The Sun.
London, England, 1848-07-10 00:00:00

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S AT, JULY 10, 1848.

AMERICAN NEWS.

LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY.
Another of those remarkably rapid passages, for
which our merchants are indebted to the enterpri,e
of the North American Mail Company, has again
been completed by the company's steam-ship Ame-
rica, under the command of Captain Judkins, who, it
will be recollected, made the shortest known rut) out
wards between this port and Boston. This fine vessel
has now come home in eleven days, having departed
from Boston harbour at noon of the 28th ult.
Her correspondence, embracing the period of a
week, informs us of a third candidate having been
started for the United States presidency, in the
person of Martin Van Buren, nominated on the
democratic side by the "Barnburners" section, in
oppositio❑ to General Cass. The Whigs, remaining
constant to their first choice in General Taylor, ap•
pear to have every prospect of carrying the day, and
as auxiliaries to the war have already started their
two organs, "grapeshot" and the " campaign" to
assist in getting up the steam to working point by
the momentous day of election.
Accounts from Mexico have been received down to
the Ist of June from the capital, and the 7th from
Vera Cruz.
The troops were moving homeward. General
Patterson's division left the city of Mexico on the
30th May. General Marshall's was to follow on the
Ist June, and on the sth General Butler was to start
in company with Mr. Sevier.
General Butler has issued an order declaring that
no soldier will be discharged from service until his
arrival in New Orleans or other port of destination.
This effectually settles the project of organizing in
Vera Cruz a force for relieving Yucatan.
The deserters from the American volunteers„num-
bering some 1,000, have, it appears, proved an effi-
cient support to the Government of Pena-y-Pena.
The populace regarded the commissioners and escort
with ill-disguised dislike, and actually insulted them.
Santa Anna is said to be busy in endeavouring to
repair his fallen fortunes, by getting up a party in
Mexico.
The Mexican Government has purchased 3,000
muskets and 40,000 cartridges.
St. Otero has introduced into the Mexican Con-
gress a proposition to send immediate and efficient
aid to Yucatan.
A Bill has also been introduced for the reorganiza.
tion of the Mexican army, the regular force to con.
sist of 10,000 men, to which is to be added a Nationa
Guard.

Later news from Yucatan shows that a dreadful
state of things still exists there. The Amigo del
Pueblo, published at Campeachy, states that the
British Minister in Mexico had received the official
communication from the Yucatan Government,
offering the sovereignty and dominion of Yucatan to
Great Britain, in case assistance and protection were
offered, and that the Minister had written to his
Government earnestly urging the compliance with
the offer.
The whole coast from the port of Cilam to Cape
Catoche, and thence to Bacalar, is now in possession
of Pat and Chi, and their blood-thirsty followers.
More than 100,000 persons are now crowded into
the capital ofYucatan, and should it unfortunately fall
into the hands of the savages, but a portion of these
refugees could be saved, owing to the small number of
vessels now on the coast.

Advices from Hayti inform us that, in consequence
of the disturbed state of affairs, all the coloured popu-
lation are emigrating, and the business of Port-au-
Prince, at least, was expected to fall into the hands of
foreigners. President Soulouque was expected to
arrive at Jeremie about the 10th June with 3,000 or
4,000 troops.
. _

All was quiet at Gonaives on the 4th, and the mu-
lattoes were acting as soldiers in defence of their own
property. The negroes, it was reported, had had a
bloody fight near Jacrnel, in which about 200 men
and children were killed. Their blood was drunk by
the maddened wretches who slew them.
In the commercial markets of the Union, depression
still seems the order of the day, and as far as flour
and bread stuffs are concerned, appears likely to con-
tinue so until prices are brought sufficiently low to
admit of a profitable outlet to this country. That
they will come to this ere many months elapse may
be reasonably deduced from the large stocks now
holding over in America ; the splendid appearance of
this year's growing crops, and the absence of any
active European demand which might otherwise assist
in counteracting these influences, and with almost
unprecedented low rates of freight, and the total re-
peal of all import duty in February next, our home
farmers would do well to put their houses in order,
and to be prepared to meet, as best they may, such
prices for grain as have but seldom if ever been wit-
nessed in this country.
The receipts and exports of cotton continue on an
extensive scale.

f~~

7'._.‘,,,',C.--4,'",

LAMARTINE.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SU.N.
Srn,—l had written a letter in the same spirit as
your correspondent's of Cheltenham,and would have sent
it, had not his, which so well answers the purpose, an.
ticipated my intention. Allow me to tender my as•
suranee that there are many other " circles of congenial
spirits" ready to manifest their high regard of
Lamartine.
" The Sun will take up his cause," we have repeatedly
said, when about to use our pens in refutation of the
slanderous throes of decaying fictionists. We bess
praise such a man as Lamartine by our silence. Let
not our silence be regarded as a pause in our grateful
admiration.

[PRICE SD.

TO THE SECRETARY OF TILE
BRADFORD REFORM ASSOCIATION.
Sir,-0:1 Wednesday, the 4th, the Sites for Places
of Worship (Scotland) Bill was discussed in Com-
mittee. A movement fbr cutting down the applica-
tion to the quantity actually concerned, by limiting
it to the Free Church of Scotland, was lost only by
.55 to 58. The preamble of the Bill is a curiosity.
It begins by setting forth, that "according to te,
laws and policy of this kingdom, her Majesty's sub.
jects enjoy the rights 'of religious toleration ;" and
jumps to the conclusion that toleration means having
the power to take men's lands without their consent
When the French Constitution is criticised for its in•
terpretation of the rights of labour, this British
version of the rights of toleration ought to be remem-
bered as a parallel.
On Thursday pore on Mr. ITume's adjourned mo-
tion for ReforgleSPThe principal argument advanced
against it, rvat there was no popular demand.
So if anybody wants it, they must only say so. The
point round which influential support seems easiest to
be gathered, is the inequality of the electoral division.
The principle coolly put forward by the agricultural
and protectionist benches, is that it is fitting, desir-
able, and to be maintained as long as the possibility
exists, that an agriculturist shall have forty votes in
the ouse of Commons for the manufacturer's one ;
or which comes to the same thing, three hundred
agriculturists shall have as many voices in
Parliament as twelve thousand manufacturers.
This is stated to be the thing as it is and as it ought
to be ; and it is added that the agriculturists would
be oppressed and ruined men if it were altered. Now
what manner of men are they, and what do they sup-
port, who can only'maintain their ground by having
' forty votes to one of other people's ? The planters in
the West Indies were hardly under a more desperate
necessity. There is no doubt of the manufacturing
interest having been a long way behind the agri-
cultural in the elements of power, or so strange
a state of things could not at this time
have existed. But it is not in that condition
now ; and moreover it is rapidly advancing, while the
other is standing still. The nature of the final solu-
tion of the problem is therefore not difficult to be
divined.
If the agricultural interest set up a claim to being
paid with twenty shillings in the pound, while the
manufacturing should be paid with sixpence, there
would be something so ludicrously absurd as to make
it difficult to lead men to understand the proposition.
Yet the proportion of injustice is only the same as in
the other case. We shall see how long the manufac-
turers go on taking sixpence in the pound.
It was understood that the policy of the Conserva-
tives was to be, not to reply. The war was ably car-
ried into their quarters by the Member for Middlesex
(Mr. Osborne); and the support of the Member for
the West Riding (Mr. Cobden) was most earnest and
impressive.
The number that voted for the motion was encou-
raging. It is but a few weeks since the Members of
the House of Commons who could be found in favour
of it went by the title of "the fifty-one ;" and now
they are swelled into 86. It can hardly be doubted
that fourteen more would have been found willing to
join, if they had known the division would have been
so strong, and bad been presented with a vision of the
questions which will be asked them by constituents.
So that there is nothing extravagant in considering
the party as of the respectable dimensions of a hun-
dred, which is an amount that carries with it parti-
cular ideas in parliamentary calculation.
A point or two to clarify, may usefully be noted.
In the debate there appeared to be some puzzle,
whether the electoral repartition ought to be based
on population, or on property, or how. The answer
to which appears to be, that it ought to be based on
the number of voters as from time to time arising
out of the law upon the suffrage. First settle your
suffrage, and then give Members in proportion to the
number of suffragists. This seems to be what Mrs.
Glasse or any other sensible person would direct. A
great difficulty is taken out of the way, by establish-
ing that equability and not equality of division is the
thing essential. IVhether a re-adjustment may not
in fifty years be wanted, may be left to those that
see the case. Something was heard in the debate, on
the old dispute upon the meaning of a right, and
whether the suffrage is a right. The original mean-
ing of right (rectum) and droit (directum) is some
thing that is ruled or laid down by authority ; and
to this sense lawyers are fond of confining it. But
the laity have always had a propensity to apply the
term to things which are not laid down, but oril.‘
ought to be. And in this sense is is that suffrage is
claimed as a right for those that have it not. It i.
claimed on the same grounds as equality before the
law ; and equality before the law, the lawyers would
tell us, is only a right when a man has got it. It is
plain that they are meaning one thing, and we another.
On Friday went on the eternal debate on Sugar.
The Government bas once already given an intima-
tion, that if the West Indians persist in opposition it
would be practicable to leave things as they are. If
all things considered, there is about as much to be
said against the Ministerial alterations as for them,
it follows that if an absolute demand for settling
the question should arise, it would be for general
convenience that the Act of 1846 be let alone.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
T. PERRONET THOMPSON.
Blackheath, London, July 10, 1848.

Our sentiments are too profound to admit of oar
pointing at his traducers with any other feeling than
pity for what will eventually meet the tate it morite.
PATIENCE.

Gra,o3 Inn, July 9, IS4B.

COURT CIRCULAR.
The Queen and Prince Albert, the ladies and gen-
tlemen of the Court, and the domestic household, at-
tended divine service yesterday, in the private chapel
of Buckingham Palace. The lion. and Rev. C. Les-
lie Courtenay officiated.
Lord John Rus,itll had an audience of her Majesty
on Saturday, at Buckingham Palace.
The Queen, attended by the Hon. CarolineCaven•
dish, Maid of Honour in waiting, took a drive in an
open barouche and four on Saturday. Aiajor Wemyss,
Equerry in waiting, attended on horseback. His
Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horseback
at the same time, attended by Colonel the Hon. C. P
Phipps.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the
Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice took walking
and pony exercise on Saturday, in the garden of
Buckingham Palace; and their Royal Highnesses
Prince Alfred, the Princess Helena, and the Princess
Louisa took a drive on Saturday in an open carriage
and four.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended
by Lady Augusta Bruce, Lady Fanny Howard, Ba-
roness de Speth, Sir George Couper, and the Hou.
General Upton, honoured the performance at her
Majesty's Theatre, on Saturday evening, with her
p esence.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge
and the Princess Mary, attended divine service yes-
terday, in St. Michael's Church. Baroness Bose and
Mr. Edmond Mildmay, were in waiting on their
Royal Highnessess.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge at-
tended divine service yesterday, in Grosvenor Chapel.
The Duchess Bernard of Saxe Weimar, and the
Princesses Anne and Amelia of Saxe Weimar, visited
the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, on Saturday,
at Cambridge House.
The Duchess of Cambridge visited and inspected
the Colosseum on Friday.
The Duchess of Bernhard and the Princesses Anne
and Amelia of Saxe Weimar, left town on Saturday
for the residence of her Majesty the Queen Dawager,
Bushey House, Bushey Park.
A Cabinet Council was held on Saturday at the
Foreign office. The Ministers present were Lord
John Russell, the Marquis of Lansdowne the Earl
of Minto, Sir George Grey, Viscount Palmerston,
Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the
Earl of Auckland, Sir John Hobhouse, the Right
Hon. H. Labouchere, Lord Campbell, the Marquis of
Clanricarde, and Viscount Morpeth. The Council
sat three hours.

Mr. Cowan had an interview with the Chancellor
of the Exchequer on Saturday, at his official residence,
in Downing-street.
The Duke of Wellington and the Marquis and
Marchioness of Salisbury attended the early service
yesterday in the Chapel Royal, St. James's. The
prayers were read by the Rev. Dr. Wesley, and the
sermon was preached by the Hon. and Rev. W. Ca-
pel. At the daily service the prayers were read by
the Rev. J. V. Povah, the lessons by the Rev. T. Hal-
more, and the communion service by the Rev. Dr.
Wesley. The sermon was preached by the Hon. and
Rev. W. Capel.

riER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. Her • Maje sty'
Theatre was on Saturday evening honoured by the pres
-
-ence of her Royal Highness the Duchess of
Kent. Her
Royal Highness's suite comprised Lady Augusta Bruce,
Lady Fanny Howard, Lady Mary Howard, and Sir
George Couper. Her Majesty Queen Adelaide's box
was occupied by the Earl and Countess of Jersey, Lady
::lernentina Villiers, the Honourable Julia Fane, and
party. The theatre was also honoured by the presence
of his Royal Highness the Prince George, the Prince
Lowenstein. Amongst the audience we observed his
Royal Highness Prince Leopold of Naples (Count of
yracuse), the Duke and Duchess of Leinster and
Lady Jane Fitzgerald, the Duchess of Leeds and
Miss Lane Fox, his Excellency the Russian Minister,
his Excellency the Swedish Minister, his Excellency
the Ilanoverian Minister, the Baron Nicolay, the
Marquis of Ely, the Marquis of Worcester, the
Marquis of Donegal, the Marquis of Huntley, the
Marchioness of Sligo and the Ladies Brown, the
'larquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Earl
of Cadogan, the Earl of Liverpool, the Earl of
Falmouth, the Countess of Lichfield, the Countess of
Blessington and tho Misses Power. the Earl and
Countess of Wilton, Earl Bruce, Earl Granville, Via-
,•ount Enfield, Viscount Anson, Count d'Orsay, Lord
Dunkellin, Lord Elphinstoue, Lord Gardner, Lord
Fitzroy Somerset, Lady and Miss Somerset, Lady Beau-
vale, Lord W. Beresford, Lady _Emilia, Lady Mac-
, naghten, Lord Southampton, Lord Exmouth, Lord A.
Fitzelarence, Captain the Hon. James Macdonald, Lady
Palmer, the Hon. R. Curzon, Col. K. Tynte, M.P., and
I Mrs. K. Tynte, Sir G. Carroll, Bart., Lady and Miss
Carroll, Lady Bellingham Graham, Gen. the Hon. A.
Upton, Col. Wildman, Major Buckley, Sir G. Palmer,
Bart., and Lady Bailey, Sir G. Wombwell, Bart., Gen.
the Hon. H. Cavendish, Hon. Captain Foley, Sir H.
Webb, M. C. Koudriaffsky, Mr. H. Broadley, M.P.,
Mr. C. W. Packe, M.P,, and Mrs. Packe Reading, Mr.
Mrs., and Miss B. Trelawny, Mr. Drummond, &c.
ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA., COVENT-GARDEN.—Her
Majesty's box was occupied on Saturday evening by the
Earl and Countess of Desert and Lord and Lady Evelyn.
There were also present his Royal Highness the Condo
de 111ontemolin, the Duke and Duchess of Montrose, the
Duchess of Coigny, Duchess Dowager of Bedford and
Lady Rachel Russell, the Duke and Duchess of Cleve-
land, the Marquis of Titcbfield, Marquis and Marchio-
ness of Sligo, Marquis of Granby, Marquis of Lans-
downe, his Excellency the American Minister and Mrs.
Bancroft, Countess Dowager of Essex and Miss John-
,tone, Earl Sidney, Earl of Besborough, Earl and
Countess of Glengall, Earl and Countess of Roseberh
Earl of Cardigan, Countess Dowager of Mansfield, the
Ladies Murray, Viscount Cantilupe, Lord and Lady
Ernest Bruce, Lord Henry Lennox, Lady Morgan,
Lady Scott, Lady Webster, Lady Domvil_,e Lord
lieniey, Count and Countess Baptiste Metaxa, Viscount
Exmouth, Viscount Lascelles, Viscount Ebrington, Vis-
countess Brackley, Viscountess Dungarvon, Lady Elisa-
beth Lascelles, Lady Augusta Baring, Honourable John
Fortereue, Hon. Mr. Calthorpe, Hon. Mr. Wrottesley,
Hon. G. Miller, Lord Howard, Lady Creswick, Lady
Joddrell and Lady Isabella Moore, Hon. A Willough-
by,, Sir John Burgoyne and the Misses Burgoyne,
G. Armytage, Sir William Abdy, Sir Henry Webb, Sir
W. de Bathe, Sir T. Hare, Hon. C. Law, Hon. Mr. and
Mrs Fletcher Norton, Hon. Mr. Harbord, Sir William
and Lady Medlicott, Sir Jasper and Lady Atkinson,
Sir Edmund Hartopp, Sir W. Abdy, Id.
de
SBuhrde„ Mrs. Charles Mills and the Misses Mills, Missin
Coutts and party, Colonel Blane, Colonel Wingfield,
Colonel Oliver, Major and Mrs. Gage, Major
Captain
Beauclerk, Captain Knox, Captain Cuddy,
Meynell, Mr. Davenport Bromley, Mr, Charles
Mr. Baring Wall, Mr. H. B. Baring, 3d r•,
Hope, M.P., &c.
WOLYFRHAMP•
TES OXFORD, WORCESTER, AND
and authoritatively, to announce
hlinefroem this city to Ab-
bott's RAILWAY. We are happy
the
bzeeadbyle at
completion length,
and opening of the branch
This very desirable
Midland Company's
at the Midland Corn-
gmesetdedy:esterday, at a meeting
eboentwsuemenmat
Gbolottn'seelVteereadnjdußneirtimeningwhith liinhee.
(Chairman),
rhta i
or
fm a
.then ) ,
Midland Peyton,
arranged yesterday,
Westminster, at
Com-
pany's Offices,thieon P 38079 Ilse
s
Beale
ee
and Saunders (Secretary),
Rufford (Chairman), Lewis, and
which were presentG Messrs.rtear.)oßn
Company; and Ai),
part of' the Oxford, Worees-
Company. We are not at
details of the arrangement, but we
liberty to state
that the utmost good feeling was ex-
hibited on both sides, and a warm desire evinced to
due to the Midland Company to say that
have the branch opened at the earliest moment consistent
geotlS dered, much liberality was shown by them
eyhn
in the tthrh sin i safety.
tt matter; andil we believe the Directors are anxious to
afford that accommodation which the branch will pro-
vide to the citizens of Worcester, by relieving them from
the excruciating omnibus rumble-tumble to Spetchley.
The Oxford and Wolverhampton Company's directors
meet on Tuesday next, when there is no doubt of this
agreement being confirmed, and orders will then be
issued by Mr. Brunel for the laying down of the per-
manent slay, and otherwise completing the branch.
When complete, it will be worked by the Midland Com-
pany. The works on the main line of the Oxford, Wor-
cester, and Wolverhampton are making steady progress,
though they have been unavoidably retarded. The
cuttings and levellines on the whole line between Wor-
cester and Stourbridge are completed, with the excep-
tion of a short space near Oldwinsford; and the Dudley
tunnel is approaching completion. It is now partially
op .rt from end to end, and the masons are engaged in
facing with stone the opening near the gas works. The
bridge over the line at the Dudley station, which par-
tially fell down some time ago, has been substantially
repaired, and is now nearly completed.— Worcester
Herald.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge
and Princess Mary of Cambridge, attended by Baron
Knesebeck, honoured the Colosseum, Regent's-park, bps
visit on Friday afternoon.
rAnvERTISEMENT.]—Twx EARL OF ALDROROtIan
AND HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.—An astounding care by this miraculous
medicine, arter every other means had failed. See extract from la
Lordship's letter, dated " Villa Messina, Leghora, Feb. 184 .
Professor nollovray—Sir : I beg to acquaint yea that your pills have
effected a cure of a disorder is my liver and stomach all the n, o.t
eminent of the facility, at home and all ever the continent, hat 'el:
been able to effect; nay, not ever the waters of Carlsbad or N. ‘•
rlenbad. (Signed) .Axmioaonon.” These wonderfel pills
sure any disease of the liver or stomach.—Sold (also Holloway
Ointment) at Professor llollowky's Establishment, 244, Strand
by all medicine vectors throughout the civilised world.

NATIONAL DEFENCE.
PROTECTION OF OUR COASTS.

Many months since, when the outcry of " invasion
was ringing in everybody's ears, and it was proposed to
turn the male population of the entire kingdom into
militia regiments, we strongly impressed upon the Go-
vernment, as a substitute for re-organizing the militia,
and as a more effectual means of protection from inva-
sion—first, the equipment of a strong Channel squadron;
,econdly, the re-organization of the Coast Guard, so as
to be available for service at sea, as recommended by
Sir George Cockburn and the Hon. Captain Berkeley;
thirdly, the establishment of batteries at certain points
of the coast, especially at Newhaven, Brighton, &c.; and
fourthly, the enrolment of the fishermen and boating
population, and the training of them to the use of the
musket and to serve at the coast batteries.
We are much pleased to find that some of the above
suggestions have been carried into effect. We have ti
Channel squadron, which, we trust, will not be
strengthened at the expense of our forces on foreign
stations, but will be permanently kept up for home
service.

The Coast Guard has been reorganized to some ex•
tent. Younger naval officers have been appointed to
this force ; the men entered are available for service at
sea on an emergency, and during the past year, from the
mouth of the Thames to the Land s End, they have,
under the personal superintendence of Captain Houston
Stewart, C. 8., the gallant Comptroller-General, been in
active training to the use of small arms, and at the exer-
cise of the great guns; and now, at the request of Cap-
tain Stewart, the Admiralty have ordered small parties
of Coast Guard men to be removed on board the Excel-
lent, gunnery-ship, at Portsmouth, for a limited time, to
perfect themselves in the system of gunnery taught in
that establishment ; their Lordships have also ordered
the Benbow, 72, at Sheerness, to be appropriated for a
similar purpose; and the Commandant of the Portsmouth
division of Royal Marines has been directed to permit the
Coast Guard in the neighbourhood to exercise at the sea
batteries of the artillery companies, as well as at those of
the divisional companies. The whole Coast Guard force is
thus to be rendered as important body of armed and disci-
plined men, as well for the protection of the country as
of the revenue; but to make the department perfect, and
insure for the measures now being taken with respect to
it permanent success, the Coast Guard should at once
be turned wholly over to the control of the Admiralty,
as recommended by these distinguished officers, who are
most competent to give sound advice, as to the regula-
tion and disposition of our naval resources. With re-
ference to works of defence we may state that one or
two batteries have already been established on the coast.
and more are in course of construction; their position
being selected as well for the means of defence, as for
the convenience of training the coast-guard men.
Finally, we believe it is in contemplation so to organize
our coast population, that whenever hostilities may
break out, should an enemy be so unfortunate escapeafsttoo asto
the vigilance of our fleet, or so reckless of his a
make s " dash" suddenly at any point ofre a our beillloivoeg,
d
island, he will find a watchful, loyal, reads
'+
and efficiently-trained body of our countrymenw
quite ready and able to deal him that destruction to
which he has devoted himself.
We may add that the dockyardibthrigthaerdiesim(lmle,OnOsOe
men), regularly drilled, are already,
park of artillery, available for the protectionw of the great
establishments to which they are attached; and the new
regulations lately issued for providing in our dockyards
seamen, will soon come into effee-
a reserved force of
tive operation.—Morning paper.

FIRES.—Yesterday morning three serious fires
occurred in the metropolis. One broke out between
one and two o'clock upon the premises belonging to Mr.
F. Jocelin, a hatter, No. 14, Fenchurch- street, City.
Two
and that of ,
the with seve
ofralEn england ines of the London brigade
quickly attended, but
West ,
the fire had gained too fierce a hold to be easily extin-
guished. The damage is considerable, but Mr. Jocelin
was insured in the County Fire-office. Shortly after the
above fire was extinguished, another one occurred in
the lucifer match manufactory of Mr. Miller, No. 3,
Sugarloaf-court, Bethnal-green. Owing to the timely
were aid afforded, the flames
ere s(2 on extinguished. The
third fire happened at No. 5, Do c .khead, belonging to
Mr. Hernley, a china dealer, &o. Mr. Hernley's stock
was insured in the Sun sire office,