The Sun.
London, England, 1848-09-23 00:00:00

DONCASTER BOROUGH POLICE.
TOWN HALL, Saturday.
(Before THOMAS WALKER, CHARLES JACKSON, and

EDW. SCUOLFIELD, ESQRS.)
GAMBLING HOUSE.—Juhn James Wells, Thomas
Howell, William Garlell„lohn Thompson, Charles C'hap-
man, Joseph Pring, and John Durdon, were brought up
in custody of the police, by virtue of a warrant issued
under the provisions of the Bth and 9th Vict., c. 109.
Mr. Smith conducted the case for the prosecution ; and
Mr. Lewis, of London, appeared for the defendants.
Mr. Smith said, ho appeared to support an informa-
tion under the 3d section of the Bth and 9th Vict., c.
109, whereby it was enacted that it should be lawful for
any justice of the peace upon complaint made before him,
that there was reason to suspect any hens° to be used as
a common gaming-house, to give authority by warrant
under his hand to any constable to enter with such as-
sistants as might be found necessary into such
house, and to use force for making such
entry, whether by breaking open doors or otherwise,
and to arrest all persons found therein who should be
dealt with according to law. By the Bth section it was
also provided, that where any instruments of gaming
should be found in any house suspected to be used as a
common gaming house, and entered under a warrant
issued by virtue of the provisions of that Act, it should
be evidence until the contrary was proved that such
house was a common gaming house and that the per-
sons found in the room or place where:such instruments of
gaming should be found were playing therein, although
no play was actually going on in the presence of the
constable entering the same. The justices might impose
a penalty not exceeding 100/., or might commit the de-
fendants to the House of Correction for any term not
exceeding six calendar months. It would be proved
that the house i❑ question was a common gaming house
—that it was called the Berkeley Club Rooms—and that
gambling, in all its branches, was carried on therein to
a most enormous extent.

John Pigott proved that he was a constable for the
borough of Doncaster, and knew the house in High-
street, called the Berkeley Club-rooms. Witness was
there last night [about eight o'clock, and observed that
gambling was going on ; the parties were playing for
money. Witness described the games and the gaming
instruments which were used ; could not swear that any
of the defendants were in the rooms at eight o'clock,
except the defendant Durdon. Witness can identify
him positively. He had the management of a gaming
table, and turned the ball. Witness was in the room
again about twelve o'clock, with the magistrates, and
assisted to make the seizure. As soon as the magistrates
entered the room a rush was made at the gaming tables.
Witness identified four of the defendants as having been
then present, but cannot say what part they were taking
in the game; Durdon was one of the four. He was in
the same place at twelve o'clock as witness had pre-
viously seen him at eight o'clock; heaps of money being
upon the tables. Witness gathered up one heap and
gave it to Mr. Etches, the superintendent. Witness also
brought away a quantity of gaming instruments, which
he now produced.
George Sunderland proved that he was one of the po-
lice for the borough of Doncaster. Witness was with
the magistrates when they entered the Berkeley Club
Rooms, and apprehended the defendants. Witness also
brought away a quantity of gaming instruments which
he now produced.
Williamson Etches proved that he was the superin-
tendent of police for the borough of Doncaster, and was
also with the magistrates when they made the seizure at
the Berkeley Club Rooms. Witness gathered up a
quantity of money from the tables, and also received some
money from the witness Pigott. Witness now produced
the money. It is in notes, silver, and gold, and amounted
to upwards of 601.

This closed the case for the prosecution.
Mr. Lewis then addressed the bench on behalf of the
defendants, contending that no case had been made out
against any of them, except perhaps against Durdon. It
had not been proved that the others were taking part in
the business of the tables. For anything which appeared
to the contrary they might have been innocent specta-
tors. As such they were certainly liable to be arrested,
but could not be convicted under the Act of Parliament,
unless it were shown that they were taking part in the
management or conduct of the game. Besides it had
not been proved that there was any gaming at all going
on when the magistrates entered.
Mr. Smith, on the other hand, contended that all the
defendants might be convicted. The Act of Parliament
expressly provided that it should not be necessary to
prove that any play wag going on in the presence of the
magistrates. The mere fact that gaming instruments
were found was made evidence that the house was a
gaming house, and the circumstances that the defen-
dants were all present in the same room with the gam-
ing instruments was sufficient to constitute them par-
ticeps criminis.
The magistrates then retired for consultation.
On their return, Mr. WALKER said, that the Bench
had taken the matter into serious consideration, and al-
though they might very properly convict all the defen-
dants, yet, as this was the first case which had come
before them, they hoped the ends of justice might be
answered by the conviction only of the defendant Dur-
don. Ile was proved to have had the management of
the game, and the Bench therefore imposed upon him
the penalty of 1002 In default of payment he would be
committed to the House of Correction at Wakefield, for
the term of six calendar months.
The BENCH took that opportunity of saying that they
had come to the determination to put down the gambling
which, at Doncaster Races, had become so excessive and
so notorious. Notwithstanding the advertisements
which were annually inserted ia the Doncaster news-
papers, stating that sty h illegal pract'ces would be
punished, persons like the defendants, in defiance of
all law, and in opposition to all authority, carried on a
system of organised plunder, which if the magistrates
did not endeavour to suppress they would not be dis-
charging their duty.
The fine of 100/. was immediately paid, and the de-
fendants were discharged.—Doncaster Chronicle.

THE CHEVALIER JOHN MARTIN.
Those who have visited the Polytechnic Institution
of this town, and who have devoted a critical and
well-matured judgment to the pictorial embellish-
ments of this magnificent exhibition, must have been
charmed with the numerous works ofart which decorate
the various roms set apart for this purpose, and
which so proudly mark the progress of painting
in this country ; amongst which must have been ad-
mired, as gems of the first order, those by the cele-
brated Chevalier John Martin, a native of our own
locality, and whose well-earned fame, will, in due
time, be justly appreciated, and claimed by his native
county, as a portion of the laurels which wreath the
history of Northumberland. And it is because we
should love, to see this laudable progression of the
fine arts fostered and promoted by all the natural and
legitimate stimulants on which they subsist, and
without which they languish, that we apologize for
giving our readers- the following extract from a me-
tropolitan contemporary, in the apposition of whose
strictures, both on the score of justice and reproach,
we must say we most heartily concur :
We have had the gratification, in common with
many other lovers of the fine arts, of viewing a splendid
collection of paintings, in oil and water colours, by the
well-known and highly-esteemed Chevalier John Martin.
That gentleman has lately removed from .Alsop-ter-
race, New-road, where he has resided for nearly thirty
years, to Lindsey House, a spacious mansion in Chel-
sea, on the banks of the Thames, with a splendid view
up and down that river. This dwelling has been fitted
up with great taste, and its walls are decorated with
many of the paintings which have obtained for Martin a
reputation which the world ' will not willingly let die.'
There we saw the original of The Deluge, one of the
most effective of modern compositions, with its marvellous
combinations of colour and composition, its wonderful
contrasts of light and shade. There is the fall of Nine-
veh—which (painted as it is on Titian's principle of the
light from within) looked fresher and brighter than it
did when we first saw it years ago. There we saw three
of the paintings illustrative of early Scriptural story—
The Prayer in Paradise; Eve tempting Adam with the
Forbidden Fruit, and Our First Parent's Discovery that
they were Naked. There, too, hangs that striking epi-
sode at the Coronation of Queen Victoria, when the
aged Peer, Lord Rulle, hastening to pay homage to his
Sovereign, stumbled almost at her feet, and the
Crowned 'Lady of the Isle' yielded to her natural
impulse of the courteusness, and hastened to raise
him with her own hand. Nor, master as he is of Space,
and wonderful as he combines minuteness of detail with
breadth of execution—so that his historical paintings
will bear close examination as well as that more distant
view which brings out the illimitable perspective of his
architectural effects—has Martin confined himself to
these, in which, as by common consent, it is admitted
that he stands peculiar and alone. The scenes from
Paradise, which we have just named, show him to
be a landscape painter of such merit and truth, that
if he had confined his efforts to this department, he
could not have failed to have been known in it as
superior to the other. There is the picture, a
landscape which obtained the Heywood gold medal at
Manchester, and there we saw numerous water-colour
paintings representing the beautiful and picturesque
scenery with which this country abounds—from theai
windings of the silver Wye to the numerous and fair
views along the banks of the Thames. In all_
io n f
them,theser
we perceive a strong feeling for nature, a
too, we observe the effective manner in which,d
with h
s
extraordinary management of light and shade, he has
brought scenes palpably before U 5, bathed in a beauty
which the poetry of painting can alone exhibit. But while
gratified with the sight of those pictures, we could not
reject the thought that the best works of such an artist
should not be seen in his own dwelling. We lament
that, with all the conventional talking and writing about
art in the present day, so little has been actually done
to increase it and its profession. Here, for example,
is Martin, of imagination all compact' beyond
any painter of our day and country. lie has had
compliments, presents, honour, from the Emperor
of Russia, the Kings of Prussia and Belgium, the
late Charles X., Louis Philippe, and members of
the Napoleon family; but the royalty of Britain
has appeared unconscious of his existence. Not one
of his paintings hangs in the National Gallery; nor
though the world at large has recognised his merits, his
high originality, has he yet received the doubtful honour
of being allowed to put }Ll\. after his name. It is just
the the same with Lough, whose Shake eu realisations so
admirably illustrate the work of our greatest poet. A.
private individual (Sir M. W. Ridley) has employed him
to produce these, and the patronage conferred on him on
behalf of the nation is actually nothing! The first
of living sculptors has not received even one com-
mission to execute a statue for the new House of Par-
liament. Like Martin, too hehas not been admitted to
•
the Academy. In a right state cf things such men
would have been invite, pressed to become Academi-
cians, bestowing honour upon, rather than deriyo reputa-

tion from, the Academy. But inferior minds Cllano
readily forgive surpassing merit, which makes their own
mediocrity
1 6, 8
more flagrant and apparent."—Newcastle
Journal, Sept.

THE CORN TRADE. kof
WAKEFIELD, SEPT. 2:).—We have had another wee- ,
splendid weather, and our growers have now almost entirei.Y.
finished harvest. The Wheat crop in this district is co
dered barely an average, but the quality is good ; other„,grre
a full average. Potatoes are generally complained of. 1
is a large supply of Wheat reported to this day's
other grain moderate. Fine old Wheat is held for the rifeever
of last week, but there is not much business passing' r
meets a dull sale, and where sales are effected Is to 2s per,q..
decline has to be submitted to. Barley sells at our (gitee„
ticns. Beans steady. Oats and Shelling slow sale at tbs;
market ;.v.
lower prices. Wheat, per quarter of 8 bushels, w
Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk white—Old 54s to 605, Be
50s to 575, ditto red, old 52s to 565, new 50s to 553; al:
bridge and Lincolnshire white, old 54s to 585, new 525. v_
555, ditto red, old 503 to 555, new 48s to 535; Yorkshire.°
white, old 54s to 58s, new 50a to 545, ditto red, old 525 I
t°
50s, new 483 to 535; Dantzic and Konigsberg, old 55545,
old
585; Baltic and Hamburg!), old 528 to 56s ; Odesss,
to 535; Petersburgh and Riga, old 42s to 465. Barley, Er_
quarter of 8 bushels; Norfolk and Suffolk Imperial, new ;le.!
to 365; Yorkshire, and Lincolnshire, 541bs. per bushel, nto
335 to 35s ; Foreign, old 30s to 32s ; Grinding, old
bus2B!
30s. Beans, per quarter of 8 bushels, 631b5 per ;s;
English small, old 36s to 4(35, ditto Tick, old 35s t°
Foreign, old 34a to 38s; Egyptian, old 30s to 32m.• pats,
Boiling, new 40s to 42s ; Grinding, old 36s to 38s• to
per stone: English, old lid to 121 Russian, Old liss
12d. Shelling, per load of 2611b5. old 27s to 285, new 2594
303; Malt, per load of 6 imperial bushels, old 40s to !*,'
Rapeseed, per last of 10 quarters imperial, new 261 to 28/10
Arrivals: Wheat 16,491, Barley 1,321, Oats 1,080, Beitihe
84?6, Peas 87, Rapeseed 91, Malt 160 qrs.—Average fo
week ending Sept. 14: Wheat, 6,109 qrs, at 54s 21,0; •°5,
ley, 30qrs, at 35s Gd ; Oats, 1,238 qrs, at 24s 23/4d i Bean
72 qrs, at 36s 9%d.
LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 22.—At this day's market thefe 0115.1
good attendance of dealers, and a large show sf'W„,l
fresh released from bond. There was a very good de/24—d
for Wheat, particularly fine descriptions of Baltic yellow anis
Polish Odessa, at the full prices :of Tuesday; a tev,(12111,.,d
of middling quality of old and Irish new were vilv;—,„ for
rather easier terms. There was scarcely any inrittlrJ ere
Oats or Oatmeal, but a few parcels being on sale, prices w
unchanged. Barley was in rather better demand atriesuic
for good to 4s 9d per 601bs for fine samples of lower the
and Danish. In: Beans and Peas so little was done that for
value remains nominally unaltered. Flour was steadlcorn
all descriptions, with a slow sale. Indian Corn an on
Meal were fully as dear, and few parcels of sound quality
sale.
NEWD Sam. 21.—At To-day's market we bad a biregi;
supply of Wheat, thegreater portion of which was of the Poe
crop. Old and the finest samples of new met a free sttlehatnet
enhanced rates:of last week, and other descriptions, 81,1",°bat
not so free in sale, fully maintained late rates. Bar ear,
eas,
little in offer, and late rates fully maintained. Beal' late
and Oats, short supply, but sufficient for the demand?' er
rates barely maintained. Wheat—old white, 60 to 63 ll,Pis;
bushel, 62s to 68s per quarter; ditto, 59 to 601bs, 53' to 60,
new white, 62 to 63 lbs, 60s to 64s • ditto, 60 to 62 lb°, lb*
to 64s ; old red, 62 to 63 lbs, 56s to '64s ; ditto, 60s to 62g6 to
505 to 565; new red, G 3 to 65 lbs, 54s to 595; ditto•tlbsr
-
63 lbs, 44s to 525. Barley—Chevalier, fine new, 52 t°lo to
34s to 365; ditto, 50 to 52 lbs, 29s to 335; maltiva 24s
521bs, 29s to 335; grinding, 28s to 30. Oats—fine e'pli' snd
to 26s ; new Tartarian, 25s to 26s ; black, 25s to 283; to
and Dutch, 28s to 30s. Beans—old, 443 to 48s; new, --405
—s. Peas boilers, 40s to 45s ; maple, 40s to 445; ,grei' fine
to 445. Tares—winter, 7s to 8s 6d per bush. itaut pet
Chevalier, 60s to 64s ; common, 52s to 58s ; porter, ~..Idl
quarter. Flour—households, 45s to 48s ; best seconds,!oic
inf and thirds, 28s to 303 per sack.—Averages for than;no,
ending Sept. 16—Wheat, 870 qrs, 53s ; Barley,
35s 40 ; Oats, 64 qrs, 25s Rid ; Rye, 10 qrs, 36s Pailriest•
DEVIZES, SEPT. 21.—We had an average supply °`.;;,,e of
and a pretty good attendance of buyers. At the opeis'less
tn.gerauf
the market the growers asked higher prices, and for
parcels of old an advance of is a quarter was prat,' ge"„otttexhe.
obtained; but for new there was no improvement
prices of last week, although the condition was inah„btele or
A good clearance was made. In Barley there was 11.405
nothing doing, scarcely any being in the market; tstij,
quarter was asked for some new, but it was not given' Titres
Beans, and Peas about as last week. The trade in, were
was heavy, owing to the high prices asked; what sslasfreely
made were at from lis to 12s 6d a bushel. Rye 575
at 20s a sack. Wheat, white, 60s to 64s ' • ditto, best reut tor
to 625; ditto, middling ditto, 53s to 565;
44. s to • Barley, 26s to 45s ; Oats, 23s to 275•1,aer 461
old, 44s to 48s ; Peas, 40s to 48s per quarter;
to 504 Seconds 42s to 45s per sack. Ps , ditto inferiorvdelot

RAILWAY SHARE MAltliti.."7"
BRISTOL, Sari. 22. des too
STOCK EXCHANGE.—There have been very few 7.L dis•
day. Great Western, Quarter Shares, were done at 4/1
Taff Vale, New Shares, % die.
LIVERPOOL, Sam. 22.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The demand for shares at this dant°
market remains very inactive. The sales are—Birinirigea-
and Dudley, 41/4 p.—Edinburgh and Glasgow, 4°--„,..terS•
shire and Yorkshire (late Manchester and Leeds), %.41"' ding6l/
Extensions), Fifths, 35y dis.—Ditto, 32/. Sharessing
Extensions), 10% dis.—Ditto, Fifths (late West 0.1,0,
Union), VA dis.—London and North• Western,
Ditto, New Quarters, 744 c. dis.— Midland Stock, Ind.
Ditto, New Halves, 10 dis.—North Staffordshire ,514
dis.—Shrewsbury and Chester (late N. W. AL), 1" od
ference, 13—Shropshire Union, 3 dis.—York,. Newcastle,
Berwick (Extension, No. I), dis. .
MACHESTER, SEPT. 22.
STocx EXCHANGE.—The sales are—East Lanceib.mirej
Preference, ,A 1 dis.—Manehester and Birmingham (A.
B. ), Quarters, 3/, c. p.—Grimsby Docks, 143 g dis......Oldbani
Alliance, dis. —South-Eastern and Dover, No. 4,6%
Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton, 26. .
BIRMINGHAM, Sam.. 2/.
STOCK EXCHANGE.— The sales are—Birmingham, Violver'
hampton, and Stour Valley, 434 dis.—North Staffordshire,
5 dis.—Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A), 63/d dis.—llitio
(B), 83s. 9d. dis.

YORK, SEPT. 21.
STOCK E:;CHAWGE.—The business transacted to-daY 110
as follows : —Great Northern, 6—North British, .Thirds'
335. 6d. —York, Newcastle, and Berwick (G. N. E• Fur-
chase), 7.

GLASGOW, SErr. 21.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Caledonian, Flo.
ence, 43s.—Edinburgh and Northern, 131/2—Glasg°7'7s...-
marnock, and Ayr, 60—Ditto, Halves, No. 1, 5
rest
Ditto, Halves, No. 2, s%—Ditto, Preference, ley,
Northern, 5/. 19s.—North British, Thirds, s%—ra,'"
Barrhead, and Hurlet, 20s.—Scottish Central, 23.--"rtje
Newcastle, and Berwick (Extension), No. 2 (Nevicas
and Berwick), 144.

niPut,6lo
PRICE OF .
The average price of Brown or MuscovadoSUGAß Sugearien co
iber
from the returns made in the week ending sp
1848, is 23e. 2d. per cwt.

iii
ADVERTISEMENT. Scorbutic humours Cur fro
Holloway's Ointment and Pills.—Extract of a letteri.ted
Mr. George F. Williams, of Blackrock, near Cork,
bel to
June 14, 1848.—T0 Professor Holloway, Sir,—I ,;00 of
state for your satisfaction and for the informs": And
the afflicted, the wonderful effects your Ointment from
Pills have had upon me. I have suffered severely eyo
Scorbutic humours, and for the last seven
have been dreadfully sore; during
almost every remedy without obtaining the least_ ci_lee.,
at last I was prevailed upon to use your invaluable
Tulin
dicines, which I did, and I am delighted to say thatt:nd
perfectly cured by them. Sold by all Druggists, d,
SOP
at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244,
that pYe7irsofilniet.rjecif;
London.
PRESENT OF A CASHMERIAN SHEEP-DOG TO OIL,,
MAJESTY.—A very beautiful specimen of this
rare breed of dogs has recently arrived at the Queen 13
kennel, at Windsor, being
a present f a black and tan co our,
her Majesty. This dog, whilihiss o
from Lord Hardly! t°
by Ghoolab Singh to
and twenty pounds! It was presented
of amazing strength, and weig upwards of one hundred
-tEnglish
Two of these peculiar dogs were
Government tat Lahore.
Mr. Lawrence, the resident political agent of the ng
transmitte • dby GhoolablSingh to Mr. Lawrence, but this, the
ted thr
largest, and by far the finest one of the two, was seise
transmission to the Queen.
asilg
exc'seedriiuvgatle

A R R I A G 0,0
L One. half the world are desolately single, and the
supposing them married, questionably contented. Diffidence, ;,„
sense of right determine the former, and miscalculated holes .4es
titter the latter. The solitary one may shield himself under tbetro.
of caution and svondly prudence, and the indissoluble, regre_.Atit
lomprosing hurry ; but the truth lies deeper. Physical incAnTiess
3ml broken health, are the great hindrances to domestic hat set-
and social content. The dowry should net be the only Martial-BO
dement. Honour and justice demand that health should fertt-i or
in the compact; it alone dignifies the alliance. Slighted h 0 er,
neglect wound more sorely than poverty or misfortune. Bale
these surmises concern you, procure Dr. -CULVERWEbn'i 11.
tiEMOIRS On Single and Married Life," pub. in 2_47,rialf,
aach (by nest, in stamps, Is. 6d. each). Let no 111,4'„iidereu
refined, er prudish feeling deter yen, by their titles, nor be 7,tofnir
sy misinterpretation of their supposed contents, from
them. They are not intended certainly for mere idle nia.r, wbon,
w
far the clbset perusal of those mere deeply interested, f
they are offered as antagonistic to the empyrical trash Put.toosorsn et
the above subjects, by unqualified authors, which -abet
together, are a disgrace to the age. Furthermore. In: escii;
'Little publications claim your attention (same price lit. Ana
by post Is. 6d.) called " What to Eat, Prin. osereil
:avoid," and " How to be Happy." They are 110%,
041
the
pamphlets, but equal in quantity a library volume, nor are —OO
mere ephemeral scribblings of the hour, but the study of the ~,is oar
position tb
1.0" ss
life, who owes his present existence, health, and
3ervanee of the maxims he would incuicate—to do unto othe
javoie
ne
would be done unte,to live after nature's laws—and to keep kol et
on the " sunny side of the way." The above works May be
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvaiho, 147, Fleet•street ; +-ow
39, Cornhill ; Nelson, 457, West Strand ;or direct (by Post et t
wise) &one the anther (who may be conferred with d el
m)rnings and evenings),
B ,obscon•rs lb, Argyll-Place Regent,otreet; 111
.

At Coventry, on the 18th instBIRTBS
~ Mrs. J. Hart, of son;
On of
On the 19th inst., at the Moat, Britford, Wilts, the r...ty
F. J. E. Jervoise, of Herriaid-house, Hants, Esq., of a %tiro
On the 19th inst., at Cheltenham, the lady of Aug°
Fitzgerald, Esq., of a daughter.
At the Crescent, Clapham-common, on the 20th illst.r.
E. 'l'. Crafer, of a son.

MARRIED.
At St. Paul's Church, Malta, on the 7th inst., wllAlter
Winthrop, Esq., United States Consul, to Emma, daub
of the late Sir William Curtis, Bart. Vir•
On the 16th inst ,at St. Mary Abbott's, Kensington, C. of
T. Crause, Esq., of Brixton, Sul:rev, to Lacy 14:111!,
Thurloe place, Brompton, sixth daughter of the LA'O
Oakley, Esq., of Beckenham, Kent. Job°
On the 20th inst., at St. James's, Clerkenwell,
King, of Clapham, to Miss Sarah, the third daughter of
W. lloyte, of White Lion-street, Pentcnville. f the
On the 21st inst., at Hampstead, R. P. Davis,_,° ugh'
Rhyinney Iron Company, to Mary Elizabeth, second lirest•
ter of the late J. Bramwell, Esq., Selside, Kendal/
moreland.

13rOlcs
DIED.
On the 15th inst., at Petistree-lodge, Suffolk, -pt
Esq., aged 77. VC•
On the 18th inst., at Rectory-place, Woolvricb,
Pease, late of the Royal Laboratory, and Professor of `'-
th
maticul Drawing, &c., aged 49. late
On the 19th inst., Anne, the wife of R. Willis, Esq"
of Ludlow, and Wanstead-park, Van Diemen's Land.
Ochs
On the 19th inst., at Aston-place, Holloway, Mos —a
Hollyer, aged 54.
At Ide-hill Parsonage, Sundridge, Kent, on the 20th or.
Henrietta Mary Anne, the wife of the 11ev. Augustus
Cole, incumbent, aged 25.

G a
London: Printed and Phblished by BIIIRDO YOW ,
No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Bun Cage, Na a
Strand, in the Precinct f the Savoy, in the ovo"
Kiddlesex, Saturday, September 23, 1848.