The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-24 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURS DAY, AUGUST 24, 1848.

Economy threatens •to become the igris fatuus of
politicians. Regulated by justice and refined by
humanity, we believe that the system of poli-
tical economy, established by the philosophic
mind of ADM& Sza ru, is destined to operate
most beneficially upor L the workings of social go-
vernment. Yet, for E his very reason, we are only
the more anxious that a policy calculated in itself to
prove so advantageous to mankind should not, by
the negligence or precipitation of our legislators, be
permitted to lose a portion of its still powerful pres-
tige. What we woU'd maintain is, that a Go-
vernment may husband the resources of a
nation without bell ig essentially parsimonious
—that statesmen !nay be generous in their
expenditure of the pr tblic monies without being pro-
fligate guardians of tl ie Exchequer—that to be muni-
ficent it is not neceFls2.ry to squander, and that an
exercise of prudent; frugality on the part of an
administrator does mot by any means imply a mean
and niggardly disbursement.

The discussion of yesterday evening has forced
upon us these considerations. Mr. BRIGHT is fearful
lest that unfortunate wight, John Bull, should be-
come, as he has face tiously imagined it, " a grand
mulch cow, from which every one is to have
a draw!" In a la undred particulars, no doubt,
we coincide with, the Honourable Represen-
tative for Manches to r in this laudable anxiety ; in
a hundred particulars we believe John Bull to have
been made the veri, sat Christendom. Every
day we behold fresh, evidence that he is rendered the
dupe of a multitude; of those " knavish tricks" which
he himself anathe matises so lustily in tb• National
Anthem. We see him fleeced in one quarter, bam-
boozled in another, and almost always in consequence
of the noble and delightful stupidity of his benevo-
lence. Yet, while aye sympathize in the indignation
expressed by Mr. BRIGHT as it is applied in a general
sense to the corrupt ions of the State, we can by no
means agree with 'him in reprobating the generosity
hitherto evinced by the British Parliament to
the most interesting of all the Continental refugees—
the destitute children of Poland. Long, and ear-
nestly, and eloquently, and disinterestedly, and chi-
valrously, as the cause of that heroic but unfortunate
race of men hag been advocated by Lord DUDLEY
STUART, we are satisfied that the Noble Lord the
Member for the borough of Marylebone never be-
fore addressed .laimself to the subject of their
wrongs and misfortunes more felicitously than
be did last evening, when repelling the demand
of the Honourable Gentleman the Knight of the
ehire of Middlesex, to the effect that no further
assistance of a pecuniary character should be granted
to the Polish refugees out of the public Treasury.
Of the motive which actuated Mr. OSBORNE{ we
make no question whatever, being satisfied that his
objection
.to the continued grant of 10,7001. to the
exiles from Poland originated solely in a patriotic
yearning for frugality in our expenditure. His
judgment, we believe, to have been in this instance
eclipsed by his patriotism. Granted that in the Par-
liamentary session of 1834, when this pecuniary aid
was first yielded, that it was declared to lee merely
temporary by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer
—granted that Lord ALTHORP acknowledged that
the wants of the expatriated Poles would only con-
tinue to call for the charities of England during
a period of a very limited duration granted
that the session of' 1848 is drawing to a close, and
that still the vote is required—granted all this, and
we still maintain that the assistance is demanded from
Great Britain in compliance with every honourable
and humane principle. When King CMARLES II
was an exile •• money was generously and' spon-
taneously voted for his support by the Polish Diet; i
shall England then withdraw the
the. historical compen-
sation of her humanity fromunhappy refugees
islands who have sought shelter in these
ands ? Is the
sustenance of a profligate
prince everything, and that
of high • minded people nothing Bel
munificent
to these children of misfortune— evenurn
crusts is
'th he
heim poverished
with cantons of Switzerland share their
banished compatriots of Kosciusao. France,
sitting of her Deputies only lest year, voted as in
much the
as, `9,0001. towards the support of the exiled Poles
fidal dominions, and shall England, out of 11
wretched\ spirit of economy, withdraw the compara-
tively paltry grant of 10,7001., simply because Polish
nationality, is not yet restored? 'Would this, we ask,
be beconailig in us ? Could we allow such an inci-
dent toibe recorded in our history? Heaven
forbid !—No : as Lord DUDLEY STUA RT well
observed, better to diminish the expenditure
of public monies in the purchase of Elgin
marbles and Egyptian antiquities than to withhold
the pittance of our doles from the suffering remnant
of the Slavanic race; better to save this country the
expenses incurred in the entertainment of foreign

Ambassadors, Princes, and Sovereigns, than to refuse
10,7001. to those Polish exiles who have been
driven upon our shores by a great political catas-
trophe.

%Ve are rejoiced to see the sensible and generous
compromise proposed by the Chancellor of the Exche-
quer and accepted by the House of Commons. Sir
CHARLES WOOD declared that the Government were
prepared to make a rigid investigation into the con-
dition of the refugees in England, for the purpose of
erasing those Hames from the list which belonged to
men capable of supporting themselves without the
aid of the Legislature, or who were in a position such
as enabled them to re turn without peril to their
native country. Upon this understanding the
amendment was withdrawn, and the cause, advo-
cated so ;nobly and consistently by Lord DUDLEY
STUART, was happily not insulted by the parsimony
of the Parliament.

It is not France alone that has been saved from
the horrors of anarchy, massacre, and plunder by the
energy of General CAVAIGNAC and the bravery of the
Gardes Mobiles, the National Guards, and the troops.
It is every country bordering on France, it is th
whole of Europe that has been preserved by the de-
feat of the party of which LEDRU ROLLIN, CAUSSI,
DIERE and LOUIS BLANC are the chiefs. Had the
victory on the 25th June rested with this party,
there can be no doubt but that France would have be-
come the active and belligerent ally of all those in
every country who profess the convenient doctrine
that " all property is theft," and that that contest be-
tween the principles of disorder and of order would
have commenced, the advent of which was pro.
phecied by CANNING, the end and conse -
qnences of which can be foreseen by no man
The revelations now making before the Criminal
Court at Antwerp, on the trial of those concerned in
the insurrectionary attempt at Risquons-Tout, prove
to demonstration that it was through no fault of M.
LEDRU RoLusi and his coadjutors that France did
not commence a war of Communist propagandism,
and declare Belgium annexed to the French Republic.
It appears from the evidence that the expedition for
the invasion of Belgium was organized in Paris; that,
to use the words of the Brussels journal, "it was
quasi-official, as it was prepared and encouraged by
the two principal members of the Provisional Govern-
ment." and it was only through the good sense and
chivalrous honour of General NEGRIER, whose life has
since been sacrificed in the cause of order, that
Europe was saved from a general war.
During the period of the organization of
the expedition in Paris, SPILTNORN, DELESTREE,
and the other chiefs were lodged at the
Tuileries, and were in constant communication with
certain members of the Government. The insurrec-
tionary legion was openly organized in Paris and
was furnished with provisions from the Government
stores. On the 7th March, thirty thousand muskets
were promised to the insurgents by the Provisional
Government, and were delivered to them before they
crossed the frontiers ; the Provisional Government at
the same time dispatched MM . REQUIN and DELAFOSSE
to Belgium to open communications with the dis-
affected. At the same time the insurrectionary
legion was permitted to form a camp at Seclin on the
French territory, close to the Belgian frontier, where
they were drilled and trained by pupils
of the Ecole Polytechnique, and of the Ecole
de St. Cyr, and while encamped at Seclin
M. DELESCLUZE, the Prefect of the Department of
the North, who had been recently appointed to that
office by M. LEDRU RomaN, distributed every day to
the legion 1,800 rations, and paid each man daily
35 centimes ; so that this insurrectionary legion
was actually in the pay of the functionary of M.
LEDRU ROLLIN. Previous to the invasion three
waggon loads of muskets and two waggon loads of
gunpowder were sent from the citadel of Lille, and
distributed among the insurgents by two of the pupils
of the Polytechnic School, who afterwards com-
manded the insurgents at Risquons-Tout, and one
of whom was killed in the skirmish. A letter in the
handwriting of M. DELESCLUZE, the Ledru-
Rollin-appointed Prefect, proves that it was
he who procured a guide for the in-
surgents to direct them on their route.
It would appear that the report of the spies was
not very favourable to the cause of the insurgents ;
for before the departure of the expedition from the
' French territory M. DELESCLUZE became convinced
that it would be impossible for these armed bands to
conquer the country, and he therefore devised the
following notable expedient as an excuse for sending
in a large French force to republicanise Belgium,
destroy her nationality (we wonder if he had ever
read what M. DE LAMARTINE said about " oppressed
nationalities "), and annexing her to France. The
bands of insurgent Belgians were to have been
backed by a certain number of French troops, drawn
up close to the frontier line, for the alleged purpose
of protecting it. On a given signal these troops
were to have joined the insurgents, in conformity
with secret instructions which had been given to them
not to attend to the orders of their officers.
As, in all probability some of the French
soldiers would have been killed or wounded in
the course of the action, the Belgian troops would
have been accused of having commenced war:on thelße -
public, and an overwhelming force would at once have
been marched into the Belgian territory. Thanks to
the chivalrous honour of General NEGRIER, who at
that time commanded at Lille, the whole scheme
proved abortive. To the peremptory demand of M.
DELESCLUZE for troops, he opposed as peremptory a
refusal, declaring that he would never lend himself
to such shameful machinations. But it was not
against Belgium alone that this plot was directed. That
country, changed from an independent kingdom into
a portion of the French Republic, was to have been
made the advanced work of Communist propa-
gandism, and from the banks of the Meuse and of
the Rhine armed expeditions were to have carried the
banner of the Red Republic into Holland and Prussia.
Thanks to the honour and firmness of General
NEGRIER, to the good sense of the French people as
manifested in the elections for the National Assembly,
and to the energy, judgment, and courage of Ge-
neral CAVAIGNAC, all these evils have been averted
and the peace of Europe has been for the present pre-
served. But the authors of these attempts should be
visited with condign punishment. The complicity of
M. DELESCLUZE is clearly proved; if he acted without
orders his guilt is to the full as great as that of the au-
thors of the attempts of May and June ; if he acted ac-
cording to orders, he should be forced to produce them,
as they would prove most important links in the chain
of evidence necessary to bring home the crime to
those really guilty. We trust the Assembly will in-
stitute a strict investigation into the matter, and will
inflict an exemplary punishment on those to whom
the guilt is brought home.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 18th have arrived.

GONZALES BRAVO, on his arrival at Cadiz, was
liberated on condition that he should immediately
transport himself to some foreign country. Scarcely,
however, has NARVAEZ discovered and broken up the
Camarilla conspiracy of MIRAFLORES, GONZALES
BRAVO, and BEDMAR, for his destitution ; ere a mili-
tary conspiracy having the same object in view was
concocted. The object of this military conspiracy
was to substitute O'DONNELL for -NARVAEZ as Presi-
dent of the Council. Both GONZALES BRAVO and
O'DONNELL are sworn partisans of CHRISTINA, be-
tween whom and NARVAEZ it is evident the best
feeling does not exist. The dismissal of SOTOMAYOR,
the great friend of NARVAEZ, from his post of Fo-
reign Minister, and his banishment, for so it is, to
France as Ambassador, and entry into the Ministry of
Most, the man of all work to CHRISTINA, and the in-
veterate enemy of NARVAEZ, all show that a serious
crisis is at hand. Either NARVAEZ must banish
CHRISTINA and her family or she will oust
NARVAEZ. In the meanwhile, formidable Mon-
temolinist bands have appeared in Catalonia
and the Basque provinces. On the 9th,
ESTARTUS made a descent on Olot with 300 men :
he remained in possession of the town five hours,
seized the public treasure, and levied a contribution
on the inhabitants. FORCADELL succeeded in grossing
the i, Ehsro on the loth, and on the 10th a party of
surprisedloth,Ca —the town of Albocaser, in Va-
lencia, and
MADRID BoLsA A
16 paper. Five
apEpee.rreC;heaainifttgser:
made extensive seizures of arms and
money.
cashli/i ;paapfteerr; Baeritsear,
lee; s
hl 8; .—Three per Cents., 19 6-16
nßani sda, '5343i paper. cash.
Discount Coupons,'ll.o:7 npsoall)4tpa.eept3l,e,
..tri:::lßi,vearenscite4nett.p St. Ferdi-
nand,
London, at 30 days, 45 40

Sir J. Guest had an interview with Sir George Grey, yes-
terday, at the Home-office,

PORTUGAL.

Intelligence has been received from Lisbon to the
12th instant.

The QUEER in person prorogued the Cortes on the
15th instant. Several persons accused of political
offences have been arrested.

The following is the speech of the Queen of PORTU-
GAL when closing the Cortes :
" Worthy Peers of the Realm and Gentlemen Deputies
of the Portuguese Nation—
" Upon the occasion of closing this session, the first of the
present Legislature, I have personally come to assure you of
having fully justified the confidence placed in you by me and
by the nation.

"The opening of these general Cortes was to me a matter
of great satisfaction, because I saw myself surrounded by the
representatives of the Portuguese nation, anxious to consoli-
date the pacification of the country, and to heal its wounds
by beneficial and salutary enactments. Now, again, in the
centre of those national representatives, I congratulate my-
self, with you, upon the zealous endeavours shown in
your august functions for realizing that noble and elevated
mission.

" Great indeed were the difficulties viith which the legis-
lative body had to contend.
" The nation will acknowledge the diligence shown by its
representatives in the approval of many different measures
passed in favour of the public cause, and especially in the
voting of the Budget and Revenue Bill, by which provision
has been made for the State expenses of the present finan-
cial year.
" Other measures of the greatest importance have been
laid before you by my Government, which I hope will be
taken into your consideration during the next legislative
session.

" Worthy Peers of the Realm and Gentlemen Deputies
of the Portuguese Nation—
" In the midst of the extraordinary political occurrences
which have taken place in Europe during your Parliamen•
tart' functions, I feel the greatest satisfaction in informing
you that public tranquillity has not been, in the slightest
degree, disturbed in this country, nor has my Government
been under the necessity of recurring to extraordinary mea-
sures, or to the infringement of any of the constitutional
forms—thanks to the good sense of the people, and to your
efficacious co-operation.
" Although your legislative functions may be suspended
for some months, you still have a great duty to perform,
which, I am sure, you will fulfil with zeal and efficacy.
•° During the Parliamentary recess it is your mission to
inspire the people with that love for the existing institutions
which will be the most powerful means of saving us from
the pernicious influence of exaggerated ideas, inculcating
those sentiments of obedience to the laws and authorities,
that love of labour, and those habits of virtue and
morality, which can alone insure the true felicity of the
people.
" This session is closed."

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The party of M. ODILLON BARItOT has given in
its adhesion, not only to the Republic, but to the
Republican form of Government, and has decidedly
repudiated the idea of a restoration. The following,
which may be considered the manifesto of that party,
and which appears in the Siecic of yesterday, will be
read with feelings of satisfaction by all those who
wish to give a fair trial to the great experiment now
in the course of working out in France.
`' There are many credulous people who, by propagating a
thousand absurd reports, which are in circulation every day,
for the purpose of injuring credit and destroying confidence,
assist, without knowing it, the tactics of the rioters. There
are also men without foresight—manufacturers, merchants,
and even workmen—who, excited by their present sufferings,
are ready to exclaim, My business went on very well under
the monarchy, but I am doing nothing under
.the Republic.
Well then, 'Vive le Roi !" Down with the Republic!' Such
is the logic of despair. Assuredly, this manner of reasoning
is absurd, but it is not sufficient to say so, it must be proved.
Yes, the ultra Radicals, the demagogues, and the litopists,
have ruined trade, and by misguiding a part of the people
have caused bleed to flow; but would Louis Philippe or
Henry V. bring us back from London or from Kirchberg the
money that we have lost? Evidently not. Would they re-
store us the generals and the soldiers whom the anarchists
have killed ? No. The evil, therefore, which has been caused
by madmen and by fools is irreparable.
" But it is argued by some, the return of a monarchy
would be the restoration of order, which favours labour, and
causes commerce to prosper. Nothing more erroneous. If
alarm still prevails, now that the insurrection has been sup.
pressed, and that society is evidently tending to re-establish
itself on its proper basis, what deplorable uneasiness
would not be caused by any fresh attempts on the part
of monarchy ? Would not that which is called by some a
pledge of peace be, on the contrary, a signal of renewed
struggles, fresh combats, and fresh massacres? Is it to be
believed that the power would be abandoned without resist-
ance by the Government, by the Assembly, and by the
Administration? Is it to be believed that the Red Republic,'
which is now unveiled, vanquished, and happily powerless,
would not recover its strength at the aspects of the satilfaits
of Louis Philippe, or the retrograde party of Henry V. ?
Would it not be authorised in crying from the top of its
mountain ' the Government has been either unskilful or
treacherous; the Assembly has shown neither intelligence nor
heart; it is we alone who have understood the wishes of the
people and the great revolution of February.
" Is it to be believed that the nation still would not hesi-
tate at the cost and the perils of a counter revolution?
Would it, when scarcely recovered from its late shocks,
wish to encounter fresh storms? Try the Orleans family
' again Has not the country already shown an almost
fabulous patience—a patience of eighteen years? We know
something of this. Try the elder branch again? That
would be to sacrifice the fate of France to an unknown hand ;
it would be to gamble with her, it would be to throw away
the glorious efforts of sixty years. The Orleans branch
would return to us animated with the spirit of Louis Phi-
lippe, and of Guizot, and Henry V., with the ideas of the
old regime. Hence would arise elements of discord; hence
a fresh cause for commercial crisis; hence an augmentation
of the very evil from which arise the perils which we are
anxious to avoid.
"We have never been among those who brought on the
violent advent of the Republic; we are neither invested with
its authority nor its offices ; but we do not hesitate to declare
that we now regard it as our hope and our salvation ;
that it alone can repair the mischief that has been done in
its name.
"What we desire is to have a constitution, a regular Go•
vernment, and a stable Administration ; to get out of a pro-
visional state of things; and all those things are within our
reach. Have a little patience with regard to the Republic.
During the last sixty years our political experiments have
cost us six milliards of francs, and the blood of two millions
of men. Let us now stopl; let us no longer run after
.changes
which always deceive our hopes; let us for once ameliorate
our institutions instead of overturning them."
It is also satisfactory to know that the Emperor
of RUSSIA is inclined to enter into relations with the
French Republic. The semi-official Meleager says—
"lt has been stated by several journals that General Leflo is
on his way to St. Petersburgh, in the quality of Minister of
the Republic. We can add that a representative of the
Autocrat is expected at Paris, and that the two states
will be represented by Ministers Plenipotentiary, although
in the last years of the reign of Louis Philippe Russia
had only a Chargé d'Affaires at Paris. Already, and for
some time, a good understanding between the Re-
public and the Czar has been opened. These relations
were kept up by the consular agents, and they are now
about to be changed into a regular political intercourse.
Besides, we are assured that a short time before the
revolution of February the Emperor Nicholas declared to
Colonel, now General C--, who was sent into Russia rather
on a scientific than a diplomatic mission, that it was his in-
tention to visit France in the course of 1848. The Czar at
the same time appeared not to be very anxious for a recon-
ciliation with Louis Philippe, though be expressed himself in
terms of sympathy for the people of France. In the state of
pl
mind that he manifested towards the ex-King, his determi-
nation to come to France may appear to be somewhat strange.
ietx proper to interrogate him."ain himself, and on which his
Did he mean to come only as a simple traveller? This is a
interlocutorpoi nt on which d he o it
rdhi nnokt
It is by no means difficult to account for the differ-
ence in the conduct of the Emperor NICHOLAS towards
the Republic and towards Louis PHILIPPE. There
are two great principles of Government at present,
en face, Monarchy and Republicanism. As the re-
presentative of the legitimate autocratic monarchical
principle, the Emperor of RUSSIA respects the French
Republic as the representative of the democratic
principle, because it is the representative of a prin.
ciple. With regard to Louis PHILIPPE, however, the
case was different. He was the representative of no
principle; as a King, he was an usurper; as a Republic,
he was a " sham." The Emperor of RUSSIA, there-
fore, the representative of a principle, could enter-
tain no respect whatever for LOUIS PHILIPPE or his
system.
The Messager gives the following explanation of
the reasons which induced the Government to have
the military under arms on Tuesday:—
"Several journals of yesterday evening have explained
which General Cuny, recently called to the command of the
the display of troops in Paris yesterday by the necessity
Garde Mobile, found himself under of becoming acquainted
with the battalions, by passing them in review; and as
several of them had changed barracks and forts, he took the
opportunity of their assembling at the points they are to oc-
cupy in case of an alerte. After the review the battalions
returned to their respective quarters. We do not think this
to be the correct version. A part of the Garde Mobile was
on foot the preceding night, and strong pickets of the Na-
tional Guard were ordered to the mairies. It is certain that
these precautions, and perhaps because they were taken, re-
mained without any object. We are assured that the autho-
rities were informed that an attack was intended to be made
on the house of M. Thiers. The post at the Rue St. George
was reinforced, and a chain of communication formed be-
tween the Place St. George and the mairie of the second
somereate
arrondissement. We may add that a strike of the journey-
men bakers, the consequence of the Caussidiere conciliation,
had
quarters.peints and B u tn
es police
tu
rabgaenne
et s
were
took place."
The attack on the house of M. TUTEES was planned
by the Communists, in revenge for his merciless ex-
posure of the theories of M. PROUDHON.
Every day furnishes an additional proof of the
junction which has taken place between the Legiti-
matists and Communists.
The Bien Public says—

" We are assured that M. Proudhon, in consequence of
the suspension of the Representant du Peupte, has offered his
collaboration to the Univers. This proposition was gravely
debated in a meeting composed of MM. Montalembert, Fat-
loux, &c. We do not know if the pious synod of the Univers
will open the gates of the Church to the Mephistopheles of
Communism."
M. DE BRIGNOLLES-SALE was yesterday presented
by the Minister for Foreign Affairs to General
CAVAIGNAC, and remitted his letters of credence as
Minister Plenipotentiary of the king of SARDINIA to
the French Republic.
The application presented to the Assembly, asking
for an authorisation to prosecute one of its members,
was from M. GUERIN, one of the witnesses before
the. Insurrectionary Committee. Ile asked permis-
sion to prosecute M. CAUSSIDIERE for calumny,
CAUSSIDIERE having, before the Committee charged
him with having been a former agent of police under
M. DELESSEET. The application was refused.