The Sun.
London, England, 1846-07-28 00:00:00

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11,114 Marc)so
laalld thatl in etch of' those eighty, n. years, and he
Ativ v the average price of the, sixyears whilst
Percenteil was in 114: did not exceed 275. and some pence
is, e whilst the avera.re price. of the last tee year s
case fair)
to 37., p,,r eat. /1,.,,, hail,
.0,,..5e here, staled the
tdtrly to the Houtv‘. "Dh, •,Nottte Lord had stated
600 ton., of
that 100,
stwor could be obtained from the.
the Ill'ije' but that
t_ • 2
produce , be wse an ov( r sansuine caku.ation of the prod
to
e '-xpected from that qearter. d also ben
~ated that large quantities of sugar would be had from
t'illea.East Indies, but to that expectation he would reply
t„,,t the inhabitants of those territories were enormous
"sarners of suear, and when it was cheap they con-
tster.'
' the most'of'the produce, and scarcely any of it
Way es 0
sotitr 29 or
to this country.—(Hear, hear.) On the
try, ,
tort hen sugar was dear, they allowed it to he ex-
e!cl in considerzble quantities, but not before. Now he
....._ t on the autlimity of Messrs. Allan and Duppa, the
161 r Olerchants and sugar brokers of Calcutta, that, in
tio„ epos chants
extent of territory, comprising a poPllin
%ilea,. One hundred millions of inhabitants, wh'll
%um' I'as at the price of tight rupees the inhabitants
Was 'Med it Isrgely, but when it was 11 er 114 rupees it
este
_"tPorted, and not he fore. This she wea that the
Dadlls, of price regulated the rupount of exportation. He
it also On the authority of' Messrs. Allan and
the soh
as well as some others he had cenversed with on
to het, that the; natives of the Fast had consumed
i,'ri,'
some-
that g,„lw ,' ears, than 500,000 tons of sugar, hut
Ad (4,s tY i'a other years was reduce d by the price
Illi? tso.,aof% for it from this country. He was assured
e go ei-4"he were best able to give hie. an opinion upon
bleat4l4ea the
elect thfft there Was every reakon to smrpost, that
of suear frein the East Indies
(Rear lan:fount to 100.000 tons more than last year.—
llteess. Such, indeed, was the abundance of the
told b'" scaion that those who had plsntations were
I,er
ete es above
estates their agents that the increase:l production of the it
that Of last year ti•ould be no less t' as 3
!rots * He had also other information on the sub:ec:
4' ,
11e b-,,,ie1l he gathered that several eng.; . es of 242
I):tverr--er, kr.id 15„ -engines of more than SO herse
18.',,,u'''re tot the course of erection in a dis, ict, which
the sii:* ll'anufactured no sugar at all, A th.s place
this ‘-'3lll' Manufactured last season was 2 OM tans, but
91300'1'4' the
This
was likely to be inc -ased to
9te gt°llB. This was in a smell diitriet ( n the banks of
'eet. aniFes• But he had other infortnati .ti on the sub-
ttich Lie was told that there was a company called the
the; ern() d o,,inpany. who had just expended 70.0001. in
.14 th hstreeti„
of engines for the manufacture of sugar
less the Fast Indies. ext letter which he re,eived gionne:"ai ternßuhrampoe. and was from a gentleman
Verittenteq with the Eat India House ; it was
desiredwriter
lb
at femiliar strain, and the wr!.tde,.
his name should be conceaal
was
ko., dated the 22d of May last. It stated that on
,a47,,ni,`' he had elear,4l 1,300/. in a season ; bed built
oet,
lt-e sugar works, and was " well on" in a second. 1-1
whichs4 prodoce•d four tons of sugar from an acre,
s w • immense • was informed that.
sae n . as tin crop. He
whii.ative cane was no thicker than a man's finger ;
me the Otatsetan cane was as thick as a man's arm,_e
left wlls of a superior description in all respects. H
assured h • • were continued, and in-
dealstleet at if protection
ll:lent% given to the British planters, a great
tivltt, 'Afire capital would be invested in the col-
lo -ion of sugar befors the expiration of five ylears,
s: lehich period it was proposed to reduce s aye-
nvn sugar to the level of British grown sugar ;
„,"'etore the expiration of' those five years the pro-
!l4etion and exportation would be largely increased.
A letter from Madras, whir h he had received from
Messrs. Scott and Bell, the largest sugar-bakers in Lon-
don, stated that there could be no doubt that the quantity
?I' sugar this year from Aradras would amount to 10,000
lons, and there was every probability the sugar
nth Madras would next year be 15,000 tons;that and, judge
afrom the proSuctio
Ccult to n of the last three years, it was
say what quantity would be produced in
qllottlore• He had stated on a
former occns'on that the
titiee of the Mauritius this year was 46.000 tons, and
le what had not yet been shipped, it would amount t
this '°°° tons. It was no long era matter of doubt that
henziali er gnine expectations of those who counted that
the free 4"--x3l was put an end to in the West Indies
Sp, se produce would double the amoutt produced by
At*: bad been bitterly disappointed.—(Hear, hear. )
!tee:; known that the heat of the climate relaxed their
tosu's4's, and even the negroes themselves could not he
'a the:4 to work by the lnrge wages which were offered
tkatslll. He would submit to the House a comparatiye
oldrtlbe-sesilt of the produce of sugar by 300 slaves in
tll,l-"xl, and the produce of stwar of 300 free labourers
rill - '4llrit;us The statement came from the different
00 ton The' produce. of the 300 slaves in Lousiana was
1,11:1, tig'auntl.the produce of the free. labourers was 5,000
i',4 44;7
„_.a t with the favourable climate and soil of the
~Sotoir*iettnd its being so
s'itali w wholes'it could Pc essfully
P 4 .
well adapted for .the ettltiya,,„;
compete with those
dot 'were obliged to employ free labour, and
woo]' 64 1 • d ''
lestii It We I situate in respect to natural advan-
or 1,4 he •as not true that the West India planters
rs.:, a _de to cotnoetia with the slave-labour
who Ns of Cuba
to Wet, t and therefore 'he maintained that the colonies.,:
%skit €' ,obliged to, employ free-lablur were entitle..
.4at, Zhnn: In estimating the probable preduce of
.INifiq 13
Xoble Friend (Lord Jelin Russe'l) did not
testb, the ate%ts tlae quantity that might he expected
th-st!'d hs 741-Wit:Ms. He calculate.' that 240,000 torsi
40;1' with 4111P'..tted from the colonies, an.l he expecte(
In "t 0 t Wl'Aat there was in bond, there would be
,r,4` ‘0,,,,
286 of free
-°f foreign slave-grown sugar, and 2.0,0000_
tinj,,"'°o/. ``•':".r,Town sugar—making a total importation f
Qt' i; iti 5 ,as he had already stated, the price of the !ix-
-4144 4.o2stne East Indies regulated the exportation
%tk -',l t'' 'vett then the freight to this country Y
wC" b from
4'l' 111.1.° 61- 10s. Now the sugars from Brazil ad
.4tlast °llded, could be imorted for 30s.
,a tin, or
at
. ils and Cuba had the a Ivan-
-1744t-hes?...l()_,• . So that independent of tee advantage
pr of 1.111 freightage the Braa
stinve labour. It was, therefore, impocsible that the
Nis Id bees could „o. t _ compete with
tod am') doubt that the eff,et of the
either Cuba or Brazils. There,
free importation o
ttill • Att
' hatl Cuba sugar would be to lower the prce of sugar.
ke. 'N .0 the British Colonies 6s. per c. t..• and with this
•P hi In twice it would not ay the British planter tod
t‘leto I Ns • fcultivate His Noble Filen
'3f th atM 11 tes In a state o on.
s, e preseSat 280,000 tons. would be requiredme for the supply
d that ISO,OOO tons
Innolld toes year. Well, if they
5t,.,..e.5, 544
k.tesm the West Indiesa,"luoo.oo.l from the East
consumption
‘thr,. tht„ 'q.ooo from Madras, the aggregate wou!d make
tee(' this- 280,00(1. But the greatestl
246.000 tons,
ken it ~G country had experience!
d t'o let in slave-
ittstotitatee% Perfectly aboird, withwasth.eonfiyeures he had
h„,,m tio_ betore them, to say they re,q,futre
that article for the
stye stgt'l;' to insure 'a
proper supply
tptulk On haul; ennOtry. 'I
which . at the present moment a
.14 them° of 71.000 tons, exceeded by about 10,000
tshtlettisit ts. ?ri hand in the amount, eriod of last year.
Ile Its ssobt`.,c inerease against the smaller the state of
itts*lf nju be exactly the same this year as they were last.
Ih,es in t, ` aware that there was such a want of our.manufac-
-"te to markets of the West Indies, for, according to the
with the ma-
tblnt•f4e:rs,e4rillats, it appeared that they were glutted i d
l'aes Is of this country.— ( Hear, hear.) They a a rea y
ma-
th ens natives of the •West Indies by their manufactures,
Ve tk. ''COUrag g the trade of Birmingham, Manchester, and
..tuefforelitt..fte_tuzining districts..
On the grounds that he had laid
iigi)Ptett.' 41ouse, he must submit that motion should be
vs Nobt ne would now come to the question of revenue.
iLlth th e Friend calculated that by his scheme, as contrasteod..
Cs E eh" of the Right Hon. Baronet, the Ex • Chancellor,d.f t
q-teels:e -beeltu ' r!be
.should gain no less than 725.529 :by the i -
h. Iltiei, ween his proposal and that of the RE,rht Hon
if Hon, Hon at,n• Really he was quite at a
.loss to understand how
-•ne 4,-;•,vriencl arrived at that conclusion. He presumed that
t tt-' '0 %ft many tons of British plantation sugar at 14/. per
vit'lf. NNUId not ti e more than under the proposition of
Fr' ,shs
s„ pro uc .
oes7 ' non. Baronet opposite. The effect of his Hon.
..litt ' ' Measure would be that as slave- grown sugar was ad-
.. e,l _
'Orti; at a lower rate of duty it would take the place of free
441b...teration in
the ant, "eke. On these grounds, therefore, he was against
'be s'i'leY which was proposed. There was no just ground fel.
the sugar duties. Above all, in the last week of
1" 'then half the members of the House of Commons
tad ,wg.oloe out of town, it was not proper to bring forward such
11 'Ping proposition. He had already shown that he had
4eSire •
t• 01, • to embarrass the Government.—(Hear, hear.) The
les, ,ett, 1.4 not be increased at present, and the profitl
•mass go
tlf
oche"e PoCkets of the'Biazilian idielAints inslead-Sf into those
..
4 English consumer. He had many communications
IsSsu teen engaged in the trade, which stated that theL,ito
I),ol;:riZsd ttow, should these measures pass,t would
therfore, that there
%tleht Ts tobet snomaemju.tice—some mercy—shown to these men.
hi h could not be reealled
engagements H ,
f„"ey had made
.osting to the faiqs and honour of the Parliament. e re-
gittabered that his Hon. Friend the Member for Sunderland
%served, that things were coming to such a pas, that no man's
property was safe.—(Hear, hear,)He conjured them,
therefore, to be careful over the interests of those
Rho had tru-ted them. l r H -IC.son, in 1831, opposed the
tagar question as brought' *
ire, by the then Chancellor of the
..=chequer. He (Lord George Bentinek) supported Mr
ttaskisson in that opposition, but he was.defeated.
tsusistent in opposition, and
He was
he did not wish to embarrass the
t? Englishsvernment. The question for the Englis people now to
ecede was, whether they would have sugar
two thirds of a
'luny less in every pound with slavery, or sugar two-thirds of
tto Penny dearer with freedom. They would not hesitate
as, decide. The question was well put by the Ilin:our-
CT !‘leraber for Cork—" Take a larcer loaf with a
17.1„",,er% curse," and he would ask were the teople of England
lis-"„(4 their exertions in the cause of freedom ?—( aro,
41°e', 1) id they repent the 20,000,000/. which they paidt t
tt,„4:141,,,th" negroes? He had never heard that such wAs
.he
Tem .7ere the people of England aware that they main-
sLcave t 'fs4ll3o men and 7. 0 guns to put down the infamous
-' the"L'e? The Noble Lord then gave a frightful account.
se treat
Ras a, i 'bent of slaves employed in the manufacture of
,-10, of ,I,` said that Mr. Buxton, when speaking, sixteen years
o,'"e infernal traffic in slaves stated that it consumed
Alf, inn Persons in one year. and that Lord. Aberdeen,. him-
bsiltabt Th.(' Year 1844, stated that in his opinion the average
'Arne .- °R Year
imported from Africa to the coast
_of South
100 oarlea and the ilpanish West Indies, was n.ottletss
tthan
Itheti a-Year. Ire asked whether it was rig . ba we
°tonite_ eontinue to suffer the natives of Africa to be
!lie %vred and lashed to death for the purpose of enabling
th,
emote
India plasters to amass s
• Jespr,:Ple of Englatd wish t d *without in.
plendid fortu..nes7—( Hear )
wished to obtain their oo
let them
i." if the were then to have the sugars. .1 d f
, stet drinkthus
sit s, sugars in the remem
aslissitro had been Shedobtain it.—(Cheers.
to ) He did not
brance that the b cio o
2004,,11f.re was a man •
f the slave
lott 'l°ol. he had pAd for the emancipation 0 .
in England who grudged the
Me se did not believe they cared for the half.million mole
ression of
11, e.i' the eountry had to pay annually for the supp
,
for s%' 41e-trade. It seemed to him that the arguments brought,
Ns, ji."...were nothing more than the old argument, wber..eit
e may
sk" ise are to be hanged for a lamb. we • se the
as well be
11‘.61'1 f" a sheeP—(Laughter and cheers)—that because .
lo to etit• England have made the sacrifice, they would continue
tYN'''()id '43,000,0001. had been paid during the last taelve
ear' QOOO,OOO/. besides, and half a million more revery
I,4tehl the suppression of the s-ave.tra to. ri
"td made rusted that the mighty sacrifice which they
,4t)'itlit he, and which they wished to continue. to make,
at th 4eu'Pteil, and might be recorded above, side by sole
td 0 w' t ,
the %1 4'0%0 .t mite. as the offering-the free-will effering--
%nit. '& 0 4 s,er ,ng .ra-hearted Engltshmen, who
Lohe th' ' he,--( ---
wa
the religious, and the
I_•lltis ' great, the virtuous,
•tsti
~ n People who inhabit the British Isles. (The Noble
the 141.-"un'f'd his seat amid loud and prolonged cheering from
‘,
~,, otectionist benches.)
h ' ne NO
4 iiiie note Lotto then moved the resolution of which he
The 4 entie.
Otolhe re11i"..4)11 having ben read from the chairs -Zspsf4 se„,`l °iNtSeLLO Et of the EXCHEQUEEtsaddStat, o_ n
` .ce!sititi, the Noble Lord deserved sincerity' the
'I'S" UrCillgrat hitioluagi fanlike i saes b*

woul4 propose to follow, which was the supply of sugar and
the effect urn] the slave trade by the intr.duction into this
country of slave-grown sugar. The Noble L had traced
the history of the sugar goes! ion in all its details in a manner
which he could not undertake to equal. He stated that when
the East and West India colonic; neie not sufficient it:, supply
the country. he and hi, colleagues had opened fresh ports, and
he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) hoped to show
to the House that all the consideration which induced
the Government to introduce foreign free-labout sugar
into the ports existed at the present period. In 1843, the
consumption of sugar was less than in 1841. The consump-
tion of last year over that of 1843 was 36,000 tons. The price
at this moment is higher by 4s. per cwt. than in June last, and
the average of three preceding months was ss. 3d. higher than
the preceding quarter. Mr. Gladstone had estimated the con-
sutnption of free labour sugar at 20,000 tons, whereas the
whole, in fact, instead of 20,000 was under 4,000 tons. Last
quarter the consumption of free labour sugar had been only
118 tens, and in the five quavers preceding it had been only
4,113 tons instead of 20,00;) tons. The amount of revenue
from free labour sugar produced, ending sth April last, was
leas than was est mated in the preceding year. He
believed that if the price of sugar was law, it was almost im-
possible to place a limit on the consumption of that article.
The quantity of sugar consumed had a:ways varied with the
price of sugar. The following table will show the effect of
the prices upon the consumption :

In I hejear

Con.urnption
per head.

Price.

e 46

1845

15lbs.

201bs.

1846
1846. 30th June, 365. 93-d. f consideranly less.
The great body of the people of this country consumed a con-
sidot abie quantity less than could he supposed. If every individual
•in this country were to consume 201bs. per head, the consump-
tion would be considerably Greater than stated to be by the
Nobh• Lord the Memb••r for Lynn. The total coesun ption in
this country for the year ending April 5. 1846, was 252,000
tons. He ( the Chancellor of the Exchequer) had taken
great -tains to find out the amount of sugar likely to be im-
parted; the highest amount he had received was 255,00(1 tons.
He had received other estimates, such as 250,000 tons, 255,000
tons, 230,000 tons ; so d the estimate he had received from an
Antwerp merchants was 220,000 ton,. The Noble Lord the
Member for Lynn had said, that 240,00(1 tons would be im-
ported from the East Indies; for the comfort of the West
India growers, he would say, that he did not think it at all
possible that such a quantity could be produced from the
East Indies. He, therefore, now showed that they could
not look to the East Indies for a supply, for the price of that
sugar would be as high, if not higher, than the present
prices. With regard to free labour sugar, the highest
estimate of the importation into this country was 20,00
tons, hut he thought the amount nearest the t: uth was
15,0':0 tons. The amount imported last year was only 4,000
,tins. It was well known that the greater part of the sugar
from Java went into the Dutch market. But taking the whole
supply at 12.000 tons, the largest amount of colonial and free
labour sugar .oulti not exceed 250,t:00 tons. What their c-m-
-somption would be next !tear he could not say, but his opinion
was, that if a larger supply were afforded to the people of this
country at a lower price, there would be a greater consumption
than at presets,. It was computed by all acquainted with the
subj, et. that the price should be 455. per cwt. to give a con
suss vtitm. That quality of sugar was at present 50s. in the
market. His Noble Friend said a good deal about the rise of
foreign slave-grown sugar. It had already risen in the Con-
tinental markets, party owing to the deficiency of the crop
and partly owing to the anticipation of having
the privileges of importing it into this country. But
latterly it had fallen, even since these measures
were announced ; and he thought it very unlikely that it
would rise to any great extent. ( The Right Hon Gentleman
here read two letters from commercial firms, to show that 21s.
was an amount of duty which would allow a large quantity to
come in. and bring down the price to such a rate as to allow
it to come into general consumption.) This duty would not
only, continued the Right Hon. Gentleman, bring in a larger
supply, but also reduce the price. The increase of consump-
tion last year was 42,000 tons ; and why they should not look
to a consumption proportionably great this year he could not
see. He bad now shown that the estimates of the Nobl•
Lord, as to supply, were too large, and his estimate of the
consumption too small ; and he had also shown that by
fixing the duties at the rate of the proposed measure,
a proportionate increase in the consumption might be expected.
He would now speak of the question of revenue. The state of
the revenue up to the present year was prosperous, but he was
afraid they could not look so sanguinely to the future. He
was sorry to see by a circular from Manchester that stagnation
in the trade prevailed to a very great extent. His Hon.
Friend said on a former occasion that he would wish to know
what. the income and expenditure of the years 1847 and 1848
would be, presuming this measure was in full operation.
He (the Chancellor of the. Exchequer) stated that.
deducting the China money from the income of this
year, the remainder would be 50,950,0001. and de-
ducting from the expenditure of this ) ear an item which
might not occur again, an item of 200,000-, the income'
would be 50,673,0001. at the present moment. But, adding to
that, the expenditure necessary for the maintenance of the
fresh constabulary, namely, 175,0001„ and adding 283,000:. ,
for purposes of a similar nature—adding one half-year's
expenditure for the maintenance of the Poor-law establish-
ments and officers in the country ; also one half-year's ex-
penditure for the prosecution of prisoners, and for their main-
tenance when convicted (for which purpose one halt
sear's expenditure only had been voted in the esti-
mates for this year, and for which it would be tie-
cessary
to vote a whole year's estimate) supposing that '
the expenditure would be the same as it was estimated by the
Right Hon. Gentleman opposite, there would be added to
next year's estimates 628,500 L, making in all a permanent
expenditure of 51.302,000•., and leaving, supposing the
income and exoenditure to be made as he had stated, a defi-
ciency of 352 0001. That being solved the House would see
how necessary it was that from some source or another addi-
tional means of income should come. He did not see in the
course of the past sessions any such prospect of reduction oe
expenditure as would justify the cabinet in believing that it
would not be necessary to provide additional resources. Lei
them look at the estimates. Let them compare the estimates
of the last ten years, from the year 1835 to 1845, and the)
were not es- iraates prepared by any gentleman on that side o;
the Hous. He took the year 1845, because it excluded any in-
crease made this year, and which the Hon. Member for Coventry
seemed inclined to put down for next year. Let them compare
the expenditure of 1845. and they would find in the charges
on the consolidated fund, that other duties had increased
492,000/. The expenditure of the army, the expenditure et
the navy, and the ordnance had increased 4,70-4,;001. The
increase on miscellaneous services had been 582.0001., so that
the whole increase between 1835 and 1845 had been no les;-
thaws 5,081,0001. He confessed that he did not see any disposi-
tion or tendency in the estimates of the present year 1.
reduce that expenditure, especially with reference to the
ermv. He did not think that, when they considered the
hardships of the colonial service for our soldiery, the in-
crease of our colonies, and the necessity of providing means of
defence for China anti New Zealand, that they could see
any probability, with justice to the soldiery, of diminishing
the numbers of the army, which was at present exposed to ser-
vice such as no other army in Europe was enduring-4 Hear.
He did not think, in common justice to the soldiers, and the
maintenance of protection to :he colonies, that he could sug-
gest any reduction of the standing force of the country. The
Hon. Gentleman, the Member: for Tavistock, wished to put
down corporal punishment, and another Hon. Member said
that it would be necessary to increase the pay of the army ; anti
there were various other means of expenditure suggested.
which rendered it impossible to reduce the expenditure of tht
military establishment. It was impossible to reduce the expen-
diture csused by the steam-vessels, and other classes of ship-
with which it ha I been thought necessary to increase the navy.
and which caused additional expense. • An Hon. and Gallant
Member was anxious to increase the provision for worn-out
officers; it might be necessary to increase the pay for active
service in the navy—the new ordnance and the improvements
in gunnery required a large expenditure, as it was necessary
to have very heavy guns. A large amount of expenditure
might, before long, be incurred in providing harbours of re-
fuge for the steam-ves,els which, had been lately built. Hy
had been in hopes that more had been done than he had
found executed, though he knew that there had been great
obstecles in the way of improvement. It would be absurd to
attempt to conceal from the House the necessity of consi-
derable expenditure upon that head. In the fortification ce
the coast and the colonies the introduction of steam navigation
had it volved the necessity of a great expense, fpr they were
no longer safe as they were before from sudden attack,
and it was, therefore, necessary that the forces of this
country should be put in a state to repel invasion.
He did not exactly mean invasion, but those inroads and
attacks to which it was impossible for this country to submit
and which it would be impossible to repel without taking
proper means of fortification. He had come to the miscellaneous
estimates. The increase in them was of such a nature that
he was sure that the House would be willing to pay the tax
required for the purpose. There were many other subjects of
improvement pressed on by various Members of that House.
involving the necessity of an increased expenditure under that
head. There was one subject which weighed very heavily on
his mind, anti that was the necessity of providing in some was
for secondary punishment in this country. The evils ants
entered expense
into, and
df from
wt r(amnisdp o
sayrt at i on
nothinghad aolfreatdhyembe. buenft heully
thoughtina that in
coiensiditahrmezut a large way it vtas necessary to provide for the
punishment, and
xpeanndditthaare.t could not
allbe
doneicti effectually
those heads he was afraid that they must look forward to an I'
creased expenditure—at any rate they could not look for
na-
a
reduction, but rather to an increase, for which it was absolutely
necessary to provide adequate sums. Mr. Gladstone, when hie
Noble Friend brought forward his resolution against the re-
duction of duty on sugar, said that he was at a loss to conceive
what his Noble Friend could say, rendering it likely that the In-
come Tax could be removed, or that any measure could be
suggested to avoid its renewal. He (the Chancellor of the
Exchequer) thought that his Friend showed no very extra-
ordinary foresight in saying that he did not think it probable
that the Income Tax could be removed at the end of three
years. It was said a year and-a-half ago that it could be re-
moved, and in the second year there was a surplus of some
31'0,I.Ofit , and now, he was sorry to say, that even with its
continuance, a deficiency of 350,' 04. was to be apprehended ;
anti therefore his Friend was justified in saying that the pro-
bability of its being - aken off was small. He did
not know how far the resources of the country might
go ; or hew far, under the increased development of industry
which would be occasioned by measures which had passed this
sessions, they would progress, he did not pretend to say ; but
this he said, that looking to the present state of the revenue
and expenditure--to entertain any view, however distant, of
removing the Income Tax—to indulge it, that hope. it was
most essentially necessary to increase the sources from which
the income of the country was derived, in order to maintain
the credit of the country for the payment of her debts to those
establishments necessary for her honour and her name. He
did not know if he should make any further statement on the
sugar question, because he depended on an increased con-
sumption of sugar. Let them take 240,000 tons at
14.+. per cwt. duty, and that would give 3,460,000!. ;
and if they gave 15.000 tons for free-labour at 21s.
per cwt., it would give an addition of 315,00 W., making
3.775,0001. That would, however, only be 255,-000 tons
of sugar ; but he hoped to get 209:000 tons of slave-grown
sugar, which would raise the stun to 4,195,0001. If, as he was
inclined to hope, they would have a supply of slave-grown
sugar beyond all the colonial supply, of 30,000 tons, and wh.ch
he believed they in ight have, they should have an income of
4,405,0001. He hoped ha had now disposed of the two first
branches of his Noble Friend's argument, and he would pro-
ceed to the ast, which had reference to the raising and en
couragemont of slave grown sugar, and which his Friend had
stated with so much pathos. It was to increase the consumption
of sugar, and to benefit the revenue, that it was expedient to
adopt the measures proposed by her Majesty's Government,
and he dill not ththineyk
htandatntohtegyonwould
al have
av
se obtainedthey
had
done.eithe either oflt
cotsnlify provide as large a supply as the sugar pro-
as any othe)r measure thatge
gentlemen
t l couldeme n
tdv‘hiu7ll'd,gorb'ojetworld could afford, but it would produce as
uiesfstos.
iBtoha
men
de d utt
large an increase
perho
cwt, c
owpntr.o psol.ainsveedt...hger:
slave-grown
produce
seuagr.
at r .
'Pt;
o fh abieea rr.ed
colonies,uc
had wished that they couldu
He did not think (and he
trusted that the House would agree with him) that under the
present state of the revenue
that.they
He would have n
been
believe
us tifie din
running so great a risk as that
d fro w. the present
tthhemrge was
like tlitehne. sruevgeanrueenobuegh
mtoticicpraetaete, at
_los duty; any-
. ameire., , zhe 414.,,figuid, ligweyai _Dow shalt* is.

tr E SUN, LONIDON

creased supply of sugar to this country would render it im-
possible again to reduce the duties on ewer, but in the presen
state of .hings it would be madness to attempt to go beyotid
what they had already done. His Noble Friend then came
to the last topic, the encouragement of the slave-trade. It
was impossible not to admire and respect the opinions which
he gave on the subject ; nevertheless, harrowing as were the
descriptions of the slave trade as now carried on. and the treat-
ment they received, in Cuba, they had failed in showing that the
present measure tended to promote the slave-trade—still more
had they failed to show that the free-labour sugar could be
brought at all to compete with it. His Ne.ble Friend, anxious
that he should clear himself from the imputation of encou-
raging the slave trade, had refused to sanction such a measure
as the present. His Noble Friend abstained from the use of
sugar grt.wn by slaves, but yet he did not deny himself the use
of other articles which were raised by slaves. How he drew
the distinction he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) did not
pretend to say, but he knew that the produce of slave labour
was used to a considerable extent in that House, and yet they
opposed the present measure in order to escape the charge of
usirg slave-grown goods. Copper, cotton, and other articles
were slave produce, and they were extensively used. He
could show that in no way whatever was greater cruelty in-
flicted on the slaves than in the production of copper, yet they
supported slave-produced copper from Cuba, and had con-
siderably increased its import. In 1849 they imported
26.000 tons, and in 1845 they imported 41,060 tons.
Such is the effect if we take free labour sugar from the conti-
nental markets. The continental markets make up the defi-
ciency occasioned by the demands we make on it for free-grown
produce by the importation of slave-grown sugar, so that while
we carry on that trade we are in reality encouraging the slave
trade.—( Hear.) If we take free grown sugar from the conti-
nental market, slave-grown sugar is certain to flow in, and
thus we give an indirect encouragement to slavery. 'Whether,
therefore, we-import directly slave grown sugar from where it
is produced, or free labour sugar from the continental market,
' the result is precisely the same—such was the tendency of the
present system. After the experience of the last year. would any
man doubt that slavery was not encouraged by the present
state of the law. If so, then they were guilty to the
fullest extent in the charge brought against them by
the Noble Lord (the Fret Lord of the Treasury.) Were they,
therefore, on such slight ground: as bad been stated, to adhere
to a principle which they could not carry into effect, and th, a
deprive the great body of the people of, . this country of a cheap
and necessary article of comfort ?—( Hear, hear.) The im-
practicable nature of the present system, was admitted bt. all
who had fully considered the question. He admitted that
many very honest. sincere, well meaning men were against the
proposition of her Majesty's Government, and he was wishful
to pay the greatest deference and respect to their opinions, but
he was bound to observe that the sentiments of those parties
were not participated in by many other parties who were as
much opposed to negro slavery Looking at the proceedings
of the Liverpool Anti-slavery Society. a mare rational and
practical view of the question had been taken. That
eociete at least took a different view to that which had
been taken by the Noble Lord (Lord George Bentinck ),
At a meeting which they had just held, they had agreed to re-
solutions to the effect that the measure now proposed by her
Majesty's Government was in harmony with the general prin-
ciple's of commercial intercourse laid down by the late Adminis-
tration, and that taken in conjuncion with friendly negotia-
tions with other powers, it was better calculated to lead to the
extinction of slavery than any other course.—( Hear, hear.)
He entirely concurred with the view which this body had taken
of the question, as he believed the result would be eventually
to put down slavery, while the general interests of all other
earties would be improves!. He would now say a few words
respecting the West Indian interest. He had been communie
rated with many times by leading gentlemen connected with
hat interest, and he must bear testimony to the temperate
and reasonable manner in which they have urged their claims.
Novie would regret more than he would, if he thought the
measure proposed by the Government would lead to any diffi-
eulty as far as that interest was concerned. No one injury, he
was persuaded, could be inflicted en that interest without doing
injury to the rest of the community. But he did not appre-
hend any evil from the operation of the measure. He looked
still to the West Indies as the source from whence the people
4 this country should continue to derive their supplies of sugar.
With capital and energy he felt sure they would continue to
command the markets of the country. In the same way that
he believed the landed proprietors of this country would not
suffer from the repeal of the corn law, did he believed the West
India interest would not suffer from the withdrawal of their
present protection. But as the agriculturists of this country
would make up for the absence of protection by capital and by
increased skill and improved modes of cultivation, so did he
think would the West. India planters.—( Hear, hear.) Increased
skill, and greater energy would make up for any temporary
toss which they might suffer. Besides, they had been favour-
ably considered in other respects by the Legislature of the
country. There had been last year a reduction of 10s. per
cwt. on produce imported into the colonies. But beyond this,
it would be a great benefit to the West India interest if the
question was permanently settled.—( Hear, hear.) That in-
terest wished to be relieved from annual discussions of this
sort, and they considered it would be a benefit of the greatest
kind, if the question was permanently settled, and if they were
enabled to know what the regular rate of duty was to be.
The present Government proposed to do this. The Noble
Lord (George Bentinck) said that slave labour was cheaper
than free labour, and that the produce of the latter would have
no chance in competition. In supporting that statement,
he referred to Louisiana. But in answer to that
he (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) would say
that it haetebe.en prayed. that the free labour of Mexico, was
twice as productive as the slave lettour of Cuba.—( Hear.)
Such he hoped would be the result elsewhere. But, further,
he understood that, in Cuba even, so dissatisfied were the

planers with slave labour, that. no less than 3.000 free la.
bourers had been imported. If Cuba found it necessary to do
this, would not they find that liritsh capital and energy would
the same? In many of the colonies the deficiency of labour
had been met., to some extent, by the importation of 'labourers
under the restrictiors provided by the present laws. The Go.
vernment were willing, to extend the privilege of importing
labourers, under such restrictions that the labourers imported
should be really and truly the same. And while this advan-
tage would be given them, during the time the present mea-
sure was carrying out, the, We:t Indian interest would en-
joy no meagre share of protection. For the first
sear, they would have fifty per cent. protection
in their favour —44 per cent. the next year, 32 per cent. the
following year, 21 per cent. the next year, and 10 per cent.
the year when the equalisation of the duty took place. The
third year—the critical year of the new proposition—they
would possess 32 per cent. in their favour—a fair and ample
amount of protection under the circums!ances. But. he hoped
they would not alone trust, under the new system proposed, to
;he importation of labourers, but that they would no every-
r.lsing in thti,' power to cultivate the soil, and bring
skill and capital to bear upon it ; in doing which he
:elt persuaded they could safety go into competition
•xith the produce of any other portion of the world.— ( Hear,
hear.) And to enable them to prepare for the change, and to
tiring their energies to bear upon their pos-essions, he thought
five years protection, as now proposed, sufficiently ample. Mea-
sures would also be brought forward to benefit the West India
interest in other respects. He was enabled to state on.. mea.
.tire, which was the reduction of one-third of the defferential
lnty on rum ; and he promised that interest he would support.
every claim which they could fairly and in justice establish
as necessary for their well. being. There was another claim that
would be benefited by the present measure. He meant the
ship-owners, who would be greatly benefited in the carrying
trade, if the proposed alteration were made. Instead of fo-
reign bottoms being employed in the Brazilian and Cuba trade,
as now, British vessels would 13.3 almost entirely em-
ployed. But, after all, the interests of the great body of the
labouring population of the country was what they had to
consider, and these would be greatly benefited by the measure.
Whatever they might do for other classes, they were bound to
consider the comforts of this class, and there could be no
doubt that it would confer a great benefit on them, in giving
them a large, abundant, and cheap supply of a necessary—
nay, an indispensible article of life. It was on that ground
mainly that the question was now brought under the consider-
ation of the House. (The Hon. Gentleman sat down amidst
loud cheers.)
Sir H. INGLIS thanked the Noble Lord the Member for
Lynn (Lord G. Bentinck 1, for the temperate and practical
resolution which he had submitted to the House, and for the
speech with which he had supported it, so complete and con-
elusive in its reasoning, and so full of fact. He, for one, was
willing to rest the decision of the question on that most con-
clusive speech ; but as it was not the custom of the House to
rlecide any matter by single combat, he would shortly occupy
the attention of the House. The Right Hon. Gentleman the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the greater portion of his
speech, spoke as a Chancellor of the Exchequer for the next
year. The greater portion of the speech would have been
more on. May 10, 1647. The sum total of it was,

"We want 35(1,0001. in April, 1847, and we must make it up
by some means." That sum he wanted, and in what
way he got it he did not seem greatly to care. He
stated his expectation that 20,000 tons of slave-grown
sugar would be imported next year, but he did not
express any regret,, or misgiving,that such a sum as he had
named should be realised from such a source. They were
then told that the obligations of treaties compelled them to ad-
roit slave-grown sugar, and that, therefore, they were obliged
to give Spain advantageswhich Spain did not possess. If that
were so, than he ( Slr R. Inglis) maintained the treaty of
Utrecht should be repealed, and the preference-giving prin-
ciple abandoned. But he did not think that the treaty of
Utrecht warranted the construction put upon it. The treaty
of Utrecht was limited to trading transactions in Europe only,
and did not extend to the colonial possessions of the two coun-
tries ; but if the treaty really warranted the construction put
upon it, then ought they to relinquish the principle of
favoured nations altogether.—(Cries of ". Hear, hear.")
lie resisted this measure because it was a great discourage-
ment to British industry in the colonies, and a great encourage-
ment to a most inhuman traffic. 'f he sufferers that it would
produce would not be confined to Cuba—they would extend to
the Brazils, and whatever other part of the world men should
choose to drag them. The tortures which had been described
by his Noble Friend that evening were tortures which the ad-
vocates of this measure must be prepared to perpetuate and
patronise ; for every ton of sugar imported into this country
was produced at the expense of the blood of three African
slaves, and these three slaves were got at the expense of nine
from the coast of Africa—a cost which, with all the attendant
evils of kidnapping nd torture, was countenanced by the
authors of the measure ; and if these nine individuals were
multiplied by 20,t400, the result would be not less than 180,000.
—( Hear, hear.) That was the wrong which they, a Chris-
tian assembly, with all their professions, were asked to en-
courage. He must say, deliberately, God forbid ! He hoped,
at least, th'at those he saw on-the other side of the House, who
had often opposed slavery, would not vote with the Government.
He did not oppose it from party feeling, but
he and those who agreed with him desired to give snore
time to the Government to consider the measure. He ,aid
there was an enormous increase in the free-labour sugar of
India; it was stated to be 500,000 tons, the actual produce of
India. Was it to be supposed, he asked, if the British markets
were opened to all the world, that this would not soon find its
way into Europe? Might the demand not be met by this?
Why, the supply from the Mauritius alone was, twelve years
ago, 27,700 tons, and last year, 35,800; and for the season
1846-47 the calculation was that not less than 60,000 tons would
come in. He held a list in his hand showing the capacity of
estates on that islsnd—a list exhibiting one-eighth of,the whole
produce of the iv:and. Estate A produced, in 1843, 300 tons;
in 1844, 400 tons; in 1845, 500 tons; in 1846, 800 tons;
and for the season of 1847 it was expected that the return
would be 1,000. Other estates exhibited a like increase of
return, though somewhat more irregular. Here, then, was
tale of the colonies of England producing last year one-fourth
of the whole quantity consumed in Britain. He said he should
not regret the change which had been made in the social con-
dition of the people of the„West Indies; still less should he re-
gret that great sum which was voted by this country as its con-
tribution in honour of the principles which it held ;but he
'never would feel other than regret that the country should
have left her -colonies with no better supply of free labour,—
( Hear, hear.) As for the importation of Hill Coolies, it was
now under so great restrictions that it was accomplished
with perfect safety to th,,sa individuals themselves, and as there
was a local authority, if their liberties were encroached on or
undue advantage were taken of them, they could immediately
apply and find a ready remedy. They ought to recol-
lect also that their colonies had an almost un-
limited command of soil, soil which might raise
any quantity this country might e, require • Guiana
for example, or Berbice ; and they cught to give British pro-
prietors that advantage which would enable them to raise a
supply equal to the demand, ,He asked for a prefere=ce for.
t •r alaiMatitive pr*Tekqu but sub pr eforeat 4,3