The Sun.
London, England, 1846-12-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER l2, 846

of them ; and that we are of opinion that any resolution
adopted by three-fourths of the guardians of a union
should not be disallowed by the Poor-law Commissioners.
That the Poor-law Commissioners have exercised their
power in an arbitrary manner in many i stances in this
union, and that we are of opinion that there should be a
separate Commissioner or board of supervisionfor Ire-
land, composed of men acquainted with her local cir-
cumstances, and the characters and habits of her people.
That the provisions for charging each electoral divi-
sion with the expenses of the poor have proved unjust,
uneqnal, and oppresive; and that all the expenses of the
workhouse should be borne by a uniform rate upon the
whole union.

That it is manifestly unjust that landlords deriving
rents from lands or buildings used for public or cha-
ritable purposes should be exempt from payment of poor
rate, and that such landlords should be rated in propor-
tion to their rents or profits arising from such lands or
buildings.
That the defective state of the laws for the support of
deserted children in Dublin, so often in vain pressed on
the attention of the Irish Government, requires imme-
diate amendment; and that we are of opinion that pro-
vision should be made from the poor rate for the main-
tenance and support of such children, with nurses, in the
country.
That we are of opinion that it would conduce to the
better working of the Poor-law to dispense with ex officio
guardians, an have the management of workhouses
placed wholly under the control of elective guardians.
That the present system of Poor-law election is ex-
tremely defective, there being no adequate check on the
creation of fraudulent or fictitious claims and proxies;
and the collection of voting papers gives an undue ad-
vantage to one party to become acquainted with the
votes given, which might be obviated by the votes being
returned on sealed papers.
That this union is unfairly burdened with the numbers
of destitute poor sent back from England, an industrial
residence of several years there giving them no claim
for support there, while the mere fact of their landing
at the North Wall is deemed sufficient for charging them
to the North Dublin Union.
That we have reason to know that landlords refuse in
many instances to allow their tenants their proportion of
poor rates on payment of their rents, and that we are
of opinion that the landlord's franchise, as a Poor-law
elector, should be made dependent on his having allowed
the poor-rate to his tenant.
That we are of opinion that the principal expenses of
hospitals and dispensaries should be charged upon the
poor-rates; that those institutions should be placed under
the management of committees appointed by the
guardians, encouraging at the same time private
subscriptions, by giving subscribers a share in their ma-
nagement and superintendence.
That evidence should be given to the Lords Committee
on these subjects. (Sign,ai)
RICHARD O'GORMAN, Chairman,
D. F. BRADY,
Committee.
ROBERT MULLER,
P. D. HARDY,
Received, approved, and adopted,
(Signed) D. DEACON, Clerk of the Union.
March 4, 1846.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
(Before Vice-Chancellor Sir J- K. Baucx.)
EX PARTE HUMANITY FRIENDLY SOCIETY.

This was a petition in the above cause on the part o 1
the present trustees against the late trustees, to compel
them to act in conformity with certain resolutions that
had been agreed to at a general meeting of the share-
holders.

It appears that in consequence of some dissatisfaction,
the meeting was subsequently held on the 7th of August,
and was adjourned until the 20th of the same month, and
it was unanimously agreed at that meeting that new
trustees should be elected. A meeting was then held on
the sth of October last, when it was resolved that im-
mediately such election was made those persons who
then acted as trustees, as well as the treasurer, should
hand over all property and effects they held, ex
officio, to the trustees appointed by the subscribers.
The defendants refused to accede to the resolution in
question, and alleged that the same had not been
taken by ballot, and that the proceedings were in
other respects informal. The Act of Parliament
was to the effect that when a majority of sub-
scribers decided upon changing the trustees, that those
who then held trust should give up the funds in their
hands to those who should be appointed to succeed
them. Due notice had been given, and all the requisi-
tions of law had been complied with. The petition also
prayed for the costs of a former petition in the suit.
Mr. Russell and another counsel appeared fur the
petitioners, and Mr. Wigram for respondents.
His HoNoun deferred judgment.

COURT OF QUEEN'S BEIVCH, Dec. 11.

CONSPIRACY.-THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL V. JAMES
BUTTON AND OTHERS.

(Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yesterday.)
The Learned JUDGE summed up the evidence, and ex-
plained the law to the jury. He said it was for them to
say whether the three defendants, or any two, or even one
of them, were guilty of the charges imputed to them.
They could find one of them guilty, because one might
conspire with other persons not named in the indictment.
The jury, after a short consultation, found all the de-
fendants guilty of the conspiracy imputed to them.
Corduroy was recommended to mercy by the jury on
account of the example set him by the Buttons, al-
though they entertained no doubt of his delinquency.
The defendants will not receive the sentence of the
Court until next term.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, Dec. 11.

LIMB V. LAMBERT.-LIABILITY OF PROVISIONAL COM•

MITTEEMEN.

This was an action brought to recover the sum of
271. 6s. for advertisements inserted in the Sunday Times
newspaper.
The defendant was a member of the provisional com-
mittee of the Jamaica Southern, Eastern, and Northern
Railway.
Mr. Martin appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Hum-
frey for the defendant.
On the part of the plaintiff witnesses were called, who
proved the consent of the defendant to become a pro-
visional committeeman, also the attendance of the defen-
dant upon numerous occasions at the various meetings of
the committee, when the order was given to the secretary
to advertise the company. Evidence was also given of
the order from the secretary to Mr. Dixon, an adver-
tising agent, to insert advertisements in the Sunday
Times.

Mr. Aguillar, the secretary of the company, was called
and said, that the scheme of the company originated
with him, and that he demanded the sum of 15,000/ for
the company, on the ground that the company was his
own. The sum of 15,0001. was a very small one to get
for the sale of a company.
The LORD CHIEF BARON having summed up, the jury
returned a verdict for the amount claimed.

LIABILITY OF RAILWAY PROMOTERS.-DOUGLAS v. SMITH.

In this case Mr. Humphrey appeared for the plaintiff,
and Mr. Martin for the defendant.

The action was brought by Jane Douglas, a laun-
dress, who was employed by a parson of the name of
Campbell, as housekeeper, to take care of a house in
Mansion-house-place, where the defendant and others
carried on business in connexion with a railway pro-
jected by the defendant.
The defendant pleaded that he was not liable, or if so,
that he was only jointly liable with three others.
It appeared that in consequence of a representation
made to the defendant by Campbell and two others,
he entered into an arrangement, by which they
jointly and severally agreed to bear the ex-
penses attendant upon the projection of the Tours and
Ilonfleur Railway, and the plaintiff was engaged to at-
tend to the office by Mr. Campbell, whose laundress she
then was, and still is. She had applied to Campbell for
the payment of her wages, and he had referred her to
the defendant.

A verdict was accordingly returned for the plaintiff-
Damages 171. 2s.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, Dec. 11.

WOODS V. HARDING.-TIIE LEICESTER AND SHREWSBURY

DIRECT RAILWAY.

This was an action brought by the proprietor of the
Wolverhampton Chronicle to recover from the defendant,
Mr. William Harding, a provisional director of the
Leicester and Shrewsbury Direct Railway Company, the
sum of 271., for the insertion of the company's prospectus
in the newspaper. The plaintiff selected the defendant
from whom to recover the amount, he being a gentle-
man well known, a solicitor, residing in the Potteries,
Staffordshire, and the coroner of the county.
Mr. MARSHAM opened the case, stating that this ac-
tion differed from many others in which provisional di-
rectors had been called to account, as he should prove
that the defendant had taken an active part in the bu-
siness of the company. _

Air. Turner, one of the solicitors of the company,
proved that the defendant had requested his name to be
placed in the list of provisional directors. The pros-
pectus, immediately afterwards published, contained the
defendant's name. It appeared in all the prospectuses
published. It was arranged at the time the defendant
called about being a provisional director, that his nephew
should be appointed one of the local agents. A sub-
sequent meeting of the provisional directors was held at
the company's offices, Finsbury-place, on the 4th of
November, at which the defendant was present, having
come to London expressly to attend. A managing
committee was appointed at that time, and instructions
were given as to advertising the prospectuses in the
newspapers. The witness in consequence of his in-
structions caused the prospectus to be inserted in the
Wolverhampton Chronicle among other newspapers.
Further evidence was called to prove the order given
for the insertion of the prospectus, aad the number of
times it appeared.
Under the direction of the LORD CHIEF JUSTICE,

The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for 191. ;
being the amount due for the advertisements inserted
after the meeting on the 4th of November, when the
defendant took an active part in the concern.
At the suggestion of counsel,
___ ._ _

His LORDS'EIIP agreed to certify that it was a proper
case to be tried, as several other causes of a heavier
nature would depend upon it.

WINTER ASSIZES.

NORTHERN CllrCUlT.—Liverpool, Dec. 10.
(Before Mr. Justice WIGHTMAN.)

James Hunter was indicted for the wilful murder of
Charles Winslow, at Liverpool, on the 23d of November
last, by stabbing him with a knife.
Mr. Blair conducted the prosecution ; Mr. James ap-
peared for the defence.
It appeared that on the night on which this occurrence
took place, about half past 12 o'clock, the deceased, with
two persons called Bryan and Marley, all sailors, were
at a public-house at the corner of a lane, called Crooked-
lane, in the neighbourhood of the Liverpool Custom.
house. They were all somewhat in liquor, but were, it
was alleged, sufficiently sober to know what they were
about. On leaving the public-house they walked down
to the corner of Canning-place, lacing the Custom-house,
and proceeded along Canning-place towards South
Castle-street. In so doing they passed the end of a lane
called Litherland-alley, running into Canning place.
At the end of the lane they saw two men standing,
haring the appearance of sailors. The deceased was a
little in advance of his companions, and between him and
these two men some angry words took place. Bryan and
Marley asked him to come away, but he made no answer

to them, and went upLitheiland•alley with the two

strangers, the dispute still continuing. Bryan then went on
towards Castle-street, and Marley remained some time
at the end of the lane. He heard a noi:e of quarrelling
in the direction in which the deceased had gone, but
from the darkness he was unable to see what took
place. At this moment a person of the name of Seymour,
a private watchman, came to the end of the lane, and,
hearing the noise, went up it, knocking with his staff on
the ground to intimate his presence. A number of men
and women, who had been fighting and quarrelling in the
lane, came down, meeting him, and passing him going
into Canning-place. lle was then nine or ten yards up
the lane. ‘Vhen they passed him he then saw the de-
ceased about the place where the quarrelling and fight-
ing had been going on. He was then proceeding up the
lane, and there was no other person there. The deceased
had gone but a short way further up, when a person,
whom the witness swore was the prisoner, came towards
him from the head of the lane. The prisoner struck the
deceased in the belly, but the witness could not see
whether or no he had anything in his hand. The deceased
immediately cried out, "Oh my God," and turning,
ran back to Canning-place, and on to Castle-
street. He then overtook Marley. The deceased
was then in a stooping position, holding his hand
to his belly. He called out, " Oh, Nick, Nick,
find a doctor's shop ; there's a knife stuck in my belly."
Some police-officers came up and took him into their
care. The witness Seymour, who saw the blow struck,
had followed the deceased for the purpose of ascertain-
ing whether he had sustained any injury. He imme-
diately returned to Litherland-alley with two of the con-
stables, and at the upper part of the alley he found the
prisoner leaning against the rails of an area. He took

him into custody, and stated to him that he was
charged with stabbing a man. The prisoner said he saw
no man, and knew nothing about it. The officers then
felt outside of his clothes to asc..-rtain if he had got a
knife, but did not find one. He said he bad left his
knife on board his ship. On searching him, however,
more minutely at the Bridewell a large clasp knife was
found in his jacket pocket.
On the officers taking the prisoner to Castle-street,
where the deceased was, the latter immediately iden-
tified him as the person by whom he had been stabbed.
The deceased was conveyed to the hospital, when it
was found that he had received a wound just below the
navel, from which the bovi els protruded. The medical
attendant replaced th€m, and the deceased, who was
very faint, rallied a little. He again sank, however, and
died on the morning of the following day. On a post
mortem examination it was found that the epigastric
artery had been wounded, and the internal hemorrhage
which resulted had caused his death.
His depositions had been duly taken the morning after
he received the injury, and he then stated that he had

met two men at the foot of Litherland-alley, who had.
some words with one of his companions. One of these
men was the prisoner. He, the deceased, walked on up
the alley, when the prisoner followed him, and thrust a
knife into his belly.

It appeared from the statement of Seymour, that
though the lower end of the lane was dark, there was a
gaslight over the door of a public-house a few yards be -
yond the spot where the blow was struck, which gave
him a good view of the prisoner, and enabled him to
swear positively to his identity.
Mr. JAMES addressed the jury for the defence, con-
tending that the evidence of the identity was not such es
the jury could rely upon. The lane was dark, the person
was seen but for a moment, and under the disadvan-
tageous circumstance of the light, such as it was, being
at his back, and throwing his countenance into shade•
The mistakes so frequently made in cases where the
matter in question was the personal identity of the pri-
soner were sufficient to induce the jury to distrust testi-
mony, however positive, founded on such imperfect
means of knowledge. The supposed corroboration of
the deceased was hardly any corroboration at all. He
was in pain, weak, and suffering, and was likely, under
the circumstances, not to have the accuracy of recol-
lection and that clearness of mind which would enable
them to rely on his testimony. By the mode, too, in
which the testimony was taken, the prisoner was de-
prived of the benefit of a cross-examination, which might
possibly have elicited facts which would sati,fy the jury
that his evidence was to be distrusted. The Learned
Counsel, after commenting on the other facts of the case
bearing on this point, urged that by whomsoever the
offence had been committed, it would not amount at ad
events to more than manslaughter. It was clear there
had been a fight and quarrel, in which the deceased had
been engaged, and the jury might reasonably infer that
blows had been exchanged under the irritation arising
from which the wound had been inflicted upon the person
of the deceased.

His LORDSHIP summed up, and the jury after some
deliberation returned a verdict of Guilty of manslaughter.
His LORDSHIP addressed the prisoner, stating that the
jury had taken a very merciful view of the case, but
that his offence at all events was but a shade below the
offence of murder. It was necessary by severe example
to repress the use of such deadly weapons i❑ the case
of sudden quarrels, a practice now too common in this
country.
To be transported for life.
William .Hornby was indicted for killing and slaying
George Lockley.

The prisoner, it appeared, was employed as engineer
in the management of a steam-engine at the railway now
i❑ course of formation at Walton, in the neighbourhood
of Liverpool. This engine is used to draw up the skips
from the shafts which have been sunk to form a tunnel.
In these skips the persons employed ascend and descend,
'rhe engineer, on a signal being given by the person at
the top of the shaft, sets the engine to work. If rubbish
or stones are coming up, the banksman," as he is
called, waves his hand. If men are ascending he waves
his hat. On this occasion the deceased and tour other
men were in the skip, coming up to their dinner. The
banksman waved his hat, and the engine was set to work.
It was about one hundred yards from the mouth of the
pit, and the engineer had an aperture in the engine-
house, from which he ought to have kept a look-out to
see when the skip came to the surface. There was also
a mark on the rope by which he was able to ascertain
when it was necessary to stop the engine. On this
occasion the engine was not duly stopped ; the skip con-
tinued to ascend until it came in contact with the pulley-
block, and the deceased was thrown out by the concus-
sion. Fortunately the banksman had drawn the " table,"
on which the skips are lowered, over the mouth of the
pit, and the deceased did not fall to the bottom. He
fell, however, a distance of about six yards on the table,
and was seriously injured. His skull was fractured and
his side injured. He lingered for about a month, and
then died.

From the cross-examination of Mr. Atkinson, for the
prisoner, however, there appeared a reasonable ground
for believing that the mischief might have been caused
in some degree by accident. The prisoner had left the
spot where it was his duty to be for the purpose of feed-
ing the boiter, and on resuming his place for the purpose
of putting his foot on the lever which works the break,
his foo slipped, and the engine in consequence went on
a little longer than it should have done.
Verdict—Not Guilty.
Nothing of public interest occurred in th• other Court

LORD RADNOR ON LABOURERS'

WAGES.

At the Farringdon Agricultural meeting last week,
Lord Radnor said:—

There were some labourers on his estate receiving lOs.
a week, and some less than that: they were paid accord-
ing to their services, and on no other ground whatever.
—(Hear, hear.) That he contended to be the true
principle—it was a principle upon which men acted on
every subject, and it was the only way by which to do
the labourer justice. He maintained that paying men
according to their services was really and truly the only
way to make a labourer perfectly independent.---(Hear.)
In consequence of acting upon the principle of regulating
wages according to the price of corn, the indolent and
idle would be paid more than the ixtive. industrious and
useful man.—(Cries of "Hear, hear.") Nor was it to be
said that the wages of the labourer should be such as to
meet his wants. He denied that they depended on his
wants : they depended on meritorious labour. If they
depended on his wants, he wished to know who was to
fix his wants ? They must be fixed either by the em-
ployer or the man himself. It his wants were to be fixed
by the man himself, he would say, " I want a piece of
roast beef for my dinner every day ; and un-
less I hare this and good clothes I shall not
be satisfied." That, of course, was out of the
queFtion. Os. the other hand, if his wants were to be
fixed by his employer, who was the stronger man of the
two, the probability was that the labourer would be re-
duced to the lowest possible point at which man could keep
body and soul together ; and would become snore like
the Irish than the English labourer. That would be the
result of paying not according to services rendered, but
according to the supposed wants of the labourer. It had
been stated that this was a most cruel, harsh, and un-
charitable mode of acting towards the labourer. Charity
was a different thing to the payment of labour. He did
not object to charity if it was not given in the shape
ofwa!es; if aman wish to be charitable let him freely
give it out of his own pocket.—(Cheers.) In the opinion
that the payment of wages according to supposed wants
was most degrading to the labourer, and would reduce
him to a condition very little better than that of a slave,
he was borne out by the late Rev. Dr. Arnold, to whom
the improvement of the working classes was an
object more p, T
r, ec ihe ou sthan
principlea n y
u f otherru making
in k
ituhge wuopr d .
wanesD r.
Arnold, in a letter .to the editor of a Sheffield
opuapte of th
r sai:_c:l,poor-rates (alluding to the old practice) is,
in fact, under the mask o f kindness to the poor, one of
the most degrading systems of oppression. When they
are paid, not according to their industry and skill, but
according to their wants—when, for the same species of
labour, one man receives only one-half the weekly wages
of another, not because his work is worth less, but be.
cause ho is a single man, we are so far advanced towards
a state of slavery. The slave, like one of the domestic
servants, being one of his master's property, receives,
whether the profits of his labour be small or great, as
much, and only asm%h, as is sufficient to support him
in tolerable condition. He wished to impress forcibly
on th© minds of the farmers of England, that their prin-
cipal object ought to be to make the labourers indepen-
dent, and they could only make them independent by
giving them wages, not according to the price of corn—
not according to supposed wants—but according to the
work they had done.—(llear.)—Devizes Gazette.

BANK OF ENGLAND.
(From last Night's Gazette.)
In Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth of Victoria, cap. 32, tor
the Week ending on Saturday, the sth day of December, 1846.
ISSUE DEPARTMENT.
X.
gotes issued ........ 28,259,10 S

Government debt • • 11,015,10(
Other securities •• • • '2,984,900
Gold coin and bullion 11,762,647
Silver bulliox ••• • • • 2,506,458

X 28,269,105

25,169,1 M. MARSHALL, Ckief Cashier.os
Dated the 10th day of December, 1846.

FLANDERS MAIL.

BRUSSELS, DEC. B.—The average price of wheat in
the week ending, Saturday, sth December, was 26f. 48c ,
and that of rye 21f. 33c. These prices show a decrease
of 12c. on rye per hectolitre compared with those of
the preceding week.
The Chamber of Representatives, at the commence-
ment of this day's sitting, received from M. de Garcia
the report of the Central Section on the budget of the
war department. The Chamber deferred the discussion
to another opportunity. The Chamber then commenced
the discussion of the budget of ways and means. An
amendment of M. Eloy de Burdelle, who proposed to
lay on foreign sugar the duty of three additional
centimes, was not adopted. M. Rodenbach renewed,
on occasion of the article relative to the duties on spi-
rituous liquors, the objection which he has frequently
made to the injurious way in which that duty falls on th,..
petty retailer. His observations were supported by M
Verlayen, but the Minister declared that it was impos-
sible to comply with them.
The sitting was concluded by the observations of seve-
ral Members on the necessity of raising the tariffs of the
tolls. The Minister of Finance assured them that it
was impossible, on account of the multiplicity of duties
which must be considered in order to draw up a project
of law for such a revisal. "It is a useful labour," said
the Minister, " which can only be introduced gradually,
and I shall propose in a few days a project of law for the
revisal of the tariffs of the tolls on the Lower Sombre."

At the commencement of the sitting M. Delelaye and
M. Rodenbach warmly insisted on the urgent necessity
of the vote of 1,200,000 francs for the immediate relief
of the prevailing distress. It appears that the Central
Section will propose to augment the vote of credit to
1,500,000 francs.

M. Nothomb, the Minister Plenipotentiary at Ber-
lin, arrivr'd at Brussels, and was to day in his place in
the Chamber.

A ♦ery deplorable event—a real drama in two acts,
with a most tragical termination—took place yesterday
in this city. Two women were going to enter the
church of Finnisterre very early in the morning, when
a discharge of fire-arms was heard, and at the same
moment a man ran away at full speed. He had just
fired a pistol almost point blank at one of the women.
Providentially the assassin had failed in his object. The
shot was intended for his wife, who was going to the
church with her sister; the bullet only grazed the bonnet
of her sister-in-law, and just touched her hair. The
author of this criminal attempt stopped at some distance
at the corner of a street, and there madly blew
out his own brains, and instantly expired. We
have inquired into the causes which induced this
man to commit this double crime. We have learned the
following particulars :—ln consequence of a deeply-
rooted animosity the wife had applied for a divorce, the
proceedings had been commenced, and the witnesses
were to appear yesterday before the magistrate, to give
their evidence of the facts brought forward in slpport of
the application for a divorce. The melancholy event
which we have just recorded has put an end to this un-
happy matrimonial conflict in so suddea and deplorable
a manner.

TRIESTE, Nov. 30.—Lloyd's steamer, the Impertore,
which left here on the 20th, encountered very stormy
weather, and near the Punta Grossa its machinery sus-
tained injury, which induced the captain to return to
Trieste, which he reached yesterday. The passengers,
goods, &c., will be conveyed to Alexandria in another
steamer.

VIENNA, DEC. I.—Prince Metternich has been seri
ously ill for some weeks past with feverish excitements,
frequently interrupted by a complete prostration, which
prevents his lying in bed, and obliges him to pass whole
nights on his couch. When these attacks come on the
Prince is often heard to say, " If Igo to bed I shall
never rise again."
VIENNA, DEC. 2.—His Royal Highness the Grand
Duke Alexander left this city yesterday at half past
eight, to return to St. Petersburgh. The object of his
visit was to condole with the Grand Duchess Helene, on
the part of the Emperor, on the death of the Grand
Duchess Maria. The Grand Duchess Helene has been
indisposed for some days past. Twelve Russians
(Tscherkessen) have arrived here, who are to convey
the mortal remains of the Grand Duchess Maria to St.
Petersburgh.

DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTEIALM, DEC. 8.
Money. Bills
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent.... • 594 593
Ditto, 3 per Cent •• ..
Ditto, 4 per Cent................... 924923
Amort Syndic, 35% per Cent BB
Commercial Company, 4% per Cent • • 175 176
East India Loan, 4 per Cent
Exchange on London, at sight •••• .. .. 12 05
Two months....• • • • • 18 97
On Hamburgh, at sight • 35 50
Two months.• •
On Paris • ••••••• • • • • • • •
Two months. ........
—Dutch Papers. Dec. 9.
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, DEC. 5.
Bills. Money.
St. Schuld Sch., 3% per Cent ••. • • . •• • • 93 92%
Truss. English Bonds, 1830, 4 per Cent......—
Foreign Exchanges.... • ... • . • • • .• • • • • • .
Exchange on London, £1 Sterling, 3 Months.
BELGIAN FUNDS.—BICSSELS, DEC. 2.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent ••••• • • • • • •.•
Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent •••• .. • •
Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent
Ditto Three per Cent.. ••••• • • • • •
Ditto Thirty-seven Millions, ditto ......
Ditto, ditto, 1840 .• •••••• • • • • • • • • •• . 99%
Ditto, ditto, 1842 ••••• • • • • • 101%
Ditto, 1844. 97%
Ditto of the City, 1832 .. ••.• • • ••• • • • WO%
Bank oftielgium ............ ..... 925
—Brussels Papers, Des. 1.

AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VizziNA, DEC. 1.
5 per Cent. Metalllquee. ••••• • • • • ••• • • • 10S%
4 per Cent. ditto • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 99%
3 per Cent. ditto •••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • 72
Loan, 1834 .• ..... ............• •• •• • • .. 156
Ditto, 1839 .• •••••• • • •• • • •.•• • • • • 120 V,,
Bank Shares • • • . • • • • .• •• 1570
Estfahazy's Loan .....................
RAILWAYS.
The Northern, or Ferdinand •••• •• • • • . . 17514
Gloggnitz ••• • • • ••••• • • • . • ..... ••• • • • • • 129
Vienna—Milan • • • • • • • •• • • . • • • • • • • • . • • 109 IA
Sienna • •••••. • • • • . ........ ........ 74
Oldenburg
Pesth Bridge ..................
Apenninen ..
Zeltung. Dec. 4.

6 227,

POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
A lecture on agricultural draining was delivered yester-
day at this establishment, by Dr. Bullock Webster, illus-
trated by a number of tiles, pipes, and other means for
drawing off from the surface water which now generally
impedes the fertility of a large portion of the soil of the
United Kingdom.
In the course of his observations, the lecturer insisted
on the folly of deep draining, especially on strong and
tenacious soils. His impression was, that a
drain of four or five feet in depth was
quite sufficient to render the land within
twenty feet on either side of it sufficiently dry to
fit it for the best crops. He insisted especially on the
advisability of filling up whatever excavations might be
made with porus stuff instead of with the orignal soil.
The small pipes lately employed were, in Dr. Webster's
opinion, totally useless for anything like an effectual
drainage, for their joints might be dislocated either by
the contraction or by the upheaving of a clay soil, and,
in his opinion, the better plan would he to substitute a
pipe of one-and-a-half by two-and-a-half inches, divided
longitudinally, so that the upper half of the pipe might
be placed midway over the joints of the lower half, and
thus dislocation would be altogether prevented, and the
water allowed free course. The best system of drainage
is that which allows the superffib,us water to be drawn off,
and secures the whole of the ammonia and other nutri-
tious qualities of the moisture w hich falls from the clouds.
By the use of a proper tile that would be effected.
The Romans made open water courses, and then
laid in them bones, horns, and bushes, but all these
substances are subject to decay and require renewal,
while, on the other hand, for an extra expense of
about 10s., an acre effective tiles might be obtained. In
some parts of the country peat is used as well as bushes,
and the lecturer would allow that, where the landlord
would not permit tile draining, either might be a good
substitute. Again, in other parts, fir poles, and
heath, and stones, are used, and though any of these
might do where the work was well done, they are all
objectionable ; stone drainage especially, though the best
of the three, is, in Dr. Webster's opinion, more expensive
than tiles. One great obstacle also, which is experienced
by tenant-farmers, arises from the presence of ash trees,
which are apt to thrust their roots into the drains and stop
them. At the request of the Duke of Richmond, thelecturer exhibited part of the root of an ash tree, about
the size of a man's arm, which he had taken kind,
of
his
Grace drain at Strathfieldsaye. An evil of such a
t;
ci ae sidest
of
rt
ah
snake's
t ad ;k
effi,
every ash tree upon every estate in the kingdom. d
lei 'yet
epl the deposit
exhibited
dheriapbtoistseiadt n
do f 0
tehact: r-
Grace conceived, is only to be remediedgabcyroeuxnTtirolcea.re:h,iges
also a great objection to irhornoupgiheetsh,eo deposits
of
car-
bonatesame tendency to fill np t
pieces
andthen One
end •f a portion of iron pipe, bend
stlillemintahiptip:teglebarmnl'isisai'lcvselliwu,elaf:nlledpxtiritnseevnakelsl his consultations with
euityiosf itruonc;utanuduttothgeivbee-at
thpel
them together, so as
mouth. to both
appearance
nv
vermin. Be was led to make this observation from
having seen t
car-
boniferous
on Sir
Robert Peel's estate at Drayton.
the various forms of tiles used for
drainage, the lecturer observed that no one plan could be
adopted for every country, for the nature of the subsoil
is in every respect to be considered; but in all the books
the most eminent men in different parts of the coun-
try, he found that deep draining in stiff soils is always
injudicious. The lecturer had a numerous and attentive
audience, and was loudly and repeatedly cheered
through-
out his observations.
that
had

• „
A Paw THINGS TO AVOID.—A bottle of wine at a
public dinner ; a short cut when you are in a hurry ;
metaphysics at five o'clock in the morning ; walking
between two umbrellas on a pouring wet day ; a man
who carries bill-stamps in his pocketbook ; " just an-
other glass before you go ;" taking a pocket telescope
or oranges to the Opera, or asking for a bill of the pla) ;
sitting next to the orchestra when they are playing one
of llalevy's light operas ; going into a church without a
shilling ; being the mediator of a quarrel between a man
and his wife ; bowing to a lady from the top of an om
nibus ; and taking a new hat to an evening party.—
Almanack of the Month.
The officers of the Cape Mounted Riflemen are
about to erect a monument over the grave of their
brother officer, Captain Sands, who was hided by a body
of Kafir. while riding alone from Victoria Tuwn, but
not before he had either slain or wounded ten of their
number.

We understand that Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Gas-
pard le Marchant will succeed the Hon. Frederick Bruce
as Lieutenant• Governor of Newfoundland. Sir Gaspard
is at present in command of the BSth Light Infantry at
Limerick.— Times.

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, DECEMBER 11.
STOCK ExcmANGE.—The sales are—Bristol and Exeter,
New, 73/4—Caledonian, New, 21. 3s. 9d.—Great Western,
Fifths, 301/2—Midland, New, 6%—Ditto, 6 per Cent. Bir-
mingham and Gloucester, 129—Shrewsbury and Birmingham,
1% p.—York and Newcastle, Preference, 5 p.
LIVERPOOL, DECEMBER 11.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Chester and Birken-
head, Halves, 25%—Ditto, 201. Shares, % p.—East Lanca-
shire, New (Nos. 1 and 2), 314 p.—Ditto, New (scrip), 1%
p.—London and North-Western, 193—Ditto, Quarters, New,
13 p.—Manchester and Leeds Fifths, 5% p.—Ditto (late
L. and B. ), 4 p.—Midland, 125—Newcastle and Carlisle,
1131,4—North British, Quarters, 2% p.—Ditto, Thirds, 2%
p.—North Union (B), 155—Preston and Wyre Halves (B).
1% p.—Runcorn Gap, 25—South-Eastern and Dover, New,
No. 4, % p,—York and Newcastle, New, 5 p.—York and
Selby, New, 25/. Shares, 10 p.—Belfast and Ballymena, 6%
dis.—Caledonian, Halves, 1% dis.—Ditto, Guaranteed, 14 p.—
Great Grimsby and Sheffield, 4 dis.—Ditto Extension, 1 9.16
—Leeds and Dewsbury, 11 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, 2u dis.—
North V%, ales Mineral, 1% dis.—Ditto, New, 1-16 dis.—Am-
bergate and Eastern Junction, par—Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire Junction, 1 p.—Birmingham and Oxford Junc-
tion, 63jn p.—Buckingharnshire, 14. dis—Glasgow and Dum-
fries, 114 p.—Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junc-
tion, 3-16 dis.—Newport, Hereford, and Abergavenny, 114
dis.—Newry and Warrenpoint, 3% p.—North Staffordshire,
p.—North- Western, % p.—Shrewsbury and Hereford-
shire, 14 dis.—Shrewsbury and Birmingham (A), 1% p.—
Ditto ( B), 1 p.—West Riding Union, 1 11-16 p.—Dutch
Rhenish, 114 dis.—Great Luxembourg, 314 dis.
MANCHESTER, DECEMBER 11.

STOCK EXCHANGE. —The sales are—Ambergate, Notting-
ham and Boston, % dis.—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and
Cheshire Junction, 1% p.— Eastern Counties, York Exten-
sion, 15% p.—East Lancashire, New (scrip), 1 7-16 p.—
East Lincolnshire, p. —Fleetwood, Preston, and West
Riding, 4 c. dis.—Glasgow and Dumfries, 1% p.—Great
Grimsby and Sheffiield, 4 c. dis.—Ditto, Extension, 1 7-16
dis.—Leeds and Thirsk, ['referential, 3/4 p.—Leeds, Dews-
bury, and Manchester, 9% c.—Ditto, Extension (green),
1 3-16 c. p.—Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junc-
tion, 14 dis.—London, Manchester, and Birmingham, 75- -
London and York, dis.—Manchester and Leeds Ex-
tension, 1 p.—Ditto, Halves (late Liverpool and Bury), 4%
p.—North British Extension, % p.—North Staffordshire, 3/4
p.—North-Western, p.—Oldham Alliance, % p.—Shel-
field and Lincolnshire, 14-16 dis.—Sheffield and Manchester,
Quarters, No. 3, A 3 dis.—Shropshire Union, s dis.— South-
Eastern. and Dover, No. 3,1% p.—Ditto, No. 4, IA p.—
West Lancashire Coast, 1,4 c. dis.—West Riding Union,
1 1-16 p. _ _

LEEDS, DECEMBER 11.

STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—East Lancashire, 414. p.
c. n.—Ditto, New, 3% p.—Ditto, New Scrip, 1% p.—Cilas
gow and Dumfries,2ls. p.—Huddersfield and Manchester, 3%
p.—Ditto, Thirds, 1% p.—Leeds and Dewsbury, Half Shares,
6% p. c. n.—Ditto, Extensions (green), 21s. 6d.—Leeds and
Thirsk, 21 dis. c. n.—Ditto, New, par c. n.—Ditto, Pre-
ference, 19s. p.— Melton and Driffield Junction, 21s. p.—Man-
chester and Leeds, Half Shares (late Huddersfield and Shef-
field), 4M p.—North British Extension (scrip), 18s. p.—
North St.ffordsbire, 3 5-16 p.—North- Western, 7s. 6d. c. p.
—Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole, 158. p.—Wharfdale Junc-
tion, 9s. n. dis.—York and Newcastle, Preference, p.—
Ambergate, Nottingham, and Boston, 3s. dis.—Leeds, Wake-
field, and Midland, lls. 6d. dis.—Northern Counties Union,
295. dis.—West Riding Union, 3/. 16s.
SHEFFIELD, DICCEMBSR 11.

STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Ambergate, Notting-
ham, and Boston, 3s. 6d. dis.—Great Grimsby and Sheffield,
4/. dis.—Huddersfield and Manchester, 44 p.—Midland,
New, 418 p.—North-Western, Bs. 6d. p.—Sheffield and Lin-
coln, 17s. dis.—Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole, 14s. p.—
West Riding Union_,_
liL p.
hiL, DECEMBER 11.

STOCK EXCHANGE.—The amount of businels transacted
to-day is very limited in amount, but, although our quota-
tions are rather tending downwards, no particular alteration
is yet observable. The sales are—North British, Half .hares,
15 th— Ditto, Thirds, 2% p.—York and Newcastle, Prefer-
ence, 41. 16s. p.—Anergate, Nottingham, and Boston, 21. Bs.
6d.—Lnn and Dereham, 164—North-Western, 78. 6d. p.—
North Staffordshire,_ 31. Bs. 6d. " cer." p.
YORK, DECEMBER 11.

STOCK EXCHANGE.—he sales are2-Ipswich and Bury,
11%—London and York, 21. 3s.—Manchester, Buxton, Mat-
lock, and Midland, 31. 2s.—.Newcastle and Berwick, 34%
—North British, Thirds, 3/. ILL—Ditto, Quarters, 31. 68.
Ditto, Extension, IL 125.—North Staffordshire, 856—North-
Western, 28 Sheffield, Rotherham, &c., 3A York and
Newcastle, New, 12%—Ditto, Preference, 7—York and North
Midland, 93—Ditto, Preference, 12.

GLASGOW, DECEMBER 10.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Aberdeen, 23%—
Caledonian, New, 455. 6d.—Caledonian and Dumbartonshire,
365. 6d.—Direct Bombay and Madras, 6s.—Dundee and
Perth, 243/4 —Ditto, New, 10%—East Indian Railway, lls.
6d.—Edinburgh and Glasgow, Halves, 20L—Glasgow General
Terminus, 12%—Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr, 691.
Ditto, Ditto, 381. Is.—Ditto, Halves, Bs. lls.—Glasgow,
Dumfries, and Carlisle, 6/. 7s.—Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and
Ardrossan, 475. 6d.—Great Indiaa Peninsular, ss. 3d.—Great
Southern of Madras, ss. 6d.—Madras, Nellore, and Arcot,
3s.—Manchester and Southampton, 295. 9d.—North British,
Thirds, 74s.—Ditto, Quarters, 70s. ex thirds—Scottish Mid-
land Junction, 144—South-Eastern and Dover, New (iss.
at 151.), No. 4, 60s.—Stirling and Dunfermline, 625. 6d.

THE SHANNON STEAM-PACKET.
PLYMOUTH, DEC. 10.—Most of the passengers from
London and Southampton in the Shannon steam-packet
left here on Monday for Falmouth and Dublin by the
Duke of Cornwall, Captain Kempston. The Rose,
screw-propeller, has been taken up by the British and
Irish Steam-packet Company, and is expected to call
here to-day for the Falmouth and Dublin goods saved
from the fire on board the Shannon. Mr. Astle, the
managing director of the company, arrived yesterday
from Dublin to superintend the arrangements consequent
upon the accident.
On Tuesday, Mr. W. B. Cuming, Lloyd's surveyor,
Mr. Pope, an experienced shipowner, and Mr. Clark, the
Plymouth agent, made an official inspection of the
Shannon. The forward beams and flooring of her cabin
are destroyed, and her mainmast and aft pumps partially
burnt. A man-hole was cut in the cabin floor near the
stern, and here, although the upper part of the cargo
(hops) were uninjured by fire, the goods, which were
well stowed, had settled nearly two feet, in consequence
of the burning of the forward and lower portion. The
ship's frame below her water bearing appears to have
suffered so little that it is contemplated to take her to
Dublin (where her proprietors possess an extensive re-
pairing establishment) for complete renovation, after
giving her a temporary repair here. It is difficult to
estimate the entire cost of these repairs, but they cannot
fall much short of 1,0001. Her cabin furniture is partly
destroyed, and the remainder injured.
The damage to the cargo will, it is feared, range from
10,0001 to 15,0001 There is about 30 tons of wasted
goods totally destroyed, comprising tea, tobacco, coffee,
rice, peas, vetchseed, fruit, hops, pimento, perfumery,
military clothing. stationery, envelopes, elegantly bound
English and foreign books, &c. Among the rest is a
box capable of holding 12 bottles, only two of which,
containing aquafortis, are perfect. Some have imagined
this dangerous liquid to have originated the fire, parti-
cularly as no flame of any consequence appeared long
after its commencement. Her cargo included three very
valuable bales of raw yellow silk in skeins, for an Irish
poplin manufactory, the whole of which is considerably
damaged. About 20 casks of brandy and wine for Dub-
lin are saved, and seven boxes, containing 2cwt. each of
specie, valued at 5,0001., have been safely lodged in the
charge of Mr. Morris, manager of the Plymouth branch
of the Bank of England. A large portion of the specie
consisted of fourpeney pieces, destined for Ireland, to
pay labourers and others on the railway works.

SUICIDE OF MAJOR EAMES, OF

THE 47ra FOOT.

An inquest was held last evening at the Prince of
Wales Hotel, Leicesttr-Place, Leicester-square, before
Mr. Bedford, on the body of Major R. F. Eames, aged
forty-five, lately residing at No. 61, Jermyn.strcet, St.
James's.
Ann Linfield, chambermaid at the above hotel, said
that the deceased came into the front hall at nine o'clock
on Wednesday morning last, and clFm anded a chamber.
Having shown him to a room up stairs, he called for pen,
ink, and paper, and sat down to write. At three o'clock
she again went up stairs to see if he wanted anything,
but she cauld obtain no answer to her repeated knocks
at the door. At length she entered the room, and found
him lying dead across the fender, with a pistol by his
side. She heard no rt port of fire-arms, but even if she
had she should have paid no attention to it, as there was
a shooting-gallery at the back.
Mr. Robert Cross, surgeon, of No. 21, Leicester-
square, said he was immediately called to the deceased.
He found a pistol shot wozind over the sixth rib, in the
region of the heart. The ball had broken the rib, and
buried itself in the heart, so that death must have been
instantaneous. The vest, flannel, and shirt had been
opened, and he thought the deceased had pressed the
muzzle of the pistol close to his body. There was another
loaded pistol on the table.
William Ling, gunmaker, of No. 61, Jerruyn-street,
said the deceased had resided in his house for the last
fortnight, but he had known him for some time before.
He was whimsical in his manner. He left home shortly
before nine o'clock on Wednesday morning, saying that
he should be back to breakfast. He bad held the rank
of major in the 47th Foot, but lately was unattached.
Witness could not in any way account for the act the
deceased had committed.

After some further evidence, the inquest was adjourned
in order that the deceased's friends and relations might
be communicated with.

REPRESENTATION OF MANCHESTER.—MANCHESTER,
FRIDAY. —Last evening Juhn Bright, Esq, NI.P., met
his general committee, at Hayward's Hotel, where they
mustered in considerable strength, and received him
with great enthusiasm. George Wilson, Esq., presided.
The chairmen of the various committees proceeded to
give in their reports as to the result of the canvass, so
far as it had gone. Mr. Bright was then called upon,
and was received with enthusiastic applause. Having
addressed the meeting at some length, Mr. W. Shuttle-
worth wished to put a question. He wished to know
from Mr. Bright himself, in the presence of this assem-
bly, whether or not, how far, in principle, he differed
from Mr. Cobden on such great national questions as
now occupy public attention. Mr. Bright replied that
this was a difficult question to answer, because it was
known that even the best friends had a difficulty in
arriving at a correct estimate of each other's opinions
upon some questions. He observed that while in Par-
liament, during three years, they 11,:d only voted in dif-
ferent lobbies once, and that on the Maynooth Grant ;
and from all he knew of Cobden's principles, were Mr.
Cobden a candidate for any borough in which he had
any influence or power to serve him, there was no man
he should be disposed to make more strenuous or un-

tiring exertions for than he should for him.—(Cheers.)
The meeting gave three enthusiastic cheers for Mr.
Bright, and then separated.
RUNNING MATCH FOR TWENTY POUNDS.—Yester-
day afternoon Brooks and Kirby, of London, ran their
two hundred yards' foot-race in the Waterloo-road.
At the start Brooks took the lead, and was making hard
for the goal when he slipped up, and his opponent ran
by him and won the stakes. betting Brooks was the
favourite, and his backers lost large sums of money upon
him.