The Sun.
London, England, 1846-09-12 00:00:00

chequer ; if that were to be the case, the industry,
the labour of the nation at large, would be taxed
for the benefit of a class. It would shift the re-
sponsibility of providing for the labouring poor from
the laud to which they belonged, and which is pe-
culiarly chargeable therewith, to the nation at large.
Every consideration of justice and policy forbids such
a course. The true principle is that recently laid
down by Mr. McliseLL, himself a large landed pro-
prietor, viz.—that every owner of land must employ the
poor belonging to that land. If this be carried into
execution, he will speedily find some productive
labour on which to occupy them, and no longer
permit their energies to be expended on that which
can yield no return. Public works may answer very
well as a temporary expedient, but in a short time
all that are really useful in the district will be exe-
cuted, and then the lands must be charged for that
which is absolutely useless, when the labour which
would be required therefor might be so much more
beneficially applied. That labour for which the land
is compelled to pay should be employed in developing
the productive power of the land. The necessity for
the interference of the State is to compel a certain
quantity of land to provide for a certain quantity of
labour ; if the owner or occupier of that land is
willing to do so, he should be permitted to select the
manner of that employment himself. In such a case
he will be certain to apply it in the most bene-
ficial and advantageous channel. A. labour
rate should be imposed on the land sufficient
for the remuneration of the persons requiring employ-
ment, but a drawback should be allowed therefrom
for the actual amount paid for labour by the person
chargeable. If one hundred acres of land should be
chargeable with the maintenance of ten labourers, the
owner should fairly be discharged :from any pay-
ment, if he can clearly and satisfactorily prove that
he has kept ten men in constant occupation. He
should be only bound to pay the balance not so ex-
pended ; the means of acting on this system might be
difficult but not impracticable. A register should be
kept in every district of the persons for whom em-
ployment should be provided, and an apportionment
of the quantity of labour, so as to ascertain the quan-
tity fairly chargeable against each acre in proportion
to its value. A local board should be constituted
whose duty it would be to investigate that
any credit claimed by the person chargeable
was a fair and bond fide one, and let them sanction
the drawbacks claimed. By such means, where
every member of the board would be interested in
preventing any evasion of fair responsibility, a strict
superintendence might be kept over the entire dis-
trict, and the burden fairly and equitably distributed.
It is only by some such means that the emergency
can be met. It may press heavily on some who are
already embarrassed and encumbered, but, as we
have already said, such persons must withdraw from
positions the duties incidental to which they are un-
able to discharge, and leave an opening for others
who have the ability. Whether the improvidence
which has reduced them to such a state be their own,
or that of the persoes from whom they have derived
the properties, it is not reasonable that the nation
should be the sufferer.

A letter from Rome, dated 28th August, which
appears in the Augsburgh Gazette, has the follow-
ing :

" It is stated that Cardinals Vanicelli and Dellagengn,
the one legate of Orbiz and Pesaro, and the other of
Bologna, are about to give in their resignations. From
the late events their positions are no longer tenable ;
the partisans of the ancient regime are still agitating,
and to that mutt be added that the Propaganda in Paris
and in London are not content with the amnesty. They
dream of a kingdom of Italy, and endeavour to gain over
the youth ; the p€ (Tie, however, reject this odious idea,
and the persons who have been amnestied show them-
stives worthy of the clemency of the Pope. Cardinal
Gizzi has lately addressed a circular to all the authori-
ies, calling upon them to oppose every tendency to re-
volution. The Government has already given proof that
it will not overlook any negligence on the part of public
functionaries. Dr. Fossi, Governor of Fazenza, has
been brought before the tribunals, and his place givein
:A) another. MN?. Gorga and d'Asti, directors of police
at Foligno and Pesaro, had met with a similar fate. The
former only escaped being massacred by putting on a
disguise, in which he got off. His Royal Highness the
Prince de Joinville is expected to arrive here this day.
Pie is charged with a special mission from the King, his
father, to the Pope. Ile will stay only one clear day
at Rome, and then return to Naples."

The Levant mail has arrived, bringing intelligence
from Constantinople of the 27th, and from Athens of
the 30. h ult.

The Constantinople journals state that accounts
had been received from Trebisond of the suppression
of the revolt in the Adjara, and of the capture of its
chief, KEUR HUSSEIN BBL

At Erzerou►xx the people were still in an agitated
state, and the guard at the Persian embassy was
doubled. The cholera was ravaging Teheran and
several other cities of Persia. One of the sons of the
SIIAH had died, and so great was the alarm that the
Snail and his Ministers had fled from the city, and
the members of the corps diplomatique were about
to follow their example.

At Athens the Chamber of Representatives was
still occupied in discussing the budget. A royal
decree has been issued fur the colonisation of the
Thracians, Bulgarians, and Servians, resident in
Greece. By this decree they are all to be united in
one establishment, instead of residing, as hithorto, in
different parts of the country. The decree consists
of 34 clauses, fixing the regulations of the colony,
and the attribution of the different officers.
Madrid papers of the Sth have arrived.

It would appear that Mr. BULWER, on being in-
ormed of the double marriage, had made a condi-
tional protest against the MOINTPENSIER alliance.
This fact is now admitted by the Government organ,
the Heraldo. The opposition to this marriage
on the part of the Spanish nation was
daily increasing ; the Carlists and the Pro-
gressistas are joi❑ed in their opposition by the more
powerful SE ction of the Moderados. In the Cortes
M. Pactizco will lead the opposition to the project
for the AIONTPENSIER marriage. and the Tiempo
says, that so afraid are the Afrancesado party
of encountering discussion, that the announce-
ment to the Cortes of the marriage of the QUEEN
will be immediately followed by the reading a decree
dissolving that body. There was a rumour in Madrid
that the preparations for the marriage of the INFANTA
had been countermanded. It is said that the mar-
riage of the QUEEN will take place on the 18th.
General PEZEALA having been appointed Inspector-
General of Cavalry, has resigned the office of Cap-
tain-General of Madrid, which bas been conferred on
General SIIELLY. The troops, which were concen-
trated on the Portuguese frontier, have gone into
cantonments near Seville.

MADRID BOLSI, SEPT. s.—The Three per Cents.
35 cash ; Four per Cents. 21,-1 ; Five per Cents. 291 cash ; Debt, without interest, 61 ; Coupons, 201. Ex:
change on London, 36,t1- cash.

We have received the Paris papers of Thursday.

The Journal des Wats has an article whicl;mMay
be looked upon as official on the subject of the mar-
riage of the INFANTA to the Duke DE MoNTrENSIER.
After designating it as for Europe a great " political
fact, for France an event of immense national import-
ance," it thus continues :
" The marriage of the Infanta to the Duke de Mont-
pensier is a pledge of a complete reconciliation between
Spain and France. It re-establishes that traditional in.
timaey which had been so unfortunately broken. It may
now be said without fear that there has been for nearly
half a century a wide breach of continuity in the history
of France and Spain. Those ties, which were formed
by nature, and strengthened by religion and good
policy, were unhappily broken by the Imperial invasion.
The hand of violencecan never be laid with impunity
upon the liberty of a people—upon their national
.in-
dependence. The recollection of this has long dwelt
in the hearts of the Spaniards, and, perhaps, has not
even yet completely disappeared. Nothing can be
more likely to Efface the last traces of dissa-
tisfaction and consummate the entire reunion of
the two nations, than the happy alliance that has
just been agreed upon. The marriage of the Infanta
of Spain with a son of France will, we are convinced, be
the seal of oblivion put upon all painful remembrances,
and mark the close of this unfortunate era. The Pyre-
nees will stand fast, but there will no longer subsist be-
tween the two countries, those moral barriers which are
more powerful still than those of geography. At no
period coal(' the re-establishment of this ancient in-
timacy have been made under more happy auspices.
There was a time, still not very far back, when it might
have been accomplished, but not in a manner
i so com-
plete. When Spain bad no strength but for incessant
revolutions—when she expended all her enerjes in re-
bellion, and presented to the world no other spec-
tacle than that of an anarchy whose source was in
the laws, France could not so closely identify herself
with Spain without rendering herself in a measure a
participator in a state of things in hostility to her own
institutionsAher own policy,:and the.. principles of her own
Government. Spain has happily saved herself from this