The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-03 00:00:00

tronin

LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY 3, 1846.

THE NEW MINISTRY.

The following are the principal appointments in the
new Ministry :

IN THE CABINET.

Lord Chancellor ...... Lord COTTINHAM.
President of the Council Marq. of LANSDOWNE
Lord Privy Seal
Home Office Sir G. GREY.
Colonial Office Earl GREY.
Foreign Office . Visct. PALMERSTON.
First Lord of the Treasury Lord J. RUSSELL.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Mr. CHABLIS WOOD.
Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster Lord CAMPBELL.
Paymaster-General Mr. MACAULAY.
Woods and Forests
Postmaster-General Marq. CLANRICARDE.

Board of Trade Earl of CLARENDON.
Board of Control Sir J. C. HOBHOUSE
Chief Secretary for Ireland Mr. LADOUCHERE.
Admiralty Earl of AUCKLAND.
NOT IN THE CABINET.

Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland... Earl of BESBOROUGII
Commander-in-Chief
Master-General of Ordnance Marq. of ANGLESEY.

Lord JOHN RUSSELL received visits this morning
from several of his political friends.

PRIVY COUNCIL.—No summonses for a Council
for the reception of the seals of office from the mem-
bers of the late Administration have yet been issued,
but it is expected that her MAJESTY will hold a
Privy Council on Monday next, when the new
Ministers will be formally installed into office by the
delivery of their respective seals.

Sir ROBERT PEEL is expected to arrive in town
on Monday next, from Drayton Manor, Staffordshire.

After an extraordinary existence of seven years
and nine months, the Anti-Corn-law League has been
dissolved ; constituted in the September of 1838, it
has ceased to exist in the July of 1846. Although
the word " conditionally" is introduced in the an-
nouncement of its dissolution yesterday, we
feel authorised to regard the career of this
wonderful association as altogether terminated,
because we coincide in the opinion so em-
phatically expres..ed by the illustrious representa-
tive of Stockport, who declared that " it would be as
well to attempt to abolish Magna Charta, or to do
away with trial by jury, or to repeal the Act for the

Emancipation of the Catholics, or to abrogate the

Reform Act itself, as to endeavour to re-enact the
system of corn-laws in this country." So impressed
are we by this: conviction that we cannot even picture
to ourselves the possibility of entertaining sentiments
of trepidation as to the ulterior and unrestricted
realisation of commercial freedom ; and that
not simply in wheat and barley, but in every com-
modity which human industry can cultivate or human
ingenuity devise. As rationally might an emanci-
pated prisoner dread the renewal of his captivity when
his manacles are shivered to atoms, his dungeon de-
stroyed, and his gaolers paralysed. It is, therefore,
with unmixed feelings of exultation that we be-
hold the disbandment of that mighty organisa-
tion, through the instrumentality of which the irk-
someness of monopoly and the grinding influences of

unnecessary taxation have for ever been removed from
the population of Great Britain. We behold its dis-
bandment with unmixe..l exultation, because it is the
most fitting guarantee that the greatest social refor-
mation of perhaps any century has been fully accom-
plished, and this without compromise, chicanery,
intimidation, or any 1„ of those vulgar weapons of
assault which are sometimes employed against a
constitution. In the annals of that memorable body
which has just consummated the object of its original
creation, one circumstance of its existence, one con-
comitant of its power, one illustrative phase of its
character, will ever assume to itself in the memory
of these stirring times an especial prominence and an
undecaying lustre. It will be seen and acknow-
ledged hereafter, that for the subversion of an in-
famous system, and for the substitution of one more

consonant with the dictates of morality and justice,
the whole armour of the League, both offensive and
defensive, was REASON. From the first unpropitious
meetings of the miniature junto of free-traders in that
miserable room at Manchester, when a " dingy little
red curtain was drawn across the chamber" to pre-
vent any chilling effects from being experienced, in
consequence of the paucity of the numbers present, up
to the final meeting of yesterday, the League has
ever persisted in that undeviating coarse of wisdom,
and sobriety, and consistency, and legality,
and thoughtfulness, and intellectual pertinacity,
the combination of which characteristics have left
this association without any parallel in the history of
nations, or in traditionary records of the people.
No eulogium, however grandiloquent, could exceed
the abstract merits of this remarkable body; but we
conceive that mere wordy panegyrics would be but
little in accordance with the principles by which
it has been throughout actuated, and through which
it should ever be contemplated. Its noblest enco-
miums are inscribed in the minutes of its proceed-

ings, in the dignified and rational eloquence of its
orators, in their unflinching earnestness, their inimit-
able integrity, and their exceeding disinterestedness.
Did we abandon ourselves to the utterance of
those emotions which animate both ourselves and the
population at large in speaking of VILLIERS, Bow-
RING, BRIGHT, WILSON, THOMPSON, but, above all,
in mentioning the name of RICHARD COBDEN, we
should be tempted to an extension of our remarks al-
together incompatible with propriety. Nor can
we induce ourselves to imagine than any ob-
servations of such a character are requisite, believing
as we do in that picturesque and beautiful truth
which was pronounced by the Member for Stockport,
that "though the body of the League will perish, its
spirit is abroad, and will pervade all the nations
of the earth." It has embued the whole woof of,
society with its tinge, it has inoculated the
community with a healthy abhorrence of legislative
injustice, whether social, commercial, or religious. It
has performed its lofty and onerous duties without
the bandying of a single vituperation, without
eliciting amongst the members of its association one
angry sentiment, without an eye to emolument or a
thought of extortion. It has revolutionised the coun-

try without shedding a drop of blood ; it has pursued
its solemn and triumphant course peaceful amidst the
storms and calm amidst the bickerings of furious and
relentless contention. Honour, then, to the manes
of the League, and honour to those noble patriots
who, by their oratory, their integrity, and their
bravery, have contributed so effectually to the realisa-
tion of free-trade measures. It is gratifying to ob-
serve the resolution of the Committee of the League
to present a testimonial of 10,0001. to Mr. GEORGE
IVInsoN, for the extraordinary exertions and abilities
which he has displayed throughout the existence of this
association as its chairman, to the detriment of his pri-
vate fortunes, and the incalculable advantage of the
League. Having thus far performed an act of com-
mon honesty in regard to one of our public bene-
factors, it remains to us to tender to a still loftier
patriot and a still more national and world-wide
benefactor a tribute of love, and veneration, and gra-
titude. One hundred thousand pounds are now in
course of being collected for presentation to Riatax,

COBDEN. Men of England ! remember his services--
they have been yours and the world's !

In consequence of the elevation of Lord FRANCIS
EGERTON to the earldom of Ellesmere a vacancy
has occurred in the representation of South Lan-
cashire. Nothing could by possibility have trans-
pired of a political character just at this remarkable
juncture more likely to arouse the interest and
arrest the attention of all classes throughout the
country than an election for any constituency; but
that interest and that attention are of a threefold
intensity now that the election occurs fn the very
centre of the hot-bed of the free-traders,
namely, in the greatest of the manufac-
turing districts. Every one will turn with a
peculiar anxiety to the nomination and the accept-
ance of the candidate, and this because through this
election of a representative may be discerned the sen-
timents with which the people regard the recent alter-
ations in the commercial code. It will be seen from
the principles advocated by the successful candidate
whether those changes are regarded with stolid indif-
ference—whether they have met with the approbatiol
or the indignation of the populace. If, indeed, this
moral experiment, by which the popular emotions will,
to a certain extent, be gauged—if, we say, this experi-
ment cannot be regarded as universally applicable to
the entire community, but simply as indicative of the
feelings rife in one quarter of the kingdom alone,
it will nevertheless continue to be a matter of extreme
importance to observe the results of the first experi-
ment. It will be the text from which we may very
rationally deduce the corollary. With regard to our-
selves, we entertain of course but a single
opinion as to the consequences of the approaching
county election ; we anticipate, as a sane mind can
alone anticipate, that the electors will eagerly avail
themselves of the opportunity here afforded them to
testify their gratitude for the glorious boon con-
ferred upon them by the Legislature ; and, as a
constitutional act, to return only such a can-
didate as coincides to the uttermost in the decision
of the most renowned statesman in existence, and the
most liberal-minded Parliament that has sat for years
within the walls of St. Stephen's. Already we re-
cognise the existence of the determination in
the enfranchised portion of the inhabitants
of South Lancashire. We recognise this in the
circumstance of the deputation which waited
upon a most respected and intelligent free-trader of
Liverpool, the deputation conveying to that gentle-
man requisitions from Liverpool and Manchester,
signed by upwards of 9,000 voters, requesting him
to become a candidate for the vacant seat. That re-
quisition was reluctantly acceddd to, and that candi-
date is Mr. WILLIAM BRowN, of Liverpool. A name
which has already acquired for itself a considerable
share of attention, and no inconsiderable portion of
respect, throughout Great Britain, from its frequent
recurrence in the reports of the monster
meetings at Manchester, in opposition to the
departed corn-laws, requires no prefix in the
shape of a complimentary adjective. Besides which,
the insignificant majority by which Mr. BROWN was
defeated upon a former occasion has rendered him a
familiar candidate amongst the Lancashire con-
stituency. From the letter which this gentleman
has addressed to the electors of the southern
portion of the county, we are, however, peculiarly
gratified to observe that a liberal policy towards Ire-
land is particularised as otie of his most cherished
principles. It is undoubtedly but an additional proof
that, now so many restrictions are removed from
commerce, our Legislators will have both lei-
sure and inclination to advance the interests
of that heretofore afflicted island. But,
beyond this, it betokens an inclination, on the part
of Mr. BROWN, to extend the liberality of his poli-
tical views beyond the frontiers of trade and beyond
the influences of the monetary department. In doing
so he has displayed his competency to represent such
a constituency as that of South Lancashire ; his
competency is, that he keeps pace with the onward
spirit of this generous and remarkable age, and that
he displays boldness as well as honesty in the expres-
sion of his political opinions. A noble tribute may
now be paid to the late Premier, Sir R. PEEL, to
Mr. CODDEN, and to the memory of the League.
This tribute will be a worthy expression of their
gratitude and of their satisfaction—it is none other
than the return of Mr. WILLIAM BROWN as their
representative.

We yesterday alluded to the report of the Select Com-
mittee on Railways of the House of Lords, so far as the
same related to the change contemplated in the standing
orders of both Houses, and entirely approved of the
suggestions offered for the diminution of expense,
and at the same time for affording a more direct and
better protection to the proprietors of properties
about to be interfered with, than that which they have
hitherto enjoyed. In this respect the improvement will
be entirely for the benefit of the promoters of the various
schemes, and of the owners of the lands interfered
with thereby. The next suggestion is, however, of
immeasurably greater consequence to the public at
large, as being calculated to put a stop to the gam-
bling in scrip, which has been carried on during the
past year to such a fearful extent, and to check the
unlimited projection of new lines of railway, which
were frequently got up, not merely for the purpose
of selling them to other companies with which
they might compete, as stated by the Corn-
tnittee in their report, but also for the mere
purpose of bringing out the scrip at a premium, so as
to allow a considerable profit to the managing com-
mittee, and to enable the solicitor to secure the pay-
ment of a large and exorbitant bill of costs, and to
provide a comfortable situation for some unemployed
gentleman as secretary. The history of the rise and
progress of the Great Glenmutchkin Railway, se
graphically delineated in the pages of Blachwood,
does not present an overdone picture of what has ac-
tually taken place in too many instances. Like the ra-
zors which were made not to shave but to sell, railways
were projected which were never for a moment in-
tended to be brought before Parliament, and the
only object of which was to secure a considerable
sum for the projectors from the pockets of the public.
In such cases it was easy to assure the public that
the gradients were easy, and the line presented no
engineering difficulties whatever ; viaducts exceeding
considerably the height of the monument, tunnels of
three or four miles in length were looked on as
matters of the most trivial consequence. The
prospectus was prepared with an exuberance of
fancy and a depth of colouring that east into the
shade the most glowing description from the pen of
GEORGE ROBINS, for while the latter should be, as
novelists term it, founded on facts, the railway pro-
jector scorned to be bound by any such vulgar tram-
mels, being well assured that a very small proportion
of the applicants for shares would seek any informa-
tion beyond that afforded by the prospectus, but,
blinded by the prospect of the large gains held forth,
would hasten to sign the forms of applica-
tion for shares. The men with capital, who
really sought an investment, were seldom
able to obtain an allotment, and could only become
interested by purchasing the letters of allotment at a
considerable premium in the market. When the
bubbles burst a general distrust and panic set in, and
the well-considered and prudent undertakings, by
which much public benefit would have been secured,
were involved in the ruin and the crash that ensued;
the very plans which had been intended to act as a
check to such speculation and a security to the
public, viz., the provisional registration and the
payment of a deposit, were found to have
had a contrary effect, the first giving, as atated by
the Committee, apparently the same importance and
foundation to a fraudulent scheme as to a sound one,
and the other affording to the projectors the means of
securing themselves against many of the liabilities
which they might incur in attempting to carry out,
for their own ends, the most worthless schemes—we
may add, and also giving them a fund, by the un-
principled and reckless use of which, in what was
termed rigging the market, they were enabled to
force the shares up to a premium, and thus to attain
the only object which induced them to take a part in
the proceeding.

The Committee have suggested two courses for the
purpose of correcting this evil,—the one to render
the sale of scrip before the regular formation of the
company invalid, and to require that the original
allottee should, either by himself, or, in the event of
his death or bankruptcy, by his representative, be
alone admissible as the shareholder until
after the first call shall have been paid—.

the other to legalise the transfer of scrip,
and to require, in every instance, a registration of
the purchaser, and his substitution in place of the
vendor. The Committee prefer the first of these
plans, and we think with justice. No one would
then venture to apply for shares unless he could afford
to lie out of the deposit for a considerable time, and
no project would obtain subscribers unless its chances
of success, and of yielding a fair return for the capital
to be expended in its construction, had been fully
investigated and inquired into.
The Committee have come to the conclusion, that
it is absolutely necessary that some department of the
Executive Government so constituted as to command
general respect and confidence should be charged
with the supervision of railways and canals, with full
power to enforce such regulations as may from time
to time appear indispensable for the accommodation
and general interests of the public. The vast im-
portance of the railways already made, or about to be
carried into execution, the large amount of capital in-
vested therein, and the great extent to which
the public are interested in the management thereof,
loudly demands the creation of such an authority,
which should be armed with sufficient power, and
responsible for its due and proper discharge. To
this board it is proposed that all propositions for any
railway scheme should, in the first instance, be sub-
mitted, with a genial statement of its objects and
advantages, together with such evidence of the capa-
bility and bona fide intentions of the promoters as
might be deemed a sufficient guarantee for them to
sanction further proceedings.
They might then, if they pleased, give an autho-
rity for the survey of the intended line, requiring
security by the deposit of a sum of money, as an in-
demnity for any injury that might be inflicted during
the progress of the survey.
On the completion of the plan and section, the
Board might enter into all the preliminary inquires
rendered necessary as to standing orders, important
in a public point of view, prazticability, interference
with private property, and the means which might be
adopted to obviate the objections of the proprietors
of land to be interfered with, &c. &c. The result of
these investigations might then be laid before Par-
lament, so as to save much time to the Legislature
and expense to the parties appl3 ing for Bills, without
any undue interference with the paramount
powers of Parliament and its sole adjudica-
tion as to the rights of property. bhould
these suggestions be carried into execution, many
valuable improvements will doubtless be effected
in the entire system of railways throughout the
country, and if the proposed Board should be con-
stituted, the Earl of DALHOUSIE, who has exhibited
such knowledge and judgment in all matters relating
to the railway business of the country, will, we doubt
not, be unanimously pointed out by public opinion as
its most fitting head.

Letters have been received from Rome which state
that the report of the death of Cardinal MicARA is
unfounded. He is still alive, although suffering
severely from illness. It appears that he was taken
so ill before entering the Conclave that he could not
proceed to the chapel where the ballot took place, but
gave his vote in his cell.

The States-General of Lower Austria met for the
first time on the 23d of June, at Vienna. The following
measures are to be submitted to their consideration :
—lst. The proper means to be adopted to put an end
to the obligatory service of the peasants. 2d. The
establishment of a rural police; and, 3d. The crea-
tion of provincial banks.

Madrid papers of the 26th have arrived. They
contain intelligence from Lisbon of the 22d. The
Miguelite rebels had been defeated and completely
dispersed by the troops sent against them. It was re-
ported at Madrid that the QUEEN would, in a short
time, visit either Barcelona or the Basque Provinces.
The Prince DE JOINVILLE, with the squadron
under his command, sailed, on the 23d, from Palma,
the capital of Majorca, for Tunis.
MADRID BoLsa, JUNE 26.—The Three per Cents.
closed at 334 for cash, and 331, for paper; the Five
per Cents. at 20 for paper; and the Debt without
Interest at 6i for cash.

We have received the Pins papers of Wednesday.
English questions continue exclusively to occupy the
attention of the French political writers. The Mi-
nisterial crisis is the general subject of comment, and
it is admitted on all hands that the task undertaken
by Lord JOHN RUSSELL 15 most difficult.
The Presse, without waiting for the publication of
the articles of the Oregon treaty, concludes that by
consenting to it, England has consented " to make a
sacrifice of interest and national vanity the most
humiliating that had ever been imposed on her inor-
dinate ambition !" The writer endeavours to throw
discredit upon England, and to minister to the
prejudice of the war party in France by the following
observations :

"Did not time fail us, we should have only to search the
annals of the diplomacy on the Oregon question to find terms
sufficiently explicit, delivered from the mouths of English
negotiators, to mark the condemnation of the treaty of which
Lord Aberdeen has now taken the initiative. We should
discover that in 1827 Mr. Gallatin made an offer of the 49th
degree, granting to England the navigation of the Columbia
river. Both Mr. Huskisson and Mr. Addington rejected this
partition, which nevertheless would have given to Great
community gofain'and have had
navigationwil
which
ited number of years only.l
iisn Britainsnu now
we d
conceded
nl
her
ec theof
for
r territorybeve errfronr
astah 1
Thus, the English Ministry of 1846 has not only accepted,
but even demanded, less than that which was refused by the
English Ministry of 1827. But what need have we to go back
into times past to seek for comparisons? Cannot we find some
equally extraordinary and significative in the course of the
negotiations that have been carried on during the presidency
of Mr. Polk, and in which the two Governments have had for
their champions the same diplomatists as have been in-
trusted with drawing up this treaty of partition? Are not
the terms, in fact, identically similar to those which were
proposed by Mr. Buchanan in October or November last, and
rejected by Mr. Pakenham, to whom they appeared to be so
contrary to good j4ith and equity (these are his own words)
that he would not even submit them to his Government ?
The American Secretary of State had, by order of Mr. Polk,
offered the line of the 49th degree, with common right of
entrance into the Straits of Fuca. Now these are the two
fundamental conditions of the treaty, the conclusion
of which we have hereafter to announce. To these condi-
tions, it is certainly true, there are added, for the benefit of
the Hudson's Bay Company, the temporary navigation of
the Columbia. But is it not evident that this, like the
question of expropriation and indemnity, is only a secondary
accessory interest which Mr. Polk could not offer, but which
he would have u readily granted six months ago as he
has to-day, had it been asked for. The English Govern-
ment will, no doubt, endeavour to shelter its diplomacy
under the small fragment of land through the concession of
which it has become the sole and legitimate sovereign of
Vancouver's Island. This hoivever, will be a puerile justifi-
cation, because the acquisition of that part of the island,
which lies between the 49th degree and the Straits of Fuca,
can have no other result than the giving it as a right of
boundary the navigation of the straits which Mr. Polk had
offered in perpetuity, as a concession, over a territory which
would have remained American. In short, the solution at-
tributed to the Oregon question is nothing more than a com-
plete retrogradation of Great Britain upon a ground in which
there was danger of war in case she should refuse to suffia
herself to be forced back within the limits imperiously marked
out by the Federal Union. This solution is a first, though
pacific triumph for America in her rivalry with Great Britain,
a triumph much more precious for the one, and compromis-
ing for the other, than if it had been the fruit of a sanguinary
and disastrous war, because it teaches not only America, but
France, and indeed the whole world, that it requires only to
show a bold countenance and use big words to compel Great
Britain to concede through prudence what would be de-
manded in vain from her justice !"
_ _

The Presse is generally considered to speak the
sentiments, of Count MOLE, and it would appear
that, undismayed by his signal defeat last year,
the Count is again intriguing against M. GuzzoT, and
that by these attacks upon England he hopes to pro-
cure the assistance of the republicans and Buona-
partists in driving M. GuizoT from office, and in
bringing about his favourite project of an alliance
between France and Russia, in opposition to British
interests.

On Tuesday the French Chamber of Peers passed
the credits for Algiers. In the course of the dis-
cussion the Count DE MONTALEMBERT, in energetic
language, denounced the conduct of Marshal
BUGEATID and General PELISSIER) and said that the
late outbreak in Algiers and the massacre of the
prisoners by ABD..EL-FADER
might all be traced to
the atrocities of Dahra. A feeble apology rather
than a defence was attempted by Generals
LAPLACE, DELARPE, and FADVIER, but the eloquent
speech of the Count DE MONTALEMDERT produced a
marked effect in the Chamber.

It is reported that negotiations are pending between
France and Sardinia for the establishment of a re-
gular line of steamers, twice a week, between Algiers
and Cagliari, and from thence to Corsica. There is
already established a regular steam communication,
twice a week, between orsica and France.
According to the Presse, the electors of the Ist
arrondissement of Paris, who at one time intended
to have elected Marshal BUGEAIID as their Deputy,
have determined in consequence of the light which

has been recently thrown on the African question,
to elect not Marshal BUGEAUD, but General LAMo-

RICIERE.

The Moniteur publish6s the returns of the prices
of wheat in the different markets of France during
the month of June, from which it appears that it
sold, on an average, at Toulouse, Gray, Lyons, and
Marseilles for 23f. 66c. per hectolitre ; at Marans
and Bordeaux, for 22f. 4c. ; at St. Laurent and Le
Grand Lemps, 23f. 73c. ; at Mulhausen and Stras-
burg, 26f. 15c ; at Bergues, Arras, Roye, Soissons,
Paris and Rouen, 21f. 77c. ; at Saumur and Nantes,
20f. 34e. ; at Metz, Verdun, and Charlevi:le, 22f. 3c.;
and at St. Lo, Paimpol, Quimper, and liennebon,
20f. 33c.

For some reason, not explained, it appears that the
rise in the price of shares of the Northern Railroad
of France in London, on Monday, had not a corre-
sponding effect on the Paris Bourse on Wednesday.

The Three per Cents. closed at 83f. 20c. ; the Five per
Cents., 121 f. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,256 f. 25c. ;
Rouen, 1,007 f. 50c. ; Havre, 720 f ; Great Northern, 718 f. 75c. •
Avignow, 872 f. 50c. •, Bordeaux, 572 f. 50c. ; Boulogne, 462 f.
53c. ; Dieppe, 407 E 50c. ; Paris and Strasbourg, 48Lf. ; Tours
and Nantes, 5021. 50c. ; Paris and Lyons, 526 f. 25c. ; Domestic
Debt, 31 ex. div.

The following are the quotations for other lines:—
Lyons and Avignon, detinitives, 497 t. 50c.; Bordeaux and
Cute, detinitives, 480 f.
LYONS, JUNE 29.—Marseilles and Avignon, 8671. 60c.;
Paris and Orleans, 1,247 f. 50c. ; Rouen, I,ooBf. 75c.; Lyons,
527 f. 50c. ; Great Northern, 715 f. 25c.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JULY 2.
Boulogne and Annens, 124—Central of Spain, 1 —Louvain and
Jemappe, % Luxembourg, 2 —Namur and Liege, 3%—.Northern of
France Constituted, 1358 Orleans and Bordeaux, 9% Paris and
Lyons Constituted, 6—Paris and Strasbourg Constituted, 4%
Sambre and Meuse, 4%—West Flanders, 334 .

RAILWAY COMMITTEES.

(THIS DAY.)

HOUSE OF LORDS.
Room A.

SCOTTISH CENTRAL (PERTH TERMINI).
A Select Committee on this Bill met at eleven this morn.
ing, in Room A (New Houses of Parliament); Lord Lons.
dale in the chair.

The Bill was unopposed, and after the examination of a
few witnesses pro forma, the preamble was declared proved.
The Committee, after reading and adjusting the clauses,
rose before twelve o'clock.

GROUP C.
TRXNG AND BANBURY.

This Bill having been recommitted on the motion of the
Duke of Buckingham, several members of the Committee as-
sembled this morning, but two of the Peers being absent, a
quorum could not be formed, and an adjournment took place
until Wednesday next.