The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-23 00:00:00

pJ ~ rnt;

LONDON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1846.

While almost everything European assumes a
gloomy and portentous aspect, while the friendly
understanding between Great Britain and France
appears to be destroyed, it is gratifying to receive
pacific intelligence from any territory however dis-
tant, and front any Government however insignifi-
cant. The accounts received of the Ministerial
jealousies occasioned by the ungenerous collusion of
certain diplomatists from the Escurial and the
Tuileries; the bloodless but unconstitutional revo-
lution at Lisbon ; and the illiberal interference of
the French soldiery in the political affairs of Switzer-
land, must unquestionably afford matter for sincere
disappointment to every lover of international cor-
diality. Hence it is with a satisfaction altogether
disproportioned to its bearing upon the happiness of
mankind, that we receive accounts so singularly
favourable from the River Plate. The warfare has
been so versatile, and yet so sanguinary ; so inter-
mittent, and yet so protracted ; so peculiarly local, and
yet so generally calamitous in the countries surround-
ing that portion of the South American continent,
that our gratification at the statements which have
just arrived are enhanced the more we meditate upon
the history of the Argentine States. Sincerely, how-
ever, as we are rejoiced at this information, we have
become so habituated to the revival of hostilities in
that unfortunate republic, that we must perforce con-

tinue somewhat incredulous until the intelligence
brought by the last packet be explicitly corroborated.
Supposing our informant to be authoritative, the
peaceful mission of Mr. HOOD has been eminently
successful. His negotiations have been graciously
met, almost without a solitary exception. With !
General ORIBE and the Government of Buenos
Ayres he is reported to have come to a satisfactory
understanding. The necessary preliminaries have
also been concluded between the British Plenipoten-
tiary and General Rosas. Within three months a
new President is to be nominated by a general elec-
tion. When the correspondence, from which this gra-
tifying intelligence is gleaned,was dispatched, hostilities
were suspended, the forces appertaining to the squa-
dron under Admiral INGLEFIELD were all disem-
barked, the blockade of Buenos Ayres was only
nominally sustained, matters were all in such an
intermediate position that both parties would be pre-
pared for any emergency, that the declaration of
peace or the resumption of hostilities would take
neither by surprise. Flattering, however, as this in
formation is superficially, we can discern something
like insincerity in other particulars. The Council of
Monte Video are still disunited in opinion ; an insurrec-
tion was reported to have broken out in Corrientes and
Entreßios ; and it was rumoured that these two pro-
vinces, together with Paraguay, evinced a disposition
to declare their independence, and, by so doing, to
commence the dismemberment of the Argentine States.
Every species of rumour, indeed, appeared to be
afloat at the departure of the dispatches ; everything
indicated the dubious nature of the pending arrange-
ments.

Whether Mr. HOOD be actually successful in his
endeavours, or whether the murderous and desultory
warfare of past campaigns be revived and emulated
to an indefinite period, it will be equally manifest that
that bloodshed was commenced in error, and has been
continued with impolicy. As far as the present
Government is concerned, an attempt to force civilisa-
tion upon a country like this portion of the South
American continent is a positive calamity to the reci-
pient, and an indefensible cruelty on the part of the
donor. Peace and enlightenment are benignant
spirits, requiring no such devillish enforcement as
that of the bayonet or the congreve rocket. Slavery
is scarcely to be eradicated by the charge of
battle. The generous principles of free trade are not
to be promulgated by the sound of a cavalry bugle.
And yet such are literally the notions which have
originated this crusade against the cities of La Plata•
While British prowess is being baffled month after
month under the batteries of those Spanish• Ameri-
cans, and while the military vassals of ROSAS are pur-
suing their desolate and bloody course, the unoffend •
ing merchants of the eastern hemisphere continue to
be most seriously affected. The only positive advan-
tages of this warfare are, advantages to such freeboot-
ing captains as ROSAS. The interminable miseries of
the provinces tend to the consolidation of the power
of these callous dictators. Like the authority
of the great Emir ABD-EL.KADER, the authority of
ROSAS has strengthened and extended on the ignorant
fanaticism of his followers. The only means of re-
generating such a people, and of inoculating such a
Government with the wholesome and beneficent
principles of civilisation, are very different from those at
present adopted. Example, and that example
enforced by continual intercourse, would be efficacious
where all the broadsides of all the men-of-war in the
British fleet would prove ineffectual. The tutorship
of mercantile transactions would effect everything
where the tutorship of our bellicose implements
has effected nothing. It is for these reasons
that we are most solicitous for the cor-
roboration of the above-mentioned intelligence, and
for the triumph of Mr. HOOD'S negotiations.
Were we to aspire with sincerity after the improve.
ment of our commercial relations with South
America, and after the social and political
advancement of other nations, our present
policy towards the population of the territories ad-
jacent to the River Plate would be immediately for-
saken, a more enlightened one adopted, a fruitful
field would be re-opened to European commerce, and
a debased population would be extricated from an
abyss of ignorance.

In our columns of yesterday we inserted a letter
from Mr. JAMES STEWART entitled "A Few Words
to the Members of Agricultural Societies and others
interested in Land." Mr. STEWART, is a conveyancer
and equity draughtsman, and of long standing in his
profession. As a legal author, he has for some time
been favourably known to forensic students, and in
the nature of real property, its incidents and intri-
cate subtleties, has long been intimately versed.
The style and the matter of his letter are equally
deserving of commendation. At this moment there
is peihaps no subject of deeper import to the public
than that to which the attention of the landed interest
has been revived by Mr. STEWART, and certainly
there is no class of men who, in consequence of their
past follies, stand more in need of advice than the
proprietors of the soil at large. Let them take heed
in time. The drift of Mr. STEWART'S recommenda-
tions is, that as " we are to have free trade in the
produce of the land, let us also have free trade
in the land itself." The suggestion is at
once wholesome and seasonable. Two things, how-
ever, stand in the way of this desirable reform—the
ridiculously entangled state of our law, and generally
the sordid prejudices of the owners of the land. We may
indeed enumerate two other impediments—the want
of common sense on the part of the agricultural gen-
, try, as evinced by them in all matters where their
own interests are peculiarly and largely concerned,
and also the indisposition which, from a narrow-
minded spirit, lawyers of experience, ability, and
eminence have almost universally manifested towards
undertakings to remove the glaring evils engendered
by bad laws, through the prevalence of which they
themselves have acquired enormous wealth and ulti-
mate distinction. Lawyers proverbially make bad
statesmen. There have been exceptions, brilliant,
though rare. The legal reforms effected within
the last twenty years, it is not to be
denied, have been great ; but the reflec-
tion of how much remains to be done, in ac-
cordance with the enlightenment of the present
age, and especially in reference to real property, the
vast substratum of all wealth, is felt to be disgraceful
to us as a civilised country. But, even with respect
to the salutary changes we have already secured, for
how much, if not almost to the whole of them, are
we not indebted to one living man Lord
BROTJGHAM ? To his celebrated speech in the Com-
mons •of seven hours' duration, and its legitimate
fruits, must we look back as the immediate source
of the luminous changes we have wrought, as well
in the administration of the law as in the law itself.
The opposition, however, which was offered to these
different measures was notoriously violent, and ema-
nated chiefly from the members of the legal profes-
sion. The same interested opposition we must
expect to have to encounter whilst endeavouring to
carry further legal measures of unquestioned im-
portance to the well-being of the State. It is an
unfortunate circumstance that the different legal
institutions in this country can concentrate their
forces with considerable influence to thwart any well-
devised scheme for purifying the law of many of
its objectionable features, and have frequently
in this way stayed the march of legal
reform. Lord BuouGHAINI has certainly well
repaid the nation for the honours and
affluence he has acquired by the spirited
manner in which he has purged our statutes
of numerous cruel anomalies, Lord CAMPBELL, too,
since he has joined the Upper House, has made
laudable efforts to mark his gratitude to his country
in the same way. But how many eminent judicial
statesmen have passed away without even attempting
to do the like gcod, and in matters where they were
most fitted to take the lead ; and are there not a few
still living from whom the country has a right to
look for the initiation of measures for sweeping off
the crudities of feudalism which infest our laws re-
lating to land ? It is not too late for them to act in
a becoming and patriotic spirit, and the present is a
fitting opportunity. The manufacturing, commercial,
and every other interest has rapidly advanced, whilst
the landed interest has remained almost stationary,
One of the chief reasons for this is, that the former
have always been able to push their interests by
having readily-available securities at command, whilst
the latter have been debarred, in a great measure,
from doing the same, owing to the cumbrous
machinery incidental to the sale, purchase, mod.

gaging, or transmission of land. No other country
in Europe suffers as we do in this respect. It behoves
us to assimilate our laws to theirs, which are simple

and efficacious.
Mr. STEWART conceives that we should endea-
vour to remedy the evils on which he felicitously
expatiates, by obtaining—
" 1. Simplicity and uniformity of tenure.
" 2. Easy, cheap, and expeditious modes of transfer.
" 3. Shorter and more simple deeds.
" 4. A greater certainty as to time in completing the
sale and mortgage of land.
" 5. Some mode of shortening inquiry as to title."
With the view of compassing these objects, he
proposes—

" 1. A general map of the country should be made.
This exists in every civilised land, and greatly facili-
tates and simplifies all dealings with land. Several re-
cent investigations, as the tithe commutation, the en-
closure of commons, and in Ireland the ordnance survey,
will be found serviceable as to this. A state map would
assist other changes, but it would be exceedingly useful
as a measure by itself.
" 2. A general registry of titles should be established.
This will, when once it comes into effectual operation,
shorten both deeds and title. This also exists in every
other civilised country, and even in an imperfect form in
Scotland and Ireland.

" 3. Proper consideration should be given to the whole
subject by competent and unprejudiced persons em-
ployed by Government."
We hope these valuable suggestions will not be
lost sight of, particularly by the Government. We
foresee that much of selfish and purblind resistance
will be given to any endeavour to remodel our pre-
sent vicious system ; but our former success in such
matters should inspirit our legislators to brace them-
selves to the task, and we are quite certain that if
they will but prosecute it with ardour, every diffi-
culty will be vanquished, and a lasting boon conferred
upon the country.

The example first set by the Earl of ERNE, in
making reductions of the rent payable by certain
classes of his tenantry, according to a graduated scale,
and thus participating in the loss occasioned by the
general calamity, has, we are happy to say, been
followed by many noblemen and gentlemen, the
owners of land in Ireland. As yet, however, these
reductions have chiefly taken place in the north of
Ireland, and on estates where the occupiers were more
comfortably circumstanced, and better enabled to
meet the deficiency than in other and less favoured
parts of the country ; indeed, when we consider the
enormous weight of the charges and encumbrances
affecting the larger proportion of the property
throughout the kingdom, the interest on which may
fairly be calculated to absorb half the entire rental, it
will be manifest that we cannot look for a general
voluntary reduction being made by the proprietors of
the soil; the great majority will be unable, while
some few, who have already attained an unenviable
notoriety, from the harsh manner in which they have
acted towards their people, and their adoption of the
heartless and cruel "clearing system," will be un-
willing so to do. On such persons the force of public
opinion will have little effect; they view everything
through a distorted medium, and cannot understand
how their conduct, " in doing as they will with their
own," has merited the censure and the odium so
universally felt towards them. We believe, however,
that such persons form the exception to the general
rule. In the vast majcrrity of cases it is the poverty
and not the will of the landlords that compels them
to the oppressive proceedings, which are alike in-
jurious to their own characters and to the welfare and
prosperity, the peace and tranquillity of the districts
in which their properties are situated. Whatever
may be the exciting cause, whether proceeding from
evil dispositions or the pressure of poverty, the effects
are the same : the duties incidental to their pro-
perties are neglected, and the population thereof
may suffer all the miseries of famine and destitution,
unless the State interferes in their behalf and secures
them that to which they are undoubtedly entitled—a
provision out of the lands on which they are located.
The loss on agricultural produce during the
present year, by reason of the potato disease, has
generally been calculated at ten millions of pounds
sterling, nearly five-sixths of the entire rental of
Ireland. The distress thereby occasioned is greatly
aggravated by the fact that it is the food of the
poorer and more impoverished part of the people that
has been destroyed, and that it will take a still larger
amount of money to provide them with provisions 01
a different and more expensive description than that
they have lost. Any isolated exertions, however
great and meritorious they might be, must be quite
insufficient to meet the emergency, and, accordingly,
the Labour-rate Act was passed, which provided for
the employment of the people on public works, to be
presented for in the different baronies, and fairly
chargeable on all the lands therein.
Two great defects, however, existed in this measure.
It could scarcely be supposed that it would be perfect
in its details, brought in as it was at the fag end of
the se.ssien by a Ministry just installed in office and
overwhelmed with the weight of business cast upon
them. It cannot be doubted that their intentions
were good, and that they were actuated by the most
sincere desire to relieve the existing distress in the
least objectionable manner. The wisdom and decision
of the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, sanctioned as it
must have been by the Ministry of this country,
removed the first and principal objection. his Ex-
cellency found that in many of the baronies, indeed,
the greater proportion, it would be impossible to find
public works on which it would be expedient or be-
neficial to expend money sufficient to afford adequate
employment for the people, and he therefore declared
himself ready to sanction such works of a repro-
ductive character as might be presented for at sessions
and approved of by the Board of Works.
The second great defect in the Act was, that it fell
with equal weight on the proprietor who fully dis-
charged his duty and gave employment sufficient for
the people belonging to his lands, as on the man who
totally neglected that which be ought to have done.
The liberal landlord was taxed for the faults of his
less worthy neighbour, and was burdened with the
support of those who ought exclusively to be pro-
vided for by the other. This was clearly inequitable
and unjust. If all were bound to pay alike, it be-
came the interest of every man to send his labourers
to the public works to which he was bound to con-
tribute, when no allowance was made for his own
expenditure. A step in the right direction was taken
by his Excellency when he directed that useful "and
profitable works to be executed in each electoral
division might be presented for to the
amount of its proportion of the assess-
ment ;" the principle was thereby recognised,
but it was not, as we conceive, carried sufficiently
far. We think that every owner of land, if willing
to give employment to the quantity of labour fairly
chargeable thereon, should be entitled to select for
himself the manner of that employment. The State
has a right to impose on the land the duty of pro-
viding a certain quantity of work, but it should in-
terfere with the rights of property only so far as ne-
cessity and the welfare of the nation required. .As we
have repeatedly urged, a labour rate should be im-
posed on all landed property sufficient for the remu-
neration of the people requiring employment, and a
drawback should be allowed for the actual amount
paid for labour by the person chargeable. If he pro-
vides the entire amount actually and bond fide, he
should have nothing to pay—if a portion, he shotild
be required only to pay the balance between that
payable and the sum he has so expended.
he principle appears just and easy of
application. It is now nearly six weeks
since we have impressed it on our readers, and we
are rejoiced to find that it is gaining support
throughout the country. Captain Rontesore, a de-
puty-lieutenant and justice of the peace for the
county of Westmeath, in which he is the owner of
large estates, has recently written a most excellent
and sensible letter to the Chief Secretary of Ireland
on the subject, in which he urges its adoption with
sound good sense and much ability. It is fortunate
when gentlemen of his station and character de-
vote themselves to the consideration of such subjects,
and it is because we conceive that a National Com-
mittee of Irish landowners meeting in Dublin would
tend to bring forward such suggestions that
we have heartily advocated its formation.
We commend Captain ROBINSON'S letter to the
consideration of the Executive and the public gene-
rally, and we are sure that it will carry conviction
wherever it is attentively read and maturely consi-
dered.

There have teen some food riots at Berne, origi-
nating in, the prejudices of the working men of that

canton against forestallers. These ignorant persons,
like too many in other parts of the world, cannot be
made to understand that the forestaller is in fact the'
preserver from famine, and that if he is prevented
from buying up and storing provisions at the com-
mencement of the season, the consequence will be
that instead of a scarcity and dearness of provisions
extending over the whole season, we shall have, for a
month or two perhaps, comparative plenty and
cheapness, but afterwards absolute famine and starva-
tion. We do not imagine these riots likely to lead to
serious consequences. The Militia and Urban Guard
have been hitherto successful in their attempts to pre-
serve the public peace, and they are assisted by the
students, a most important body in every continental
university, and a body to which in general the in-
surgents would look for leaders. As they are against
the rioters, no doubt order will speedily be restored.
The following is an extract from a letter, dated Berne,
Oct. 17:—

" We have to-day had a species of riot which is with-
out example in this city. For a long time the lower
classes of the people have seen with a jealous eye the
inhabitants of the adjoining Cantons, and particularly of
Neufchatel and the Vaud, coming to purchase all their
provisions at our markets ; and as the most material
articles became dearer, general murmurs arose, although
they were still abundant, and at prices lower than in the
neighbouring countries. Latterly, at a general meet-
ing of the working men, an address was voted to the
Government, desiring that measures should be taken to
prevent forestalling of provisions, and providing that no
purchases in the market itself should be allowed before a
certain hour. The Council, conceiving that this restric-
tion would be unconstitutional, and would probably have
an effect quite opposite to that which the petitioners ex-
pected from it, decided upon a non-compliance. At the
same time the Government took such other measures as it
deemed likely to prevent an exorbitant increase in the
prices of corn and other provisions, and to find employ-
ment for the poorer classes. The decision of the Coun-
cil being made known, a crowd assembled about ten this
this morning in the market-place, in consequence of a
woman who went to purchase her ordinary supply of
potatoes finding that a dealer had bought them all up.
The police magistrates interposed, and endeavoured to
calm the rage this fact excited. They were not listened
to, and finding that coercion was becoming necessary,
some 20 men of the militia were brought forward with
fixed bayonets. These, however, were insufficient to
awe the crowd, which increased every minute, and the
armed force was pelted, and driven out of the market-
place. The rioters then began to plunder two carts
laden with potatoes. One of the ringleaders was taken to
the guard house, but he was soon afterwards released by
his comrades, and carried off in triumph. The rioters then
invaded several bakers' shops, breaking their windows, but
their depredations were not otherwise of any great conse-
quence. A fringe and lacemaker, named Jecker, in the
Market-street, and who was supposed to be a partisan
of the Jesuits, was in great danger of being sacrificed,
but was saved by the timely intervention of some
courageous neighbours and a troop of students, after a
short battle with fists and staves. The greatest damage
was done in the grape-market, where all the boxes and
baskets were emptied and crushed, and the grapes
trampled under foot. At four o'clock another meeting
of the working men was held at Schuzenmatter, outside
the Arberg te, and a demand sent to the Council that
it should rescind its resolution of the precedino. day. But
this step produced no result, and the assemblage was
dispersed by the urban guard and the students armed
corps. It is expected that the rioters will re-assemble
to-morrow morning at ten o'clock, but measures are
taken to prevent any further disorder."

Madrid papers of the 16th have arrived.
The Eco del Comercio has been compelled to suc-
cumb beneath the heavy fines illegally imposed upon
it by the Government. It had not appeared for three
days. The amnesty had not yet appeared. Great dis-
satisfaction is expressed at this delay.
The policy of M. GVIZOT in Spain is already
producing its natural effect. So intense is the
hatred of the Spaniards for their Afrancesado
rulers, that in order to give vent to it, they
have proposed to raise a subscription to erect
a monument to commemorate the victory of
Baylen. The intention, as announced in the pro-
spectus, is "to erect a monument on the very spot
where General DUPONT, with more than 20,000
French, delivered up their arms to Gen. CASTANOS."
Senor SALAMANCA, the rich banker, is the treasurer,
and in the list of subscribers appear the names of
General Serrano, Cotoner, Portello, Manuel Concha,
Jose Concha, Cordova, Carninero, Ros .de Olano,
Domingues y Guevara, and Tello ; Conde de Zsldi-
vor, nephew of the Duke of San Lorenzo : Colonel
Ampudia, of the Carbineers, among military men ;
and among civilians the names of Senors Vahey,
Serafin Calderon, Pastor Diaz, and Zaragona, depu-
ties (three of the above generals are also deputies, and
two senators), Senors Sevillano, Pablo Collado, San-
tamarca, Bertram de Lis, Salvador Lopez, managing
director of the Bank of Isabel 11., and many other
barkers and eapatalists. llow will the Due DE MONT-
PENSIER act ? As the husband of the infanta of
SPAIN, he ought to subscribe largely to the fund;
as a Prince of France, he must feel such
a subscription, proposed at such a time, as an in-
sult, and an insult too which it is impossible
to resent, but for which he may thank the excessive
(cleverness of M. 13aEssoN and M. GUIZOT.

The Clamor Public° contains accounts from Por-
tugal to a later date than those we have hitherto re-
ceived. 's authority, and that of the new
Ministry
The QUEE N
scarcely extended beyond the walls of Lis-
bon. Everywhere in the northern provinces the
people were assembling to prevent by force of arms
the return of the Cabrals. Pelves and Campomayor
have already pronounced against the new Govern-
ment, and it is expected that every town in the north
of Portugal will follow their example.
The Madrid Bolsa was closed on the 16th.

We have received the Paris papers of Wednesday
From the following extract from the National, which
has shown itself particularly well informed on every
thing relating to the Spanish marriages, it will be
seen that Russia joins England in her protest against
the succession of the children of the Duke and
Duchess of MONTPENSIEIt to the throne of Spain
`ye are informed that the Charge d'Affaires of
Russia has communicated to M. Guizot a note from his
Government, the tenor of which is very disagreeable to
the Ministry. We are assured that the Cabinet of St.
Petersburgh declares that it has always regarded as
illegitimate and contrary to all treaties the changes
which have deprived Don Carlos and his children of the
throne of Spain. It cannot, therefore, enter into a dis-
cussion limited to what has passed on the subject of the
marriage of the Queen and her sister. The Cabinet of
St. Petersburgh, however, having received the commu-
nication of a diplomatic dispatch from England, in
which
ofare
the
reservationsjunior
against all aggrandise-
ment
of France (the note here gives an extract of
this dispatch), Russia thinks it right to join
her own reservations to those of England, and the case
occurring (le cas &heard) she will feel herself bound to
maintain according to ancient treaties the equilibrium of
the European powers. On the other hand, it is known
that Austria has not given its assent to the conduct of
M. Guizot ; that Government and the Prussian have
preserved up to the present time a complete neutrality,
at least as regards diplomatic relations. This situation,
which becomes more and more complicated, now causes
great embarrassment, and the means cf getting out of it
are sought fur. It has been attempted to overturn the
Whigs, but it is now known that this solution is impos-
sible ; the French Government has received from the
most influential Tories the most positive assurances of
their being perfectly agreed with Lord Palmerston in
this affair. Now, as the Whig Ministry will last, M.
Guizot must be sacrificed to it. Conferences between
England and M. Mole have been opened ; it is hoped
that an understanding will be come to ; all that is in
question is a few new concessions, base and unworthy of
France, and fatal to her interests."
It is evident that the Carlists are meditating some
coup in the northern provinces of Spain. The Journal
des Pyrenees Orientalcs of the 17th, gives the follow-
ing account of a hostile collision between a party of
Spanish refugees and a French military force—
" On the 15th, the authorities of Perpignan, having
received notice of the presence of about thirty Spanish
refugees on a farm about three leagues off, Captain
Faye proceeded to the spot with six gendarmes, fiticen
chasseurs, and twenty iniantry. The brigade of Salses
had already come up, and surprised the refugees at the
moment when they were about to commence their march,
and called uon them to surrender, but the refugees,
seven times more numerous than the gendarmes, instead
of obeying,
assumed the offensive, and, armed with
knives, sticks, and stones, surrounded the brigade,
exclaiming. in Spanish, We will rather die than
surrender.' The gendarmes thus attacked, at first made
use only of their swords, but the corporal who com-
manded them, finding himself hard pressed, at length
ordered them to fire. One of the refugees was shot
dead, another received a ball in the breast, and two re-
ceived sabre wounds. It was at this moment that the
detachment of Captain Faye arrived. The Spaniards,
who had perceived his approach, had, to the number of
seventeen, already surrendered. Eight others were dis-
covered in the ravines, and arrested. The two who had
received sabre wounds fled, but afterwards surrendered.
In the evening they were all brought to Perpignan, and
put
into prison. The two who received sword cuts are
sghtly injured, and the man who was shot in the breast
is expected to recover. The person killed was a sub-
lieutenant, named Puichagude.'
Accounts from Martinique state that Admiral DE
LA PLACE had concentrated the whole of the squadron
under his command off the coast of Mexico. The
squadron consists of five ships of the line, three
frigates, and two brigs.
The Con.stitutionnel has a long Articlo commenting

on the treaty of commerce between France and
Russia. It approves of the treaty itself, but con-
demns the Ministry for not having carried on the ne-
gotiations with greater activity, and for having
omitted to place the relations of the French ports in
the Mediterranean with the Russian ports of the
Black Sea, on the same footing as the relations be-
tween the ocean ports of the two countries. In the
same paper we find the following:—

" Vice-Admiral Dupetit Thouars has been called to
Paris by telegraphic dispatch, and had a long confer-
ence with the Minister of Marice, upon Which a tele-
graphic dispatch was immediately sent off to Brest with
positive instructions to be forwarded to the Governor of
the French establishments in Oceania. It is known that
several transports filled with troops and ammunition have
set sail for Oceania."

PAZIS BOLAISE, Ocr. 21.—The stock market has been
rather animated to-day, and closed, with much firmness,
a shade higher than yesterday, Threes having been last
called at 82f. 70c., and Fives at 117 f. 75c. The market
closed as follows :—Three per Cents. for Cash, 82f. 70c. ; for
Account, 82f. 70c.; Five per Cents. for Cash, 117 f. 80c ; for
Account, 117 f. 75c Bank of France Shares, 3,.180f.; Nea-
politan, 102 f. ; SpalPfsh, net quoted.
RAILWAYS. —The Share ➢larket has, on the contrary, been
rather depressed, and many of the lines are quoted lower.
For Cash—Paris and Orleans, 1,2501.; Paris and Rouen,
927 f. 50c. ; Rouen and It avre, 692 f. 50c. ; Avignon, 887 f. 50c. ;
Vierzon, 5901. ; Strasburg and Bale, 2251.; Northern, 685,. ;
Bordeaux, 551 f. 25c.; Moutereau, 360 f.; Fampoux, 4001.;
Paris and Lyons, 516 f. 25c. ; -eerie and Strasburg, 495 f.;
Nantes, 501 f. 25c.; Dieppe, 365 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANOE, OCTOBER 22.

Boulogne and Amiens, 14 —Direct Bombay and Madras,
Dutch Rhenish, sj—East Indian, —Great Western Bengal, %
Louvain A la Sambre, 1M —Luxembourg, 11/B—Northern of France
Constituted, 12 4-- Colleting and Bordeaux, 8 lA—Paris and Lyons
Constituted, 6%—l'aris and Rouen, 3614 Sambre and Meuse. 4S.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
The sales of Cotton in the Liverpool market yester-
day were 7,000 bales, 3,500 being American, on specu-
lation. The market was firm.—ln Shares there was not
much doing.
We have advices to-day to the 25th August from
the Cape of 'food Hope, that is, the eastern
portion of it. The skirmishes between the British troops
and the aboriginals continued as active as ever, but
there was not quite so much success in the fox aging
expeditions by the latter, and despite the circumstance
of our dragoons having found their operations greatly
impeded by the badness of the ground, there was reason
to hope that as the troops were better supplied with
provisions they would be enabled soon to obtain more
signal successes.
The trade of Port Elizabeth in the quarter ending the
sth July had employed 46 vessels of 8,615 tons, and the
total value of the exports was 104;3091.
The controversy upon the subject of the late conver-
sion of Mexican Stock seems to be losing none of its
animation or interest, end there is a decided apprehen-
sion that Santa Anna feeling his power, and
being so accustomed to exercise it to the fullest extent;
will utterly disregard any mere qualms of conscience,
and upset the late conversion. The system with nearly
every Government that has ruled the destinies of ill-
fated Mexico, has been to profit by her misfortune 3—
according to the good old Spanish model—whenever
its financial embarrassments became so urgent as to ne-
cessitate further tinkering to extort from the
creditors renewed sacrifices, and from the Republic a
handsome sum for the private purposes of those in
power. The late conversion afforded no such opportu-
nity to Santa Anna and his minions, and so the conduct
of Mr. Murphy, the Mexican envoy, who has in every
respect acted up to the spirit, and as regards the letter
also of his instructions, is now impugned, that a new
.conversion job may be perpetrated, that will fleece a little
more the bandied creditors, and yield something to state
paupers besides.
There is an unpleasant rumour in circulation respect-
ing the credit of a house of some standing in the City.
Although we should feel it our duty to exercise the
usual circumspection in this matter, and to make every
possible inquiry before entering more specifically into
it, we find the unfortunate affair too well known to
admit of doubt, and may, therefore, state at once that
we allude to the firm of Jeremiah Harman.
The value of the Public Securities is still rather droop-
ing, but a e have not to notice any particular alteration
in prices since yesterday. Consuls have been 944 for
present transfer, and 94i to 95 for time. The premium
on Exchequer bills is 16s. The New Three-and-a-
Quarter per Cents. have been quoted 951 I.
There is very little speculative business doing in
the Foreign House, and the quotations have exhibited no
buoyancy. Spanish Bonds are nominal. Portuguese
Four per Cents. are 411 to-42/. Mexican Stock is much
the same, being 22:41 to 23, and Grenada is 231. Bra-
zilian Five per Ceats. are worth 86 ; Dutch Two-and-a-
Half per Cents. are 584 to 59,-k.
Railway Shares are quiet, but steady. Birmingham and
Oxford have been in favour during the last day or two,
on account of a reported favourable arrangement with
the North-Western. They have touched 61-, to-day.
BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 933% Ya
3 per Cent. Consols Anns 943A 74,
New 314 per Cent. Annuities
Long Annuitiem, Expire sth Jan. 1860 9 13-16 15-16
South Sea Stock
Ditto New Annuities
Consols for Nov. 26
Exchequer Bills. 13/ d. IU,Lt.
I,OOW.
1 RICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent B6
Equador Bonds 314
Granada, 1 per Cent. . . 2034
Ditto Deferred
Mexican Bonds, 1846, 5 per Cent —
Ditto for the Account 223/4 23
Portuguese 4 per Cents
Ditto for the Account
Russian Bonds. 1822, 5 per Cent llll4
Venezuela Bonds, 2 per Cent 4l
Ditto Deferred ...
Dividends on the above payable in Loudon.
Belgian 4% per Cent 97
' Dutch 2% per Cents
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates .. 91%
BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK
RAILWAYS. PAID. rEZ SHARE.
Aberdeen
Amber., Notting., Boston, &c. 2% 2701... to
Armagh,Colera,ne, &Portrush 1% — to
Aylesbury and Thame l% to

Belfast and Ccunty Down .. 4.3/1- .. ..
Bi nungham and Gloucester.. 100 -
Do. New (iss. at VA dis.). 1714......
Birmingham & Oxford June... 2
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and
Cheshire Junction 23% — ..... to
Boston, Stamf , & Binning... 225.
Bristol and Exeter
Do., New
Bristol and Gloucester
Bristol and Liverpool June... 21; to
_ ... . _.

Buckinghamshire.. ......... ... 84;.
Caledonian
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Extension
Cambrian and Grand Janet.. 425.
Chester and Holyhead... 271/2 to
Churnet and Blythe
Chester and Manchester 425.
Cheltenham and Oxford
Clydesdale Junction 2O ......
Cork, Blackrock, & Passages 225. —
Cork and Killarney
Cork and Waterford ll/2 to
Cornwall
Ditto, Half Shares
Cornwall and Central Devon 2% l% to
Derby and Crewe 2% to
Direct Lincoln, East Retford,
and Sheffield Junction 2%
Direct Northern ...... 2%...... .....• to
Direct Norwich 1
Dublin and Belfast Junction.. 10 - ...... to
Dublin, Belfast, & Coleraine 21A — ...... to
Dublin and Galway
Dundalk and Enniskillen ... 10
Eastern Counties l4l. 16s 21%%... to
Do. New ..
Do. Perpet., 5 per ct. No 1,6/. 13s. 4d...
Do., d 0....... N 0.2,6/. 13s. 4d... %p to
Do., York Extension ...... 2 ...... —'to
East Dereharn and Norwich 1
Eastern Union ............ 35 — to
Ditto, Quarter Shares
Do. Extension to Harwich 1% • — to
Do. Cambridge and Ely ... 21/2 to
East Lancashire
Ditto, New 5 — to
East Lincolnshire ... ... 11/4 ---- _ to
East and West of England... 1% ...... to
Edinburgh and Glasgow 5O
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12%
to

• AI
Edinburgh and Northern ... 10 ..... 10
Edinburgh and Perth .... a

,g--
Ely and Huntingdon ... ...... 71/ ...... 64 to
Enniskillen and Sligo -- 22 — to
Exeter, Yeovil, & Dorchester 514 — to
Glasgow, Kilmarnock, & Ayr 50 ...... -
Ditto, New
Do. LA Shares (5 per ct. gua.) 121 ..... .. -
Glouc., Aberystwith, and Cen.
'of Wales
Goole,Doncaster,Sheffid., &c. 42s ... .. to
Grand Union (Nott. & Lynn) 1% ••• •• to
Great Eastern and Western... 2% — ..... to
Great Grimsby and Sheffield 10
Gt. South. & West. (Ireland) 271/ 29% to
Great Munster
Great North of Scotland 2%
_ ...

Great North of England 100 ..... 236% to
Ditto, New
Ditto, New ... 15 ... .. 55 .. ... to
Ditto, New ll/2.- ..... to
Great Western
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Quarter Shares
Ditto, Fifths
Do. New
Hull and Selby 5O ...... ... .. to
Ditto, Quarter Shares „ 121/2 to
' Ditto Half Shares
Ipswich & Bury St. Edmunds 111/2 ...... to
1)o. do. and Norwich 2l/2 to
Killarney Junctions l4 — ...... to
Kendal and Windermere ll/2 ...... .... • to
Lancaster and. Carlisle
Do. New 5 ...... 104...... to
Larne, Belfast, & Ballymena 425....,..
...... to
Leeds and Bradford 3O .... •• ••• to
Leeds and Carlisle ...... 2% . — to
Leicester and Birmingham... 225. — ...... to
Leicester and Bedford 22s.
Leeds and Dewsbury ...... 221/2 to
Liverpool, Manchester,... and
Newcastle Junction ....... ... 21/2 ll/s4— to
Liverpool and Bury l4
London & Blackwall...l6/. 13s. 4d.......
Do. New . 3 — to
Do. Extension 7% — to
Loud., Bright., & South Coast 50 ......
pp. Fi4l 4

London and Croydon...l3/. 15s. 9d. 2214 to
• Do. Cuaranteed 5 per Cent. 9 . 93/4 to
London and Greenwich... 12/. I ss. 4d... 9% to
Ditto Preference ........181 17s 2d...
London,Hounslow.&Western 2 . to

London'and North Weftern..loo 1994 to --
Do. Quarter Shares
Do. do. New .......... ...... 2
Do. do. Fifths

Do. Eighths G. J. 121
Do. New Quarters ...G. J. 5
Do. W. Shares.. .L. &M. 8

London and S. Western—. 41/.63.10d. 71%...... to
Do.NewconsolidatedBths.. 40
Ditto New ...... 22%..... 311/11;4... to 31
Do. New . . 18
_

London and York...
Ditto Half Shares -
London and Windsor ...

London, Salisbury, & Yeovil 21
Lon dcnderry and Coleraine... 121/2 — to
Londor_derry and Enniskillen 124 ...... to

Lynn anti Ely
Lynn and Dereham '
Manchester and Leeds B2 .....
Ditto half Shares - 38 ...... ...... to
Dittc Quarters
Dittc FifthsL 3
o,
Ditto B:xteentlis ... ..... ... VA — to
Do. Extension
ManchestPr and lilrmiLghant 40
Ditto Quarters (A)
Ditto Quarters (13) ... 5

Ditto Quarters (())
_1

Manch. Buxton, & Matlock 425. — p to
lanchestet,Birrningliam, and
MouldJ unction
Manchesterand Southampton 2
Midland lOO .....135% to 137
Ditto Fifths
Ditto, New 24 ...... 351 A% .. to
Midland. Birm., and Derby 100 ...... to

Midlat:d and Eastern Counties 251

to Midld. Great Western (Irish) 15 -
Newcaale and Berwick
Do No ith Shield.
Newcastle and CarlislA lOO ......
Newmarket and Chesterford 21. 12s l4 p... to
Newport and Abergavenny. . 21,E —
Newry and Enniskillen ...... 4% — to
Newark, Sheffield, and Boston 1%......
N.orfolk
Do. Half Shares
Ditto Extension
North British
Ditto Half Shares..
Ditto Fifths
Do. Quarters ll/1 3 Ili to
Ditto, Extension
50
Nerthern and Eastern

Ditto Scrip (iss, at 5 dis.)... 45,

Ditto Quarter Shares
Ditto New

North Staffordshire ..... 425.
North Wales 3% ....
North. & South. Connecting 2%. ....
Northampton, Banbury, and
Cheltenham ... .. ..... 2
Oxford, Worcester, and Wol-
verhampton
Oxfd., Witney, & Cheltnham 1%......

Portsmouth Direct
Preston and Wyre

Ditto, Half Shares .. OA — to
Reading, Guildford,& Reigate Si. 125.... dis. to
Richmond ls
Royston and Hitchen
Rugby and Leamington
Scottish Central -
Scottish Midland .. ....... ... 12% — to
Sheffield, Buxton, Leek Pot-
teries, and Crewe l% ..... to
Sheffield and Manchester —lBO — to
Ditto 4 Shares 8
Do. and Lincolnshire J unct. 1%......
Do. and Great Grimsby ... 10
Do. do. do. Extension... 425.
Shrewsbury and Birmingham 3 ......

Shropshire Union v 425.
Shrewcbury, Wolverhampton,
and S. Statiordsh. Junction 2% — ...... to

Sligo and Shannon
South Devon ....... ......... 35 -
South Midland 425......
South and Midlands Junction 425.
South Staflbrdshire Junction 21/2 — to
South Eastern and Dover ... 33% — to
Ditto, New, No. 1
Ditto, New, No 9
Ditto, New, No. 3
Ditto New, No. 4.
St. Alban's, Hatfield, and
Hertford Junction
Staines and Richmond........ 1 . ... to
Staffordshire and Shropshire 2% — to
South Wales
Swans. and Loughor and Ca-
meron's Stm. Coal ...... ... .. 2
Taw Vale Extension
Tring, Beading, & Basingstoke 514 — to
Vale of Neath
Wakefield, Pontefract, and
Goole
Warwickshire and London... 425. —
Warwick and Worcester 425....... ...... to
Waterford and Kilkenny 8
Waterford and Limerick ... .. 22%... ..
Waterford,Wexford,Wicklw,
and Dublin
Wexford, Waterford, and
Valenta
Waveney Valley
... ... _. . ••• •••

Welsh Midland 2% — to

West Riding Union 4tisi
West Cornwall
West London, Old Shares ... 20

Wexford and Carlow -
Wisbeach and St. Ives
Wilts,Somerset,&Weyntouth 10 ...... 31;2 to
Worcester,Warwick,& Rugby 42.;
York and Carlisle 2% to
York and _Newcastle 25 42,4 to 42
Ditto, New
York and North Midland .. 50 -
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Scarboro' Branch
, Ditto, Selby
Ditto. Extension
Ditto East and West Riding
Extension
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.
Anglo-Belgian
Barbadoes
Boulogne and Amiens l6 ... 14% to
Bordeaux and Mediterranean 2 -
Bordeaux, Toulouse, & Cette
(Mackenzie's)
Bordeaux. Toulouse, & Cette
( Espelete's)
Calais, Dunk, & W. Flanders 2
Calcutta & Diamonel Harbour 7s. -
Callao, Lima, & Pacific Coast I
Central of Spain
Ceylon .... ss.
Demerara. -
Dendre Valley -
Direct Bombay and Madras ss. .... •
Dutch Rhenish
East Indian ... .
Eastern Belgian Junction.. .. 21AY -
Fampoux and Hazebrouk..... 4

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