The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-03 00:00:00

still holding back a great number of persons. when the
measures adopted by the new Pontiff gave encourage-
ment to those who were desirous of progressive improve.
ments without any violent shock or disorder, and
preached observance of the law. The success of the
loyal addresses presented to the present Po. e by the in
habitants of the b-gations produced a wonderful effeet,
and induced all men to enter upon the same path. We
now learn from all parts that the extreme parties are
routed, and that moderate opinions remain master
of the field. We seo with great satisfaction this
easy conquest of peace and of the principl-s of
genuine liberty. The moral support of enlightened
nations cannot be wanting to those who, by legal
means, endeavour to bring about improvements, and
aspire to effect their object by other moans than rebel-
lion or disorder. A party proposing to itself to btain
grand reforms by legal means, and without disturbing
the tranquility of the people, undertalo a the most
glorious, but at the same time the most difficult task
that can be given to man to aceoioplish. AlOlOllOll mo-
derate opinions have in a short space of time made such
remarkable progress in Italy, it dies not follow that
those who profess them possess already all that is neces-
sary for attaining their object. To off et great ends, it
is not sufficient that a party should be numerous—it
should, above all things, be well disciplined. Now, al-
though on the other side of the Alps. the majority may
be imbued with moderate ideas, organisation is want-
, ing, and without that success is not possible. We
do not, in saying this, allude to that organi-
zation of secret societies, concealing themselves
in caverns, and frequently amusing themselves
with setting up vain symbols ; we mean the avowed and
openly manifested organization of a powerful party,
acknowledging the authority of superiors, and acting
with openness and perseverance in the face of day, be-
cause their intentions are pure, and they are desirous of
never departing from the line of legality. The satisfac-
tion, which men experience when they quit the tortuous
path of plots and schemes, to take their stand on the
open ground of legal resistance, on which they may
always fight with their faces uncovered, ennobles the
soul and elevates the heart. On this ground the contest
may be greatly prolonged—it may present the most
diverse phases ; but final success can never be doubtful,

thereby suggested will be valuable, not Merely in
deciding what lines are necessary for 'the ;supply of
the wants of the country, and how far a givcetl project
may be conducive to that end, and providing Par-
liament with such information as may be of use
to enable it to legislate in the way 'most teneficial
to the public, but also in materially climin'eling the
extraordinary amount of preliminary expebtes, legal
and otherwise, the magnitude of which its one of the
greatest blots and abuses on the Engliali system. The
Parliamentary expenses of the Great Western
Rail-
way are stated to have been 1,0001. per re:iie, of the
London and Birmingham 6501. per and of the
Eastern Counties, of fifty-one mile-4, 45,090/., while
the other preliminary exper`e;ee amounted to no less
a sum than 48,6501., [Dela:leg no less an expenditure
than 93,8401., before or.e single shilling was expended
in the actual constr -action of the works. This fearful
waste of the pu;ric- money is a grievance to which
there must he, -placed some limitation. If returns
could be r:atained of the solicitors' bills of costs and
other expenses incurred during the progress of the
raania last year, in the several schemes that never
even came before Parliament, or did not obtain the
legislative sanction, a sum total would be
presented that would astound the public. When it is
stated on good authority that the solicitor's account in
one Bill, which never went beyond the Standing
Orders' Committee of the House of Commons,
amounted to no less a sum than 82,0001., and this
exclusive of the expenses of engineers, and various
other outlays, some notion may be formed of the
aggregate of the 700 schemes, and upwards, which
came to an untimely end, or at least did not receive
the sanction of the Legislature. They certainly
manage things far better in France, in this respect,
when we find, that in the Rouen and Havre line, the
expenses incurred in the inquiry before the board,
and up to the time the Act was obtained, amounted to
only 700/, about the one- hundredth part of what it
would have cost in this country—indeed, we fear that
the great facility given to the creation of costs
and law expenses was the original and ex-
citing cause of a very large proportion of the
crude and undigested schemes by which the country
was last year deluged, and which did so much mis-
chief in its results. A lawyer wanted business, and
forthwith a railway was got up for his especial
benefit. He had his staff of provisional committee-
men ready, who, dazzled by the premiums at which
every new scheme came out, and, reckless of the lia-
bilities and consequences entailed upon themselves,
too readily lent the sanction of their names to any
undertaking.
The only remaining recommendation is, " that the
companies should he obliged to carry the Post-office
mails by passenger trains, free of all charges, and at
times when there are no passenger trains for the ad-
ditonal expense thereby occasioned." Now we
cannot assent to this suggestion. We see no reason
why the Government should be permitted to take the
property or the labour of individuals without a fair
recompense therefer ; every facility that is re-
quired for the public service should be given,
and at a fair and reasonable rate ; but that pressing
into the public service gratuitously what may be
ahtained by paying for it, is one of the mot objec-
tionable features of a despotic power. We think
that point may be fairly left to the control and super-
intendence of the new board, to decide on a fair and
Equitable adjustment of the question between the
companies and the public. The same may be said of
the case of soldiers, sailors, and other bodies of men
in the public service, the alterations respecting which
have not been considered by the Committee. On the
whole the report may be considered a most valuable
document, affording data and premises on which the
public may be enabled to arrive at just and reason-
able conclusions; and much is due to Mr. MORRISON
and his coadjutors for the zeal and ability with which
they conducted the inquiry entrusted to their charge.

if the men who are contending for it are truly impressed
with a sense of their duty, and consider their task as a
grave undertaking which merits all their attention, and
for which they ought, if called on, to sacrifice all their
interests and all their pleasures,"
According to the Constitutionnel, there was a report
current in Rome, that the King of SARDINIA had
written to the PorE, complimenting him on the
amnesty and the promise he had made of granting
liberal institutions to his subjects. " This," says the
Constibtionnel, " would be a most important fact.
The existence of a friendly understanding between

the Roman and the Piedmontese Governments would
be a death-blow to the retrograde party, and to
Austrian influence. The approbation expressed by
King CIIARLES ALTIERT had, it appears, inspired
courage to Cardinal Gun, the Secretary of State,
who had addressed a note to the King of NAPLES,
complainin4 of the hostile intentions he had mani-
fested towards the Pontifical Court."

It would appear from the following article in the

T.,pogne, the journal plr excellence of M. GUIZOT, as

if the French Minister for Foreign Affairs wished to
exploite the visit of IBRAHIM PACIIA to Europe to
his advantage :
" Amongst the various problems for the future," says
this other Ministerial journal, " which the eastern
question has left hitherto unsolved, there is one which
we avow has caused ns some uneasines4. The heredi-
tary sueees•iion in the family of Mehemet Ali, that
afflicting concession, which force alone wrested from
the Porte, hr,s not yet been consecrated by fact, Mehe-
met Ali is the first of his race, and the Divan has not
yet renounced a secret hope of one ,lav re-ec.tablishi7•g
its authority over Egypt. If, therefore, en opppor-
tu city can ever arrive for Turkey to make a last effort, to

raent when the death of :Mehemet Ali, shall, for the first
accomplih this object, it will ni;donbtedly be at the mo-
time, raise the cpiestior of succession. It is not that the
appear to us doubtful, for
rights of Ibrahim Pacha
Europe has formally recognised them ; but it is Hell
known, and the page of history forcibly reminds us of
the fact, that the momentary crisis which ordinarily
attends every transmission of sovereign power, offers a
very seductive opportunity to the intrigues of the am
biti'ous and to the objects of reaotionists. There exists,
perhaps, in the particular condition of the family of Me-
hemet Ali elements of discord which may be perfidiously
acted on. The law of succession has hitherto re -
mained a dead letter, thanks to the long career
of the reigning Pi ince. It has put forth no
root, neither in the family nor among the people,
and the traditions of Orientals are not of a nature to
give it a power beyond the reach of all dispute. On the
other hand, Ibrahim Yacht is not the only son of
Mehemet Ali, and he is not even the only one that has
given proofs of high capacity, and that enjoys consider-
able influence over the monk_ fleet;
I and Abas Pacha participates largely in the labours of
the Government, and has been able more than any othr
to acquire the love and confidence of the Viceroy, his
father. Who can say that the mind of Said or of Abas
would not be accessible to the insidious counsels which
might excite in them the demons of ambition and jea-
lousy? A dispute relative to the succession, where
each of the pretenders could have his party, might lead to
civil war, put everything in doubt as to the question of
Egypt, and deliver her up to foreign intrigues and exigen-
cies. Superficial minds maybe but slightly struck by such
provisions as these. Without being ourselves inclined.
to exaggerate their importance, we nevertheless think
that, in face of the well known disposition of the
Porte, when it is considered, too, what indefatigable
' perseverance England is capable of using to obtain
a result so important as that which would deliver
up to her the Isthmus of Suez, it would be a want
of common foresight not to seriously reflect on
the subject. We think it was wise to dread that
the Porte and England would be equally dis-
contented to recognise in the heir presumptive of
Mehemet Ali, the worthy accomplisher of his father's
work, and that they would bold themselves ready to
shake his power, in order to impose on him their wis' es.
The French Government, therefore, used a wise and
skilful policy when it persuaded Ibrahim Pacha to accept
the invitation of the Queen of England. The oppor-
tunity was, in fact, fart urable, not only for, obtaining
from the Government of Great Britain an implicit re-
cognition of the rights of the hero of Nezib as the here-
ditary Prince of Egypt. but also to overthrow all the
hopes which might have been nourished by the Govern-
ment of Constantinople. England has now saluted
Ibrahim Pacha as the future sovereign of Egypt ; only
a few days since Sir Charles Napier solemnly proclaimed
his right, and Lord Palmerston, the Minister of
Fo-
reign Affairs, joined in the declaration. Now, and in
oonseqiience of the visit of Ibrahim Paella to England,
the British Government has formally pledged itself as to
the question of succession in Egypt. The Opposition,
with that clear siglitedness which distingtrishes it, could
only discover in all this affair an act of servility on the
p In of our Ministers to,ards our rivals on the other side
of the channel. The Opposition must allow us to think
differently, and to congratulate our Government for
having known how to take advantage of circumstances in
order to secure as much as possible fresh guarantees for
the peace and independence of Egypt, whose strength
and prosperity are so necessary to the triumph of the
policy and interests of France."

It appears that the person who sent the box of
explosive materials to the Prince of SAMOS, at Con-
stantinople, with the intention of murdering his
Highness, and the explosion from which wounded
STAMATIDES, the friend and associate of M. COLETTI,
the Prime Minister of Greece, of M. PISCATORY, the
French Ambassador at the Court of Athens, and who
accompanied the French Admiral TuRrIN as inter-
preter, during his recent voyage in the Archipelago.

The question of the Jesuits was considered by the
Swiss Diet, which was held at Zurich on the 25th of
August. On the question being put to the vote, the
following were the results :—For the abandonment of
the question, 81 states; to declare the question a
federal affair, 101 states ; to summon all the states to
repel the Jesuits, 91 states ; to invite only Lucerne
to expel them, 8f states ; to invite the three other
states to adopt that measure, 7f states ; to prohibit
any further reception of the Jesuits, 10f states.

We learn from a letter, published in the German
Gazette of Frankfort, that the Austrian Government
had consented to take off the sequestration placed on
the property of the Princess CZARTORTSKI in Galicia,
on the Prince signing a written engagement not to
interfere in the affairs of Poland. The latest intelli-
gence from Galicia is to the 18th ult., and is pub-
lished in the Cologne Gazette. It is as follows :
" We learn from Tarnew,of the 16th, that the peasants
of Wolga, near Dembetza, to the number of 200. excited
by a Jewish emissary, assailed the Chateau of Wolga,
and pill,ged it. The owner of the chateau escaped with
great difficulty. On the receipt of this news a detach-
ment of cavalry left Demhetza for Wolga, and dispersed
the band, taking 26 prisoners. The principal leader.
however, escaped. This event has caused so much alarm
among the gentry, that they all left their o,untry houses
and sought refuge in the towns. Tarnow is full of re-
fugees. The reports in circulation, that disturbances
had taken place in the circles of Llmberg, is without
foundation—everything remains tranquil."
The King of DENMARK has accepted the resigna-
tion of the Prince of AUGUSTENBURG as Commander-
in-Chief of Schleswig-Holstein, and discharged him
from the office of President of the Regency of the
the Duchy. Major-General Luzow is appointed
Commander-in-Chief. His MAJESTY has, however,
continued to the Prince of AUGUSTENBURG the emo-
luments of the offices held by him as a pension.
A letter from Ystad, in Scania (Sweden) of the
24th, says :

In the same paper we find the announcement of
the departure from Paris of Prince CALLEMAKI, the
Minister from the Porte to the Court of her Britan-
nic MAJESTY. This is, we believe, the first instance
in which the SULTAN has ever sent a Christian as his
representative to a foreign Court.
The Prince DE JOINVILLE and his fleet were in
the Bay of Naples on the 22d.
HENRI was on Sunday removed from the Luxem-
bourg to the Conciergerie.
The potato disease is spreading in all parts of
France. In the neighbourhood of Paris and in the
department of the Oise, more particularly at Cressy,
it has manifested itself with the greatest virulence.
The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on
Monday at 83f. 75c. ; the Five per Cents., 121 f 50c. ; the
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,273 f. 75c. ; Rouen, 962 f. 50c. •
Havre, 700 f. ; Great Northern, 712 E 50c.; Avignon, 918 f.
75c. ; Vierzor, 628 f. 75c. ; Bordeaux, 5771. 50c.; Boulogne,
485 f. ; Troyes and Montereau, 062 f. 50c ; Paris and Stras-
burg, 4971. 50c.; Paris and Lyons, 528 f. 75c.; Lyons and
Avignon, 490 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 485 E ; Spanish Ac-
tives, 33% ; ditto Domestic Debt, 323 ; ditto Passives, 51,42,
MARSEILLES, Ana. 27.-3larseilles and Avignon, 913 f,
75c. ; Northern, 7101 ; Paris and Lyons, 525 f.
BUSINESS DONE TN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

" The King and Queen of Sweden have been attacked
with the measles, while on a visit at the Chateau of the
Count de Piper, at Krageholm, but are now in a state of
convalescence. The disorder has been very prevalent in
this province during the summer. The Prince Royal
and Prince Augustus have also suffered from it, but.
slightly. The squadron of evolution has brought back
Prince Oscar from St. Petersburgh to Calscrona. His
reception by the Emperor of Russia was most gracious.
The Prince Royal and Prince Gustavus are to be prt,sent
at the manoeuvres of the camp in Silesia, and will after-
wards visit the Courts of Dresden and Munich. The
Queen• Mother will not return to Stockholm until their
Majesties are perfectly recovered."
The Augsburgh Gazette publishes a letter, dated
Athens, August 13, which states that the Govern-
ment had submitted to the Chamber a Bill, declaring
that two-thirds of the surplus of the receipts over the
expenditure of :the year 1845.6, should be employed
in payment of the interest and sinking fund of the
debt due by Greece to England and Russia.
Madrid papers to the 26th have arrived.

LoN 6-01`i;;Tta SEPttkilE4.

Boulogne alul Amiens, laN—Direet BontbaY and Matlfaii) %
Dutch Rhenish, 6! —East Indian, A —Great Bengal,
--Jamaica South Midland Sui*tioii, ok —Louvain a la Sambre, 1%--
Luxembourg, l%—linnitlY and Liesze, 234—Orleaus and Bordtati;
fiN. —Paris and Lyons Constituted, s%—Sambre dnd Meuse, 4%,

On the evening of the 25th there had been a grand
reception at the Palace in honour of the fete day of
the Infanta LUISA .FERNANDA. The question of the
QUEEN'S marriage still occupied the public atten-
tion. The Members of the Cabinet, it is
said, are divided ; some being in favour of Don
FRANCISCO D'Assis, others of a Prince of Coburg.
The majority, however, are in favour of Don
FRANCISCO.

ELECTION Nzws,—lt is now certain that both Mr.
Tomline and Mr. Disraeli will again offer themselves for
Shrewsburyo—Stafirordshire Mercury.
PRICE OP GOLD. The premium on gold at Paris is
16 per mine, which, at the English Mint price of a OA,
10%d. per ounce for standard gold gives an exchange of 25
55 ; and the exchange at Paris On London at short being 25
75, it follows that gold Is 0.87 per cent. dearer in London
than in Paris, By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold
is 4341 per mark, which, at the English Mint priceof 3/. 17s,
10I4d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of
13 934 ; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short
being 13 10%, it follows that gold is 0.34
per cent. dearer in
London than in Hamburgh. The course ofexcharge at'„New
York on London is 108 per cent., and the par of exchange
between England and America being 109 23-40 per cent., it
follows that the exchange is 1.58 per cent. against England.
'We have received the Paris papers of Monday. taut the quoted exchange at New York being for bills at CO
edlieficßetrnoernrsucoentistreTcAitTylooNf
Rochester The following article on the policy of the new days' sight, tke interest must be deducted from the above
POPE is from the Journal des Debats. It is important
as showing that the French Government will support
the Sovereign Pontiff in the career of liberality which take into consideration the propriety of.forwhaTindintcg, gerce,qmuisi-
he has adopted, provided he continues to maintain ct iaonnd
itdo
atßalphe
for Bt:ernal, Eq.,n tMi.l:l;
RhrstelirEissTLEbßo.u—t Ato bmeeceotnivrjegnoedf,thtoe
i jOrvittilineg,r city at the neexat
represe •
legality and order, the best guarantees for the main- general election.
tenance of which are to be found in the timely con- WEST3IINSTER-BRIDGE.—A meeting of the inhabit-
ants on the Surrey side of Westminster-bridge was held on
cession of necessary reform?. After praising the Tuesday, at the N' • dLbtl f th
ew Inn,Bridge-roa , ein e i, or e pur-
appointment of Cardinal Gizzr and the measures pose of
considering the best means to be adopted for protect-
hitherto adopted by that Mini:ter, the Journal ths. idrottnheirptewrae:ts ini the evenitmomforthersberitdifee
Lords:iein of
fultlield
e
'Mats thus proceedr : I Treasury in favourre;:f iirledherting to the old site. A good deal
"It may be affirmed th • t the moderate party has never ' was said of the present inconvenience sustained by various
been really constituted in Italy until the acees.ion of the `lasses of :tae pu'dic ; :nd it was stated that omnibuses went
over the bridge 630 '
present Pope. Before his time public opinion remained i times a day, and 730 in summer; these 1
unfixed. Who too convenient doctrine of despair was year. now paying 144 15e. a day in tolls, or above 5,0Q01. a 1

MADRID BOLSA, AUG. 26.—The Three per Cents.
%ere done at 34 for cash ; the Four per Cents., at
21,,1; the Five per Cents., at 22 ; the Debt without
Interest, at 6i ; and the Coupons, at 201.