The Sun.
London, England, 1846-02-26 00:00:00

A PROPHEC Y froin the POTATO

We remember a nursery fragment—as, doubtless, does the
reader—running thus :
" The butcher, the baker,
The candlestick maker,
Ali jumped out of a rotten potato I"
We know not whether the good Father Mathew had this
doggrel in his thoughts, but he has hopefully suggested that
future plenty may be made to gerrninate from the present
potato blight. The noble meek-hearted man has written a
letter to the Cork Examiner, in which he dilates on the use
and importance of Indian corn as an article of food. He
says, " I hope for many ulterior advantages from what at
present is a calamity; our people will be deterred from de-
pending solely on potatoes for food;" and he concludes as
follows
With the gratifying prospects now before us of su2icient remune-
rative labour for the whole unemployed population of, Ireland, I in-
dulge in the expectation of soon seeing the potato reduced to its pro-
per position of a vegetable to be used with flesh meat, &c., as an ac-
companiment, and no longer to be esteemed as an exclusive article
of food, except for hogs."
We fervently hope so too. And when Paddy shall enjoy
his own pork, with a bit of Sunday mutton or beef; shall
break his daily bread of good wholesome corn ; when he shall
be enabled to secure to his family these small comforts, ori-
ginating in the present dire distress—made ultimately at-
tainable by him in consequence of the attention of the Le-
gislature to his present misery—then let the little children
of Ireland be taught the above-named doggrel as a house-
hold song of comfort and thanksgiving, and let them (gene-
rously assuming the advent of the maker of candlesticks)
pipe from contented, full-bellies, the realised prophecy :
The butcher, the baker,
The candlestick maker,
Did jump out of a rotten potato."
We think that Victoria herself would hear as sweet music
in this as ever she listened to in " God save the Queen."—
Punch.

Died, December 22, 1845, struck by a cannon-shot,
while gloriously storming the Seikh batteries in front of Ferozepore,
Lieutenant George Alfred Croly, 2Gth Light Infantry, N. 1., eldest
son of the Rev. Dr. Croly, Rector of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, London
A CHESHIRE HElto. Sir John Littler, who was
engaged in the late battle of Moodkee, in India, is the eldest son of
Thomas Littler, Esq., by Diana his wife, daughter of John Hunter,
Esq., a Director of the East India Company, and represents a family
of considerable antiquity in Cheshire, where, in the Vale Royal, his
ancestors were settled in the time of Edward I. Sir John Littler
was born Jan. 6th, 1783, and married, June 25th, 1827, Helen
Olympia, only daughter of Captain Henry Stewart, son of John
Stewart, Esq., claimant of the earldom of Orkney.—Chester Courant.
DEATH OF MRS. BUSHE. —We regret to announce
the death of this amiable and talented lady, who expired at her
house on Friday last. 'Her loss will be severely felt in the musical
profession, of which she was deservedly an ornament, Mrs. Bushe
(better known in the musical world as Miss Noel) was the original
Agnes in Der Frieschutz, vt hen it was produced in Edinburgh,
and in which she made a great impression ; and few will forget the
exquisite taste and feeling she imparted to all our Scotch ballads, in
which she excelled. In private life Mrs. Bushe was universally re-
spected, and we need scarcely say that her death will be regretted by
a large circle of friends and admirers.—Edintturgh Advertiser. _

GENERAL THEATRICAL FUND.—The annual meeting
of the members was held on Wednesday, at the saloon of the English
Opera House ; Mr. Buckatone, the treasurer, in the chair. From
the report of the committee, read by Mr. Cullenford, the secretary,
it appeared that the object of this institution was the granting of
permanent pensions to actors, actresses, chorus singers, dancers,
pantomimists, and prompters. The necessity of such a fund had long
been felt by the members of the profession, from the exclusiveness
of the Covent-garden and Drury-lane funds. These patent theatres
only assisted the decayed members of their respective companies
(pantomimists excepted), while the General Theatrical Fund was
open to all persons connected with the stage, with the exception of
those engaged in the musical and scenic departments. Drury-lane im-
posed a servitude of three successive seasons, and Covent-garden two
successive seasons, to entitle amember of such company to the advan-
tages of either funds, consequently the majority of actors and actresses
were excluded from the benefits of these rich and prosperous in-
stitutions. A very clever letter, expressive of these sentiments, from
the pen of Mr. H. Hughes, of the Surrey Theatre, was laid before the
meeting. The financial statement of the directors was subsequently
read. The receipts during the past year had been 3,0961. 15s. 5d.,
while the expenditure was only 451. 19s. 7d. The amount of annuity
proposed to be granted during the ensuing year was 251. There
were four claimants. The report of the committee having been con-
firmed, it was determined that the first public dinner In aid of the
fund should take place early in April, at the London Tavern, at
which Mr. Charles Dickens had kindly consented to preside. Among
the donors to the institution appear the names of the Duke of North-
umberland, 50/. ; Mr. C. Kean, 501. ; Mr. Macready, 30/. ; Mr. A.
Webster, 201. ' • the late Mr. Davidge, 20/. ; Miss llelen Faneit, 51.
(annual) ; and Mr. W. Farren, 51. (annual). The customary votes
of thanks haying been given to the officers of the fund, the meeting
separated.

MORNING TRAINS TO LONDON.—We understand that
it is the intention of the directors of the Grand Junction Railway to
comply with the request of the merchants of Liverpool, recently con-
veyed to them in the form of a memorial, praying that they would
establish a morning as well as an evening express train between
London and Liverpool. It is generally understood that the morning
train will„ tart at 6 and reach Loudon about 12 ; and we be-
lieve that it is the intention of the directors to delay the starting of
the down-train to Liverpool until 5 o'clock in the afternoon, in order
that perions desirous of performing the journey to and from London
in a single day may have more time to get through their business.
It will thus be possible for merchants, brokers, and others, who may
be desirous to attend sales of sugar, wool, indigo, and other articles—
or professional men having business to perform which requires their
actual presence on the spot—to pass the previous night at home, to
spend four or five hours in London, and again to reach home the
same evening. The distance travelled 1;111 not be less than 428 miles ;
and yet, such is the ease as well as the swiftness of this mode of tra-
velling, that it will be performed with much greater ease, and in
pretty much the same time, as the, Journey was formerly performed
from Liverpool to Manchester, and back again, in the same day.
Twenty years ago this was considered something of a feat, although
the distance travelled over was only 72 miles.—Liverpool Times.

aIkQUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTY.—On Wednesday the annual
account of all moneys received and disbursed by the Governors of
Queen Anne's Bounty during the year ending the 31st of December,
ki44, which have been presented to Parliament, were printed. The
receipts were 181,8911. 12s. 5d., and the disbursements 178,7961.95. 9d.
The yearly tenths in arrear were 901. 25. 6d.
Sin. R. PEEL'S MEASURE.—The Manchester Guardian
says, it is now confidently stated that Mr. Talbot Clinton, M.P., the
Member for North Lancashire, will vote with the protectionists, thus
neutralising the vote of his colleague, Mr. Wilson Patten. The
Birtninghatn Journal states that Lord Ward, of Dudley, has given
his proxy in favour of the Government measure, when it comes be-
fore the Rouse of Lords.
MR. WAGAOBN.—The Court of Directors of the East
India Company have presented Mr. Waghorn with the sum of 3001.
in consideration of his useful and zealous services, and of the ex-
penses which he has incurred in the establishment and during the
progress of steam communication between Great Britain and India.
—4EO4 In4ta AAA

A DESULTORY CONVERSATIOr
ON THE RAILROAD DEPOSITS.
A. It appears very singular to me, that in the e"c;
of England weekly returns, which show an iminenaeL
crease in the private deposit account, there does
not appear to be any material decrease in the amount u,sr
Bank.notes in circulation, or increase in the amount
bullion—can you tell me how this can happen? los
B. It is impossible for me to give you any patio but
as to the private operation of the Bank of England; $
I can dearly explain to you how it is possible.lo
banker to show an immense increase in the deposit
.sot
count without one single penny of cash being Paid
a single bank note nor a sing !
Pleaso show the factle as it issovereign pussible in real)et
to the railway deposits. that
B. I dare say you have read in the news Par
the Accountant-General has accepted the cheques dfteir
by the directors of the railroad companies ne
London bankers.
A. I have. 010
B. Well, then, we will suppose that a London b
has taken securities to the Bank of England, tel.„10/
arrangements for opening a " cash credit" accoee be
dforrawln, 0400, On f
0 001. r., being the amount he exPeeted t°
h cgs
A. I understand. The London banker in aue-d for
would be entitled to draw on the Bank of Englsll"
1,000,000/. their
B. The directors of the railroad companiltw the
cheque for 1,000,0001. on their London banker no'
hands of the Accountant-General. The Aeee,tl,,niaad,
General pays this eheque into the Bank of •Peenot,
whose clerk takes it to the London banker for •paY,,OO
The London banker having opened a cash credit act' gife
with the Bank of England for 1,000,000 L, does noi
cash for it, but draws a cheque on the Bank of Plie7r th
for 1,000,0001., which he hands over in exchaoge
cheque drawn upon him by the directors of the ri"
J
co y
mpan,
A. I see. Then I suppose the Bank 0- s.lsa,J
balances the London banker's "cash credit" see°,-;tiera,,'
gives credit for 1,000,000/. to the Accountant"`",
retaining the banker's securities for 1,000,0001.
1 of
advanced. b
B. Precisely so. Thus you perceive that the
the railroad deposits may be satisfied to o°,o'll
standing orders of the Houses of Parliament
the
one single penny of money being paid • en "sill
culation of bank-notes will not be decreased, o°'l3ol
sovereign extra get into the coffers of the
061
England. e
A. The operation appears to be very sillir
explained. asgeel:,
B. Observe, I do not say things have been 10—, teo,o
this way. I merely wish to show you how °a further:;
actions of this kind may be arranged. In order ".1010,
satisfy you that the payments may have beeo:4ej
this manner, I would call your attention to theoseit
side of the weekly published returns of the heOl
f
England, where you will find that the securitieso
the Bank of England have increased in ere°occoll°,i
equal to the increase of the "private deposit" Dot "„
A. I see you are correct ; but may not the the
England have invested the money received Wrote
countant.General in securities, and in this WO 0
rid of their bank-notes paid in? tbailee
B. I should think not ; you will observe in oA
returns that there are two sorts of securitiOr tO:fil,
" Government securities," and securities " ntheesP,o,
Government. You will observe, also, if Yeutbeir,,t:r
several weekly returns with each other, tha:, otPii,
vernment securities have rather decreased tiirtGol'efor
wise, and that only the securities " other" theagiage,l
ment are so greatly increased in amount. Sne"„itlia
case, I do not think the Bank of England we'ititlo,"s[
of themselves such deposits in private securitie?,,,
ace
they would not hesitate to open a " cash credit
on the deposit of private securities. titei
A. I think your conclusion reasonable. ,Api ea
B. It is possible-that many of these seetel"io Or"
as " other" than Government securities mar'
1110
be Government securities. ae 1
A. This appears to be a paradox. Be kind
explain how this can be ?
ea eaero
B. Suppose the Bank of England enters pot •
of,'
head " Government securities " only the a rape
positively positively in their own name, and their old
and that any amount of Government veer'," etlieP
ferred to them as collateral securities, to sec the
tbe pf 4
ment of bankers' promissory notes, are net"•;"
4p ur
of England deemed " Government securititbsa
thus carried to the account " Securities eiher ectli
vernment."
the
A. Would not this mode of making eP nt?
returns be an evasion of the Act of Parlialeee);•so°`";6
,jl°
B. I think not ; in fact, if they do arloPt,:, rio`P
making up the weekly returns, I consider we' jt
fulfilling the spirit of the Act. ‘,“l t ig
A. If the Bank of England has adopted
rendering assistance to the London banher"„pelrt
be said that there are so many millions of ,111„," tb°
up in the Bank of England in the railway °Aer 1,41"
B. Of course the money cannot be loan tbet 04:
Bank of England, but remains in the hann!„-tereue
don bankers ; they can use it, and what the
can make by the use of it over and above ,
they will have to pay the Bank of England' eillte
Loudon bankers' profit. 9 Pr 101
A. Pay the Bank of England interest
I thought you explained just now that t_lie,tesftok
might be done without the use of any bola 11,-be Pj-
B. Not pay interest? Credit is moner—,, otr!
England gives the banker credit for I,°`'„"6ol
credits the Accountant- General with 1,000,u 40
l.
paid
honestlyintodu
hiseto h
account;te
Bankth of Englanderefore intcrest j
for
modation. [O6
A. I should think the " rest" will show $h1)011
r9und. sum by the time the next dividend °".

-
Glared.
B. I should think so too. let
, ~,,ste lel
A. What is the meaning of the word 'TA-0111"
B. It is only the French word reste, I'm" the r
e; signifying the remainder, or the balasce
..e10,911,0
of the account, as generally written by ole if air,9
A. Retournons a notre propos. Well, then, je ~
don bankers have all the cash of the rail be 001
their hands, the country bankers must be P 11
he
drained. all t" 1, o°
B. The London bankers may not have ,„t the it
in their hands, for it is very probable IrniterVorjri
bankers have accommodated the country no r‘; f.a.
the same way that the Bank of Engisilua, q/1101115,
them accommodation, and, likely ell'u°l3s, till'
lando
A. hlafvaelibteheins fhoarswharadpepdenteodLe,
part of the securities handed over to the ,lie Fred 0)14
what can make money or discounts so ty ~,4
termed ? Olt °COQ,
B. just suppose that the whole soti°,,f as, ocl,V,
anncidonnoicr°:l33llo.'g'i,‘ It.
roil ,l,
way deposits had formerly formed part -93(.41ti Or of
number of accounts in all the bankers issvis, tad,l
land, and Ireland, gentlemen's, loare'occoli°oo
iiiiiethi°Bl3iviecoturjtibefig;°t;
bankers' accounts ; it follows that those ocqo/000
be decreased in the ratio of the railvviii!, sty! rid
pang,
willperiods. only Tined
willt h the
perhaps money
the money transferred to a few, the bsn'he„ rair for 1 ftl‘
what time he may be called upon by t'10100,5 ite,ed
seven, fourteen,days, he os ,c
or twenty-one ji,eo a
Job,
careful how he employs the money iris tovirrirti oe,
as formerly at two months' date. ',Lull , Or' 40/
pies trade and commerce, which are chie .3,106,:oo ilif,
means of bills of no less dates ; and, lluesidsolf?,
rally suspected that many parties bair'oavi%ef,hgt
become shareholders in railroads-4 sake si"„0,70:
because they have been obliged to '3 dee'hie","
their business affairs to pay their railersYbigs, 0 ',04
has crippled their resources; and the! get, 0430010'st'
readil to be taken in the discount niso'l oroPA itil jI;
upon." Perhaps, as the London banks Or 0 ,o,
r glib OS
reduced by having to pay the Bank 01 -•scoll the
r di ' .0
they require an extra percentage Jot; mos- ° 4'•
may be that this increased rate of 111'" ejefi`;';
evil rather any want of money itself. .c, if Ore creas,
A. There cannot be any want of ts°ll%l ille,g o„rei
remain in the hands of the bankers, slid inc be illie.
be any difficulty in the bankers flo(11140id tat Olf
ploying it, or they would rather bs,.ven'tia/c ti it te°
itself into the Bank of England Osiaterestet '" ,i
securities with the Bank and P 4 - Brea ,Ifi''
~ „. a ,i it
could not have employed the co.. -t te't
interest. thattb l9jj $
B. This you may rest assured of, ilia
bl
accept the accommodation offered 050. to ge
England, if it did not answer their pal? coits . ill:
A. Well. Now, how are all their dvP g0,5,,,i
again ? tbefersl4'
le as Ges fl) ot
B. By an operation just as situp
post- 1; 001
The railway directors go to the Acct the 13°0,4 o,i
get his cheque, say for 1,000,0001, 0.1 to thee 14) 1, ,i
land. This cheque the directors Pay 0a bael'beleot!‘
their London banker's. The Lo"°--t," at the j'fill.
cheque into his "cash credit accouoso in oat iti rriii,
England ; he then draws a cheque ao oh for 1 tbeior
England, and instead of being Pa cod pa) reeu
back the securities he had deposited, ,00$ 0.
had P'- ell
of England the rate of interest the, • it)
!„,ele - its
for the accommodation. nd sum` .og 1
A. It appears all very plain a
_stioa. aiol Do 'j
plained. I thank you for your inferw,our i:o3it 10,(
B. Do not let me mislead You, .1 your viiiee'e;e,,,
been` Ofr . vgy v, 0
,to
operations positively havetV"' IVj Ot. V
stated. You know lamin an ou.
~_.,,,t10
of
~,t
have no direct means of getting lo • Ibuility o_sl,
,i
have wished to explain to you the ',/o.ned to!. 010
monetary transactions of the kir.l au_iouvereigsiop,
intervention of a single bank- aote or ),.onverssl
A. I have been interests d by you! '
gt 1013•
thank you kindly for you/ inform ,i'
(!fl`
Ilfracombe, Feb. 17, `846. IV ,t,,
0 t 0
d o i,,
s issue pe"tif V
EXECUTIONS, &c.-From retunro__s it lifi for Act, 0,,,
day, by order of the House of Coin e veu;ecateor 001; 1,to;
1813, no fewer than 120 persons
in,din 26 fier. sitBi°
crimes in England and Wales-,`,, for mu'
... 15 4400,11,
1814, 70 were executed, including .
_4. wbomeoco; ;
col
57 were executed for various crime v"
nsu'ruber °f pordi4
England murder. In 1816,
inctheudin' 21 f°r 10 9°004 1'
and Wales was 95, feria
rder. 0° e$ 19' I.
al rso ii
in 1817, 115 were executed, 25 sof pe _ .
14.,
the number wader ! ,0,0 e;
years the following were „, 13 for 18219' p; jef
England and Wales :-1818, wi, murder 12 focic,)
15 for murder ; 1820, 107, 10 forr ,23, 54,,„„ fora iogi
murder • 1822, 95, 18 for murde ; ,1,25, 50,_!:'incl.'01;;),
1824,49', including 14 for murderer; n 8.27, 7;4 13 laioci.,;
1826, 57, including 10 form
uner. ;$29:41, 52,..09
for murder; 1828, 59, 18 for l'irr`,,,,!der; 175 for,,l;t °,,,e
der; 1830, 46, including 14 for ii ,i; e.
inclu..” .; to ,_,,-; n,
in 12 for murder ; 1832, 6,;_„r 0830 Idocanlel; ja i?
1833, 33, 6 for murder. '
fla,is vase ja this eat,10111;26, y.if
respect to which any return is a.
especting. 02,5, oer $;
ever, from a return appended r s
r that 1°.,1 crilD„ie artV
don and Middlesex, it aPPe3,iecuted f°ri,- for -04; i'
1827, the number of persons_e-a_d 18305
_.:, ii, 1 io
.00,
for murder 3; in 1828, 1829,f "
r rnarderv6:li.J°3°s;• 41 or3r
in 1831, 1832, and 1833, 12,
for so, xow-eari!jerii foi
and 1836, none were executedeu,_,,, ail for or 01 a o op
1838, and 1839, 3 wer xe te" i ,
d, aiso -11 000°,06
1841, and 1842, 4 wereexecute _ere 5 ~q 6
in 1843, 1844, and 1845, there :14, icsrp A.,
murder likewise, inatead a 53, tu tm
1827