The Sun.
London, England, 1833-09-28 00:00:00

of that war be to re-unite those provinces to
France.—l add no more, but that I am, my
Prince, your obedient servant, 0. P. Q.

FRENCH PAPERS.

From Galignani's Messenger.)
The Courrier Francais contains the following :--
"According to intelligence of the 20th instant from
Toulon, which has reached us by express, the autho-
rities there have been warned, by letters received
from Tuscany, against fresh attempts on the part of
the Legitimatists. Some time ago the well-known
steamer, Carlo Alberto, made its re-appearance at
Marseille, and brought communications from the
Legitimatists, which were quickly circulated in the
south. At the same time it was reported that the
Vendeans, enlisted under the banners of Don Mi-
guel, Bourmont, Clouet, Larochejacquelin, and
others, had caused it to be announced in the de-
partments of the Pyrennees, that their intention,
either in case of victory or defeat, was to fall back
on the French Frontier, in order to stir up an in-
surrection, whilst the Countess de Lucchesi Palli
should attempt to land at a favourable point of the
coast of Provence. A steam-vessel was at the same

time seen off the coast of Algiers. Its owner, who
said he was on an excursion of pleasure, touched at
Oran, and had an interview with an officer of rank,
known for his devotedness to the old dynasty. All
these facts, although publicly known, did not excite
much attention, because the projects which they
revealed appeared so absurd that no one would be-
lieve them. At present these acts of madness are
proved by several almost official facts. The Emu-
lation sloop-of-war was despatched on the 18th inst.
for the Gulf of Spezzia, with orders for the Perle
sloop to watch the armaments of the Legitimatists in
the ports of Tuscany. The following circular was
at the same time addressed by the Maritime Prefect
to all his Chefs d'Administration :
" Toulon, Sept. 17.
" Sir,-1 informed you this morning of the tenor of
two letters which I received last night by express from

the French Consul-General at Genoa, containing details of
the movements of the Duchess of Berry, and her steam-
vessel Carlo Alberto. Although the report of the fresh
attempts of the Countess Lucchesi Palli is entitled to no
serious attention for the present, yet it is prudent to be on
our guard against any future hostile attempts on her part.
I have consequently directed the several civil and military
authorities of the five maritime departments on the Medi-
terranean to watch strictly all the internal and external
communications of that coast. You, on your side, will
call upon the Commissaries of the classes of every quarter
of your arrondissement, to co-operate by every means at
their command, in these measures of prudence, concerting
with all the functionaries and agents whose duty it is to
concur in them. You will recommend to these officers to

render you an exact account of every important occur-
rence connected with the object of this letter, with which
they may become acquainted, and to those of the quarters
on the west of Toulon to send an immediate report to the
Minister."

In consequence of this circular the Commissary-
General has written to all the Commissaries of
Classes of the sth Arrondissement, prescribing the
most energetic measures to be taken for watching
the movements of the Duchess of Berry, and what-

ever may take place on the coast. All the
prud'hommes have been Is ritten to, desiring that
the masters of the fishing-boats should be instructed
to keep a constant look out. The following is the
circular of the Chef d'Administration

" I request the Commissary of Classes at " * *to
fulfil by every means directly within his own province, or
which he can obtain from his relations with the civil au-
thorities, the intentions of this present letter (that of the
Maritime Prefect). The better to excite the vigilance of
the fishermen, it may be well to promise a liberal re-
ward to all who by their keeping a good look-out may
contribute to disconcert any culpable attempt, or tend to
afford any valuable information in the public interest."
The Anti de la Charte gives a letter from Mans
which says—" If we may give credit to the reports
in circulation, a general insurrection is on the point
of breaking out in the departments of La Vendie,
the Maine et Loire, the Mayenne, and the Ssrlhe,
at the head of which are to appear the Duchess of
Berry and Henry V. Bourmont, with his adven-
turers, is to return from Portugal and take the chief
command of the legitimatist bands. Henry V.is to be
proclaimed King at Rennes, where, or in its neigh-
bourhood, this Roi des Buissons will establish his
seat of Government for the present, and thence
issue proclamations to all France. In the mean
time, as the Chouans are in want of arms, they
take them from all the sportsmen they meet, saying,
We have need of them for September 28."'
The Augsburg Gazette of the 21st instant quotes
INletalliques, .5 per Cents. at Vienna on the 19th,
91 31-32 ; ditto 4 per Cents. 82; Bank Actions,

1,190.
The Geneva Gazette gives the following, dated
Liestall, Sept. 20 :—" We have just received the
important intelligence that the Diet has this day de-
cided that Basle Country shall not only be freed
from contributing towards the expenses of the inter-
vention, but moreover shall be indemnified by Basle
Town for the loss and damage occasioned by the
aristocratic soldiers on the famous expedition of
Liestall. We are not yet acquainted with the de-
tails of this resolution, but we know positively that
the Diet, rather than display too great severity, has
determined that a large portion of the expense shall
be borne by the Confederation."

FRENCH FUNDS.—PARIS, SEPT. 26.
Five per Cents., 102 f. 25c. 20c.
Three per Cents., 75f. 40c. 35e.
National Loan, 102 f. 10c.
Bank Actions, 1,7151.1
Rente de Naples, 90f. 95c.
Roman Five per Cents., 89%.
Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 16%.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 40%.
Royal Spanish Loan, 82%.
Rente Perpet. d'Espagne, Five per Cents., CB%.
Belgian Loan, 1831, 96.
Aliguelite Loan, 50%.
EXCIIANGF. ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25E 50c. ' • money, 25f. 45c.
Three months, paper, 25f. 35c. ; money, 25f. 35c.
—Ours %Jut& nape.

There is still extant in the family of Strick-
land, of Sizergh, in Westmollaud, according to Mr. Burke,
in his valuable " History of the Commoners," a Bnll
granted in the 10th of Henry VI., by Pope Eugenius IV.,
to Sir Thomas de Strickland and Mabel his wife, being a
license for a domestic chapel and portable altar. The seal
of lead is in very fair preservation, about the breadth and
somewhat more than double the thickness of half-a-crown,
with a cross on one side, and underneath " Eugenius P.
P. 1111. ;" on the reverse two faces of venerable old men,
and, above, the letters "SPASP E."
Ihe Renovaleur, after referring to the pre-
sentation of his letters of credence by M. de Ludre to
Don Pedro, as Charge d'Affaires of France, and mention-
ing a rumour that a Minister Plenipotentiary was ex-
pected at Lisbon says—" We ate able to state the follow-
ing on the subject :—' Baron Mortier was chosen to
fill the function of Minister to the new Constitutional
Government of Portugal as soon as Don Pedro
took possession of Lisbon. The Baron being then in the
country was sent for to Paris,, but before his arrival de-
spatches had been received from the north, which changed
the intended arrangements with regard to Portugal.
Baron Mortier was informed that he would be charged
with the proposed mission at a later period, but that at
present it was not necessary to depart, and consequently,
after a few days, he returned to the country.'
DEATH BY STARVATION.-011 Monday
an inquest was held in the Court-house of Maryborough,
to inquire the cause of the death of Daniel Molloy, up-
wards of '7O, who expired the previous Friday night in a
ditch in Rusleighan, near Maryborough. It appeared that
the deceased was turned out by his relatives, with whom
he resided near 20 years, and was refused admission into
any other house; he lay for 29 days and nights previous
to his death in the open fields, where he was left to perish
by his unnatural relatives, in a populous vicinity. The
dea
th at R o,,jury, after a tedious investigation, returned the following
verdict We findei
gb thatan, i then t
hsaid Q
uDanieleen,s camelnotyyon:h
tby
his e
l
,13th of September, 1833, from emaciation, and previous
out and exposure of his
air ; where he was suffearbeadn,tiop person
remain
n afbr ditch
w e
weeks
inks theprevious open
to his death, destitute,
and friends, viz abandoned, and forlorn, by his re-
latives Tie Whelan, Elizabeth
Whelan, Margaret Whelan, Daniele
utitc'e.e;ssaanid wein the
Thomas Forau,
James Foran, sen., and James Foral3nral
of opinion that the persons aforesaid ar'ej ar
death of the said Daniel Molloy, ;" upon which. rt
they
committed by the Coroner to the county gaol._l;,7l:lZ
Times.

THE NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE,
FOR OCTOBER, 1833,
Will contain, among other interesting Papers :—The first
of a Series, by the Author of Highways and Bye-ways,
entitled "My Travelling Acquaintance ;" also the first of
a Series of Sketches by Miss Mitford, entitled, " Inhabi-
t ants o f a Country Town."—The late Mr. Tardy, a
Sketch, by the Author of Paul Pry—The Ruined Laird, a
Tale, by the Hon. Mrs. Norton—Seasonable Ditties, No. 2,
by Thomas Haynes Bayley—Paganini's Fiddle—The Con-
clusion of Mr. Grattan's Reminiscences of the late Edmund
Kean, &c. &c.
Orders for the Magazine should be sent to the Booksellers
by the 28th to insure its delivery on the Ist of October.
Published for H. Colburn by R. Bentley, New Bur-
lington-street.

ARMY AND NAVY.
THE UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL,
AND NAVAL AND MILITARY MAGAZINE,
FOR OCTOBER, will contain the following Interesting
Papers:—
The Crisis at Waterloo—Sir Hussey Vivian, in Reply
to Major Gawler—The Shipwreck—French Privateering
in the West Indies (concluded)—Sketches of the War of
the French in Spain in the year 1823—The Loves of the
S dlors, No. I.—Miseries of a New Member of the Yacht
Club—Nautical Astronomy—On Mechanical Power, and
the Neglect of the Scientific Mechanicians—A Visit to the
Field of Agincourt—Memoirs of the Services of General
Sir James Affleck, Bart. ; Major- General Nathaniel Black-
ss well, C.B. ; Major-General Browness—Correspondence
from the principal Ports and Stations—General Corres-
pondence—Repart of the Select Committee of the House
of Commons on Army and Navy Appointments—Commu-
nication of the Duke of Wellington to Lord Hill—Stations
of the Army, &c. &c.
Published for H. Colburn, by R. Bentley, New Bur-
lington-street.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
The announcement of the death of Lady, the wife of Colonel
_Sir R. Armstrong, was inserted in The Sun on Thursday.

qr
b tt tt
-

LONDON,
SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 28, 1833;

Every body has read the fable of the boy
who called " Wolf ! wolf !" so often, that at last,
when the wolf really came, his cry obtained no
belief. This has been the case with our official
cotemporary on the Belgian question. He has
cried " Settlement, settlement," so frequently, that
if to-morrow he were to renew the cry he would
not be believed, even though it should be the
truth. We do not think, however, that there is
much probability of his becoming a veracious
oracle on this point for at least a year or two.
The King of HOLLAND is either as skilful as
he is obstinate, or he has very weak opponents
to contend against, for at this moment the
Belgian question is as distant from settlement
as it was twelve months ago ; and if appear-
ances are to be credited, the Dutchman has
stolen a march upon the Downing-street sages,
and has hit upon a scheme for the procrastina-
tion of the affair which is worthy the brain of a
METTERNICH, and would have been creditable
to a TALLEYRAND in the brighter days of the
TALLEYRAND school. The official papers in
France and England have from time to time
declared that the Allied Sovereigns had no in-
tention of making the Belgian question a point
of discussion in their Congress ; and, therefore,
that the Dutch Sovereign, abandoned to his
own resources, would be compelled to yield.
Lord PALMERSTON had repeated this so fre-
quently that he had almost begun to believe it
himself; and even M. de TALLEYRAND re-
garded the question as virtually settled, the
Allied Powers having declined taking any part
in it except through their Plenipotentiaries, who

had been instructed to hold a language very
favourable to Belgian interests. But the Allied
Sovereigns are men of exquisite feelings—full of
humane ideas, and most anxiously alive to #to
calls of the oppressed. They divided Poland
because they thought the Poles would be much
' more happy under their paternal rule than under
a Sovereign of their own. They pacified Greece
because the struggle for liberty was attended
with circumstances afflicting to their humane and
generous hearts. They paid for the expedition
of the Duchess de BERM to La Vendee because
their delicate nerves were shocked at the rude and
vulgar rule of a Citizen King ; and now they will
turn their attention to the pacification of Bel-
gium, according to their own enlightened and
benevolent views. The King of HOLLAND,
good man, has assured the Allied Powers that
he has no desire to regain the possession of Bel-
gium for himself or his family; but that, having
received so many complaints of the present Go-
vernment of Belgium from the wealthiest and
most respectable portion of his late subjects, he
is bound, by a consideration for their welfare, to
solicit delay, in order to afford an opportunity for
inquiring whether the Belgians can be happy or
prosperous under the present dynasty. In con-
nection with this representation from the King
of HOLLAND, a very clever piece of intrigue
has been got up. Several of, the Belgian
Orangeists, after long and close communication
with the Dutch Ministry, have been sent on a
mission to the Allied Sovereigns, and to their re-
presentatives here and in Paris, with instructions
to describe themselves as deputies from large
numbers of the Belgians, anxious for a restora-
tion of the benignant sway of the King of HOL-
LAND. The representatives of the Absolute
Powers at this Court, have given a very cool
reception to the deputies who have presented
•. themselves ; for, whatever might have been the
wishes of those diplomatists, they had no other
course to take ; but the benevolent and enlight-
ened trio, who are met in Congress to determine
on the future government of Europe, may, with

,heir accustomed kindness, be more considerate

towards the Belgic Orangeists, and the delay
which the King of HOLLAND desires may be
granted. The protocols which the sages of
Hanover-square and Downing-street have pre-
pared for the information and amusement of an
admiring posterity, will therefore form only the
first part of the National Diplomatic Library;
and if it should please Providence to spare for a
year longer the life of the virtuous and vene-
rable TALLEYRAND, we may have to thank him
and his protege Lord PALMERSTON for an-
other waggon-load of those bright effusions of
diplomatic skill which have excited the envy of
a NESSELRODE, and astonished the sagacity of a
METTERNICH.

The Miguelite partisans in the City have spread
very gloomy accounts for the Constitutionalists,
of the news brought by the Orestes from Oporto.
According to them,General STUBBS was in hourly
danger of an attack, and Oporto and Lisbon
were to fall at the same time. Our own let-
ters, which are of the 17th, are, however, of a
very different character. Nothing had been
heard of the troops of MIGUEL, which were said
to have reached Santo Fryso, Valongo, &c.,
with the intention of attacking Oporto, and not
less than 3,000 volunteers had entered the city,
and offered their services to General STUBBS,
its brave and able Governor. The garrison
were in the highest spirits, and Sir THOMAS
STU BBS had well provided against attack, being
well seconded by Colonel PAULETTI, who has
the command of the engineering department.

It has been determined to make use of the
Aliguelite lines at Villa Nova, turning the guns
from the city, and to take the whole of the
suburb within them, continuing the lines from
the east of the Serra round the hills to the sea.

Many stands of arms had been found, and
upwards of one thousand had been forwarded to
Lisbon, together with much ammunition of all
kinds, of which large quantities were daily found
on both sides of the river.
The letters hold out no idea of an attack, still
less any fears for the result, should the rebel
troops dare to advance. It was understood that
some two thousand troops of the line, including
cavalry, had been marched across the Douro, on
their way to join the army under BOURAIONT,
in front of Lisbon.

A highly flattering letter of thanks had been
voted to Lord GEORGE PAULET, of his
Majesty's ship Nautilus, signed by every British
subject at Oporto, for his attention and solicitude
for their interests and safety ever since his arrival
in the Douro.

The French papers of Thursday, and the
Gazette de France, and the Messager des
Chambres, dated yesterday, mention that it was
generally reported in Paris that the Conference
at Munchengratz was at an end, and that the
Emperor of ItusslA had passed through Breslau
on his return home. The Chouans still con-
tinued to be the cause of great public uneasiness,
as they were beginning to bestir themselves just
as actively as ever in La Vendee. Apprehen-
sions were entertained that the Duchess de
BERRI meditated another landing in France,
and the greatest vigilance was in consequence
exercised by the different local authorities along
the entire range of the coast of Provence.
The Carlo Alberto steamer, in which the
Duchess was last year conveyed to France,
had arrived at Marseilles, and the Ministers of
Marine and the Interior had issued orders for
her being rigorously searched and seized, should
circumstances arise to warrant such proceeding.
The Messager des Chainbres says that she
new title which the Emperor of AUSTRIA is
about to assume, is that of " Protector of Italy."
We wonder that such a stickler for legitimacy
(even down to the minutest matters of etiquette)
as his Austrian Majesty, condescends to assume
a title once borne by that arch usurper OLI VER
CROMWELL ! One would suppose that the
very phrase would stink in the nostrils of all true
Legitimates," as being associated in their
minds with "heresy, rebellion, and schism."

The news from Spain, as respects the KING,
is, that his: health is much improved, and that
he takes airings every day in his carriage with
the QUEEN. The cholera is still very prevalent,
and has now extended to Ayamonte, Seville,
Oliveira, and Badajos. The Spanish priests
were everywhere making the greatest exertions
to dispose the minds of the people favourably to
Don CARLoS. These mischievous, meddlesome
fanatics preached openly, in all the small towns
and villages, that " Don MIGUEL must be
supported, because, if he were overturned, Don
CARLOS would quit Portugal and be compelled
to proceed to Italy." The And de la Charte
quotes an absurd extract from a letter from
Mans, to the effect that it was reported, that a
general insurrection was about to break out in
the departments of La Vendee, the Maine et
Loire, the Mayenne, and the Sarthe, at the head
of which were to appear the Duchess of BERRY,
and that Young Hopeful, HENRY the Fifth.
As for BOURMONT, he was to hurry away with
a select band of brigands from Portugal and as-
sume the command of the Carlist awkward squad!

A society was established in 1830, called the
Labourers' Friend Society, under the patronage
of many high names. Its object is :o ameliorate
the condition of the labourer, and it proposes to
effect its object chiefly by disseminating infor-
mation on the advantages of the allotment and
cottage garden system, which consists in letting
to the labourer, at a fair rent, such a quantity of
land as he (with the help of his family) can
cultivate by spade husbandry, without neglecting
his ordinary employment.
The report of the poor law commissioners
having shown the ultimate futility of the allot-
ment system, a member of the society has
thought it necessary to put forward a defence of
it, and of the merits of the poor laws. The
premises advanced in the sheet before us, and
circulated by the society, are these :

" As every agricultural labourer requires a certain
quantity of food in the course of the year, which must be
produced from an adequate portion of land, the object of
the Cottage Allotment System is, to enable him at a fair
rent to occupy sufficient land near his dwelling to raise
this supply, which he can do at a much less cost than if
he were to purchase it from others, for the following
reasons, viz., that the labour be employs costs him nothing,
the expense of buying and selling are saved to him, and,
as is proved, he will raise a greater quantity of food front
a given portion of laud with little or no waste than is
done by the farmer on a larger scale. It is nothing more
than the application of the principle of steam conveyance,
machinery, and railroads (viz., to bring the producer and
consumer closer together), but in a greater degree, as it
unites both in the same person, the agricultural labourer
actually producing at home the food that he consumes.
In consequence of the agricultural labourers having to buy
their food instead of raising it themselves, it costs this
country five or six millions a year more in feeding them
than there is any occasion for, as they could raise their
food at nearly half the price they now pay for it."
The mistake in principle here committed is
in supposing that men progress by doing every
thing for themselves. The producer and con-
sumer of any article being one and the same
person, is as infallible a sign of a backward
state of society as a great subdivision of labour
is of a forward state of society. Perhaps, if
every man in the country were engaged in pro-
ducing food, our own soil might be made to
produce more than it now does ; but then we
could produce nothing else but food. Every
man, to be in the perfect state the writer of the
above would bring us to, must be his own
smith, his own carpenter, and his own tailor,
because " the producer and consumer would be
brought closer together." To make us retro-
grade to that extent is impossible, but every
partial success of attempts to make us do so, is,
pro tanto, a mischief. No experience the
Society has yet had can overthrow the arguments
deduced from the experience of others against
their system. We select the following frotn a
list of instances of the success of their plan,
given by the Society :

NAMES OF PLACES.
COLERNE, WILTS.
GRANTS. RESULTS.
In 1818, twenty.nine acres of Tenants and theirfamilies ren-
land left in bust for the poor, dered all honest and respect-
and being under the care of able; have been kept free from
the clergyman, were divided parish relief, and become the
amongst thirty families, in farmers' best labourers. Land
portions according to their greatly improved by thespade-
size, some of one and others husbandry.
of half an acre.
WORTHING, ST. LAWRENCE WOOTTON, and MONK

SHERBORNE, near BASINGSTOKE.
GRANTS. RESULTS.
In the years 1830, and 1832, in The Cottagers are grateful,
these parishes, 120 acres were punctual tenants, and all agree
let to 180 cottage tenants, in in saying this system is the
pieces varying from 40 rods to best friend they ever had ;
acres, at the same rent as a they are all better off than
farmer pays, with the addition they used to be; they are rising
of rates and tithes. in the world; they see it pos-
sible, by their own exertions,
to raise themselves far above
pauperism, and they are ex-
erting themselves accordingly.

This may be all very true, and we doubt not
that it is ; but we must recollect that each of
these 200 labourers so provided for have fami-
lies. When their children grow up, they will,
unless the check of education previously step in,
marry as soon as they feel inclined to do so ;
and why not ? The parish is bound to main-
tain them or give them allotments of land at
such rents as they can pay. One generation,
then, at least, doubles the claimants for allot-
ments, and each claimant has just as good a
title to the indulgence as his father had before
him. It is clear that if the thing went on ano-
ther step we should be precisely in the situation
Ireland now is, precisely in the situation that a
great part of France now is, as much of Swit-
zerland and Savoy now is. The organ of the
Society says—
" The stumbling-block to the prosperity of Ireland has
been created by this course of proceeding, viz., the land
has been let and underlet at enormous rents, then culti-
vated in one crop, and that of potatoes, which is not
only most ruinous to the land, but also to the occupier,by
only giving employment during one period of the year ; it
is then left to the management of agents, while the own •
ers of the soil, and natural protectors of the labourer, are
spending the revenues of these lands in foreign countries."
Here is an enormous mistake. The land being
let or underlet at large rents, has nothing to do
with the question. If any thing, a heavy rent
is a check upon the badness of the system ; but it
is clear, that the only effect of lowering the rent,
that is, of reducing the landlords' share of the
produce, would be to allow of one subdivision
more, and a slight addition to be made to the
mass of human misery which now cumbers the
soil. The fact of potatoes only being grown,
does not touch the principle of the question,
which would remain just the same if none but
the least exhausting crops are grown. The
fact is, that all attempts to guard men against
their own improvidence must fail. Legis-

lation may, and ought, as far as possible,
to guard them against evils of extraordinary
occurrence, but evils of every day occurrence,
the remedy for which is in their own power
legislation cannot guard them against. If men's
fingers are cold they must remain so, unless they
can buy gloves. If there be food sufficient in
an island for only say a score of people, ne
device will make two score have a bellyful. Y"
may feed the second score, but it must be at the
expense of the first. The writer of the parr
before us talks of landlords having it in their
power to throw labourers out of employment and
therefore starve them if there were no poor; and
he adds :

" On these considerations hinges the merits of the
poor laws, the object of which is to compel the rich t°
employ the poor, or in default of such employment I°
contribute to their support, which of course must be the)
in idleness ; the latter has unfortunately been very gar
rally the case, and is the chief cause of the dernoralisati°
of our peasantry ; therefore how absurd it is to lay 141,
blame on the poor laws, when these laws distinctly lin
to the landlord, employ your poor, or we will tax Y°l/
for their support, and this tax has been submitted t°,
rather than do that which it is the object of these laws tcif
effect; the fact is, the tax has not been severe enough; I
it had been more so, employment would have been soon°
found, and we should have heard little or nothing of pool

rates."

It is rather a new doctrine to promulgate that
the tax of poor rates is not heavy enough. We
should like to hear what those landlords would
say to it, whose entire rents have been swill"
lowed up by the poor rates. There are men i°
different parts of the country whose fathers
bought estates with the produce of their indus'
try, but who are now reduced to beggary, 11c4
by any fault of their own, but because they
have been obliged to allot out the rents
to every man less provident than themselves.
The allotting out of the land is rather less(
absurd than the allotting out of a portion °'
its profits, because it obliges the party t°
whom it is allotted to till it. If that party is
farther pleased to pay rent for a time, the absur.
dity experiences another slight diminution ; but
in either of the two last cases the crisis is only
postponed, and that crisis is when the claimants
upon land or the rental of land, become so nu'
merous as to leave the landlord nothing. Itt
England, where the law allows the labourer tcif
be as improvident as he pleases at the expense 0
the landlord, the problem has been solved by the
latter, in all cases, having been impoverished---i°
many, reduced to ruin. lii Ireland, the ignorance
and consequent improvidence of the people, no
having the landlord's rent legally to fall bacl
upon, is solving the problem in another fashion'
Mr. O'CONNELL tells us that thousands
nually die of starvation ; whilst other accounts
tell us that more thousands are beginning t°
refuse to pay rents, as they have for some tinle,
refused to pay tithes, which are, after all, but rent
under a different name.
efficient remedy raevme
eurged
for againthe
evilsa n d
which actually
at
taut
ati
eosni
11,1:
in Ireland, and which threaten this country,
the introduction, by means of education, of the
.
same habits of providence and forethought
among the lower classes which exist among
middle and upper classes. The cottage
ment system may be a good inintroductiont°
education and the gradual abolition of the p° if
ic
laws in this country ; but it will never of itSe
permanently ameliorate the condition of the
labouring population.