The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-09 00:00:00

CONTAINING

A MAP of the RAILWAY'S in ACTION, in
PROGRESS, and in PROMISE ; executed in s
style of surpassing Beauty and Correctness. In fact,
it will be a Map of the greater portion of the
Kinviolm, with all the Lines so marked that he
" who runs may read."

PRITPARPM BY THE CELEBRATED JAMES WYLD,
GEOGRAPHER TO MIER AIAJESTY THE QUEEN.

_
Orders resolved by all Awn-agents, mud at The Sun
Office, 112, Strand.

THE WEATHER..-- , OFFICE, FEB. 8.
TIEBBRCALETER, Bowest, 381ighest, 55 ; Noon, 44.
BAROMETER., 30.1.
Wm) N.Y., fine sunshiny weather.

FEBRUARY 9.
Timaxostrrza, Lowest, 32; Highest, 44; Noon, 39,
BAROMETHR, 30.21.
WIND N., morning, frosty : afternoon, sne.

WATER AT LONDON-TtRIDGE THIS DAY.
Morning .. a; aainutee after 12.1 Evening .. 16 minutes after I

year on each of the several articles enumerated in the
resolutions moved on the 27th of January, 1846, by
the Right Hon. Sir ROBERT PEEL, specifying the rate
then levied, and the rate where the same is proposed to
be altered, and showing the aggregate of the duties re-
ceived." In these lists are included the articles the duties
on which are proposed to be repealed ; and our readers
will no doubt be surprised to learn the ♦ery small
amount of revenue produced by the fifty different
articles which form this list. The total sum amounts only
to 55,8791., about one-half of which is produced by the
duty on living animals, and nearly the same sum from
manufactures of wool or of wool mixed with cotton.
The reduction of duties on live cattle, which produced
such alarm at first, has in fact had no effect whatever,
for the price of cattle has been rising ever since, and the
amount of duties received from most of the remaining
articles is so small as hardly to deserve notice—for in-
stance the annual receipt on bacon is 371., on pork,
fresh, 561., on meat salted or fresh (not otherwise de-
scribed), 1531., on caviare, 81., &c. And when we turn
to the list, in which we find articles which compete with
those produced at home, the smallness of the
quantity imported is equally astonishing. When
the duty on foreign boots and shoes was reduced,
a belief prevailed in certain quarters that London would
be inundated with Frencl► boots and shoes, and that Eng-
lish masters and journeymen would be ruined. Here is
the result :—women's boots and shoes, annual receipt of
duty, 577/. ; men's boots, 1,6272 ; boys' boots
and shoes, not exceeding seven inches in length, 11. ;
hats (felt, hair, wool, or beaver), 471. ; and a
large quantity of articles of a similar description in pro-
portion. Such a result is highly satisfactory, because it
shows that the skill, industry, and perseverance of our
tradesmen can set foreign competition at defiance,
and that Englishmen, even with a heavy load of taxes,
can outstrip foreigners, and safely dispense with every
protecting duty. We find, from the same return, that
the total antount received for corn, grain, meal and flour
during the year, was only 357,203/. This is all the revenue
obtained by the operations of the sliding-scale; but how
much the people had to pay, and hew much went into the
pockets of the landowners, is another question. This
glaring anomaly, however, is now on the point of being
abolished for ever; for fresh symptoms occurring every
day, leave no doubt that the measures of Sir ROBERT
PEEL will be triumphantly carried.

Not the least extraordinary, among the politica
changes which have supervened upon the Ministeria
conversion, is that of a re-examination, or, as it may be
appropriately termed, a revision of the sentiments enter-
tained by ♦arious constituencies, and professed by their
different representatives. As any mere casual spectator
must hare observed during the last fortnight, our columns
have been inundated with requisitions from electors
dispatched from many quarters of the kingdom, and ad-
dressed to county Members, insisting either upon an an-
nouncement of their positive determination to support
the spirit of agricultural monopoly, in opposition to the
proposed commercial alterations, or, on the other hand,
instantly to vacate their seats in Parliament, as
traitors to the cause which they had origi-
nally advocated, and consequently as incompetent to
represent their interests in the Lower House. From the
numerous answers which these requisitions have elicited,
and which have likewise been duly chronicled in our
columns, it is unnecessary to do more than remark, that
in a vast majority of cases the Hon. Gentlemen in ques-
tion hare candidlT and boldly expressed their opposition
to a continuance of an exclusive system of pro-
tection, accompanying the declaration with a straight-
forward and manly account of the peculiar circumstances
which have induced them to recede from their previous
principles as untenable, and at the same moment ac-
cepting the alternative offered by their constituents, by
resigning their posts as Members of the House of Com-
mons. In acting thus, these gentlemen have been
actuated by one most laudable motive in particular ;
they have themselves, through a protracted analysis
of events, through a series of severe investigations, and
through a dispassionate experience of past sessions,
arrived at the very rational deduction that the present
system of import and export duties is prejudicial, not
only to the industrial classes in particular, but also
to every other individual in the community
that the existing restrictions upon trade are
contrary to the dictates of common sense, as
filching the pockets of the many for the emolument of
the few—that, in fact, some general and instantaneous
abolition of these clogs upon commerce was absolutely
requisite, and that the reduction of the abstract theory
into practice was incumbent upon the Legislature.
They had, by perseverance, obtained this more en-
larged ♦iew of things ; they took a wider sur-
♦ey of international trade than heretofore ; they saw
facts in a new light, and through a clearer atmosphere ;
and from a definite desire and expectation that the mul-
titude would take, or had taken, a similar review of these
particularities in our Constitution, they readily with-
drew from their onerous but honourable duties, leaving
the ultimate decision of the matter to time, or to popu-
lar reason. Upon this great and memorable evening—
an evening which will be especially noted in the pages
of our ccuntry'a history—we would direct a more than
cursory glance at the reply which Lord LINCOLN has
just addressed to the electors of the Southern Division
of the county of Nottingham, in answer to a resolu-
tion, passed some few days since, at a meeting of the
Nottinghamshire Agriculture Protection Association.
We would direct attention to this document at this pre-
cise time from an anxiety on our part to signalise, in a
sentence or two at least, the ♦arious expressions con-
tained in that letter—expressions which redound so
much to the credit, and to the honour, and to the con-
sistency of the Noble Lord. We have already, elsewhere,
defined our notion of what a true and far-seeing poli-
tical consistency really is; and therefore it will suffice us
to observe that Lord LINCOLN merits this honourable
epithet in a particular manner, as a man who adheres
more to the inferences of sound sense than the paltry
and narrow boundaries of party-feeling—as one

who rather regards the whole than the infinitessitna]

portion. While the Duke of NEWCASTLE can retain in a
certain degree of subserviency and thraldom to what
may in a particular manner influence his re-
venues, those of his tenantry who are capable
of participating in an election, his son can
thus throw off the straight-jacket of self-interest and
follow the instigations of justice to his fellow-men.
Lord HENNIKER also has enacted a part in these recent

squabbles with an equal amount of credit to his
honesty of purpose, by acting in a similar
manner to his constituency of East Suffolk,
though his opinions upon the matter at issue are
not as definitely or comprehensibly expressed. In
conclusion, we,can merely utter one more casual com-
ment, namely, that, admirable as the main
characteristics of the Reform Bill were, an
extension both in their conception and in
their operation would have been productive of a still
greater amount of benefit to our Constitution. If all
these recent exigencies, for example, had bee❑

taken into account when that great and ever
glorious measure was being framed, we should never
have witnessed the misunderstandings to which we
shave made this particular allusion. The discussion, how-
ever, which has already commenced in Parliament may
remedy more social grievances than we can well cal-
culate. This very night may in future times be looked
back to as the starting point of our most memorable,
and most peaceful, and most triumphant Revolution.

In another column will be found a statement of
the amount of the proposed increase in the army
and navy. As to the necessity of this in-
crease, we imagine there cannot be two opi-
nions, for even the most crotchetty of the members of
the Peace Society must perceive that at the present
moment the only possible way of preserving peace is
to let Mr. President Pols and his backers see that we
are fully prepared for war. The increase in the artil-
lery and in the army may perhaps be sufficient,
although we should by no means have objected to have
seen a still larger increase proposed in both those forces;
but with regard to the navy and the marines, we con-
sider that the increase is lamentably insufficient. In
the navy not only should there be an increase
in the number of men to at least double
the amount proposed, but there' should be an in-
crease of pay and an increase of comfort. The pay of a
seaman in the British navy is somewhere about thirty
shillings a month. In the British merchant service,
and in the United States navy, the pay is upwards of
three pounds per month—rather more than double.
The demand for able-bodied seamen is greater than the
supply, and Sir ROBERT PEEL as a good political
economist must know'that the price of sailors'labour
like the price of every other description of labour, is,
regulated by the doctrine of demand and supply, and that
if the country wants the services of able-bodied seamen,
it must be prepared to pay the proper price to se
cure them. As to attempting to revive the
system of impressment, the Government might
as well attempt to revive the system of serfdom. "The
schoolmaster" has been abroad for the last thirty years,
and the pupils of the schoolmaster will never submit to
the press-gang. l
The nation which paid 20,000,000/. for
the
no t
tolerate emancipation
fn blackm
tslavtoes, rewvihviee
will
atrocious system of white slavery, known under
the name of impressment, will not grudge a
fair and proper and liberal remuneration to those gallant

men to whose prowess it is indebted, net alone for its
station, its power, its wealth, and its honour,
but for its very existence. Let us hope, therefore,
that the present session of Parliament will not
close without some material increase being voted to the
pay of the ordinary seaman. Then again with regard
to the Royal Marines, the increase proposed is only to
the extent of 2,500 men. This is by no means a suffi-
cient increase to the effective strength of this the most
efficient and useful corps in her MAJESTY'S service. Be
it recollected that the marines are both soldiers and
sailors, that they are accustomed to be at sea, and that,
therefore, unlike the soldiers of the line, they do
not suffer from sea sickness, but are ready
for action the instant they land upon an enemy's coast.
We need only allude to the Chinese war, as a proof
of the usefulness of a large body of marines in
conducting a coast warfare ; ar.d as a war
with the United States would, as far as the
American Atlantic seaboard is concerned, partake very
much of the character of the Chinese war, we think it
would be but prudent on the part of the Executive to
ask for a much larger increase to the corps of Royal
Marines than the one proposed. In making
these preparations, the Government should bear in
mind the maxim of the. Duke of WELLINGTON, that " a
great nation cannot make a little war," and it is only by
a great nation showing that it is determined
to make any war, into which it may be
forced a great one, that it can prevent a
community, which repudiates the laws of nations and
of honour as openly and avowedly as it has already
repudiated those of honesty, by repudiating its just
debts, from annoying it by a little piratical war under-
taken for the mere purpose of plunder.

We have received Madrid papers of the 31st ult. On that
day the new Electoral Bill was presented and read by the
Secretary. It is nearly the same as that brought forwari
last session, and the principal future is, that the elections
will take place by districts and colleges, and net by pro-
vinces. In answer to semi complaints of Senor OEMISH re-
specting the persecutions against the press, the Minister of
the Interior said he considered the liberty of the press as one
of the necessary conditions of a constitutional government,
but it was extremely difficult to regulate and keep it in
harmony with complete liberty and public order. Govern-
ment had prepared a Bill on the subject, which would be laid
before the Chambers in a few days.
On the 31st the Three per Cents. closed at S 8 at 60 days ;
the live per Cents., at 2314 at 60 days; the Coupons, at
24% at 60 days; and the Madrid and Aranjusa Railroad
shares at 2,070 at 60 days.

In the French Chamber of Deputies M. GUIZOT, after the
motion of M. D'ANGEvnasn respecting Madagascar had been
adopted, declared that the expedition would not leave
France until the Committee on extraordinary credits had
examined the vote for that purpose. Most of the journals
express disapprobation of this unexpected delay. Even the
Epoque blames the Government : " Assuredly," it says "if
there be anything in the world conducted with reserve, it is
this affair of Madagascar. We regard the conduct of the
Cabinet as even toe cautious—it is absolutely timid. Oar
flag has been insulted by the islanders of Madagascar, our
countrymen having establishments in the island have been
molested and pillaged. It is now decided to viadicate the
honour of our flag, and to afford an efficient support to the
interests of French subjects. In our opinion such a line of
conduct is the least that could be adopted. Under pain of
dishonour it was absolutely impossible not to decide en this
expedition. We should have blamed the Cabinet not to have
determined on it; we do not believe that it ought to be
lauded for doing what it has done, because the accomplish-
ment of a rigorous duty does not merit an eulegium. But the
Cabinet has thought it right to accompany its preparations
with restrictions and palliatives of which we do not perceive
the necessity. It has protested that it had not in view any
establishment or any project of colonisation. Mutt is the
use of these declarations beforehand; why are these engage-
ments entered into ? There is always time to do or not to
do ; but it appears to us absolutely superfluous to abjure
one's liberty of action for the future. This conduct
appears to us, therefore, prudent to excess, or to
speak more correctly, timid." The Press( is equally
opposed to delay :—" What it is now permitted to us to see
is that the expedition, if it should take place at all, will be
without result. We say fit should take place, for nothing
can be more doubtful. The Minister of Foreign Affairs de-
clared that it will not set out until the Chamber, specially
discussing the question by a demand for grants, shall have
categorically expressed its opinion on this subject. A month
will certainly elapse before that moment can arrive." The
Constitutionnel expresses great anger at the turn which
affairs are taking, and this closes an article on thesubject :
" We are warranted in thinking that our ships and cur troops
have been got together, and the expedition been prepared,
only to disgust us with it. Can anything be more puerile
than such conduct and such avowals ? What esteem can
France have for a Government which renders the most im-
portant affairs dependent upon suck sad calculations ?"
The following paragraph respecting the disputes between
the French and Hayti Governments appears in the Presse
"Fresh information which we have received tends to con-
tradict the news which had been lately given us of an ar-
rangement between the Government of Hayti and our repre-
sentatives at St. Domingo. The ultimatum sent in by Cap-
tain Lartigue to President Pierrot was composed of two parts,
an indemnity of 15,000 gourds (the gourd is worth a little
more than lf.), and the official retractation of a decree issued
by the President on the occasion. For the first part we be-
lieve there is no difficulty; but, for the second, the case is
quite the opposite. The last packet from the Weet Indies!,
did not bring any official news on the subject, but we believe
that we have received such information as enables us to de-
clare that the President has peremptorily refused the second
part of the satisfaction demanded. We may add, sad the
Next arrival will conllrm our statement, that his refusal was
of such a nature as to add to our just complaint."
On Friday the Chamber of Deputies adopted the Address,
in reply to the Speech from the Throne, by a majority of 232
to 141.

A. general meeting of the shareholders of the Great
Northern Railroad was held at Paris, en Thursday, when it
appeared, from the report of the Directors, that the line will
be opened, as far as Clermont, in March next, and to Amiens
in April, or the beginning of May. The centre line will be
opened to the public ii June.

A. letter from Berne states that, on the lit instant, the pri-
mary asserablies had to pronounce on the decision of the
Grand Council relative to undertakingitself the work of revi-
sion. About 34,000 citizens voted, and only 10,000 sanctioned
the decision of the Grand Council, the rest deciding that
the revision should be confided to a coistituent assembly. The
greatest excitement prevailed. Trees of liberty had been
planted in various places, with other manifestations of popu-
lar commotion, which caused anxiety to the more peaceable
portion of the community.

The Augsburg Gazette, of the 2d, states that the police of
Tuscany have arrested, at Leghorn, a coNee-housekeeper, in
whose house they found a correspondence with the conspira-
tors of the Romagna. Several other arrests were mad. after
this discovery. The same journal states that a police agent
has been assassinated at Ancona ; and accounts from Flo-
rence announce that great dissatisfaction bad been manifested
against the Government, for delivering up Rmwzi. The
most violent placards were posted up in the streets, and the
GRAND D LACE, to evade the annoyance, had retired to the
Maremma for a time.
The Three per Cents. elated on the Paris Bourse on Friday at
sat l Be. ; the Five per Cents., 123 f. sc. ; the Orleans Railroad shares,
1,282 f. 75c.; Rouen, 1,505 f. ; lays, 685 f.; Avignon, 955 f.;
Vieraon, 705(.1 Bordeaux, 846 f. 25e.; Boulogne, 340 f. ; Troyes and
Montereau, 450 f. ; Basle, 255 f. ; Great Northern, 766 f. 259. ; Fam-
poux (Paris to Strasburgh), 850 f. ; Spanish Three per Cents., 3s3i ;
Ditto, Domestic Debt, 33!.‘ ; Ditto, Praelves, 6%.
We have since received the Paris papers of Saturday, but
they contain no news. The largemajority (91) for Ministers
on the adoption of the Address, had given " a heavy blow
and great discouragement" to the Opposition, and the funds
in consequence closed on Saturday at a considerable advance,
The prices were quoted as follows :-
Three: per Cents. for Cash, 84f. 15c., for Account, 84f. 25c. ; Five
per Cents. for Cash, Inn 30c., fir Account, 123 f. 40c ; Bank of
France Shares, 3,395 f. ; Neapolitan Shares, 101 f. 50c. ; Spanish, not
quoted ; New Loan, 84f. Bc.
Paris and Orleans left off at 1,245 f.; Paris and Rouen, 1,007 f. any.. ;
Rouen and Havre, 625 f. ; Avignon, 990 f. ; Vierzen, 705 f.; Strasburg,
2531'. 75c. ; Boulogne and Amiens, 545 f. ; Northern, 767 f. 30c. ; Bor-
deaux, 645 f. ; liontereau, not quoted ; Fampoux, 485 f.
Deilnitives have Improved, Lyons having been taken at 625 f. ;
Toars and Nantes, 873 f. 75c. ; Strasburg, 553 f. 73c. ; Avignon, 560 f.
111.1SLIWBSS DOllll IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT TIM

•
'Ate, Ar . ILK
01111.4016i08. I'4-A - 4?-4'
, • * •
A
• t"ICEILLE-4111 0%
4,1;14;
- • • a.