The Sun.
London, England, 1848-11-16 00:00:00

Power to a citizen who receives the title of President of
I the Republic.
Art. 44. The President must be a Frenchman by
birth, aged 30 years at the least, and have never lost
his quality of Frenchman.
Art. 45. The President of the Republic is elected for
four years, and is re-eligible only after an interval of
four years. Neither can there be elected after him the
Vice-President, nor any relations of the President, in
blood or alliance, to the sixth degree inclusively.
Art. 46. The election takes place in full right on the
second Sunday in the month of May. In case, in conse-
quence of ;death, resignation, or any other cause, the
President be elected at any other period, his :powers
shall expire on the second Sunday on the month of
May in the fourth year which shall follow his election.
The President is to be nominated by ballot and by the
absolute majority of voters, by the direct suffrage of all
the electors of the French departments and Algeria.
Art. 47. The minutes of the electoral operations are
transmitted immediately to the National Assembly,
which decides without delay on the validity of the elec-
tion, and proclaims the President of the Republic. If
no candidate has obtained more than a moiety of the
express suffrages, and at least two millions of votes, or
if the conditions imposed by Art. 44 are not fulfilled, the
National Assembly elects the President of the Republic,
by an absolute majority and the ballot, from among the
five eligible candidates who have obtained the greater
number of votes.
Art. 48. Before entering on his functions, the Presi-
dent of the Republic takes before the National Assembly
an oath to the following effect :-In presence of God
and before the French people represented by the Na-
tional Assemly, I swear to remain faithful to the demo-
cratic Republic, one and indivisible, and to fulfil all the
duties which the Constitution imposes on me.
Art. 49. He has the right to cause Bills to be presented
to the National Assembly by the Ministers. He watches
over and assures the execution of the laws.
Art. 50. He disposes of the armed force, without hav-
ing the power of ever commanding it in person.
Art. 51. He cannot cede any portion of the territory,
nor dissolve nor prorogue the National Assembly, nor
suspend in any manner the empire of the Constitution
and of the laws.
Art. 52. He presents every year, by a message to the
National Assembly, a statement of the general state of
the affairs of the Republic.
Art. 53. He negotiates and ratifies treaties. No
treaty is definitive until it has been approved of by the
National Assembly.
Art. 54. He watches over the defence of the State, but
he cannot undertake any war without the consent of the
National' ka-sembly.
Art. 55. He has the right to grant pardon, but he
cannot exercise this right until after he has taken the
advice of the Council of State. Armistices cannot be
granted but by a law. The President of the Republic,
the Ministers, as well as all other persons condemned by
the High Court of Justice, can only be pardoned by the
National Assembly.
Art. 56. The President of the Republic promulgates
the laws in the name of the French people.
Art. 57. Laws d'urgence are promulgated within a de-
lay of three days, and the other laws within a space of
one month, from the day on which they shall have been
adopted by the National Assembly.
Art. 58. Within the delay fixed for the promulgation,
the President of the Republic may, by a message ex-
plaining his motives for doing so, demand a fresh deli-
beration. The Assembly deliberates ; its resolution
becomes definitive, and is transmitted to the President
of the Republic. In this case the promulgation takes
place within the day fixed for laws d'uryence.
Art. 59. In default of promulgation by the President
of the Republic within the dela) s fixed by the preceding
articles it shall be provided for the President of the Na-
tional Assembly.
Art. 60. The Envoys and Ambassadors of foreign
powers are accredited to the President of the Republic,
Art. 61. He presides at national solemnities.
Art. 62. His residence is furnished at the expense of
the Republic, and he receives a salary of 600,0001. per
annum.
Art. 63. He resides at the place where the National
Assembly holds its sittings, and cannot quit the conti-
nental territory of the Republic without being authorised
so to do by a law.
Art. 64. The President of the Republic appoints and
dismisses the Ministers. He appoints and dismisses, in
a Council of Ministers, the diplomatic agents, the com-
mandants in -chief of the land and sea forces, the prefects,
the superior commandant of the National Guards of the
Seine, the governors of Algeria and the colonies, the
procureurs OA:aux, and other functionaries of a
superior order. He appoints and dismisses on the pro-
position of the competent Minister, and in the regulating
conditions determined by the law, the secondary agents
of the Government.
Art. 65. He has a right to suspend the agents of the
executive power elected by the citizens for a term which
cannot exceed three months. He cannot dismiss them
but with the advice of the Council of State. The law
determines the cases in which the agents so dismissed
may be declared ineligible to the same functions. This
declaration of ineligibility cannot be pronounced but by a
judgment.
Art. 66. The number of the Ministers and their at-
tributions are fixed by the Legisl .tive power.
Art. 67. The acts of the President of the Republic,
other than those by which he appoints or dismisses the
Ministers, are of no effect, unless they are countersigned
by a Minister.
Art. 63. The President of the Republic, the Ministers,
the agents and holders of public authority, are responsi-
ble, each as far as it concerns him, for all the acts of the
Government and of the Administraion. Any measure
by which the President of the Republic dissolves the
National Assembly, prorogues it, or places any obstacle
in the way of the exercise of its mandate, is a crime of
high treason. By this sole fact, the President is deprived
if his functions; the citizens are bound to refuse obedi-
E rise to him; the executive power passes by full right to
the National Assembly; the Judge of the High Court
of Justice immediately assemble, on pain of forfeiture;
they convoke the juries in the places which they point
out, to proceed to the trial of the President and of his
accomplices; they themselves appoint the magistrates
charged to fulfil the functions of public prosecutor. A
law shall determine the other cases of responsibility, as
well as the forms and the conditions of the prosecution.
Art. 69. The Ministers have admiision to the National
Assembly; they are heard whenever they demand to be,
and can require the assistance of the Commissioners
named by a decree of the President of the Republic.
Art. 70. There is a Vice-President of the Republic,
chosen by the National Assembly, on the presentation
of three candidates made by the President in one month
after his election. The Vice-President takes the same
oath as the President. The-Vice-Presidents cannot be
cliosen from among the relations and family connexions
of the President to the sixth degree inclusively. In case
of the President being unable to attend to his duties, he
is replaced by the Vice-Presidents. If the President-
ship becomes vacant by death, the' resignation of the
President, or otherwise, the election of a new President
shall take place within the month.
CHAPTER VI.-OF THE COUNCIL OF STATE.
Art. 71. There shall be a Council of State, of which
the Vice-President shall be by right the President.
Art. 72. The members of this Council are appointed
by the National Assem .ly for six yeers. They are re-
newed the half at a time, within the first two months of
each legislature by secret ballot, and by the absolute
majority. They are indefinitely re-eligib.e.
Art. 73. Such of the members of the C. tiecil of State
as shall be chosen from among the members of the Na-
tional Assembly shall be immediately repl .ced as repre-
sentatives of the people.
Art. 74. The members of the Council of State cannot
be dismissed but by the Assembly, and on the proposi-
tion of the President of the Republic.
Art. 75. The Council of State is consulted on the Bills
of the Government, which, according to law, are to be
submitted to its previous examination, and on the initia-
tive Parliamentary measures which the Assembly may
ley before it. It prepares the regulations of the public
administration; it alone makes those regulations, with
regard to which the National Assembly has delegated a
special authority. It exercises, with regard to the public
administrations, all the powers of control and superin-
tendence which are conferred on it by the law. The
law will regulate its other attributions.
CHAPTER VII.-OF THE INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION.
Art. 76. The division of the territory intd departments,
arrondissements, cantons, and communes, is maintained.
The present circumscriptions cannot be changed but by
a law.

Art. 77. There is, 1, in each department an adminis-
tration composed of a prefect, a council-general, and a
council of prefecture; 2. In each arrondissement a sub-
prefect; 3. In each canton acantonal council; neverthe-
less, in cities divided into several cantons there shall be
but one cantonal council; 4. In each commune an ad-
ministration composed of a mayor, deputies, and muni-
cipal council.
Art. 78. A law shall determine the composition and
the attributions of the councils -general, the cantonal
councils, the municipal councils, and the mode of nomi-
nation of the mayors and deputies.
Art. 79. The councils general and the municipal
councils are elected by the direct suffrages of all the
pp eartcmLllat
of
the citizens resident in the department, or in the commune.
Each canton elects a member of the Council General. A
sia
law will
sregulateeine,int
thehe cmodeity t
of
realrTst, i oa
nndinthethtoe wdnes-
having 'more than'
20,000 • h atntants.
Art 80., The councils
and the municipal cougnecirral, the cantonal councils,
President_of the ite may be dissolved by the
pu. kir s
ie, with the advice of the Council
of State. The law will ti
the (May within which a re-
election shall take place.
CHAPTER VIII.—OF THE JUDICIAL POIVEn,
Art. 81. Justice is rendered gratuitousry in the
name
of the French people. The proceedings are public,un-
less in cases where publicity would endanger ordee
be injurious to the public morality; and in this case the
tribunal shall declare it by a judgment.
Art. 82. The jury shall continue to be applied in cri-
minal matters.
Art. 83. The trial of all political offences and of all
offences committed by the press belongs exclusively to
the Jury. The organic laws shall determine the cora-
tit tc ncy in s cast o' insult and defamation against private
individuals.
Art. 84. The Jury alone shall decide on the amount
of damages claimed for offences of the press.
Art: 85. The justices of the peace and their assistants,
the justices of premiere instance and of appeal, the mem-
bers of the Court of Cassation and of the Court of Ac-
counts, are appointed by the President of the Republic,
according to. an order of candidateship, or according to
conditions Which shall he regulated by the organic laws.
Art. 86. The nrigistrates filling the functions of public
prosecutors are appointed by the President of the Republic.
Art. 87. The Judges of premiere instance and of ap-
peal, the members of the Court of Cessation and of the
Court of Accounts are appointed for tits.. They cannot-
be dismissed or suspended but by a judgment, nor placed
on the retired list, except for causes and in the forms
determined by the law.

THE SUN,