The Sun.
London, England, 1848-07-04 00:00:00

He thought it right, however, to proclaim that the
principle acted on was a just one, and that the State
certainly had a right to expropriate these lines or any
other such property, if the interests of the State
demanded it. The State had also determined to
withdraw the Bill to enable the Government to take
possession of the insurance offices. The duty on mort-
gaged property, proposed :by his predecessors, which
tied been set down at forty-five millions, but which
would not produce more than twenty millions, would be
retained, but only for one year. To meet the expenses
of the year the Government was obliged to devise some
means of meeting the expenditure of the year, and, in
consequence, it intended establishing duties on legacies
and donations, which would bring in, it was calculated,
thirty millions. The Honourable Minister concluded by
bringing forward five Bills. The first relative to the
150 millions lent by the Bank; second, on the savings'
bank; third, on the Buns du Tresor; the fourth, on the
legacy duty; and the fifth granting five millions as an
advance to the persons engaged in building.
M. Duclerc declared, that as the principle of the
Railway Bill was not objected to, he wiiuld undertake to
show, when the discussion came on, that the Bill would
not produce any of the ill effects spoken of.
In the course of the sitting, M. GOUDCIIAUX read
the following expose des motifs with respect to the
loan of 150 millions of francs, concluded with the
Bank of Prance :

" A negotiation relative to a loan of 150,000,000 had
been commenced by my predecessor with the Bank of
France. I have lost no time in concluding that
important operation. 75 000,000 can be paid into
the Treasury before the termination of the next
quarter of a year, and 75,000,000 in the first three
months of 1849. The guarantees given by the Bank
are—for a sum of 75,000,000 of Rentes derived
from the Sinking Fund, in conformity with the or-
donnance of the 15th of June, 1834, that is to
say, on three•fourths of the value. For the other
75,000,000, forest belonging to the State, and amounting
to 84,729 hectoires. The first half of the loan will be
reimbursed by the Treasury in three payments in the
course of the year 1850, the second half by the produce
of the sale of the forests, and under the condition that
whether the sale be effected with a profit or with a loss,
the difference will be to the profit of the Treasury, as
will be covered by it. Such are the basis of the loan of
the 30th of June, 1848."
Several detachments of workmen from the Ate-
liers Nationaux have left Paris for the purpose
of joining the Piedmontese army.
The discussion on the project of the constitution is
going on in the several bureaux with great animation.
In some of them the preamble has been entirely re-
jected ; in others most important modifications have
been made in the enunciation of the so-called droit de
travail, which it is to be hoped the Assembly will re-
ject entirely as absurd, and impossible to be carried
out. The mode of government proposed has also
given rise to warm discussions. One of the bureaux,
on the motion of the Count DE MONTALEMBERTI
adopted as a resolution that " The separation of powers
was an essential condition of the Government of the
Republic."

M. PIERRE LEROUX gave it as his opinion
that the constitution of three estates (pouvoirs) was
necessary in order to escape the despotism of mem-
bers. M. QUINET, on the other hand, contended in
favour of a single Chamber as necessary for the cen-
tralisation of the democratic power, which is to re-
place that of the monarchical power. M. DE MONTA-
LEMBERT contended warmly for two Chambers as a
necessary check on the march of democracy.
The Commission of surveillance over the savings'
banks has been reinstated, with the consent of the
Government, and the Committee on Finance has
ordered the restoration of the funds belonging to the
Tontine Companies, which had been seized by order
of the late Government.

The state of the prisons in France occasions con-
siderable anxiety. The Constitutionnel says—

"We have on several occasions called the attention of
the Government to the central houses of confinement
and correction. We se,: with pain that for the last
three months about 18,000 individuals confined in those
establishments have been left totally without employ-
ment, and that it has been almost impossible to maintain
order and discipline amongst them. It is well that the
Minister of the Interior should be made aware
that, in the eyes of the prisoners, the laws and
regulations which were made by the old Govern-
ment have been all annulled by the Republic, and
they therefore rebel against their compulsory silence,
and the deprivation of wine and tobacco. If the system
of labour iu the prisons is not promptly resumed, we
much doubt whether the directors of them, with all their
energy, will be able much longer to exercise any
authority over the prisoners. Formidable disturbances
have already broken out which have necessitated the in-
terference of the armed force. At Melun, Limoges, and
at Loos, the agitation has been very great. At Loos
the prisoners attempted to break out of prison, and at
Melun they barricaded themselves in their sleeping
wards. Yet when it was so necessary to have experienced
men at the head of those establishments, the last Minis-
try replaced the former experienced directors by men
who had never put their foot inside a prison."

General CAVAIGNAC has announced that the sum
of 100,000 francs, payment demanded by the Go-
vernment for the expense of the bureaux, is unne-
cessary.
The project of law relative to primary instruction
laid before the Assembly by M. CARNOT on Friday
last, has been published in extenso. According to
this plan, education to a certain limit is declared com-
pulsory. If the parent cannot, or will not, educate
the child, the State will do it. Gratuitous education
to a certain limit is offered by the State to all with-
out distinction. A parent who will neither provide
education for his child, nor avail himself of the gra-
tuitous instruction offered by the State, is guilty of
an offence punishable by fine and suspension of civil
rights. That portion of instruction called primary,
and which it is declared in this project necessary to
impart to all French children as the indispensable
qualification to the future exercise of their rights as
citizens, is declared to be as follows :-1. Reading,
writing, grammar, arithmetic, the metrical system,
measures of magnitude, elementary notions of
physics, agriculture and industry, drawing,
singing, and French history and geography.-2. The
duties and rights of a man and a citizen, the develop-
ment of the sentiments of liberty, equality, and fra-
ternity.-3. Elementary precepts of health and exer-
cises useful to physical development.—Religious in-
struction by the ministers of the different worships.
Such is the extent of education which this project
declares it to be the duty of the State to impart or
cause to be imparted to every child of either sex
under the Republic. The machinery by which this
immense design is to be realised is declared to con-
sist of public schools, private schools, and family
instruction, all of which are to be directly or indi-
rectly controlled by the State. The public schools
are to be conducted at the expense of the State, and
administered under the direction of the Minister of
Public Instruction. The masters and mistresses of
private schools must be licensed by the State, and
their qualifications must be tested by means appointed
by the Minister of Public Instruction. All children of
every class, from the highest to the lowest, are sub-
ject to the surveillance of the Minister of Public In-
struction, whose duty it is to see that none are unedu-
cated.
The following is the fourth section of this project,
in which the means of compulsion are enumerated :
Every father, whose child aged full ten years, is
notoriously known not to frequent any school, or re-
ceive primary instruction, is obliged, on notice from
the mayor, to present him to the commission of ex-
amination as to instruction. If the child be not pre-
sented, or If it appear that he does not frequent any
school, or receives no instruction, the father may be
cited at the request of the commission before the
Juge de Paix, and reprimanded. The judgment shall
be publicly posted up at the Maine for a month. If
the Commission report on the following year that he
has not attended to the reprimand, the father shall be
cited before the civil tribunal of the arrondissement,
and condemned to a fine of from 20 to 500 francs and
suspension of his electoral rights during a period not
exceeding five years. The punishment shall cease
when the Commission shall report that the child has
received primary instruction.
BOURSE—.PARIS,MONDAY, JULY 3.
THREE o'CLocK.—The Bourse was very animated
to-day; and the financial project of the new Minister of
the Finances produced a great rise in the Rentes and
Shares. For the Account, the French Three per Cents.
have risen if. 50c-; Five per Cents. have risen 2f. For
Money, the Three per Cents. have risen 2f.; Five per
Cents. have risen 2f. 75c. Bons du Tresor are at 14
discount. Bank of France Shares have risen 80f. Bel-
gian Bank Shares not quoted. Two.and-a-Half per
Cents. are not quoted. Spanish Funds, nothing ,done.
Roman has risen per cent. Rothschild's Receipts have
risen
50; dittosenipe (90
per cent,
25
.yExeha4nor on London (30 days),
25
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, JULY 3.
Boulogne and Amiens, 61/2—Northern of France, 43/4--
Sambre and Meuse, 3.

EXTENSIVE FIRE NEAR ENETER IlALL.—Shortly
before two o'clock this morning great alarm was occa-
sioned by the discovery of a fire in the lower part of the
premises of Exeter Hall Cigar Divan, Strand. Having
been opportunely discovered by Carr, the Savoy watch-
man, his timely information enabled the quick arrival of
Dowden and Solornons with the Chandos•street fire-
engines. Unfortunately a delay occurred with the sup-
ply of water, but notwithstanding this somewhat diffi-
cult matter the windows and doors were kept closed till
water could be procured, when other assistance had
arrived, and by such judicious measures, aided with
the redoubled exertions of the brigade, West of Eng-
land, and County firemen, the damage, to a very great
extent, was confined to the stock, shop, and luwer part
of the building. Mr. Hunt, the proprietor, is insured.
As to the cause of the fire nothing decisive was known.

A_ youth, fifteen years of age, and seven feet one
inch in height, is on exhibition in Liverpool.