The Sun.
London, England, 1841-01-02 00:00:00

ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS.

FURTHER PARTICULARS OF MR. HILL'S
CASE-PRACTICE OF THE ECCLESIASTI-
CAL COURT.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING CHRONICLE.

Sia—Mr. Hill has been the victim of two tithe suits in
the Exeter Ecclesiastical Court, in both of which may be
seen the worst features of this inigeitous tribunal. The
first suit arose from his vicar claiming agistment tithes,
which Mr. Hill alleged were exempt under his composi-
tion. The vicar demanded a certain sum fixed on by his
surveyor, and would never give the particulars of the
amount I _

Mr. Hill, refusing to pay unless he know what the de-
mand was for, was cited on the 24th of September, 1839.
Oa the 11:h of October the libel was filed ; but this de
daring generally (like a bill in Chancery), and not spe-
cifying the particulars of tithe due, of course it could not
be seen what were the items in dispute, and rather than
wait fur the issuing a eommission to take evidence, when
the expenses would be 301. or 401., Mr. Hill yielded
to the vicar's demand, and paid 11/. costs, although only
the second step in the suit had been taken, and the amount
sued for did not exceed 141. The libel fills ten sheets of
paper, and commences, " In the name of God, amen, eac."
Need I condemn this blasphemous prostitution of the name
of the Almighty Giver of all goodness to sanction so
wicked an extortion ? The eighth and last article is a
specimen of the document :
" Also. the party proponent doth say and allege that
the said Joseph Hill, in the years libelled, was a parishioner
and inhabitant within the parish of ti.— libelled, and
did there hear divine service, and receive the Slcrament,
together with his wife, yearly, or at least ought so to hare
done, for which there is due and payable to the vicar li-
belled at Easter, yevrly, or near thereabouts, four pence
a piece for every communicant, for and in lieu of their ge-
neral oblations."

. -
The Vicar, flushed with the success of his first suit, in
the January following issued the citation in question for the
quarter's tithe then due ; but the demand being under 101.,
the suit was dismissed, as I have beforelmentioned.
The following is Dr. Addams's opinion:—
" I think that the defendant must appear absolutely. If
the libel does not set forth that the yearly value of tithe
subtracted exceeds 101., the defendant must object to its
r.ifeswpheeent)the plaintiff having
admission, and then the Court (unless, indeed, it directs
should dismiss the
defendanttlehac:lei eol rteof"obirtemh reformed
costs the
or does not plead the
annual value of the tithe subtracted to be above 101.
If it pleaded that the annual value of the tithe sub-
tracted is above 10/., but that fact is not proved in or dis-
proved by the evidence at the hearing of the cause, the
result, 1 apprehend, should at all events be, that the de-
feudant is entitled to his costs, though the plaintiff may
71,D)wocc‘tuorr'stiCiemniemsiiu:sintbstel,avt
ktaFe.seer,nb
t.toh4aayn't
prove some tithe subtracted and recovered accordingly.
(Signed)
" J. ADDAMS.
BM4ro.."flill could not get
"dileldthteo an illegal demand,
costs; and the idea of the defendant submitting to a suit,
of incurring 40/. coats.
cause heard, is so
tmuhnoatnni
run
neu
monstrous,
le thatrevidenceisk t
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
Exeter, Dec. :30. 11. C. MILLET.

MEETING ON BEHALF OF WIDOW YOUNG.
At a meeting held at Monmouth on the 98th of Decem-
ber, for taking into consideration the best means to be
adopted for the ltbera.ion of the widow, Sarah Young,
now a prisoner in the county goal of Monmouth, where
she has been detained seven months for alleged contempt
of the Ecclesiastical Court of Llandaff, whither she was
illegally cited at the suit of the Rev. Dr. Lyle, of that
place, for 3/. Ws. slid to be due for tithe, the following re-
solutions were adopted :
That the citation of a poor Widow fur a small amount
of tithe to an Ecclesiastical Court, contrary to the Act
made
" That the Ecclesiastical Court of Llandaff, which has
been in the habit of issuing citations for small amounts of
unconstitutional.
such proceedings, is both unchristian and
unt:tit
ns to prevent
tithe, has displayed a want of respect for the laws of our

country, and exerted a power dangerous to the lib.,rty
of the subject, which ought not to pass with impunity.
" Tnat this meeting pledges itself, by bringing this par •
cuter case beton/ Parliament, by petitioning the Legis-
lature, and by using every lawful means, to endeavour to
abolish the power usurped by the Ecclesiastical Courts.
" That a Committee be now appointed, with power to
add to their number, with a view to effect the liberation of
the widow Sarah Young, who has already suff.!red seven
months' imprisonment tor alleged contempt of the Eccle-
siastical Court of Llandaff, whither she was illegally cited
fur 31. 10s., said to be due to the Rev. Dr. Lyle_for tithe.
That a subscription for carry inf.; out the above reso-
lutions
be immediately opened. That James Bromage,
Esq., banker, M.inniouth, be appointed Treasurer ; and
Mr. E. iiiehardi, Secretary, who is requested to forward
the resolutions to the public papers."
(From the Morning Advertiser.)
The year 1840, with all its wars, and rumours of
wars—with all its political struggles and political fears
—has closed upon the nations of Europe, and gladly
would we hail the 1841 which has dawned upon us,
with renewed hopes of peace, tranquillity, and increased
civilization ; but although much of the storm that
" lowered" over our beloved country has been die-
pelted by the glorious achievements of the wooden
walls of Old England on the coasts of China and Syria,
it would he uncandid not to confess that others are ap-
parently rising up which may introduce the year 184'2
in a far less bloodless manner than the year 1840 has
closed. We allude not to the quarrel between England
and China, which, we doubt not, will be brought to a
successful, though tardy, conclusion—we allude not to
the affair between the Porte and Mehemet Ali, nor to
that between Spain, and Portugal, which will, in all pro-
bability, share tne same fate ; but to the political rela-
twns which subsist between the different Powers of
ItairOpe, oat' the- desire for war which exists' iss.;
more than one country of the great European com-
munity—a desire which we c innot characterise as
otherwise than insane, but which nevertheless exists
to a much greater extent than is generally believed.
In the good faith of Russia in her professed desire to
insure the integrity of the Ottornati empire, we never
had the slightest faith. Though driven into the quin-
tuple treaty by the diplomatic genius of Lord
Palmerston, her object was evidently to bring v.bout u ,
collision between France and England, and while they
were engaged in settling it, to enlarge her overgrown
empire, at the expense of both or of any other country
upon which she could place her paws. Tuffs hope failed
her in consequence of the extraordinary and unequalled
successes of our fleets on the coast of Syria, which
gave her no time for weaving a web of mischief ; but,
untired of a game of reckless ambition, she is no sooner
foiled in one plot than she prepares another, the objects
sad the ends of which are undefined,but, nevertheless, may
be guessed at. Her object is now, to all appearance, to
make love to France, and by placing herself in a sup-
posed position of saying " attack us it you dare," to pur-
sue her own schemes of aggrandisement, and bid defi-
ance to Europe to assail her. Her intrigues with the
Court of Persia are well known—we are credibly informed
that her agents arc no less active at Pekin—there is no
question that the ten days' deliberation of the Turkish
Divan respecting the dcckeance of Mehemet Ali, was the
work and manufacture of her hands, and now we find
her kissing the feet of Louis Philippe in order to engage
hint in one of the most unnatural alliances that was ever
formed between country and country, as the following
extract from a Paris paper will prove i—" We are
enabled (says the Pressc) fully to confirm the receipt,
by the French Government, of a most friendly note
from the Russian Cabinet. It is not only in its written
despatches that the Russian Government evinces a de-
sire to renew an amicable intercourse with France. M.
de Barante, our Ambassador at St. Petersburgh, loudly
proclaims the unusual kindness and particular attention
with which the Emperor Nicholas has treated him for
some time. It is evident that Russia does not deceive
herself respecting her present relations with Great Bri-
tain, and that she is only seeking an opportunity of
breaking off with her. Should this rupture take place,
it would be an immense event, since it would leave Eng-
land in precisely the same predicament in which we
found ourselves after the treaty of Landon. We think
that it now depends on the skill of the French Government
to take in that respect a signal and durable revenge."
From all this it is perfectly apparent that Russia means,
in the first place, to make a tool of France for the fur-
therance of her own private objects, and, in the second,
that the war party in France would submit to the dis-
grace of a despotic alliance in order to revenge them•
selves upon England ; but what natural tie is there be-
tween France and Russia ? Neither the one nor the
other are naval states, which, by co-operation, could
meet England Upon t6o 6rond 6oeo.tt or •
h
their principles of government are as antagonistic as the
poles—in fact, there is no ground for any common bond
of union beyond a mutual hatred of England. and a
desire to reduce her power and influence in the four
quarters of the world. This is a folly on the part of
France for which she will not readily forgive herself
when she discovers that Russia is using her as a tool for
the attainment of her own purposes, and destroying her
influence as a great Power in Europe. We hope that
this Russia mania will speedily evaporate—that the
Government of France will see that its natural and
most powerful ally is England—that no ground of na-
tional quarrel or separation has been given— and that
civilized States ought to unite together to prevent war
and to preserve peace, as the greatest encourager of the
arts and sciences which tend to the benefit of mankind.
Should the event be unfortunately otherwise than we
wish—should an unjustifiable and insane combination
take place between France and Russia to the prejudice
of our country—we have only to say that England will
again buckle on her armour as she did of old, and with
a world in arms against her, as she had in the times of
Chatham, give her assailants a remembrances which
they will not speedily forget.
(From the Morning Herald.)
The, letter which we published yertcrday from our
correspondent in Paris, contained some curious illustra-
tions of the truth of those opinions, which the Herald
alone, of the daily press of London, has expressed in
reference to the recent " settlements" of the Eastern
question, as well as in reference to the really hostile
nature of the desigas of our professing " ally," Russia.
In all things, Russia is, by the very necessities of her
position, and of that scheme of policy to which her posi-
tion has given rise, the " natural enemy" of England.
We state this circumstance, dispassionately, merely as
a fact that ought never to be lost sight of. It is a fact,
which warrants no deep hatred on our parts towards
Russia—and, certainly, warrants no violence of lan-
guage. Russia has her own system of political action ;
and that system, she advances with consummate energy
and skill. 'rite present Emperor of Russia is a man
of extreme prudence and ability ; but he is
only carrying out designs that were formed
before he was born—designs that will be
prosecuted with an unflinching zeal, after he
shall be numbered with his predecessors. Russia is,
beyond all question, the most formidable of the anta-
gonists with whom we can be called on to cope. Tue
executive Government of Russia is, for its objects, the
most effective in the world. The diplomatists of Rus-
sia far transcend all their competitors in aptitude for
business, and in tact. On the military and naval re-
sources of Russia, it is unnecessary to make many
observatious. Her navy has been absolutely created
(so to speak) within twenty years. The next twenty
years. if th-y shall be equally well employed by Rus-
sia, must witness her navy unquestioned mistress of
the ocean. At every point, the power of England
interferes with the designs of Russia ; and so long as
an intimate alliance subsists between England and
France—so long, indeed, as England shall be true to
herself—the progress of the -great Northern Power
must be necessarily slow. Still the mere slowness
of her progress never interferes with the settled pur-
pose of Russia. She is ever where vigilant—everywhere
prepared to act, where action is expedient—every-
where prepared to refrain from action, when action is
not advisable. The influence of Russia has been
exerted against England in India—in Persia—in Canada
—in Turkey—and in France :—nay, some observers—
men, too, not devoid of acuteness—fancy that they can
trace Russian influence in some of our domestic dissen-
sions. An alliance with France would, in a remarkable
degree, promote the designs of Russia. England, by
destroying the Turkish fleet at Navarino, placed Turkey,
in fact, at the mercy of Russia. By our operations on
the coast of Syria, we have removed the possibility of
any interference on the part of 'Mehemet Ali with the
schemes of our northern " ally." In order to play
thoroughly the game of Russia, we have, now, oily
to provide for ourselves full occupation, by go-
ing to war with France ; and then, in all probability,
Russia will exhibit less of reserve as to her ulti-
mata objects, than she has, hitherto, deemed
it prudent to employ. England is naturally an object
of envy and dislike to almost all the other great nations
in the world. The wealth of Eng'and—her vast co-
lonial possessions—her commercial and trading enter-
prise, that is so apt to interfere with the domestic in-
dustry of foreign states :—these arc all reasons why
the other Powers should long to witness the annihila-
tion of the sources of England's prosperity. It is not
on the part of France and Russia alone, that we have
to fear demonstrations of hostility.. In India, we have
many formidable enemies among the native Princes.
Persia is now decidedly hostile. With China we
are actually at war. The United States of America
' will seize the first favourable opportunity of a!,-
' tempting to wrest the Canadas from us. Russia
will never forego her designs on Turkey. France
has not forgotten that she once had colonies which
now acknowledge the sway of England. France,
moreover, has not abjured her passion for creating a

colonial empire on a far more extensive scale than she
has ever yet attempted. Now all these nations have a
common interest in opposing England. With our
neighbours in India and China, we are already in-
volved in hostilities. The lapse of a brief period may
involve us in war with Russia, France, and the
United States. These Powers have, it is true, no bond
of union apart from their opposition in interest to
England ; but that may prove a bond of union quite
effective for its objects. A combined movement by
France, Russia, and the United States might deprive
England of the sovereignty of the seas, the navy of the
United States being manned almost exclusively by
English seamen. Any one disaster on a great scale
might prove, in fact, a prelude to the dismemberment
of the British empire—for unfortunately the means
of defence and of aggression now possessed by
England are far from being commensurate with the
necessities of her position. It is well that the rulers of
England should look calmly at all the dangers that
really threaten the country, whose destinies arc com-
mitted to their hands. Much has, it is true, been re-
cently done towards placing our navy in an effective
condition ; but far more requires to be done. Our
coasts are still nearly defenceless. Many of our ships
in commission—aye, some even of those vessels which
played so distinguished a part in the bombardment of
Acre—are very imperfectly manned and appointed.
These things require, assuredly, to be thoroughly
reformed. No economy can be so false, or so
costly, as that, which would withhold from a great
nation, in times of peril, the most effectise means
of repelling danger. Three months of a war, which
should be conducted inefficiently on our part,
would cost us more than the most expensive
navy woulJ, in a quarter of a century.- Os
boasted "settlement" of the Eastein tariff
in short, at ho distant time, to bring us into collision
with France, or Russia—perhaps with both, and, it.
may be, with the United States simultaneously. It is
our business, at all events, to be prepared for such a
contingency--to shun Russian " alliances"—to culti-
vate friendly relations with Prussia and Austria—to
add immediately, and on a large scale, to the etheir2ney
of our navy—to protect our domestic and colonial in-
dustry, and to lay less store than we have been in the
habit of doing by our foreign trade. If England shall
adopt such a prudent course, she may smile at any
alliance which Russia may form with France :—if not,
England may find that there are in store for her days
of darkness and disaster, such as she has never hereto-
fore known.

(From the Times.)
The Parisian journals have not mitigated one particle
of their hostility to the British name and nation. The
provincial press rivals that of the metropolis in the spirit
of hatred and vengeance, of irrational hatred, and ven-
geance utterly unprovoked. If there were any justifi-
able cause for such animosity, however, we should suffer
not only in self-reproach, but in reputation, for those in-
juries to France by which it might have been occa-
sioned, still there would be some reasonable prospect
that a becoming acknowledgement and reparation on
our part might extinguish the unfriendly feeling. But
we have, fortunately, no such ground of hope. We
have offered France no injury. Her resentment is gra-
tuitous. It springs exclusively from the frustration of
her own intended wrong, and she clings to it as to a
sentiment the public disavowal of which would be a
self-conviction of her previous injustice before the
whole world. What, then, remains for us What
concession on be made by the individual or the na-
tion which has neither committed nor meditated en-
croachment on the rights of a neighbour ? In Wed-
nesday's Times we gave an outline of our opinion as to
the causes now in action for the overthrow of M. Guizot.
With the ignorant, prejudiced, and headlong multitude,
it is the passion for war at any price which he opposes,
and that is at least an honest and manly, though mis-
taken motive. But it is far otherwise with those who
look no otherwise at M. Guizot's policy than as it may
tend to the stability or abridgment of his own power,
and who affix no importance to his unpopularity but as
it may facilitate their efforts to undermine and super-
sede him. It is rumoured very generally that M.
Thiers is expected in certain quarters to promote so
much of the Paris-fortification project as will suit the
convenience and advance the schemes of Royalty. In
any community but that of France such indirect and sub-
tle courses would scarcely be thought worthy of credit.
Nl.Thiers, it is well understood, has forfeited all chance of
being endured as a Minister by the head of the house of Or-
leans. His attempt to precipitate Louis Philippe into a war,
and his offensive and disreputable endeavour afterwards
to charge it as a crime against his Majesty that he had
stantly been provoked had Thiers remained in office, were
quite enough, in any other country, to have made the
late Minister of Foreign Affairs an outcast from the in-
tercourse of all honourable politicians. If Louis Phi-
lippe now, therefore, stoops so low as to employ
this personage, thus discarded, as his agent in a
p articular service where the King had notoriously
an end to carry which no true friend of free Go-
verninent would ever deign to promote (we allude
distinctly to the erection of detached forts round
Paris), either Thiers must exhibit a turpitude,
or Louis Philippe will have committed a folly, for
neither of which can a precedent be found in the annals of
any neighbouring nation. As for the chimera that M.
Mole, the anticipated successor of M. would, by
striking the earth with his staff of office,raise the Pande-
monium of a Russian alliance against England, we attach
no faith to it, and entertain no such fear. The Emperor
Nicholas knows his men. His Imperial Majesty is
familiar with the name and career of M. Mole—he
knows Louis Philippe and France herself as intimately
as either is known to the other—and we mistake him
much if he will not pause for some time before he en-
gages himself against England by the solemn obligations
of a treaty with France for his only friend. That the
French rave incessantly of such a treaty is no preof that
it over will take place. That Russia would gain by it any
advantage equal to the value of the paper on which it
was signed, is what we do nut imagine. That Russia,
having but recently signed and executed engagements
with Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and the Porte,
for maintaining the integrity of the Turkish do-
minions, and for reducing the Egyptian ruche to the
condition of his vassal, would or could now, in open
contempt of every principle on which also has just
affirmed the equilibrium and the peace of Europe
to repose, and in flagrant and disgraceful violation
of her own honour, form a league with France, in direct
hostility to the Allies with whom she has throughout
been co-operating, and for the defeat and ruin of ob-
jects whose importance she was, within these two
years, the foremost to proclaim, we hold to be mon-
strous and incredible. The French war party, through
those discreet mouthpieces, Messrs. Thiers and Jaubert,
has declared that France had in view three tangible and
legitimate pretensions to enforce, as against Europe ge-
nerally-1. The exclusive protectorship of Egypt, and
of all the other secondary powers in the Mediterranean,
by the ascendancy of the French flag. 3. The seizure
of the island of Minorca, to form a new link 'n the chain
between France and Algiers. The exMion of the
French frontier to the Rhine, and the defeazance of the
treaties of 181:5, to which Russia was a prominent and
comrnandingparty. Now let us ask any man in his senses, is
it rational to conceive that the E:nperor Nicholas would,
on the proposal of M. Mole, a Bonapartist employe, or
out of complaisance to Louis Puilippe, whom he re-
gards as an usurper of the lawful Boerbou crown, be-
come the member of a p trtnership with that usurper
and his Minister for abandoning to France the sole do-
minion over Egypt, the possession of Minorca, or the
frontier of the Rhine—the last. mentioned prize to be
wrested by force from the German Powers, the ancient
friends of Russia—some of them endeared to her by
bonds of the most sacred family alliance, and none of
them more interested than she is herself to restrain
France rigorously within the limits assigned to her
by the grand European confederation of 1813 ? Who
but a Bedlamite would believe such nonsense ? Tire
Paris papers are indeed quite edifying in their con-
struction of a certain despatch, which is alleged
to have come from St. Petershurgh to M. Guizot,
wherein the French Government is courteously as-
sured of the regret with which the Court of St. Pe-
tersburgh perceived that France had isolated herself
from the rest of Europe on the E astern question, and
the satisfaction with which his Imperial Majesty would
see the French Government even now disposed to
make itself an approving party to the final settlement;
of that important quarrel. And this is bolstered n
d
puffed U4p into the assamed groundwork of a
of
• between Russia and France, to the detriment Great
Britain ! Why, was there ever such trash imposed
upon the credulity of mankind ?
(,From the Globe.)
_ _

" Eighteen Hundred and Forty-onc has commenced
its course, with the Whigs in possession of Downin -
street !" is the dolorous exclamation of the Tory reps.P g
Varying the date,the mortifying truth has been expressed
as each new year has dawned, for the last sevenrevolutions
of the sun round our globe. To relieve the mortification
inflicted by the exclusi )n from place and power to
they have been doomed, they have sought consolation
predictions of a coming change. ,
rile month, the week,
the day beyond which it was absolutely
impossible for
the Ministers to retain office, was spoken of with as much
certainly as itit had been made
matter of special revelation.
It is true that the ToriesN stithrenuously laboured to fulfil
their own predictions. v
in the history of
m a perseverance unequalled
Opposition,ali they have attacked, ob-
structed, assailed, and maligned the measures of Govern-
ment, even at the risk of their own ruin as a party ;
exhibiting the novel
spectacle of the leaders in one
House attacking with vehemence, as deserving of the

rejection and condemnation of Parliament, the very
measures which, in the other House, were pronounced
the most politic that could be adopted under the cir-
cumstances to which they were applied. Thus stul-
tifying their own proceedings, and in the blindness of
their party violence presenting the humiliating spectacle
of a party panting for office, yet avowedly at logger-
heads among themselves : the very men who could
constitute the to-be-formed Cabinet, like a rope of sand
—without agreement on the most important measures
of Foreign, Colonial, and Domestic Policy, on which
they must have been called upon to legistatc had they
been in office ; and differing on which as a Government,
as they did d:ffer as an Opposition, they must inevitably
have fallen asunder by the force of their own dissen-
sions, even though no pressure from without had put
their internal weakness to the proof. Such is the condi-
tion of the great Tory party at this moment.
(From the Standard.)
It cannot be doubted that the feeling which caused
a few Radicals at Walsall, to throw themselves upon
the wretched Anti Carn•latt League for help, and the
antagonist feeling which reduced the suppliants to a
number so contemptible—it cannot be, but that this
It idical despair and this Conservative confidence
prevail in other boroughs, circumstanced like Wal-
sall ; and these aro the boroughs which have
hitherto furnished the strongholds of the Ministerial
party. This happy change, mark, is not the work
of great men and rich men ; it is the effect of,
first, and immeasurably before all other causes,
the improved effieleney of the Church ; next, of the
honest exertions of the despised and insulted Conser-
vative Press, which, under every positive and nega-
tive affront and injury, has laboured to preserve the
aristocracy and gentry, in spite of themselves, or, to
speak more justly, in spite of some of their leaders. if
any one wants to know whether the hangers-on upon
political leaders on the independent press have made
converts to Conservative principles, we can furnish him
with an easy test ; let him go to one of those hangers-
on, and ask " What kind of Ministry do you wish fur ?"
" 011,a Conservative Ministry, to be sure ; but then we
must have none of your impracticables—none of your
men who will yield nothing, who will always speak what
they think, who will even confess what all the world be-
side pratises, without confessing: none, in short, of
.

your Dukes of or Lurat • is Si,— ~
;" we leave blanks, to bo filled up by theitilligorikV,:
on. Go next to the honest Conservative of the work-
big class—who is a Conservative by the exercise of his
understanding unbiassed by a hope of private gain—ask
Lim the same question proposed for the hangers-on,
and you will hear something different from the scoun-
drel cant of the latter. " What sort of Ministry do
you wish ? " A Conservative Ministry without
doubt—but an honest one. A Ministry, if you
please, of all impraelicables—of men that will
never yield anything, because they will never
refuse anything which they ought not on principle to
chfend, and must not in any case compromise with prin-
ciple. In other words, a Ministry whose resolutions aro
liberal and moderate, but immorcable—a Ministry
which will not dispute a matter three years, and in
the fourth slip over to the adversary, leasing all who
followed it to flounder in the dirt through which
they are dragged—a Ministry, in short, composed of
men who will say what they think, and avow
what they do. Such a Ministry and such a Mi-
nistry only is worthy to direct the destinies- of .a
nation of true-hearted men." This is the way in
which the Conservatives of the middle and working
classes reason, and this is a manner of reasoning
which they certainly have not learned from the hangers-
on or official expectants, but from the honest Conserva-
tive Press. The meaner aspirants to place of course nar-
row to the utmost the sphere of competition ; and this
they do compendiously enough by the exclusion, as
" impracticable," of all honest uncompromising men ;
and in this they have naturally the aid of the enemy,
who hate and fear such men, and such men only,
and rejoice to see them displaced from the proper
station of guidance. All this, however, will not do.
The people will prevail, and the people will have
a potential voice in the selection of their Ministers.
Why do we rejoice in this, and why is our journal " the
most democratical journal in existence?" Because
we believe that the destinies of England arc the highest
and noblest that were ever allotted to a nation, and be-
cause we see that the people, by whom this glorious
future is worked out, too often under discouragement by
the hostility or defection of its choseu leaders, is unlike
any people that ever lived.

(From the Courser.)
We have read with some interest " the Report
of the Sub-Committee of the Liverpool and
Manchester Railway Directors on matters of
interest in reference to the proposed railway
conference."- As the Liverpool and Manchester
Railway Company has had more experience,
from the greater length of time that line has
been constructed, than any other, everything that
emanates from its management is entitled to consider-
ation, and still more so from the acknowledged ability
of Mr. Booth. We cannot, however, admit that all the
late accidents have been attributable to any of the three
instance, that (the most serious of any) which occurred
on the Hull and Selby line, three on the North Mid-
land, and the late accident on the Birmingham and
Derby junction line ; each of which arose from want
of proper precautions on the part of those in charge
of the line itself, either by themselves or the contrac-
tors they employ. Regular signals on each sde of every
station to prevent trains coming in on one another
—a good and well-placed light in the front and
rear of every night train—and a blue light for ac-
cident or necessity—would meet all the purpose
for the due care and protection of the passengers.
We still think, as we have before stated, that a
sub-enginernen should be employed on every engine,
under the regular driver, and a superior man to the
fireman. We doubt the probability of making, as
a general rule, the class of men who are employed
as stokers into such enginemen as the public look for.
Three men in the charge and working of an engine and
tender, particularly if the tender has a break, cannot
be too much ; and the trifling additional expense of a
junior engineman on the working engines, would be
more than compensated for, by having always ready a
young and yet experienced man, to fill any vacancy.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

(THURSDAY, 31117ENING.)

TIM ES.--Ttic great feature in the stock-markets to-
day was the settlement of the account in the foreign funds
which was marked by a considerable pressure for money,
particularly among the dealers in Spanish, in which secu-
rity the transactions during the account just closed have
been extensive, and the fluctuations net unimportant, the
lowest price of Ac:ive in the fortnight having been 224,
and the highest 251, at which it closed this afternoon. In
Portuguese bonds the extreme variations have reached 2
per cent., but the price today is nearly the same as at the
commencement of the account. The South American se-
curities have generally been depressed and flat, but seem
now to be recovering, more especially within the last two
days. On the whole, the settlement went off easily.
The Snare.market has, notwithstanding the prevalent
scarcity of money and the anticipation of its continuance,
not only maintained its ground, but in almost all instances
railway shares have improved in value, and in some gf these
the advance has been considerable since the settlement in
the middle of the current month. Speculation has of late
been much directed to this department.
Heavy complaints arc male by nautical men of the
inefficiency of the transport service, which, though thoy
arc by no means novel, are well worth adverting to oc-
casionally, as an aid in keeping the Government depart-
ment which regulates that service to its duty, The
de-
fects complained of arise, according to a Correspondent,_e
furnish
from trusting to crimps and people of that elm:holm:Has
supply of seamen for the transport vessels,
is
sent
t'.
soon as the ship is taken up, an order
able
hands to work it. Instead of looking out for y
one who comes in their
seamen, these persons engage any . s
they will engage
way, however incompetent, providLLe,
usually made to
to lay out a certain portion of the advance
seamen, in dis
them in bedding, clothes,
"sect', in it orgenerally
gust at this system, will not acquit.
every dein-laity is thrown in
engage at all, bat if they do,
Iships put to
owe ~, Ica the
their way. The conscqu
r I • ••
a i%ass exists on account of
sea, that inure or less
n;
the bad crews, and hence "ri-Fs e
I frequent putting back
into port by these _
trewis, which every reader of the ship-
ping news must have observer.
of late. As regards the
owners of such vessels, the policy is decidely wrong, as the
badaeamen, through these delays, are rendered much more
expensive than good ones ; and when the probable sacri-
fice of human lifa it may cause is taken into account, the
consequences may he dreadful. Iu regard to supervision
before commencing the voyage, too much vigilance cannot
be exercised ; nor indeed can any regulations be too strict
arc meant to insure efficiency in so important a
service.

I':
et ni
tri
stuhtici
csitcant:yo fothe E Indianuiop ea army,European
to A
thosecmoilfi officers
addition
and
of
the medical service, mentioned the other day, is the man-
ner in which it is at present disposed of. It is remarked
in the Indian journals that tho army w,s originally main-
tained for the protection of such native States as tell itvo
the hands of the East India Company, and that it was
augmented as those possessions increased, until after the
M shratta war, when the most rigid economy :was
adopted, and a variety of reductions were made. Now,
during the past year a native Sovereign has been
placed on the throne of Cobul by tlx Indian army,
a line of outposts has been established. along the
western bank of the ladus, to effect which an
Euro-
peanth
regiment
t.f her Itlajesty's service, four Lae
regiments, and other details of the Bombay army have
been selected for the duty, while the Ist European Regi-
ment and two Native corps occupy the island of Karrack
and the peninsula of Aden. This removal of troops from the
Bombay , presidency has not been followed by any increase
to :the establishment, further than the raising of one Eu-
ropean regiment, though the troops withdrawn have, us the
r
ag6rek, amounted to 10,000 men of all ranks, while at
the last dates from India four native regiments were or-
dered to relieve those stationed on the western bank of the
Indus. It is said that a few years ago it would hardly have
been believed that native troops Would have been cantoned
at such a distance from Ilindostan, an,.: the feeling on the
spot is that native regiments should speedily ba formed to
assist in conducting the untiee of those who arc withdrawn
from India,