The Sun.
London, England, 1848-02-03 00:00:00

THE BRAZIL MAIL.

,EIO DE JANEIRO, DEC. 10.—REVIEW 05' THE
aIARKIITS FROM THE IST TO 9TH DEC.—IMPORTS.—
The arrivals with merchandise ccnsist of 5 vessels
with coals, 4 cod fish, 1 cordage and naval stores, 1
deal and iron, 2 dry goods, 1 dry goods and naval
stores, 1 dry goods, iron, &c., 2 flour, 1 flour and
lumber, 5 hides, 1 ice, 5 salt, 4 salt and wine, 1 wine,
fruit, and sundries, 1 wine, salt, and oil, and 3 with
wine and sundries.
MOVEMENTS OF THE MARKET.—AIe and Porter—
Arrived 155 casks Scotch Butter, 310 firkins Irish,
235 French. Sales, 590 firkins Irish, generally at
570 reis per lb.
Coals—Of the receipts 1,332 tons large, 1691
tons small—the latter and 615 tons large upon order.
Sales, 150 tons large, at 12-500 and 13-000.
Deals—Arrived 195 dozen Swedish, 511 Russian
--the latter sold at 30, and 495 dozen at 28.
Flour—Arrived 3,199 barrels Gallego, 1,6691 Bal-
timore, 4,500 Philadelphia, and coastwise 360 barrels
Sold, on the Ist instant, about 4,500 barrels Gallego,
at 18,500, since when some small lots have been
retailed. Our quotations show a further decline, but
prices are entirely nominal.
Stock in first hands
Shipped coastwise
Stock in hand, estimated at 13,500
Linseed Oil—Sold 5,0001b5., at 240 reis per lb.
Olive Oil—Arrived 23 barrels of Portugal, of
which 20 barrels sold prior to arrival ; 10 barrels of
Mediterranean.
Soap—Arrived 200 boxes Spanish.
Tea—Arrived 67 packages.
Vinegar—Arrived 60 pipes.
Wines—Arrived 524 pipes Lisbon, 356 Port, and
550 barrels Malaga. But little has, as yet, been
landed, and the sales are limited to 150 pipes red
Lisbon, at 125 to 144 ; 20 pipes white, at 120 to
130 ; 30 pipes Port, at 156 to 172 ; 31 pipes Fi-
guera, at about 120.,
EXPORTS.—Busines3 was limited until yesterday,
when the sales were extensive. Prices continue
steady, except of superior, which are in 'd•mand;
the value has advanced 50 reis.
The principal purchases were for Hamburgh,
den, Trieste, and the United States. Exporreatl,
10,745 bags to Antwerp, 4,627 to Baltimore, 4,054
to Bremen, :7,230 to Hamburgh, 6,250 to Mobile,
16,004 to New York, 4,000 to '1 rieste—in all 52,910.
Shipped since the Ist instant, 61,705.
Sugar.—Arrived, 190 cases, and in other packages
about 175 cases. Except the almost daily sales for
consumption, nothing has been done. Exported, 164
barrels to the River Plate.
lllDEs—Completely negected, and the stock in-
creased by the arrival of 14,982; Rio Grande,
2462 including 4,675 sailed from the River Plate.
Exported 1,838 to Antwerp, and 300 to New York.
PERIGHTS.—The continued arrivals caused the
srespective rates to decline, but several vessels have
been engaged, and the market was firmer at the close
of business yesterday. The last rates paid are 60s. to
the Channel, 50s. to London, 555. to Antwerp, 50s. to
Hamburgh, and 425. 6d. to Trieste.
MONEY MARKET.—Discount without alteration.
Exchange opened at 28 upon London, and 28 and
271 have since been the quotation, something having
been done at 271, but 28 being the current and ge-
neral rate. 120,0001. is the amount of business done.
340 and 344 have been the extreme rates upon Paris,
342 the general quotation. A fair amount of business
bas been done upon Hamburgh, at 630 to 635, prin
cipally at 630. Stock—Various transactions have
occurred at an advance, sales having been effected for
the first transfer at 86, 87, and 88 ex dividend.
Bullion—The business has been extensive in all de-
scriptions, and the market is firmer. Shares—Sales
of Bank at 685, Omnibus at 100. A dividend of 15
p..!i• share upon steam-packets has been declared:—
io Mercantile .Journal, Dec. 11.

FLANDERS MAIL.
BRUSSELS, I.—The Chambers yesterday con-
tinued the discussion of Chapter 111. on Railways,
:bleb occupied nearly the whole of the sitting. The
first article was voted, bat nothing new was advanced
en
the debates on this subject. The Chamber will
enter upon the discussion of the articles Ito-morrow.
The choice of a new Minister of Finance, it is said,
upon the more difficult. The Vanderlander looks
-v
questionable
on the Possibility of replacing M. Veydt as rather
but in vain, , and adds, " Many have been applied to,
and those who desire nothing better than
tc have a portfolio had been refused."
It is with much regret that we have to announce
the death of M. Ellerique, banker at Valenciennes,
by his own hand. A letter found in his office says
that the embarrassed state of his finances led him to
take this melancholy resolution.
WerrkßEN.
The typhus fever, which at present
flakes great ravages in Western Flanders, has for
some time prevailed at Wetteren, though with less
offiany old
N\n, po eo ple.
The cold weather has, however, carried
e regret t announce the death of General Mait-
land,
who had attained the age of eighty-six, sixty-
years of in the military ser-
vice. he spent
TRIEsTE' 23.—The march of troops has now
continued for some weeks. Yesterday and to-day
fresh military have arrived from Crotia, who are to
proceed' at once by steamers to Venice. The con-
gress of these bodies of men have kept up the prices
of oats and rye, while all other grain, notwith-
standing the consequent rise in Genoa and Leghorn,
continues to decline, and still find but few purchasers.
VIENNA, JAL 26.—M. Trenzel has been charged
ith a mission from Government to Russia, and set
off for St. Petersburgh :early this morning. Our
Monied aristocracy busy themselves with various
Conjectures on the existing financial state of our
kingdom, and the depressed condition of the money
Market.

GALICIA.—Count Stadion, the Galician Governor,
during his last circuit of the 'Western Circles of the
Province, was everywhere well received, and at the
boundary of each domain horses belonging to loyal
subjects awaited his arrival, in order that his pro-
gressive journey might not be dependent on the
ordinary relays. The conciliatory and unremitting

efforts of this energetic Governor gain all hearts, and
he will succeed, not only in re-establishing the peace
of the province, but also in maintaining it fora per-
manency. The judicious measures adopted by the
Governor are much blamed by the bureau of autocrats;
nt,vertheless they consolidate the confidence of the
Galicians, and will eventually crown his difficult
mission with great honour. The brother of the Count
has again left Vienna, to proceed from Bremen to
his own post in Prague. Count Monteculoli, it is
said, has declined the appointment of Governor of
Lombardy. The Archduke Palatine will, probably,
remain here sometime.—Prussian Slate Gazette, Jan.
30th.

DECREASE OF MARRIAGES IN VlENNA.—During
the year 1847 the number of births in Vienna
amounted to 19,019 ; that of deaths to 18,947. Only
2,730 couples were married, being 915 less than in
1845. If the number of marriages continues to de-
crease in the same ratio, in the course of four years
the sacred institution will be antiquated in the
capital of the Austrian empire.--/lantburgh Corre •
spondent.
RUSSIAN POLAND.—ST. PETERSBURGH, JAN. 21.
A general meeting of the shareholders of the Tale-
mand Assurance Company took place on the 16th,
when a statement was made of the unfaithfulness of
Mr. Plitt, the Frankfort consul, and a commission
appointed to investigate the state of affairs. The
commission have had several meetings, but as yet
nothing has transpired, nor yet respecting the exa-
mination of Mr. Plitt. The latter is said to be quite
at his ease, and has engaged counsel for defence. It
is much feared that the co-directors of the company
will have to be responsible for Mr. Plitt's defalca-
tions, and that the shareholders will have to suffer
much loss.

FROM THE CAUCASES.—TIFLIS, DEC. 31.--In the
hope that the approaching winter would prevent our
troops from assembling in Middle Daghestan,
Schamiel collected a considerable force in No-
vember at Zudacbar and the neighbourhood.
The inhabitants of Zudacbar, however, protected
them, and attacked and put the enemy to flight. On
the receipt of this intelligence General Prince Argus-
nike Dolgoraki ordered two columns to be dispatched,
one consisting of three, and the other of six battalions
of infantry, twelve pieces of artillery, and a division
of dragoons and militia, to be assembled at Zyudachir
on the 4th of DecembEr. Regardless of the difficulties
of a winter campaign in these mountains, our troops
advanced with speed to the villages of Hutschugatu of
Mukorklu, which the enemy had fortified, forced them
from their position, and, after the re-establishment of
quiet in this neighbourhood, returned on the 11th to
their quarters at Temir Chan Schura and Kumah.
About the same time Lieutenant-General Freitag
undertook to march to the northern declivity
of the mountain chain, with the view of clearing
a passage in the dense woods of Tschetschno, a plan
which has been adopted with success during several
years. On the 30th of November he left the fort of
Wosdnischenski, and took up his position at the
river Girta with this detachment, consisting of nine
battalions of infantry, 450 cossacks, and sixteen
pieces of artillery. From the Il th to the 22d of
December detachments of troops were sent daily to
fell the trees to seek for booty, and to make hostile
skirmishes into the ;neighbourhood, and among the
farms and hamlets.— Hamburgh Borsen - Halle,
Jan. 29.

BORSENHALLE, .J.sie. 29.
Bills. Money.
ilustrian 5 per Cents ........ 102%
Bank Shares • . • 1581
Anglo-Russian Loan -........• ...... 104%
Russian 5 per Cent., Hamb. Certificate. 101%
Ditto Ist series Inscription. 102
Ditto, /lope andCo.,3d and 4th series.. 95
Ditto, in Certificate— • .. -
New 4 per Cent., Hope and Co. ...... 86
Ditto Stieglitz ............ ......... 85
Spanish New 5 per Cent.............. —•
Ditto 3 per Cent ..................
Anglo-Portuguese Loan, 2% per Cent..
Dutch Actual Debt, 2% per Cent.. • • •
Ditto 3 per Cent.
Polish New 4 per Cent. Loan, 1844.. • 80
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent .... • • 82
National Bank Shares
DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTERDAM, FEB. I.
Money. Hills
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent........... 54 64%
Ditto, 3 per Cent • • 651-4 65%
Ditto, 4 per Cent. • • 34 84%
Amort Syndic, 3% per Cent......
Commercial Company, 4y, per Cent •• 162iy 162%
East India Loan, 4 per Cent..........
Exchange on London, at sight • • •• 12 2
Two months... ........ 1 1 96
On Hauiburgh, at sight 34 87
Two months... •• 11 98
On Paris ................56 75
56 26
AUSTRIAN ZAN. 25.
I per Cent. •• 101%
4 per Cent. ditto. ...... ................. 85
3 per Cent.ditto• • .• .• •• •• •• •• ..........
63
Loan, 1834 .. •• •• • • •• ............., 155
Ditto, 1839 .... •• ••• • • • ............ 108%
Bank Shares ............. ...... .......1545
Estorhazy's Loan .... • ........ • • 57%
RAILWAYS.
The Northern, or Ferdinand .......... .
Gloggnitz ••• • •• •• •• •• •• • ............ 100
Vienna—Milan ..................... 85%
Leghorn •••••• •• • . • • ................ GS
Sienna ........ ...... .................. SO
BELGIAN FUNDS.-13ErsiEta, Fzu. 1.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent ..........
Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent ........
Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent•—•
Ditto Threeper Cent • • •• •••• • • ••
Ditto Thirty-seven Millions, ditto • •
Ditto,ditto,lB4o • • ... 98
Ditto,ditto,1842
Ditto,
Ditto, 1838 • • 67
Ditto of the City, 1832 •
Ditto, 1843 ............ •••••••• • • •• •• 95%
Bank of Belgium...—. 78%
—Brussels Papers. Feb. 1.

We understand that the sentence of death passed
on Michael M'Cabe, as being an accomplice in the
murder of Mr. and Mrs. Wraith and their servant, at
Mirfield, has been commuted into one of transportation
for life.

SOUTHAMPTON, FEB. 2.—The Royal Mail Steam-
Packet Company's ship Great Western, C. M. Chapman
commander, sailed to-day, taking the mails for the
Brill and foreign West Indies and Mexico. Her route
is tea Bermuda, Nassau, Havannah, New Orleans, Tam-
pico, and Vera Cruz, returning by the same ports. The
Great Western has 45 passengers, amongst whom is M.
Chaney, the new French Consul-General for Honduras,
and a full general cargo, including 1,000 bottles of
quicksilver, value 17,900/. sterling, and specie value
43,0001. sterling. The Peninsular and Oriental Steam
Navigation Company's ship Sultan, Captain Brooks, will,
leave to-morrow for Gibraltar, Malta, Constantinople.
the Black Sea, &c.

MILITARY INSUBORDINATION IN INDIA.—The ge•
neral orders of the Commander-in-Chief in India record
three more courts-martial on European soldiers for the
offence, till recently so prevalent, of striking a superior
officer in the execution of his duty. The crimes for
which the men were tried, however, were all committed
a few days prior to the Meerut executions. As regards
punishment, extreme mildness would seem to have suc-
ceeded extreme severity. A few weeks ago a man was
shot for throwing his cap at a commissioned officer ; we
now see a prisoner sentenced to but two years' impri-
sonment fer throwing his musket and drawing and
throwing his bayonet against a sergeant-major ; while
another, a corporal of her Majesty's 98th, convicted of
drunkenness, of beating and kicking and drawing his
bayonet against a couple of sergeants, and of violently
resisting the men of the guard when attempting to take
him into custody, is simply punished with reduction to
the rank and pay of a private—the Commander-in-Chief
remitting corporal punishment, which the Court had
awarded him, on the ground of previous very good
character." In the first case, the Court originally ad-
judged the culprit to fourteen years' transportation; but
a revision of the sentence was directed, when two years'
imprisonment was awarded. We cannot perceive, in
the brief official notice of the proceedings, the slightest
ground for this exercise of lenity. The case seems to
have been a very bad one—infinitely worse than at least
one of those punished with the extreme penalty of the
law. From the nature of the recent sentences, however,
we suspect that transportation is intended to be resorted
to as seldom as possible, and that imprisonment with
solitary confinement, and the much dreaded lash, are
now considered the most appropriate and effectual pun-
ishments for insubordinate conduct.—Bombay Telegraph.
Emily BURR ITT.—This talented individual read his
lecture on the Philosophy of Labour before a crowded
audience, at the Hull Mechanics' Institution, on Monday
evening last.
AN EVENING WITH CULORIWORM AND " MY BE-
LOVED CHARLES."—A practice has assumed the form of
a mania in Edinburgh, certainly not less exciting than
the railway mania. It consists in converting fashionable
evening parties into a species of pharmaceutical associa-
tion for experimenting on the effects of chlorofenn and
other substances of similar properties. One of these
exhibitions is:worthy of notice. A nurnbcfr of ladies and
gentlemen were invited to an evening party in the house
of a respectable medical practitiener. At ten, instead of
music and dancing, the learned doctor entered with a
flask and sponge, and every guest was treated to a trip
to the realms of insensibility. Some of the ladies were
foolish enough, while there, to utter such speeches as
" Oh ! my beloved Charles, come to my arms 1" at the
same time unwittingly extending them to receive the
dear creature. Some of the gentlemen, not having taken
the precaution to swallow a seidlitA or a carminative pre-
vious to their first appearance, t-,ommitted slight broachela
of etiquette not very amiabie.—Correspondent of the
Medical Times.
EQUALIZATION OF LAN/ TAX..— A meeting of
the committee of deputies from the various parishes
aggrieved by the unequal pressure of the land-tax, took
place last evening at Eastey's Hotel, Southampton-
street, Strand, Mr. Ewen in the chair. The Secretary,
Mr. Daniel, having read the minutes of the last meeting
reported that a considerable balance was remaining of
the funds formerly collected. The Chairman reported
subscriptions from three wards in the City of London.
Mr. S. Millar, Lincoln's Inn, moved, and Mr. Young,
Common Councilman, seconded, and it was unanimously
agreed to, that the present moment is favourable for a
movement in favour of the object of the committee, and
that a public meeting be convened to petition for an
equalization of the land-tax throughout Englund and
Wales. Mr. Walker moved, and Mr. Emmerson se
conded, a resolution to the, effect, that a deputation be
appointed to wait on and invite Members of Parliament
favourable to this object to attend the meeting, and that
the committee do adjourn till Monday neat to receive
I the report of the depatetion.

MAGAZINES-(CONTINUED).
BLACK II 00D.

Schnitzler's " Secret History of the Court and
Government of Russia, under the Emperors Alex-
ander and Nicholas," is elaborately reviewed in the
opening article of Blackwood fbr this month. The
reviewer does not, however, confine himself to the
consideraticn of the reigns of Alexander and Nicholas,
but gives a rapid resume of the history of Russia
from the days of Runic. We shall not attempt to
follow the writer through the course of his narrative,
but we cannot resist the temptation of extracting
some of his reflections, which appear to us to be
not only original, but sound and philosophical. The
permission on the part of the Deity of wars and per-
secutions has been at all times a favourite argument
with those who are inclined to doubt the existence of
a Providential government of the world. The writer
in Blackwood thus " vindicates the ways of God to
man :"

" Without touching on topics exclusively religious, it
becomes a matter of high interest to mark the la lige-
,
ances, furies, and massacres, of heathenism, in every age
of the world. Yet while we believe, and have such
resistless reason to believe, in the Providential govern-
ment, what grounds can be discovered for this sufferance
of perpetual horrors ? For this we have one solution,
and but one : stern as the inflictions are, may they not
be in mercy? may not the struggles of barbarian life be
permitted, simply to retard the headlong course of bar-
barian corruption? may there not be excesses of wicked-
ness, extremes of national vice, an accumulation of
offences against the laws of moral nature, (which are the
original laws of heaven,) actually incompatible with
the Divine mercy? Nothing can be clearer to the un-
derstanding, than that there are limits which the Divine
Being has prescribed to his endurance of the guilt of
man, and prescribed doubtless for the highest objects of
general mercy; as there are offences which, by human
laws, are incompatible with the existence of society.
" The crimes of the world before the flood wero evi-
dently of an intense iniquity, which precluded the possi-
bility of purification; and thus it became necessary to
extinguish a race, whose continueed existence could only
have corrupted every future generation of mankind.
" War, savage feuds, famines and pestilences may
have been only Divine expedieats to save the world from
another accumulation of intolerable iniquity, by depriv
ing nations of the power of utter self-destruction, by
thinning their numbers, by compelling them to feel
the miseries of mutual aggression, and even by reducing
them to that degree of poverty which supplied the most
effective antidote to their total corruption.
" Still those sufferings were punishments, but punish.
ments fully earned by their fierce passions, savage pro-
pensities, remorseless cruelties, and general disobedience
of that natural law of virtue, which earlier, even than
Judaism or Christianity, the Eternal had implanted in
the heart of his creatures."

We are rejoiced to find in such a magazine as
Blackwood, and from the pen of such a writer as the
author of this article, the following vindication of the
great French philosophers of the last century, who
have been most unjustly stigmatised as the enemies of
Christianity. The author, in speaking of La flarpe,
who, in common with Voltaire, and the other philo-
sophers of the middle of the last century, has been
stigmatised as a scoffer, says—
But the English reader should be reminded, that
when men of this rank of ability are pronounced hostile
to religion, their hostility was not to the principles of
Christianity, but to the religion of France; to the per-
formances of the national worship, to the burlesque
miracles wrought at the tomb of the Abt iS Paris, and to
that whole system of human inventions and monkish
follies which was as much disbelieved in France as it
was disdained in England.

" In fact, the religion of the Gospel had never come
into their though's; and when they talked of revelation
they thought only of the breviary."

this is perfectly true, and it is much to be regretted
that Protestant ministers, adopting the interested cry
of blasphemy which the Catholic priests had raised
against these men, should have suffered their esprit de
corps as priests to overcome their fidelity to the
Fundamental doctrine of Protestantism, the right
of private judgments, and should have been in-
duced to adopt a cuckoo cry against these men
without examining their works, and have thus de-
prived pure Christianity of the benefit of the advo-
cacy of those who would have been its most efficient
champions, had those Protestant ministers, instead of
abusing, instructed them and shown them that the
Christianity of the Gospel was very different from
that of the breviary. M. Schnitzler has given it as
his opinion that the direction of Russian conquest
will be for the future towards Germany. The
writer in Blackwaod, however, differs from him, and
imagines that Asia Minor and Syria will be a lovelier
and more lucrative prey, and that Egypt will be the
prize, which will draw to the waters of the Medi-
terranean the maritime force of the world. "Our
West Indian Colonies " is the title of an article which
contains much to admire, and much of which to
disapprove ; but, as we have treated of this
subject in another part of this day's paper, we will
content ourselves in this place with merely referring
to it. "My English Acquaintance" is an amusing
aecount of the adventures of an English scapegrace,
who, having squandered a handsome fortune,
enlists in the French army, and performs a campaign
in Algiers. The story is admirably told, and the
interest is well kept up to the end. We do not
quite agrse with the author of the paper entitled
" Subjects for Pictures," in his reprobation:of some of
the subjects chosen by Wilkie and Landseer. For
instance, he talks of the " debasing cruelty of the
otter hunt," because it puts human nature in the
very worst position ; and yet this very writer is warm
in his eulogium on Wouvermans' pictures of hawking
parties, because in them the death of the heron is the
accessory, not the subject. This is mere sentimental
cant—cruelty is cruelty, disguise it as you
may—and to an honestly constituted, truth-
loving, hypocrisy. hating mind, the otter hunt
of Landseer would not be one whit more disgusting
than the " Hawking Party" of Wouvermanns.
"'The Autobiography of a German Headsman" is
an interesting revie w of a recently published work
by M. Chezy—a sort of German causes celebres.
An elaborate and most laudatory notice of Mr. War-
ren's novel of " Now and Then" concludes the
present number of Blackwood.