The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-10 00:00:00

THIS EVENING

Will be performed THE WHITE HORSE OF THE PEPPERS.
After which, THE DANCING BARBER.
To be followed by HIS LAST LEGS.
To conclude with THE MARRIED BACHELOR.

LOYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the Management of Madame Vestria.
Sole Lessee, Mr. Charles Mathews.
THIS EVENLNG,

Wlll be performed a comic Drama, entitled ANYTHING FOR
A CHANGE. Characters by Messrs. Harley, C. Mathews, Homier ;
Miss K. Fitzwilliam, and Miss Marshall.
After which, COURT BEAUTIES.
To conclude with THE CRITIC,
Dress Boxes, ss. • Upper Boxes, 49. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, is. No
balf-orice to any part of the house.
The itew Box-office, No. 2, Wellington-street, is open to the
Public every day, from Ten till Six.

PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Mr. J. M. Maddox, Sole Lessee and Manager.

During the Recess this Theatre has been re-decorated and embel-
ished in a superb and costly manner by Mr. Hurwitz. A new Chan-
eller has been fitted, and the best arrangements have been made for
he due Ventilation of the Theatre, and the comfort and convesience
of the audience.

THIS EVENING,
Will be performed the Opera of LA VIVANDIERE.
After which, PAY ME! OR IF YOU DONT-
To conclude with the Ballet of LA ROSIERE.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
No communication can be attended to unless authenti
eated by the name and address of the writer.
Rejected communications cannot be returned.

THERMOMETER, Lowest, 49; Highest, 60; Noon, 56,

BAROMETER, 29.77.

WIND W.N.W.; cloudy, with occasional light showers.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Morning 0 min. after 0 I Evening .. 2 min. after 0

ously opposed thereto, it cannot for a mo-
ment be asserted that any agitation for that
purpose, so long as it was restricted within constitu-
tional limits, amounted to a crime. Unfortunately,
he transgressed the bounds within which he should
have remained; but his end and object was not
malum in se. The only point that could justly be
objected to was the mode by which he endeavoured to
attain his desire. Mr. O'Biturs never uttered
truculent and sanguinary speeches, such as
some of those ascribed to others of the
confederates. He never instructed his hearers in the
most approved art of bloodshed, in the best
mode of killing, burning, or destroying the opposing
forces. On the contrary, at every period he depre-
cated the atrocities suggested by others, and even dur-
ing the last acts that brought him within the meshes
of the law, he refrained from injuring, in any man-
ner, the constabulary that were within his power, or
the property which a word from him would have con-
signed to the flames.

It is by no means impossible that he never con-
templated actual violence, but that his intent
was to intimidate the Government into a compro-
mise. It is manifest that when he left Dublin on
the 22d of July, to visit Mr. MAHER, a gentleman
of unimpeachable loyalty, in pursuance of a long-
sent invitation, he had not the slightest intention of
an immediate insurrection. His engagements were
made for the following day to visit 'Wexford
harbour, and to meet a party at dinner.
When DILLON and MEAGHER arrived the next
morning with the intelligence of the suspension of
the Habeas Corpus Act, and of a warrant being
issued for his arrest, his statement to his host was to
the effect, " that he did not come to disturb the peace
of the house, but would go to Kilkenny to consult
some friends. As Mr. WHITESIDE so clearly proved
in his magnificent oration, all through his ruling
object appeared to be to avoid arrest ; but, along
with that there was also the general object of
effecting a change in the constitution of
the country, which brought him within the scope
of the law—in fact, he intended to make a demon-
stration of strength that might lead the Government
to succumb to his views and wishes. Of the three
overt acts at Mullinahone, Killenaule, and Bailin-

Barry, the two first were wholly unattended with
violence. He asked the six policemen, completely
powerless, and without available means of defence,
to surrender their arms; they most properly
refused, and he did not suffer their arms
to be taken by force, as could easily ha,,e
been done, ;but drew off his men ; so that the
police were enabled to pack up their goods and with-
draw without disturbance or opposition. At Kil-
lenaule a barricade was erected, but that was imme-
diately cast down and a clear road made for the
military when the party were assured that there was
no intention to attempt the capture of SMITE
O'BRIEN. Every article of provision or others
wise that was taken, every accommodation
received, was scrupulously paid for, even to the
last farthing; no force was used towards any person
who, however defenceless, refused to comply with
the requests of Mr.O'BRIEN, and, although there was
an attack made upon the police at Boulagh-common:
there is reason to suppose that it was wholly without
the assent
.of Mr. O'BRIEN, who interposed as a
mediator between the hostile ranks, at the imminent
risk of his life, his undefended bosom being
within a few inches of the police bayonets,
a slight movement of which would have
rendered this protracted trial wholly unneces-
sary. Indeed, the Lord Chief Justice, in his able
and lucid charge, wholly acquitted Mr. O'BRIEN of
having stimulated the party to attack the police, cr
of having uttered the words laid to his charge. Here;
then, we see that, although he unhappily participated
in the outbreak so as to subject himself to the penal-
ties of the law, he moderated the passions of his
associates, and that we are in a great degree indebted
to him for the preservation of life and prc.
perty in the disturbed districts. These, then,
we submit, afford ample and sufficient reasons why
the Government should comply with the recommefl-
dations:of the jury, and extend mercy to one who,
although in error, has in every instance acted in q.
manner becoming a high-minded and honourable
gentleman.

Military and naval improvements have latterly
begun to occupy a considerable portion of public at-
tern of education into the barrack, and of organizing•
somewhat more efficiently the arrangements of the,
dockyard, has at length been recognised. As yet,
however, there has not been any perceptible move-
ment towards the improvement and re-organization o'
a service of quite as much, if not of a still greater im-
portance—we mean, of course, the service of our
Artillery. While the current number of the Quar-
terly Review contains an intelligent article upon thc
subject of "Military Education," we observe with
pleasure in the number of Dolosan's Magazine sue
October au admirable paper upon the inefficiency 04
" Our Artillery." The extraordinary evils which
must inevitably result from a persistence in our pre-
sent conduct towards this branch of the public service
impels us to enforce the arguments of the last men-
tioned writer, by analysing and epitomising his
statements, and by accompanying that analysis and
epitome with our own commentaries.
Before the exigencies of our position, in as far
the inefficiency of the artillery service is concerned,
can be recognised and appreciated, it will be neces-
sary to give our readers, in as brief a manner an
possible, some notiontof the rudiments of this scientific
portion of the Unnatural Philosophy of offensive and
defensive warfare. A glance over the historiet.3
of the European races will reveal the won-
derful progress which has been made in
the science of artillery since the monk SCHWARTSt:
first contrived a projectile discharged by the detona-
tion of gunpowder. And the substitution of this ter-
rible instrument of destruction for the old and
clumsy appointments of the bowyers and galeators—t
wit the trebuchets, the robinets, the onagers, and
the aspringals—will be found to have led to the
establishment of the Ordnance-office in Great Britain
as early as the Protectorate of RICHARD the cele
brated Duke of Gloucester and afterwards King o!
England. To detail the, progressive .4advance-
ment of the institution from the appoint-
ment of Baur BraoD as Master-General!
in 1483, to that of DUDLEY in 1587, to that of ESSEX
in 1596, to that of SCHOMBERG in 1689, to that of
MARLBOROUGH in 1714, to that of LIGONIER in 175'7,
and so downwards to our own times, through KEMPT,
ANGLESEY, VIVIAN, MURRAY, and WELLINGTON,
would be apart altogether from our immediate object;
and would be liable rather to confuse the bearing of
our remarks than to afford any important illustration
to our arguments. It would, in like manner, be
superfluous in this place to enter upon any
technical definition of the differences existing be-
tween howitzers and carronades, between mortars and
rockets, between congreve rockets and shell rockets,
between shot rockets and carcass rockets. Such in-
formation may be gleaned from elementary works
like the Artillerist's Manual, or in fact from the details of the most superficial encyclopxdia
More to our purpose is it to define the distribution.,
of the artillery service into two great divisions;
namely, the Field Artillery and the Garrison
or
Siege Artillery—divisions which are felicitously de-
scribed by the writer in Dolman as " the poles of the
magnet, the one representative of defensive, the alic .
of offensive war ; the first of resistance, the last
of attack." From the pamphlet of Sir ROBERT Galt.
DINER there are some most instructing and copiour.
extracts illustrative of the precise number of guns
and gunners in our different insular garrisons. Our
present purpose, however, will be sufficiently satisfied
by conveying the condensed result of many diffused
calculations. For instance, the general summary of
garrison artillery enables us to arrive at these con-
clusions—that there are in

England
Scotland
Channel Islands
Ireland

Stations abroad .

1,454
.... ..... . 3,358

Total mounted garrison guns ... 4,812
For the service of this gross aggregate .of cannon our
artillery returns yield only the comparatively insig.,
nificant number of 9,000 gunners—being scarcer

t-xo gunners to each gun, " while the Field Artil- I
lirx- remains to be manned, and the various
airirnumeraries, non-commissioned officers, &c., to be '
Bewise accounted for, altogether requiring a propor-
tion of ten men to a gun !! !" Well may the writer
ezvihasis his deduction with three notes of admira-
tio-i. And in speaking of the disorganized condition
of the artillery he expresses himself in this forcible
L ---I sarcastic language :
" With the exception of the horse artillery, every
val_2lery soldier may be, and generally is, required to
•-e-forxa the various duties of a field, and the more
s.:t ious duties of a heavy artilleryman. His meta-
a' rphose from a gunner into a driver, or
1 from a driver into a gunner, is nothing to
th changes he undergoes. With FALSTAFF, he
fry say, ' I would to GOD my name were
fa t so terrible to the enemy as it is ; I were
b 4 tter to be eaten to death with rust than to be
sc nired to nothingwith perpetual motion.' He is at
me time in the laboratory making rockets, then
1 -nounting a gun on a devil-carriage, then dismount-
' I*2l. himself from a battery nag; here on the arsenal
I g. ound, there sweeping the parade ; in the morning
i. mortar practice, in the afternoon at infantry drill ! !
Eis existence is delightfully Protean, though, per-
haps, it claims a stronger resemblance to that of
a ose bustling spirits who abortively crowd the
1 bank of the Styx, or employ themselves, like Sisz-
! ?Ins and others, in doing what leads to no
p. ofitable result. We have always thought
t'-e dress of an artilleryman very significant; the
e. 'lours of the rainbow, carefully graduated, from the
1 ' i'olet of his trousers to the orange of his collar,
perfectly symbolize the prismatic variety of his duties,
aad :adapt themselves, picturesquely enough, to the
t : gimental motto of Übique."
With this preposterous diversity of employments,
'i' is manifest that no great excellence can be ever
acquired in any one of the manifold departments of
4 le profession. And coupling the incessant and de-
sultory occupation of the men with their paucity
c f numbers, it is obvious that the whole service
1 ,ants an infusion of strength and a general re-organi-
zation. It is peculiarly creditable to the intelligence
of Dolman's Magazine that this enormous exigency in
tae public service should have been so very clearly
r xposed through the medium of its pages, and that
t'ne voice of this monthly organ, in particular, should
) e amongst the foremost and the most audible in de-
l:.sanding a complete and searching investigation.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
There were various rumours current on Sunday as
the course of conduct which General CAVAIGNAC
and his colleagues were supposed to be about to adopt
n consequence of the vote of the Assembly on the
Pubject of President. On this subject we find the
following article in the Presse :
" It was rumoured yesterday that General Cavaig-
nac and all the Ministry had formed the design of
sending in their resignation en masse, in order to
alarm the majority, and force it to go back, this day
(;Monday), on its vote of Saturday, by means of some
-ndirect amendment—some desperate subterfuge.
3:t is possible that the National may still deceive itself
such a point as to suppose that no other Govern-
-nent is possible but the African arbitrary rule which
nas been in force since the 25th of June last; the
National may imagine that the majority, forced to
;he wall by the resignation of General Cavaignac,
could not End means of replacing him. If
,he National thinks so, it is strangely rn is-
-aken. Ministers of the ability of MM. Senard,
Goudchaux, &c., &c., are not difficult to find ;
-t is not necessary to stop in order to choose
them ; all that is required is to stoop down and pick
them up. A head of the executive power, a sort of
Bey of France Algerised, is a personage that can
,ntsily be done without; it suffices to have at the head
of the war department a sword, whose experience,
firmness, and sincerity give all kinds of guarantees ;
'nit General de Lamoriciere withdrawing, has not the
majority General Changarnier left? It cannot be
said of him that he has ever been undecided or doubt-
Lill, and that in order to expose his person, and at last
declare for one particular side, he waited until there
was neither peril nor merit. The lath of April is
there to answer for his firmness and sincerity. As to
the head of the new Cabinet, he is quite naturally
pointed out by the vote of Saturday. Is it not M.
Dufaure, who supported the views of the committee,
and achieved their triumph, when M. Marrast, the
reporter, voted against them ? If it were true that
General Cavaignac was retiring, which we do not be-
lieve, and that for many reasons the majority could
the Council, and confide to him the task of corn-
rmsing a new Ministry, M. Dufaure, as President of
the Council and Minister of the Interior, as was in
1831 M. Casimir Perier, would have this advantage,
that he would give all the guarantees possible to the
candidates for the office of President of the Republic.
With M. Dufaure there would be a certainty that the
sincerity of election would be scrupulously respected,
that no intimidation would be exercised, no fraud re-
main unpunished ! With M. Dufaure, France would
at last return to the reign of legality, without which
there can be neither security, nor confidence, nor
credit, nor work—four links of the same chain. The
majority will have so much the more reason to choose
M. Dufaure for President of the Council, that he has
not the slightest pretension to the Presidentship of the
Republic. Charged to form a cabinet, M. Dufaure
would not experience the slightest difficulty in doing
so. The National, therefore, will act wisely not to
depend too much on the embarrassment of the majo-
rity, for that journal, by an imprudent counsel, may
very well expose General Eugene Cavaignac not to
have in the Assembly any other part than that of
General Clement Thomas, the difference between
May 15 and June 25 being duly taken into con,
sideration."

Anger is a bad councillor, and the wrath of M.
EMILE DE GIRARDIN bath here overcome his pru-
dence. The object of the Judases of the Republic is
now avowed—it is to make M. DUFAURE President
of the Council of Ministers, because he has not the
slightest pretension to the Presidentship of the Republic.
Undoubtedly he has not : with M. DIIFAURE as Pre-
sident and General CRANGARNIIR as Commander-in-
Chief, it would not be their fault if there were no
Republic to have a President. M. D UPAURE, one of the
old Ministers of the corrupt court of LOUIS PHILIPPE,
sighs for the restoration of the " good things" which
then fell to the lot of a dynastic Minister; and CHAN.
GARNIRR, the personal friend and the ready flat-
terer of the ORLEANS dynasty, would fain play the part
BIIGEAUD in Algeria. That they would succeed in
eventually restoring the " dynasty " we do not for a
moment believe. It fell rotten from its own cor-
ruption—it fell because it was an organized falsehood
—it fell because there was no truth in it. Never-
theless, any attempt to restore it, although unsuc-
cessful, would be attended with much bloodshed and
much confusion; to avoid the chance of which it is
above all things necessary that the corrupt agents
of the corrupt monarchy should be kept altogether
aloof from power in the Republic.
The Patrie says—
" It is almost unanimously agreed in the two prin-
cipal clubs of representatives to endeavour to induce
the National Assembly to declare that the election of
the President of the Republic shall take place imme-
iiately after the section of the Constitution relative
•e the Executive Power has been voted. The club of
the Rue Taithout, or the Montague, does not reject
this opinion. The club of the Palais National and
the friends of the Government are alone in favour of
deferring the election of the President until after the
organic laws are passed.,

The first portion of the colonists for Algeria, 843
in number, left the Quai de Bercy yesterday morning
in six large boats, fitted up with every regard to their
comfort. They will proceed in these boats as far as
Jhalons, and from thence in steamers to the coast.
the Minister of War and several high military and

officers were present at the embarkation, and
took great interest in the arrangements. General

DE LAMoEICJERE addressed them in a speech of en

couragement, and promising that they should inces•
santly be the objects of the solicitude of the Govern.

'neut. After his speech, which was received with
,oud cries of "Vive la Republique ! Vive l'Algerie !
Vive la France ! and Vive LAMORICIERB !" M. Du-

FAURE, in the name of the National Assembly, and
TRZLAT, as President of the Committee on Agri-
. _ _

cultural Colonies, also addressed the colonists in a

•
",teling manner. Before the departure the Curb of
Bercy pronounced a benediction on the flag hoisted by
the colonists, and addressed to them a few words of

-,ncouragement and consolation.

The Moniteur contains the following :—" A jour-
nal announces, on the faith of a London paper, that
the Duchess of BERRY recently passed several days
I n Paris, and that the police, informed of her place of
-esidence, was content with watching her movements.
The first part of this news is false—the second is
c.bsurd."

c•••.
---- ,:)--
••• ."
' . *! 1'
• 1.. "42-,. ^ -4-
,
iZ
46 :r., , .:. ,' - Ir---4t)4 1`
' .4...
4 4 ,.;:."•• 1..-'. it,;;-;- . 4111W.Alfs, :-',t'.4 ~t '2
,i...,.z.ezm_
t?of, - ..,.,,...-.,-
--•;‘,:,.... - 4-, -, . ,t.--,t
4062tammor
1 , ""
0," irv(;Attl :. . i ~
x. , IL, a
.. ,