The Sun.
London, England, 1846-03-30 00:00:00

n SUN, LON DON, MONDAY EVENING, MARCH 50, le4r.

Have you ever been on the Croydon line ?—Not since the
1 atmospheric tube was laid.
Have vo;: ever e zal:Pa t!l trrrThle to go tere?-1[ have sem

LITERATURE.

each event in this " Residence among the Typees of the
Marquesas " doubly interesting, is the fact that all the
tr•27)sp7.ml scarcely twz ye/TS since. We
nd the bo(:k as a ti7t;Zt thuice
_atAl 'clofightful out; : if we could possibly squeeze the
pages into a single column we would prove its es•
celleneu by transcribing the entire work. Mr. Murray
deserved well for its publication.

TEE 13(70AD AAD THE NARROW GAUGE;
- r•-•
Mr. Hei.ry Lushingtou, hto Fellow of Trinity Col-
lege, Cumlnidge, has published some pungent ieraarks on
the report of the Broad and Narrow Gauge Coroinsion.
lie warmly depri.cates the relinquishment of the broad
gauge on the ground that its superiority over the narrow
stands confessed. Its comparative merits he exhibits,
and has enlarged uron, with great ability. He takes up
the report of the Commissioners, which he criticises
with considerable ability, and gives his re:sl/4;11 for dis-
senting from the opinions they have arrived at, ind,im-
pugns the notion of the abandoning by the Le,..,islature
of the principle to which he inclines, and which he cha-
racterises as a step backward, a step taken without ne-
cessity and in what may be called fantness of heart, a
most vexatious interference with
.private enterprise; a
most chilling discouragement to inventive genius, a
deliberate re-establishment of a lower standard for
every benefit which railways con!'cr on society, coupled
with the declaration that that standard is henceforth to
be the ne plus uira, a sacrifice at once of a great reality
and a greater possibility for most insufficient reasons.
The entire pamphlet will be found worthy of perusal.

lilt. Joi calicn in and examined by Mr. CGCIC
WV N-I belkve you were stationed to observe the working
orthe atmospheric trains on the Croydon line ?—I was.
When were you placed there ?—On the.2d of February.
How long were you there ?—Five weeks.
You were not employed by A:r. Locke ?—No.
Did you observe each train ?—Yea, for that time.
Did you travel by each train ?-1 travelled generally 24
trnins a day.
Ewa many trains a day were running or professed to run at
that time?-28. _ _

And you checked them for five weeks ?—Yes.
During that time, what was the total number of delays and
stopnages ? did you take a note of each that happened?—Yes.
By the Committe—What year was this ?-1846.
By Mr. Cocain ax From February the 2d to the 25th,
since the Croydon line was opened ?—Yes, there were 50 trains
taken by the locomotive engine.
How many delays were there altogether ?-84.
What was the total number of trains stopped and delayed on
the line during that time, quite independently of locomotives?
—lB4.
- In how many instances, during the time you were there ob-
serving, were the trains stopped or delayed on the line?-184.
When you say stopped or delayed, what do you mean by that
—you include both the locomotives and atmospheric ?—I are
includieg the mere fact of stoppages; I include both in that
number which were delayed and taken by locomotives.
You say they were 181 instances of stoppages—in how many
of those instances were you obliged to have recourse to locoino-
motive power in order to get the atmospheric train on to its
place otdestinatim ?-84.
Eighty-four times they were obliged to have recourse to lo-
comotive power?—Yes.
(If that eighty-four instances necessarily arose in the month
of February ?—Yes.
In the other instances, when they did not have recourse to
locomotive power, what was the nature of the delay—how long
was it generally for ?—The delay was up to thirty minutes, and
as low as ten, three, and two minutes.

SEVEN YEARS' CAMPAIGNING IN THE
PENINSULA AND 7 LIE NETHERLANDS,
from 1808 to 1815. By Sir Richard D. Ilenegan.
2 Vols.

The author of this work was formerly head of the
field- train department, under the Duke of Wellington,
had performed a part in most of the great battles and
sieges in Spain, and witnessed the close of the grand
struggle on the field of Waterloo. One who had thus
mixed in such numerous and various scenes, so full of
stirring events and so honourable to the British army,
had opportunities of collecting facts and furnishing de-
tails of which few men can boast. Many of the facts re-
lated are very painful, they paint out the horrors of war
in all its deformity, and absolutely excite wonder that so
many brave men should have submitted to the most griev
ous sufferings with patient endurance, and sacrificed
their lives apparently without regret in these
great contests with the enemy. They at the
same time, however, do imperishable honour
to the British name, for this country was then
fighting for her very existence, and nothing could save
her against the grasping po eer of Buonaparte but the
'nest determined devotion and unconquerable bravery of
her gallant defenders. Many traits are given in these
volumes which do full justice to the soldiers as well as
officers of the British army. They are broughtrout, as
it, were, by aneident, and spew rather specimens ef ennnt.
less deals of fame thrown in the way of the author than
a regular account even of the most remarkable which fell
under his notice. They are described in an easy, light
style, without affectation or pretensions, and without a
particle of ill nature, jealousy, or partiality to any country,
or to any department of the public service. We are glad
to find occasionally some errors corrected, and justice
done to gallant men, whom Wellington, in the hurry
of the moment, and amidst his numerous avocations,
had overlooked, The case of Colonel Hepburn,
is a striking instance. " This officer's name,"
says Sir Richard, "ens omitted by the Duke in reference
to the defence of Hougoumont, in his dispatch of the
battle of 'Waterloo, and the name of a junior officer sub-
stituted for it. The mistake was never rectified, and in
consequence every writer upon Waterloo, reefing securely
firm on the authority of the Duke himself,, has failed to
renier justice to the memory of a gallant officer and ho-
nourable man, by mentioning him as the officer in com-
mand on that memorable occasion." We give this
as a proof the author's impartiality, and we subjoin an-
other extract to show the playful and fascinating man-
ner in which he relates an incident of war. Ile is the
hero of the tale, and he acted his part well. The event
occurred while the British and Prussian armies were
marching on Paris, and Prince Augustus of Prussia was
engaged in reducing the fortresses of Maubeege, Rocroy,
and other strong places in the east of France, with a
strong Prussian division, to which Sir Richard Henegan
was attached :-
-" On the morning that preceded the capitulation of Rocroy,
I was returning from a mortar battery to the park of artil-
lery, to forward fresh supplies of ammunition, when per-
plexed by the many cross roads that intersect the forest of the
Ardennes, I chanced, most inopportunely, to take one that
led me to a French piquet. The surprise of the French
soldiers at the appearance of an English officer among them
was great; but my chagrin was greater still at being taken
prisoner at that eleventh hour. Chagrin and regrets were,
however, alike unavailing, and I was marched off into the
fortress, with many a mauvaise phzisante..ie to beguile me on
the way. The interior of the garrison showed the feelings
of the French military at that moment. The capitulation of
this last fortress, on whose walls still proudly waved the tri-
colore, was hourly expected, and the excitement of the sol-
diers, at the necessity of surrendering to the Prussians the
banner under which they had fought and conquered at Jena,
amounted to savage frenzy.
"My reception, as I passed through a crowd of half drunken
soldiers, was none of the most friendly. Execrations en Eng-
land and the English greeted me on every side, and it was
only when I found myself in the presence of the commandant
that I considered my life in security from the inflamed
passions of the soldiery. At an early hour the officers of the
garrison sat down to dinner, and I was invited to join this
meeting, that was looked upon as the last in which they
were to be assembled in the brotherhood of arms. The tur-
bulence of that party can only find an excuse in the conflict-
ing feelings that waged fiercely in the breasts of men, pe-
culiarly susceptible by their national character, to the humi-
liation of defeat. Tne room was crowded beyond what it
could hold with any degree of ease, and wine flowed with a
freeness that soon took effect upon imaginations already
over-heated.
.‘ The drinkers, from enthusiastic, became literally-mad,
and shouts and oaths, mingled in one furious uproar with
uncorking of bottles, and smashing of glasses against each
other, to the health of the Emperor Napoleon. Spurred on
by the uncontrollable frenzy of the moment, the com-
mandant turned suddenly and fiercely upon me, insisting
that I should drink to L'Empereur.' I declined the honour,
as in duty bound, when this qfficier superieur, no longer able
to withstand the dictates of hatred that were urging him on
to wreak his vengeance on an Englishman arose, and with
his sword unsheathed, swore with a tremendous' Save nom
de Dieu,' that I should not leave the table until I had com-
plied with his demand.
" If it be true that ' in vino recites,' the French character
was nobly redeemed by what followed. A simultaneous
rush was made towards me by a phalanx of brave fellows,
whose countenances spoke eloquently their indignation at
conduct so unchivalrous and ungenerous towards a prisoner.
Nor was their example lost upon the aggressor, for throwing
his hostile weapon at a distance from him, he rushed to
embrace me, at the risk of excoriating the sides of my face
with a stubble beard of at least a ten days growth. The
remainder of the day was passed in riot and uproar, and on
.he following morning terms of capitulation were sent in by
Le commandant to Prince Augustus."

Ia some irstances up to thirty?—Yes.
In tome instances did you find up to shirty minutes ?—Four.
It varied from that down to nothing in fact?—Yes, I have
had one as high as thirty-five minutes.
Did you make any observations with reference to the expense
of the line ?—Yes.
Have you got the details, the expense, the number of men
employed, and ti e quantity of coal consumed ?—Yes, there are
six men employed in the first instance at the Croydon.. •
What would that be per man per day ?—Six shillings and six-
pence per man 1/. 193. per day ; then there are six stokers, 4s.
per man, 11. 4s. a day; then there are six cleaners or helpers,
2s. 6d. a day, that is lbs. ; four entrance valve men—three are
e,mployed.continually, and one is moving about, to release the
others from time to time—at 3s. 6d. per day, 145.; twelve
longitudinal valve men—that is, the long valve that runs along
the liar:—at us. pri day two men at pia: on carriage, at 33. (M.
per day ; two men at heater carriage, as. 6d. per day; four
switch men, for shoving across, 3s. per day.
Are those extra men the switch men ?—They are extra men,
that would not be used on a locomotive line. There are more
switch met u,ed than these, but these are only more than those
used on a locomotive line. Cost of coal and coke together, at
each engine house, per day, 4i tons, at IBs., 2/. 3s.
How do you get at that I 8 s. ? That is assumed, is it not?
—lt is. I could not ascertain what they really paid for the
coal, but I believe it is more; they travelled fourteen trains
perday.

ly the COMMITTEE—.
What it, the amount for the coal ?-121. 3s.
By Mr. COCKBURN—
What is the aggregate of all those sums, 19/. 17s. per day?

—Yes.
For what distance ?—That is the five miles they run four
teen trains per day ; that makes twenty-eight trains; five times
that makes 14:);miles travelled per day ; cost per mile 2s. 10d.,
for cost of level and labour only, exclusive of repairs. The
average weight of trains is 42 tons.
Cress-examined l'alr.;l‘lEnvALE—Who employed you to
spy the nakedness et the land p—Mr. Cabry.
He is an engineer ?—Yes.
He sent you to avafch this ?—lt was by Mr. Cabry and Mr.
Hodson's order I went there.
King Hudson ?—The Chairman of the York and North Mid-
land. _ _

....
Did you say you came from those gentlemen ?—Yes.
Whe to?—To several. I cannot generally describe the
gentlemen I said it to, but I said it to a good many.
Ycu told the people that you came for the purpose of spying?
—I told the people. there I came down for general information.
For those gentlemen?—Mr. Cabry, Mr. Hudson, and myself.
And you saw all ?—Yes.
So of those between the 22d and 25t11 of February, am I
right in saying that those fifty all occurred in two days ?—No ;
they did not. - -

Just give us the dates ?—February the 6th, there is one.
3d, seven, and 4th, six.
That makes thrteen in those two days ?—Yes ; the 3d, two;
the 10th, five.

What took place on the 10th? Did not both coanecting-
rods of two engines break ?—One broke, and one was cracked.
Does not that account for those five accidents at once?—
That accident accounts for those five.
Does not that single breakage account for thirty-three of
the stoppages?—Yes, it allows for thirty-three taken by the
locomotive, on account of the connecting-rod.
That you speak of is four-and-a-half tons a day, that is your
estimate —Yes.
Do you know Mr. Samuda consumes two tons a day ?—No,
I am not aware of that.
You spoke of I7s. for coal, do you know that Mr. Samuda
is actually paying 12s. ?—I am not aware of that at all.
You took Mr. Locke's calculations ?—Yes.
_ And is the whole of your estimate as loose as that ?—No, the
other is taken from facts.
Re-examined by Mr. COCKBURN—My friend took you
down that list, to a certain extent, and sopped on the 10th of
Fell:nary, when you had tire stoppages—give me the residue.—
On the 21st one is taken by locomotive. .

-
By Mr. Martivana—Do not you know all those accidents
occurred from defects in the engines ?—Not all of them.
State asy one of them that did not.—On the 9th a train out
of Landon was stopped for want of vacuum at Forest-hill.
For how long?—Fifteen minutes—that ,as from the longi-
tudinal valve ; the men had not had time enough to pass along
to sell it.
Any more?—l think that is all.
Out of eighty-five, eighty-four were the result of defects of
the engines?—No, there were a great many more ; of those
being stopped from the snow and the frost there were eleven.
Do yon know there were eleven one day from the snow and
the frost ?—Yes ; I have them from the party who has ob-
served the Lee.
You do not"knox about the eleven ?—Yes, I do.
You have got it from other parties?—lt is not my own ob-
servation, but I am 1 erfectly sure the party is correct.
By Mr. COCKBURN—
Who is the party.?—A gentleman in Croydon.
What is his came?—Mr. Bree.
By Mr. MERIVALE—
IS he an engineer ?—He is not. •
By Mr. COCKEURN—
Have you knOWn several instances where the delay has been
occasioned by somethin-; connected with the valve ?—By the
longitudinal valve and the valves of the engines preventing the
valve acting as it ought to do—several nave occurred from
that, and several from the longitudinal valve. There were a
great number delayed for want of vacuum. •
By Mr. MEKIVALE—
hey were delayed from defects of the longitudinal valve, or
defects in the engine•house?—They are defects in the valve in
general belonging to the system.
We want to know how much of these happened from de-
fects in. the apparatus and the engines?—The valves are all
connected; one valve acts in another ; if one will not act an-
uit not.
How many of these acts happened from defects to the longi-
,u•tinal valve itself?—l should imagine better than half 01
their.
From defects of the longitudinal valve itself ?—The men nod
having time to pa,s along.
By Mr. CoctenaN—When you say that, do you mean any-
thing that happened to the valve, or from the men not. being
able to get it in -proper order ?—They2 had not time to pass
along the line to seat it to prevent the leakage.
I believe you are in the employment of Mr. Cabry ?—I am.
I have been for the last five yeas s.
How many instances have you of the stoppage taking place in
consequence of something at the valve ?—I have, got a,great

A RESIDENCE IN THE MARQUESAS.—
Murray's Home and Colonial Library. Kos. XXX.
and XXXI.
One of the most delightful narratives of adventure
ever published. This book divulges the cant, humbug,
and glaring inaccunlcy of the nonsense respecting Pole-
nysia which has at. intervals been palmed upon the
English-public as the experience of trustworthy tra-
lers. Swallowing, with all the voracity of marvel-
lovers, every absurd " yarn" spun by a jocular tar over
his grog in the forecastle, and noting them down as
likely to sell excellently among the credulous readers at
home, the majority of " writers of travel " accumulate
their information from hearsay, and retail such fallacies
with whatever additions may tend to heighten their at-
tractiveness. With very few exceptions indeed. these
assertions hold good. Among the mass of " Voyages
and Travels " already printed an Enormous library of
fiction might be collected, and that fiction the most ex-
travagant and improbable. The writer of this work, an
American sailor, staLds however totally apart from

many.
Abut how many ?--About half as many as what I have down
I cannot tell to one or two.
The witness withdrew.
The Committee adjourned till Monday at twelve o'clock.

those scribblers ; he is the eyewitness of every circum-
stance he re►a.tes ; and, from having livel (during a
captivity of four months) among the Typea inhabitants
or Nukuheva Island, he had assuredly sufficient oppor-
tunities of becoming acquainted with the customs, dis-
position. social relations, and mode of life as visible
among the so-called " savages " of the South Sea archi-
pelago. From the first moment of his desertion from
the whaler at Nukuheva harbour, to his escape from the

7 ----
QUACKERY IN FRANCE —ln a recent lecture de-
livered by Monsieur Magendie, the celebrated French
physiolegist, on the value of medical treatment, after men-
tioning various pseudo-medical delusions, he observed as
follows:—" It is with regret that I have laid before you
this melanchcly picture of the deplorable abuses which
exist in the medical world. I am afraid no laws on
the practice of medicine will be 'able to eradicate them.
The quack will always contrive to elude the
wisest regulations, for he 'knows that patients want to be
deceived. Yes, gentlemen, we love error, and often refuse
to yield to evidence, even when it is proved to us that our
good faith and credulity have been imposed upon. Of this
fact I will give you the following proof : A lady, a fervent
believer in mesmerism, asked her niece, who was poorly, for
a lock of her tair, in order to consult a somnambulist. The
fn-try the credulity of her aunt, gave her the
Bair of her maid instead if her own. A renowned semnam-
Aillist waikonsulted, and at once recognised, by the hair of
—tit6 Maid, all the symptoms presented by the niece, whose
sufferings he minutely described, to the great edification of
the lady. The latter was thew informed of the trick that had
been played. You would naturally have thought that she
weiil4l have recognised the imposture of the somnambulist.
Not at all ; . she preferred concluding that the maid-servant
bad the same disease as her niece, and obliged her to submit
to a regular treatment, as if she had been poorly, although at
that time in the best possible health."
GLOUCESTER, MancH 25.—The following address
was yesterday unanimously adopted by the corporation of this city
on the motion of Counellor Kimberly, seconded by Ald. Taylor :
," TO THE ILIOHT HON. SIR ROBERT PEEL, BART., HER MAJESTY'S
FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY. _ _

Typea valley ; or, to speak plainer, from the first line in
the first page to the last in the last, interest, informa-
tion, and the most genial freshness of description, per-
vades the whole volume. It is all but tisiting the Mar-
quesas ourselves. Pore-Poee becomes a familiar dish,
tappa is cinctured round your loins • you are serval-
tied by the Taboo, and clamber up ehelong shaft of the
coed nut, while reading this singular production.
Throughout it there are snatches of drollery that are
occasionally irresistibly comic ; drollery of observation ;
and sometimes reflections of the most unstrained and
winning path-:s. If alone as likely to correct the popu-
lar notion regarding the character of savages, this book
will perform a high mission, and is deseeving of every
possible praise. The Typees, to whom the writer's re-
marks are especially referable, are a ration of Indians,
totally ignorant of any intercourse with white men ;
Europeans have never ventured to anchor on their
shores ; civilization has never insinuated itself among
their bamboo huts ; they have the reputation of being
the most sanguinary barbarians, and the most ruthless
cannibals in the Marquesas. And yet, after a familiar
intercourse with them during the period already men-
tioned, the author describes these same Typees as a set
of the most harmless, the most peaceable, the most
affectionate, the most virtuous and generous-hearted
beings ; though pagans withal, and even cannibals
withal I How cannibalism can be reconciled with such
tender qualities is judiciously proved by the writer.
We repeat the declaration proved, and refer every
sceptic to the work itself. It. he does not acquire a
love for that beautiful valley of Typee ; if he does not
esteem the whole tribe of naked and tatooed savages as
worthy of sincere attachment, from the munificent King
Mehevi to Kory-Key himself ; if he does not especially
extend his reverence to Marheyo and Tinor, and his
whole heart to the lovely maiden Fayaway ; even when
she is devouring raw fish, or blowing the nose-flute ;. we
will wager, to use an old but expressive country phrase,
that his heart is not in the right place. Better than the
generality of novels, because so true as well us so
strange, is this narrative, with its pure and sustained
actuality. Every chapter has its separate picture, and
every picture is glowing with life ; from the gohlen
lizards among the spear-grass, to the dumb birds with
their dazzling plumage ; from the battle of pop guns to
the feast at the Ti ; from the cooking of bread fruit to
the frequent bathing in the lake ; everything is seen
with a keen eye, and recorded with a faithful pencil.
Nor do the savages appear, n closer view, to be so
utterly barbarous to their style of living as might have
been conjectured. They are housed comfortaaly and
elegantly ; they enjoy their siestas after meals ; they
revel in the perfume of tobacco ; they anoint their bo-
dies with the most exquisite cosmetics ; they adorn
themselves with trinkets, and flowers, and feathers—they
are absolute epicureans in their own way. Besides
which, according to our author, they are perfect sp:ci-
mees of manly and-female beauty, in evidence of which,
the elaborate portraits, as sketched by him, of Marnoo
and of Fayaway, may be pointed out. What renders

" The address of the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of the city of
Gloucester in council assembled.—We, the mayor, aldermen, and
burgesses of the city of Gloucester In council assembled, impressed
with a deep sense of the importance of the Government measut es
now before Parliament, for relaxing the duties on corn and provi-
sions with a view to their eventual abolition, as well involving a
general reduction in our commercial tariff, avail ourselves of these
means respectfully to tender to you, as their responsible projector,
our cordial and entire approbation of the principle on which those
measures are founded. Comprising as this corporation does, indi-
viduals of various shades of political opinion, we are, nevertheless,
unanimous in cur admiration, of the boldness, justice, and equity of
the proposed changes, and of their complete adaptation to the spirit
of the age and to the ends thereby proposed—namely, the increased
happiness and comfort of all classes of her Majesty's subjects.
IL is not the practice of this corporation, as a body, to identify
itself With general political questions, but there are occasions
which seem to justity a departure from the usual course ; and we
deem the present an opportunity which our strong sense of the im-
mense Importance of the Government proposals will scarcely allow
us to forego, of testifying our high approval of them, and of cheering
the first Minister of the Crow n in his glorious yet difficult career
of carrying them forward to a successful issue. We are fully. sensible
of the many painful struggles which must have preceded the proposal
of measures involving principles in direct opposition to the views of a
large and influential section of the Government supporters; but we
offer our respectful homage to ,the literal courage and independence
which could disregard that support, and appeal to the higher tribunal
of public opinion dispassionately expressed through its representa-
tives in Parliament. It is our anixieue hope that these measures may
speedily become the law of the land ; we believe their tendency to
be—to secure at home social and political contentment, active em-
ployment, health, and weali hLs abroad, to annihilate prejudices, to
labour and natural products ;—and thus, by pr
increase goodwill towards ties centitry, to remove the barriers to o-
a
toriecietingelf universalge.oi treaty of amity and commerce, to secure that
which must almost Inevitably flow from it- the blessing of universal
peace."
The Wont Hon. the Speaker of the House of Com-
mons gave 'his customary grand Perliamentary entertainment on
eaturday evening to a numerous circle of Members of the Lower
House, among whom were Viscount Acheson, Dlr. Warburton, the
lion. Captain lierticleY, Sir Georee Staunton, Mr. Tancred, Sir
Charles Lenten, Mr. Dennistoun, Mr. Morris, Mr. Paulson, Mr.
Wilehere, Mr. Putnam, Mr. Jnhn O'Connell, Mr. Fazztephen French,
Mr. Wyse, Mr. Carew, the Lton: Craveti Berlseley, Mr. 4"LN. Smith,
Bowes, Mr. J. it. -V ivian, Mr. Ewalt, Capt+Uu. Dalrympl©,
Mr.
13. Sheridan, Mr. and Lananon.