The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-21 00:00:00

1r broath and Forfar .

Dac.
11
10
15
13

ester and Birkenhead. • • • • • • •• • •
D üblin and Drogheda • • • •• •• • •
Dublin and Kingstown • . • • • • • • •• ••
Dundee and Arbroath .• • •••• • •• ••

Durham and Sunderland ...... • •• •
Edinburgh and Glasgow . •• • •• •• • • •
Eastern Counties and North Eastern•
East Laneasihre •• • • ••••••• • • • • • •
Eastern •• •• • • • • • • •• ..... "

Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr • • • • •
Glasgow and Greenock• • •• • • •• • • • •

Gravesend and Rochester •••••• • • • • • •
12 Great Southern and Western .....
13 Great Western,Bt c••••••••• • • • • • • • • •
-- Hartlepool •• •• • • ..... • • ..... ••'• • • •
12 London and North Western, Btc.. •. - •
13 London and Blackwall.• •••••• • • • • • •
12 London and Brighton .••••••• • • • • • • •
London and Croydon ...
13 London and South Western ..• • .....
Manchester, Bolton, and Bury
12 Manchester, Leeds, and Hull Assoc..
13 Maryport and Carlisle ••• • • •
12 Midland, Bristol, and Birmingham....
12 Newcastle and Carlisle •• • ...........
Newcastle and North 5hie1d5........
12 Newcastle and Berwick
North British ...............
..... •. . •

2,927
8,485

404
2,003
834

Paris, Corbel], and Orleans.
Paris and Rouen ..... „ „,,

Preston and Wyre ..... :

Sheffield and Manchester...,:: •:
••
• •
South Eastern and Branches .
South Devon— .

_ ...
Taff Vale •• • ..... ....... ...
. ~............
Ulster .• • • .• .• •• .• .• ......
York and Newcastle
•• ..... York and North Midland . ••
F

951
16,930

34,575
65S
6,054

5,193

7,408
493
16,625
1,795

485
1,193

5,616

552
1,647
6,501

572
.2,333
6,772

1,803
730

16,055
1,274
33,4.57
681
4,950

5,007

520
1,237

88
6,834

664
5,024
5,121

347
13,898
1,633

410
1,087

5,721
4,559

956
5,434

4,215
4,464

.0 ATHER EUSTACE, A TALE OF THE JESUITS.-
In a former work Mrs. Trollope dissected the social in
fluences of Dissent with a bold and successful hand. In
these volumes she undertakes a similar operation upon
Jesuitism. The whole end and purpose is to show the in-
famy of tie Jesuits, to draw the veil from their misdeeds,
and to display the secret workings of their machinations
in the heart of England. The work will awaken eager
curiosity in certain circles. It will strike people with
dismay, it will confirm the creed of some, acd disturb the
opinions of others. It will help to make Jesuitism more
unpopular than ever; and in that way, perhaps, justify
the excesses to which we have taken objection. There
is no denial to be given to the broad impeachment, and
it is this which will sink into the general mind, and
leave a deep and permanent impression behind.—Atlas.
VITALITY OF FISH —Some fish die almost imme-
diately when taken out of the water, such are the macke-
rel, the shad, and the herring, and from this circum-
stance the vulgar saying, " as dead as a herring," has
been derived. The eel, the plaice, the skate, the carp,
and various other species, will, on the contrary, live for
many hours after being brought to land. The perch has
been known to survive a journey of sixty miles, packed
in straw; and the carp can even be fattened when placed
on wet moss in a cellar, crammed with bread and milk.
and occasionally dipped in water; but it will live for a
fortnight out of the water altogether. The turbot will
also live and take food if placed in a damp and cold
situation ; while the spotted, the smooth, and some other
blennies, live several days after removal from their natu-
ral element. The eel, the shark, and the dog-fish suffer
the most dreadful mutilations without being speedily
killed.—Mumniond's Anatomy.
SIR JOHN FRANKLIN'S EXPEDITION TO THE ARCTIC
REGIONS.—A statement has been going the round of
the papers expressing unnecessary alarm and apprehen-
sion for the safety of the expedition to the Arctic re-
gions, and that inquiries have been daily made at the
Admiralty on the subject. The entire paragraph is a
tiesue of ignorance, stupidity, and falsehood. The last
accounts from Sir John Franklin were dated July 12,
1845, at Disco. The last heard of the expedition was
by a whaler, which left them on July 26, 1845, off the
entrance of Lancaster Sound. As the expedition has
gone where DO whalers ever go, it was not possible to
hear by the ships just returned. No inquiries whatever
have been made at the Admiralty by any of the relatives
or connexions of those employed in the expedition ; there
is, therefore, no cause of apprehension.

THE THEATRES.
lIA I'M A B.KE7.
A new and most successful domestic drams, from the
pen of Mr. Bc:, le Bernard, was produced here on Seta',
day, with comple success. It is entitled The Bound of
11rong. The hero of the piece is Reuben Gwynn (gr.
Webster), a p•ur,g Yorkshire farmer,
mother is domiciled a certain interesting young girl'
Mary Ryland (Miss Forteseue). As might naturally be
Reuben+.
expected, Reuben and Mary love each other.
however, is compelled by c:rcumstarces to go to Anl
is absence
rica, and leave her for awhile ; and during h
baroneta
Sir Arthur Foljambe (Mr. Stuart), a haughty
informs Mary that she is his daughter. ge !!;
in early lite married a person in humble it eci
with whose.
who died, leaving him this child, whom he hii
deserted, but now that she has grown up to woolen;
hood, and is possessed of great personal attrato
lions he claims her, and takes her with him, WI ou
repair his shattered fortunes by bestowing her ban bo
some rich suitor, commanding her to give up sithetig•
of Reuben. With much hesitation she obeys,
Reuben utterly prostrated in mind and body st this shicPe:
wreck of Lis hopes. He, however, rouses to veegie,unt of
and to obtain the means of vengeance; and bY dint to
leafing
toil, mental and bodily, secures to himself wealth
taro.
independence. At this period of the drama we are,lllo )
duced to a young surg>on, named Harwood, OR+ l'o am
who has sought the hand of the Baronet's nieecnoter
been by Sir Arthur contumEliously rejected. II ,u_ him
mines to quit England, and requests Reuben toms% io.
an advance on the security of a legacy, which' be d the
formed, has been left him by a deceased uncle, 11_11_,..et,
necessary documents to entitle him to which,
be eZ.,cto
Re;:teyer
to receive in a packet, which he requests "
open when it shall arrive, and to forward w ~..nd
may come for him to Bristol. Reuben finds in it ahriKs'he
of Sir Arthur Foljarnbe's, for 19,0001. And with this nay.
goes to the proud Baronet, and demands instty,r, Do
ment, threatening him with ruin. He will
°that ill
mercy ; and so blinded is he by his revenge,__,,
an
order to secure it, he determines to keep the Dur.,,tod.
to send to Harwood the small legacy which beese expected
He is in the act o fconcocting the letter when /to
to plead for mercy for her father. Reuben is
...40 the
He restores the bond to Harwood, who 11,0„re serious
niece, and Reuben himself marries Mary. -.7 the ei•
part of the business is agreebly enlivened the
part of
quisite humour of Buckstone, as Dad°, tbesble life"
a book on etiquette—the vulgar ape of fashio3n
`1; Fortescue
a perfect " snob." Stuart, Webster, and 4,-ei acted we/1
were admirable in their respective parte,
up to each other, and the piece was ann-
tition amidst enthusiastic applause'
--- ---,--- -_
nuanucued for acted

tale
,t1:03e;
RoTdlwreciSl,erm Maids Por !IliVunCiEchSisStShe title °f an eehicyn3lll:
romance,
period at
sical -the worth and music for which ar. time on
whichwhie: %,:4..aasp,poelerofonr,masedthheerbeeotfhe first. .i..
Saturday. The scene is laid in Bavaria •
habitinff a of' the confedera•
Lion of the Rhine, ruled over that portion of t! 0,, o.
these cl' the
certain Baron Bristle
There is (gr. Walt° )e'r9;
serenadeotntheeerslad
rescue 1 from Ghost Castle, with his seven daltoet4s.
aughters are in love with seven French tiw:od
These aierse ; inthe a b
3baotatagaetsthaencilteksPo;D:
Gros,l(. drowning by the seven ladies. (Jaye; 0
table, "s
(Me.
Comp:on), one ofthem, is bid un il *
seven daughters. B
plotband, while there, overhears the Baron do
andttle al
arrest r the assassination of the Emperor. The °I, bis
;Iron, who consents to their union va',.,.iog
that his
araughters, the tenor (Mr. .A.llen), of cours, LP'
et),
isroanced of the prima donna (Miss Sara Fl°,itioo
to give up his co-conspirators, on contioeu
COn- • life is spared. The officers seize the. „i..,.
so
_pirators, who are mufflod up in long black clo :.'Ol.O
since—. a orY
eh
cloaks as all st:ige conspirators liave ' of
time beyond' which thR oi when
man runneth not to the contrary," and„; p 01
the..li... cloaks are thrown off, they ree;),P'sh-0 a
t, , wearers the seven " gaids of Munich, w t, of
course,.l._!r become for life " the companions in arms
_4
Allen'l arresters. The music is light and preetxty,_,!Tte
and Miss Sara Mower, who were in .clnie,
and its
voice, did full j•astice to it. It is aa agreeable
.tr_.
jib
announcement for repetition was reeeiVed fl

ilause.

LI T ERA T ORE. L Ll.
MURRAY'SA HOME iIiVD COLOIVIA s,iai.
BR AR y.--No. xxxlX. Gatherings
—PartE 1. By Ilichard Fo,d. • of " 511°131
from r
elive-the
Spai "
Ever welcome to us is a work treating
n, —the Isn.l of the grape and the _ __,4
land of castsuv,
land of guitars and duennas--the
~, Bias"--that
and sombreros. Whoever ho read ' ()".'
b,,, dipped Into
peerless romance—wh '
el'er . C vantes (13 "
ron," or roared ° 0. sof" er
over the pad, appertaining
vedra," wil thing
I always rejoice in above
. Imagination
to the Peninsula.. Those o in ' h ough
marshals t
_r ‘.O
tracked the armies of Napoleon's _Caldea.•
the cork forests, or followed the course taken hftro
Duke in his different campaigns, will devour iveli',..r,
peculiar avidity any book descriptive of those t? 52.,10
able scenes. What mind that has scanned the tralrsrof
of the great Isabella over Boabdil, in the Pla.1„1, et
re stirring ballads of the Cid, ernotl.lo
tGbeenada, what heart that has leapt with
irnesernt restored
tthor
o itselfu g il the
tbep it
grovesrims what fancy that
CO'
cedar with a strange g
oe f ofA ntdhaeinirnsilll9,
..,., 010
octal
net,
traced by pleasure to.
kingdow the
such glorious mem • a front
combination of these reflect'. ones ? It is ii /foal
reflections, and beyond 11 A add
the melancholy abasement intot which the pre_ll;:thst
noble race of Spaniards is
works relating to the Iberiana present plunge;toe.
peninsula are 0 polar'
rous, and (where's er they
W •
ashington Irving . possess ability) se 1313°1 hoe
beautifully has written on Spiin---3 non
ten lir
. he has written ! Borrow . has writ lois
it, X Y. Z. has written upon it, Lever is, If ill
felicitous
_ in his delineations of Spanish secle'sse'
Spanish scenery. We could enumeratea tholl lof
.ral, ,
whose pens have been devoted to the Peri— erg '
flarte..4
that countr
,y. But why refer to other ,nho *
Here '
_ is the author of these "Gatherings, delight'
already added himself to the number, by bis keth°
ful" Hand-Book of Spain." The present 5 Tbeir
are peculiarly vivid and peculiarly picturecltlerinesg'
most prominent characteristic is their natlitessie°
There is not the slightest ostentation or pPiiiint ia
abouttb them ; and the only thing forced and% ottellt
ande 164 pages is the "dedication." We exPee°,,eolised,
our expectations on i closing
volume ar s
---- ....,,,,„,.
MA RyLE B ONE VSS" -woo
..., cool's!, ~ At
COLLISION BETWEEN THE P001{.1,-.•' satarue.r,
iNDme THE DIRECTORS AND GvAsol-4145;---report ""eci
the meeting of th Mar .• . iresteY' /Directors and
)ienone Board o cove
ceived from the e re .
Secretary to th.e,..tiens tecentlY
Guardians fo
rwarding cO/003unt" to
from the P • siovers '
oor-law Commissioners. r,„,..,034 ise•
Mr. Iv of the kiv-.,,, of ale ue
inte f WILSON denied the right
tro r ere in h t-e aff • moved lebone, or a.. i mot of 0 ,
poti,an
par . airs o 1 e.appoint.• sod
con
ishes, and the
__railing that
joint committeed th of the 'sill and gu: lams'
opposition to the district a y ~5,,,,
the uhol e
This 0 of the documents be referred to te_7oo.
t.
Lac
i‘rrnresolution was ultimately Carried noen'e eff,C tl,lO,
the ind• ts.rEr.r. then moved a resolution yfete test,
I,eraninate application of the W 0
f7_,3 ,01)17;r;
propos
in theied by the Poor law Corno3b•sioners..:
:, the Pr° beg
of self!' general order, was inconsistent I.‘l'.es ofd u-ba'
localgcroment given to the authorttle to
an die,
underto the
firm,
and deserving sed alike lie'
poor, and oppo _ed po •
totes of„iighteu
hunumitandsound and
y a roo
This
THE was also carried unanimously. .„0 on.„, .
AGAINSTLATE CHARGES OF CRUELTY '
...0....,.00.,,,e0
D _
NI THE DIRECTORS AND GOARDTbeep talc
withA ELL wished to know if any steps bad ocefel too
and to the refutation of the most uclit pireeiho
unfounded charges made against the Boar
..001. io0:10
and Guardians as to the treatment of tVeiottee,edi•
h
Mar
was endeavouring ne Wrkhouse by Mr. Charles iur 000
datefor to make himself pePtruhao atsteloi
Westminster.--(Laughter) .' Ville. oe
made by Mr. Cochrane • • at the .t tiso
and his chque greato
Concert R . oorn,on Tuesday last were the •
ao
of untruths
Sir _All ever coneocted.—(llear.) be bad, felt
J lES HAMILTON' observed that tle' as
Collesgm 00
member of the Rota ' • •h•
Committee with 19 nee.- Toes'
it their duty publicly to contradict thestate,,re on 00e
at the
day
.anfeeting at the Princess's Concert 11°10, thi.goo
was
thatl 4t. In reference to the two COtoPluill,, catoo%oso
of a man who never went out but the bee.
. often
intoxicated,and
the other was not let otp - .0
anteboo- 5
hewas subject to epilepticfl fits.—(Hear.) de l
Mr. Gil •
ANGER and one or two other vestrjheso.sfob
denounced the conduct of Mr. Cochrane 011 the
fortb 5
" Poor 11,fan's Guardian S.. " titt-13-
octety, in P faittee
unfounded statements 01.- li,
Mr. WILSON moved' f ae° oror
the appointment 0
mof the date'
to draw up an e • pitome of the arrangeruen-„bese -
house, with • a view to show the absurdity ot .
nili"
i,
ments. rid
The motion having been seconded, was ear-
mousl y, and the vestry separated.

rived at rivAellrp
o_c s of apples, 4,243 • ar'
57.--107 -------
AMER
barrel
easkss
1,1-,,,hoeese, 50 boxes of biscuits, 107 firliiir as 40
h quarters of wheat, 132 barrels, 9 tier-of tillui
hogs hogsheads of beef and pork, 1,687 quarters
_oducti6l3
andcorn,thand various other articles of .Araerican
fPrl-mE—s4tvi Jsri
an-orei-tho—ofht
i;p,s-a4ab, k2r eso tut
1,ot: ici :::,
tgle9er74l:
b2oarrelgs Prea fled 10
seGBrehatogWsheesatdersnohf apsobrrko,ulgohot
P2,,lci9:sgba°9::
ojtobral,
cask
and cheese, 1,049 kegs and 90 firkins niof wolf
1 introduced,
American
occasionon
a‘vt
..eerirrsyi ec
960hpaackhages of apples, 78 casks and 2 barre4io
0,
sions of beans,
d99socasbiaurreclfs
houfttgeern,earaal Etrbnevr arwticeledo
the whole the production of the "United St3tee!., forille!,
gnanlelnenceeotrsfeavthat the Great Western has, °II angf Pr°.
esteemed
te colour,
brought so large and varied a suPPII ,i 0 SIT,
as in the present instance, and the extol or
able. They ca Of
ply of apples by both vessels is also partiula:lf rieied the
lotmroeprnui sere:
tp.tpw on d
ande sc rtihpet i oo nt
hs
ecaci,e7ortie,ialataroi;
celleds mallleard-lyilisrldfi,cagnedrsh, aiv3eintgb befog e 1
r,
. for their excellent quality and flavour,
weiVhla vTet Lid. —silt; eEsisell:,n oTfafAroprnß.--lj 4143 Weekl4
Ir, •o• t 0..- CO
50 to 70 tOP _4O
delivered ariP.- 0
their cargoes of codfish here, and for,og t
G3raßi"ing'sgate by the railvvay, instead a gfd 61,e
aboutve3ena' their
usual
A rur ar cel a place of delivery ;
......tir:siola
~,„8. ,000 lobsters, in hampers, from NorwAY.
Ole
Chronicle. Wood tr
United
It should the W 0 tbe
be generally known to for
'hat the that Rico)
Board of Customs have consented 1
future, cons
ow r°ll° • a de
,black cedar wood (imported .r e. basna .6
orwood of Sebastino, On
and Pas de Peroba, or yellow wood, and, ~.00, p ~g
nn
..„.
seboi
~
Kingdom duty free. teo Porn of SP
South America) shall be admitted to all Pu

,nd
iir
e
0

11;a
ich

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
OPENING OF THE L k NCASTER AND
CARLISLE.
naTtiohe completion and oyening t) the public of this great
rnta t tine, the last link in the chain' of communiaca:,
between London, Edinburgh and Glasgow,oe Jul
its an extended notice, more particularly as throt, itiest
eaginrnoegerreinsgs it has been the scene of some of the gin a
exploits of the age.
WeVeritotalherherecords of the rise and progress of the line.
lam that the subject of a communication with
12c±it„-
1, ' along the western side of the island, began, aa2
4 ear 4 ae
tors' and to occupy the attention of railway spr cutal •
iiss' and of parties who were locally interested. Activity
tcianasntdetirßrp,rise on the eastern side of the island wereo
aailnwdayt,he proprietors of the Great Northf
feeling assured that two lines wor=ldo
po`ler be constructed, were anxious to secure the moth) .
dal by priority of movement. However natural sucarbi
bane might be, the disuse of the w,: stern route would
whir inconvenience I the manufacturers of -
ire, Whose nearest and most direct course lay through
l
rancaster and Kendal, and would have been an equal
Qi„ad'antage in the intercourse between London '
"nto
sh • The Westerns could not be expected tamely
aaa....,e ~ . Westerns
Andhuu r facilities they had long enjoyed, and not (all;
at to see their road become a highway shut up:
new Moreover, if railroad communication developed
tat caPabilities, it was reasonable that they should par-
-oii ,t) of these advantages, and march on with the progress
T7llPr°veinent, as well as their neighbours. _
mo
aokie feeling of indignation against the atternpted
Westerns
bad
the of
the Easterns, was universal ; but the
d;..
.ir °Wu feuds and when they came to fix in. what
"eatlon tl • •
vatrara their line should proceed, the unanimity andel
arraZanif feeling which had characterise 1 the former
hitch disappeared. The Caledonian, and t 1(
puli, haven, Workington, and Maryport Railway Csoomn,
rho „B:eorUnliSSiolled in 1637 Mr. George Stephenson,
lie
a., fathee' of the railway system, inasmuch as.
to
alowano first introduced the locomotive steam engine, _ ,
east Surveys between Lancaster and Carlisle by th,
dale, Morecambe Bay, and also by Kirkby Lone-
red verm 113 n the Luue and Penrith. Mr. Stephenson
deli-
coast-lineis report, which was strongly in favour of the
taile, Re admitted that the coast line was 22
latter 100 Ile
than the inland line, but he alleged that the
ecast_i';'ould be much more costly in construction. Theo,.-
Nit, Ina, from the fact of its being on a level throti„la
ta wonld also be passed over in an equally short time.
thinggToaidients
.of the latter being very steep, to say no
anew 0- the difficulties created by the accumulation of
Dir, t Shap Fells
in rai'l ocke, an
equally' great and trustworthy authority
aand had matters, had surveyed the country in 1836.
un, e up o,Pr°,7lollllCed in favour of the practicability of a
7 a trun—iiniee7ifealPas t Sedbergh, and. under Sh Fells,
Del
Deewthaliesktfit„, The gradients on this line were thought_ at
e too •
steep, being about 1 in 150, and engi
aa a core aratively s directed te tun
tottiliettePeenrlit" deemed a 13
bje tion aid he was by
and Rendaalobranachea, of the provisional corn-
slated. are whether these objections could not he oh
tlao oat 41e accordingly reported, in the year 1838, upon
ki the ether
lines, Which he respectively called the Appleby
ofdirainadal lines. lh Appleby line took the west
b "Y Lonsdale to Borreowb.rldge and Tebay—thenc,
illitilizttd.ebtroit:
b__ --, Rip 8
Jo Sunbiggin Tarn—thence by Watei
Meabu n Morland, and Cliburn, to
gbe, where itr ' s to cross the Lowther and
tog and proceed to Carlisle. The Kendal line was
:Brhthll_tabrnropt,ltgohn,Lfoonllgoswleidnigaae, by a. tunnel through Gates-
kid ii°4 tne west side of Hawse Water, to Thornthwaite
the valley of the Lowther t.
tataaana and thence by Yanwath to Penrith. Mr. Locke
tha7ththat the Kendal line would be twelve miles shorter
14 lett° Appleby line, though the steepest gradient one
the ewer would be only 1 in 130, and he strongly urger.
lake tia„l32! 1)1.
lt
our " thriving town," expressing, . the
s korvae, his conviction that the Kendal line might t
h_ttbi.,,
eras moth as to avoid some of the great and difticbil
13'ererewh!ch occurred upon it. He also repeated b :
hap "0 for the line he had originally surveyed 3_
nail P' declared his opinion that the tunnel of LI
4sltaar:uld present fewer difficulties than the route by
Th
' fortaad.vonates of the inland line at this juncture put
raerit:eir strength in an animated controversy on tino
tecara°f their respective schemes, and it is amusing, ii,
atartaang to the nature of the objections which were
staa;"
both ee how completely deceived in manybiiiii.
ties ofs parties were in their ideas of the cepa i
nave, engineering skill. The inhabitants of Whilte-i
ea al,''`hof lalverstnn, and of the intervening towns,
.et,
°f %It" late Sir 11. F. Senhouse, ridiculed the formatalOni
*ere pnel through Shap as the dream of a madmain
the d
Intieralafted into the fourth heavens when they talked of
the"i; geent embankment of ten miles which was to span.d
alli ntiL and the thousands of acres of productivelarb
Wateea would be reclaimed from the sea. The perilsa
With- Were nothing in their account, when comparedoppose
a),i,tl).,e
difficulties which the snow storms would r
t160"114* The landsmen, on the other hand,. drew ta
Old I,l)ictnres of the sweeping floods with which,
ea,_wather Neptune would avenge the presumptuous
ofiaenehment on his domains ; and the greater length
the •
fivell tk coast line was alleged as in
ititself a fatal objection,eligible.
km 'ugh, in all other respects,
far party, in addition, asserted
was eqeally
priority of claim, so
point amount of population was concerned, the only
tad On Which they were agreed being that passenger
(1,-ie rtaaia formed the most profitable item of a railway un-
ball° ratersfactory progress was made in either direction
ofZds the formation of a company, and in November
to ,„:)7, a public meeting was held at Penrith, in order
a aaenaete a line between that town and Carlise. This
I• nte as brought out
_as an
aindependent scheme ; but it was
brought
cont. no dc.mbt,_ s tep towards e formation of
e lnuous line from Lancaster, andth if it had been
tarried out, the controversy between the mariners and
e landsmen have been brought to an end, and a
speedyroars
decision would have been also come to as to the
from Lancaster and Kendal to Penrith,
the
to be taken
ateco.n.,,, engineeringn difficulties occurring being at these
i
The Penrith line met with great favour..
"half,
leading gentry of the district came forward. in its
"half, with the Earl of Lonsdale at their head.. A
meeting was held at Carlisle in. its
who promised the
gli sheriff, Mr. Dixon, presided,favour, at which the
"PPcn't of the Carlisle and Newcastle Company: Ap-
thbYehZira°! and other towns, made demonstrations in
progress towel the share list made a very respectable
of mil ards being filled up; but too large a number
not --way Words being
race even then in being,m though
with 8°
numerous as it has since become—got ix. mixed
the n P
loom the Imject, and it was judiciously resolved n
zeAbeoournt ititiitstee to abandon it altogether.
Qi nfial, , Mr. Nicholson,
times the late Mayor of
published a pamphlet " On the London and
1 asgnw Railway, through- Westmorland and Cumb. er
.aria ~
injury
w‘..``• Ile Pointed out, with great force, the
-"leh Kendal would sustain if it did not secure to itself
the benefit of a railway communication, and a meeting
lias held in the Town Hall in the month of December,.ir
837, at which resolutions were passed in favour of o-
ttnediate and active steps to protect the interests of the
j 3711. Mr. Locke was accordingly commissioned to in-_
idute a fresh survey of the country by the Lune and
it rough Longsleddale;. and he reportecain !avour of the
a en al line, as being shorter than any other, the only
`easiderahle objection to its adoption being the long tun
el through Gatescarth, at the head of the valley.
of shout the same period Mr. Larmer, employed by parties pointed out a line by the Lune, through
a(/rlon Scar, F{•11- icii, being of limestone, presented fewer
'Acuities in the way of tunnelling, besides requiring a. shorter tunnel than the line through' Shap, and the ad-
cates of an inland line
_thought that every difficulty
as now smoothed before them.
PBut the Gordian knot, says the Kendal Mercury, of
asse conflicting claims._ could. not be unravelled by the
aes who had assisted in weaving it, and it was left to
tsila.e.Government Commissioners, Lieutenant-Colonel
smith, R.E., and Professor Barlow, who had been tsp.
ointed to inquire respecting railway communication
between London, Edinburgh, and Glasgow, to pronounce
etween the competing schemes. Their first report was
sued in 1840, and the lines which came under their con-
sideration were the Bay line, the sectionsi of which were
Sllrilislied by Mr. Hague—the _
Lune linei‘n Larmer—andthrough Orton
I'l', just mentioned, surveyed by
' e Xendal line by Langsleddale, the sections of which
were
line was
at prepared by Mr. Job Bintly. The coast -
a °nee set aside as impracticable, the length of its em
isaisniekornfent and its circuitousness puttingit out of, the
farther consideration. The Lune line
fwaisl:tdees-
tlared to be most eligible, so far as engineering facilities
cTlivretiteepncerned; but the commissioners
.dwc.lt
fa, advantages of railway communicatit ns to the
a°l3‘siation nof the lower part of the ..valhy . f the
aeanl, and to the thriving town of Kendal in pa.rtiecular,d"
and intimated, if a route could be found which could
bring. Kendal upon the line without the long
and difficult tunnel through Gatescarth mountain,
they should feel bound to report in its
favour. Mr. Larmer was accordingly employed
On a fresh survey, and the result was the dis-
covery of the Grayrigg line, which united the Lune
and the Kendal schemes, the junction of the new line
from Kendal with the Lune line taking place at a point
about nine miles from Orton. Lieutenant Smith ex•
Pressed his complete satisfaction with this line, and it
Was warmly recommended
to the Treasury, conditionally,
however,
ore th e formation of a local company. The
commissioners had previously reported against a line on
the eastern coast, and given the preference to a western
fine- The fear which they
_oerds another mark of the
expressed that two lines
could not be supported aff
rapid advance in public spirit and enterprise that has
been made within the last few years, as it clearly indi-
e_atee what undiscovered capabilities the country pos-
sesses. An eastern line and a western are both in course
c 1 completion, and there can be no doubt that they will
be,. equally remunerative to the shareholders, as they will
he convenient to the country.
The line by Shap, as originally pointed out byalr.Locke„,
uses not appear to have come under the cognisance of
the commissioners. It was, no doubt, the shortest route
that could be devised, but it had a higher summit thani
the Gatescarth and the Orton tunnels, and consequently
lit steeper gradient to attain that summit, the rise being 1
a 1175, while the rise on the other was only 1.
commissioners
old '1 1 in 75 had been proposed, the commis
INdd in all probability have been startled,
and another line might perhaps have been adopted.
That
to work
gradient has, however, been found
of
exceedingly well, and here we see again the progress
akin and enterprise within the last few years.
The recommendation of the Commissioners did not
commit either the Legislature or the company to thie,
n7Tion of any one route, and progress being soiuli
ti,7e, Mr. Locke proceeded with increased z ail in r-
_eng the line by Shap, and ultimately the line as now
'44o..dified and laid out was adopted.
rogverything was now favourable for the eccomplish
teat uf this much.desired object but the filing up of the
broke
list. The railway mania had not at that filar
niten out, and the denizons of the north, sure but semi
"mg. cautious in their movements, were unwilling to em,
"mg. to the necessary extent in
an untried projt.ct, anti

the matter was once more at a stand still. But strangers
stepped in at this juncture to their assistance, strangers,
however, who had a natural and legitimate interest in
the undertaking, and whose co-operation the inhabitants
of Kendal, Penrith, and Carlisle were entitled to claim.
In Ate4ust, 1841, there was a meeting held of the share-
holders of various companies, whose lines formed a con-
tinuous route to London, and it was determined at once
to help it through. The London and Birmingham sub-
scribed 100,0001., the Grand Junction 250,000/., the
North U:,ion 8.5,0001., and the Preston and Lancaster
65,0001. Th,+ total proposed capital was 1,200,0001.,
with power !:arrow not snore than one-third of that
amount in addition, and this was soon raised, and the
company went to Parliament. We believe we are
strictly correct in saying that there is not another in-
stanc&of a line where there has been so little of Mere
speculative investment, nor where the shares have so
little changed hands. The slowness and hesitation
manifested in the first instance by those who were so
deeply interested in its formation, may be thought at
variance with the usual enterprise and forethought of
men of business ; but it has redounded to the solid and
lasting benefit of tha company.
The Act wes obtaini-d in the month of May, 1844.
The engineers of the line are Messrs. Locke and Er-
rrngton. The contractors are Messrs. Stephenson,
Mackenzie, and Brassey. The prospectus, in the first
instance, contemplated only a single line of rails ; but
the directors, looking forward to the growing demands
of the country, wisely determined to enlarge their plan,
and having bcrrowed the additional amount that was
requisite, proceeded at once to lay down a double line.
The works were begun in See tcmber of 1844, as soon as
practicable after the passing of the Act, and the con-
'rectors undertook to have the line ready for opening
within eighteen months after their commencement ; but
circumstances beyond control and foresight prevented
the accomplishment of their intentions before the pre-
sent period, and it is no small proof of their energy and
.letermination that the) have so sp'edily and so effectu-
die vanquished the difficulties which presented them-

selves. -
At Carlisle there is a communication with the New-
castle and Carlisle, and the Maryport and Carlisle lines,
and when the Caledonian is completed, an uninterrupted
route will be opened to Edinburgh and Glasgow, and
thence by other. lines to the north of Scotland. It is
proposed to have a general station at Carlisle, and if the
scheme is carried out, of which there cannot be any
doubt, the county town of Cumberland will possess
acilities for traffic and locomotion second to few places
in the kingdom.
The total number of bridges on the line, exclusive of
culverts and cattle• arches, is 180. As may be supposed,
in undertaking of this magnitude has required a great
force of men, and the number of labourers employed has
ranged as high as 10,000 men, together with 1,000 horses.
I'he navvies from their want of educational opportunities,
and, indeed, partly from the very nature of their occu-
pation, are a rough, uncultivated set, and the peaceful
natives of some of our secluded localities expressed ex-
-roma dread at the prospect of their introduction into the
aeighbourhoods ; but, with the exception of an occasional
strike, they have shown themselves tolerably quiet and
3eaceably disposed. A riot, however, took place at Pen-
. ith in February in the present year, which threatened
at one time serious consequences. It originated in a
dispute between an English " ganger " and an Irish ex-
cavator, near Clifton Moor, and the Irishman, indignant
at being compelled to obey his superior, roused his coun.
:rymen, who mustered to between seven hundred
and eight hundred ; and proceeded in a body
to drive the English off the line. The spirit
of nationality between each party was roused,just as the
action-fights kindle the most savage frays between the
Mans in the Emerald Isle, and if it had not been for the
promptitude of Mr. Hasell, one of the resident magis-
,rates, who is also the chairman of the company, it is
impossible to say what might have been the result. The
Yeomanry Cavalry were called up, and continued on duty
above a week. A composition was afterwards entered
nto, by virtue of which certain boundaries were pre-
-scribed for the natives of each country respectively, and
a proclamation having been issued by the magistrates,
expressive of their determination to uphold the supre-
nacy of the law, argil, at the same time, to afford protec-
'ion to all, with.iut distinction, against outrage, the I'en-
ith riots were speedily numbered among the things that
have been.
Every possible precaution has been adopted by the
iontractors to prevent accidents upon the line, but in a
ivork of such a nature as the formation of a railway, they
are inevitable, and all that can be done, is to insist upon
the observance of every possible care by the labourers.
Fewer casualties have occurred upon the Lancaster and
Carlisle, we believe, than upon any other line of the
same length, yet there is too long a catalogue to record.
Since the opening of the works there have been 72 acci-
lents resulting in death, but no small portion of that
amount has resulted through the carelessness of the suf-
tering parties. The greatest number seems to have oc-
curred between Grayrigg and Shap.
The directors have called for the full amount of the
shares of 501., and they have also had to increase their
capital by the creation of new third shares, but the line
stands at a premium of from 17 to 19, a plain proof of
the confidence which is felt in its ultimate prosperity.
On Wednesday, at eleven o'clock, a train, consisting
of nine carriages, left the Lancaster station, and pro-
ceeded at the rate of between twenty-five and thirty
miles an hour, on its way to Carlisle. The shall) incline
of one in seventy-five was ascended with a single engine
at the rate of 221 miles an hour. At Penrith there was
a large concourse of spectators, who hailed the arrival of
the train with cheers. In Carlisle there was a general
holiday. The whole journey was performed in lets than
four hours, including stoppages.
At the grand banquet in the evening, the directors
entertained upwards of two hundred guests at dinner in
fur
iTaanneya• , presided;
Lancaster;
ter; the andHi ah near
Sheriff
him o
fs atMr
the
county,
eenuGnrtye
'M.P.
CmColonel
the Athenaeum. Mr. E. W. Hasell, Chairman of th
Irton, Rifle Brigade; Messrs. Rotheram'of Liverpool
W. Marshall, M.P.. David Hodgson,
of Liverpool
Joseph Locke, J. G. Evrington, John Dixon, E. Ralph:
Mayor of Carlisle ; J. Steel, G. E. Mounsey, W. Car-
rick, &c.
Mr. JoirN DOUGLAS proposed the health of the chair-
man and directors.

Colonel HASELL responded, and said the line will be
of very material benefit not only to the country through
which it passes, but to the nation at large, inasmuch as
it will open out a great chain of communication along
the western side of the land—between the populous
districts of Warwickshire, Staffordshire, and Lancashire
—and it will finally connect these important districts
with the mass of industry in the busy part of Scotland.—
(Cheers.) There is no line of railway calculated to
produce greater benefits, either national or local, than
the Lancaster and Carlisle. Not individuals, but masses
will derive advantage; . the manufacturing, trading,
and commercial communities of England will re-
ceive the blessings of speedy communication to all the
chief towns of England and Scotland. The directors
have spared no pains to, accomplish the gigantic work.
Our next great busine,s is to see that the line is safely
worked—to see that we do not
ea
fastnotegrottooores.c _at fihr;etr)Th
,sandsoe
endanger tbe lives of our fellow
h
1 ahraes
ebeen
doubtentrusted
that
managementt
othe engineers ofi
whot,l am
daep it" andt o saly;
they will take suchis oparlmyecaatiulteioAnismaisgshvtiyll
himself effectually
wohbovicaat:
all danger. It
.aoyt
ahkaeveevile
riys
butd I hiotpies
well
mt
precautionblessing preserve
iuns
allwf reo
wmceaanc
arecitdode
oni tnr,
'eavnent ri,k to life or limb.—
t(
rColdi limb.—
(Cheers.) .
on shall aptlhled o.
line, Xaen sdhahlyl
tghreadmuaidlldyleino..f
hall be able to run our trains by
February I hope we s
)the T trafficee
o t, and let him know
shall have every man at his p.le
Shall,
however, get
night as well as day.—(Che.ers.) In the meantime we
thoroughly what he is about. W
the difficulties of night traYeltina, ,
and win the good
all things in perfect workingoro.d.eraebedfohryerwoeeneihncgosuanfetelyr
and not too fast, we hope to deserve The
opinion of the public.—(l-lear, hear.)
ng
portion of our
linebemtwohetehns, dLaunriceagstewrhaienhd
tilmieenT,dae have been running
eight has been open for
three •
eight trains in twenty-four hours, and completing the line
in
the intervals between them. In cousequence of the
excellent arrangements of Mr. Worthington, not a single,.
oacacricolepneteitelas occurred since the opening. The result of
ticable, pthr:oeswthhoatwtihshe scheme
tisfactory opening proves
"8 it was represented to be and it mustliialielTer that:ac-'
whil,t other parts of the country are enjoying the bene-
fits of railway communication
success t:Oaso. our line
our land of lake
and mountain has not been denied own
dsinmilar privileges'
rPeogri otnh the
wein means of
°I
f repeat,layln indebtedd( n a
tloi n eMr. •_)c te—
cheers)—and I trust the line •
Mr. S. IRTON, M.P. for Westw
fitted for every purpose.
lteiodng etdo thiiista health,tha t
haendw
aaistt
great satisfac-
tion
of an undertaking friallu present at the
benefit to the country
in Parliament, it was thought irupraclicable ere
t 1 pass over
Shap Fells by railway, to say nothingof -
difficulties on
other parts of the line.
Mr. DAVID HoncsoN, late Mayor of Liverpool,
pro-
posed " The Members for Lancaster."
Mr. W. MARSHALL M.P., returned thanks. He could
not help casting his eyes back a few years, when it was
thouAht in-operable difficulties stood in the way of a
i wasar gea. enabled matter
teo g Cumberland,r P
behrmeotoi fven I Ae
withsb sopi
se adodc:: I'm: . difficult
' oahl uwnce a(
and
i 1
line over Shap Fells. There was scarcely an engineer
datddats o assured
prosperity
that
spertile
Caledonian, tiy
except Mr. Locke—(Cheers)---who would have dared to
go on, or could have done what he has accomplished for
us. (Incre
when as ede
nc he
completed,eri cheering.) g. li
wouldef
of the company.

Mr. Trio miCs GREENE, M.P., for Lancaster fol-
lowed. Lancaster. might for a while feel that it had
sustained a loss in ceasing to be the terminus of a rail-
way, as it had been for a considerable period; but the
inhabitants, he was sure, would look upon the matter
in its true light, and would see that no town could
expect a state of increasing and permanent prosperity
which did not possess the the mans of railway inter.
course with all other parts of the kingdom.—(Applause.)
ile confessed that he was in the numbs of those who
regarded with jealousy and suspicion the progress of
those who belonged to the eastern part of the island, and
tie thought that great thanks were due to the gentlemen
who had promoted, and brought to a happy issue, the
construction of a line MI the western side of the island,
seal it was with feelings of no small gratification that he
attended the commemoration of that interesting event on
the present occasion.—(Loud applause.) Ile was not
one of those who were disysed to detract from the praise
if those who had engaged in this great work, from the
circumstance that they had embarked in it for the pur-
pose of private gain, and he hoped that they would re-
.eive the teo3t ample compensation for the risks which
they had run. Ile thought, en the other hand,
that the country at large owed them the deepe.t
lebt of gratitude, and th-t they wero entitled to he
,olied upon as public benefactors. There were many
who were strongly in favour of the continental plan,
where the contracts we: a all adopted by government;
but he strongly felt that it was most desirable that they

should depend on private enterprise and on their oss n
I exertions, and Le thought that one of the great sources
' of our national strength and prosperity was this reliance
unon their own private efforts.—(Loud applause.) At
the same time he was not prepared to deny that there
should be some government supervision over railway,,
Ithough such supervision was one rather to public opitosn
than required by any real necessity of the case.—(Ap-
plause.) There was one benefit which he must be allowed
to mention as the result of this dependence on private
speculation. If some of the existing line:; had not been
laid down to the best advantage possible, there had been
many lines constructed where there would not have been
any thing of the kind had the control been in the hands of
government, which looked only to the best termini. If it
was found requisite that any of those lines should be
shortened, individual and private enterprise would nut
be wanting, and at the same time other places would re-
tain the benefits of railway communication, which would
not have been conferred upon them had the arrange-
ments been altogether in the hands of the Government.
—(Loud applause.) He could not quit this part of his
subject with, ut adding a word of testimony in favour of
his friend who had been placed at the head of the Go-
vernment Board. He (Mr. Greene) remembered that he
had had a conversation on the subject, when the arrange-
ments were in contemplation, with a gentleman who was
opposed in politics to the Hon. Member who had been
selected to preside over the Railway Board, and that
gentleman, among other remarks, had said, " Give us
five Strutts, and we shall have nothing to regret." And
when he (Mr. Greene) heard the appointment announced,
he could not help exclaiming, " what an admirable ap-
pointment !"—(Applause.) He mentioned this fact to
show that this appointment was not to be regarded
merely as a political appointment, but the appointment
of an individual who was in every way fitted for the
office, and in whom the public might place the utmost
confidence and trust.—(Applause.)
Colonel MACLEAN proposed the "Directors of the
London and North-Western," and Mr. WIGHT3IAN re-
turned thanks for those of the Caledonian.
The CHAIRMAN said people at first laughed at the pro-
ject for a line over Shap Fells ; but the Directors of that
line took good advice, and relied on it, because they
were sure it was sound and good. What had become of
the assertions against the gradients ? It had been said
they were impracticable for travelling ; well, that morn-
ing many present had travelled up an incline of 1 in 75
at the rate of 22f miles an hour.—(Loud cheers.)
The time was when the assertion that a locomotive and
train could run ten miles an hour, even on a plane,
was laughed at and considered dangerous to life and
liaab.—(Hear, hear, and laughter.) The objection to
heavy gradients occurring occasionally had ceased,
and in the case of the Lancaster and Carlisle
Railway, where an extreme gradient occurred, it had
entirely vanished, and been disproved by their experi-
mental trip that day.—(Cheers.) The directors were told
that it was practicable, and the man on whose opinion
they relied was Mr. Locke, who would no doubt allude
to the subject himself.—(Hear, hear.) Of course those
in the east did not wish those in the west of the island
to have any traffic. He did not go so far as to wish
those in the east to have none : he would rather say, let
each side have the traffic that belongs to it, and both
will have plenty to do.—(Cheers.) At all events com-
petition would do not harm. It remained to be seen
whose fares were the lowest.—(Cheers.) There would
be no harm to the public if the fares in the cast were
reduced ; in his opinion it would be beneficial to the
public if they were reduced.—(Continued cheering.)
His belief was that the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway
would be worked successfully and well ; and he founded
his belief on the opinion of Mr. Locke—one of the
ablest engineers this country ever saw.—(Loud cheers.)
Mr. LOCKE, the engineer, in reply to his health, ob-
served the Lancaster and Carlise is but a link in the
chain which we first set out to form. We began by set-
ting out a railway from Preston to Glasgow, and I trust
you will not forget that our scheme must be viewed as a
whole.—(Hear, hear.) Circumstances have led to its
construction in detached parts, but I trust the whole
length between this town and Edinburgh and Glasgow
will be carried out quite as satisfactorily as the portion
which we have so successfully opened out this day.—
(Hear, hear.) It may be that lam a little premature,
but I look forward to the time when the London and
North-Western Company will extend their lines to the
very northern extremity of the country.—(Cheers.) The
working of the Lancaster and Carlisle line is but an
earnest of that, and I believe the interests of the public
will be furthered by the extension of their railway realms
—of their experience and intelligence—as far as
railways can be extended in the north of Scot-
land.—(Cheers.) I should like them to be car-
ried forward till you could scarcely tell where one
railway begins and another ends—till the whole net work
was so perfect that you should do away with the incon-
venience arising from interruption in the modes of tra-
velling from one part of the kingdom to the other.—
(Hear.) I beg to assure you that there has not been a
prouder day in my life than this, on which we have cele-
brated the opening of the Lancaster and Carlisle Rail-
way.—(Cheers.) So much for myself. I will not allude
to my friend Mr. Errington, for he is able to speak for
himself ; but I must be allowed to say that, in addition
to experienced practical engineers, we have had the ser-
vices of experienced contractors (Messrs. John Stephen
son and Co.)—contractors such as few railways can boast
of, and who have executed the works in the most credit-
able manner possible. I can quote the words of Captain
Coddington, who said he had never seen handsomer or
more substantial masonry on any line in the kingdom.
But, though I admire these works, my satisfactian in-
creased by the knowledge that they are to be placed
under the management of the London and North-Western
Company, who are in every way qualified for that re
sponsibility.—(Hear, hear.) We have opened the Lan-
caster and Carlisle Railway at an inclement season of
the year; but there are great advantages in opening now.
The poor want fuel, which they cannot get except at a
great cost, and the roads over Shap are almost impass-
able. The line, therefore, is opened no sooner than it is
required. I hope you will make allowances for the first
month or so, and I pledge myself that beFore the spring
is over it will be as perfect a railway as any in the king-
dom.—(Loud applause.)
Mr. ERRINGTON also acknowledged the compliment in
a very appropriate address.
"The health of Messrs. Stephenson, the contractors,"
of " Mr. Swift, the solicitor," and of " Mr. Bolden, the
secretary," were subsequently given. The latter, in ac-
knowledging the compliment, announced the gratifying,
and as regards previous experience in railway enterprise,
the unusual fact, that from the state of the finances it
appeared that the lines would be made " within" the es-
timate."