreedssshsmi v towardsye
paanindful but imperative duty to
resist these aggressive steps towards me, for two reasons.
The first, because no one has a right to wrest to any
privately instilled animosity, the free choice of a free
constituency, because when public party purposes suited
private as well as public design, he assisted one general
registration. In the second place, to withdraw the con-
fidence and support from a representative who was
thought of judgment sufficient to propose a member to
represent the whole county on the question of reform,
and then to represent a division of the county himself
after the reform was carried up to the present time, and
who has from that time to this faithfully guarded his
trust, to the utter defiance of any charge against him, is
in fact a declaration that he has been found unworthy
any longer to hold his place in Parliament.
" I call therefore on the noblemen and gentlemen and
independent electors of the Western Division to convene
a public meeting in the early part of November next,
when and where they please, at which I will attend to
tender an account of my stewardship, and publicly de-
mand why Lord Fitzhardinge so unconditionally deserts
me. On the field of politics, I stand precisely on the
spot where he placed me. lam so far and no further,
by his immediate desire, and with his personal concur-
rence, and, it is fair to presume, that in his
unexplained desertion of me, be either contemplated a
retrograde movement, or he means to jump beyond me,
leave the at a spot to which my obedience to his wishes
led me, and to join the free -traders to the evident extent
of their wishes. At all events, by every law of courtesy
and justice, he ought to give me the option of taking
either step by his will I
" A letter from one of my constituents in the Forest,
who writes for himself and others, states, that they
had heard that his Lordship had withdrawn his support
from me; but they did not know exactly why, but the
fact of his having dime so seemed to them to destroy
every remaining hope of my re election. And then they
began to look round and inquire who would be a suitable
man to bring forward. Many of my able friends, if they
must have some one in my place (which seemed to be
inevitable), would prefer a gentleman altogether removed
from the hostile influence of which my letter complained,
and their inquiries were directed not to Berkeley Castle,
butlo another quarter.'
" These inquiries' refer to a period long previous to
the letter' which my correspondent alludes to as having
received from me; and I address the very natural in-
quiry to the paper signed at the meeting called by Lord
Fitzhardinge, and ask, who then is it that has already
' placed in peril the Liberal interest; and who has and
is about to sever the political ties so honourable to the
old Castle?
" Let every gentleman and man throughout the county
withhold the promise of his support till these doubts are
dispelled ; I am ready to sacrifice myself as I have long
done, for her real interests, but not to an unworthy con-
spiracy, if one exists. lam in no way inclined to com-
mit a political suicide, or to allow my political life to die
by the hand of undiscovered assassination. I call on you
tt
rhue
snt,
iunp omne h
toos es friedu p pnor
ts
mw he o
uhnatvi
le
ms 1
we
odni
ffg
err—ore oesd th
untile their
shalleneh have beentb
sentimentsproved
the
highest
uf t hep
respect,ublic confi-
dence.—And nfii
de.—n d
w
remain your gratifie:clan,N
and niTosutEfayithk lservaant
‘ Gn BERKELEY."

A NEW SPECIES OF MoNomANTA.—The whims and
caprices of some of the biped race may truly be said to
amount to a species of monomania. At Stratford, in the
suburbs of the metropolis,
within the boundary of this
county, resides an old and eecentric personage, possessed
of considerable house property, who has a monomania
for empty houses, and to such an extent does he indulge
in this species of madness, that houses which would
realise an aggregate annual rental of between 5001. and
6001. per annum he allows to stand empty, nor will the
solicitations and importunities of his best friends induce
him to let them. He is in the daily habit of calling on
some of his neighbours, as he states, for a chat to pass
the time away, but when interrogated about permitting
his houses to stand empty, he invariably replies he has
no time to attend to that matter. The loss already
sustained in parochial rates. &c., in the parish of West
Ham, from this empty house monomania, is estimated at
from eleven to twelve hundred pounds.—Essex Standard.

..-.- ---
The Albatross, 10 guns, in dock, making good de-
fects, and bringing forward for commission, is nearly
completed.
The new school for the dockyard apprentices, erected
at the back of the sail-house in this yard, is nearly
completed. The building is upwards of 80 feet in length,
and nearly 40 feet wide, and it is rendered fire proof by
beams of iron being used for joists instead of wood. The
roof is of iron, which has been placed on by Mr. Knight,
of Maidstone, and it is to be warmed with hot water
pipes fitted by Messrs. Price and Manby, of Derby-street,
Westminster.
The superintendent's residence has undergone
thorough repair, and, being finished, the family of the
newly-appointed Captain-Superintendent, Sir Thomas
Bouchier, has removed into it.
Arrived, the Aid, Smallman, master, with stores from
Portsmouth, and will load for Woolwich and Deptford.
WOOLWICH, OCT. 9.—The Gladiator steam-frigate,
Captain John Robb, is ready for service, having had her
defects made good. She will embark Sir Henry Pottin-
ger, the newly-appointed Governor of the Cape of Good
Hope, and proceed to that station.
The Scourge bomb steam-vessel, Commander Caffin,
will leave Woolwich on Saturday or Sunday for Chat-
ham, and embark troops at that port for Guernsey and
the Channel Islands, and convey the depot of the 27th
Regiment from Guernsey to Portsmouth.
The Porcupine steam vessel, Captain Bullock, arrived
at Woolwich yesterday afternoon to be repaired, and it
is contemplated to send her to Ireland to render any
assistance she is capable of in that part of the United
Kingdom.
The Blazer steam-vessel, Captain Washington, is ex-
pected to proceed to Ireland for service on that coast.
The Grappler steam-vessel, Lieutenant Commands!
Hawker, is fitting in the basin; she is to be armed with
two 32-pounders of 56 cwt. each, and two 32-pottnd
els
of 25 cwt. each.
The Dwarf steam-vessel went down the river OR as
experimental trip. with a screw propeller, and a series of
them are to be tried to ascertain the most eligible form
for general toe.
Ships and Vessels in Port—William and Mary yacht,
Sidon cteam-frie•ate, Black Eagle, Lightning, Gladiator,
and ewarf steam-vessels.
e Basin—Sphynx, Amphion, Eclair, Geyser,
ISCcileau the
,rVgei'xen, Grappler, Ariel, Medea, and Kite steam-
vessels.
In the Docks—Violet, Dover packet, and Monkey
steam-tug.

INGENIOUS MODE OF DETECTING A TEIETT.--.
When M. Carstanl Niebuhr was at Jidda, a nobleman
of that place requested that he would discover to him the
thief who had stolen 200 sequins which he had lost, for
All Mahomedans consider an astronomer and an astro-
loger as the same, and M. Niebuhr had been using his
astronomical instruments in the nobleman's presence. M.
Niebuhr excused himself on the plea of entire ignorance
of future events, and as cultivating the science of astro-
nomy only to improve the art of navigation. Applica-
tion was then made to a famous scheick, whose astrology
was much more to the purpose. The scheick gathered
all the servants together, ranged them in line, and atm
a long prayer, made each of them take into his mouth a
bit of folded paper, telling them that they who were in-
nocent might swallow it with safety, but that the guilty
person would be choked by it. They all swallowec!
paper save one, who being thus surprised and terrified,
became embarrassed, confessed the theft, end made ree•
titution.

THIRD AND CHEAPER EDITION, ADAPTED FOR
GENERAL CIRCULATION.
1•, w ready, in one vol., with Maps and Plates, price 12s. hound.
THE NEMESIS IN CHINA.
Comprising,
.k COMPLETE HISTORY of the WAR In that COUNTRY, with a
Particular Aecount of the Colony of HONG-KONG.
]Prom the Notes of Captain HALL, R.N., and the l'ersonal Obser-
'Wiens of W. D. BERNARD. Esq., A.M.. Oxon.
Henry Colburu, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough street.

ALBERT SMITH'S NE 4' STORY.
/Tow mar. and may be had of all Booksellers, price One Shilling,
(to be completed in Twelve Numbers), with Two Illustrations,
by Leech, Part 11. of
THE STRUGGLES AND ADVENTURES OF
CHRISTOPRER TAD POLE,
IN SEARCH OF A NAME, A RELATIVE, AND A
WIFE, AT HOME AND ABROAD,
By ALBERT SMITH,
Author of " The Adventures of Mr. Ledhury," " The Scattergood
Family," " The Marchioness of Brinvilliers," &c.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.
MESSRS. LAMOND, SMALL, AND
LAMOND, Railway Share Auctioneers, beg to thank their
Yrtends and the Public for their continued support aad patronage,
and to announce that their Public Sales of Railway Shares, &c.,
take place every TDRIDAY and FRIDAY, at One o'clock, at the
Mall of Commerce, Threadneedle-street, London, to which place,
favonrs, containing instructions (with a reference), are respectililly
requested to be addressed.
All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day
previous to their being offered ; and advices of results will be
terwszded by the first post after the sale. and the proceeds Imme-
diately disposed of according to instructions.
Oakes, Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street, London.

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
THIS EVENING

'Will be performed Balfe s celebrated Opera, entitled THE MAID
OF ARTOIS. Marquis de Chateau Vieux, Mr. Borranl; Jules de
Montagnon, Mr. W. Harrison; Sans Regret, 'dr. Burdini ; Synnelet,
Mr. Weiss ; Ninka, Miss Isaacs; Isollue, Madame Anna Bishop.
To conclude with a new Ballet, in two acts, entitled TWE
OFFSPRING OF FLOWERS. In which Messrs. Howell, Bretin,
Theodore, Mcille. Fabbri, Madame Theodore, and Mdlle. Adele will
perform.

THEATRE ROYAL. HAYMARKET.
Under the Management of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee.

THIS EVENING

Will be performed a New Comedy, in three acts, entitled QUEEN
HART'S BOWER. Principal characters by Messrs. Webster,
Hudson, Howe, Brindal, Braid ; Miss Fortescue, Mrs. !!eymour, &c.

During the evening the Band will perform the Overture to
Zampa," the " Masken Bilden," and the " Musketeers" Quadrille.
To be tot *wed by the Farca of NICOLAS Ff. NM. Nicolas
Plain, Mr. W. Farren ; Shrimp, Mr. Buckstone ; Miss ruddicombe,
Mrs. W. Clifford.

After which a new Farce, called -TILE FORTUNE FIUNTEU ;
W. A Morning at Margate. Captain Mount4arret, Mr. Hudson ;
Griffin, Mr. Tilbury; Bompas, Mr. Buckstone ; Miss Griffin, Mrs,
W. Clifford.

To conclude with the Comic Drama, called A CABINET QUES-
TION. Characters by Messrs. Brindal, Tilbury, Buclistone, Miss
Telbin, and Miss J. Bennett.

Box-office open from Twelve till Four ; under the direction o 1
bir. T. Archer. lox Bookkeeper.

THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM.
Under the Management of airs. Keeley.
Tiffs EVENING
The last Week of " The 3lag:c Horn."
The performances will commence with a New Comic Drama,
10 PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. • Principal characters by
3feeeri. A. iVigan, Meadows, and Keeley; Mrs. Woollidge, Mrs. A.
Wigan, Miss Hicks, Miss Turner, Miss Howard. and Mrs. Keeley.
_ .

After which, a new Farce, called WHICH MISTER SMITH ?
Characters by Messrs. Vining, F. Mathews, Emery, Bellingham,
Butler, Collier, Mrs. Woollidge, Miss Grove, and Miss Turner.
To conclude with a New Grand Operatic, Melodramatic, Romantic,
Fairy Burlesque Extravaganza, founded on the Opera of " Oberon,"
entitled THE MAGIC HORN. Principal characters by Messrs.
F. Mathews, A. Wigan, Kinlech, Collier, Yarnold, Bender, Silver.
Richards, and Keeley; Miss Keeley, Miss Pillars, Miss lairbrother,
Mrs. Woollidge, Miss Arden, Miss Forster, Miss Laidlaw, Miss
Bromley, Miss Howard, and Nil's. Keeley.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII.
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE.
THIS EVENING

Will be presented a new domestic drama, entitled EUGENIA
CLAIHCILLE ; or, The New Found Home. Frederick Stan-
more, Mr. Worrell; Mr. Ruglelgh, Mr. Cullenford ; Totrey, Mr. Paul
Bedford ; Mr. Buzzard, Mr. Lambert ; Hugh Matlock, Mr. 0.
Smith ; Pegg, Mr. Munyard ; Mrs. Totrey, Mrs. F. Matthews ;
Zagenia ClaiNille, Madame Celeste.
After which. a new Extravaganza, in two acts, called THE
JOCKEY CLUB. The principal characters be Me.srs. Paul Bed-
ford, Wright, Redmond Ryan, selby, Waye, Mitehensen, &c. ;
Miss Woolga,, Mrs. F. Matthews, Misses Ellen Harding,
Fleming, Turner, Taylor, &c.
To conclude with the popular Barletta of TAMING A TARTAR.
Madame Celeste. Miss Woolgar ; Messrs. Paul edford, Wright,
Selby, Worrell. 3:c., will sustain the principal characters.

PRrNCE.S- THEATRE. OXFORD-ST:tErT

Laid Week of Madams Vestrl3 and Mr. Charles Mathews.
VIES EVENING

• Will be performed (by desire) a now ;;'omic Drama, in Three
Act*, entitled LOVE'S TELEGRAPH. Count Theodore, Mr. J.
Vining ; Arthur de Solberg, Mr. C. Mathews ; Bann Pu.npernickel,
Mr. Compton ; Princess Blanche, Madame Vestris.
After which, the New Drama, entitled A CURIOUS CASE.
Twlggleton, Mr. C. Mathews; Mrs. Aubrey, Mrs. Stirling
T -o_ conclude with the Comic Dramas entitled USED UP. Slr
Charles Coldstream, Mr. C. Mathews.

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Lessee, Mrs. Frances Davidge.
THIS EVENING
Will to performed Buiwer's Play of RICHELIEU. Cardinal
Richelieu, Mr. MAcready ; Count de Barathur, Mr. Cooper ; Che-
valier de Nlauprat, Mr. Leigh Murray ; Julie de Mentemat, Mrs.
Charles Gill.
To conclude with the Drama; entitled TIIE CIIA.RSILNG POLLY.
Supported by tke whole strength or the Company.
Box oftice open from eleven till four o'clock.

ASTLEY'sa ROYAL AM VIIITHEAI RE.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
FIRST WEEK OF THE WIN FEE SEASON.
PstrOnised by her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Prince
Albert, the Prince of Wales, and Royal Family. By special
desire, Lord Byrun's " Mazeppa," for twelve nights only.
TIIIS EVENING
Will be performed the Dramatic Spectacle of 3IAZEPPA, AND
THE WILD HORSE.
After which, brilliant feats of HORSEMANSHIP. Herr Amodio
Neupert, from Amsterdam, the extraordinary Bottle Equilibrist.
and other Novelties.
Mr. BATTY has much pleasure in announcing that he has effected
engagements with several, continental artistes —Messrs. Joseph
Paul Cone, Lorentz Wolff, Rosellne Wolff, Pulaski, with the po-
pular vaulters, Messrs. Henderson and T. Lee, who will appear in
rapid succession. Iu active preparation, a new Equestrian Spec-
tacle and Dramatic Romance, of unequalled effect, performing with
immense success in Paris.
ma-office open trom eleven till five o'clock.—T►oors open at six
and commence at seven o'clock.—Stage Manager, Mr. W. Broadfoot.

111 E WEATHER.—SDN OFFICE. OCTOBER 10.
THZRMONETER, Lowest, 55; Highest. 62 ; Noon, 62,
BAROMETER, 29 6 —WIND W.S.W., showery.

HI: WATKR. AT LONDON-Rkil►Ol Tlll,l DAY.
Morning .. 40 minutei after 6. I Evening .. A urinates after 7,

59,5481. The total amount of ordinary re;enue for
the year is 49,198,2591., for the quarter 14,116,7471,
showing an increase on the year of 88,2641., and on
the quarter of 539,064/. The total charge for the
quarter ending the 10th October, 1846, is 8,598,6771.,
and the surplus of the Consolidated Fund is 5,762,370/.
Under these circumstances, we think we are perfectly
justified in asserting that the financial state of the
country, as shown by the returns of the public re-
venue for the past quarter, is most satisfactory.

Adverse circumstances of a local character have
delayed until very recently the transmission of a con-
gratulatory address from the electors of Wolverhamp-
ton to Sir ROBERT PEEL. Within the last week that
most interesting document has been forwarded to its
destination at Drayton Manor, and responded to with
a very courteous precipitation by the Right Honour-
able Baronet. Singularly as these expressions of
gratitude and gratulation have been procrastinated,
we would nevertheless direct to them an especial and
universal attention; we would individualise this par-
ticular address amongst the innumerable others al-
ready forwarded to the distinguished national bene-
factor, who as Prime Minister of England dared to
emancipate the commerce of Great Britain;
we would for a moment elevate the constituency
of Wolverhampton above all other constituencies,
and render the conduct of its electors the object of
contemplation to all the other borough and county
electors of the United Kingdom. Out of honest
thankfulness we conceive that: some such peculiar
mark of honour is demanded ; for the enfranchised
inhabitants of Wolverhampton have entitled them-
selves to the gratitude of their fellow-countrymen.
In regard to the enlightened and magnificent cause of
free trade Wolverhampton has assumed a paramount
position among the many towns entitled to send a
representative to Parliament. When that great cause
was the object of derision and contumely among all
classes of the community—when to profess doctrines
inimical to the protective system was to become
almost an object ofexecration as a profligate and unprin-
cipled politician, the electors of Wolverhampton gave to
that cause the most signal assistance which, under the
circumstances, any body of men could possibly have
afforded. They returned as their representative in
the British Legislature a man eminently qualified
to uphold the interests of the weak and abused ma-
jority against the interests of the powerful and
tyrannical minority ; a man who was ready to relin-
quish all the allurements of personal ambition to
become the gladiator of the populace upon a despised
arena; one who possessed the faculty, as well as the
will, to battle against one of the monster abuses of
the Constitution.

The services of Mr. VILLIERS require no enumera-
tion to elicit the applause of his fellow-country
men. Those services are enrolled in the Par-
liamentary history of Great Britain, but, more than
that, they are ;indelibly stamped upon the memory of
his contemporaries. It can never be forgotten, in
reviewing the occurrences which have ultimately
conduced to the realisation of free trade, that Mr.
VILLIERS was the eloquent and consistent champion
of those principles when they were most derided and
when their success was altogether hopeless ; it can
never be forgotten that year after year a motion for
the abolition of restrictive imposts upon grain was
made in the House of Commons by Mr. VILLIEns.
and that, although it was sometimes negatived with
explosions of laughter, and invariably by enormous
majorities, it was sure to be re-introduced in the fol-
lowing session with unabated earnestness and renewed
ability. When no prestige encompassed the advocacy
of free trade, but when; on the contrary, the two
great hostile parties were alone in unison upon that
particular—when the peasantry credulously regarded
protection as their only safeguard—when the mer-
cantile classes dreaded the effects of foreign competi-
tion—when the mass of the electors, and the vast
bulk of the legislators, coincided in opposing what
they conceived to be the fatuous day-dreams of poli-
tical economy—then it was that the Member for
Wolverhampton pleaded with cogency of reasoning
and rhetorical zeal for the acceptation of a policy.'
which was otherwise unadvocated.

Wonderful changes have occurred since that period;
the scheme that was hitherto regarded as the chimera
of political adventurers has been written in the sta-
tute-book amidst the acclamations of the popular
representatives. To the almost solitary name of
VILLIERS have been added the names of many illus-
trious statesmen. The proposition that was originally
carried down to St. Stephen's, session after session,
in the pocket of a barrister, has since then been im-
pelled to its final approval by a vast and marvellous
association. Ihe reed has expanded into a trumpet,
which has breathed the grand truths of political
economy into every corner of the land; and carried
conviction to the most obdurate antagonists. Still,
throughout all these extraordinary alterations, the
voice, and the hand, and the heart of the Honourable
Member for Wolverhampton have continued at the
service of the people, as they were during
the days of tribulation and discomfiture. On
the platform of the League meetings, by the
side of COBDEN in the house of Commons, in the
closet as well as in the rostrum, with the pen as well
as with the tongue, Mr. VILLIERS still continued the
same arduous and untiring course as when he had
stood almost alone upon the floor at Westmi ,ster. It
is well that these things should be remembered, and
that their recollection should be cherished, because it is
in them that we possess the best guarantee for the
integrity of future constituencies and the p-triutism
of future representatives. Wolverhampton has shown
itself worthy of its Member, by transmitting an ex-
pression of its gratitude and admiration to the states.
man wh' was mainly instrumental in rendering
those principles triumphant, for the success of which
their representative had so long yearned and so
zealously laboured. In acknowledging this address
from the electors of Wolverhampton, Sir ROBERT
PEEL has himself paid an emphatic and well-deserved
tribute to the Member for that borough. Those
constituents, says he, "are entitled to a share of
the credit which is justly due to one of
their representatives (Mr. VILLIERS) by whom those
principles have been advocated for many years, under
adverse as well as prosperous circumstances, with
great perseverance and singular ability." In recur-
ring to the memorable epoch which has witnessed the
acceptation of free trade by the Legislature, the
people of Great Britain will not fail to remember
how much that acceptation is owing to the enlighten-
ment of Wolverhampton and to the eloquent advo-
cacy of the lion. CHARLES PELHAM VILLIERS.

All honour to the Irish Government, to the talented
and patriotic Nobleman who now fills the Vice-
royalty, and to his upright and able colleagues. The
step kas been taken which we hare so long advocated:
the money to be levied on the different lands for the

purpose of affording employment to the destitute and
impoverished children of the soil is no longer to be
expended solely on public works of a barren end
unproductive nature; the land is to be improved and
brought into a higher state of cultivation ; and we
may, therefore, reasonably hope not only that there
will be a means by which the extraordinary ad-
ditional charges on the lands throughout the country
may be met without any additional pressure on the
already heavily encumbered landowners, but that the
increased means will be obtained in the most desirable
manner, and that increased food will also be the happy
result; that Ireland.vvill not only afford an ample pro-
vision for the wants and necessities of her people, but
that she %yill again be enabled, as heretofore, to export
from her abundance a copious supply of edibles to
the pe(ple of Great Britain in return for their manu-
factures. The Executive have taken upon themselves
a great re,porsibility, but one for w hick an ample
indemnity mill he unhesitatingly granted immediately
on the meeting of I'arliament, which, thanks to their
decided and vigorous determination, it will now b.
unnecessary to convene until the usual and ac-
customed period ; and thus gentlemen will be enabled
to remain in their several localities at a time when
their presence will be most valuable, and the necessity
of hasty legi-lation will be dispensed with.
In The Sul of Thursday we published a circular
which was forwarded to the lieutenants of the different
counties, bearing date the 6th instant, and containing
a copy of a letter addressed the previous day to the ,
chairman of the Board of Works, with a request that
it might as speedily as possible be laid before the ma-
gistrates and cess-payers of the several counties. In
this letter the Government plan, and the length to
which his Excellency is prepared to go, is fully set
forth, and we doubt not that it will be hailed with the

greatest joy and gratitude by all classes throughout
the country. It states that his Excellency has had
under his consideration the various representations
made to him of the operation of the Poor Employ-
ment Act, and of the difficulty of finding in the
greater number of baronies public works on which it
would be expedient or beneficial to expend money to
the extent requisite for affording employment to the
people during the existence of the present distress.
With a view, therefore, of obviating the bad effects of
a great expenditure of money in the execution of
works comparatively unproductive, he desires the
Commissioners of Public Works to direct their
officers in the several counties to consider and report
upon such works of a reproductive character and
paramount utility as may be presented in the manner
therein mentioned, at any sessions held under the
above-mentioned Act. And it states that his Excel-
lency will be prepared to sanction and approve of
such of those works thus recommended by the Board,
in the same manner as if they had been strictly
public works, and presented as such in the manner
required by the Act. The following are the rules to
be acted on, viz.:—

" I. The presentment sessions will estimate the sum which
it may be necessary to raise off the barony for the pur-
pose of affording employment.
"2. They will also ascertain the proportion of such as-
sessment, which, according to the last poor-law valuation,
may be chargeable upon each electoral division of an
union, or portion of an electoral division (if the whole
shall not be included) in the barony ; and they will ob-
tain for this purpose, from the clerk of each poor-law
union, a copy of such valuation.
"3. They will present for such useful and profitable
works to be executed in each electoral division, to the
amount of its proportion of the assessment aseettahted
as above.
" 4. In the case of drainage, however, and subsoiling,
so far as it shall be connected with drainage, an under-
taking shall be given in writing, and transmitted with
the presentment, by the person or persons whose lands
are proposed to be drained (being proprietor' in the
terms of the Act 5 and 6 Victoria, chap. 89), stating
that the money so to be expended shall be a charge ex-
clusively on the lands so to be improved, and be levied
from the same, according to an award to be made by the.
Commissioners as under the last-mentioned Act and its
amendments."

If our readers will look to The Sun of the 12th
September they will see that the above rules closely
follow the suggestions we then offered, and which we
have continually repeated from time to time since
that period. We proposed " that a register should
be kept in every district of the persons for whom em-
ployment should be provided, and an apportionment
of the quantity of labour, so as to ascertain that &illy
chargeable against each acre in proportion to its
value." By this the first rule would be immediately
complied with, as the sum necessary to be raised off
the barony for the purpose of affording employment
would at once be ascertained. The suggestion has
also been followed in the instructions for the forma•
tion and guidance of relief committees, on which we
yesterday commented. The committees are forthwith
to prepare and to revise, from time to time, such a
list for their several districts which shall at
once point out, in the clearest manner,
the resources necessary to be provided through-
out the entire country. The second rule
provides for the apportionment of the quantity of
labour chargeable upon each electoral division in the
barony, and thus the proportion fairly appli-
cable to each acre, according to its value. The
third rule adopts the great principle, that every
owner of land must employ the poor belonging
to that land. It directs the sessions to present for
such useful and profitable work to be executed in
each electoral division to the amount of its proportion
of the assessment. Thus, no sum will be levied fur
public works in any division where their proportion
of the entire sum to be raised is employed in useful
works within their boundaries ; this being the case,
there is little doubt that the people will select the
most beneficial channel for the employment of that
labour for which they must find full occupation. We
confess that we should be better pleased to see
the rule carried to the extent which we
recommended on the 12th September, and that
each owner of land should be permitted to select
the manner in which he would employ the labour
from which the land in his hands should provide
work ; but the step taken is in the right direction,
and may easily, and probably will be, extended to
the point we have advocated: We urged " that the
labour for which the land is bound to pay should be
employed in developing the productive power of the
land." That will now be done in every instance
which is presented for by the sessions and approved
by the officers of the Board of 'Works. Igain, we
said—" The necessity for the interference of the State
is to compel a certain quantity of land to provide for
a certain quantity of labour. If the owner or oc-
cupier of that land is willing to do so, he should he
permitted to select the manner of that employ-
ment himself. In such a case he will be certain
to apply it in the most beneficial and advan-
tageous channel. A labour-rate should be
imposed on the land, sufficient for the remuneration
of the persons requiring employment, but a drawback
should be allowed therefrom fur the actual amount
paid for labour by the person chargeable. If one
hundred acres of land should be chargeable with the
maintenance of ten labourers, the owner should fairly
be discharged from any payment ; if he can clearly
and satisfactorily prove that he has kept ten men in
constant occupation, he should only be bound to pay
the balance not so expended." Of course, the la•
botuers so to be employed must be persons selected
fre.m the register, to which we have alluded, of
labourers for whom emplOyment must be provided
In order to make the rule equitable it must be car-
ried to that extent : the money raised off of every
holding should be expended in that particular holding,
and it would be manifestly unjust that any person
should have labour paid for by his neighbour de-
Noe
voted
rcaai
ntnon.
og tte seehe:
rwhysu
b s oantg labour improvementin tohf
the same
shisma ma
may
privaten o tbe
applied
dproperty,
well, as to any other work. Tb
ett tedfroauidrntemhrnunle or manner, and
that if the work is of that character a written under-
taking should
lasnhodusladrebperogpiovseend
tl:)y he person
persons
stating that
the money so to be expended shall be a charge exclu-
sively on the lands so to be improved, and to be
levied therefrom according to an award to be made
by the Commissioners under the last-mentioned Act
and its amendments. N rsv it appears to us only fair
and just that the owner of such lands should be
allowed for the portion of labour for which it should
find work, without its being made an exclusive charge
thereon. 'We, however, tender our hearty thanks to
the Executive for that which they have promulgated ;
they have more than fulfilled the high expectations
entertained on their accession to office, and by their
statesmanlike conduct they have given fair grounds for
the hope expressed by his Excellency, viz., that " the
calamity with which it has pleased PROVIDENCE to
afflict Ireland, may yet in its result become con-
ducive to the production of greater abundance of
human food from the soil, and to the future perma-
nent improvement of the country."

The Neu, Hamburgh Gazelle publishes a letter from
Dusseldorf, which states that the Conference of the
ZolvErein, assembled at Berlin, had determined to
raise the import duty on linen-thread to 2 rix• dollars
per quintal, and on twists to 3 rix-dollars.

Accounts have been received from Rome to the
30th September. The old Papal party are endea-
vouring to excite the people in the provinces against
the liberal POPE. The following proclamation, which
has been extensively circulated in one of the pro-
vincial towns, is, it is said, the production of Cardinal
DELLA GENG :

" Very dear Brethren,—Our holy religion is nearly
succumbing, The intrusive Pontiff Mastai is the op.
'pressor of it. Ile belongs to the party of Young Italy.'
His acts show that. Vigilance, the❑ ! Prudence and
courage, brethrui ! If you have Ilse courage, which I
believe you to have, the religion of the only Son of God
made man will triumph. God will assist us ; for besides
the divine arm we have that of the world—the right of
Ferdinand I and the left of Ferdinand IL In the mean-
time do not cease to remind the faithful that the de-
' vcuring germ resists in rain the will of the Most High.
The d« vouring germ shall be smothered by us. On a
future day the terrible day of our glory »ill be pub-
lished, and heaven will assist us in the vi_t2rprize "
The fora has given some dissatisfaction to the
Liberal party by his nomination of Delegates, the
whole of whom are ecclesiastics. It had been hoped
that his HoLINEss would have appointed secular De- ,
puties. It is reported that Cardinal Gym, in conse-
quence
of the strong opposition which all his rr_easur• s
met with in the Consistory, had tendered his resigt a-
tion, but that, at the earnest request of the Porz, he

hal consented withdraw it. me old Papal party
is supported in ats opposition to the Porn's measures
by Austria.
• The Austrian garrisons of Ferrara and Co-
machio have been reinforced, and the th..fensive works
of the citadel of Ferrara strengthened.

The news from Lisbon is to the 2d instant.
The intrigues of the German DIETZ, who seems
to have the King and Queen of PORTUGAL completely
under his control, and who is all but avowedly the
agent of a foreign power, which has long been seek-
ing to gain an ascendancy in the Peninsula, hare at
length aroused the feelings of nationality of the
Portuguese people. The distracted state of the
country is attributable solely to the intrigues of the
Afrancesado faction, of which DIFTZ and the CABRALS
are the tools, and the KING and QUEEN the dupes.
It is much to be feared that a revolution, which may
cost the QUEEN her throne, will be the consequence
of these intrigues, for rumours were rife in Lisb )11
that a necessity might arise for proclaiming as King
of I'ortugal Dorn PEDRO the heir to the throne, a
child of ten years of age, and appointing a regency to
govern in his name.

Th• Camarilla and the Ministry are at war, an,l
DIETZ acd the Court are openly intriguing for their
overthrow. The Bank, instigated by the Camarilla,
had refused to assist the Ministry, and had expected
that the resignation of Ministers would have been the
consequence of their refusal. The Ministry, however,
managed to do without their assistance, and are still in
office. The resumption of cash payments by the
Bank is postponed to the 31st December

Madrid papers of the 3,1 have arrived.

The Bill for raising 25,000 men for the army had
passed the Senate, and both Chambers had adjourned.
It was not supposed they would re-assemble before
the dissolution.

Count BRESSON was about to proceed to Alcoban-
das, to receive the Prirces.
Mr. BULWER was to leave Madrid on the 3d for
Aranjuez, where he would remain until the marriages
were over. Senor SALAMANCA, the banker, and seve-
ral members of the Opposition party, would also
withdraw from Madrid during the stay there of the
French Princes.

The ileraldo states that the QUEEN will grant an
extensive and general amnesty.
Mr. BuLwEa dispatched a courier for Cadiz on the
3d, with instructions for Admiral Sir IV. PARKER.
MADRID BOLSA, Ocr. 3 —The Three per Cents. were
done at 34% for cash ; the Four per Cents., 211/, ; the Five
per Cents., at 2114. ; the Debt without Interest, 63,4 ; and
the Coupons, 2014.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.
The Constitutionnel gives the following as the sub-
stance of the various notes which have passed on the
subject of the Montpensier marriage between the
British and the French Governments:—
" We receive from London information fully cenfirm-
ing the views which we published yesterday of the pre-
sentation of a sec lid note by the Ambassador of Eng-
land to M. Guizot. The communications which had
been math both to the Cabinet of Madrid and that of
Paris, in the name of the Goverement of Great Britain,
before the departure of the Duke de Montpensier, had
not as yet any other character, notwithstanding their
energy, than that of mere representations—amicable ob-
servations. England seemed to think that the two Go-
vernments of Spain and France would adji.urn the exe-
' cut:on of the project of marriage, at lea- t uutil after a
complete exchange ofexplanations. These representations
bore on three principal points : First, the British Cabinet
appealed to the stipulations of the treaty of Utrecht, and
showed that the project of marriage was contrary to
riese stipulations; secondly, England called attention to
the fact, that the renunciation of Austria to all right to
the Croen of Spain had precisely had for cause and
condition the renunciation of the Bourbons of France
to all action, direct or indirect, over the same Crown.
France, in ceasing to observe her engagements, would
cause the question of the succession in Spain, to again
arhe in Europe. Thirdly, the British Cabinet referred
to the claims which England had to some gratitude on
the port of Spain, for the services rendered to the cause
of Lobelia. It appeared to it, therefore, only just that
France should not endeavour to exclude England from
all influence beyond the Pyrenees, and should net
appear to ba determined to ensure by a marriage.
principally in the hypothesis that the Queen should
not have an heir to the throne, the govern-
ment of the Peninsula. It is well known that
M. Guizot at first gave no reply to those observations.
When the news arrived in London that the Duke de
Montpensier had certainly departed for Madrid, a
council of the English Ministers assembled; under the
influence of very strong dissatisfaction. The announce-
ment of the departure of the Duke de Montpensier
serving us the only reply to a diplomatic communication,
was considered by the English Cabinet as an offensive
proceeding. It is too notorious what secrecy surrounds,
in England, all Cabinet Councils, and therefore the
measures determined on in this deliberation are not
accurately known. This, however, is what has been
allowed to transpire. Another note was dispatched
both to Madrid and Paris. That for our Cabinet
was to have been presented on Monday by Lord
Normanby to M. Guizot. This time it is no longer a
question of observations and representations. The mar-
riage is considered as a fait accompli. The English
Cabinet adds to its protest formal declarations and re-
servations! It declares that the principal and veritable
object of the treaty of Utrecht was to raise an absolute
obstacle to the union of the two crowns of France and
Spain on the same head. It is perfectly true that at the
present moment such a union is not on the Lapis, but it
becomes possible hereafter, by the union of the
eventual rights of the Duke de Montpensier to
the crown of France, with the not distant
claims of the Infanta to the crown of Spain. It is
first of all OD this subject that England makes
her reservations! She next shows that, in order to
ensure the object of the treaty of Utrecht, the contract-
ing Poe ers had taken a certain number of precautions;
amongst which is the renunciation of the house of
Orleansto
its
p din,esunenidd,earnwts.hatßevnetritp
form:
that)r crownsev d mighthe
a.
in
ent to the British Ministry that this precaution,
ei
this clause, is formally violated by the marriage, and it
is also the object of the protest of the BritidCabinet,
t
and of the reservations which it makes relative to the
conduct it may think fit to Observe ulteriorly. The note,
crown
come
me of
to S
as we are positively assured, declares that the only
arrangement which could satisfy England would be the
renunciation of the Infanta Luisa to the crown of
`pain for her and her descendants from tl.e moment she
becomes the Duchess de Montpensier. Finally,
been
theeseani dg:reenaetxt pst
otraettletsisieaotrErpnru'erspeeipre.,
suasion that the other Powers which signed the
light as Great Britain dies, Instructions
of balance of power in
itt,itnhrhieeeitaii
tlsEyilats imioogskeetl. inslsuali t Cabinet,areptciplhiesta:rciatunoedsi
iaaovlinlee
e
tativ, s of England at Vienna, Berlin, and St. Peters
burgh. Mr. I3ulwer has received orders to hold himself
at a distance from Madrid during the celebration of the
marriage and of the files attendant on it, in order to thus
protest publicly by his absence. In the interval which
elapsed between the transmission and the handing in
or this, M. Guizot, as is known, gave a reply to the pre-
vious note of the British Government. Ho probably
offers a renunciation of the Duke de Montpensier to the
crown of France; but this satisfaction will, it is said, be
judand
found;
(tg),natnt(tii,hilibmteiblerse,
(datitdilgrc:aliiiuinfrniiesdbieeinsirtsfih.e,reitxettonlitpiniecatsa.enorortoc‘tab)cltfakcaleltvaittptis
Vienna
%ii(pais),:enriurneeortsf
nnnta(eoanicgtns,fia:teseriat insufficient
Governmentsti tsth,
trestbhEuenr
ggn English Ministry,
ani Natdlgpi iees
present
nydnt,
snore profound than ever. M. Guizot hopes, it is said,
thahe
the
Cha
ttithhnheesetyt;t:hlwtieetitllts:.riob(al,euge
osbgblittn,losi
gtuil,nit.
eiGlFstao:r—riiinlcOicrnifi
for se doing. On the other hand, Lord Palmerston has
doing
rupture ofl loa
wll sittatiesdicnegrtbaein.
atttlahtisthdeo
recently in the House of Commons called for the execu-
tion of the treaties relating to the republic of Cracow,
and Russia and Austria tney have felt some resentment
tween France and England is flagrant ; that a eavieliranttelle,tboirs
amilauyndbee
diplo-
matic struggle has commenced in Europe between these
two Powers ; that the success of Ergland wi.uld be a
ew and grave embarrassment for our Government, and
that the success of the French Ministry cannot be fa-
vourable either to the liberty of Spain or to the liberal
cause in the rest of Europe, or to public security and
the peace of the world. We believe that the resentment
‘‘hich Enland feels at the mariner in which she has
been treated causes her to exaggerate much the poli-
tical
importance of the marriage. But what is to be said
of our
clever negotiators, who have succeeded in en-
venoming to such a deeree an 'arir which is at bottom
but a simple family arrangement?"
The other papers, although they all, with the ex-
ception of the Journal des Debuts, comment on the
Montpensier marriage, contain nothing on this sub-
ject worthy of extract.
A telegraphic dispatch, received at Paris on Thurs-
day, announces that the Due DE MONTPENSIER and
the Duc D'AUMALE arrived at Madrid at three
o'clock on Tuesday, anti were riceived with en-

imiasm.

The Jour ral des Debats has an admirab'e article
on the subject of free trade. In al!usion to a meet-
ing of protectionists held at Rouen, it expresses its
astornAment at the blindness of ti.e cotton manu-
facturers of the place in supporthig a protective
system.

" The situation of Rouen (says the Debut...) is so ad-
Manchuster, conilittnheerectUntbraer Contrary, vantageous, that raw material of every kind c ould (with
freedom of
cheap, if not cheaper,
there than even in Manchester. Rouen bas the unique
privilege of king accessible to maritime navigation.
is inland. Thus, cotton
and dye-woods would cost leis at Rouen. Newcastle
coals and iron would be as cheap as in England, and
labour is cheaper at Rouon than at Manchester."
The Pr esse, on the contrary, in writing of this
meeting, lauds protectionist principles to the skier, '

and in the very next article, on the subject of the
commercial treaty with Russia, it shows practically
the utter absurdity of those principles :

"The ratifications of the treaty of commerce which
has been concluded with Russia are not yet (xehangeil,
but this diplomatic formality will he accomplished in a
few days. We Ist lieve we are justified in stating :hat
the new treaty has provided that the enormous portion
which other nations monopolised of the carrying trade
between France and Russia shall be reduced to the profit
of the flags of those two Powers. A question of leeali,y
has been raised on the subject of this treaty. \Volved-
waiting for its ratification by the Chambers (a neces-
sary condition) of the clauses which modify the naviga-
tion and tonnage duties, the Government has issued
orders in our principal commercial ports to carry into
execution the stipulations of the treaty with respect
to Russian shipping. There was but one opinion on
this course ; the Ministers assumed a power ahiel,
was not legally conferred oa them, they anticipated
the decision of Parliament, and the regularity of their
conduct may certainly be contested in a stsrietly legal
point of
_view. The Ministers, therefor',., must pray a
Bill of Indemnity, but if the circum,,strtnees afterdirr
this affair he examined it will be at tetiowlectecl that thej
never could require such a l'ayss.,r under butter circum-
stances. In tact grave tatere,-,tts were stifferin4 in coese
quence of the commereial. severity to which the treaty
which has been concluded has put Net nd. The
causes of this severity are the foiio•A —Dor
ing a long period our shipping eejoyeii ice Riosies
ports the advantages coeferred on the national flag
They were assimileted to Russian shipping, and paid no
additional charges. Oar legislators were tar
from proving themselves so liberal to the Russian
flag. They imposed large differential duties on its
entrance into our ports. They were so ridi
culous as to treat the Russian flag as a rival of
whom they were afraid, after having without hesita?ie r,
granted terms of reciprocity to two of the 01)st formida-
ble navies, those of Great Britain and the tinned States
of America. They did not even step there, they added
last year an additional duty on the produce of Russia.
The effect of this measure was to exclude her merehen-
dize, after having excluded her flae—ae excess of hos-
tility which must have provoked repris.ils. We had 110 L
long to wait for those reprisals. By an ukase, dated
June 9, 1845, our flag and our produce were subjected
to prohibitive duties. First, our flag alone had to suffer,
our merchandise still continued to ,find its way to the
Russian markets through the English, Dutch, Swedish,
and Norwegian flags, who alone profited by this ar-
rangement. But this last and miserable resource was
soon taken from us, as the Russian Government, to
secure the effect of its reprisals, could not fail to require,
sooner or later, from those ships of a third Power what
is called a certificate of origin ; in other terms, it im-
posed an additional duty on all merchandize not coming
directly from the country of the flag which protected
them. That became inevitable ; that is the general law
in alt Europe in matters of excise, and from that period
Russia was hermetically sealed against our exports, as
her ports had already been against our shipping. But
such a state of things would have been truly calamitous
to a number of interests worthy of the entire solicitude
of the Government. It bscame necessary to meet the peril
by the conclusion of a treaty which would place the two
countries on a footingof a gocdcommercial understanding.
This has been accomplished. The treaty haring been
concluded, there remained the question of the execution,
and it was here that the scruples of strict legality pre-
sented themselves. The Government passed over them,
reserving to itself the right to apply to the Chambers to
cover the irregularity. For our part, without denying
that it would have been desirable that the matter had
passed otherwise, we cannot impute as a crime to the
Cabinet the resolution ad opted by it. To adjourn the
execution of the treaty ant 1 the two Chambers could
have approved of it would have been toe xpose our com-
merce, our manufactures, and our navigat'on to the loss
of seasons; and the situation produced by the ukase of
June 9 became so intolerable that the di sire and the
impatience to get rid of it can easily be compreheneed.
The Russian Government took the first step. It had
been the first to place our ships and our produce in
possession of all the advent tges secured to them by the
treaty ; but it was on condition that we should return
the favour. Should we have exposed ourselvss to the
-breaking off from a Gay violent which was not obliged
to undergo the same. formalities, and of which the in-
trigues of our rivals might have succeeded in changing
the present good diuposit:on? Should we suffer
the Britisl), Prussian, or Swedish navies to
enjoy in peace during seven or eight months
longer the advantages • found by them in the, to us,
disastrous ukase of the 9th of June? Candidly speaking,
it would have been to act, the part of a dupe. The
unanimous reclamatiors of the Chamber of Commerce
excited the Government to act as it has done. The act
is rather bold. Agreed; but we neither mean to admit
it as a principle, or as a precedent. And again, who
for it? Nobody. On the contrary, a multitude
of interests gain by it, and this consideration is of some
weight. Let us guard the worship of what is sacred,
and the law is without contradiction such; but let us
guard it like intelligent moms, and let us not suffer it to
degenerate into an absurd superstition."
I .

A letter from Algeria, published in the Independent
of the Eastern Pyrenees, states that a revolt has
arisen amongst the soldiers of the lath Light In-
fantry, who were about to be dispersed amongst
other regiments in the colony. They had proceeded
to the residence of their colonel, carried off the
colours of the regiment, and burned them. This act
of rebellion had taken its rise in the discontent of the
men at not being permitted to return to France with
their officers.

The Minister of Marine has entered into contracts
for constructing steam machinery for the following
new ships : For the Mogador, machinery of 640
horse-power; for the Caton, 260; for the Gorgone,
300; for the Eumenide, 300; for the Mouette, 200•
for the Goeland, 200 ; and for the Phoenix, 200.

The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Thurs-
day at 82E 65c.; the Five per Cents., 117 E 50c.; the
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,262 f 5c.; Rouen, 950 f. •, Havre,
7201. ; Great Northern, 720 f. ; Avignon, 918 f. 75c;
Vierzon, 6211 25c.; Bordeaux, 560 E; Boulogne, 482 f. 50e.;
Troyes and Montereau, 365 f.; Basle, 2281. 75c.; Fampoux,
3921: 50c. ; Paris and Strasburg, 50 Tours and Nantes,
505 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 5251. ; Lyons and Avignon, 492 f.
500. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 482 f. 50c.; Spanish Domestic
Debt 334. _

LIONS': Ocr. 6.—Avignon and Marseilles, 926 f. 25c.
Northern, 725 f. ; Paris and Lyon's, 525 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK E XCHANGE, OcTonER 9.
Boulogne and Amiens, 14 —Ce'itral of Spain, 1,4 —Direct Bom-
bay and Madras, 3a Dutch Rhenish, —East Indian, 54—Great Western Canada, 3 % and Austrian, 1 —Louvain ala
Sambre, 1 Si —Madras, I —.Namur and Liege, I %•—Northern of France
Constituted, 13—Orleans and Vierzon, 14% Orleans and Bordeaux,
8 —Paris and Lyons Constituted, 5% —Rouen and Havre, 27
Sambre and Meuse, 31R.

COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT.
(FRO2I OUR OWN ORRESPONENT.)
ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON IN

AR RIVA
OCT. 3. Georgian schooner, Vim. Lyon, FAT, from Co-
runna ; Nymph cutter, Sir John Bayley, Bart., from Ilfra-
combe and other ports.
4. Talisman cutter, Robert Meiklara, E-q., from Greenock,
and came into harbour to lay up; Elizabeth cutte-, lion.
Augustus Moreton, from Guernsey; Kestrel brigantine, the
late Commodore, from the Humber.
8. Capricorn schooner, C. I►. M. Talbot, Esq., M.P., from
Southampton.

SAI TANGS.
OCT. 8. Medina cutter, Sir R. B. Graham, Bart., kr
Lymington, to lay up.
YACHTS AT AND ABOUT THE STATION.
Schooners—Capricorn, Flirt, Georgian, Magic, Hawk.
Cutters—Charlotte, Elizabeth, Nymph, Amazon, Gany-
mede, Stormfinch, Noran, Spider, Gauntlet, Aurora.
Yawl—Susan.

ARRIVED IN THE HARBOUR TO DISMANTLE.
Ocr. 7. Kestrel brigantine.
8. Camilla schooner, Thomas Hallifax, jun., Eq.
THE LATE COMMODORE OF THE ROYAL YACHT

SQUADRON. _ -
The members of the squadron have determined to erect a
monument to the memory of this excellent man. The sub-
scription is not to exceed 10/. from any one, nor less than 5/.
There are 150 members, and between 500 and 600 honorary
members. It is expected that all the fiermer, and agreat number
of the latter will subscribe; that 200/. or 300/. will be voted
from the club funds; and, as it is proposed that the monument
shall be a sea-mark to mariners, the Trinity, Admiralty, and
other Government boards, will probably subscribe, there will
be very little difficulty in obtaining 1,000!. to 1,500/. ; and if
there is one man more than another that deserves to have his
name and virtues handed down to posterity, it is the late
Charles Anders n Pelham, Earl of Yarborough.

SUICIDE OF A LUNATIC IN THE REGENT'S CANAL.
—On Thursday afternoon an inquest was held before
Mr. William Baker, at the City of Paris, Bonner's-
fields, Bethnal-green, on the body of Mrs. Emma Fox,
re.ted 36, the wife of a weaver, residing at No. 10,
Abbey place, Bethnal-green. It appeared from the
evidence that, for several years past, the deceased had
been in a state of mental derangement. She was con-
fined in St. Luke's workhouse for eight months, and
only returned home five weeks since, because she was
pregnant. During her labour she was extremely vic-
lent, and a restraint was put upon her. On Thursday
morning last she was missing, and was not discovered
until the following Tuesday, floating near Old Ford-
bridge, in the Regent's Canal. The jury returned an
open verdict of "Found Drowned."
DEATH OF A VERY OLD SOLDIER.--011 Friday
11.. tr, Alexander Duncan died in this city, at the great
age of 111 years. He was a native of the parish of
Cairney. He enlisted in the army in 1777, and was dis-
charged in 1803, returning to his original craft of a
shoemaker, and drawing his pension for 43 years. Al.
though his appearance bespoke the frailties of extreme
age, yet he was able to step about until within a few
months of his death. For some years after he had com-
pleted a century he regularly drew his pension, in pro-
pria persona, on which occasions he failed not to drink
his sovereign's health, with all due 1 yalty, tor some
considerable time he has been rather deaf, and his me-
mory had so failed of late, that it was impossible to ob-
tain from him any interesting reminiscences of his long
military We.—Aberdeen Journal.
TtiE SUIAPOSED FORSCO PAINTING BY RAF.
FAELLE AT PISA.—Mr. Gargani Garganetti, of Florence,
has just Published a little work, by which he proves
to e: dence that that mural painting, discovered last
year in the convent of St. Oaofrio, at Pisa, representing
the Last Supper, is the work of Neri de acct, made in
1461, and, consequently, many years before Raffielle a as
born. It preceds even the Perugino chool, and Med
may be cot sidered the last of the great Giotto galaxy.
Vasari does not mention him but passingly. Mr. G. has
discovered in the Stroz.an library the order of the too
nastic authorities for this picture, dated March 20.
1461, awl the artist's reeript for his wages, dated
Aug. 4, 1642, both which do?uments are printed in tie
above little work.—The Bnilder.

. • 1,1 s: •
4
. . , OV-• ',*
•