The Sun.
London, England, 1848-08-15 00:00:00

iniquity received the acquiescence and approval of the
German National Parliament assembled in solemn
r conclave in the Imperial city of Frankfort-on-the-
Maine. In consequence of these dastardly and in-
solent proceedings on the part of Prussia, and sub-
sequently on the part of United Germany, the Posen
Deputies at the Diet of Berlin have solemnly pro-
tested before GOD and man, and have sent copies of
their protest to the French National Assembly, as
well as to the Diets of Frankfort, Berlin, and Vienna.
In another column of this evening's impression
of The Sun will be found the whole of
this important and patriotic document, in which six-
teen of the noble compatriots of KOSCIUSKO cry out
in voices of mingled agony and wrath against the
First German Popular Parliament which " sanctions
the political murder of a whole nation, and,i, that it
should not rise again, presses on its giant tombstone
with the whole weight of a representation of
40,000,000 of Germans !" At an early opportunity
we shall enter more fully into the consideration of
the cause which has so long been aided by the
chivalrous enthusiasm of Lord DUDLEY STUART,
and in doing so we shall direct attention
to a remarkable work on the Sclavonic races
recently written by the Count VALERIAN KRASINSKI.
At present we content ourselves with noticing the
protest of the Posen Deputies, and with branding
with the horror of England the two odious acts of
spoliation with which Germany has commenced the
work of her regeneration.

The great desideratum of the present day is, that
there should be a currency adequate to the national
wants, and sufficient to afford the means of keeping
the real capital of every country—its productive
labours—in full and constant employment. It sig-
nifies little of what that currency may consist,
whether it should possess intrinsic value or not,
provided it be generally received as a medium
of exchange, and that the public are satisfied
to receive it at its nominal or conventional value. It
is not the quantity of gold in a pound sterling that is
looked to, or in any degree considered by the parties
receiving it in exchange for their commodities or their
labour, but the certainty that, it will again be re-
ceived from them when they in turn become buyers ;
in fact, that it possesses a "purchasing power." This
general acceptance is what gives the currency its
actual value, and it will not be depreciated so long as
the public are satisfied that it is based on real wealth,
of whatsoever description that wealth may be of
which it is the representative, and which may at any
time be made available for its liquidation or redemp-
tion. There is no possible reason why a currency
based on land should not maintain its value, at least
as steadily, if not more so, than one based on the
precious metals ; still better, and less subject to fluc-
tuation, would be one issued by the nation, and
secured on all its available resources—on the wealth,
the industry, the good faith of the people. There
could be no possible danger to the holder of such a
currency. It would at least rest upon an equally
safe foundation as our national debt, and if its issue
were guarded with due diligence, and at all times
proportioned to the actual demand, so as to maintain
the purchasing power of a pound sterling as nearly
as possible at an equal value, we should no
longer see those violent alternations that defeat the
most wise and prudent calculatious, bring our mer-
chants and manufacturers to the verge of bankruptcy,
and deprive our operatives of that fair employment
by which they are enabled to support their families
by their own honest industry.
At present, owing to the artificial restrictions that
are imposed by the baleful operation of the Bank
CharterAct,the. circulating medium of the country is
far.below its actual wants, and every description of in-
dustry languishes for want of proper nutriment.
There is a constant jealousy subsisting between the
different classes, each supposing that the other absorbs
more than its due share of the general fund. The
merchant and the manufacturer rail at the railway
proprietor, supposing that the amount expended in
the construction of new lines is so much taken from
commerce or manufacture. There is really an
abundance for all, if it were not limited by
the provisions of our monetary code. There
is ample capital in the country, but, unfor-
tunately, there is no fitting representative there-
for. That which alone is received as such being in-
sufficient for the wants of all, a scramble is occasioned
among the various classes which artificially enhances
the value of money, keeps up the rate of interest at a
price which retards, or rather prevents production,
the profits of the manufacturer not being sufficient to
afford the high price demanded for the necessary pe-
cuniary accommodation, and thus keeping the
labourer, whether skilled or unskilled, from obtaining
employment. That scrambling can, however, no
more help our wants " than (as LOCKE in his consi-
derations on money remarked) the pulling of a short
coverlid will among children that lie together pre-
serve them from the cold ; some must starve, unless
the father of the family provide better, and enlarge
the scanty covering." This, then, should be the end
and object of all, more particularly of the industrious
and productive classes, who lie on the outside, and
from whom the corner of the covering which falls to
their let is first withdrawn on any movement of the
other more favoured children.

A respected correspondent, who signs himself 11.
C. ARGENT, and from whom a communication will
be found in another part of our impression this day,
writes that " distribution is better than division."
There are no means by which the doctrines of com-
munism and socialism can so effectually be checked
as by affording that fair and just distribution that
will afford to all who deserve it a certain portion of
the " coverlid," however small. They will then
hope by degrees to obtain more, and will not call for
a separation of their common covering into a portion
for each, which will not then be sufficient to protect
any from the cold; but if those in the most favourable
positions try to secure all for themselves, and com-
pletely to strip the outliers, then, indeed, it is more
than probable that the latter will retaliate, and
perhaps deprive the greedy parties of what they
would gladly be suffered to retain if they acted more
equitably and more liberally in the first instance.

SPAIN.
Madrid papers to the 9th instant inclusively have
arrived.
About the end of this August the Duchess of
MONTPENSIER is expected to be confined at Seville.
M. LESSEPS, the French Charge d'Affaires, bad re•
fused to proceed to Seville to be present at the
accouchement. The Prussian and Brazilian Ambas-
sadors had, however, accepted the invitation.
Letters from Bayonne of the 10th instant mention
the execution, by order of the Carlist Chief COR-
TINOS, of a girl of 17 and her brother, for having been
the bearer of dispatches of the authorities of Tarra-
gona to one of the QUEEN'S officers. On the 3d an
encounter took place near Junqueras, on the French
frontier, between a battalion of Chasseurs and 270
Cellists, in which the latter had 10 killed and 20
wounded.
GONZALES BRAVO has been allowed a foreign
passport, so that he is saved his trip to the Philippines.
General SERRANO has resigned the Captain. Ge-
neralship of Grenada.
The Carlists still occasionally show themselves, but
their efforts are not formidable.
Three per Cents. 191 buyers, 11- sellers ; Five per
Cents. 101 buyers, 11 sellers. Passive Debt 31,
4 sellers. Foreign ditto, 31 sellers. Bank Shares,
48 to 50 buyers. Discount on Notes, 5} to e.

PORTUGAL.
Letters and papers from Lisbon to the 9th, from
Oporto to the 10th, and from Vigo to the llth, have
arrived by the steam-ship Jupiter.
At Lisbon there were left her Majesty's steamer
Merlin and the usual Portuguese squadron. At
Oporto was her Majesty's steamer Orient.
As a token of the political liberty enjoyed in Por-
tugal, we may mention that a young Spaniard, of the
name of AGUILAR, a son of AGUILAR, who was
Spanish Minister here some years ago, has been sum-
marily ordered to leave Portugal by the Government.
It seems that his offence was having scribbled some
republican poetry of his own in the album kept at
Victor's Hotel, at Cintra.
The discount on Bank notes was 39 per cent. Ex-
change on London, 30 days' sight, 5211 ; 90 days'
date, 521. Little business done.

ERRATUM.—In the account of the Great Northern
Railway meeting, in our paper of yesterday, we stated
in the engineers' report " that the works now in course
of execution extend over 17 miles." It should read
" 171" miles.

DUBLIN.—In Dublin there is a certainty of har-
mony, in one form at least. Mdlle. Jenny Lind has ac-
cepted an engagement to perform at the Theatre in the
operas of La Figlia, Sonnambula, Puritani, Lucia,
&c. She will have in her suite Belletti, Roger, F. La-
blache ; with Balfe, Piatti, Zeiss, Lavigne, L'Anglois,
Remusat, Nadaud, and other first-rate instrumentalists,