The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 11, 1845,

In Svo•, with Portrait, price 15s. bound,
THE MEMOIRS OF
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF
IR CHRI STOPHER HATTON,
K.G.,
By Sir N. BARRIS NICOLAS.
Are Now Ready.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street,
Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

13, Great Marlborough .street.
THE AUTHOR OF " WHITEFRIAR'S
NEW WORK, " CJESAR BORGIA,"
Is now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

RAILWAY SHARES BY PUBLIC SALE.
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SHARE AUCTIONEERS, beg to thank their Friends
and the Public for their continued support and patronage, and
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take place every TuEsDat and FRIDAY. at One o'clock, at the
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_ _ _

All Scrip and Share Certificates must be deposited, the day
previous to their being offered ; and advices of results will be
forwarded by the first post after the sale, and the proceods imme-
diately disposed of according to instructions.
Oflces, Hall of Commerce. Threadneedle-street. London.

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
THIS EVENING

Will be performed a ni;;7o7)Cra,;titled THE BONDMAN.
3larquls de Vernon, Mr. Weiss ; Floreville, Mr. Rafter ; Moliere,
Mr. Homca.stle ; La Valliere, Mr. Galli ; Ardenford, Mr. Harrison ;
Mal-a-Propos, Mr. Harley; Madame Corinne, Miss Romer; Grisette,
Miss Rebecca Isaacs ; Frivole, Mrs. Hughes.
After the Opera, will be presented a new grand Ballet, called
THE WAGS OF WAPPING (performed at the Academie Royale'
Paris, ander the title of " Betty.") In which will appear Mdlles.
Sophie Fuoco, Louise, Benart, Madame Giubilei ; MM. Hugttet,
Adrien, Pant, Tell ; Messrs. Howell, Priorson, 80c.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAY MARKET.
tinder the Management of Mr. B. Webster, sole Lessee.
TIIIS EVENING

Will be performed an original Comedy, entitled LOOK BEFORE
YOU LEAP ; or, Wooings and Weddings. Mr. Oddington, Mr. W.
Farren ; Mr. Rashleigh, Mr. Hudson ; Mr. De ti ere, Mr. 101 l ;
Mr. Brandon, 3i r. Howe ; Mr. Hardman, Mr. Rogers ; Jack Spriggs,
Mr. Webster ; Tam Tilley, Mr. Buckstone ; Miss Brown, Mrs.
Glover ; Claribel Oddington, Miss Forteseue ; Mary Oddington, Miss
I'. Horton ; Elinor Mortimer, Mrs. Yarnold ; Fanny Hardman,
Miss Julia Bennett.

After which the petite Comedy of PERFECTION. In which
MEssrs. Tilbury, MU, Clark ; Miss Reynolds (her first appearance),
and Mrs. Maltby will perform.
To be foliowod by a New Operatic Drama, called TUE YOUNG
PRETENDER- Captain O'Neal, Mr. Hudson ; Captain Cocker,
Mr. Buclistone ; Chevalier Charles Edward Stuart, Mr. Braid ; Mrs.
Craggie, Mrs. Clifford ; Mary Armadale Miss P. Borten.
During the evening the Band will perform the Overture, " Pre
aux Clercs," " Clementincn" (Mazourka); " Camellion " (Calop) ;
the " Esterhazy" (Walzer); and a New Overture.
To conclude with the Farce of MAKE YOUR WILLS. Messrs.
Buckstone, Tilbury. Benda], Miss Telbin, and Mrs. Stanley will
sustain the principal characters.
Box-office open from Twelve till Four ; under the direction of
Mr. T. Archer, Box Book-keeper.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE.
THIS EVENING

Will he performed a grand Fairy Spectacle, founded on the Ballet
of LA GISELLF_:, entitled THE PHANTOM DANCERS ; or, the
Wills Bride. Principal characters by Mr. Wright, Mr. P. Bedford.
Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. Collen Cord, Madame Celeste, Miss Marian Taylor,
Miss Emma Harding, Miss Ellen Chaplin, and Mrs. Laws.
After which the original Domestic Drama, called THE WRECK
ASIIOIIE ; or, The Bridegroom of the Sea. Marmadukc Magog.
Mr. Wright ; Alice, Mrs. Yates.
To conclude with a Bozzian Sketch, in one act, called MRS.
GAMI"S TEA AND TURN-OUT. Principal characters by Messrs.
Cullentord, Worrell, Ryan, Wright, Munyard ; Miss M. Taylor,
and Miss Ellen Chaplin.

nu NC ESS'A THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET.
J. M. Maddox, sole LQSSC.O and Manager.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed an original romantic Opera, in three parts,
entitled TILE NIGHT DANCERS ; founded on the Story of
" Giselle." The principal characters personified by Miss Cleorgiana
Smithson, Miss Rourke, Mies Sara Flower, Miss Somers, Misses
Marshall; Messrs. I.ellbr, Allen, Bodda, Walton, T. Hill, Renner,
Pere'', &c.
After which an entirely new Comic Drama, entitled THE TWO
PAIN OWS.
In the course of the Evening the Band will perform " The Perlen
Waltzes."
To conclude with Goldsmith's Comedy of SHE STOOPS TO
CONQUER. Sir Charles Marlow, Mr.. Wynn ; Young Marlow, Mr.
Vining; Hardcastle, Mr. Granby; Tony Lumpkin, Mr. Compton;
Hastings, Mr. Roxby ; Piggery, Mr. Cowell ; 31iss Ilardcastle, Mrs.
Stirling; Miss Neville, Mrs. Hughes ; Mrs. llardca.stie, Mrs. Fosbroke

FRENCH PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
Leas:T. Mr. John AI
THIS EVENING
Will be performed LA MARRAINE. M. de Jordy, M, Mas-
guiltier ; Edouard, M. Berou ; 'Madame de Nevis, Mdlle, Vallee ;
Cecile, Mdlle. I.eyder.
After which, LE CODE DES FEMMES. Paul Fauvel, M.
Rhozevil ; Mignonet, M. Cartigny ; Remain, M. Pagenicr ; Louchon,
M. Priston ; Emma, MV.arne Angelo ; Femme de Chambra.
Leydir.
To be followed by a new Comedy, Waled LES TROIS CRISPINS.
Raymond Poisson, M. Perlet ; Mar ane, Mdlle Brohan.
To con-ludo with the Vaudeville of L'AMBASSADEUR. Cha-
racters by MM. Perlet, Langeval, Berm ; Mdlle. Celine Fouquet
and Mille. Brohan.
Boxes, 65.; Pit, 3s. 6d. ; Stalls, 33.; Gallery, 2s. Doors opened at
half-p...st Seven, and the performances commence at Eight.

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Lessee, Mrs. Frances Davidge.
THIS EVE) 'NG
Will be performed the Play of A NEW WAY TO PAY OLD
➢EBT 3. Si{ Giles Overreach, Mr. J. R. Scott ; the other cha-
racters will be personified by the acknowledged talent of the
Com' any.
After which a grand Military Ballet of Action, entitled LE REVE
DU SOLDAT. The characters supported by Mdlle. Theodore and
the DeWitt Family.
To conclude with the New Drama, called PASSION'S SLAVE ;
•r, The Outcast Son. Supported by the principal talent of the
Company.

AST LEY'i; ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty.
Patronised by her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Prince
Albert, and Royal Family.
Notwithstanding the present concentration of novelties, and the ex-
pensive engagements entered into with the most eminent British
and Foreign Artistes for the Christmas Holidays, Mr. BATTY has
purchased the whole of Mr. White's trained Lions, Tigers, Leo-
pards, Ike. Likewise in preparation, a splendid Comic FAIRY
PANTOMIME, with other Gymnastic and Equestrian novelties.
THIS EVENING
Will be performed a grand new Magical Equestrian Romance, en-
titled TILE DEMON HORSE ; or, Thu Twelve Wishes and the
Charmed Bit.
New and entire change in the SCENES of the CIRCLE.
To conclude with the grand Military Spectacle of TIIE BATTLE
OF WATERLOO. Napoleon, Mr. Gomersai.
Box-of-lice open from eleven till live o'clock.—Doors open at six
an I c ;mmence et half-past six o'clock.—Stage Manager, Mr. W.
Broadfoot.

THE WEATHER.—Sun OFFICE, DECEMBER 11.
TEIERMOMETER, Lowest, 25; Highest. 44 ; Noon, 32,
BAROMETER, 29.66.—W1ND N.W., sharp frost.

WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE Tills DAY.
Horning .. 7 minutes after 7. Evening .. 36 minutes after 7.

lately perished from sheer starvation. Nine ! Death
by farnino has been the verdict of the coroners' juries
upon those nine emaciated corpses. One man, who
had ineffectually applied for aid to the local relief
Committee, and a woman, who was incapable of
working from her extreme debility, died at Turlough;
another man at Bellina ; two more at Crossmolila;
another at Cloonralogh ; one at Notish ; one at Bally-
moholy; and another at Shangurta. We shall abstain
from dilating upon the torments and the desolation by
which these cruel deaths must have been preceded)
because we conceive that in so doing we should be
profaning the sanctuaries of an unrepining destitu-
tion. A people dying away through want of the
commonest food, without the means of obtaining a
mouldy crust, or the chance of earning a halfpenny
by the toil of their limbs, is one of the most awful
spectacles in artificial society ; but that spectacle is
immeasurably more awful when the land in which they
are perishing proverbial for its fertility, and the
Government, under whose shadow they are falling,
is so illustrious for its potency. It is not, however,
so much to the Government that we should look
for the prevention of this calamitous decimation—it is
to the local authorities, it is to the relief committees
which have undertaken to decrease the adjacent
impoverishment, it is to the magistrates, the landlords
and the wealthier classes generally in the several ba-
ronies. Unless the more competent and influential pro-
tectors of the peasantry bestir themselves betimes, unless
they are sedulous in their researches after the penni-
less and the foodless in their neighbourhood, unless
they abstain more from the refusal of applications for
relief, these nine famine-stricken Irish are only the
predecessors of so many hundreds. It is not only for
the more immediate salvation of the destitute
that so much exertion is required from the less
afflicted members of the community—it is for the
ultimate advantage, and maybe for the imme-
diate preservation of the latter. Extreme want is as
powerful an incitement to crime and insubordination
as the evilest of evil passions. Goaded on by the ra-
vages of hunger, the most peaceful are transformed
into the most rebellious, the utmost gentleness
into the most obdurate cruelty, the most virtuous
citizens into the most desperate criminals. And
in Ireland famine is rendered an infinitely more
powerful excitation to violence, inasmuch as it is act-
ing upon men naturally passionate and enthusiastic.
There are already unfortunate evidences of the
formidable consequences of the still existing
visitation. Instead of welcoming the individuals
deputed to bestow upon them the wages and
employment determined upon by the Board of Works,
instead of receiving the officers of that noble institu-
tion as their saviours, the half-maddened peasants
subject them to maltreatment. If we may credit a
hideous rumour in a respectable Irish newspaper, one of
the appointed overseers has recently been assassinated
in the county. Clare, having been actually " cut to
pieces with reaping-hooks." Whether this almost in-
credible intelligence be based upon an actual or an
imaginary occurrence, it is indisputable that the
agents of the Board of Works are frequently mo-
lested in the discharge of their generous and bene-
volent duties. Sometimes they are treated with
extreme brutality, and their lives are continually in
peril. What a horrible condition is this for a civi-
lised people ! What a bitter mockery to the advance-
ment and diffusion of knowledge—to the spread of
morality—to the vaunted happiness and grandeur of
the British islands !I Such an accumulation of
misery is unknown amongst the Carribeans, or the
inhabitants of the Marquesas. In destroying the
officers of the Board of Works, the Irish peasantry
are immolating their benefactors as dastardly, as
vilely, as cruelly, as did the Dantonists the lovers of
peaceful regeneration. The heinous guilt of these
crimes, however, is not attached to the mass.
it is attached to the lawless perpetrators alone,
By delivering these disturbers of public tranquillity
up to justice—men who have the deplorable
audacity to deride the laws both of GOD and man—
the more gentle and unrebellious sufferers may hasten
their own extrication from misery, and, in doing so,
simultaneously remove a curse from their native land.
Unless the righteous members of that community
act thus boldly, and thus honestly, the anticipation of
the Irish melodist can never be realised, " the rain-
bow of hope " to Ireland can never emerge,
_ _

" Bright through the flood.
Of her tears and her blood."

Unless such a natural course be pursued, the
peasantry will still continue to perish in their cabins
like dogs, the visible ban of poverty will still remain
upon that misgoverned and afflicted country.

We yesterday pointed out the great differences ex-
isting between the cases of the proprietors of lands
and of the parties who have advanced their capital on
the security of those lands. The first class are spe-
culators in the value of the soil—they will reap the
entire benefit of any improvement in its price, and
should therefore be fairly responsible for any loss that
may be sustained. They enjoy all the rights and
privileges incidental to the possession of that
description of property, they are likewise bound to
perform all the duties appertaining thereto. The
other parties, on the contrary, have a certain fixed
sum, which, under any circumstances, they must re-
ceive; they cannot claim more in seasons of extraor-
dinary fertility and prosperity ; they cannot be re-
quired to receive less in times of scarcity and
famine. The property in the land is respon-
sible to them for a certain fixed amount of
money ; on payment thereof, with all interest, it will
be discharged from any further liability, no matter
what may be its improved value ; and it cannot be
exonerated for a lower amount, whatever might be its
depreciation. For ages the landowners have had the
best of the speculation ; it is notorious that the value
of land has within the last 7() or 80 years (and there
are many charges on estates in Ireland of a much
longer date) been more than quadrupled, while the
value of money has materially fallen. And it would
be in the highest degree unreasonable, now that cir-
cumstances are in some degree altered, to suppose
that any portion of the present burden or loss
should be cast upon the mortgagees or encum-
brancers. There is no possibility of the Legislature
sanctioning any principle so unjust and inequitable.
But, even supposing that such a project were in
contemplation, what would be its immediate effect ?
Why, manifestly, that every encumbrancer would take
the most summary steps to enforce the payment of
his demand. The Legislature could scarcely be
asked to enact a suspension of cash payments in
favour of the landowner ; they could not be required
to blot out all debts chargeable on, or payable out of
real property, or to reduce them by a certain per
tentage. The right to sue, to demand the immediate
payment of his principal, must still be reserved to the
creditor, whenever the time stipulated for the repay-
ment has expired, unless every law of credit, as well
public as private, is to be violated and destroyed, and
that we should collectively and individually become a
nation of repudiators. There is, therefore, little pros-
pect that Parliament will recognise any proposi-
tion so monstrous as to subject the mortgagees
or encumbrancers to any portion of the burdens al-
ready incurred, or which may hereafter be imposed.
Neither would it be for the benefit of the landowners
themselves that such should be the case; on this
ground, therefore, there is no reasonable cause for the
panic to which we have alluded.

The foregoing observations are general in their ap-
plication to every landowner and encumbrancer
throughout the entire kingdom. What we are about
to state with respect to the only other ground that
could justify the fears of the creditors, and which, if
well founded, might induce them to institute pro-
ceedings for the recovery of their debts, viz., an inabi-
lity on the part of the landlords to meet the demands
for interest, in consequence of the present distressed
state of the country, and the great difficulty expe-
rienced in the collection of rents, must, to a certain
extent, depend on the circumstances of each parti-
cular case—the relative value of the estate to the
amount of the charges with which it is burdened, the
state and solvency of the tenantry, the number and
size of the farms, and a variety of other circum-
stances too numerous to specify in detail. We hope,
however, to be enabled to establish that estates in
Ireland are as good securities as they ever have been
for the several sums advanced upon them, and that
the greatest inconvenience that any prudent encum-
brancer can be subjected to, is the affording of a
temporary indulgence to his debtor, and allowing him
a prolonged period for the payment of his interest,
which, in fact, is less in amount than what he must

sustain if he forthwith filed a bill in equity for the
purpose of enforcing payment of his charge, and
acted in the most harsh and oppressive manner to-
wards the unfortunate owner.

Every prudent lender, before he consents to advance
his money on the security of land, or, being already
advanced, before he will be satisfied to suffer it to
remain outstanding, will have ascertained that there
is an ample margin to cover any losses that may be
sustained by reason of bad seasons, deficient crops,
defaulting tenants, and the innumerable other de-
scription of losses to which the proprietors of land
are subject. In addition thereto he must also allow
for the expenses of a foreclosure suit and of a receiver,
in the event of either being rendered necessary by
the neglect or default of the borrower. There
should also be a surplus for the maintenance and
support of the owner, otherwise there would be
little prospect of a regular payment of interest,
as the necessities of the debtor would most
assuredly lead lweandichtohte could lay
of any sums of
m
lay his hands ; an embar-
rassed and needy man would have little regard to the
abstract rights of his creditor. The general rule
adopted by legal practitioners, when called on to
advise respecting an advance of money, is never to
recommend a client to lend more than one-half the
present value of the property—indeed, scarcely so
much, for the interest to be paid should not exceed
half the annual income. Under any other circum-
stances it is not the interest of any party that things
should remain in state quo. The creditor cannot
hope for punctual payment, the debtor will be kept
in a constant state of annoyance and difficulty ; he
cannot discharge the duties incidental to his position,
he will be unable to encourage or assist his tenantry
to aid in the improvement of the lands,
to make judicious allowances, to act the part which
humanity would dictate in the event of any misfor-
tunes happening to those who are dependent on him,
and who look up to him for that fatherly care and
protection that a landlord should extend to his te-
nantry, which the nature of their mutual relations
demand at his hands. The attempt to retain the po-
sition of landlord in such circumstances is, therefore,
injurious to all parties—to the creditors, to the owner,
to the tenantry, and to the public at large. We trust
that some measuie will pass the Senate during the
ensuing session for simplifying the transfer of such
estates. The parties in every such case should, by
mutual agreement and co-operation, strive to have
the lands disposed of in the most expeditious and
cheapest manner. Our observations, therefore,
(which the want of space compels us to postpone for
this day,) must be taken as directed to cases where
the charges and encumbrances do not exceed half the
present value of the property."

The news from Portugal, brought by the Cyclops,
is of a very contradictory character. It appears
that Spain has been actively interfering in support
of the Afrancesado party, and has furnished CASAL,
who was driven into Spain by SA DA BANDEIRA,
with arms, ammunition, and every sort of assistance.
CABAL returned to Portugal, and purchased his vic-
tory over SA DA BANDEIRA by a liberal expenditure
of the dollars which he had received from Spain, with
which he corrupted the two regiments of the line, who
deserted from SA DA BANDEIRA in the midst of the
battle. I)As ANTAS still continues in Santarem, where
he is well supplied with provisions. If he can hold his
position for a few weeks, SALDANHA must either at-
tack him or retire, as during the rainy season the
plains about Santarem are flooded.

The following is the latest account of the move-
ment of SCIIWALBACI! and BOMFIM. The latter has
completely out-manceuvered the QUEEN'S General:—
" Schwalbach's intention being to join Saldanha, he
proceeded from Estremoz to Coruche, closely followed
by the insurgent General Bomfim, his object being to
reach Salvaterra, and Bomfim's to get to Santarem by
flanking him. Saldanha knowing Bomfim's intention,
sent 600 men across tho Tagus to Schwalbrch's assist-
ance, with orders to him to turn back and give battle; but
Bomfim taking another direction, out-generalled his op-
ponent, and got to Santarem on the 28th. Bomfim had
1,600 men, and Schwalbach about 1,000. The city of
Evora has now upwards of 2,000 men in arms, and is ex-
pecting 500 or 600 more from Algarve. Bomfim has 250
irregular cavalry, well mounted, armed, and drilled, and
commanded by regular officers from the army. One of his
guerilla parties captured 18 contos (4,5001.) at Alcacer
do Sol, and delivered every farthing of it to Bomfim at
Monte Mor, with which ho has paid his troops. He has
an excellent staff. The whole of Alemtejo is now in
the possession of the popular party, who are organiz-
ing troops. juntas, &c. Elvas has only 150 men in gar-
rison. It is the only place in Alemtejo that obeys
the Queen's Government. Celestino is with Bomfim.
Count de Mello is Governor of Evora. The people
there are in high spirits, and well able to resist any
attack. All that is known from Oporto is, that Sada
Bandeira is now there. He was worsted in the affair
with Casal at Valpassos, but no particulars subsequent
to it are known."

The Duke of PALMELLA bas gone to Gibraltar,
having been ordered by her MAJESTY to go on his
travels.

The Marquises of Valloda, Minas, Niza, and
Fayal, Counts Ribeira, Rio, Maior, Arcos, Alva, Al-
cacovas, Galveas, and other noblemen, have either left
Lisbon for Cadiz, or have sought refuge from per-
secution on board the English squadron and French
brig of war. _.. .

The Diario publishes a decree for the union of the
Bank of Lisbon and the Confiancia Company :
" The joint establishment is to be called the Bank of
Portugal, with a capital (in paper chiefly) of 11,000
contos, or about 2,400,0001. It is to have the exclusive
privilege for 30 years of issuing notes, and its notes are
to be legal tenders. The notes of the now extinct Bank
of Lisbon are to continue in circulation, to the amount
of 5,000 coutos, and to be legal tenders, for the whole
of every payment, to the end of June, 1847; fur two•
thirds, to the end of 1848 ; and for one-half, from that
to the period of their being finally paid off--for which
purpose the Bank of Portugal is to set apart an annual
sum of 216 contos.

Madrid papers of the 3d have arrived. They con-
tain no intelligence of importance.
MADRID BOLSA, DEC. 3.—The Thrce per Cents.
closed at 34i ; the Four per Cents. at 21 ; the Five per
Cents. at 21k; and the Coupons not capitalised at 19i.

We have recived the paris papers of Wednesday.
The Presse gives the following as the analysis of
the protest of M. GIIIZOT against the annexation Of
Cracow :

" The explanations which we have given of the pro-
test addressed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs to M.
de Metternich in reply to the notification made to the
former of the incorporation of the Republic of Cracow
with the Austrian states having been contested. We
have had recourse to fresh information, and we
can now fully confirm, at least as far as regards their
groundwork, the first explanations we published. This
protest bears date the 3d inst.; it is in the form of a dis-
patch, addressed to Count de Flahault, our ambassador at
Vienna. It contains six pages, and, if we are well in-
' formed, it was read on Sunday last to Lord Normanby,
M. d'Arnim, and M. de Kiseleff. The character of the
document is serious and gloomy. It bears the imprint
of a deep conviction of the moral disorder which must
result from the act of the three Powers in the situation
of all the states of Europe. It may be conceived that,
in a document of this nature, all the expressions in
which should be seriously weighed, the opinion of the
French Government, however energetic it may be as far
as concerns the act complained of, indicates rather than
expresses the consequences which France may one day
draw from this attack on the European order of things
as founded by treaties. It is not a declamation of a
journal addressed to superficial understandings, but a
serious and severe judgment, calculated to excite the
consideration of cabinets. Such a document as that
alluded to ought not to contain either recriminations or
threats, or that declaration of war against the three
Powers which the unreflecting enthusiasm of some, or
the ardent desire of social perturbation of others, would
have wished to find in it ; but a moderate and energetic
exaptrethssees
expression of the profound injustice, the want of wisdom
of the act of the 16th November, and of the conviction
that it gives to all the powers of Europe the most entire
Frenchpaizul Cabinet
surprise
freedom with regard to treaties thus destroyed. The
resolution
the
first
of placethe its
Powers.eleepl
andt
shows that they have yielded to secondary and
accessory motives
the general and more powerful
reasons which commanded respect for treaties—of
those treaties, the object of more than one resistance,
and which have created sufferings of more than one kind.
It calls to mind, in lively terms what Poland has been,
and shows that there was no reason to feel surprise at
seeing the scattered members of that great state so
vio-
lently destroyed still experience some convulsions.
Poland has lost in the political world the rank which
she has preserved in history ; she has been destroyed,
divided, The treaties which recognise such facts do
not suddenly cause to disappear the agonies which
result from them. The French Cabinet refutes the
reasons given by the Court of Vienna to justify the
taking possession of Cracow. It explains or contests
the facts. The Ring's Government, it p,y.s, cannot
admit so many assertions contrary to principles. It
establishes that the articles of the Me of
Vienna, and the treaty of 3d May were not the
exclusive work of the three Powers, and that the fate
of Poland was regulated by a European ,
deliberation.
It was not, therefore, perLitted to the tnrce ovvers
to suppress the results of that d, be ration The d,s •
patch solemnly protests against the act of the three
Powers. France, it says, might congratulate herself on
an act which would authorise her, by a just reciprocity,

in henceforward only consulting her interests and cir-
cumstances; but such is not the feeling which she enter-
tains. and it is strange enough that it should be her
which finds herself obliged to take on herself the defence
of the faith of treaties, and to call the attention to them
of Powers who have so grievously failed. Such is the
conclusion of the dispatch. In order that it may not be a
useless appeal to respect treaties, the Minister has taken
care to point out that no power can release itself from
them without at the same time releasing all the others
who are parties to them. Such are the contents,
with diplomatic reserve, of this protest, in which it
might have been desired to have found a deeper
discussion on the point of right, but which
establishes with dignity and a great elevation of thought
the situation of France in this affair. After having read
it, no doubt can be any longer felt on the question now
discussed by the German press;as to whether the French
Cabinet was informed before-hand of the resolution of
the threefowers. There results from it also the con-
viction that France regards herself as released, and that
the Powers have freed her from the treaties of Vienna
by releasing themselves from them. This is said in
terms .as clear as diplomatic reserve and circumstances
permit. France has, therefore, pris acts (taken formal
notice of) of the infraction committed on the treaties of
1815. We shall return, on the first opportunity, to the
situation that results to her from it, and we shall point
out all the extent of the right which is acquired to licit,
and of the perturbation caused in Europe by the resolu•
tion against which she has just protested."
The state of the corn market is producing a feeling
of alarm throughout France. Prices are continually
rising. Those who are well versed in the statistics of
the corn trade declere that, notwithstanding the recent

importations, there is not at the present moment a
sufficient quantity of corn in France to supply the
wants of the population till the next harvest. The

supply, they say, is short by 25 days' consumption of
the whole kingdom. On this subject the Debats has
the following :
The most extraordinary and erroneous accounts are
daily given on th© movement of corn in France. It is,
however, easy to attain precision through the agricul-
tural statistic published by the Minister of Commerce
from 1837 to 1841 inclusively. Although the facts it
presents may not be of absolutely rigoroue exaeitude,
they are certainly as near the truth as can be, for they
are the results of a special inquity made officially under
the control of a public administration. The following is
an analysis of the numerous tables which this document
gives on this subject. The quantity of land used in
growing corn in France is nearly 14,000,000 hectares
(the hectare is about two acres and a half English),
and, therefore, extends over a little more than one-

fourth of the superficies of the country, which is
52,768,610 hectares, or nearly three-fourths of the
cultivated land. The other cultivations, in fact, occupy
together about 5,500,000 hectares, nearly 2,000,000
of which are covered with vineyards. The totality
of the cultivated, land in France reaches, therefore,
to 20,000,000 hectares, and thus represents 38 parts out
of 100 of the soil of the nation. The annual produc-
tion of corn amounts, in ordinary years, to nearly
183,000,000 hectolitres, (the hectolitre is equal to rather
more than two bushels and three-quarters English),
that is to say, 70,000,000 in wheat, 12,000,000 in
meteil (mixture of rye and wheat), 28,000,000 in rye,
17,000,000 in barley, 49,000,000 in oats, and 7,000,000
iu maize. Out of the total quantity the seed-corn takes
a little more than 28,000,000 hectolitres, or 15 per
cent. Consequently there remains for consumption in
food 155,000,000 hectolitres, deducting from which the
proportionate part of the oats, leaves for the nourish-
ment of man 116,000,000 hectolitres ; others say
110,000,000. Taking these last figures, which appear
to be the most exact, there is for daily consumption in
France about 329,000,000 hectolitres, making 343 litres
per head per annum, of 94 hundred parts of a litre per
head par day, or about 700 grammes (24 ounces and three-
quarters English). This is about one-third more than is
consumed in England, and as near as may be one-fourth
less than each inhabitant consumes in America. The annual
importation of foreign corn into France is about
1,000,000 hectolitres, the major part of which is re-
exported either in the grain or in the flour. Thus, as
will be evident, an infinitely small portion, not more,
perhaps, than one three-hundredth part, is added by
purchase from abroad to the native production; but it is
nevertheless proved that this, with the aid of reservations
made from the produce of favourable years, is just suffi-
cient for the national wants. The cultivation of corn in
France, therefore, cannot be neglected without danger.
In bad or medium years it is absolutely necessary to
have recourse to foreign countries for corn; and the im-
ports rise to three, four, or five millions of hectolitres,
which may suffice to supply food for the country for ten,
twelve, sixteen, or seventeen days. Scarcely ever does this
importation exceed this limit. In 1832, however, it ap-
proached seven millions of hectolitres, or food for about 22
ddys. This is the largest quantity of corn which France
ever received from aroad. It represented the current
value of 90,000,000 francs. We have, however, had
years in which scarcity of corn was much more sensibly
felt than in 1832, and when, notwithstanding, the im-
portations were much less. This may have arisen from
there being a less abundance of corn in the foreign
markets, and also from accidental difficulties attending
the transport The conveyance of corn by sea may,
from the state of the weather or from the want of
shipping, and from other causes, meet with great
obstruction. To transport only one million of hec-
tolitres, no fewer than 300 vessels, of from 200 to 250
tons burden each, are required. An idea may from
this be formed of the number of sea-going
ships and of boats or barges, and carts or waggons re-
i quisite for the transport to the shore and conveyance into
the interior of the country, of between 4,000,000 and
5,000,000 hectolitres, as has been done this year.
It may also be judged from what we have said of the
extreme susceptibility of the corn trade, since a deficit
of only a few days' consumption in the harvest excites
the most lively alarms in the minds of the people, and
gives extraordinary activity to the speculators, and thus
raises the prices beyond all measure. But it results also
from an examination of facts, during the last 25 or 30
years, that purchases of foreign corn, even when well
directed, have scarcely sufficed to re-establish the balance
of quantity, to allay the fears of the people, and reduce
considerably their sufferings and privations. This is
what will infallibly happen this year. We will now
remind the public that the farmers have in this century
gained a great and valuable auxiliary to their produce
of corn—we mean the potato, which 50 years ago pro-
duced in France scarcely 30,000,000 hectolitres, and
which now yields 100,000,000 hectolitres, that is to say,
a quantity which, in a few more years, may double the
production of the land for the special food of man."
In reply to the statements that have appeared. in
some of the papers, as to the probability of an ap-
plication being made by the Bank of France to the
Bank of England, for assistance, the National says—
" We hope that the Bank of France will not put the
well-known prudence of our neighbours to the test. In
fact the Bank of France is in no want of assistance. It
possesses more wealth than is required to meet all de-
mands. Besides its en caisse is increasing, and this will
without doubt, strengthen the nerves of the directors.
They will, without doubt, learn by what has passed, how
culpable they were in testifying such extreme alarm, in
creating anxiety to commerce, in abandoning themselves
in short to an excessive panic, when they had in their
hands the means of giving confidence to themselves and
to the public." •
We mentioned a few days since that a dispute had
taken place between the French Consul at the Mau-
ritius and Admiral DACRES. The following version
of the affair, and of the steps adopted in consequence,
are given in the Constitutionnel :
" Some journals have lately spoken of a conflict which,
they declared, had taken place at the Mauritius between
M. Barbet de Jouy, the French Consul, and Admiral
Dacres, in command of the English station. The follow-
ing are the facts, such, we understand, as they really
were :—Admiral Dacres had his flag on board the Pre-
sident frigate. This officer, wishing to give a ball on
board to the principal persons of the island, made the
necessary preparations, and sent out his invitations. M.
Barbet de Jouy, the French Consul, received one like the
rest ; but some hours before the ball two officers, in the
uniform of the British navy, called on M. Barbet, and
informed him that they had been sent by their command-
ing officer to withdraw the invitation which he had re-
ceived ; they added that the cause of their visit was an
infringement of the rules of etiquette, of which M.
Barbet had been guilty, in not having gone to visit the
Admiral, although he had been some time there. M.
Barbet, offended, wrote immediately to the governor of
the island to demand reparation ; he also wrote a letter
to Admiral Dacres breathing great indignation, and in
which he rendered to that officer insult for insult, adding
that were it not for his peculiar situation he should send
him a challenge. In a report sent to the Minister of
Foreign Affairs, M. Barbet relates, as we areinformed,
all i
that we have just narrated, and, in addition, trans-
mits to the Minister a letter from his colleague, the
Consul of the United States at the Mauritius, affirming
that he had been present at the Admiral 'a ball, without
any opposition on the part of the English officers, and
without having, any more than M. Barbet, paid him a
Visit. On his side, the Admiral, as it appears, trans-
mitted to the Foreign-office the letter which M. Barbet
sent him. This letter is annexed to a dispatch which
Lord Palmerston _sent to I a few days back. The
British Minister demands that M Barbet de Jouy be
recalled, and announces that if his demand be not at-
tended to, the erequatur of the Queen of Great Britain
shall be withdrawn from that person. Such, it is said
is the state in which the affair rests." ,

A letter from Algiers, of the Ist December, says,
that the release of the prisoners was only obtained by
paying a ransom of 30,000 francs to the Arabs, who
had them in their custody, and who refused to obey the
orders of ABD-EL-KADER for their liberation until
this sum was paid to them. Marshal BUGEAUD has
refused to permit the celebration of a funeral service
at Algiers for the late Marshal BOURMONT.
The Moniteur publishes a royal ordonnance, open-
ing a credit of .500,000 f. to the Minister of the
Interior, for the repair of the damage done to the
vicinal roads by the late inundations ; and an ordon-
nance, granting a credit of 800,000 f. to complete the
payment of the premiums of encouragement to the
whale and cod fisheries.

A report was current on the Paris Bourse on Wed-
nesday of the death of Prince METT, ttmcit.
ll
d IC,
oiittres, Rouen, boat. 6,3zr 50e.;
Great Northern, 6421. 50c.; Avignon, 8821. 50c.; Vierzon,
+sBsf. ; Bordeaux, 556 f. 25c. ; Troyes and Nontereau,

1i0n5m..,.,,i

335 t. ; Basle, 220 f.; Dieppe, 3521. 50c.; Paris and Stras-
burg, 478 f. 75c.; Tours and Nante.,, 4901.•, Paris and
Lyons, 5071. 50c. ; Lyons and Avignon, 490 f. ; Bordeaux
and Cette, 470 f. ; Spanish Three per Cents., 38k.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DECEMBER 10.

Bordeaux, Toulouse and Cette (Espelete), 78—East In-
dian, %—Jamaica South Midland Junction, 114—Luxem-
bourg, 78—Namur and Liege, 358—Northern of France Con-
stituted, n —Orleans and Bordeaux, B—Paris and Lyons
Constituted, 4% Paris and Strasbourg Constituted, 4—.
Sambre and Meuse, 4%—Tournay, Jurbise, Landen, and
Hassel t,

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
The demand for Cotton at Liverpool yesterday con-
tinued good. Sales, 15,000 bales, half on speculation.
There was no advance in prices, but the previcus quota-
tions were fully maintained. The sales included 7,000
Americans et Sc]. to 7d., 7,000 Surat, at 4id. to 50.,
600 Egyptian, at 74d. to Bd., and 450 Pernam sand
Maranhao], at 64d. to 7d. per lb. Shares were dull again.
An important exposé of the present state of the
resources, the population, &c., of the whole of China, is
about being made public, which may, and doubtless
must, prove highly satisfactory and important to all
parties connected with the history of that yet almost
uliknown country. The work is undertaken- by Mr.
R. Montgomery Martin, lately her Majesty's
treasurer for the colonial, the consular, and the
diplomatic services in China, and a member of her
Majesty's Legislative Council at Hong-Kong. The
object in view is stated to be, to awaken an earnest in-
terest in England on behalf of one-third of the human
race; to offer in a condensed view the past history and
present state of China in its domestic and foreign rela-
tions; to investigate the causes which prevent four hun-
dred million industrious, sober, obedient, pacific, and
educated people, holding the position to which they are
entitled among the other kingdoms of the earth;
to examine our own political, commercial,
akd social position in that vast country, in
oTfler that the statesman, the merchant, and
the philanthropist may be the better enabled
to direct their course of action to the production of some
beneficial result equally conducive to the welfare and
concord of England and China.
Unquestionable facts demonstrate that whatever
position England may acquire in China, it will not be
fir her exclusive advantage; the time is happily arriving
when nations, as well as individuals, learn that a benefit
conferred returns to the donor with a blessing—that in-
juries reflect punishment on the perpetrators—and thus,
even in a selfish point of view, the exercise of good is
a far better policy than the commission of injustice.
A conviction of the truth of this divine precept is
slowly cleaning on the minds of men ; it is the ,high
behest of England to prove the reality by its practical
application. No sphere could be more appropriate for
its exercise than China, where myriads of our fellow-
creatures seem specially adapted for, and prepared to
receive, the influence of a Cnristian civilisation. It is
impossible to estimate fully the effects of such
an influence on so vast a mass of mankind ;
it is difficult to calculate the extraordinary com-
mercial power which would be created by four hundred
million active and intelligent beings, with numerous
desires, keen perceptions, and indomitable industry,
having full scope given to their singular energies ; it is
deeply interesting to contider the physical, moral, and
intellectual results which would accrue, not only to the
continent of Asia, but also to those of Europe and of
America, from the christianization of China. Under
Providence, this glorious consummation may be wit-
nessed by the existing generation ; but, whether this be
permitted or not, it is the bounden duty of all Chris-
tians to aid in its accomplishments.
Consols for the Account have been quoted only this
morning at 938 and 4, with the half-yearly dividend
deducted. These rates are but a mere shade lower than
those ofyesterday morning. The transactions have as yet
been very slight. Exchequer-bills command lls. to 12s.
premium; Bank Stock, 2061; the New Three-and-a-
Qum ter per Celia., 964; and the Reduced Three per
Cents., 944
_ Ihe Committee of Portuguese Bondholders, in ad-
dressing the Finance Minister at Lisbon, upon the sub-
ject of the intended 20 per cent. deduction from their
dividends, remark that " they do not impugn the motives
which actuated the Council of Ministers in the measures
they have thought proper to adopt, as far as regards
levying taxes on the property and subjects of Portugal, in
which may ulso be comprehended the holders of local
inscriptions, or the internal debt of Portugal, but the
committee cannot sanction or recognise the principle of
taxing British subjects to meet the exigencies of a
foreign state, they having no voice in the Legislature ;
nor are they in anywise amenable to the laws of Por-
tugal. The committee, therefore, condemn the contem-
plated appropriation of 20 per cent. on the external debt,
as set forth in the fourth article of the said decree,
and they view in it nut only a gross infringement
on their rights and property, but a violation of
faith on the part of H. M. F. Majesty's Government, both
unjustifiable and without precedence, in proof of which
the committee respectfully refer your Excellency to the
conditions of the various loans contracted, and espe-
cially to the terms comprised in the bonds under the
decree of the 2d of November, 1840, wherein the rights
of the foreign creditors are fully recognised, and
by the sth and 6th articles the integral, or entire
reimbursement and payment of both principal and in-
terest as the coupons respectively fall due, is faithfully
guaranteed, declaring that both shall be kept inviolable,
and shall in nowise be effected by any political change
or circumstance whatsoever."
In Portuguese Stock there has not been any business
done this morning. Mexicans are at 23i and f.
Spanish for the Account at 26; Belgic Two. and-a-Half
per Cents. 54; the Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents.
at 60k; and the Four per Cents. 92k.
We cannot quote any important alteration in the
Railway Share and Scrip Market this morning. The
official prices are annexed.
BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
Bank Stock 20614
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 94141%
3 per Cent. Consols Arms 95 with div
3 Per Cent. Annuities, 1726 ... 94
New 314 per Cent. Annuities
New 5 per Cent. Annuities l2l
Long Annuities, Jan. sth, Expire 1860 9%
Do. 30 Years, Expire Jan. 5, 1860.. 10%
Consols for Opening 93%3/4 'ex div
Exchequer Bills.
1,0001.
5001.

Ditto Small .. ... 9 12 pm.
FEICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Mexican Bonds, 1846, 5 per Cent.
Ditto for the Account 23A% •
Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent, 1840 —
Ditto for the Account 26
Ditto Passive Bonds 5 IA
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Belgian 21/2 per Cent.
Dutch 21;it per Cents
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates
BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK
RAILWAYS. PAID. Pas SWAN.
Aberdeen
Amber., Notting., Boston, &c. 2% 2%%... to
Armagh, Coleraine, &Portrush 1 a - ...... to
Belfast and County Down .. 43/4 .. to
Birmingham and Dudley ..... 425. ..• •
Birmingham and Gloucester..loo ......129
Do. New (iss. at 71/2 dis.).. 17%..••••
,
Birmingham & Oxford June... 2 ...... to 9
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and
Cheshi. J-action.

2 ~
.....
.• ••. to
~. .

Boston,

Are Juni
Stamf

& Birmiog... 22i....... ...... to

...... to .-
.1 -•• I
....
Bristol 2 75 and Exeter
Do., New ..• ........
Bristol and G10uce5ter......... 30_
Bristol and Liverpool June... 2% — ...... to
Buckinghamshire•••• • to
..... 25 ...... to
2314 V— to
caledontan......
...
......................... 824i_..
..
Ditto, Half Shares ......... 2 1/2
...... to
Chester Cambriaatoi
danidloGiyrhaneaddJ..u.
......
.. .. 427281.
Churnet and Blythe..
.•••••••
Cheltenhamhe ster and
ttliadnish.:fte.d.r. .....
4228.
... ,
......
100 ...... to
Clarence. •
Do., •Ist Class, 6 per Cent lO ...... .
...
to
Do„ '2d Class, 5 per Cent lO ...... _
to
......
Do., Gov. Loan? 4 per Cent. 10 to
Clydesdale Junction . . .......... 20 ...... ...
to
Cork, Blackrock, & Passages 225....... •
Cork and Killarney ............ 21/2 _ '' to
Cork and Waterford .....,,•••„ 1% _
Cornwallo,Half Shares ........... ::: 174 ...... to
Lincoln, East Retford,
t 0
00
SNNhooerrffiwtheieclrndh.J. u.n..c.t.
.. o.
.....
..........
2215h4 ... . . .
Directp ittD i r--
and—
Directeot
Dublin and Belf.ult. . Junction.. 121% to
to
Dublin, Belfast, & Coleraine 21/2 -- to
üblin and Galway ..... . 4 ......
to
to
Dundalk and Enniskillen ... 10
Eastern Counties 141. 16s 22%...... to 23
Do.Perpet.,s per ct. No. 1,
Do. New 121.61.
113635.
4d... 7.3/1/14
pp.....
to
—......
Do., do N 0.2,6/. 138. 4d... A p... to
Do., York Extension 2 ...... 3%%... to
East Dereham and Norwich 1 •
to
Eastern Union ... .. .. 35
Ditto, Quarter Shares • 8% — to
Do. Extension to Harwich 1% ...... to
Do. Cambridge and Ely ... 2% — to
East Lancashire
Ditto, New ... .......... .... • 5
Do. ( late Preston & Ormsk.) 5 ... .. to
Do., do., New Scrip ... 11A 254ai... to
East Lincolnshire .
East and West of England...
_ll% 1A
77--

Edinburgh and Glasgow
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Quarter Shares

Edinburg"; and Northern ... 12 ......

Edinburgh and Perth

• • tO -

Ely and -Huntingdon
Enniskillen and Sligo 2%
Exeter Yeovil, & Dorchester 514 — ...... to

Glasg., Dumfries, & Carlisle.. 5'

1 Glasgow, Kilmarnock, & Ayr 50
Ditto, New
Do. ,A Shares(s per ct. gua.) 121/2 ..... ..
Goole,Doncaster, Sheffid., &c. 2 ...... 2.1 A to
Grand Union (Nett. &L) nn) 13s — ... .. to
Great Eastern and Western... 21/2
Gt. South. & West. (Ireland) 271/2 ...... to
Great Munster
Great North o Scotland 2l/2 — .... to
Great North of England 100 ......2361/
Ditto, New
Ditto, New 15 .. ... to
Ditto, New I EA,i•••••• 19%..... to --
Great Western
Ditto, Half Shares
Ditto, Quarter Shares
Ditto, Fifths
Do. N,•,- •._ ~..
Hi',lti!,-;,i ..tic .',!
Diva, i, •,,.•,;1_;.),1 , • .....
Hull and Selby 5O lO7 ... .. to
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12% — ...... to
Ditto, Half Sh4res

.. '.,

4-'4=
• no*4

SECOND EDITION.