The Sun.
London, England, 1848-01-06 00:00:00

, __ . • . • .
1' II E Slti N. LONDON, THURSDAY
EVENING-
, JANUARY 6, lB4B
.............
4...."." •••••••""vv.........,
..,,,,„„.,......,,,,,,„....,,,,,............-••+ ...........••••,........................................,, .........-...-;.v**...............-v•------ •
INSTITU'FION FOR THE
2. u
kD t 'LT I latter scene; of the play was very fine. VP.' eele,-
TI M REVENUE FOR THE YEAR AND QUARTER ENDING JAN VARY 5, 1848. , disperse the
DEAF AND DM.-(THIS DAY.) i orated "Do it has never been more effectively given,' not elapsed.
call upon al
A special general eet. ' of ' to per
i
ri.i in;
tne governors and I and when she has acquired confidence, Mrs. Mowatt -
friends of the Institution for the Adult Deaf and No. 1.-.. An Abstract of the Net Produce of the Revenue of Great Britain in the Years and Quarters ended sth of January, 1847, and sth of January, the in the-Whit
w ill take a high rank in her profession. Mr. Daven-d
Dumb was held this morning at the Board-room, 26, lB4B, showing
in preservii
it shall b?
port's Clifford was excellent. We have long wznte Increase or Decrease on each head thereof.
Red Lion .square, Bloomsbury for the purpose of I a sheriff, &,.-..,.,
good juvenile tragedian, and we have great hopes ,
___,_
, ,I.l___A____,ear ended Jan. 5. Qr_____uarter et.tid_e_______,d Jan. 5.
"mining the pupils on th c .2
~,i n-of one prepari.Jg QUARTERS ENDED YEAR QUARTERS ENDED YEAR I;
that we have found one in Mr. Davenport. Cooper, - , ended 1
to leave the establishment. c cca-
° - - who was the Master Walter, acted the part carefully, r
April 5, , July 5, Oct. 10, Jan. b, Jaeuary 5, April 5, July
The meeting, which was •ver fullattended, h •
yy having as is his wont. The principal performers were called 1846 1446 184 G 1847 1847 1447 1847 1847 1848 1848 i
~ Increase. Decrease. Increase. 1 Deerea,e. Of every ir
been - ----- -
5, Oct. 10, Jan. 5, January 5, !i
--,.
J.
oPened by prayer for at the conclusion. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ x y
-...-..----.er, £ £ £ £ be aiding a
d. G. SIMPSOciI, /1- q., observed,
.that the purpo.ses customs •••• • ;..• •• •• •• 3,961,018 4,523,391 •
5,310,435 4,514,721 18,310,865 4,447,673 4,519,119 4,936,644 4,111,862 18,015;298 l' Customs... .......,
for which the SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. E.,1~ ..
ai • met was to ♦witness the exanii„,i. • Statnps .•• • • • ..• ...... 1,645,868 1,730,495 1,774,364 1,740,687 6,931,114 1,817,282 1,869,464 1,707,945 1,564,855 6,959,546 : Stamps ... ... .... •• . . 790,304 .... 361,272
tion of some Yf
BI,',TTING MANCHESTER.-- TuBsDAY.2B,I32 .• • . .• .. 175,832 ease of mu:
the present inmates of the charity, in ,-Taxes .••• • • . ..... ..... 146,142 2,006,427 209,940 1,909,899 4,272,408 130,892 2,075,001 217,885 1,514,783 4,331,561 1 Taxes ..... ......., 62,153 .... 4,884
order to as • • t HESTER t.,u11.---kitters ofProperty fax -•••• • • • • 1,963,882 1,009,162 1,972,124 450,219 3,395,391 2,033,072 1,036,517 1,918,645 462,567 5,450,801 Property Tax...... •• • • proclaimed
certain their respective capabilities and 55,410 •• • • 12,348
low,- Maiinet, and Jock o'Sot, but not a bet laid. rest-onice•••• -•••••• •• 215,000 181,000 217,000 203,000 816,000 219,000 215,000 222,000 208,000 864,000 ! Post-011ice'...... .... •• ..
48,000 .• • • 5,000 .... between 1(
their knowledge of religious I •
su )jects. The examine- DERBY.-01Ters to take 11 to 1 about Surpi
'ice. crown Lands •-•• • . • ... 45,000 .• 45,000 30,000 120,000 37,000 40,000 77,000 Crown Lazals ......
tiott would princi '''. AT
'''` 1,000 to 20 each age Swal •
Miscellaneous . .
73,126 11,746 184,926 Miscellaneous ...... •••• 43.000 10,000 •••• culprit or
all be directed to a -oung woman, ---------- .... 132,164 .• .. 17,911
'who, during the time she had been in ihe institution, .--- - 1 ----,
Total Ordinar 3- Revenue 9,735,790 12,573,187 13,889,103 12,486,338 48,684,418 110,430,377 13,013,614 12,612,191 11,560,696 47,616,878 ; Total .. ..
bad been instructed in needle ork of various de- t-martial was held
NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
China Money ••••• • • • • • • • 440,000 227,644 .. 667,644 ' .. • • .. China Money .... 193,605 1,V17,C235 32,232 957,874 an indictin
seriptions, andPORTSMOUTH, JAN. 5.-A cont..
v. t
Imprest Mon. eye, &C. • • 52,909 73,939 33,815 31,884 192,547 53,859 88,632 43 537 30,614 218,642 ! Imprest Moneys, &• • • .4-095 ) ' '44
• • • • • • .* to two ino
had b t 17understand the
been . aug tto this day on board her Majesty's ship lc ory, thefor.
Repaymentscckdvances 456 473 111,607 199,882 302,449 1,070,411 ! 164,568 137,944 187,486 74044 564,046 ! RepaymtsofA.dvnces: 2' • ' -• • ••• •• •• 1,,0
criptures. B • of the Birk- ' - . , .... , 4,06,265 .. 228,40: WDS left
But in addition to the female alluded • 1 f M Th-__ ---. -
to, several others would ' . . •with Total I'2 tcome .. '10,245,172 13,198,733 14,350,444 12,820,671 I 50,615,020 i 10,618,804 13,240,190 12,843,214 !11,665,3581 48,397,566 11
I gram wi.
trial o r. omas Ankers, carpenterer n .
-__ ____________ 1 ---------11
1--_. Total ... ... . . 217,790 2,435,244 32,232 1,187,545
uld be examined vrith the view
ofsacertaining their '' ' branches
Ireland.
1 1 provision (
progress in the variousbt enhead steamer, charged by Commander matnd
5,468,355 8,476,134 7 617 435 8 615 Deduct I Deduct
of industry carried el . recent) Amount app 6 066 ' 7 010,559 28,367,04 G ~ I 217 790 i 32,232 feel it Dec
on M the institution, the o jec s highly mutinous and insubor ma e conduct to the
officer of the watch, while the vessel _we
drums- y 898 30 177,822 1, 3,207,608 0,912 813 increase , -'- Increase
Of which were to receive the adult deaf and dumb, nist°tol: aas Adv unces .. •.
.. 140,000 91,501 '472,500 '837,500 1,541,501 ; 2,940,000 1,•724,311 %%78,084 '340,830 5,403,225 !;
I on 1 p,217,454 on the '1,155,313
which on!
whether the ,Ditto, as Wk es & Means Decrease : Decrea,e
t,,,,,, ;.,
•__ __Le educated or not, and to instruct employed on the coast of Ireland, and also for
of the Year-- ••••• .. .. 4,636,817 4,631,098 6,260,509 3,367,273 18,695,697 I 5,461,196 7,113,698 5,126,232 4,889,744 22,890,9701' your C3lll
enness.
e _A..i..t• 44...., .....,M m, 4, --- -4. •*,.. POITIDOSed of Captain W. F. Martin, - . ---. the Year. , I Quarter.
1 Cotal .• • ••110,245,172 13,198,733 14,350,444 12,820,671 1 50,615,020 ‘11,608,804 18,750,822 '13,760,382 '12,241,133 56,361,141 li
" - - ( Lieutenan
* Exclusive of Advances and inclusive of Loan, of police,
frir, in czril

INSTITUTION FOR. THE ADULT
DEAF AND DUMB.—(THIS DAY.)
A special general meeting of the governors and
friends of the Institution for the Adult Deaf and
Dumb was held this morning at the Board-room, 26,
Red Lion-square, BloJrnsbury, for the purpose of
examining the pupils, on the cccasion of one preparing
to leave the establishment.
The meeting, which was very fully attended, having
been opened by prayer,
J. G. SIMPSON, F.- q., observed, that the purposes
for which they had met was to witness the exaniina•
Con of some of the present inmates of the charity, in
order to ascertain their respective capabilities and
their knowledge of religious subjects. The examina-
tiou would principally be directed to a young woman,
who, during the time she had been in the institution,
bad been instructed in needlework of various de-
scriptions, and had been taught to understand the
Scriptures. But, in addition, to the female alluded
'to, several others would be examined, with the view
of ascertaining their progress in the various branches
of industry carried on in the institution, the objects
of which were to receive the adult deaf and dumb,
whether they were educated or not, and to instruct
them in some trade, by means of which they would
hbsequently be enabled to sustain themselves by
eir own honest exertions.
The Rev. Dr. STOLLE, of the University of Laden,
tien proceeded to put different questions to the young
woman, who was about to quit the establishment, by
neaps of writing on a large slate board erected for
_
purp,,,se. The answers were communicated by a
smile e process, and many remarks of satisfaction
!id surprise were elicited by the rapid and correct,
Is not intelligent replies set forth. In accordance
pith the request of some person in the body of the
fleeting, the reverend gentleman wrote—" What is
3rod?" to which the pupil almost immediately at-
tached the answer—" Love, mercy, and goodness."
tti answer to the same inquiry, one of the male pupils
wrote " A spirit."
The interesting proceeding continued for some
time, and the answers in general fully proved the
efficiency of the superintendance of the teacher, Mr.
B. Murray, who assisted the Rev. Dr. Stolle in his
examination of the pupils.
The report of the society was read, and laid upon
the table, from which it appears that
" After anxious but unavailing attempts to induce
another society whose funds appeared sufficient to
continue their superintendence and aid to the deaf
and dumb beyond the period of childhood, this so-
ciety was instituted at a public meeting held on the
21st day of August, 1841, under the presidency of the
Right lion. Lord Calthorpe. It was established for
the large and generous purpose of rescuing the adult
deaf and dumb from ignorance, vice, and misery, and
rendering them useful and happy members of society,
and preparing them to receive the blessings of im-
mortality. For these great ends arrangements were
made to enable the society to afford instruction to
those who had received none ; to continue and ad-
vance the education of such as had attended schools;
to teach the trades of tailoring, shoemaking, and mil-
linery; to afford to the deaf and dumb the advantages
arising from innocent and cheerful society amongst
themselves ; and, above all, to make them acquainted
with the gospel of truth, and habituate them to regu-
lar exercises of devotion.
" All these means are now in operation in the in-
stitution, where a fully qualified teacher, a mistress
of general needlework and millinery, a master tailor
and master shoemaker reside, and devote their whole
time to their respective duties. Prayers are read
morning and evening, and on Sundays the chapel is
open, not only to inmates of the institution, but to
all deaf and dumb persons and their friends, with
whom prayers are said, and religious instruction is
communicated forenoon and evening, in a manner
adapted to reach the understanding and the
heart of those who attend. There are now
' eighteen persons under instruction in the insti-
tution. The benefits of the charity are not, how-
ever confined to the inmates. The poor and
afflicted deaf and dumb from all parts of this great
city apply to this society for advice, employment, and
alms. Many of them are visited at their own dwell-
ings ; and the teacher is occasionally called to the gaols
and police cells to afford advice, and generally when
on such errands to shield humanity in its lowest de-
gradation from responsibility to human laws, which
they neither understand nor appreciate.
" In carrying out these objects, and making neces-
sary alterations on the house, a debt of about 4501.
has been incurred. To assist in liquidating this debt,
the committee have presented a memorial to the Cor-
poration of the city of London ; and considering the
nature and extent of the benefits which this institu-
tion—the only one in the kingdom—will be enabled
to confer upon a suffering and afflicted class of so-
ciety, if supported by adequate means, the committee
tender their best and anxious exertions to promote
the objects of the institution, and hope to be favoured
with that counsel and aid from this meeting, which
will enable them to carry out the beneficent purposes
of the society to a greater extent than they have
hitherto been enabled to do."
A variety of questions were put to the " hearing
masters" of the shoemaking and tailoring depart-
ments, and from the replies given it appeared that
the deaf and dumb, although not so easily taught as
those possessing the powers of speech and hearing,
were found to be very apt ; and, comparatively speak-
ing, but little difficulty was experienced in instruct-
ing the several trades.
The meeting then separated.

NAVAL INTELLIGENC
PORTSMOUTH, JAN• 5.—A court-martial was held
this day on board her Majesty's ship Victory, for the
trial of Mr. Thomas Ankers, carpenter of the Birk-
enhead steamer, charged by Commander Ingram with
highly mutinous and insubordinate conduct to the
officer of the watch, while the vessel was recently
employed on the coast of Ireland, and also for drunk-
enness.
The Court was composed of Captain W. F. Martin,
of her Majesty's ship Prince Regent, president;
Captain H. D. Chads, C. 8., of the Excellent ; Captain
It. A. Yates, of the Blenheim ; Captain W. Ramsay,
of the Terrible ; Captain C. Eden, of the Victory ;
with Mr G. L. Greetham as Deputy Judge Advo-
cate. The charges were fully proved by several
officers and others belonging to the Birkenhead, and
the Court, after mature deliberation, have sentenced
Ankers to be dismissed her Majesty's service, rendered
incapable of serving her Majesty again, and to be
imprisoned for six months in Winchester gaol, the
last ten days to be solitary.
A telegraphic order came down this day for the
Birkenhead to e aid off. She is again in want
of much repair ;she is an iron vessel, and not very

No. ll.—lncome and Charge of the Consolidated Fund, in the Quarters ended the sth January, 1847, and the sth January, 1818.

Quarters ended Jan. 5.

CIIARGE.

Permanent Debt .• •• • • .........
..
.........................
Terminable Annuities.. •................
..
......................
Interest on Exchequer-bills issued to meet the charge on the Consolid,
sinking Fund
To,ltoieC,AidevvilliaanLrcgisesets
i. *
............................
..

5,806,728
579,706

Laud Fund .•• •• • •

Customs
Excise • •
Stamps •
Taxes • •

98,567
381,891
310,830

Total Cli

largo • • .. .• - • • • • •

7,207,632
5,043,097

The Surplus • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

12,250,729

safe.
The Terrible steam-frigate went to Spithead this
morning. She sails for Lisbon and Malta on Sa-

The Surplus Income on the 10th of October, 1847 ........ .........
The Surplus Income on the sth of January, 1848, as above ..... • •

729,195
5,043,097

5,772,292

12,834,667

12,250,729

The Amount issued in the Quarter ended Jan. 5, 1848, in part of the Si
Consolidated Fund, for Supply Services.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ****** '

;tuns granted by Parliament out of the

4,889,774

turday.
Lieutenant Mansfield, late of the Water Witch,
has been promoted to Commander.
WooLwiem, JAN. s.—The whole of the workmen
in Woolwich Dock-yard were inspected, at one
o'clock to-day, by Commodore Sir Gordon Bremer,
K.C.8., K.C.H., each man passing through the pay-
office in numerical order. It is some time since a
similar inspection took place, and it is supposed to
be preparatory to the superannuation of the most
aged workmen, that young and efficient hands may
be employed, wh ) would also be eligible to serve in
the Dock-yard Battalion. The officers of that corps
are engaged every day for an hour in the drill exer-
cises of the battery guns. The battery at the land-
ing place is now finished, and has a very excellent
and substantial appearance.

882,548

The Surplus of the Consolidated Fund, Quartet ended sth of January,

1848...... •• .... ..

vice is not the less pernicious when crime is exte-
nuated, and when the criminal is spoken of as an
object :aggrieved and injured, and so held up to the
commiseration of the public. Gentlemen, having
now called your attention, as far as I can to the actual
state of the country, it seems to me, in reference
to your duties as grand jurors and magistrates, in the
ordinary discharge of your duty, important that I
should call your attention to the provisions of the law,
with which, perhaps, some of you are unacquainted.
I shall first direct your attention to a code of laws
called the " Whiteboy Acts "—a code which is pecu-
liar to Ireland, and which is inoperative except where
the country is disturbed, and in a state contemplated
by the Legislature when it enacted those statutes ;
and, in reference to the present state of the country,
I lament to say that it appears to be exactly that de-
scribed so long ago as the year 1776. The recital of
the Act of that year says, whereas it has frequently.
happened of late years in different parts of this king-
dom, that several persons calling themselves Whiteboys
have assembled and injured the properties of many of
his Majesty's subjects, and have carried away
arms, and have compelled the owners of property
to surrender up and quit their habitations, and have
by threats and violence bound such persons by illegal
oaths, and have sent threatening letters, and induced
many of her Majesty's subjects to join them, to the
fear and dread of the well-disposed, be it enacted,"
&c. Now, gentlemen, unfortunately, all those prac-
tices seem to prevail to a most alarming extent in
your county, and it is your duty to put an end to
them. The first provision of the statute to which I
have already referred relates to the bearing of arms,
and it enacts, that if persons armed in the manner
therein described shall assemble by day or night to
the terror of the peaceable subjects of the realm, they
shall be indicted, and upon conviction shall be deemed
guilty of a high misdemeanour, be liable to fine and
imprisonment, and be made give security for their sub-
sequent good conduct. You will observe that this
Act makes the bearing of arms, to the terror of the
Queen's subjects, a very serious misdemeanour, and
one liable to severe punishment. Gentlemen, I must
now call your attention, connected with this subject,
to the provision of the late Act of Parliament, to
which I before adverted, and by looking into it you
will find that the Lord Lieutenant, having, by his
proclamation, declared the county of Limerick to be
subject to its provisions, no persons can now, unless
those specially exempted, either have or carry arms
without committing an offence; for the mere carry-
ing of arms is an offence by this Act, except where
a proper license is obtained. Up to a particular
period arms may be carried or kept in the house of
any man, but after that time elapses, even within a
habitation, no arms can he kept without a violation
of this law, incurring a penalty of two years im-
prisonment—unless, as 1 said before, by perons
qualified to bear them—so teat you see this late Act,
in connexion with the Whiteboy Statutes, has, as
far as was possible, provided against the improper
use of arms, and has provided the means of disarm-
ing the population, except where those in power
think proper to sanction their use for the protection
of life and property. I shall now, gentlemen, call
your attention to the other sections of the Whiteboy
Acts, and you will find that the various offences
which they specify will be, every one of them, fout.d
upon your calendar—offences which, on conviction,
make the party convicted liable to transportation,
fine, or imprisonment. I will not enumerate them
to you, as it_would be an unnecessary waste of time,
but I may say that it is plain that they are all mis-
demeanours of the highest character, which would
call on the Court for the infliction of heavy punish•
ment, having of course regard to the precise nature
of the case. There is, gentlemen, another provision
of the law to which I wish most particularly to direct
your attention—a provision which is not to be found
in the Whiteboy Acts, but which appears as the
common law of the land—l allude to the law with
respect to accessories. "An accessory before the fact is
one who, being absent at the time of the commission
of a crime, shall procure, or counsel, or command
another to commit a crime." You see, gentlemen,
what a wide and general description this is, and how
completely calculated it is to involve in the accessorial
class of offences all persons who stimulate or lend
their countenance to, the commission of a crime subse-
quently committed ; but, in addition to this law, there
is an Act of Parliament in force in Ireland with re-
spect to murder—and persons sa ho conspire with
others to have a murder committed—by which it
appears that persons so convicted are guilty of a
capital offence, although absent from the scene of
murder. Persons convicted of conspiracy to murder
are punishable by death even if the crime never
took place. It is sufficient to prove the conspiracy to
convict them, as you will see by referring to the
Act. Its words are these :—." All persons conspir-
ing, confederating, and agreeing to murder any per-
son, shall be guilty of felony, and being convicted
thereof shall suffer death as felons." I may here re•
mark that although the law in England, that an ac-
cessory before the fact of murder can only be con-
victed of being an accessory if the crime be
com-
mitted, it differs in Ireland, and the mere conspiracy
to commit the crime of murder, which may never take
place, constitutes the offence. Having called your
attention to the law and the consequence of its viola-
tion, I would wish now to make a few observations to
you as magistrates, and to refer you to certain means
the law affords of preventing crime ; and one of those
is that provision relating to vagrancy. I need not
tell you that it is not uncommon—that it is in fact a
very common practice for strangers to commit crimes
—parties not resident in the county in which they
take place; and I therefore wish, with reference to
this practice, to say a few words. It was to put an
end to that system that the 50th of Geo. 111., chap.
102, was passed; and it enacts, " that it may be
lawful for any justice of the peace in Ireland to
arrest and bring before him any stranger found
wandering about, and examine him or her on oath as
to his or her place of abode—the place from whence
he or she came—his or her mode of life—his
or her object in leaving home ;" and unless such per-
sons could give a satisfactory reply to all those ques-
tions, they could be convicted by any magistrate, and
fined or imprisoned until they procured security for
their good conduct, or the magistrate thought fit to
discharge them. Now, gentlemen, in my opinion,
that is a power of a most salutary character--a power
which ought to be acted on ; in fact, I cannot con-
ceive, in the present state of this country, when the
practice of hiring strangers to commit crime is so
common, an Act which could be turned to more useful
purposes. Gentlemen, the provisions of the law with
respect to riot is also deserving of your most particu-
lar attention, and I advert to them because I under-
stand a notion has gone abroad that in cases of riots
the interference of a magistrate ought not to take
place until the Riot Act had been read, and until an
hour after its reading had elapsed. That is
the greatest possible mistake. No doubt the
highly penal consequences of riot will not
be uncurred until an hour has elapsed ; but
when there is a riot the duties of the magistrate and
peace officers are instant, and ought not to remain
inactive for one moment—it is only necessary, gen-
tlemen, to refer to the Act to show that to delay an
hour or a minute in quelling a. riot is at variance with
the law. You will find according to the 3d Geo.
111., chap. 9, which was passed before the Riot Act,
"That wherever there may be a riot every justice of
the peace, and all other peace officers, shall use their
utmost endeavours to disperse the same, and have the
rioters punished according to law." Now, gentlemen,
that Act is in full force, applying not simply to the
cases of riots, but to all unlawful and tumultuous as-
semblies, making it the duty of the magistrates to

by an Act of Parliament, which has just recently re-
ceived the royal assent and become the law of the land,
speaks of the state of the country in these words :
" Whereas, in consequence of the prevalence of crime
and outrage in certain parts of Ireland, it is necessary
to make provision for the better prevention thereof."
Gentlemen, his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant has
the execution of the powers stated in that Act, and he
has issued his proclamation in pursuance of it, by and
with the advice and assistance of the Privy Council,
by means of which, the whole of your county, together
with very extensive districts in Ireland, are made
subject to its provisions, which are now binding upon
every inhabitant, every inmate, and every stranger
within their precincts. Her Majesty's Government
on further consideration, on mature consideration of
the actual state of things, have also issued this special
commission in order that justice may be speedily admin-
istered—the urgency of the times admitting of no delay,
not even to the ordinary period for visiting yourcounty.
All circumstances, indeed, concur in justifying the opi-
nion that danger to a considerable extent prevails, and
unfortunately that opinion is fully confirmed by the ca-
lendar which I hold in my hand, and which contains a
frightful detail of every crime and of every atrocity
by which our common nature can be disgraced ; for,
besides evincing a general spirit of insubordination,
and a prevalence of crime in the country, it is per-
perfectly plain from the character of the offences, and
the circumstances attending their perpetration, that
there prevails in this county an extensive combina-
tion for purposes intended to be achieved by the
commission of every crime that can be committed in
violation of the laws of God and man ; and it is not
too much to say that unless the progress of this
dreadful calamity be arrested and speedily resisted,
that the very bonds of our social system will be dis-
solved altogether, weakened and relaxed as they are
at the present moment. Gentlemen, it does further
appear that the principal object of this combination
and of those confederacies is the destruction of the
right of landlords. Fraud, violence, and intimi- ,
dation, all are recurring—and even murder itself
is perpetrated in order to prevent or to frustrate
the landlord in the execution of his legal rights
and duties—and I hesitate not to say, that if the de-
signs attempted to be effected by such means were to
be accomplished, the necessary and particular effect
would be, that the occupiers of the land must become
substantially its proprietors. But, gentlemen, we
should take a very limited view of this calamity if
we consider that those outrages are exclusively con-
fined to interferences with the rights or remedies of
landed proprietors ; in truth, the spirit of wickedness
once let loose knows no bounds and acknowledges no
distinction, consequently the persons and property of
individuals of all classes are indiscriminately assailed
and plundered; and if those practices be not arrested
and prevented, it is impossible to say that there will
exist in this country either the dominion of the
law or safety of life or property. Gentlemen,
according to my means of information, it does
appear to me that the actual perpetrators of
those outrages are comparatively limited in num-
bers; and I believe their spirit is as dastardly
as their numbers are limited, and that it re-
quires but a steady administration of the law, and a
decided opposition by those who value the safety of
person and property shortly and effectually to extin-
guish those evils. However, I may here observe,
that you will form a very imperfect idea of the actual
state of the country, if' you look merely to the num-
ber of those who are the actual disturbers of the pub-
lic peace from the calendar ; for unfortunately Ido
believe that the actual perpetrators of crime are aided
and abetted by persons who hope to profit by their
crimes ; and also I believe that a much larger por-
tion of the population endeavour to conceal crime,
either in hopes of benefiting by its commission, or
from actual apprehension or terror ; such persons for-
bear to give the law their protection and assistance,
which it is equally their duty and interest to afford—
and therefore they contribute, actively contribute
to a state of things which must end in their own
oppression—in their own subjugation—in their
own tyranny, for I can call it by no other
name, which distracts the country, and must
involve all in common misery. Gentlemen, there
is another class of persons, who although neither sti-
mulating or conniving at those practices, appear to
have followed a course not to be approved of, appear
to have forgotten what was their bounden duty. I
am afraid that such a state of things as we witness
constantly is a decided proof of apathy and indiffe-
rence on the part of a large class of the Queen's sub-
jects from whom the support of the laws might be
expected. Persons of the description I allude to are
too apt to proclaim that the laws and the Government
of the country have not afforded that assistance which
might be afforded ; but, gentlemen, they should recol-
lect that without the assistance of her Majesty's sub-
jests, without the co-operation which it is their duty
to afford, the law
must remain a dead letter ; that, in
fact, no laws, or no
Government, can afford relief,
unless every man assists in the preservation of the
public peace. Gentlemen, as Ihave adverted to what
may be fairly termed the principal object of this ille-
gal confederacy, I may be allowed here to observe
that perhaps at no period—certainly at no period,
looking to land as the means of affording sub-
sistence to a large portion of the population—does
there appear to be on that account less reason for in-
terfering with the rights and remedies of landlords;
because you are all aware that the principle " that
every individual has a right to be supported by the
land," is not only now acknowledged in the abstract,
but is embodied in an Act of Parliament in full exe-
cution, by which the most stringent measures are
afforded for the relief of the poor under all circum-
stances, and at the cost and expense of that very
class of persons against whose rights there is this
general opposition. In regarding the consideration
whether the calamity under which this country la-
boured under the providence of God may have been
the cause of these dreadful outrages, I am bound
here to say that the patience and fortitude, the
enduring fortitude, with which that calamity was
submitted to and borne by a large portion of the
population has been, generally speaking, in the
highest degree exemplary, and as a proof of it I do
not find in the calendar before me, or after the ex-
perience of the last three circuits, a single case in
which destitution and distress, arising from the visi-
tation of God, led to those illegal confederacies, or
stimulated any of those outrages. Gentlemen, the
deplorable state of things
which have led to our as-
sembling have been ascribed to various causes of a
social and political character. With the investigation
of those causes, and with the reasonableness of those
opinions we have nothing whatever to do—we have
no power to investigate causes—we have no power
of redress ; for the only redress which this court can
administer is, redress to the peaceable, to the loyal
and industrious, by putting an end to the system by
which they are held in thraldom, and by which their
properties are rendered insecure and their persons
liable to be assailed. But, gentlemen, there
is still another reason which I have not
adverted to -- we are here to administer the law,
which does not admit of any cause or any
fact as an excuse or justification for the commission
of crime. The law cannot tolerate its own violation.
Wrongs there may be—injury and sufferings
there may be—affording just ground of complaint;
but it is perfectly plain that, however those
sufferings may ba aggravated, they never can be
alleviated or redressed by the violation of the law
of the land. Those, if there be any such, who dis-
seminate opinions, or who give advice to others to
act in opposition to those simple truths, incur, in my
mind, a most serious responsibility ; and in my
opinion that responsibility, Ind the danger of that ad-

FRENCH PLAYS::7ST. JAMES'S

disperse them, even although an hour or a minute had

not elapsed. I will now proceed to call your attention
to another provision of a preventive kind. By a clause
in the Whitehoy Acts it is expressly provided—" That
it shall ba lawful for every justice of' the peace,
sheriff, 80., to render all necessary assistance, and to
call upon all his Majesty's loyal subjects to assist them
in preserving the peace." That Act made it the duty
of every man, under the penalty of being convicted
of a misdemeanor, and suffering its punishments, to
be aiding and assisting in enforcing the law of the
land ; and by the 16th section of the late Act, in every
case of murder magistrates and peace officers in'the
proclaimed districts have a right to call on all persons
between 16 and 60 Tars of age to search for the
culprit or culprits, and make them amenable to
justice, and those neglecting to do so were subject to
an indictment for misdemeanour, and on conviction
to two months' imprisonment. In fact, that which
was left at large by the former statutes is now es-
pecially enjoined. Gentlemen, there is but onekther
provision of the late Act of Parliament to which I
feel it necessary to call your attention—a provision
which ought to be known to you, and every one in
your county, and in • every proclaimed district in
Ireland. By a section of the new statute the Lord-
Lieutenant has the power of sending a large increase
of police, and to charge the proclaimed barony or dis-
trict in which they are located with the costof their sup-
port—he may send whatever number of men he thinks
proper, and their maintenance will be levied off the
occupiers as well as the owners of land, in the same
way that the grand jury cess is levied. Gentlemen,
I have now called your attention to all the statutes I
thought it necessary to refer to, and I would again
impress them upon your careful consideration. I
have shown you the nature of the cases that will come
before you, and I have stated the law relating to
them. I have not myself the least doubt but that the use
of those means which are at the disposal of the anthori.
ties will be sufficient to prevent crimes and restore
tranquillity. I speak, gentlemen, from very ample ex-
perience. It is not the first time that conflicts such as
the

,ese have taken place between incendiaries and the
aw of the land, but the result has always been the
same. The law has always triumphed; the designs
of the wicked were always frustrated, whilst the law
has been signally vindicated. That which has hap-
pened before will happen again, for the law is the
same now as it was before. Can any man say there
is less zeal and anxiety on the part of these who
administer the laws to give them effect ? Can culprits
expect to escape now who have been overtaken before?
They cannot escape; and I will advisedly say, that
those who treat with impunity the law which is
made for the protection of all, will find, sooner or
later, that they will become amenable to justice, and
be punished ; justice will overtake them by some
means or other, perhaps by the treachery of their
own accomplices in guilt. You will now, gentlemen,
proceed to the discharge of your duties, and let me
remind you that upon the firm discharge of those
duties, and the duties of the petit jury, depend the
conviction of crime. I have no doubt you will per
form your parts fairly and honestly, and I hope the
result will be the means of restoring the country
from being a disgrace to our common nature to her
proper position, and thereby remove the staina that
crime has brought upon her.
His Lordship charge occupied nearly an hour in
its delivery, and was listened to with breathless
silence.
The Grand Jury having retired to consider the
several bills of indictment submitted to them by the
Crown, the petit jury were discharged until to-
morrow morning, at ten o'clock, when the first trial
will take place.
. Their Lordships sat nearly the entire day in calling
on the prisoners to plead, according as bills were found.
It is scarcely necessary to say that in every case the
plea recorded was " not guilty."
The Court rose at,five o'clock.