The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-23 00:00:00

NEWTON RACES.-WEDNESDAY.

The Trial Stakes of 10 sOys. each, and 20 added. One
mile and a quarter. No race—only Lightning and Pantasa

entered.

Sweepstakes of 20 soya. each, h. ft., with 50 added. Two miles.
Mr. Meiklanfs Lightning, 5 yrs, 9st 31b walked over
Match, 200, h. ft., Bst 71b each, Golborne Course—Sir J.
Gerard's New Year's Day, 2 yrs (Nat), beat Mr. L. Brookes'
c by Tory Boy, out of sister to Maria, 2 yrs.
The Lyme Park Produce Stakes of 50 soya. each, h. ft. One
• mile and a quarter. (2 Subs.)
__ _

Mr. Gulley's Mendicant, Bsi 31b - walked over
The Gold Cup of 100 sous., with 100 soya. added by the Lord
of the Manor to a Handicap of 20 sous. each, 10 ft., and

5 only if declared. Two miles and a distance.
Mr. Clarke's f. by Tomboy, out of Lapwing, 3 yrs (Irvine) 1
Lord Chesterfield's Lady Wildair, 4 yrs
Aristotle, Cceur de Lion, Little Hampton, Comical Boy,
and Master Stepney, also started, but were not placed.

THE CAUSE OF HOT AND COLD

SUMMERS.

Dr. Ryan, the able professor of chemistry to the
Polytechnic Institution, in his lecture on Wednesday
last, made some observations on the equalisations of
temperature by atmospheric and marine currents, which
are not only interesting in themselves but also of vast
importance as guides to the prognostication of future
weather. The Doctor having shown that in the atmos-
phere there are always two currents of air passing in
opposite directions and at different altitudes—the upper
or heated stratum passing from the equator to the poles,
and the lower or cold air from the poles to the equator,
thus regulating the distribution of temperature over the
earth—proceeded to prove that in the mighty ocean
itself .we have precisely the same important conditions
pre.ent. It is well known that heated matter expands
and becomes lighter, while matter under the influence of
cold contracts and becomes heavier. The water on the
surface of the ocean becomes cooled down by two causes
—first, by abstraction of heat owing to the floating ice
passing from the nortb ward. Now the cooled water
being rendered denser sinks and forces to the surface
other portions of warmer water, which again com-
municates heat to the air passing o►er it. The
cool water spreads itself at the bottom of the sea
and flows towards the Equator. producing compensating
currents in opposite directions. Thus the ocean tends
to regulate the temperature of the eartti, moderating
the heat of the torrid .and the cold of the frigid zones.
Every seaman is aware that the Gulph Stream is an
example of these compensating currents ; and Dr. Ryan
stated that he had met many naval officers who had
ascertained the possibility of steering through the Gulph
Stream merely by dipping a thermometer in the water.
Dr. Ryan proceeded, in the next place, to explain cer•
tain meteorological conditions which have not before
been noticed. Thus it was always possible, late in the
winter, or very early in the spring, to prognosticate the
heat or coldness of the succeeding summer, by ascer-
taining the comparative amount of new ice formed in
the northern latitudes, even as low down as Russia
and Sweden. It seems that the coldness and wetness
of our summers is influenced by the quantity of new
i-e which, during the heat of that season, is continually
liberated from northern waters, and as it flows towards
the equator with the supernatent current cools down the
waters of the ocean as well as the wind passing over its
surface, and thereby condenses the atmospheric moisture,
producing rain, and otherwise reduces the temperature of
the atmosphere throughout many of the European lati-
tudes. Dr. Ryan is confirmed in this opinion, by the
fact, that the hot summers here for many years have
been proceeded by winters in which scarely any new ice
was formed in the high northern latitudes. This was
the case last winter, and also in the winter preceding
the summer of 1842, while on the contrary cold and
damp summers have always ,succeeded winters giving
much new ice.

If this be true it is a discovery of immense importance
to the agriculturist, enabling him at an early period to
take those precautions necessary for his welfare.

THE ROYAL CHRISTENING.

The Lord Chamberlain, by her Majesty's command, has
issued invitations for a grand banquet at Buckingham
Palace, on Saturday next, in honour of the baptism of the
infant Princess.

The royal invitations to the banquet are confined to the
principal members of the Government, and the Duke of Nor-
folk, and the chief officers of State.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Gloucester, the
Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the Hereditary Grand
Duke and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz, the
Duchess of Kent, and Prince George of Cambridge, and his
Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen, are to dine with
her Majesty and the Prince Consort on the auspicious oc-
casion.

It is probable that the King and Queen of the Belgians
may arrive in this country in the course of the week, ex-
pressly to be witnesses at the solemnity.
The baptismal ceremony will be performed in the royal
chapel at Buckingham Palace, when his Grace the Ara-
bishop of Canterbury wilt officiate. •
We hear that the distinguished personages honoured with
invitations are to assemble at the Palace at half-past six
o'clock, and the christening is to take place previous to the
banquet.
Her Majesty will have an evening party after the banquet,
the Lord Chamberlain having caused cards of invitation to
be issued to above three hundred personages of distinction.
The hour appointed for the company to assemble is men-
tioned on the cards to be half-past nine, and that the com-
pany be in full dress.

DEATH BY DROWNINO.—OR Saturday last, the 18th
inst., Gentleman Cadet Charles C. Hulbert, of the Royal
Military College, was drowned while bathing, being, with
one exception (namely, death by a chance blow), the only
case of fatal accident which has occurred since the first
establishment of the College, in 1802—a period of 44 years.
The coroner's inquest returned a verdict of " Accidentally
drowned," founded on the facts brought forward in evidence,
namely, that the bathing-pond is very shallow; that it was
frequently visited during the bathing hours by the orderly
officer and sergeant; and that the utmost and most perse-
vering exertions were employed by the surgeon of the insti-
tution for a period of nearly three hours to restore animation.
A ROMANTIC DWELLING.-111 the cliffs on the other
side of Hastings (about a couple of minutes' walk from the
town) an Irishman has made himself about as romantic a
dwelling-place as it is possible to conceive. The cliffs here
are more than 100 feet above the sea. Rather more than
half-way up there is a small ledge, below which it is perpen-
dicular; but it is accessible by a side path. Above, the
cliffs again rise perpendicularly. It is this ledge that the
Irishman chose for his habitation. Scooping out the sand in
the face of the cliff, he made an arched cell, where he lives
with his wife and an adopted child—a cripple, but a very intel-
ligent boy. The man gains a livelihood by breeding rabbits,
squirrels, &c., and by the contribution of visitors to this
strange abode. Among the latter are a good many artists,
and Landseer spent three days on the spot, in sketching it
and the surrounding scenery.—Brighton Herald.
EXTRAORDINARY RECOVERY AFTER A BROKEN BACK.
—During the month last past a fine athletic young man, re-
siding at Hartshay, near Heage, met with a severe injury
of the back from a heavy mass of coals falling upon him
whilst at work in a pit belonging to C. V. Hunter, Esq, of
Kilburne Hall. He was visited very soon after the accident
by David Evans, Esq., surgeon, Belper, who pronounced it
to be a fracture of the spine. A fracture bed on the double
inclined plane was forwarded as speedily as possible; and
an ingenious kind of strait waistcoat, with pulleys, &c.,
was prepared by a saddler under the immediate direction
of Mr. Evans. Powerful extension was made, which gave
immediate relief to the part affecied. No untoward symptom
occurred, and we are credibly informed that the man has
already returned to his duties in the pit.—This case is pro-
bably unprecedented in the annals of surgery.—DerbyMercury.
We understand that Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Adam,
K.C.8., will not leave Blair Adam, his seat in Scotland, for
seven or eight days, to take his seat at the Admiralty Board.
The plan of the retirement is occupying the close attention
of their Lordships, but it will necessarily be four or five
weeks after the arrival of Sir C. Adam before it will be coin-
' pleted.

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