The Sun.
London, England, 1846-04-29 00:00:00

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LATEST FROM POLAND.
CZELA DECLARED KING.
The journal published in Paris, in the Polish language,
under the title of Trzeci I.laj (or, Third of May) gives, in its
last number, dated Monday last, 25th instant, the following
as the latest intelligence from private sources in Galicia:—
" The details from the theatre of the movements are very
incomplete. Bands of armed peasants continue to hold out;
but their chief Czela (not Szelu) has proclaimed himself
King of the Peasants. He travels in a carriage with six.
horses, and surrounded by a suite of cavalry. Throughout
all Galicia the peasants have discontinued to perform the
work of the corvee (panszczyrna). The movement extends
in every direction to the frontiers of Volhynia ani Podolia..
The murders of the superior classes still go on; and lastly,
M. Golejewski, a landed proprietor (not a noble) was mur-
dered in this way. In the circles of Zlaczow and Tarnowpol
it is reported that there is, in the circle of Sambar, a camp
of fifty noblemen in the forest, who are kept in a state of
siege by the peasants.
" There is current a report in Galicia that the Russian Go-
vernment has addressed a note to the Austrian, deprecating
the conduct of the latter in Galicia, and taking the Polish
nobility under the protection of Russia."
dI T

_le Journal des Debats publishes the following communi-
cation from Lemberg, dated the 14th inst.:— -
" We have just passed the three last days of Holy Week
in the deepest anxiety. The report had spread throughout
the province that on the 10th, or Good Friday, a general
massacre of the Polish nobles and German functionaries
would take place. The troops were concentrated in the
towns, and large numbers of the inhabitants of the country
sought refuge in them. These terrible rumours have, fortu-
nately, not been realised. It is even said that order and
tranquillity are restored in the circles of Wadowice and
Bochnia. In the circie of Tarnow, the peasants not only re-
fuse to acquit themselves of the corvees, but required the
division of the land between them. It is feared that
these symptoms of disorder will spread to the neighbouring
provinces of Russia, where bondage prevails in all its
force. The reaction may thus become more terrible
still. In the circles of Jaslow and Czarstkof the peasants
are already rising against the nobles. I will mention a
fact which characterises the situation of affairs. Count
iksaaanmckararrioend considerableskit,one of the greatest landowners of Galicia,
theestaPtesrin ince tdhee
31,circle e r
mo f. c Czarstkof.h,e
nece andH
Peasants
almost all his employes are Germans. A de. utation of
lately waited on him. We have learnt,' said
sacred the landowners, and takesntpeesapeseasisoanntosf hthaveeir
Imanad.s-
they, that in the other
circle h
We are good-natured people ; we have
tnhat not much reason to
\ shall be
ypu kill 'not' ►-
cotitplain eyes, and therefore
y
go away and leave us masters here, we h
be obliged to
do unto you what the peasants of Tarnow haviemdoedneiawitill their lords. M. Lanckaronski's employs
warned the Austrian authorities, who marched troops in tti3;
direction; but, hitherto, the Government has acted with
vigour solely against the nobles. In all the principal towns
of the circles the public prisons and private houses are
crowded with the unfortunate vic'ims, who await, in loath-
some places where they are huddled together pell-mell, the
decision of their, tate; an imperial councillor is entrusted with
the proceedings against five hundred and fifty arrested per-
sons. Each of them is examined three days together, so
that there are innocent persons who will perhaps have to
wait three or lour years before their case be disposed of. A.
large number, unable to endure the treatment they are sub-
jected to, havesalready died, Every family is in despair. We
are reduced here to implore the imperial clemency, not to
obtain oblivion and forgiveness, but judges. The situation
of the province is most flimientable—all confidence has
vanished. The Govepirnent dreads the nobles and the pea-
sants; the nables,diead the locil authorities, who are the
main causes of the calamities of the country, and the peasants
whose fury knows no.-bounds. The peasants confound in
their hatred the nobles and the Austrian authorities. They
will neither obey; nor work. Thus, order and tranquility will
not be restored Idr a long time to come, and our prospects are
most gloomy."

CAPT. MANBY'S ILLUMINATED
SHELL.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—It gives me considerable pleasure to reply to the
letter in your paper of the 15th instant, from Mr. Wilson, of
Hull, whose championship of Lieutenant O'Reilly's inven-
tion of an illuminated shell reflects much credit, and evi-
dences a philanthropic not a spurious, motive. I beg to in-
form Mr. Wilson the effect of an illuminated shell is mine,
a claim supported by an extract from the British Review,
published by Murray, and Longman and Co., on the Ist of
June, 1812, which thus speaks of experiments made by me
at Woolwich :—" A shell (instead of a shot) is affixed to a
rope having four holes in it to receive fuzes, and the interior
of the shell is filled with the fiercest and most glaring com-
position, which, when inflamed, displays so splendid an illu-
mination of the rope, that its flight cannot be mistaken."
Lieutenant O'Reilly's invention is an ingenious mode of in-
serting a fuze into the shot to prevent its expulsion in the
concussion. I freely and thankfully admit this improvement,
though a very extravagant substitution for mine, my shell
being charged with " 11b. of mealed powder, 3 ditto of salt-
petre, and 8 oz. of flour of brimstone, made into a paste by
spirits of wine or turpentine." I am glad to hear the autho-
rities have supplied at least the eastern coast with them. I
am sure Mr. Wilson will admit inventions in addition to are
not to supersede or throw odium on my plans ; my objects
were originally accomplished on the principles of effective-
ness, facility of transport, simplicity of method, and economy,
leaving the results to the untiring zeal of my countrymen
and a merciful Providence. I have lived 81 years, and have
not seen my plan improved in either of these principles. I
have heard so much noise lately about experiments, that I
fully ampected all my inventions are to be exploded, and
myself pronounced a lunatic, and that the indefatigable
Captain your letter alludes to, besides many others in our
local papers—l suspect his own composition—would have dis-
tanced all his predecessors; but alas ! Sir, all is ending as it
commenced, an amusement for noble and decorative folk on
Woolwich-common on very fine days. I have lately received
a number of letters, all in praise of the simplicity of my
plans; by the bye, one from the Government of Denmark,
through the medium of their Consul, for the immediate sup-
ply of the apparatus, and hoping I would not permit the
public to be gulled by such fine-weather projections. My
reply has been, when able to wield my pen, that my exer-
tions shall be unremitted while my faculties remain. In the
humble hope that posterity will honour my perseverance
more when dead, than my jealous contemporaries do while
living, I am, Sir, your humble servant,
GEO. W. MANBY, Captain, F.R.S.
Pedestal House, Soathtown, Great Yarmouth, April 28.

THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH.
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
In consequence of the increasing number of seceders from
the Established Church of England, and the growing and
alarming tendency to Romanism amongst a considerable
portion of the pious, learned, and influential members of the
Universities, which still nominally remain in her communion,
it is confidently reported that a total revision of the "Thirty-
nine Articles" is shortly to take place, so as to exclude all
obsolete doctrines, ambiguous expressions, and doubtful pas-
sages which have hitherto given rise to misinterpretations
and misconceptions of the pure and fundamental principles
of the Protestant faith. Also, an entire reformation of the
Book of Common Prayer (so much needed), in which se
many of the Romish doctrines are still inculcated and clearly
set forth, which are totally at variance with our Protestant
belief, such as the pretended corporeal and real presence in
our merely commemorative Sacrament, Confession to Man,,
Priestly Absolution, &c. ; as also, the Athanasian Creed, so ob-
noxious to many pious and good Christians, who cannot con-
scientiously subscribe to it.

CORRESPONDING SOCIETIES AND LECTURE. ROOMS.-
Mr. Thomas Duncombe's Bill to amend the laws relating to corre-
sponding societies and the licensing of lecture-rooms, which also bears
the names of Sir De Lacy Evans and Mr. Aglionby, was yesterday
printed. There are five clauses in the measure, and their object is to
repeal certain sections in various Acts of Parliament now in force-
-39 George 111., c. 2 ; 39 George 111., c. 79, s. 15 ; 57 George 111., c.
19, s. 25. By the Acts 39 George 111., c. 76, and 57 George 111., c.
19, certain offences are created, and certain penalties are attached to
the commission thereof. It is declared that the provisions of the re-
cited Acts have given occasion to vexatious proceedings by common
informers, and that after the passing of this Bill they shall only be
commenced by the law officers of the Crown. The repeal of the
several enactments is not to extend to other societies, which by the
Acts arc declared to be unlawful combinations and confederacies.
MINERS' STRIKE. - BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY EVE."

the from,
recent resolution of
now beginning to feel the effects of the recent
prices for iron. The de-
masters to adhere to the present exorbitant
extent. Stocks are in
mand has already decreased to a considerablelprices
is
now
generally
anti_
NING.—The coal and ironstone masters in South Staffordshire are
dilated by the trade. In p
Forte, and Co., the proprietors
bury ; Messrs. Adderbrook prospect
John Son, B
consequence accumulating, and a fail n pr
gave notice of old Parkfield colliery, IVednes-
and Messrs. Bills and Mills, Messrs.
of thisagn depression, Messrs. Lloyd,
ell and Sons, Wednesbury,
7heirem ploy on Saturday of a reduction
in their wages of threepence a-day. On Monday the miners struck_
minersaridM esi
ns
work, and yesterday (Tuesday) morning nearly 2,000 men met in an.
notice to
open field near Wednesbury, when it was unanimously resolved nak
Jones, D
to submit to the proposed reduction. The rate of wages they are
now receiving is 4s. a-day ; before iron rose to its present rates
they had 3s. 9d., and from the feeling shown at the meeting it was
evident that nothing will induce the miners to resume work at lower
wages than 45. but a reduction in the price of iron and coal, which
would render the masters unable to give the highest rate.
INCENDIARISM.-APPREHENSION AND COMMI'FTAL OF
THE SUPPOSED INCENDIARY.—ANDOVER, SATURDAY, APRIL 25.—This
morning a man named Joseph Adlem, nearly 60 years of age, for more
than 30 years a farm servant to a Mr. John Batt, an extensive
farmer, residing at (irately, a village three miles from Stockbridge,
and about six from Andover, was brought up for examination before
the county magistrates, for setting fire to a large hay risk, suppose&
to contain between twenty and thirty tons, belonging to his master.
on the morning of Friday the 24th instant. It appears this many
Evidence was
discharged from Mr. Batt's service about Christmas last, since which
time he has been out of employ. having peen received, d
... .

the prisoner, after being duly'cautioned, was asked what he had to
say, stated he was as innocent as a child unborn of settin.r fire to the
rick—never was near the place till taken there by the policeman, and
can prove that if required. The magistrates, after a brief consultation,
decided that the evidence was sufficient to warrant them insending

the prisoner for trial at the Winchester summer assizes. Mr. Batt
was hound over in a 2 id. bond to prosecute, and the two policemen
in 101. each to give evidence on the trial.
BREAK OF GAUGE.—The 13,istol and Birmingham
Railway Company are showing a very laudable desire to reduce as
much as possible the inconvenience of the break 01 gauge; they have
altered some of their trains so as to fall in with those on the Great
Western Railway, and it is understood that they arc about to pug
on additional trains between Gloucester and Cheltenham for the like

. purpose. Much inconvenience has been felt by passengers arriving
at Gloucester after the train for Cheltenham had started; and to
remedy the evil we learn that the directors of the Bristol and Bir-
mingham line intend to make the alteration alluded to, on the fl-st of
the ensuing month, so that parties leaving London by the Great rres-
tern Railway at four o'clock in the afternoon will then be able to
reach Cheltenham the same night; in addition to this, a train will be
dispatched from Cheltenham to G:oucester, to meet the Great Wes-
tern up mail train, which leaves Gloucester at midnight.
ROYAL EXCHANGE. The merchants were much
pleased yesterday to
perceive symptoms of the removal of' the
hitherto acted somewhat like a sponge, after
Greshamrain, to retain the wet until the hour of 'Change. The Gresham
Committee which has
:efhorptunebabtl7bw,Lh
nwphriecskert,he4e2,4d.
Chill
Exchange was paved,
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—The fuilowing
committee la about to
and which
gen-
tlemen were examined and admitted members on the 24th instant:
th
letiv)-ae
Robert Cockburn, Reigate; William Davenport, Leek; J.
Clendon Conduit-street; E. J. Barker, Longton, Staffordsb. y
Henry Smith,' Hadley; Samuel Chavasse, Kingswinford • ' tre;
Miller, Walworth ;W. J. Collins, Camden-town ;G. Benjamin
Bristol; E. E. Hamilton, Islington; J. Mulh. anney Mayo.
Anstice Knott,
RETIREMENT FOR A DIPLO3 ' lATIST.
says the nos:on Courier, has taken ull his Mr. Everett,
and entered upon the duties of the residence in Cambridge,
morn-
ing. He attended the Presidency on Monday customary religious
and made an address to the under graduates. Mr-
affectionate
Everett's accessionto this office—the highest literary distinction 'in
University, an auspicious era in the history of Harvard

at AhalGf-plals tr"ttNe Iry e AwcZe , 01.
60, lying in the Pinop lime' rhe:etlhlensgentisentinelsneljn
ACT.—On the night of the 16th inst.,
board the Raleigh,
the water. The alarm, " A man overboard," was immediately
thoenforeehannel fell into
given, and reached the ears of the first lieutenant of the Raleigh, Mr.
Tatham, in bed at the time, who instantly sprang on deck in his
night-shirt and precipitated himself off the gangway into the river.
Although an intense fog prevailed at the same time, and the weather
was very cold, at the peril of his own life he succeeded in savinß
the marine, but was much exhausted when he got on board. Tlsn
sentinel was very nearly drowned when Mr. Tatham saved kiln
Zlarapshire Telegraph.