The Sun.
London, England, 1848-11-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING,

h;, reiqn prn'on7d even by the terrible
sword of WE-Disciitiaaiz —a sword driveini; iron
the hilt with the blood of his fellow-citizens slain in the
streets of Vienna, and within the shadow of the very
walls of Schonbrunn.
How soon the dream of Italian nationality will be
realised it is, of course, impossible to conjecture.
But that Austria will speedily be deprived of
her Italian possessions is beyond all doubt. Be-
fore the insurrection of the Viennese in October,
this was sufficiently conjectural ; but after the
sanguinary triumph gained by Prince Wrsnrsci.i.
GRATZ it becomes imperatively necessary and ab-
solutely inevitable. An ingenious scheme for the
satisfactory settlement of the territorial partition of
Lombardy, subsequently to its acquisition by the in-
surgent Italians, has been recently propounded by
Dr. AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE, in two letters addressed
to Lord PALMIRSTON, successively in August and
October.* But, whether Italy is to be mapped out
into four great divisions—Tuscany, the Papal States,
Naples, and a northern kingdom stretching from
Geneva to the Adriatic—or whether she is to be
carved out into separate states, bound together in an
aggregate league or federation—Piedmont and Lom-
bardy (with Sardinia, Parma, and Piacenza); the
Grand Duchy of Venice (with the Italian
Tyrol and Friul) ; the Grand Duchy of
Tuscany (with Lucca, Massa, Modena, and the
Isles) ; the Pontifical States (with the Three
Legations); the kingdom of Naples (with its
islands); and the kingdom of Sicily (without any-
thing beyond the classic shores sacred to the memory
of POLTNIEMUS and THEOCRITUS)—it is one amongst
the numerous dooms of Austria, that Lombardy
shall very speedily be freed from the yoke of German
despotism.
It were as frivolous to represent the insurrection of
the Lombards, throughout the district of the Valte-
line, as a merely local and temporary enzeute, capable
of suppression and punishment, as to declare that
nothing will come from the establishment of an
understanding between YRIARTE and CABRERA, and
the systematic co-operation of the Montemolinists
and the Progressistes. In the Aveleltine and in
Catalonia, the popular movement is daily and hourly
progressing, while reinforcements are perpetually
flowing across the Pyrennees from France into Spain,
and across the Alps from Switzerland into Lombardy.
In either case we shall, before a very long period has
elapsed, have occasion to recount the details of some
decisive demonstration.

Is tranquillity ever to be restored in unhappy Ire-
land ? Can the peasantry be convinced how deeply
injurious their insane conduct has proved to the best
interests of their country; and how utterly destruc-
tive of every future hope are the wild indications of
an insurrectionary spirit still exhibited. The arms
that were collected with so much anxiety, and so os-
tentatiously paraded by the misguided owners, have
been carefully concealed, and few, indeed, have been
surrendered to the authorities deputed to receive
them. There is manifestly a notion abroad that
tht time will speedily arrive when they
may be made available for the purposes
for which they had been originally procured.
Agrarian outrages, too, are unfortunately of daily
occurrence. The blood-stained assassin stalks abroad,
and follows his horrible trade with even more than
ordinary audacity and recklessness. Every species
of crime appears to be perpetrate I as if they supposed
that the law could be violated with the most perfect
impunity. The conspiracy, however, which has just
come to light at Clonmel, is of a more
audacious character than could have been conceived,
and shows how completely the salutary lesson taught
at Boulagh.common and at the other localities, *here
the insurgents came in contact with the constabulary,
have been forgotten.
It might have been hoped that-the signal defeat of
the rebel force, the complete suppression of the out-
break, would have opened their eyes to the absurdity
of their proceedings, and convinced them how vain
was the expectation that a body of undisciplined
men, badly armed, and without experienced
officers, or military training, could have suc-
cessfully competed with the police alone, although
wholly unsupported and unaided by any regu
lar troops. In addition, however, to that force
which, during the trying times that have been wit-
nessed, proved their devoted loyalty, staunch

fidelity, unflinching courage, and determined bravery
—the district bristled with the bayonets of well-
trained soldiers in the highest state of discipline and
efficiency, and supported by artillery and all the ap-
pliances of modern warfare. What hope could even
the most sanguine have entertained as to the result of
a conflict between such combatants ? The chosen leaders
of the movement too late discovered the error into which

they had fallen, and appeared from the very outset
to have despaired of a favourable termination. The
very first repulse received from Inspector TRAZIT and
his forty-eight gallant companions completed their
discomfiture. They dispersed in every direction, and
sought for safety in flight. A few succeeded in
making their escape, and are now fugitives on
foreign shores, perpetual exiles from their native
land. Some of the chief traitors have been brought
to justice, and are now convicted criminals, whose
forfeit lives have been only spared by the
clemency of the SOVEREIGN, whose power they had
defied, and against whom they had waged a treason-
able war. Should not their melancholy fate act as a
beacon light to warn others from the rock on which
they had wrecked ? Nothing, however, appears to
be sufficient for that purpose. At almost the very
moment when the Royal mercy was extended to the
State prisoners, and when the points raised by the in-
genuity of their eminent counsel were set down for
solemn arguments in the Courts, so that a pro•
spect was opened for their escape from
every penal consequence of their crimes, a
plan was formed for their forcible rescue,
in which there must necessarily have been
a fearful sacrifice of human life. It is said that
the project was to have been carried into speedy exe-
cution in the following manner :—A large body of the
peasants, several thousands in number, were to march
into the town in the middle of the night, while the
' police and military were slumbering in their respec-
tive barracks, all the passages leading to the gaol
were to be occupied by the conspirators, and bar-
ricades erected where the soldiers were to be re-
si.ted, if hastening to the assistance of the
prison authorities. In the mean time a
combined attack was to be made on the
gaol, which was to be broken open, stormed,
and all the prisoners, political or otherwise, set at

liberty. Such was the scheme which exceeded in
audacity anything that had been conceived since the
period of the " Porteous Riot." The authorities were,
however, warned in due time. The secret was be-
trayed before the project came to maturity. In ac-
cordance with the invariable rule in Ireland, informers
had revealed the plots of the insurgents, and their
machinations were countermined through the
agency of pretended friends. On Wednesday
night, or rather early on Thursday morn-
ing, the entire military and police force in the
neighbourhood were called out and marched to a
secluded place called " The Wilderness," distant only
one mile and a half from the town. Nearly 2,000
men, armed with guns, pikes, and pitchforks, and a
rude and motley collection of weapons of offence,
were there assembled, and going through military
exercises in separate bodies. The moment, however
the soldiers came in sight these doughty
heroes betook themselves to immediate flight,
and, favoured by the obscurity of the
night, and the thickness of the woods in
the vicinity, by far the greater portion sue•
ceeded in effecting their escape. Seventeen -pri-
soners were, however, captured, who are said to be
the ringleaders in the movement. Among them was
a student of Trinity College; the others were small
farmers, or Clonmel tradesmen. It is supposed thst
they were members of the committee to whom the
conduct of the enterprise was entrusted.

Every precaution must be taken and vigilance
practised to defeat the designs of the ill-disposed. It
is obvious that no ratiinal hope can be entertained of
effecting the permanent pacification of the country
until the peasantry are completely disarm( d. All
the efforts of the Executive should now be direct"d to
cffect that great desideratum.

* " On the Formation and Constitution of a Kingdom
Of Upper Italy," &c. By Augustus Bozzi Granville,
pp. 82. Ridgway, .London, 1848.
" The Italian Question, a Second Lotter," by A. B.
ALD,, .F.R.S., pp. 63, Ridgway, London,lB4B.

Ti E FRF,NoII IU'7')UPI,TC,

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.

The Orleanists and Legitimatists have determined
to vote for Prince Louis NAPOLEON BONAPARTE as
President of the Republic, as they consider that his
election would be tantamount to a resuscitation of
monarchy, and would be immediately followed by
the restoration of one or other of the dynasties.
The 121 Legion of the National Guard, which
was disbanded in June, has been re-organized.
General MONTHOLON Will probaLly be elected Co onel
of the Legion.
M. BETZ/MONT, who was one of the members of
the Provisional Government, and who was subse-
quently elected a Member of the National Assembly,
having determined to retire from political life, vacated
his seat in the Assembly, and was subsequently ap-
pointed First President of the Court of Cassation.
This appointment was attacked in the sitting of the
Assembly on Thursday by M. LHERBETTE, on the
ground that the law which declared that no deputy
could hold an appointment of this character applied
to all persons who had ever been deputies during the
sitting of the Assembly of which they had ever
formed a part. In the course of his speech, M.
LHERBETTE chose to indulge in some observations on
M. BETIIMONT, which were as unfounded as they were
unjust, and in consequence of this attack M. BaTH-
MONT, who is one of the most honourable and high
minded of men, has refused to accept the appoint-
ment. He announced his refusal in the following
letter addressed to M. MARIE, the Minister of Jus-
tice :--

"My dear Friend,—l accepted the functions which
you offered to me, when you knew my fixed resolution
to retire from political life. I must now resist you,
whatever may be my convictions as to the legality of
the measure, and whatever may be the peace of our
consciences as to the motives which influence both. I
cannot consent to accept a high post in the magistracy
with the insult of a suspicion on my character. When,
in the night of the 24th of February, a note from you
called upon me in the name of the Provisional Govern-
ment to share your perils, I did not hesitate. I could
then, without scruple, accept an honour which I had
not sought, and which the most malignant envy cculd
nut think of tarnishing. Permit me now to refuse to
)ield to your entreaties. I will not be acmsed by my
enemies of an unworthy calculation, which tht-y might
be pleased to attribute to me. Receive the assurance of
my grateful affection and esteem.

"BETIIIIONT."

All the papers contain the following paragraph,
which it is said may be considered as an official an-
nouncement from the Spanish Embassy :—" We are
requested to give a positive denial to the rumour
which has been circulated by the English journals
that negotiations have been entered into between the
Spanish Government and that of the United States
for the cession of the island of Cuba."

In the Assembly, on Thursday, M. MAILRAST, in
the name of the Committee of theSonstitution, pro-
posed the following as the heads of the organic laws
to be adopted by the Assembly :—l. Responsibility
of the depositaries of authority. 2. On the Council
of State. 3. Electoral laws. 4. Organization, de-
partmental and communal. 5. Organization judi-
cial. 6. Education. 7. Organization of the public
force. 8. The press. 9. State of siege.
In the same sitting a supplementary grant of
9,000,000 f. was voted to assist the Municipality of
Paris to maintain the poor of the capital, and a
grant of 1,000,000 f. as an additional aid to the
hospitals.

The Assembly was occupied yesterday in discus-
sing the budget of tha Minister of Public In-
struction.

It is said that the Minister of Justice is preparing
a decree of amnesty, which will be promulgated
immediately after the proclamation of the Con-

In net-) Hungary th intelligence th4t 3 Gallciln
crariac c 14000 met) was appro:z.elling Lad
caused a great panic. These troops will, it is said,
advance to the Danube through the country of

General LINIONIC has male an eruption at Chacza
into the country of Trenscheine, whei:e he maintains
his position.

The fortress of Munkaes has been taken by the
rrghnent Hartmann, which has ken joined by the
Rathenens.

The tone at Prague has been extremely depressed
since the fall of Vienna. The Czesches now e that
%A it h the fall of the cepital they have lost everything.
The EMPEROR will not now come to Prague, al-
though the Imperial Ketcher had alrtady arrived
here, and all the preliminary preparations had been
made.

The German districts, especially about Reichen-
berg, are in a state of much excitement and distress.

The fair at Brunn has turned out badly ; there is
no market for the goods at Vienna, and all the manu-
factories are closed.

WINDUCHGRATZ is said to be under orders to pro-
ceed to Hungary as soon as it is possible to settle mat-
ters at Vienna. JELLACRICII is to make an attack upon
the mountain cities, and then to take up his winter
quarters in the Slovakee.