The Sun.
London, England, 1846-10-13 00:00:00

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No. 16,869.

NOTICE ! ALTERATION OF TIME.

GRA.VESEND STAR and BLACKWALL
PACKETS.

Atter TUESDAY NEXT, the 13111 in:tant, the Ning o'clock
morning and Five and Seven afternoon boats, from the Brunswick
Wharf, Blackwell, and the Six and half-past Six afternoon boat,
frcm the New Terrace Pier, Gravesend, will be DISCONTINUED.
Star office, Gravesend, lOii Oct., 1846. •

GAVESEND STAR and BLACE.WALL
PACKETS.
Packet and Railway Fare included in one payment upon every
Passage.
N.B.—No other Packets call at the GRAY'S or GREENIIITIIE
PIERS.

FROM THE NEW TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND.
WEEK DAY;,.-At 71, 834, 934, 1134, 1,2, 3,4, 5,6, and 6%.
SUNDAYS.-At 71, IN, 11, 1,3, 4, 5. 6, ,i.d 631.
ROM TII E BRUNSWICK WHARF, BLACKWALL.
•he Trains starting One Quarter of an Hour before each of
these times.
WEEK DAYS.-At 9, 93{x, 11, 12, 13¢, 234, 3}, 4%, 5,6,
and 7.
UNDAYS.-At 9, 93¢, 11, 131, 234, 331, 5,6, and 7.
Fares.-To or from London-Fore cabin, and Secoi,d Class Rail-
way, 9d. ; Saloon and First Class Railway, Is.
To or from Plackvrad and intermediate Piers-Fore Cabin, Gd. ;
Saloon, 9d.
Boat Tickets.-Fur 7.welve months, 41. 45.; Six months, 21. 15s. ;
Three months, U. 15s. To be had of the Collectors on board the
packets; of Mr. Monk, Terrace Pier, Gravesend; or of Mr. Saunders,
Brunswick-wharf, Blackwall.
Gravesend, Star Office, Oct. 1, 1846.

A FREEHOLB ELIZABETHAN MANSION, with a small Park
and valuable Farms, together or in Lots, Five Miles from South-

ampton.
MESSRS. DANIEL SMITH, and SON will
SELL BY AUC TION, at the Auction Mart, on TuEsosr,
November 10, at Twelve, in divers Lots (unless previously disposed
of by Private Contract),

Tire GRANGE ESTATE, an important property, only one
mile and a half from the Botleigh station, comprising a fine
old family mansion, with a small well-timbered park of a
healthy gravelly loam, intersected by a trout stream; also
several contiguous farms, comprising about SEVEN HUNDRED
ACRES in a ring fence, but which will be divided into FOURTEEN
LOTS, the whole freehold, free of land.tax, and the tithes commuted.
The mansion contains handsome and lofty rooms, and most comfort-
ably suited for a good country establishment.
For particulars and to view, application must be made at their
offices in Waterloo .place, Pall-mall, or on the premises.

THE UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER.
30 to 50 per Cent. Saved !
To be had at the Patentees, GO, St. Martin's-lane, Charing-cross.
The Patentees beg to call public attention to the following facts,
Re advantages resulting from the invention are various and
striking. Independently of a saving of 30 to 50 per cent„ the com-
bustion is perfect, and the brilliancy produced superior to any light
hitherto discovered. It emits neither smell nor smoke, and burns
steadily for any period ; and such is its purity, that it neither affects
or soils the most delicate colour or the finest fabric. Objections have
made to the Introduction egos in dwellin:-houses, to the expense of
fittings, to its destruction of furniture, draperies, gold moulding, &c. ;
these are entirely obviated by the .WPATENT UNIVERSAL GAS
Itumixa." As the cost of laying on gas is muck lower than is com-
monly supposed, it is adapted for private dwellings, as well as for
club-houses, hotels, manufactories, and public buildings. One of the
small burners is amply sufficient to light a good-sized room, at a sum
immeasurably lower than spirit, oil, or candle, with the avoidance of
waste or trouble.

The merits of the " Bunfer," its brilliancy and economy surpassing
every other known light, aro shown by the annexed authentic
opinions of the qualities of the UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
Tuesday, 26th May, 1146, Sir JOHN RENNIE, President, in the Chair.
" A gas burner of a novel and ingenious construction was exhibited.
The principal novelty was the introduction of a stream of air to the
zentre of the flame by a hollow button in the middle of the burner.
the air passing up through the hollow stem of the button, was
heated, and passed out by two series of fire-holes around the periphery,
and impinging with force on the flame of the gas curved it outwards
in the shape of a tulip, 'while the oxygen of the air, mingling with
the garburetted hydrogen gas, produced a very Nrfect combustion,
The flame was quite white down the top of the burner, was very steady,
as was amply demonstrated by the excellent light of the Institution,
where these burners have been used. In comparing the consumption
of these burners with that of the concentric ring burners, and trying
the power Ofwthitehsavingt lightsoof
lsy
rather
ehpehr photometer, ttebra,
ntheenenfthiw
one-third."
gave a
better gist,
CERTIFICATE.
POLYTEcHNIe CHEMICAL SCHOOL.—" In testing Clark, Mc Niell,
e Universe 3Gas Burner with one of the best shawdowless
it gave a more pure and brilliant light, with a saving of 20
o per cent. GEORGE CRISP, Engineer,
25
BOUT. LoNanorrom, Secretary,
CERTIFICATE.
balu'idr:l Cenr;':
a series of experiments made upon Clark, Me Niell, and Co.'s
iqtasuitpyerolofritthye was satisfactorily esta-
blishedlight. Tested against
aaßi4judr:ll2ehre'holes), and 6 (15 holes), it afforded a
r ga t
ae Patent
dt Universali
sa
cent., and against three fish-tall burners,
Nlour and brilliancy of the flame is supe-
rior burners, e ceconomy
oNmGoSy".
T. W. KEITES, Consulting Chemist,
J. D. PALMER, Mechanical Inspector.
ov.
to any 4o:
paetr
otherleee'n tt
2usr nTpheefer.
The UNIVERSAL GAS BURNER is used nightly at the Poly-
a
h e un frLom.
flalutGilla4.,Faitttctrhse:
tPeacteln te t.
Stti andmay
Martin's-lane, tin s!lane be.
Charing-cross a nde
se
d

LADIES TRAVELLING,
Visiting the Sea Coast, or otherwise exposed to the scorching rays of
the Sun, will find
ROWLAND'S KALYDOR a most refreshing
preparation for the Complexion, dispelling the cloud. of lan-
guor and relaxation, allaying all heat and irritability. and immedi-
ately affording the pleasing sensation attending restored elasticity of
the Skin. The numerous varieties of Cutaneous Eruptions, Sun-
burn, Freckles, Tau, and Discolourations, are pleasingly eradicated
by the Kalyder, and the skin rendered delicately seft and clear. Its
purifying and refreshing properties have obtained its exclusive selec-
tion by the Court and the Royal Family of Great Britain, and those
of the Continent or Europe, to ether with the "elite" of the Aris-
tocracy and .. tlaute Voree," from the sultry climes of India, and the
Drawing,-rooms of Calcutta and Madras, to the frozen realms of the
Czar and the Salons of St. Petersburgh and Mcseow.—Price 4s. 6d.
IV Beware of spurious "Kalydors"
and Bs. 6d. per bottle.
containing mineral astrin-
gents utterly ruinous to the complexion, and which, by their repel-
ant action, endanger health. The only genuine has the words
" ROWLAND'S KALYDOR" on the wrapper, and A. ROWLAND
and SON, 20, Hatton-garden, is also engraved (by desire of the
Hon. Commissioners) on the Government Stamp affixed on each
bottle.

Sold by the Proprietors, and by respectable Chemists and Per.
Valuers.

other " Kalydors" are fraudulent counterleltA.

OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
111.4,, A CHEMICAL LECTURE, by Dr. Ryan, daily, and on
the Evenings of Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Also a
LECTURE on the EL ECTRO MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH daily.
MACINTOSH'S It EVoLVING ENGINE, COLEMAN'S PATENT
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE, FARRELL'S ARCM AEDIAN RAIL-
WA Y, the ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY, all in action. HALLEWE'S
ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY VALVE. The OPAQUE MICROM-
COPE.- The OXY-HYDROGEN MICROSCOPE. A beat-RIM Series
of DISSOLVING VIEWS. A Selection of MADRIGALS of the
Sixteenth Century wiR be performed by a ,ax-Ilorn Band, under
di; Direction of Dr. Walls daily, and in the Evenings.
Admission, Is. , Schools, Half-price.

TALL OF ROME, GREAT WINDMILL-
STREET,, HAYMARKET.

Eight doors from Coventry. street.
Under Distinguished Patronatte.—The original roses Plastiques and

Tableaux Vivans.
Professor TURNOUR, ever anxious to diversify the attractions at
the above splendid theatre, begs most respectfully to inform the
Nobility, Subscribers, and the Public, that he has succeeded in en-
gaging one of the finest Models of the day, who will appear every
afternoon and evening durixg the weak in Professor Tumour's cele-
brated groups of Venus Rising from the Sea and the Lute Player.
The new Classical Groupings, which have been acknowiedged by the
press as far surpassing anything of the kind ever attempted in this
country, will be repeated during the week, Introducing the THREE
COLOURED FEMALE MODELS, natives of Ilindoostan, who have
been received with rapturous applause by fashionable and crowded
houses.
Morning Performance at Three o'clock, and Evening at Half-past
Eight.—Stalls, 2s. 6d.; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is.

ILIGHT.—CAMPHINE, CANDLES.—Patent
ILA CAMPHINE in sealed half-gallon cans, 4s. 9d. per gallon;
Palmer's Patent Candles, .7V. per lb., at WILLIAM S. BURTON'S
(late Rippon and Burton's), 39, Oxford-street, corner of Newman-
street, whose assortment of Camphine, Argand, and Solar Lamps,
and Palmer's Magnum and other Candlesticks, with all the latest
improvements and of the newest and most recherche patterns, is the
largest in existence. All the seasonable novelties are now ready, and
selling from 20 to 30 per cent. under any house with whom quality
and style are considerations. The money returned for every arttcle
not approved of. Detailed catalogues, with engravings, sent (per
post) free.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.
(From the Cambridge Chronicle of Saturday.)
NEW UNIVERSITY OFFICERS.
This morning, being the first day of term, a congre-
gation was held in the Senate House, when the follow-
ing gentlemen were appointed University Officers for
the ensuing year :
PRocTons—Rev. Edward Brnmell, M.A., Fellow of
St. John's College ; Rev. William Towler Kingsley,
M.A., Fellow of Sidney Sussex College.
TAXORS—Rev. Henry Arlett, M.A., Fellow of Pem-
broke College ; William Gilson Humphry, M.A., Fel-
low of Trinity College.
SCRUTATORS—Rev. John Wolvey Astley, M.A., Fel-
low of King's College ; Rev. Francis Procter, M.A.,
Fellow of Catherine Hall.
MODERATORS—Her. George Gabriel Stokes, M.A ,
Fellow of Pembroke College ; John Couch Adams,
M.A., Fellow of St. John's College.
The following degrees were also conferred :
MASTERS OF ARTS—William Mills, St. John's Col-
lege ; James Turning, Trinity College.
BACHELORS OF ARTS—Henry Charles Hawley, Tri-
nity College ; Henry Miles Wingfield, Trinity College ;
James Price, St. John's College ; George Edwin Pat-
tenden, St. Peter's College.
TRINITY COLLEGE.
NEW FELLows.—This morning the following gentle-
men were elected Fellows of Trinity College :—Hugh
Blackburn, B.A. 1845, Fifth Wrangler ; Frederick
Rendall, B.A. 1845, bracketted with the first in Classical
Tripos ; Lewis Hensley, B.A. 1846, Senior Wrangler.

SACRILEGE.

CLEVER DISCOVERY OF THE OFFENDERS.

Llantillo Church, in Wales, was lately despoiled of a
large portion of black cloth, with which the pulpit had
been bung in consequence of the death of Mrs. Teddy.
Mr. B!issett, the superintendent of the Ross police, was
applied to to discover the offenders, and having engaged
a person of the name of Lawrence to assist him, an In-
genious stratagem was put in execution.
We quote the result from the Monmouthshin Adver-
tiser. Suspicion having attached, in the first instance, to
a blacksmith, named Probert, Lawrence went to Lian-
tillo, dressed as a bell-hanger, with his basket of tools
on his shoulder, to where he worked. He went into the
smith's shop, and asked Probert to make him a punch ;
whilst this was being done, Lawrence offered to sell the
smith a brown coat. Probert declined, and after some
time, upon being presses, he said he' did not want any
clothes, as he wai having a suit of black made at Mr.
Jones's, at Ragland. This was the precise clue Law-
rence wanted, and he soon afterwards proceeded to Mr.
Jones's, the tailor, of that village. Of this person we
think it right to say, that he has always borne an irre-
proachable character for honesty and industry. Upon
arriving at Jones's, Lawrence asked the wife, and after-
walls Jones himself, who entered the shop, if he could
have a brown or a dark waistcoat made there. Jones
said he had not any brown cloth, but he could make him
a black waistcoat, for which he should charge 103. To
this Lawrence assented, and proffered sixpence to bind
the bargain, saying he would call on another day for the
vest, and pay the remaining 93. 6d. He then asked for
a pattern, which he took with him, and thus successfully
accomplished trap the second. Lawrence, with other
partus, then compared the pattern with the black cloth
remaining in the church, and it was found exactly to cor-
respond. Upon the following day he returned to Rag-
land, in company with Blissett, and producing a search
warrant, they tock possession of the black cloth, still
lying on the counter, and afterwards apprehended both
Jones and Probert.

Upon the policeman stating the nature of the charge,
Jones stated that the cloth belonged to Probert, who in
his absence had brought it and left it with his wife, for
a suit of clothes to be made from, stating that he had
bought it of a hawker for Ss. 6d. per yard.
The other prisoners, John Jones, labourer, and Thos.
Stead, were apprehended upon the confession of Jones
himself, who stated to the Rev. Dr. Davis that Probert
had devised the scheme of robbing the cloth, and had
gone to the church on the Sunday (the 13th of Sep-
tember) for the purpose of contriving the best means of
effecting their object. During the night, whilst Probert
remained at home, Jones and Stead entered the church
and took off their spoil, which the three worthies divided
among them. After this concession, Jones accompanied
Mr. Davis and others to a hayrick in an adjoining
parish, on the top of which, covered with loose straw, a
bundle of the cloth was lying.
The stolen cloth of Probert's was upon the counter.
The examination lasted several hours, and at its clo3e
all the prisoners were committed, but bail was immedi-
ately tendered for Mr. Jones, the tailor.

CANADA AND EMIGRATION.---It is not generally
known, we believe, that Sir Richard Bonnycastle, the
author of the very important and interesting work, just
published, under the title of " ecnada and the Cana-
dians," is the son of the Woolwich Professor of Mathe-
matics, whose admirable school-books rendered his name
familiar to the juvenile world. Ile has drawn (says the
Chronicle) an amusing and interesting picture of the
present condition of an important colony. There is ex-
cellent advice, as well as information, of a practical
kind, which ought to be treasured up by the intending
emigrant, to whom we recommend a perusal of Sir
Richard's book, as giving graphic views of the present
toil for future independence, which all must encounter.
CONDENSATION OF SEWAGE INTO SOLID MANURE.
—An explanatory lecture was delivered in our hearing
at the Westminster Literary and Scientific Institution,
on Friday last, by the patentee, Mr. William Higgs, who
proved, clearly enough, the possibility of condensirg, in
a solid form, all that is valuable as manure in the sewage
of towns, by collecting it in tanks, wherein all that is
solid and insoluble, or merely suspended in the fluid,
would of course subside, while by aid of calcareous or
other reagents, the soluble phosphates, or phosphoric
acid, &c., might be converted into soluble salts, and pre-
cipitated amongst the general sediment, or apart from it,
and the ammoniacal and hydro- sulphuric vapours, uniting
in hydro-sulphuret of ammonia, be also condensed by
aid of chlorine, in covered air-tight areas above the
tanks, and added, in form of sal ammoniac and sulphur,
to the other valuable materials ; the residual water of
the sewage thus, in effect, being rendered perfectly pure
before it issues into the river that n3ay flow in the
vicinity of the town. Into the question of the profitable
and practicable adoption, or the relative merits of such
an economical and save-all system it is not our province
to enter, but we may remark, that certainly the health
of towns could not but be vastly benefited by the ab-
sorptio❑ and solidification of the volatile and unwhole-
some vapours hitherto permitted to emanate from sewers,
and even by the purification of the rivers, on the banks
of which the habitations of man are so frequently con-
structed.— 2 7te Builder.

A SHIPWRECKED BEAR.—The Royal Botanic Gar-
den of Glasgow has lately had presented to it, by Dr.
Pritchard, of the Royal Lunatic Asylum, a fine young
Russian bear. The history of its voyage home from
Russia is rather interesting, the vessel having gone on
shore in a storm, and her crew and passengers were
saved with difficulty. Amidst the confusion and danger
attendant on getting from the vessel to the life-boat,
poor Bruin was overlooked ; but finding herself de-
serted on the wreck, she climed up one of the broken
masts, and set up such a pitiful and melancholy howl-
ing, as induced a daring band of the sailors to man the
boat, and, even at the risk or their own lives, they saved
their poor four-footed fellow-passenger from a watery
grave.--Scottish Guardian.
Sir John and Lady Shelley have left Farrance's Hotel
on a visit to the Duke of Grafton, at Euston Hall, Thet-
ford.

ENGLAND AND JAPAN.

The less Great Britain can conceal from herself that
she has lost the western hemisphere, the more energeti-
cally does she strive to insure to herself the eastern, in
order that she may rule without a rival in the Indian
se :s. The southern extremity Of Africa belongs to her;
by the island of Aden sae commands the entrance to the
Red Sea; she has taken her stand on Bushire, to watch
the mouth of the Eaphrate4; Ceylon lies at the entrance
to the Bay of Bengal ; on the west exist of Transgan-
getic India also has' she established herself for now
twenty years, by the peace of Yendabu. The keys to
the Straits of Malacca are, however, far more important,
namely, Pulo Penang, and the flourishing settlement of
Singapore; whAe, in order to iusure the route to the
Chinese colony of Hong-long- the island of Laboan,
on the north-west coast of Borneo, ,has just been taken
possessiob of. The Malay pirates are thereby impeded
in the exercise of their profession, and moreover, the
little-explored island of Borneo opened to discovery,
while the further inroads of the Dutch, now so active
ai m .irta
Singaporen t
as
a andc ?ling
depot,
.
in the East Indian Archipelago, are prevented. At
sameatlsmitlies about
atimet half
Puh Laboan
wy
between
is
Kong, which latter commands the mouth of the Canton
a o
River, in the same manner as Heligoland does the
Elbe and Weser. Chusan, which.- England should
have evacuated long ago, is still in her possession ;
but even if she do give it up, she has instead of this
unhealthy island, another in view, which has a healthy
climate, and a far more favourable position for her de-
signs. This is the island of Quelpaert, the rumoured
occupation of which by the English, as stated lately in
Antwerp and London journals, we by no means doubt.
This island is the largest in the Archipelago of Corea
(lon. 126 E., lat. 33 20 N.), and lies about 20 leagues
from the S. point of the Corean peninsula; it can be
reached by steam from Chusan in a few days, and com-
mands at once the Yellow Sea, the route to Pekin, the
Straits of Corea which leads to the sea of Japan, and
the west coast of the Japanese empire, particularly the
neighbouring port of Nangasaki. The possessors of
Malta and Gibraltar,- theelaalklaed Islands, and Men,
know well how to priie such advantages. Quelpaert is
well adapted to form the last link in the long chain of
maritime stations. On this subject we would remind
the reader that about three years ago Captain Beleher
was charged by the Admiralty with making a hydro-
grajahieal survey of the Japanese waters, that within
the last few years especially, Englishmen, disguised as
• the subjects of the Celestial Empire, have, at the risk
of their lives, entered Japan on board the Chinese
,junk trading thither, and that the English Go-
vernment has more than once attempted to obtain
permission for a direct trade with the subjects of Japan.
These efforts have, indeed, always failed of success,
but with perseverance, patience, and in case of need,
open force, England has ever succeeded in attaining its
object—the extension of its trade. Even at the period
of the opium war, it was undisguisedly declared in the
English press, as well as on 'Change, that the seclusion
of the Japanese empire must necessarily cease, and that
the opening of its ports would be an unavoidable conse-
quence of that war. As is well known, Japan admits
only the Chinese and Dutch, whose trade is, moreover,
subject to numerous conditions and limitations ; they
are only allowed to visit Nangasaki with a certain num-
ber of vessels, while every other port is unconditionally
closed to foreigners., England is now impelled by a
perfectly legitimate curiosity to seek admission to the
Japanese people, and to make them acquainted with the
blessings of European political economy and English
free trade. It is against all cosmopolitism that a state so
populous, and which has attained so high a degree of
peculiar civilisation, should, in the nineteenth century,
obstinately withhold itself from all interchange of ideas
with Europe. The Japanese Government, however, well
know why for two centuries and a half it has kept Eu-
ropeans at a distance, the bitterest experience has taught
it prudence. When the Portuguese first landed in Japan,
foreigners were received with a kindness and tolerance
of which even modern Europe can offer no parallel;
they were freely allowed to trade, aed, which would
scarcely be permitted in Christian states to Asiatic
heathens, to spread their religion and make hundreds of
thousands of proselytes. Several princes were baptised.
and under Gregory XIIL, an embassy proceeded from
Japan to Rome to show their respect for the holy father.
The ambition of the Portuguese, however, who had con-
quered Goa, Alalacca, and Macao, inspired the Emperor
with anxiety ; the diffusion of Christianity was said to
aid the political aims of tl:e foreigner, and on that ac-
count persecutions of the Christians commenced, which
continued without intermission for almost half a century,
and only ended with the complete extirpation of the fol-
lowers of the cross. Several thousands had taken refuge
in the fortress of Simabcra, where the martys defended
themselves to the last man ; and when the conquerors
entered at night by assault, they literally waded up to
their ankles :n blood. Since that time no Portuguese
has been allowed to enter Japan. The Europeans,
Lowever, were not absolutely excluded, and in 1611
Spanish and Dutch embassies arrived almost simul
taneously at Jeddo. The first was denied admission,
because they came tricked out in velvets and silk," and
allowed their haughty arrogance to appear too visible ;
the latterattained their object through theirshop-keeping
artifices, and the most submissive humility. Since then
Holland has driven a trade with Japan, which, although
very circumscribed, 'and only permitted under the most
humiliating conditions, has yet excited the envy of other
maritime nations. These latter have frequently, al.
though fruitlessly, endeavoured to open the ports of this
kingdom; even the efforts of Admiral Krusenstein in
1804, whose death has lately been announced, were un-
successful. The negotiations in which he then engaged
show the Japanese in the best light ; they acted towards
their unwelcome guests with the greatest consideration,
with a delicacy and a willingness which left nothing to
be desired. The negotiations were conducted by the
imperial plenipotentiaries with a politeness and ability
which would do honour to the most refined European
diplomatist. If, then, the English now give it to be un
derstood that it is against all the laws of nations that
Japan, which knows nothing of the European law of na-
tions, and in its exdlusiveness can dispense with this
highly elastic law, should seclude itself from intercourse
with Europeans, we might give them for answer a diplo-
matic note (if we may_ so use the term) which was de-
livered to the Russians in 1805, and which may find a
place here In ancient times ships of all nations
freely came to Japan, and the Japanese wero allowed to
visit foreign countries ; but about a century and a half
ago an emperor impressed upon his successors no longer
to allow their subjects to leave the country, and far-
ther, to give the D'atch, the Chinese, the Coreans, and
the inhabitants of the isiand of Rinkin only, access to
Japan. Other nations have repeatedly made attempts
to contract relations of friendship and commerce with
Japan, but they have been obliged to be refused, in con-
formity with the ancient orders; moreover, it would be
dangerous to form friendly relations with an unknown
power, unless they rested on the bases of equality ; for
friendship is like a chain, which, to perform a special
purpose, must consist of a certain number of links. If
one part of the chain is strong, but another weak, those
links which are weaker will soon break. Thus friend-
ship can only cause hurt to the weaker party. 'I hir-
teen years ago a Russian ship, commanded by Lieute-
nant Larman, came to Japan, and now another with an
ambassador from the great Emperor of Russia has ar-
rived. The first was not received without mistrust, but
the second in a friendly manner. The Emperor of
Japan has.willingly done all in his power, consistent
with the laws of the empire; he regards the arrival of
this second Russian vessel with pleasure, as a proof of
the amity of the Emperor of Russia. That mighty
monarch has sent him an ambassador, and valu-
able presents. Were these received, the ET-
peror of Japan must, according to traditions es-
teemed as highly as laws, also on his side send an
ambassadth• to the Emperor of Russia, with pre-
sents of •at least equal value. But every inhabitant and
every ship of the empire is expressly forbidden to leave
the same. Moreover, Japan is so poor that it can offer
nothing comparable to objects of such costliness. The
Emperor can thus decidedly receive neither the ambas-
sador nor the presents. Japan has but few' wants, and
the productions of other countries are of little use to it.
If its soil denies to it a small number of really useful
productions, and if, custom has made it acquainted with
a few other wants, these are supplied to it in sufficient
quantity by its trade with the Chinese and the Dutch.
Besides, luxury must not be countenanced.. There are
great difficulties in the way of introducing an extensive
trade here, because all intercourse between the people
and foreign sailors is expressly forbidden by law." It
must be allowed this ultimatum delivered to Heron Von
Rceaonoff is as politely, as it is concisely and decidedly
expressed, and that the buccaneering expeditions of
the Russian naval officers, Chwostoff and Davidoff,
'Who shortly after attacked the island of Sachalih,
1 and wantonly encamped on the Japan Kuriles,
were ill calculated to make the Japanese abandon
their system. The at'empts of the Americans to
procure admission -into Nangasaki, k for their vessels
under the Dutch flag likewise failed, and when in
1837 the Marmion, an American ship, brought some
Japanese sailors, picked up by it, back to the native
country, the severe regulations were rigidly maintained
against them. Parker and Williams, who wrote an ac-
count of this voyage, declaim, like the English, against
the obstinacy of the Japanese, as people who understood
not the law of nations. The Europeans have not, how•
ever, often acted in a manner to command esteem. In
1808 Captain Pellew, in the English man-of-war
Phaeton, pursued some Dutch merchantmen into the
bay of Nangasaki, under the Netherlands flag, and the
agents suspecting nothing, went to meet him ; they were
taken prisoners and kept on board the Phaeton. The
Japanese governor, who is responsible to his Emperor
for the safety of the Dutch dwelling on Dezima, fell into
the greatest embarrassment, which was increased when
the Phaeton entered the harbour and steered right upon
Dezima, without a lootsen or permit. It was only with
much trouble that Captain Pellew was induced to depart.
This incident, as Siebald expressly remarks, has not been
forgotten in Japan, and the dislike towards England has
been
been thereby raised to a great height. The governor o
Nangasaki was reduced to such despair by the event,
that he assembled his family and servants, and, as is
the custom of the country, ripped Open his belly in their
presence. The other officers followed his example, and
the Viceroy of the province, although at the time at.
Jeddo, was cast in'o prison, because the officer appointed
by him had not been attentive enough. Besides this, the
family of the Governor was obliged to pay a year's sa-
lary of about 1,0001. sterling. Qu board of the above-

named ship, the Morrison, was the Chinese missionary
and interpreter, Gutzlaff, who was visiting the Chinese
coast in smuggling vessels, and who condemns most se-
verely the Conduct of the Japanese in 'thus excluding;
themselves from all intercourse with other nations. Ac-
cording to all probability, things wall take the following
course, either now or at some future time. Some Eng-
lish vessel, well manned and armed, appears before a
Japanese port fcr the purpose of engaging in trade. The
authorities do their duty and refuse it entrance. John
Bull, meanwhile, perseveres in his design, the Japanese
command him to quit the harbour, he refuses to stir, and
is warned to depart by a cannot shot from the harbour-
battery, and perhaps a ball kills a sailor. The English
now cry for vengeance, as the law of .nations has been
broken, war is declared, and finally peace is concluded,
after the Japanese have granted the English admis-
sion to such and such ports, and consented to pay so
much silver. At least that was the mode of procedure
in China. We see no peaceful way for England to
open to herself the Japanese markets. We will allow
that attempts are made, through the Chinese intervention,
to obtain permission to lay their wishes before the Court
of Jeddo by a special embassy, and that this wish is
granted. But then there are ten things to one against
success : first, that the English will not submit to the
huiniliating ceremonial to which the Dutch submit, and
thus certainly offend the Emperor ; and second, that an
"ultimatum is given to them similar to that received by
the Russian envoy forty years ago. The Dutch, too,
would act foolishly, unless they threw as many hin-
drances as possible in the way of their powerful rivals.
Besides, who could blame the Japanese for keeping as
fas as possible_ from them a people who, having, not a
hundred years ago built a miserable fort in the jungle on
the Hooghly, soon conquered all India therefrom ? The
island of Quelpaert, however, if possessed by the Eng-
lish, will at the same time be a wedge to open up both
Japan and China. The dragon of the Celestial Empire
has been forced to yield to the British lion ; the flag, of
Japan will also soon sink before that of Great Britain.
—A ugsburgh Gazette.

STATION ACCOMMODATION.
NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, AND WEST.
The following is a statistical sketch of the stations
on the principal working lines, showing the extent of
railway accommodation afforded to the various towns
and counties, with the corresponding population of each
county, according to the last census :
LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN.—The number of
stations on this line, from London to Birmingham, with
branch to Aylesbury, 120 miles, is in all 25, of which
Stations. Population.
5 are in Middlesex
7 in Herts 157,237
1 in Bucks 155,939
2 in Beds
5 in Northamptonshire
5 in Warwickshire

25 2,598,961
Showing that the London and North-Western, in its
first section of 120 miles between London and Birming-
ham, accommodates, with its five-and-twenty stations, a
population between north and south of 2,598,961.
On its branch from Northampton to Peterborough, 47
miles, there are 14 stations, all in Northamptonshire.
From Birmingham to Liverpool, 974 miles, there are
24 stations, of which
Stations. Population.
3 are in Warwickshire 403,121
9 in Staffordshire 510,206
9 in Cheshire
3 in Lancashire

24 2 974,691
So that this section in its 971 miles and 24 stations, ac-
commodates 2,974,691 souls.
On the Northern branch from Liverpool to Man-
chester, 30 miles, there are 21 stations, all in Lan-
cashire.

From B.rmingham to Manchester, 35 miles, there are
26 stations :-3 in Warwickshire, 9 in Staffirdshire, 11
in Cheshire, and 3in Lancashire. On the Chester and
Birkenhead in the same counties there are 11 stations in
16 miles.
Hence the London and North-Western accommodates
a population of upwards of three millions, over its total
area of 328 miles, exclusive of a large collateral traffic
from the north and south, and from Ireland and Scot-
land, having connected with its largely ramifying system
a total of 121 stations.

The West of England ranks next. On the Great
Western the total number of stations between London
and Exeter, including the branches to Oxford and Glou-
cester, a distance of 2401 miles, amounts to fifty. Of
these—
Population.
5 are in Middlesex 1,576,616
2 in Bucks
10 in Berks
3 in Oxfordshire 161,573
8 in Gloucestershire
4 in Wilts
14 in Somersetshire 436,002
4 in Devonshire 533,731

3,715,451

This shows that the. Great Western, running over a
less mileage, and through a less manufacturing district
than the North-Western, apparently accommodates a
larger local population, with its fifty stations and 240
miles, exclusive of its Welch traffic, than the North-
Western does with its 121 stations and 328 miles.
On the Midland (south branch), from Rugby to
Derby, 491 miles, there are 22 stations, of which—
Stations. Population.
1 in Warwickshire 402,121
14 in Leicestershire 215,855
3 in Nottinghamshire
4 in Derbyshire

1,139,951

On its north branch from Derby to Leeds, 73 miles,
the number of stations, including the branch to Sheffield,
is also 22, of which—
Stations. Population.
11 are in Derbyshire
11 in Yorkshire

On the western branch from Derby to Birmingham,
41 miles, there are 13 staticns, five being in Derbyshire
and eight in Warwickshire.
On its Bristol and Birmingham branch, for 90 miles
there are 30 stations, of which—
Stations. Population.
6 are in Warwickshire
10 in Worcestershire
14 in Gloucestershire

664,791

The Midland, consequently, accommodates on its
route of 260 miles, and with its 85 stations, a total local
population, independent of collateral traffic of 3,104,724
souls.

The Manchester and Leeds, on its route of 60 miles,
has 23 stations, accommodating the before-mentioned
population of Lancashire and Yorkshire.
This, with one or two exceptions, forms a summary of
the station accommodation of the kingdom north and
west.

Turning to the east and south-east, we find that the
number of stations on the Eastern Counties (Cambridge
line), for 83 miles, namely, from London to Brandon,
and including the branch to Hertford, is 33, of which—
Stations - Population.
7 are in Middlesex
11 in Flerts
9 in Essex . 344,995
4 in Cambridge . • 164,509
2 in Suffolk 315,129

33 2,558,486
Add to this the Norfolk line from Brandon to Yar-
mouth, 58 miles, there are— _ _

Stations. Population.
16 in Norfolk
On the Colchester line of the Eastern Counties, taking
the four stations on the Eastern Union, there are 18, all
but two in Essex, showing that the Eastern COunties, in
its route of 191 miles, supplies an average population of
2,971,107 with 68 stations.

On the London and Brighton, and South-coast, 56
miles, there are, exclusive of the Hastings and Chiches-
ter branches, 21 stations:—
Stations. Population.
8 in Surrey
13 in Sussex

701,891

On the South-Eastern, including the Canterbury,
Ramsgate, and Maidstone branches, there are 29 sta-
tions over 120 miles.
Stations. Population.
6 in Surrey 299,770
23 in Kent 548,161

847,931

The South-Western, over 88 miles from London to
Gosport, have 19 stations, exclusive of the Guildford
station.
Stations. Population.
10 In Surrey -299,770
8 in Hants

19 599,770
The London and Croydon has seven stations over ten
miles, all in Surrey.
The London and Blackwell has nine over a length of
less than four miles, and the London and Greenwich
four over a length of rather more than three.

WATERLOO-BRIDGE.--Since the stoppage of West-
minster-bridge, the daily average traffic over this
bridge, from six in the morning till six in the evening is
—foot passengers, 2,400 ; vehicles drawn by two horses,
960 ; ditto by three, 48 ; ditto by one, 2,648 ; trucks,
96 ; and "'addle horses, 30 ; according to the tolls
charged, giving a receipt of 441. 9s. 9d. per diem of 12
hours.
STOPPAGE OF CITY THOROUGHFARES.—On Satur-
day the Commissioners of Sewers gave notice that the
following thoroughfares would be stopped during the
month of October :—Princes•street. Rosemary-late,
Devonshire-street, Svreetapple-court, West-
street, Three Crane court, and Thames-street, for the
purpose of paving.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC .; JOURNALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

TIMES.—No one who has watched the stationary.
not to say the dubious, conclaion of mercantile affairs for
the whole of this year, will expect any decided results
from the quarterly returns of the revenue. If they still
permit us to hope, that is about as much as we could
possibly expect under almost unexampled difficulties.
After striking off what may be called the accidents of
the yearly and qaarterly compari4on, we find that we
can not oilly hope, but have' to some extent realised a
steady increase of prosperity. The extraordinary ant
unnatural gush of enterprise which marked the whole of
last year very possibly tempted the most prudent. to ex-
pect an earlier and a larger harvest from the great crop
of experiments, public and private, we then were sowing.
The nation is wiser this year than last, and has pro-
bably learnt also to be more moderate in its expecta-
tions. The Excise is usually considered the (thief tent
of prosperity. Under this head there is an increase
on the quarter amounting to 226,8201. There is no
visible reason why this sum should not be considered
a fair index of increasing consumption and
trade in exciseable articles. Last quarter, it will be
remembered, gave nearly an equal result as compared
with the July returns of the previous year. They who
are behind the scenes might possibly be able to inform
us whether both the July and October returns for 1845
were not somewhat depressed by-the drawbacks allowed
on those articles ,on which the duty had just been
abolished or reduced. Unless some such accident has
destroyed the equality of circumstances, certainly the
-Excise is prospering considerably. As for the compa-
ratively slight increase on the whole year, it is scarcely
necessary to remind our readers that the two first quar-
ters in the year ending October 10, 1845, had the benefit
of the old duty on glass, and some other considerable
items, lopped off or pruned in the spring of 1845 by the
shears of the beneficent Premier. As for the Customs,
they are a very_peculiar and capricious subject. Last year
we had to condole with Sir Robert Peel on the lamentable
circumstance, that under the operation of his sliding-scale
the abundant harvest of' 1844 had pinched his revenue
by the exclusion of foreign corn. The great finmeier's
own pet device had led to the singular and ridiculous re-
sult of changing a national blessing into a fiscal curse,
and setting at cress purposes the treasury and the
people. This year the corn-laws still intrude and dis-
turb the account. An aggregate duty, amounting to
nearly half a million, on the corn imported immediately
on the new Corn Bill coming into effect, has made the
Customs of this quarter, and, strange to say, of this year
also, almost exactly so much more than the Customs of
the quarter and of the year ending October 10, 1845.
But for that single importation, which must now be
looked upon as an extraordinary and exceptional occur-
rence, the two years and the,two quarters would present
just the same results. Could more, however, have been
fairly expected ? As for the comparison between the
two years, it must be remembered that the two first
quarters of the former year came under the old duties,
before Sir Robert Peel had struck off the
duties osi sugar, cotton, and some hundreas of
minor imparts, to the amount of two millions and
a half. The year just ended suffers not only that
amputation, but another, by no means inconsiderable,
inflicted this last session, and felt by the two last quar-
ters. There has been a double drop by free-trade mea-
sures in the two years. Under circumstances so very
unequal, and bearing so bard on the later members of
the comparison, it is very gratifying to find that the
quarter and the year just past have yielded a revenue
not inferior to that of the corresponding periods ending
Oct. 10, 1845. The natural improvement of the country
must be thanked for filling up the gaps made by "fiscal
remissions. If more has not come to pass—if, barring
the god-send of half a million on foreign corn, there is
after all only an equality—candour will recollect the
difficulties, the perplexities, and we must add, the
calamities of this year. Free trade, it will be said, was
to do great things. It could neither do great things in
a hurry, nor produce abundance invite nature. Free
trade is not an open sesame to give us at our bid-
ding transcendental prosperity over and above the
operations of the physical creation. It is true it has
thrown back those gates of Janus that nothing but war
should ever have closed, and it has this year brought in
between two and three million quarters of corn. But it
could only deal for the present with the existing material.
It could only bestow what there-was in the world. All
that food has come in, and yet we are on the eve of a
famine. On the average of this whole twelvemonth just
ended, food has been too high to allow the labourer and
the operative very much to spare for superfluoui com-
forts. The elements have starved both the Customs and
the Excise. What revensie are we now to expect from
the millions in Ireland, who cannot even buy their daily
bread ? What revenue from those in this country, Whose
bread eats up the whole of their humble allowance ? It
is enough that we have just managed to anticipate " the
catastrophe of an irremediable famine," which this day
twelvemen h we ventured to predict would " conclude
the drama, r rather the farce, of' protection."
CHRONICLE.—The country has awakened; has re-
flected, and is -now speaking out aloud. When the
Church as the only instrument of education was insisted
upon, there was a degree of supineness in England that
ignorance scarcely explained, and bigotry imperfectly
excused. The difficulties. that encumbered the teaching
of an English alphabet to an English pauper were (and
are) such as would excite the wonder of a Kickltahoo or
Potowhottamie Indian, if he could be brought to under-
stand them in the whole fulness of their absurdity. That
there must be some trouble in the matter he would con-
ceive ; since he might suspect that in respect to spelling-
books and schoolmasters alone there would be the price
of much tobacco and many beaver skins expended. This
he would see at the first glance. Proceeding in his rea-
soning, he would measure the value of the commodity
against the price. Here, whether he agreed with his
teacher or not, he would at least infer that the learning
was worth something—some beaver-skins and some to-
bacco ; though not so many or so much as the vendor of
the alphabetic mystery might demand. His doubts, how-
ever, upon this point would be converted into either con-
fusion or contempt, when the further explanation was
made .to him, that unless taught by certain men, and in
a certain manner, the power in question of understanding
alphabets was not only worth no tobacco and no beaver-
skins, but that it was absolutely prejudicialand perilous,
and that in England it was not imparted to people at all,
because parties were at variance as to the conditions
under which it should be communicated. Neither was
(nor is) there any teaching of the du' ies of education by
the way of example. Upon such matters numerous
writers, good and bad, had appealed to Government, with
illustration in all its forms ; with the whole artillery of
examples from the continent, and with encomia upon
foreign education. It was upon these points, and the
like of them, that llolland and Prussia were qnoted and
over-quoted by the German, and France and Switzer-
land by the Gallican school of ameliorationists. Never-
theless, it was just the lesson that we were predeter-
mined not to learn, either from Prussia or from France,
from Holland or from Switzerland, from Turkey or from
America—in short, from any portion of the habit-
able globe whatever. Grave men in shovel- hats
denounced it both in speeches and in charges, agricolous
squireens denounced it in post-prandial orations,
bitter Dissenters denounced it in petitions, and stripling
clergymen groaned over it at visitings and at tea-tables.
It was a lesson which we were determined not to he
taught. Now if these things at the present moment are
changing, and that after the rate and fashion that opi-
nions on the bread monopoly took to change, to what
must we attribute the alteration? To whatever it may
be attributed, it is not referable to an indifference upon
religious subjects. Church subscriptions, anti slavery
meetings, xeter-hall statistics, all join in the acquittal
of the present decennium of lukewarmness upon points of
spirituality. It is neither more nor less than common-
sense acting upon palpable facts. It is a clear compre-
hension of what is best calculated for the maintenance
of the public happiness. It is the deliberate determina-
tion that the welfare and existence of a great country
shall be guarded against the mischief's of popular igno-
rance, and the suicidal economics of deluded poverty.
As such we value the review in question, as much for
the evidence it affords as for the arguments it supplies.
Those who have faith enough to expect regeneration
from a Stanley Ministry have not faith enough to believe
in a permanent state of ignorance, or in the sufficiency
cf priests to remove it.

HERALD.—There is, perhaps, no country in Europe
of the same extent, in which a greater diversity of lan-
guage and manners exists than in Switzerland. Within
the limits of a small territory three different languages
are spoken—French, German, and Italian—and within
the twenty-two cantons of which the federated states
are composed, is to be found congregated as much jea-
lousy, hatred, envy, and bitterness, as could be raked
together amidst all the monarchies of Europe. Hence
the multitude of factions which have prevailed in Swit-
zerland during the last half century, and which for a
p• rind of forty years have threatened the independence
and the existence of the " land of the brave and the
free." The most pacific, and we \may say, as a neces-
sary consequence, the most progressive period of
Switzerland was from 1815 to 1830. During those
fifteen years new roads were constructed and old ones
improved—commerce and industry flourished—a more
rapid and a cheaper postal system was adopted—literary
and scientific and agricultural societies were established
—and Switzerland became the chosen residence of
some of the most distinguished men, and some
of the most renowned citizens of Europe. But the
French revolution of 1830 completely changed the
character and conduct of the Swiss nation. From
that period discontent, distrust, and disaffection have
become predominant. Religious has been auperadded to
political
jealousy—town has armed Itself against coun-
try—and country against town—canton has stood in
battle array against canton, and the very frame of the
federation seems to be dislocated and loosened. Meet-
ings have succeeded to meetings---concessions have fol-
lowed concessions—on the part of some of the federative
Governments—while others have " kept the word Of
promise to the ear, and broken it to the hope." But
concessions—promises—and open resistance, on the part
of-the Governments, have only produced one result on
the governed, i. e., augmented exacerbation and discon-
tent. It would appear that the scenes of December,
1830, are again to be re-enacted—again shall we have
vast assemblages of armed peasants and burghers, and
probably some new Troxter and Pfeffer may 2riw In
Geneva, in 1846, as in Aarau in 1830, In the Herald of
yesterday we gave such hurried details as reached us from
rarisi written late on Sktnrcil evening, and there it

t:'i ni

•1/411
erAf-e. < 1.7
- •
s't %-•••
ve6111(1 opptar did did poly tit Ai', intpiiihii,l4.:-.4";d4'
triuttiphant, Thidi '0
. • .
aft) a tool, calculating, pblc,e;44,Lio iibtp e, *ll4
doecribed as the Scotch of the Continent. Tht4.ts.,------
blessed or cursed with all that reflective and metholA 14
though often left-handrd 'wisdom with which " die
thrifty genius of the Tweed fortifies his children..;"
they are accustomed to the use of arms from their
earliest youth, anti trained while yet young to the
They pass a certain portion of each year in camps
and exercises, and being a bold, brave; and energetic
people, are not iu anywise inferior to the best European
troops. It is therefore not wonderful that a body of such
men, bound together by a common interest. and excited
by a common enthusiasm, should in the first instance
have succeeded agains-s the temporising Government of
Genera. The' Government of Genev•L . has been
called a risc,. Government ; but we call it a Perlis!:
GovertmLnt. It is neither one Oleg nor the •othi r.
'to-day it arp. acs Lownr,is I:eogress—to-m.r-
-row towards retrogy,ssim,

Luc Whedier

stitkriary, or reqegi-essive, it ),'lvsys do. It.
m giircola t 1e pure Lit, most 5r.c.,i0115, aixt pro-
FL)ttet ing and hol,fltig out it,ro. t') b ;
it is trusted by neilher and 11!).:ed by bo:11, en thts is
just now proved by the open ouOirc:di which it has Atid
to encounter. We fear, however, that the (lemoi,r,,tic
remodelling of the Swiss constitutions has not a:?,!el to
their happiness or their lik,erty, as it eerta:Wy into nut
in anywise enhance,' their ml.t..rial proly,r;t. There
appears a readiness to tesort to force and to the ?alma
ratio. incons:stent alike with order, law, or liberty. This
overflowing of the democratic spirit—this overbearing
kfluronce of armed, la% less, and intlammalle bodies, is
one of the worst and. most dangerous features_ of SAiss
democracy, and it must be put down either by the
Federal Government or by a stronger arm, in the interest
alike of the liberty and peace, not alone of Switzerland,
but of Europe.

L

ADVERTISER —The accounts from Ireland are as
gloomy as 'ever- If; indeed, there be any difference. in
their tenour, it is that the darkest aspects, in which tle
state of that country has been presented to us, are hourly
acquiring a deeper hue. The condition of matters is
represented by the latest arrivals as being of the most
appalling kind which the imagination could pie4ire .to
itself. The alarm felt fur the sat( ty of life and property
is great and universal. All confidence is destroyed.
Society is in a state of disorganisation. The tranquil-
lity of the country is wit worth an hour's purchase. We
have given credit to the Executive, so far as it has gone,
for a desire to yet up to the tremendous crisis which
has overtaken Ireland. But, as we said yesterday, it
has not gone far enough. Loans of money . for the
drainage and subsoiling of land are very excellent in
their w;iy ; but a mere improvement of the produc-
tive :powers of the land is not all that is re.
quired in an emergency like this. In many parts
of Ireland, especially in the northern section of the
country, the land has already been brought into a state
of high cultivation; and, consequently, in such cases,
grants of money will not be nee led for drainage or sub-
soiling. What the Government ought to have done
would have been to specify the various leading works
which they considered as coming within the meaning of
the Labour-rate Act, according to the more liberal con-
struction to be put upon its provisions since the publi-
cation of his Excellency's letter. Every one inquires,
but no one can answer the question, whether the execu-
tion of railways will come legitimately within the mean-
ing of the phrase " useful and reproductive works." As
to whether or not they ought to come within its waning,
there are not two opinions on the part of the, public.
The voice of England and Scotland, as well as of Ireland,
is in favour of the application of the public money to
the construction of Irish railways. Unhappily, how-
. ver, owing to the vagueness of the phraseology em-
ployed in the Lord-Lieutenant's letter, some persons
entertain doubts as to whether railways are included
under the general head of public works of a repro-
ductive character. That railways ought to be classed in
this category, nobody, we repeat, for a moment doubts.
The only apprehension is, that those to whom the expo-
sition of the phrase will be confided, may possibly not
give it this liberal and-enlightened interpretation. Now,
why should a moment's uncertainty be suffered to exist
on the subject ? A word from the Castle would remove
all doubts, and prevent any future misconception. We
believe that the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, when caus-
ing the letter to be penned, fully intended that money
should be advanced by the Government to Irish railway
compinies, whenever a duo pre6eutin!nt
_should be made,
with that view, by any of the baronies. How great the
pity, if oar assumption be correct, that the fact should
not be rublicly known. If it were, the best results
Would follow. Railway companies would commence
operations immediately, and the myriads now out of cm-
pf Tment, would be actively and permanently engaged
on new railways in less than a fortnight.

RAMSGATE, OCT. 12.—Lieutenant Wagnorn left
this haboui• this morning at five minutes past 10 o'clock,
in the South-Eastern and Continental Ste-am Company's
packet the Princess Maud, for Ostena, on his way to
Trieste, for the purpose of making 'arrangements for the
conveyance of the next overland despatches from India.
DETERMINED SUICIDE.--Yesterday morning, about
seven o'clock, the following determined suicide was
committed by a decently dressed man,. opposite the
Penitentiary, Millbank. Lie was observed walking about
Millbank for some time, apparently absorbed in thought,,
when he suddenly mounted the wall which runs along
the bank of the river, and jumped off into the water.
Several-labourers, who were at work near the place,
instantly ran to the spot, but the man had completed 11 s
object, for theie was nothing to be seen but the al hat
which he had worn, and which was floating with the
stream.

WEYUILL GREAT STOCK FAlR.—Yesterday this
great cattle fair was resumed, and notwithstanding tho
large sales of sheep and stock effected on Saturday, the
sheep pens- were equally well filled, and many fresh
droves of cattle were brought in, which was met with a
great demand, and many large buyers w ho had stood cut
now yielded to the owners' prices. Price young ewes
(Southdowns) went off at 38s. a head, and some pens of
choice-bred lots fetched 425. a head. Ewe lambs of the
best descrip.ion made from 30s. to 335. a head. Good
wethers were eagerly sought after. Two-year old sheep
made 335. to 395., and three-year old wethers, well bred,
were bought for folding off at 355. to 445. a head, and
good fat wether sheep maintained prices varying from
48s. to 545. a head. In bullocks a brisk sale was ob-
tained for the best steers and young store bullocks, and
well framed beasts for the fattening sheds sold at 12 to
16 guineas. Cows for dairying sold at 14 to 16 guineas.
This fair is much celebrated for its usual large sales of
cheeses. New cheese made 565. per cwt.; old cheese
558. to 60s. per cwt.; and the choicest quality of prime
old cheeses were caught up at 6.55., 705., and 75a. per
cwt., and many waggon loads were consigned to London.
The hop fair will commence this day.
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.—RUGBY, MONDAY, OCT.
12.—Another instance of the utility of the electric tele-
graph in detecting crime was afforded on Saturday last
at Rugby. The following telegraphic dispatch was re-
ceived at the Rugby station from Derby, at eight o'clock
on Saturday morning :—" Thomas Trotter, from Derby,
states that he has been robbed by a man that slept in the
same room with him at Derby last night of a silver
watch (described), and 31. 19s. in gold and silver."
(Rere fellows a description of the party suspected, but
as he, as well as the property missing, is in the hands of
the police, it is unnecessary to give it.) '1 he dispatch.
goes on to state that " the person who committed the
theft is supposed to have gone towards London." In
consequence of this communication, Inspector Faulkner,
in the employ of the London and North-Western Reale,
way Company, examined the persons of the passengers
who arrived by the next train (11 A.N.) from Derby,
when, from the description forwarded, he took the pri-
soner into custody on suspicion of having committed the
robbery, and upon searching him he found a watch, an-
swerirbe the description, and also a sum of money, ex-
actly tallying with the amount stolen, minus the railway
fare from Derby. Upon asking the prisoner his name,
he said it was Wm. Gilbert ; but upon being taken be-
fore Mr. J. W. B. Leigh, Mr. 11. S. Gibb, Mr. C. M.
Caldecott, and Captain Leake, he gave the name o; Wm.
Eltinton, and said that he came from Newcastle-upon-
Tyne. lie had for some time been employed on the Mid-
land Railway as a stoker. RemandM to allow time for
the attendance of the prosecutor. Mr. Troutr appeared
about five o'clock in the afternoon, and identified the
watch, &e , upon which the prisoner was transferred to the
custody of one of the inspectors of the Midland Railway
police, the robbery having been committed at Derby.
THE SOUTH DEVON RAlLWAY.—Considerable ex-
citement has been experienced by many persons in this
town and the neighbourhood in respect to the effect of
the recent heavy gales and high titles upon the works of
the South Devon Railway in the neighbourhood of
Teignmouth. The coincidence of a strong S.E. wind
with a high tide would, it was feared, very materially
damage the portion of the line between Teignmouth and
Dawlish ; nor have these fears been altogether ground-
less, for the effect of the gale and the high tide on Sun-
day night and Monday was to damage, considerably, a
portion of the tea wall between Dawlish and Teign-
mouth, near what is called the Parson Tunnel. This.
portion was what is termed dry wall, and not solid
masonry. The water covered the line, and the trains
were consequently obliged to feel their way very slowly,
the third class passengers being thoroughly "drenched
with the sea-water. On Tuesday the wind lulled and
slightly changed, and the damages were found (consist..
ing of washing the ballasting from under the rails, &c.)
to be such as to make it necessary that the trains should
stop at Dawlish, instead of running on to Teignmoutb.
On Wednesday evening the traffic between Teignmouth
and Dawlish was resumed. There was a meeting of the
directors on Tuesday, when they made a general survey
of the line from Starcross to Teignmouth. The sea
wall, in solid masonry, which was more exposed than
the portion damaged, was not the least affected by the
gaio.—Plymouth Tinier
ATTEMPT TO DESTROY LORD POSSE'S TELESCOPE.
ARMAGH, OCT. 10.—An act, influenced by the wildest
fanaticism, has just been committed in this neighbour•
hood, of which the following are the particulars;—On
Priday evening three respectably dressed individuals ap-
plied for permission to view the moon through Lord
Rosse's telescope. On its being granted, they ascended
the platform, and at the moment when the instrument
was depressed on a level with the horizon, one of them
advanced to the extreme end and cast a stone, which he
must have concealed for the purpose, at the speculum..
It happily did not take effect, and in the effort be fell and
fractured his right leg. They were immediately arrest-
ed, and are now undergoing an examination bel'ore the
Mayor, Mr. W. Payton, assisted by Mr. W. W. Aloe
and Mr. James Hardin. The latter gentleman, who hat
been here for some time observing the different phases
of the moon, has shown his usual ability in eliciting
from the prisoners their-motives for the attempt. 'They
state theeeselves to be from Cheltenham ; and the'one
wh":, &mew the stone expresses his regret at not having
destroyed the telescope, as he considers it " a blasphemy
for man to serutiniee too closely the works of the
Creator," and affirms that " the right hand of the Lord
will yet be employed to dash in pieces the %my." The
extiminatiou is still going on,