The Sun.
London, England, 1846-11-24 00:00:00

,

er 1 r ;00

~~

-/-

.. ..
„ . , 44,-, - • • - i
i'- r * Lt.°
,=e—'`-.--'s,•"--":7,1-.:4e.t4,‘ h..
,4:1,047:1L., A y
~
..,, ut • . . .
...
...ii ;t-
-1
6:N.4fr,,-•6_,,c-7,..
F;7 L'
'l', c 10,7 wI 14F, 1.1 I iktiid:? ' 47.trtc..-
~... 4 %
I - .4.,.., , '--_'l'-'7,1..-.*.: ---5;.: :11l 11:t9i1 1:411, ' I::'''.:+ : ",r7 -- - 4c:ce l\„ •
lam:
~-.,-...„_----,,.,1),
_ ~, •t_
~,,1 ..•• H
~,...6„
-„,;-,..,..-.; ~..-
ji H
~.,, - 1,-,,
_____Y- -- N'
..,:i....t..,_, .., -..' .) , ,
inwiT,_,...- ,t, ----
-.....-.•.=7-- 4:11 ',4-
... -...,-- ,
_ _._........---,,,,,,,,, • 1.4.....-,,e,d.....,21,1.1.17,...E4,11151.F029.1i-smaeIna‘........TV,RMUSIONFSKI,...F.,,,-. • .-.......-•--.OG .0 ...... I

, 1117
151:,t tAr''Q I.‘l,
NOVEMBER 04. 18-16.
No. 16,905. LONDON, TUESDA ,
En. Av.
_ - -

RAITESEND STAR and BLACKW ALL
PACKETS.
Boat and Rail included is One Payment npou every pass,,.ge,
avoiding the danger and delay of the Pool.
From the Brunswick Wharf, Blackwell, at 931, 103 x, 12, 1%, 3,
4, and 5 o'clock. Sundays, 931, 10%, 131, 4, and 5 o'clock. The
trains starting one quarter of an hour before each of these times.
The New Terrace Pier, Gravesend, at 731, 831, 931, 11%, 1,3, and
4 o'clock. Sundays, 7%, 1131, 1,3, and 5 o'clock. .
• N.B.—No other packets call at the Grays or Greenhithe Piers.
Star Office, Gravesend, Nov. 24, 1846. •
- -------

BRITISH WHALE And SEAL FISHERY
COMPANY. • ,
SPECIAL NOTICE.
Ns applications for Shares in this Company will be received after
TO-MORROW, (WEDNESDAY), the 25th Instant.
By order of the Directors,
NATIIL. W. SYMONDS, Secretary pro term
72, Corratill, Nov. 24, 1846.

A STUR I AN MINING COMPANY
NOTICE is hereby given that, in terms of a'Resolution of the
Special General Meeting of the Shareholders in this Company, held
at their offices this day, the remainder of the Shares on which Calls
past due shall not have been paid on or before the 30th day of
November instant, wil: be cancelled, and new Shares issued, in lieu
of them, for the benefit of the Company.
By order of the rioard,
K. MACKENZIE, Secretary.

No. 9, Austin Friars, Nov. 23, 184 ii.

PUBLICATIONS.

RURAL PICKINGS.
Just published, 12mo, bound in cloth, gilt edges, price 7s.
pURAL PICKINGS; or, Attractive Points in
Or Country
.Life and Scenery, by the Author of " Ephraim
Holding's Domestic Addresses," &o. with Coloured Plates, by
Absolon, &e,
*oYouth and Manhood delight in the country, while Childhood
absolutely revels there ; even old Age himself, almost forgetting the
wrinkles on his brow, and the rheumatism in his limbs, is ready to
skip in the gaiety of his heart, while he breathes the fresh air, gazes
on the green fields, and calls to his remembrance the exploits of his
boyhood. •
. -

"Again his childish days afford him joy, .
And pleasant tbougiits—again lie is a boy 1"
London : William fiegg and Co. -

P. VIRGILII MARONIS IENEIS.
Just published, 12:no. roan, price 7s. 6d.
T"E2E
4 NEID OF VIRGIL, with English
Notes, Critical and Explanatory ; a Metical Clavis ; and an
Historical, Geographical, and Mythological. Index, by CHARLES
ANTHON, LL.D., Jay Professor of the Greek and Latin Languages
in Columbia College, New York, and Rector of the Grammar School.
Edited, with considerable alterations, and adapted to the use of
English Schools and Colleges, by the Rev. W. TROLLOPE, M.A.
Also, the following works, by Anthon :
Homer's Iliad, First Three Books, Greek Reader, by Boyd, 7s. 6d.
7s. 6d. Caesar's Commentaries, 6s.
Horace, by Boyd, Is. 6d. Greek Grammar, by Major, 4s.
Sallast, by Boyd, ss. Greek Prosody, by ditto, 2s. 6d.
Cicero's Orations, by Boyd, Cs. Latin Grammar, by Hayes, 4s.
London : William Tegg and Co.

BOND'S PERMANENT MARKING INK,
(the original, and by far the best, requiring no preparation),
for writing, in indelible characters, upon Linen, &c„ whereby is
afforded an indisputable means of Identity for Towels, Sheets, Table•
cloths, and every variety of Wearing Apparel. , Prepared by the in-
ventor, JOHN BOND, chymist, 28, Long-lane, West Smithfield, Lon-
don, and sold by most Stationers, &e. Price is. a bottle.

E R.

THE STIRLINGSHIRE WOOLLEN
MANUFACTURE.
The manufacture of tartan shawls and plaids from
wool may be said to be a branch of trade indigenous to
the north. The Highlanders of Scotland were the first
of whom we know anything who wore chequered gar-
ments composed of that Material ; and so well acquainted
were they even centuries back with a becoming arrange-
ment in striping them, that each feudal lord and hi-
vassals had fixed upon a certain composition of stripe
with certain colours, by which they were distinguished
from all the rest ; hence the origin of the clan tartans.
They were worn, as is well known, only in the lower
part of the dress chiefly, though all who could attain to
it had coats and vests of their favourite check. And so
proud were they, and tenacious of their clan, and this
their showy garb, that a Highlander has been known t(
wear them in the olden time to shreds, rather than lad
them aside for other apparel.
The Government of George the Second, after the dis
astrous battle of Culloden, in passing the Disarmin
Act,' declared that it was as essential to prohibit th(
wearing of the tartan kilt, in order to restore and cnsurt
a continuance of peace in the Highlands, as it was to
take away from the hardy Gael his gun, his skein-dhu,
or his broad-sword, and so the wise legislators of those
days decreed accordingly. How altered, indeed, are the
times, when (Area Majesty itself will wear them, and
growth thereby encourage their ; and now, besides al,
the clans, from Frazer to Campbell, or Mac Kenzi(
and Mac Lean, we have the Queen's Welcome, and th(
Queen of Beauty, and scores of other fanciful checks,
the result of exquisite skill, taste, and arrangement.
If we then can admire all this—and if we then regard
it as it ought, in an important commercial point of view,
we must—we are compellel—to laugh at the silly idea
of our legislators at all interfering with the colour or
shape of the clothing which the people, or any portion of
them, may feel disposed to wear. Had that part of th(
Act succeeded in its working out, probably no such
kind of work would have been now seen amongst us ;
but the mountaineer, while he might be refted of his
kirk or claymore, could not be stripped of his clan kilt.
unless they proceeded to turn him adrift in his flatly(
nudity, to browse on the heath with his own mountain
roe. He had no other kind of cloth, and would have

0
C Consider the Dress Mart of MOSES and SON,
Consider the wonderful fame it has won.
Consider how widely its name is display'd !
Consider the thousands that honour its trade.
Consider its various styles of attire
Consider the cloth which you all most admire.
Consider the workmanship (never out-done),
Consider the prices of MOSES and SON.
Consider the Hat Mart of E. M. and S.
Consider its ta'ty additions to dress.
Consider the Hats in their nap and their shape !
Consider their cheapness I Let nothing escape.
Consider the Fur Mart, which makes such a stir I
Consider its various species of fur I
Consider the prices which one time you paid I
Consider the change which is happily made.
Consider the Out-fits and Hosiery, toe
Consider the Housein each possible view :
Consider that quality's watchword is here,
Consider that nothing whatever is dear.
Consider the language with which we've begun,
Consider the Dress Mart of MOSES and SON.
LIST OF PRICES.
BEADY MADE

REFORM in the ROYAL SOCIBT Y.
(From the Lancet.)
Saint Andrew's Day is drawing nigh—the day on
which the official programme of the Royal Society will
be drawn up for another year. The present would,
therefore, be a fit season for ieviewing the proceedings
,f the society during the scientific year, Which closes on
the 30th of November. But we can only refer; to parti-
cular points. Besides a numerous array of minor laches,
we have charged those in authority, with three specific
outrages upon the constitution of the Royal Society.
In the first place, they have doubly violated the re-
gulations under which the Royal Medals are awarded—
regulations which have received the sandier' of her Ma-
iesty, by giving a Royal Medal to a paper 'which di l not
legally come within the cycle of years for which the
Award was made ; and for a paper which aid not appear
in print in the "Philosophical Transactioni" until nearly
A year after the medal was given away. In the second
place, we charged the secretaries and the Physiological
Committee with having broken the statutes by allowing
le author of the paper to which the Royal Medal was
illega,ll% awarded, to receive back and alter his paper,
.vithout the permission of the council. And in the third
place, we have eharged the secretaries wiih trampling
under foot the whole constitution of the loyal S;;ciety,

thing to repair the wrongs which have been inflicted on
:nen of science by former irregularities, and we do not
scruple to say, illegalities ; and will he set himself in
!onjunction with the Council, to bring its organisation into
a state fitted to lead and foster the science of this coun-
try as it at present exists ? Each of these points is of
the utmost importance. So long as irregularities are
permitted in the reading and printing of papers, in the
constitution of committees, and the awarding of medals—
so long no discovery made amongst us can be safe. Com-
mon justice, and the present and future character of the
Royal Society, imperatively require that the wrongs
already committed should, as far as possible, be repaired.
And last of all, activity, diseussien, and permanency in
the weekly sittings of the Royal Society, should be pro-
vided for. Unless a genuine reformation be set afoot,
unless the cold and formal aristocracy of.science admits
some more generous elements than it at present possesses,
we may look to see discovery after discovery lost to this
country, and the original workers amongst us soured
lnd disappointed, instead of cheered and honoured.
The Royal Society and its coteries have long acted the
Florentine part towards the scientific genius of England.
This year they have, among other errors, lost a planet;
what they may lose next, if they continue their career,
it is impossible to foresee. If this loss does not rouse
them, no arguments can do so. Dante describes, in the
" Inferno," the interviews between the ghosts of the
learl. What kind of meeting will that be between the
offended shades of Newton, end Halley, and Herschel,
and the administrators of science of the present gene-
ration?

by printing an extended communication fiesm a person
lot a fellow of the Societyeand which had neither been
read, nor referred, nor considered by the Council in any
way, having, in fact, as the printed date proves, been
sent to the secretary subsequently to the last meeting of
the Council for the year. We stop not to enquire into
irregularities of former years—it is enough to say, that
ill these subirersiens of the statutes belong to the
present year alone. These charges, as our readers know,
were made distinctly, nominatively ; it would, indeed,
have been a treason to truth not to have done so. We
charged the parties concerned in the courSX public and
'professional opinion, and they-leave atklitvle*d the
competence of the tribunal by pleading to the indict-
ment. They have all responded, have all held up their
hands—some with the plea of not guilty, some with ex-
planations, some with equivocations, and all with ad-
missions of one kind or another. Besides the corres-
pondence of the injured parties, letters have been elicited
from Dr. Roget, the senior secretary; from Mr. Bell, the
secretary of the Physiological Committee; from
Drs. Todd and Sharpey, the two referees in the case of
the recent medal; and from Mr. Beck, and Mr. Newport,
the rest -
the two royal medallists by favour, but not by right or
desert; and, lastly, from the Noble Presiden, the Mar-
quis of Northampton himself; while
ties engaged have been busy with private repudiations
of all part in the discreditable transactions, and members
,f the Council have been running to and fro to examine
into the truth of things about which they had judged in
the absence of evidence or inquiry. Never before, in
the annals of the Royal Society, has there been such a
ierics of charges— never such a series of replications:
Such hasbeen the contradictory nature of the communica-
tions, that we have sometimes been able to stultify the state-
ments of the individual writers, by bringing them into self-
collision—the facts and acts of the same party at dif-
ferent times or places being in inexplicable contradic-
tion. At other times we have proceeded by the equally
easy mode of knocking the statements of one party
against the opposing facts of another. Their official
conduct has reduced them to such a conditiOn, that the
mere touch of truth has- been sufficient to throw them
into a state of moral polarization, particle instantly re-
pelling particle, and mass opposing mass.
But the profession have seen the changes, the evidence
adduced in their support, and the defences set up. The
parties implicated are, with the exception of the Pre-
sident, all of them professional men, and with the pro-
fession rests the verdict. Let them, then, throw their
pebbles into the urn of the republic of medicine,
and decide for punishment or acquittal. We do
Abluedt iwcoe-Cashki—rurW;
ihe t ti
Society, ;if be could have dared to assume in his
nwootulwdibshe
saidto atgogtehaevsaeteeretthaerymoaftttehre,
own person all the functions of the society, and to print
papers without the sanction of the society, or sanction
of any kind, in the " Medico-Chirurgical Transactions?"
Or what would be said if the treasurer of the Bank of
England were shown to have malversated the funds at
his command ? And are not science and scientific fame
things as dear to the rightful possessor, and as important
to the nation, as ever mere money can be ?
We say it advisedly. At the present time, the whole
system of scientific polity in this country is rotten at
the core as regards those who are charged with its ad-
ministration, and as regards the code to be enforced.
That the men in power are either lax to an extreme de-
gree, or utterly unprincipled, we have shown again and
again; and the machinery entrusted to these infirm or
impure hands is equally to be condemned. Science ad-
vances with an increased impetus from every century and
from every generation; yet the polity of the Royal Society,
our chief scientific institution, clings pertinaciously to its
venerable regulations, clogged as they are by time, and
by the altered condition of knowledge. Where Science
formerly numbered its tens, it now numbers its thou-
sands of cultivators; advances which were formerly the
feature of a generation are now the events of a day.
Science never sleeps; yet the Royal Society hybernates,
or rather falls into perfect torpor, annually, from June to
November. It still moves on in the antique round, when
the London year commenced with the fogs, and ended
with Midsummer. To the savans the 30th of November
is still the beginning of the season, as it was in some
remote era, the date of which can hardly be specified.
But the resultant mischiefs arc incalculable, when to
this semi- fossilized state, the grOssest violation of
statutes, charters, regulations, and by-laws, are per-
mitted with impunity. Times and dates being altered as
they have been—papers being tampered with in the way
we have stated—and papers being printed without the
sanction of the Council,—no anatomical or physiological
discovery is safe. We say anatomical and physiological,
because the more glaring outrages have occurred in these
departments. If a greater than Harvey were now to
arise, his-labours and his reputation would not be safe in
the hands of the present officials of the Royal
Society. This is not mere assertion, but a
close induction from the proved facts. Of late
years, whenever any man has signalised himself
in these departments, some puppet has straightway
been fostered at Somerset House, to the defamation and
injury of the right man. Sir Everard Home, the pur-
loiner and destroyer of John Hunter's papers, was sup-
plied from the coffers of - the society with the funds for
appropriating the labour of his illustrious. predecessor.
The expensive plates of his work on " Comparative
Anatomy," illustrating one hundred and nine papers in
the " Philosophical Transactions," were executed at the
cost of the society. Mr. Mayo, who attempted to deprive Sir
C. Bell of his just fame, was long suffered to he upon the
Council, than which a greater insult could not have been
offered to this distinguished man. More recently we
have seen Mr. Newport set up and rewarded, it is
scarcely known for what, while the discoverer of the
reflex function has had his pacers blackballed, which, to
his noble and independent spirit, was ostracism from the
society. Later still, Dr. Lee makes an anatomical dis-
covery, and, as if in obedience to some mysterious and
inevitable law of wrong, a non-discoverer is raised up to
usses and worry him in his career.
Evis of this magnitude cannot exist in one depart-
ment of science without being an indication of the
unwholesome polity pervading the whole. They are
so, in fact, at this time, when an event of the
cmlut
September,
member
tbnedeo
r‘vt
oh we seti
existencei. 8 k4j to hwtuhn,
as ttch andaho tel ouresgeenct o
positiontui country
oeyi
en at
Cambridge,ahl
highest importance is engaging the attention of the scis
e
entific world. We allude to the newly discovered planet.
luMhaeatrwido Anpfisldratsanotme cal-
culated
mObastiecrivaant,ormy,adeC,aminbri
jdugne,e,in ptlB4SecaemcbaelreualantdionOcwtohhicehr
of that year. M. Le Verrier, a young French mathe-
matician; the Astronomer-Royal, and to Mr. Challis, of the
yielded fewer of the elements of the discovery than
those obtained many months before by Mr. Adams, and
sent them to Mr. Galle, of the Observatory of Berlin.
Professor Airy does not seem to have looked at all:
Professor Challis looked and saw the planet twice in
August, yet did not publish the matter. But M. Gallo,
though he had received M. Le Verrier's calculations
many months after Mr. Adams had sent his to Mr. Airy,
and though he did not see the planet until six weeks
after it had been twice seen by Mr. Challis, was able to
publish it first through the French Academy, and thin.
to take from this country the glory of the discovery..*W
sleep, or, in all probability, Mr-
Challis would have sent his observations to this the legi,
hilientihtse
six Frenchm onuts, Academy was active, our Royal Socielse
was
timate channel. In this way of the greatest things of the
age has been partially or wholly lost to us! The intellece
reav
tual triumph clearly belongs to Mr. Adams, with whom all
must profoundly sympathize. Oceanus would have been
his but for the slow and formal technicalities which eur-
round science in this country. He did even more than M.
S promptly as M.
Goatl
Le Verrier, but Mr. Airy, our Astronomer Royal, aid
not so vigorous and eloquent as M. Arago ; and rhe
Royal Society has proved itself no match i'or
the activity of the French Academy, or rather
turn his
astronomertbe
uno
fo
theyß
n
heavens t
esnisr
John Herschel leas,
sit has not appeared on the stage at all : otherwise else
genius of England would have been unequivocally before
that of France, we should have added Oceanus to
n
Uranus, and the name of Adams would have boom
higher than that of Le Verrier, or even of the elder
Herschel himself.
We put the question last week, " What will the Mar-
'
guts of Northampton do ?" When he was first elected
into the Society, in common with other Fellows, ho
subscribed the obligation and promise to " observe the
statutes and orders of the Society " is his own peeson
when he arrived at the Presidential chair, it became his
especial duty " to execute," himself, or," see to the exe-
cution of the statutes" by other persons. It can Agi
proved from the minutes of the society that he bus hi,m-
self hit ringed the statutes, and that during his Preside Icy
the statutes, orders, and royal regulations, have been? 'Et-
bitully broken by those in authority under him. Will he
for the future observe and cause to be observed, the st •
tuts of the society in the letter and spirit ; will he do an 9

INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT.

X P. d
0 10 6

BeaVer Tagßoats, from • •
Chestertelds and Codringtons . •• ' .. .
Pashas, D'Orsays, and Chesterfields, and every description
1 5 0
ofwinter coats • .. ..... • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • . • • . . • • • • • •
Boys' Winter Coats, in every style and make • • •
0 4 6 .• • • • • • • • • 0 8 6
Tweed Trousers, lined • • • .-. • ...... ...... .. • • . • • • • • • • .. •
Dress Coats • • • • • • • • ....... .
Frock Coats.. .
Double-breasted Ye,sts
Boys' Hussar and Tunic Suits • • .. .. • ...... . • • • • • • • • • • • . 0 18 6
Boys' Winter Trousers .. • • • ............ • • • • • .
3 0
.
Mourning to any extent at five minutes' notice.
MADE TO MEASURE.
Winter Coats, warranted waterproof, made to any style,
handsomely trimmed • • • • .......... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 5 0
Milled Cloth Coats, trimmed, velvet collar and cuffs, lined 2 6 0
Tweed Overcoats. • • .......... • • ..........
Tweed Trousers .... ........
Winter Trousers, In all the most approved Freuch patterns 1 2 6
Best Dress Trousers ... ...... ....... ..... ............. 1 6 0
Dress Coats .. • • ......... ....... • . • • • ....... • • • • • • .... 1 12 0
Best quality made
Frock Coats ..... .
Best quality made ................................3 3 0
Fancy Vests .
Satin, plain or fancy . 0 12 0
Boys' Hussar and Tunic Suits • • .. ...... . ..... .. • • .... • • 1 5 0
Observe.—Any article purchased, ready made, or made to mea-
sure, if not approved of, will be exchanged, or if preferred, the
money returned.
E. MOSES and SON, Tailors, Woonendrapers, Clothiers, Hatters,
Hosiers, Furriers, and General Outfitters, for Ladies and Gentlemen,
154, 155, and 156, 157 Minories, and 83, 84, 85, and 86 Aldgate,

The Lerch Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury
having had under their consideration an application, frout
an eminent firm, requestinghthat Prussian books may be
admitted into this country at the reduced rates provided
the treuty of international 'copyright, recently con-
cluded between this country and Prussia, notwithstand
ing that the said books may have been stamped at
Leipsic, and not at a town in Prussia, the Commissioners of
the Customs Department have received a communication
from Mr. Parker, one of the Secretaries to the Treasury,
stating that he has been commanded by their Lordship:
to transmit, for their information, copy of a letter from
the Board of Trade on the subject, and to desire that
they would admit the Prussian books with the stamp of
the Saxon authorities thereon, which have been already
impOrted by the memorialists, at the low rate of duty.
Mr. Parker also intimated to the Commissioners in this
communication that ho had received directions from their
Lordships further to state to them, that their Lordships
concur in the opinions expressed in the Board's report
and in that of the Board of Trade, namely, that books,
published in Prussia and stamped in Saxony, or any
other State which may have acceded to the Convention,
should be treated as Prussian, and view virs4 ; and that it
was their Lordships' desire that the Board would give
the necessary directions to their officers to admit the
same at the duty prescribed by the convention to be
levied upon books published in Prussia, and imported
into this country with the Prussian stamp affixed. The
following is a copy of the letter from the Board of Trade
to the Lords of the Treasury alluded to:—
" Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade,
Whitehall.

amity, Loudon.
Caption.—E. Moses and Son regret being obliged to guard the
public against impostors, but have learned that the untradesman-
like falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern,
has been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons.
They have no connexion with any other house in or out of London;
and those who desire genuine and chel) clothing, &c., should call at,
or send to, Minories and Aldgate, City, London.
Notice.—No business transacted at this establf4hment from sun-
set Friday, till sunset Saturday, when business is resumed till twelve

'clock
The entrance to the fur department is at 83, Aldgate, corner of the
Minories and Aldgate, opposite the church.

none.
Laying aside his predatory habits and mixing more
freely with the people of the low country, the latter, ii.
course Of time, became attracted with his flaunting plaid
as he strutted proudly by, and the looms that were em-
ployed in the weaving of course home-spun, or blankets.
were soon turned to the production of tartan shawls, of
various kinds and qualities. It is, however, only within
these few years that the trade has ramified to such an
extent, and reached our town; and-as it is likely still far-
ther to increase, and may, as it has done already, super-
sede other kinds of the loom's productions, we will give
some account allow it is carried on, in detail, in Stir
lingshire, the principal seat, as yet, of its manufacture.
And here, we may remark, that it is not the native grown
wool which is used. The Cheviot and the sheep of the
far off Australasia are mingled together in the product
of a shawl in Stirlingshire.
The fleece or bail is obtained, it is picked, and often
classified or sorted, as it is termed, into three. It is
spun, dyed and scoured, woven, dressed, or waulked,
necessary, and made fit for the wearer, and all these
processes are performed under the same establishment.
From this, it will be seen at a glance, that those
manufacturers possess a superiority over the Paisley ,
manufacturer, who buy their yarn from the spinner, and
know nothing at all of the first operation of the trade.
We once heard a Stirlingshire manufacturer say, who
had fallen behind with his yarn in consequence of the
fitting up of some new machinery in the room of the
old, that it would be better for him for a little to give ,
his idle weavers a small compensation, and go about,
rather than buy yarn and keep them working. The
motive power of the machines for the most part is
water instead of steam, which was at first doubtless a
great inducement to their location, and unless in the
long droughts of summer the streams afford a plentiful
supply. It is very pure, also quite free of chemical
analysis, and therefore well adapted for dyeing and
scouring. Thousands of gallons pouring down the
dark-winding Carron; or the clear-winding Devon, classic
streams, contribute in this way to a great purpose in
the social economy of life, instead of, as in by-gone
days, wasting themselves in the ocean Firth below, or
at most serving as themes for the hero's wail or the
poet's lute.
Having said so much in respect to the manufacturer,
turn we to the weaver, and we perceive tit a glance the
advantages which he possesses in the working of wool
over the Paisley operative. The whole of the plans are
different. lie glues his own web ; this may be thought
by some no advantage, but it is, as he can size it accord-
ing to the quality of his yarn, and an experienced hand
is, in this operation, very particular. How many excel-
lent warps have we seen in Paisley rendered nearly un-
workable by being too firmly glued, and how many of a
softer texture, that would have required a quantum more.
and might have given to the weaver 3s. or 4s. a-week ad-
ditional wages. In bad weather it is indeed a tantalising
matter to the Stirlingshire operative the glueing of his
gt
web, as the operation is performed in the open air. but
when
lu iteis is
o il n
ogftrlonesehe yarn. Aftersthrough in
d:we
say
about two hours, and the method of dein-, it is the best
calculated
thelhe
an
svotene poundesenit
injury to
boiled,twenty pounds of warp, he makes up a
quantityep-k in tro_
his
suf-
ficient to wet the warp through ; not all at once, this
would be too much, but about the fourth part of it. He
then wrings it out with the assistance of a neighbour,
in the same way that a woman wrings her blanket or
petticoat, it is then stretched at its length along hori-
zontal stakes, a coarse rail is put through it, and when

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE
PORTSMOUTH, Nov. 23.—The Admiralty have issued
an order that no officer in a ship fitting out Is to be
granted any leave. This is a good and stringent regu-
lation if .strictly acted upon, and will prevent young
gentlemen of rank and influence shirking. Work, in which
all- ought duly to share.
An order arrived yesterday for the crew of .the
Vengeance, 84, to be made up to 500, by the addition of
seventy first-class boys. She is taking in her guns, 54,
which will be all the armament sho will be furnished
with at present. She will send the carriages of her
lower ,deck guns ashore to-morrow, and receive her
officers and crew on Thursday. Commander Story has
left the ship, the Admiralty not intending to pat a
commander into her as long as she is not efficiently
manned and armed as a sea-going ship. Lieutenant EL
D. Rogers (1337), late First of the \Volt', 18, on the
China station, is appointed First of the Vengeance, vice
Story, promoted.
The Penelope steam-frigate progresses but very slowly
in her equipment, and no wonder, as, independently of
the very unfavourable indueement held out in f
the matteor
of the station she is intended to be sent upon (coast
Africa), the Admiralty have ordered sixty men less for
her complement than when last in commission upon the
same service.

theSe webs are carefully handled, we have seen them
when taken off, put upon the beam as quickly andwith as
little broken yarn as any cotton warp, this is seldom or
never the case in Paisley. The loom of the north is also
very different to that of ours, the pace or beating
power does not hang as with us, there is on the yarn
beam a row-head just as we have in Paisley on the fore
beam, a string is attached to the clink or hook thereof,
and is led to the front, so that the weaver can ease it
when he pleases wiihout ' leavine• his seat, besides the
beam on which the yarn is, 'a square beam is placed
about 15 inches behind the heddles over which the warp
passes. By this means the ya,rn sustains the least pos-
sible amount ,of friction before it comes to be acted upon
by the reed, lay, and shuttle, which as every weaver,
who is in the least acquainted with wool, knows to be of
the utmost importance. The cloth passes over a beam
of the same description, and is taken'on upon orie below.
This is also an advantage, as it doss notbulk up to alter
the place of action in the reed on its floating on the lay.
Their shuttles, too, are vastly larger, they will take in a
pirn holding a full number of yarn, so that the labour in
this alone is abridged, when they are compared to Pais-
ley shuttles, seven-eights, at least.
It is with these and other advantages rest the reasons
why the wages of the north-country woollen weaver are
superior to those of his Paisley brother for the same
kind of work. The prices per yard are about the same,
but the former will double nearly the latter in quantity,
and with short hours, too, their time being from six,
A.M., till half-past six, with fort)-five minutes fel-
breakfast and as many for dinner ; and although the shop
or factory be open, during these intervals of labour, no
one is permitted to sound his :shuttle on any account.
tutnei:
Thpir wages are good during the busy season, which
to all,
geterally occupies from seven to eight, months in the
fromyear—thateteibser.
Tthhee
remainderbeginning is
sf
s.tairtcht i
intill the
going entirely
it b'ye remarked,
we less au order corncs,to hand, which. is
ecnetritraei,nlyidisuperhiOro
others may be fully employed ; but, let, b
et
on d
the of
so, -
Paisley method of some
may remark that the waers
lc, and many of them who
will run from 15s. to 203. a-weeduri
twaeinsspienakst:ifrifiancgtoshriierse,. andvy We may
alone, or nearly
ng
the busy season,
are very expert will keep up,
—no, Indeed ; on the con-
trary,employers to break the wages—no, does
ms
this 4/ to
in
.mm sometimes more. meourpei.ditNyo()l•
54. the slightestonth, a ndde degree st
of emulation amongst their
up and keep alive a spirit f
workers. They tell them not,un reepaently to keep high
weavers~ tend rather to
st,r
their remarks to the wea
Vie be works with a long
Nor will the weaver—r—i
feel a pride in it.
up on the pay roll, for they
d
stretch, fretting his yarn before itcomestwoitgh,ewsihtuhtthiies,
and making it as frizzley as a sentimental
hanging pace straining the threa , while at the same time
it is yielding, and will not
assist the,heddles
up a course for his shuttles, while these shuttles are so
his labour is
small that in the' changing of pirns alone in opening
increased seven-eights--ever be able to count the wagei
of the northern artisan, be his skill and i , ngenuity 'in
other respects what they may.,
But here we feel we must stop for the present. The
importation of this thriving braneih of our national in •
dustry, which bids fair yet to command customers in the
furthermost quarters of the globe, or.ght to be looked to
by all taking an interest in the prosperity of our town,
with a wistful eye, while men of influence and capital
would do well to turn their attention fully upon it ; nod
sure are we, that while it would prove a source of
wealth to themselves, it would improve the condition of
the operative vastly, who now, poor man, languishes on
6s. or 7s. a week, while they woad reap the reward of
this besides, in a joyous heart, in a conscientious feeling
that they had done something to smooth a rugged path
of life, and mitigate to some extent the catalogues of
human woes.--Glasgow Saturday Post.
P•••••••....•••••

" am-directed by the Lords of the Committee
of Privy Council for Trade to acknowledge the receipt
of your letter, enclosing a report of the Customs on an
application of certain parties for the admission, at the
low duty, of Prussian books, stamped at Leipsic, and I
am to state to you., for the information of the Lordi
Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury, that my Lords
of the Board of Trade are of opinion that the Commis-
sioners of Customs have put a right construction upon
the instructions which have been issued to them with
respect to the admission of Prussian and Saxon books.
The books mentioned in the memorial under notice are
clearly not Saxon books,' because they were not pub-
lished in Saxony, neither are they entitled under the
Convention to be regarded as 'Prussian books,' because,
although published at a town or place within the domi-
nions of Prussia, they have not been duly stamped by
the proper municipal or other authority of such town or
place,' as is required by the sth article of the Conven-
tion. Had they been so stamped,
.and had they thus ac-
quired a perfect Prussian character, they might un-
questionably have claimed admission at the low duty,
although imported from Saxony, and not from Prussia
itself, which is the meaning of the sth article of the
treaty. My Lords are, however, of opinion, that there
would be no objection to allowing books published in
Prussia and stamped in Saxony, or vice versa, to be ad-
mitted at the low rate of duty, and as both the Act of
Parliament and the Orders in Council are perfectly ge•
neral in their terms, they would suggest that the in-
structions which have been issued to the Commissioners
of Customs may safely be modified, and the Commis-
sioners informed that they may treat as Prustiau books
published in Prussia, and stamped in any state which
may have acceded to the Convention; and as Saxon books
published in Saxony, and stamped in any such state.
"I am, &c.
(Signed) " STAFFORD H. NORTHCOTE.
" T. C. E. Trevelyan, Esq."
In pursuance of this order of the Lords of the Trea-
sury, the Commissioners have caused copies of the same
and of the communication from the Board of Trade to
be issued to the principals of the several departments in
London, and the collectors and comptrollers of the out-
ports throughout the United Kingdom, for their informa-
tion and future government in this important matter.

APPOINTMENTS.
Nov. 21.—Sir William S. Wiseman, Bart., commander,
to the Vindictive.
Horatio E. Pritchard, Midshipman, to the Penelope.
Thomas E. Smith, midshipman, to the Vengeance.
Edward A. Pierson, naval cadet, to the St. Vincent.
Charles Andrews, midshipman to the Hibernia.
Rowland Berington, lieutenant, to the Belleisle.
Samuel J. Brickwell, lieutenant, to the Albatross.
William Swinburn, lieutenant (additional), to the
Penelope.
Henry J. Allan, extra clerk, Woolwich-yard.
Thomas Blcnnerhasset Elliott, surgeon and agent at
sick quarters at Kilrush.
Thomas James Barnes, acting assistant. surgeon, to the
Rosamond.
F. W. R. Sadler, assistant-surgeon, to the Royal
Sovereign.
William Hobbs, assistant-surgeon, to the Poictiers.
John Acton, assistant-surgeon, to the Locust.
Charles F. Williams, acting assistant-surgeon, to the
Siren.
James B. Alder, master's-assistant, to the Birken-
head. •
Thomas Parry, gunner, Crocodile.
William Powell, boatswain, to the Crocodile.
Thomas- Barnard, carpenter, to the Crocodile.
Edward R. Dutton, second engineer, to the Birken-
head.
Charles R. Knight, third engineer, to the Birkenhead,
John H. C. Bishop, third engineer, to the Birken.
head.
Thomas May, master's-assistant, to the Caledonia.
Thomas Spark, clerk, to the Crocodile.
Charles Harding, acting gunner, to the President.

CArruitE OF BUItGLARS.-LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.-
To:day four meneGeorge .Martin, John Wright, Miles
Fitzusorris, and James Davis, were brought before Mr.
Rushton, charged with burglariously entering the spirit
vaults of Mr. James: Tracy, corner of Leigh-street,
Parker-street. Two decanters of wine had been drank.
Nothing else was missing. Mary Ann Kirby, a servant,
said she was going to bed between 'twelve and one
o'clock; and saw- four men (whom. she could not identify)
standing at the front- door of Mr. Tracy's vaults. Two
of them appeared to open the lock and went in, while the
other two walked about for a while, and then turned te
Leigh-street, towards the back yard. She caused in-
formation to be given to the police, and Inspector `Savage,
mustering five men, so arranged them as to render.
escape impossible. Davis was found under a table in the
Feathers Hotel, to which he had gained access from a
window in the back yard ; and the ether three prisoners
Were arrested in-the vaults. Several chisels were found,
and it was discovered that an attempt had been made to
break through the wall into a watchmaker's shop. The
prisoners were committed for trial at the sessions.
EXPLOSION OF A STEAM-ENGINE. -'--- On Friday
afternoon last, a locomotive steam-engine employed in
the conveyance of earth, to fill up a valley on the Black-
burn, Damen, and Bolton Railway, at Over Darwete
expleded:frem being overcharged with steam,: and_the
engine-man, a person of the name of Heaviside, was
thrown sixty yards in the air. When he alighted he
was of course dead; his features were :horribly dis-
figured, and could scarcely be recognised. The stoker
was at a distance, but was much Scalded.

DEATII BY DEOWNING.—Last evening an inquest
waa held at Barnes, on the body of Mr. George
Roxburgh Sharp, aged 19, who was drowned on Friday
afternoon by the upsetting of a boat in that part of the
River Thames called the Chiswick Cut. The deceased
was a student at the ' College for Civil Engineers at
Putney, and a very promising young min. He and a
party of fellow-students had gone up the river for recrea-
tion, and in crossing the stream from the Surrey to the
Middlesex side, the swell struck the bow and the boat
was swamped; the decased (who was steering) hiVing
sunk, it is, believed, in consequence of having had on a
heavy pea jacket. Verdict, " Accidental death." The
accident excited a deep feeling in the neighbourhood.
About two years' ago, his brother, like a student in the
same college, was similarly .drowned near the'sanie spot;
and about five years ago, a third brother was drowned
in the East Indies. A sister alone remains of a family
Of four.- The deceased was just about_te leave the col-
lege for-Cambridge 'University.

."`• " Had the facilities of publication been equal to both ; it
is possib!e_thst the pe:#ition of these eminent names (M. Le
Verrier. awl Air. Adan-is) ril74Aht ha.ve been reversed. - Thi }~..e
state with iio other fStlingthan a convictiiin of thaiMp'e r:e,l
machinery of our. Royal Society. We hare announced that
reform is being carried cut, and we know that good 7 .leads
and stout hearts are at work. Facility, regularity ~ and
fregnener of ,publication, will be a great boon. "—L itfrary
Gazette; Oet. al.

PRICE SD.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, Nov. 2 L—The Duke of Leinster has, in the
following brief letter, sent in his resignation of the office
of President of the Royal Agricultural Improvement
Society of Ireland

" Carton, Mayneoth, Nov. 12.
" Sir,—The special general 'meeting of the Royal
Agricultural Improvement Society of Ireland having
yesterday decided to suspend until. April, 1847, the
latter part of the 14th rule of the society, I consider it
will be impossible to prevent matters totally unconnected
with the object of the society from being discussed. I
beg, therefore, to resign the honour of being their Pre-
sident, and request you will have the goodness to inform
the council of my determination.—l am, Sir, your obe-
dient servant,
" Edward Bullen, Esq. " LEINSTER."
This communication was read at the weekly meeting
of the council on Thursday last, when the following re •
solution was adopted :
" That the council have received with much regret
the letter addressed to them by his Grace the Duke or
Leinster, their Noble President, to whose uniform kind
less and co-operation the society are so much indebted,
tnd will lay his letter before the general meeting of the
society, at which the usual election of its officers will
take place ; and they. hope that the constant abstinence
in the meantime from all discussions unconnected with
the objects of the society may prove that his Grace's
-apprehensions will not be Instilled by any departure, on
the part of the society, from the spirit which dictated
the law in question."
Lord Downshire's letter of resignation, addressed to
Hr. Secretary Bullen, was published in the Mail of last
(Friday) night, twenty-four hours after the usual weekly
meeting of the siciety. It is somewhat htrango that no
notice of the fact appears in the printed minutes of the
proceedings.
POPULAR—ARWIENT.

The following appears in the Tkipertiry Vindicator:—
" There is at present, literally speaking, a rage for
are-arms among the humblerciasses of the country people.
The trade in guns, pistols, powder, and shot, is of the
bri,kest of any within several miles of Limerick, Ne.;
nagh, and other localities. The trade is quite a new
one in Nenagh; but since it has been commenced by
one cr two persons it is almost impossible to meet the
demand. In a house in Queen-street, Nenagh, on
Thursday, the crowds were enormous. It was difficult
to enter the door. Groups of eager purchasers sur-
rounded the counter, and others gazed in at the win,
dows, the former supplying themselves with arms, or
getting them repaired, while the owner of a shop, and
an experienced assistant,' somewhat advanced in age,
and the very type of an armourer, had scarcely time to
attend to their customers. The consequence of this is,
that arms are in almost every hand. We believe the
respectable class of farmers perfectly, right in arming
themselves, as their inferiors aro doing so ; but we
cannot see the good that will arise from the indiscri-
minate armament now, going forward. In almost
every district we hear from reports of gunshots are
frequent throughout the day and at night. A gentleman
residing near the Shannon, between Birr and Borriso-
kane, heard several volleys within the last few nights.
Shots have also been heard in the neighbourhood of
Kilcoleman and in other localities. Some of the country
boys cunningly say that they will be all disarmed when
they go to a certain length in the purchase and posses-
sion of firearms, and that just now Government is en-
couraging them. In the latter observation we think them
wrong. We do not believe Government is encouraging
the purchase of arms for a vicious purpose. It would be
horrible to think so; but we do think that this business
cannot end well. A large seizure, we learn, of arms
from an English house, consigned to Ireland, was made
in an English factory last week, and the arms sent to the
Custom-house."
MR. AIORGAN JOHN O'CONNELL.
The Evening Post contradicts the reported appoint-
ment of this gentleman to the office of Poor-law Com-
missioner in the room of Mr. Twisleton, and asserts that
such an arrangement was never contemplated.
THE GALE OF FRIDAY.
The morning papers publish a long list of the casual-
ties of the terrific storm which raged here from Thursday
night up to fire o'clock yesterday evening, when, veering
from S.S.E. to N.N.W. the gale took off, and the night
became quite moderate :
"We have been visited with a most frightful gale of
wind yesterday morning, accompanied with heavy rain.
From about four o'clock until after it blew with extra-
ordinary violence from the south and south-east. The
effect was, as usual, to impound a quantity of water in
Dublin-bay, and this oecarring on the top of the spring
tides had a fearful effect upon the stability of the Dublin
and Kingstown Railway. We are happy to say that the
iniury sustained is but trifling, and none whatever upon
the sea wall or embankmeut. The sea which rolled in
was in the morning terrific—waves breasting the wall,
and the wind sending the surf some 40 or 50 feet high,
shutting out all view of the opposite coast. At Merrion
the water rushed in unbroken across the road, and on
that part of the railway between:Merrion and Williams-
town there were at least from two to three feet of water
on the line. The trains were, from motives of safety,
stopped for about an hour and a half, and afterwards
quarter trains were dispatched to meet the demands upon
the traffic.
" The water enclosed by the sea wall on the sea side,
and the embankment on the south sire, at length forced
its way through two breaches, and deluged the reclaimed
ground between Merrion and BooterAown. Near the
rock an extensive. broach was made, undermining the
road, so that labourers had to be set to work to ballast
up the rails; and make the road passable.
" The inhabitants of Bath-avenue and Bath square
were all intiiidated in their houses, and the operatives of
the Dublin and Kingstown Railway woiks most chival-
rously turned out to the -rescue, and some hundreds of
families were convoyed "by them, wading up to' their
waists in the water, to a place of refuge. One Woman,
with an infant at for breast, and its grandmother, were
amongst the rescued. One of the inhabitants saved his
pigs by putting them into a cask, and guiding it to a
place where the animals were high and dryt he wading
nearly breast-high ;n. the water.
" The breakinei- of the .se3,6vpr the eastern pier was
magnificent, and several ..41%enturous spirits dared to go
to the end arik iew it. One young man, the son of
)ilot, was ariningst them; lie unfortunately sAfferedsol
having been eirrie4 away l2y wave. i
" About too o'cloclif the wind-c 4iiM to the west

Ward, aria tho sea,' though running avtly, was more
moderate.
," This day at t:Nelve o'clock - will be the top of the
springs, and, from' the Moderation of the gale, we may
augur uo further amount of damage, but to the lovers ot
the picturesque an imposing-object will be afforded.
" DUBLIN AND DROGHEDA. RAILWAY.—There were
serious apprehensions about the sea embankments on
this line, but Ass y have stood the test of this violent
storm admiraliy.l..
Duniatilisu HOWTH LlNE.—This branch line has
suffered soma trilling injury near Baldcyle, but a few
hours' wolit will sot all to rights.
r, .
" ALARMING PLODD.—TM. naokning, about half-past
ten o.cmost tremendous tine broke over the wall
on Sant 'stand, commenang at Merrion, Pros-
trating at that'place the stables of Mr. BoUrne, and also
-the walls adjoining the strand read. Such was the force
of the great element that it broke down every barrier
that the inmates ot the several dwellings raised against
it. At Newgrove-avenue the inhabitants suffered most
severely, AS many of them had to fly from their houses,
and seek shelter in the city, leaving their valuable furni-
ture &c., to float on the briny waters. A great portion
of the wall from Sandymount to the Tritonville baths
has given way, and it is much to be feared and regretted
that Mr. Cranfield has sutured severely, as the greater
portion of his property presents a most distressing pie -
ture, being under a complete sheet of water, and all the
walls, &e., adjoining, prostrate. A large gabbard was
floated right over the Dodder bank at Riugsend, and is
now to be seen sailing about on the low grounds of Bath
avenue, where a few days since a fine crop of oats in stack ,
was to be seen.
"There is a rumour that four people have been
drowned-in the neighbourhood in trying to rescue their
property.
The cellars allong the quays were flooded; and great
injury dole to the poor in the vicinity.
" PononELLo GARDENS.—The storm of Thursday
night did great damage in these gardens. The beautiful
panoramic model of -Mount Etna is a complete wreck,
and a great portion of the timber of it is totally de-
destro) e l ; much injury was done to the firework factory
and the fences. Nothing could be more unfortunate for
Mr. Drewett at th present time, whilst he is struggling
against his heavy losses occasioned by the late fire."
STOPPAGE OF A PUBLIC WORK.

In the bi-weekly record of Tipperary pleasantries, a
Nenagh paper mentions the following
" On Tuesday night last the steward employed by the
Board of Public Works on a road at Lou ,horna, within
two miles of this town, shortly after he'had retired to
bed in the house in which he lodged, was fired at when
he had lain down, and the ball passed close over his head,
as if the parties outside knew well the locality within.
A threatening notice was found next morning posted on
the door, threatening the steward with death if he dal
not employ all the persons out of work
not be all. wed in the neighb
to
our-
hoodth,,t unless he did so he would
--
act over the few under his charge. On his making a re-
.pr6sentition to the officers of Public Works in Nenagh,
they very properly ordered the works to be superat2d,
and, conscquetitly thirty persons have been thrown out
of employment. 'We understand that it iS the orders of
Board to suspend any works where oat age is com-
mitted."