The Sun.
London, England, 1846-05-30 00:00:00

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.

LONDON, MAY 29.—Wind variable, light breeze and cloudy.
DEAL, MAY 28.—Wind N.N.E. to Emily, Rampach•
St. Thomas's. Arrd. from the River, and sld., Herschel, Robertson.
Mauritius; Stefanino, Seculorich, Rio Janeiro; Rosalie, Boyea, Au"
tigua ; Susan King, St. Kitts.
BRISTOL, MAY 29.—Wind fresh.—Arrd.-28th, Glenelf.
Cother, St. Vincent. Sld., 26th, Englishman, Dyer, Africa; 28P''
Dochfour Backe, Quebec.
LivEarooL, MAY 28.—. Wind N.N.E., moder-Ite.—Acrd. Cambric
steamer, Judkins, Boston, left 16th inst., and Halifax 18th ; Haabe
Iceland; Julius, Iceland. Sid. 28th, Bellairs, Webb, Calcutta ; „.„..
vest Home, Carlyle, Calcutta; Orissa, Smith, Bombay; GYPsem ;
Mitchell, Rio Janeiro; Princess Victoria, Thomas, Marimba._
Frances, Corkhill, Barbadoes ; Burley, Cooper, Jamaica; Cornelia'
French, New York ; John R. Skiddy, Luce, New York ; Sprin_
Roy, LIU :hebucto ; Tamerlane, M'Leary, Montreal; Lima Pa'
k
Robinson, Quebec ; Niagara, Tilley, Quebec. • lc, ea,
Ounix, MAT Foigh-a-Ballagh, Brawl, St. John No
Brunswick.

Coaa, MAT 26!--Wind N.W.—Sbl. Albion, Wallace, Boston•

In our list of atvtions to-day our friend, George
Robins, indulges us with some of his best told tales, and they
are all lengthened beyond his usual taste. The annotificr
ment of Ford Abbey exemplifies this observation; this sale
has literally caused a furor in the world of auctions; the
historical account of this extraordinary monastery Mr. Roloin,l
takes no mean credit for—it is the handiwork we are to',"
of the cleverest lady throughout the county ; it will, indeed,
amply compensate for its perusal; verily it must find a plass,
(eh, and keep it too) in every one's library. The interest Of
the notori.sus Judge Jeffr.'ys is kept up throughout, and fete'
there are who are aware of the extent of his fearful rob-
beries. The drawing gives a splendid view of the monastery
of which it is believed there is nothing like it on record. 14
is 300 feet long.
THE COAST DEFENCES.—The armament for the de-
fence of the ships of war on the Canadian lakes being COO
pleted, and the advance-ships being for the most PT;
equipped, orders have been received to expedite the But%
of ordnance for the coast defences at home. The giant sef
of
on which these defences are to be formed may be judged__
from the annexed details of the supplies of
and ammunition which are to be forwarded to the folloest,.
places :—For the additional defences at Sheerness, ono '.'.
pounder, 97 cwt.; 17 8-inch, of 65 cwt. each ; 28 32-,r.,0unt.0.
ere, of 56 cwt. each; and 12 24-pounders, of 20 c.".t. each'
total for Sheerness, 58 guns. The 24-pounders are 0 a
mounted on iron-carriages ; all the heavier P-,ins on carrisg_,
with traversing platforms. For the intlitional defences at
Tilbury Fort, 50 32-pounders of 56 cwt. each, on carlisig,2
with dwarf traversing platforms ; 19 32-pounders of 4't
cwt. on iron carriages; total additional guns for Tilbury rf
guns, carriagnse",
69. Additional guns for Gravesend, 15 32-pounders of f.'s cwt"ar
on carriages with dwarf traversing platforms. .Guns' '
riages, and traversing platforms for the defences at Port!"
mouth, Gosport. Portsea, and Priddy's Hard, in addition. 7
the existing armament :-2 50 pounders of 97 cwt. ;A...
8-inch guns of 65 cwt. ; and 15 8-inch of 50 cwt. ; 21.0 b
pounders of 56 cwt. ; 39 24-pounders of 50 cwt. ; 36 ca.' eh
howitzers and 1 24-pounder carronade. On iron
75 24-pounder guns of 20 cwt. Total for Portsmouth, es.
port, &c., 246 pieces of ordnance. Grand total for Sheers'
~.
Tilbury Fort, Gravesend, Portsmouth, &c., 388 pieces of Or
'l_,
nance of various sizes. A small armament of light pieces 0!
ordnance, consisting of 6 6-pounder guns, 6 3-pounders,
4 2-5 howitzers, and 8 4 2-5 mortars, is ready for shin,a;
forts of the Hudson's Bay Company !I
itingelse occurringn in con-
for Quebec. This armament is to be forwardedert-twheesvta‘lri.
tory, to be ready in the event of 0
conveyed ever mountain districts. A
of war, have to be . ,
which
the
v e ndtee- dhe rebr )of, and .i
t Sh
a s Pb
ence sal
1 1 .icrfial:t:
n b.
nexion with Oregon, as guns of thishs
kind will, in.. the crop
carriedco etrivabneetewehenas
abegeinveinn
numb
everal trials 0!
, the, Thames poliee-c
~ .
the invention have been ma
somewhat o orious impostor vr
through--
letters . tA
for trial, and as there had Wring-
Otir
as charged before
,st f.
detreit _ lengthy, of spnrious 'liturgist"'
prisoner, he should return the dePloititO
3 . thatesjteor
ii
,ttEaiysp
lit quitehisAtrtoiptyroraf b
ecAtt
hidfooctepbgniral 1
iiets.j
considered it to be his dia...
'4
epitintegAdurt,trY.
1 Criminal Court. As the offence was bailable, ."4
The magistrate.. **ter
Broderip with
wivjesday the interesting event of launching
2001. himself; the prisoner was discharged.
eaci:weeeraet talc:dockyard of Mr. Richard GreTelotid
~c_......
vessel of 1,100 tons burden, and
trade under the Inamedia,te superintendence
RanAd3thAavTingßLgiAvCen;:etid, 0- I
Blackwell. The Barham is asp.lndi°
IlloflntieireCbo•6,,ev,er.tbsie
the3fttC:ir M:
eshfieteerinelECC :C
of tool,
tooko°1: ,
welrl:Aknuoilwcnßshoi
has been built for the Bo' The
launch Caine off at three thousand persons, th o'clock in the afternoon, before
?Avg
e c
place from which adockyard' the Blackwall pier, and ever,'
l t tattled, n.
a the launch could be obtain
,scoos
crowded with a 11104
immediately atterwards,
die First Lord ,I at
ship-builder
so I: :
io,
of the Admiralty, Lady Ellenborough, soda oc'
party or frletvii, were invited on the cmical, At a
iew by Mr. Green to be present_esi wog
ebristened by Lady minutes after three o'clock tohre`ltiesi St:
assemblage. Lord Elennuurneroo
Ellenberough, with the usual f tru"
19-,
music of abe amid the cheers of the spectates'welto
nti stationed on the pier, and the loud-sounding .
_boast
of the caillion discharged from a neighbouring yacht inoer'od_fs. 0
ef the dockyard, the " dog shores " were struck away, and Li.eLent.
iestic vessel glided graceftilly to the bosom of I_'.'s future el,nwe di.
The vessel plunged several hundred yards into the river iii,„' too'
rection ef Greenwich, when she was swilng round and taklixrthers
by four steam-tugs, who brought her
ViPper.hotteducti and fitted up With masts and rigging. -
Th_nificent
Will be ready for sea in six weeks. After the launch e rn,i.t.-f tit'
',rack to the dock, t°. Bahian
Mager was prepared in the mould left, to which the h'''
e isrr
guest* and the friends er Air. Green were Invited. Another
ve,sel will shortly lie leunehed froin the same yard. lip
u s-
AccouclmENT OF THE AIARCHIoNESS °dares„, dares
cesTite ~-r_The Marchioness of Worcester, after acute suffero•T _floor
A Peried of upwards of twenty hours, gave birth to a sun at 4 q.-
Ce In gee
residence
eUreYed
to five o'clock on Thursday morning, at the family
keley-square. We regret exceedingly to add, that the infant„., cow—
only a short time, having to the great grief a the fameso; we are
within two hours after its birth. The Noble Marehbr 0,1,e cieee'l
glad to learn, is progressing satisfactorily. Her Majesty ,„,„etrisa
Dowager and several of the noltility sentyesterday to make .^.
after the health of the Marchioness.
ASSAULTING A ToLL-KEEPER.—Lord- —1 _,th As-
Thurtday charged at Lambeth Court, before Ur. Nortoti.,7;n with-
A Dillon was 00
saultiag the toll-collector of Vauxhall-bridge, by thraannY..nk vat
aid,
tie Darby, was inconvtnieneed, sites the toll had been flortou COS"
whip. His Lordship, who was driving a four-in-lisha "" by the
son of the complainant seighate the horses' beads. Mr:...
tideged the cogectnr the wrench and dismissed 10 CP..

4

1.3,1. A. L t ts.ti a.t sit ;:11,1 i.
HOUSE OF 1.0,11.1101 VS. May 29.
The Se?.AICEa took the C :air at Four o'clock.
GREAT LEINSFER AND MUNSTER RAILWAY.
This Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be com-
mitted.
WAKEFIELD. PONTEFRACT. AND GOOLE RAIL-
WAY (METHLEY, ASKERN, AND OAKENSHAW
BRANCHES.)
On the motion for the third reading of this Bill,
Mr. M. MILNES opposed it, because the great majority of
his constituents had expressed their disapprobation of the Bill
owing to the promoters having sought to take away ten acres
from the race-course at Pontefract.
Mr. BERNAL said that the Company proposed to take
away four acres of the waste part of the course, and to indem-
nify the inhabitants by giving them ten acres of superior land.
A discussion was about to ensue, when Lord G. SOMER-
SET moved the adjournment of the third reading until Mon-
day week.
The motion was agreed to.
STAINES AND itICHMOND RAILWAY.
Colonel THOMAS WOOD moved that this Bill be re-
committed to the Committee on Group 20.
Mr. SOTHERON, the Chairman of the Committee, sajd
that when this Bill was before the Committee the solicitor to
the Woods and Forests came before ti em with two cluusi.s ;
the first give the assent of the Crown to the Bill, ant the
second contained conditions which it was impossible
for the parties to fulfil without exceeding their esti-
mates and deviating from their levels. The Committee
therefore threw out the Bill. On the 4th of May the parties
came bef rte the Committee and stated that the Commissioners
of Woods and Forest- were ready to accede to conditions which
the promoters couldadopt without infringing their estimate or al-
tering their levels, and they, therefore, wished the case re-opened.
The Committee, however, refused to accede to their request, but
stated that they would make a special report to the House.
In this case thousands of pounds might have been saved to the
peomoters of this Bill if the Commissio, ors of Woods and
Forests could have made up their minds before the 20,11 of
March or the 29th of April, instead of the 9th of May. Would
such a course be a just thing to either the promoters or the
opponents of the Bill? Supposing they allowed justice to
those parties who opposed the Bill, and who, having
overcome all objections, the promoters would be injured, and
supposing that they angst-cif justice to the parties promoting the
Bill, what was the condition of those opposing the Bill? By
re—committing this Bill, they would do great injustice. He
wished the House to consider whether it was right to allow
parties to make such an application to the House ? He wished
to ascertain what was the intention of the House with
reference to this subject ?
After a few words from Lord GRANVILLE SOMERSET, Mr.
BARCLAY, and Mr. ESTCOURT, which did not reach the

gallery,
Mr. WAKLEY said, that if in this case the House should
decide against the re-committal of this Bill, he must say that
it would be the most unjust decision it had ever come to—
( Hear, hear)—and that.wa• saying a treat deal.—( Hear, hear.
and laughter. ) Would the House for one moment attend
to him whilst he stated the facts of the case ? Wnat was the
case? That parties promotin,; the formation of a railroad
from Richmond to Staines, t-n miles, went before the Com-
mittee of their House, and after being before that Com-
mittee a few days, or a certain length of time, the
Committee gave in their report. And what was the
Feport ? That the consent of the Commissioners of the
Woods and Forests was tendered, and that the surveyor of the
promoters of the Bid in his examination stated that he was
prepared to make a line in conformity with the recommenda-
tion, when it became evident that the promoters could not
form such a line, as it must be contrary to the plans laid down
and deposited in the Board of Trade. The Committee there-
upon closed their proceedings on the Bill without
hearing the whole of the evidence in favour of it.
It would appear that this matter hart b:•en considered ; but he
must say that it had not rightly been decided upon by the
Woods and Forests. To this he had no objection, but it be-
came a material question when the public convenience was
concerned. (Cries of " Order, order.") There might
be an outcry, but still he must assert, that if this were
a question of 40, 50, or 70 miles of railway, there might
be a matter for consideration; hut he must assert
that the case of the promoters had not been properly
heard, and when the question was whether ten miles of railway
should be made, at an expense of 150,0001 , or whether a Bill
should be obtained without any reference to public convenience,
he thought that the necessities of 150,0(X) people had not been
sufficiently attended to.
Mr. BERNAL thought that great negligence had been
exhibited on the part of the Commissioners of the Woods and
Forests.
Mr. WOOD (Brecon), hoped the House Is ould give the
motion a favourable consideration, as the promoters had been
treated with much injustice.
Colonel WOOD coasidered ae the promoters of the line hasi
expended a large sum of money in prepairing their case for
Parliament, that they ought to refer the rule again to the Com-
mittee, in order that the disputed question might be settled.
Mr. TANCRED said this was the second session the Bill
had been before the House. It was thrown out last session
by the Committee of Selection on account of some informality.
He submitted that from the first moment of its pro-
jection it was quite obvious that the Woods
and Forests would not consent to the passing of the line through
the property of the Crown. When they came before the
House this year they were in the same position with respect to
the Woods and Forests, as they still refused their consent. The
Committee to whom the Bill was referred found it impossible
to proceed with it under such circumstances, and they there
fare negatived the preamble. After detailing the proceedings
of the Committee, he concluded by expressing his opinion
that, in cases in which the consent of the Woods and Forests
was necessary to the construction of a railway, that the fact of
inch consent having been obtained should be shown before the
Committee of Selection.
Sir G. GREY must say that if the promoters of the Bill
were not able to produce the assent of the Commissioners of
the Woods and Forests before the Committee ,in censequence
of the delay of the Government, it would be a great hard-
ship to prevent their Bill from proceeding through the House.
lf, on the other hand, the non-production of that
assent was caused by a want of due diligence on the part of the
promoters, he could not see any reason why the decision of the
Committee should be reversed. Now, what he wanted to know
was, whether the delay rested with Government; and he should
not like to give his vote on this occasion without some explana-
tion on this subject from a member of the Government.
Mr. HODGSON said t,at the reason the Committee re-
jected the Bill was because t::ey had deemed the estimate in-
sufficient. . .

Colonel
o one WOOD said the Hon. Member was mistaken as to
-----
the facts. Tne fact was, that, in the prosecutionti,.l of the works,
the Woods and Forests required at. should be
made not only under the park, but under the river.
Sir R. H. INGLIS said, that previously to givinger. any ,
on this subject, he thought the House ought to beinpobsestewsysei)eotnne
of the whole of the correspondence which had passed
the Commissioners of the Woods and Forests and the pro-
moters of the Bill. They would then be enabled clearly
to understand the pisition in which they were placed. He
would beg leave to move, therefore, that the present discus-
sion be postponed till this day week.
The amendment having been put,
Mr. C. P. VILLIERS said that he would believe that his
Honourable anti Learned Friend the Member for the
University of Oxford was very anxious to have further
Istfcrmation on the matter before the House, but he was just
le sure that the parties more immediately interested would
rather have a decision at the present moment. He begged to
s,!yt before they came to a division, that the Select
!;?mmittee had, as yet, pronounced no decision on the Bill.
The Hon. Chairman of the Committee had made no complaint
againsttel any person or office. He had stated the case very tempe-
ray and fairly, and, as the case would be establishing no
precedent, he trusted that the House would consent to the
*notion.
Lord LINCOLN said that, judhgeintr, from the circumstances
he had heard since he came into he felt inclined to
support the amendment of his Hon. and Learned Friend the
Member for Oxford. He (Lord Lincoln) was connected with
the Hoard of Woods and Forests in the last year. and he recol-
lected that precisely the gam- line waslaid before them, and the
Board then intimated their determinationan to resist it to the
utmost. They had commi.sioned
unpeonnt etnhgeinctr•enrwntoprren
port as to the effect the line would haveerni
perty, and he had reported that the line was very objectionable-,
but that no other could be carried through
The line was dropped last year, andthesame sieuntry.
brought forward in precisely te was now
He should not be disposed to vote against thesaßmilel. He
astonished to hear the charge brought against his Hon. Friend
,at the head of the Woods and Forests.
Mr. WAK LEY rose to explain.
6-t'slonel WOOD hoped that the House would accede to the
repos-al of the Hon. Member.
The debate was then adjourSOnedUTHERN till MonCONNECTING
day week.
NORTHERN AN RAILWAY.
On the motion that this Bill be read a second time
Mr. WA i‘LEY moved, 5i..., an amendment, that it be read a
second time that day six months. In doing so the Hon. Mem-
ber presented a petition against further proceeding with the
12,000 of the scripholders. The original num
scheme, signed by
was 113,00, so that here were three-fourths
her of shareholders Bi.l ping on. Au application
of the whole who objected to the
had been made to the managing committee, to call a public
meeting of the scripholders, and take its sense, in accordance
with the sessional resolution that had been agreed to, but the
committee refused to aet upon that reasonable request. and
wereoertainly proceeding with the Hill, thus entailing additional
exp.nse on the shareholders. The fact was, the shareholders had
been completely deceived with red to the line which was pro-
sed to connect the important mang
nar acturing town of Watford ,at
po
one end, with the large and populous town of Dorking, at the
other.—(A laugh.) The whole affair was a monstrous con
reption, from which the scripholders prayed now to be relieved.
• Mr. T. WOOD said he knew nothing of the parties,
though he considered the scheme would be of great use
in ere It in a circular manner round Lon-
don. It left the London and Birmingham Railway at
Watford, ai:d passing along the valley of the Cope
it crossed the Great Western Railway, and went on its ter-
minus at Dorking, thus affecting a circular eotunsunicatindinon
round London.—( A laugh.) He believed,
notvvitlistaa
the laughter of the Hon. Member for Finsbury, that a line of
this kind would be very useful to transmit goods and troops,
and would be also of consid rattle benefit to the public.
Captain FITZ NI AU RICE stated that he had three petitions
from the
that itlami owners on the line against the Bill, and praying
might
not be allowed to pass.
Alderman HUMPHERY said that he had a petition of
some consequence t
the South We,t„,s° present aainst the Bill. It was from
would cross their r0,:::7,t0 statingth er
isthat
of themi
sephrioepfosteod
threailpwaasy.
/scatters and detriment
After a few words from the 'me-
CHEQUER, which driodmr,,t,he CHANCELLOR of the EX-
Mr. T. 8. DuNcomßtirach the gallery,
swaiedr,.t that i.en
ohni his beliefthe
committee,the o only
persons in favour of the tine
who had got the lOated reacueendt.o deposit of the unfortunate
ehareholders. They
A public meeting to take the a,snasefilctor shitatreeehtooldaesrssetansbiloe
edommittee declined do'
the propriety of going on, but %CI:.
qhrue"es:inogn.
were against thst-re
so, and wished to go on till the
thla'thtehemßaiiolliThtgye
of the scripholders
The SPEAKER, having put the
read a second time,
The motion was negatived without a
RAILWAYS. division.
The Edinburgh and Northern Railway (Newport
and St Andrews's Branch) was read a third time, ere also Railway
the Arbroath and Forfar Railway and the _ as were
L
north Yorkshire Railway•
Lan as and
• STIRLING AND DUNFERMLINE RAILWAY.
This Bill was read a third timi and passed.
LONDON AND IIItiMINGHA4 RAILWAY EX FEN-
Mr. SPOONER presented a petition strsinst this Bill.
EAST LONDON RAILWAY.
Sir E. COLE BROOKE presented a petition
porayng that
the House svf.uld re-consider die reptnt of the Committ,e, as
the Bill had been ile-cribed by a misnomer.
Lord G. SOMERSET thought that the re-consideration
taight be allowed, as it was evident that the mistake was inertly
a clerical error.
A considerable number of other petitions were thso pre-
sented, amongst whOli was one from gir G. Douglas, and from
several partie, vo•nPlAi",ll2 r) 1 toe break, id eiessze,
BUSINESS OF THE SESSION.
Sir R. PEEL—In pursuance of the notice which I have
given, I beg leave to move that the House, at its =icing, do id.

jou, n to Friday next, the sth of June ; and I think it is right
to give notice what is the busbies which I. on the part of the
Government, intend to bring forward. The House will meet
on Friday, the nth of June. I propose that we shall
t ien proceed with the Supply ; on the Monday after
I propose to move the second reading of the
Irish Bill for the prevention of assassination. I would
move it first on Frid iv, only I understand that • ome of
the Irish Members are absent.—( Hear, hear.) On Friday, the
I gte of Juois, I propose to brin„; forward the question of the
sugar duties; and, on Thursday, the II th of June, I
will move that the orders of the day have a precedence
over notices of motion, but that arrangement will not take
lilacs until Tnursday, JunelB, so that there will be ample notice.
Mr. J. O'CONNELL beeged to inform the Right Hon.
Baronet, that so long at the Irish Coercion Bill was before
the House the Irish Members would oppose orders of the day
having precedence, and they would also move an amendment
upon every order.
Mr. T. DUN CONIBE said, that when the Corn Bill was
before the House it was understood that the Customs'
Bill and the Poor-law Removal Bill were before the Irish
Coercion Bill. Now, the Poor-law Bill was postponed
indefinitely. They were going to waste week after
week en the Irish Coercion Bill. There was
another Bill, and that was the enrolment of the
militia. He had called attention to this Bill
lung before Easter, and now it was Whitsuntide.
Now they had not seen this Bill, wh ch ought
h e t oWhhaivt seu nbeen
e
laid on the table before they separated for t
t,h.heenenidt
fh,foltihdeayss,..,sioinl,ewfheeanrefdewthAaltemwboeurlds deferredbweerep
r e s en tu, natni id
was pons ble it might pass without that attention being bestows d
upon it which it des !rved.
After a +evw words from Colonel WOOD,
Sir R. PEEL sai I he had felt certainly that the Govern-
ment might have been in a position to have brought forward the
Poor-law Removal Bill before this period of the session, but he ws
sure the House would make allowance for the peculiar position
in which her Maiesty's Government were placed by the great
quantity of business which they had to discharge. They were
really now devotii.,; sixteen or eighteen hours a day in the dis-
charge of their public duties. In the present state of public
business he saw no reason why they should not take the
Bill on Friday next.—( Hear, hear.) But any one must
feel that the Government. were bound to proceed with
the Irish Coercion Bill at the earliest possible moment.
Sir JAMES GRAHAM said, if the preliminary
discussion of which the Honourable Member for
Mallon had given notice with respect to the Poor-
law Removal Bill, should be affirmed by the
House, it would be necessary to commit the Bill pro
firma, for the purpose of remodelling it its
accordance with that notice. It was most desirable that the
House should come to a determination with reference to that
notice, in order that the Bill might be taken on Friday, if
possible.
Mr. HUNIE expressed his regret that the more important
measures before the House should be delayed by discussing a mea-
sure of minor interest. He wished to impress on the Right !lon
Baronet the tieeessitv of postponing the Irish Coercion
Bill until all the other important measures before thes
House had been discussed and passed —( Hear, hear.)
The way to save time was to make good use of the time they
had. If he persevered in proceeding with the :Coercion Bill
he would stop every measure which would be useful to
the country. In saying this he did not simply state his own
opinion, but the opinion of these on his side of the House—
and those whom he met out of doors were of the same opinion.
Mr. G. BANKES said, that. his Right Hon. Friend at the
head of the Government might recollect that it was understood
that the general preamble of the Poor-law Bill should he die
cussed on going into Committee.—( Hear.) He thought, there-
fore, that it should not be taken for granted that they were to be
strictly limited to the discussion on the amendment which had
been suggested.—( Hear, hear.) It would be in the recollection
of the House that several weeks ago he proposed a Select
Committee w:th reference to this Bill, for anticipating
this very difficulty ; but at the present moment they
certainly could nut do otherwise than follow what the Right
Hon. Baronet was pleased to propose ; bat it must be under
stood at the same time that they were at libert , to discuss the
general principle.—( Hear, hear. )
AM.. CHRISTIE gave notice that he should move, on the
16th of June, for a Select Committee to inquire into the laws
with respect to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
Mr. WODE HOUSE moved for a return of the ritio of the
total amount levied du-ing the year 1845 for poor rates in the
counties of England, and also the total amount of real pre
perry as bearing proportion to the amount of the poor-rates so
levied ; the counties to be classed as under-mentioned :
let class, the manufacturing coon r.es ; 2nd class, the mineral
counties; 3rd class, the agricultural counties ; 4th class, the
metropolitan counties.
THE OREGON TERRITORY.

11r. HUNIE said, that it was reported that a formal notice
had been sent to this country by the President of the United
States to the British Government. terminating the Oregon
Convention of 1537. Now he wished to ask the Right Hon.
Baronet, the First Lord of the Treasury, if the report were
correct ? _

Sir It. PEEL replied, that. the American President had cer-
tainly given formal notice of the termination of the existing
Convention, which is to take place at the end of this year ;aid
in giving that notice, he adopted the terms agreed upon by
both Houses of the American Legislature, in the hope that it
might lead to anamicable adjustment of the question.—( Hear,
hear,)

...........e...g..................tai, ----.----._
estimate o tine revenue, t e rs pout to
to such observation, as would vindicate himself in 'their 'eyes'. , ritt. 'ln m'aEng the f r: ' ''' ii '6i ' 't
The Noble Lord, the Member for. Lynn, having heard on a .which attention is directed are the customs revenue of the
former occasion that he was going to offer some observations country. This branch .of the revenue produced last year, as
with reference to the price of potatoes in Yorkshire, had, with already statiel, 19,768,001/. But, in consequence of the
the kindness which always distiegished him, handed to him measures which have been passed this session through Parlia-
a letter from a person residing there; which letter referred to went, a reduction of these duties has taken place to the
the subject. The Noble Lord did net know the writer of the amount of 1,041.100. e But no Hon. Gentleman, who con-
letter, but on his (Mr. Lawson) ste -ing it, he at once de- siders either what is past, or dealing with the ordinary prin-
Oat e,t that he was acquainted with the author of it. He was ciples of finance, will consider that the revenue of the succeed-
caned nem for the none of the individual, but he was not inn years is to be calculated by deducting from the revenue of
then ablei to say who he was. He would now state that his tne past year the amount of duty now proposed to be sub-
name was Mr. Robert Schofield, of Sands Hall, near Howden, tracted. A large deduction must be made on account of in-
who was a large grower of potatoes. Many animadversions creased consumption in those articles from which the duty is
were offered up nn that statement, and he had written again to en•irely removed. Allowance must be also made for the
Yorkshire, for the purpose of procuring information on the increased- consarnptien in these articles which remain
subject, as he was not then in a condition to give a satisfac- : subject in some degree to taxation. In consequence of the
tory explanation. On Saturday last, he (Dar. Lawson) total abolition of the duties upon a great variety of other
wrote to the Alderman that he would offer „ineee articles, in the d duction whieh should be made upon account of
cation of the statement which he disputed.—(Hear. ! the abolition of duties during the present year, I must be
Lear.) He would now, therefore, say that the gentleman guided in seine degree by the experience of the past. I find
wh i sent the potatoes to London was a Mr. Meggott of Howden. ' that upon reference to the reduction previously made,
that if I
It appeared this cargo was brought into port on the 17th of take the loss of revenue in the customs at two fifths of the
March, arid that it was transhipped on the 14th of April, and amount of the duty repealed,' should exceed that which hasbeen
that it reached Hull on the .2 oh. The potatoes were not found to be lost in a period in which we had been for some time
sold there, but were transferred to Leeds, where they were past receiving a less amount of duty. I should not trust to
so'd at the rate of 50s. per ton. He did not pretend to deducting from the customs revenue a greater sum than
know much of the potato trade, and, with all deference to the 400,000/. on account of the reduction in duty ; thus we
Hon. Member, and at the same time to the Hon. Alderman, therefore leave the customs revenue, ins'tead of 19,700,009•.,
he must. assert., that the reports were not borne out by the facts. , only 19,300,000/. I take it at a greater amount than that, and.
It appeared that the whole of the cargo was 170 tons. It I will state to the House my grounds for so doing. I find
at continued
appeared also. that two cwt. were sold at the rate of 275. a upon reference to the moo experienced, and the most . ,
ton. Forty-three tons were sold at the rate of 50s, a ton. The observers of the course of things, that there is every antici-
cargo was not disposed of at Hull, but, accordieg to the rep at pation of the continuance during the year to come of the pros.m
of Captain Shaw, it was carried to Leeds, where 43 tons were perity in trade which we enjoyed last year. I receive frote
disposed of at the rate of 50s. per ton. He need not repeat every outport the mo=t satisfactory statement with reference
have
that he had no experience, but it appeared to him that it was the prospects of the revenue for the ensuing year.t, L,,u
an unwerrent able stretch of the personal power of the Ministry, been called upon by different persons. in the ourpor ..0. duit
The Hon. Alderman had stated that no potatoes had been of- the City of London, not to confine my augmentationhei thted
fered in London to any but cow-keepers at as low a price as to 200,n00 . 1 ate always anxious to or sate
that which he (Mr. Lawson) had stated. This statement, it .) I therefore limit the sum to 1,950,000/.
Has the revenue fallen off on account of the reduction which
appeared. was without founriation or fact. There was in the
has been made ? I find in many of the returns from different
Pty of London a monopoly in potatoes which ought to be looked
ports of the country, that such has been to a very limited ex-
into by that House. He could riot trespass further on the
si le.—( Hear, . .
tent, during the last six weeks, being from the commencement
House, but if any of his statements were impugned, he would
of the financial year. And this has been during a p••riod when
reserve to himelf the right of making a further explanation.
Alderman HUMPHREY said the Hon. Member had deli- there was considerable uncertainty as to the measures of the
vered himself of something which he conceived to be like that Government, and the consequent uncertainty and speculation
which was produced by the mountain in labour, Now he did
that prevailed. In many of these out-ports. so far from a re-
impugn his statements, and he would trouble the House by read- duction of the revenue- duty, I find that, during these six weeks,
ing to them what it was he said on the last occasion. in many there has beers an increase, in others an equality of
After reading an extract from the speech in question, the revenue, while in those in which there has been any deficiency
Hon. Gentleman proceeded to say, that a gentleman, whose it has been accompanied by the statement that the re-
name, he believed, was Miggots, or Maggott—(Laughter)—
venue is gradually increasing, and is likely to continue
who combined in his own person the business of linendraper, so. —(Hear, hear.) I take the last six weeks as a
a painter, glazier, mercer, and, he believed, also the business ies ification of my argument as to the amount that may be ex-
of a hatter—( Laughter) —and other things, had read an ac-
itected, because I wish to show that the duty repealed is not to
count of the " Peel Panic," and that potatoes were going to be taken as an indication of the exact amount that may be
be extremely scarce. Not knowing, however, much about found deficient. I find, in referring to Liverpool, Leith, New-
the potato maeket, he went to a small farmer—who her he castle, Port Glasgow, and Dublin—ports confined to no par-
was a friend of the Hon. Member (Mr. Lawson) he did not ticular portion of the United Kingdom, there has been no
kre w—but, at any rate, he went to him mad purchased 50 tons falling off in revenue in the last six weeks as compared with
of potatoes at 88s. He requested the farmer to have the six weeks of the preceding year, and that we have every
the potatoes all picked, and to have the best samples selected expectation, when Parliament has done with the measures now
in order that they might be forthwith sent to London, in before it, ti e revenue will spring up beyond what it has been
anticipatien that when they were sent to London he even before the alterations were made.—( Hear, hear.) On
should have been enabled to sell them foi the purpose of seed. these ground I consider there cannot be any large reduction o!
But being. however, an unfortunate tradesman, he did not duty, and that I may fairly estimate it during the coming tear
know how to ship the potatoes, and a Mr. Saltmarsh, shipped at 19,500,000 e Tee next important branch of the revenue is
them for him in a brig called the " Vigilant." They were put the excise. Upon that branch of the revenue there was a large
in the forecastle, and made five rooms of potatoes. When they abo.ition of the revenue last year. In consequence of this re-
arrived in Landen, a quantity of a similar descriptien, duction of duty, the excise had fallen off 100,000/. as corn-
brntmeht by the same brig, were sold at 955. per ton. The pared with what it was before the glass and auction
vessel was d Awned some weeks, during which time, a person duties were repealed. On this head, with respect to the
named Liddel, sold about four tons at from 85s. to 90s. per future, he had the most sanguine expectations, founded
ton. As the remainder could not, however, be sold, he was upon the experience that the revenue in this department had
persuaded to take them to Leeds, where, he presumed, he sold exceeded the calculation which was made when the statement
them to the poor at a cheaper rate. He lost 2001. by the was made to the H: use. The experience we have had gives
transaction; and Mr Scholefield and others stated the case to us full assurance of what we may fairly calculate the future
the Noble Lord, saying, " Here is a care in point of potatoes revenue to be. I will take the revenue for the ensuing year,
being plentiful, and yet they cannot be sold even in London," and I will aid 13,400,000 e, be.ng a sum of 100,000/. more than
and on that assertion and on these facts, a cry was raised that the in the year 1845. With respect to the stamp duties, on which
statement that there was a scarcity of potatoes was untrue. there has been received 7,660,0001, timing the last year; for
He eould state the quantity of potatoes which came into the present tear I will take the SUIR of 7,400,000/. As much
London, to show the tailing off that had taken place in the of the augmentation of duty arose from that sudden increase of
sup. ly of the present year. in 1840, there were 7,3 10,000 railway speculation, which has been so much the subject of
sacks brought up the river; in 1844, 1,222 000; in 1e45, discussion in this House, and as I cannot anticipate that the
1,5115 000 ; while in the present year the number was only same extent of railway speculation will prevail during the en-
-959,000 sacks. He had been told by Mr. Little, that Boise suing sear, after the experience we have had—( Hear, hear)—
,iotateea which the Hun. Gentleman opposite had alluded to I propose to deduct from the stamp duty a sum such as can be
could haveall been sold for 41. per ton, but this gentleman, who fairly attributed to the agency el that speculation. And I
had embarked for the first time, and had fairly being taken will therefore make a reduction of 260,000/. With respect to
in, refused to sell them for less than 5/. per ton.—( Hear.) the assessed taxes, anti the land tax, I will take the same
It would appear that there was a sort of sweating in the vessels amount, 4,200,0e01. With regard to the property-tax. I think
in which the potatoes were recently brought up to London ; it has very nearly produced, in the course of the last year
and this very week no less than 5000 tons of potatoes were 5,100,000/. The assessments under the new Act of last year
round to be unfit for human food, arid they were thrown into have all been completed, and I make this statement without
the river Ttiarnes.—( Hear, hear.) Gent:emen's po- any particular data which could enable me to make out an
tan es, he said, were produced on a highly cultivated soil accurate return upon the present occasion. There is, how.
and thee were, therefore, not liable to the i,light which befel ever, no reason to apprelsend that the amount will be short of
the Yorkshire potatoes. He had now only to say what he had what was produced last year, arguing from the increasing
before said, that the assertions of that lion. Gentleman must, prosperity of the country. With respect to tie post-office,
have been made fur a (tarty purpose—to deceive the House in which there has been during the last year a very large
and the public, and induce them to believe That potatoes were increase of revenue, I think that that increase of revenue
plentiful that they could be bought at reasonable prices and that should be confined to that particular year. There has,
there need be no fear whatever of want of potatoes in London. however, for some time past been a gradually pro-
Toe reason why the woi kites classes of the me, rop die had been greasing increase of the revenue in that deprrtment.
sble to support themselves was, that they were well employed Ido not take the same amount of increase for the year upon
and liberally paid, and they were enabled to resort to other which we have now entered as there has been for the year
sort of food. When they recollected that 40,000/. worth of which has just closed • and for this reason—not that I antici-
potatoes had been last this year, they must see that there must pate otherwise than ;hat the revenue, having additional facilis
have been a great falling off, and he had no doubt that the ties to increase, will continue to do so--but there is an im-
Hon. Gentleman who shipped the potatoes in question would provement which I contemplate in the administration of the
not trust to potatoes aertin—(Laughter)—and he would find post.offiee, which improvement, by throwing an additional
that it would be as well to have two strings to his bow, and expense, in the first instance, on the public revenue, but
confine himself to his own proper trade.—( Hear, hear.) which, nevertheless, in my opinion, will contribute to the
Mr. LAWSON rose for the purpose of making an explana- efficiency and general character of the department, I am
tion, but resumed his seat amidst cries of " Order, order." anxious to leave a margin for the conduct of this operation ;
Mr. HUDSON said he was not going to interfere in the but still lam inclined to take only the augmentation of the re-
debate upon potatoes, but he felt himself called upon to make venue, and I therefore, content myself with taking a total sum
one observation on what had fallen from the worthy Alderman of 850,000/.. being'6o,oool. above the sum which was received
opposite in reference to the quantity of potatoes that had been in the course of last year. With respect to the crown lands, I
brought to London, as compared with those which h, d been im hare to observe that the amount apportioned for promoting the
ported into the metropolis in former years. There could be principles of the Zoological Society, and for which he was
no doubt that the recent increase in the quantity of potatoes about to submit a motion to the House, was 120,0001. This
imported into Loudon was to be attributed to increased railway was exclusive of the sums apportioned for that purpose during
accommodation.—(hear.) It had come to his knowledge that the past year. It had been calculated that the amount
many large potato districts availed themselves of the advan- required for the year ending on the sth of
tag, s offered by railways of sending off their potatoes to other April, 1847, would be 50,900,000/., exclusive of the
large towns.—( Hear, hear. ) money to be derived from the treaty with China, the full
THE BUDGET. amount of which would be at least 700,0. e 1. But including
The House then resolved itself into a Committee of Surlily, ooo' 000 e of that amount, the whole amount is stated at
51,6571. The whole of the expenditure during the last year
when was estimated at 49,400,1)00/. It is impossible to ascertain
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER rose and said what the expense will be in future years, but I may safely
—I am anxious Mr. Greene to avail myself of this opportunity, estimatehb the
made during
the past
.aatr2t,..2o,eo,l4Loei.h Great efforts
previously to the separation of the Hearse, of bringing before 0; the sen
evemral °ince Geovpersnn3ieerit, but it was' fee urt oa t expenditurethe
them that at nual statement of the finances of the country, expenditure of the useful establishments could not be reduced.
which is expected from the individual who holds the situation our attention has been especially turned to our steam navy,
which 1 have the honour to held. lam sure that the state- and it is believed that a great advantage will be obtained by
mint which I have to make to the House, will have but little the introduction of guns of heavy ca ibre into our steam force.
I will not go seriatim throueh these additions to the House, but
I
attraction, except from the subject with which it has to deal. do think, notwithstanding these charges, the expense of the
I shall not be able to embellish it with any thing novel, since consolidated debt will amount to more than 29,200,0001. At
the House have had already before them, during previous dis- present it is calculated at 28,100,0001., exclusive of the sum of
eussions, the details of these parts of the subject, which are 2,5(10,000.. which appeared as a surplus. The total amount of
the most interesting to the community. The House has already these two charges, which may be called the permanent
been informed by my Right Hon. Friend, the First Lord of the charges of a country, is thirty millions six hundred and
Treasury, of the reductions, which it was his intention to make seventy-five thousand pounds. The army expenditure of last
in the different duties of customs, which are at present made. year was six million seven hundred and forty-five thousand
Those reductions have been embodied in the Act which has pounds, being a considerable increase over the estimates. 1 pro-
already passed this House, and which now only awaits pose then for the present year an estimate of six millions six
the sanction of the other branch of the Legis- hundred and ninety-seven thousand pounds, being an increase
lature, in order to be carried to a full operation. or the estimate of the former year of 145,0001., arising, as I
It will also be unnecesiary for me to enter into details as to the have stated before, from an addition which it has been neces-
precise expenditure of the country, because the House has be- vary to make in the general force of the army, and the con-
tore them estimates now upon the table, to the full extent templated calling out of the militia.-(Hear, hear.) With
which the Government have thought it necessary to submit to respect to the estimate for the navy, I propose an estimate for
the House. Nothing, therefore, remains to me but to bring the present year of 7,521,0e0t, The estimate of the former
into one general view the statements which are before them in year being 6,943,000/., being an increase of five or six hundred
detail as to the revenue and expenditure of the country, and to thousand pounds in a branch of the legislature on which I have
show to the House tram the results hots successful havg been already stated rests the security of the country. The estimate
those m, asures which the Government in former sessions have for the ordnance last year was 2,142,0001., and I propose for
recommended to the ad,ption of Parliament, arid to which Par- this one an estimate of 2543,000 e, making an increase in that
hament had given their sanction ; and upon the continued ad- branch of the service of 490,000 e, arising in a great measure
herenee and progressive adoption of them I believe the finan- from a necessary augmentation in the corps of the artillery, the
clot prosperity of the ceuiery will be found mairly tie depend._ services of whom were no less distinguished in peace than in
( Hear, (sver.) 1 cannot help, Sir, taking this opportunity of war. This high expense on the face of the estimates will be
dispelling some of those apprehensions which have been ex- found extremely low on consideration. The other portion of
pressed by the Gentlemen on this side of the House, as to the the expense is for the repair of certain barracks which have
effects which the great commercial changes that hare since been for some time, more or less, neglected, and which it has
take place might produce upon the revenue of the country. at length been judged expedient to replace in repair,
'These apprehensions have been generally circulated out of the and for the improvement of various fortifications; thus
House by these who profess that opinion ; and it is not aiding to the comfort of the troops by improving their
I think, unimportant, that those who have honestly indulged barracks, and by furnishing them with better articles than
such opinions should be undeceived--all those who have circu- those to which they have been hitherto accustomed.
lated them with a different view should receive contradiction. I The estimates for miscellaneous expenses last year was
shall, therefore, proceed plainly tee lay before the House, in 1.32,000'. ; this estimate this year is 3,2:35,000/. But I have
the usual order, first, what has been the result of the receipts, thought it right to set, at the present moment, 200,0110/. down
and revenue, and expenditure, during the past year, and then under this head, conceiving
that I shall hereafter have to sub-
to found upon that calculation what may be the anticipations mit to the House an account of these sums expended in the re-
which may be entertained as to the receipts anti expenditures lief of the suffering population—it is necessary to have a
of the year into which we have already entered. The first margin of tins kind, under present circumstances. The ac-
point to is hick I wish to draw the attention of the House, is count, of course, is a matter of estimate, but, as 1 have said,
the calculations that have been made by my Right Hon. Friend, I have thought it right to put that sum in the estimates, in
when he addressed the House upon the subject in the last ses- order to make them up to a period, before the arrival of which
suns of Parliament, and the ',tilts which have followed from I think they will be required to meet the general expenses under
the scheme he then laid down. The House will bear in mind that head. The effect, therefore, a the total expenditure of
that my Right Honourable Friend then stated that certain the year will amount to 20,198,000/. But those additional
reductions would be made in the customs and excise rove- charges mentioned in the speech of my Right Honour-
nuee, and that the result would be that the total amount of able Friend at the commencement of the session—
the revenue would be about 49,762,000/. Of this sum I
for mmeedanical attendance,b y
and alterationfur s a
lianr i e
sthe f
schoolmasters
theder
19,509,000!, would be received from the customs, and some-
thing over 12.000,000/. from the excise; the stamps about different
poor-law unions, for the maintenance of prisoners,
7,000,000/., and the taxes about 4,200,000'., the post office and by the expense of prosecutions in criminal case, all contri-
-700,000e, the Crown lands, 159,000/., and the property- bute to this increase of the miscellaneous estimates. They are
tax 5,200,0004 I beg to say that lam now speaking in all comprised in the statement ihave made. 'l he total amount
round numbers, but the suns total makes, as I already stated, of the service of the year, therefore, amounts to 2.i,19-i,0004,
49,762,000/. Now in looking at the calculations made by my which when, with the other charges, are deducted from the ex-
Hight Hon. Friend, it will be found that while he had esti- peeted revenue of the year 51,630,6004, makes a total amount
mated the sum total of the revenue as only 49,000,000/., it of expenditute of 50,863,000/, which leaves a surplus at
will be found that it has in fact exceeded 51,000,000/.. and the end of the year of 776,000/. It was with a similar
that in this suns was included a sum for the excise of over surplus in the commencement of last year that we entered upon
13,000,000/ , for the stamp duties, 7,600,000/., and for the the period which is past. It is with a similar surplus that we
other items sums proportionably increased ; all of which I enter upon the present year ; but I enter upon it now as I did
think exhibit a great increase in the commercial transaetions then, with increased confidence that the estimate I hare made
of this country. I must state that the property-tax as to the expenditure of the country, commerce will be
has beets somewhat diminished owing to the repay- rather diminished than increased, and that the House, at a
reents which it had been necessary to' make; and, there- future period, will have time satisfaction of finding that the result
fore, the deductions in that item can be easily accounted for. is even more prosperous than I have now stated.
lAM reminded of the Post-office. This department produced Unless it can be shown to me that there is some great error in
in the year preceding the last 700,009/., but in the last year 'tie csiculations which I have
.made, I think I may say we
793,000 e, an indication that stamps the period as one o' hare the satisfaction of krieng that the result is mainly
n,
great commercial prosperity. The • general receipts owing to the course which I arle lament has of late years adopted,
amounted to b2,000.0:30/. ; and here it must be recollected in abolishing prohibitory duties, and in relaxing protective
that, independently of the ordinary resources of the country, a duties, giving to the industry ot the country increased energy,
sum of 750,000/. had been received from China. The total and securing for the people at once a means of employment, and
resources of the country in past years, which amounted to an easy means of procuring the nec.ssaries and comforts of
49.706,000/., has increased to no less a sum than 52 009 0001. life. But, Sir, when 1 attribute the prosperity of the year
I think that the House will agree that the anticipations of my which has passed, and anticipate the prosperity of the year
Right Hon Friend and myself in the last session have been which is to come, I may be told that, is ascribing it to the •
amply vet died. We have anxiously endeavoured to keep the causes I have just named, lam at fault. I may he told that
charges Lyon the debt within the estimate. The sum which one year the financial system may be attended with fortuitous
we laid before Pa, liament was 30,749,000 e, and this we find circumstances and accidental advantages, and that the circum-
reduced to 30,600,000 a, in consequence of a certain stances of a single your do not apply always to the future, I ad-
amount being charged utters the consolidated fund. mit the force se this ouservation. I admit that you haveno right
The estimate for the service of the army and navy, and ordnance, to urge the advantages I have stated as of one year as a rea-
and the Inlseellan ous estimates, amount to within 40,000/. of son for applying a particular system to the future; but I ask
the sum stated by my Right lion. Friend. The total result may the House not to esnfine their observations, merely to what
therefore be stated thus : a total revenue of 52,009,000/, while has occurred in the present year, or to what resulted
the fiepee 49.429,000/.,leaving hag amounted to 49,429,000/.,leavin. a nett from the measures adopted in • the last year, but
surplus of 2,591,0i01. Thew was this year to be added to the to carry back their views to a lone series of
tide of revenue, an amount of unclaimed dividends, which. years? (teeing which the present system has been in operation.
earyiee in everyla year, amoun' ed this year to 2,350,000/. Now It was in the year 1842, soon after the period when the present
recollection of the H use that when my Right Government came into office, that the present system first
it Will l' m t :ada his statement in the Course of the last year, commenced, and I beg of the House to go along with me in
Hon, Friend mosaic .
gl anxious not to create a sanguine eepecta- considering what has been the continued progress and result of
be was exeeel
Int
Yas to the measures he was about to propose; , the measures introduced by the Gevermuent, and adopted by
tion its the country
to
the 1
ouie a very moderate surplus. The ' the House. It will be recollected what was the state of the
he therefore stated
revenue showed a very
cansieesable improvement upon the esti- country at the period when the present Government entered
mate, and I thi .k thatvveryth
e statement which see have to lay be i office—not that 1 wish to enter into a comparison between any
fore you will be ackno . wled ed to be of the mod satisfactory ! particular administrations. And now, in the next plats, I
I,g i ,ierent elasticity of the re- ! propese to call the attention of the blouse to the situ.tion of
character. It proves tee
,noos, whieh are at the country at the period when we entered into Government.
when Certain at
soot ,4 this ceuotry ; and e
shall b' removed, then I There had been for some years a considerable deficiency in the
imp aid upini our commerce,
present. satisfactory. Your com- revenue—that defici etcy had inereased at that period to a very
am sure the result will be even more .
e amount ; ahem •
and prosperity of larglpts had been made by increased
net ice will be increased, and the haypiness_ dd. taxation. and 'indeedoper y made, to overcome that deficiency, but
will be greatly e4.ten e
that the auennentan
the great body of the people
it was found e esa of the duty on customs
The estimates are taken for the present year in accordance s excise had not the effect. of materially .
I have, there- Ind augmenting
with the principles which I adopted last year.
reference the revenues. The first duty of tie
.Government, therefor('
t ire, new to state to the House my calculations with
under these circumstances was to ge rid of that deficiency,'' and
t , the expenditure and the revenge of the present year, with ,
to prevent its recurrence for the tut r • '
u e , and it was necessary at
this additional advantage, that lam able more couhdently to . it Was indispensably necessary for the good of the
uttieiPate the future; in consequence of the experience of the that time—

country, that a great additional' burden should be imposed fjr
the purpsse of relieving from that iricubits—that amount of
debt which was sure, if permitted to continue, to break down
the financial prosperity of this country.—( Hear, hear.) Feel-
ing, then, as we feel now, that the great cause of national
prosperity was the relief of the country from those particular
burdens which pres3ed more particularly upon the poorer
classes of the community—which affected the industry—which
checked employment—which prevented the extension of ma-

nufactures-4mpressed deeply with those senttments, we com-
bined with the large imposition of taxes a very large reduction
of the existing burdens, by taking off from the customs all the
prohibitory duties, and to reduce all protective duties to a
more moderate range. And we relied then upon
what had actually occurred as to the stimului which
those measures would give to the industry of the country in the
production of a happy future. Sir, in the year 1842, it was
proposed to reduce the duty upon 583 articles, with some few
exceptions ; in 1843, pursuing the same system of further redac-
tion in the duties, upon 7 articles was proposed ; in 1844, upon
4 articles of customs ; in 1845, upon 21 articles of customs, the
duties were reduced upon 444 articles, and some duties were
repealed; in 1846, the duties in the
customs were again re•
duced upon 112 articles -that is by the Bills which have now
gone to the other House of Parliament, and an entire repeal is
made upon 54 articles, making, with the proposed reduction of
imposed
osigniave a.
duties up to tee present time, a reduction of duties upon 727
articles, and a repeal of the duty upon 503 articles, upon whichg
taxes had to be previously paid. Those articles, being for the
most part those which concern the food, the clothing,
and tee
comforts of the people, as well as those articles aehich are
used
in the manufactures of this country, and which a re-
striction upon the employment of the people,
restriction upon the trade which that employment would
Now, Sir, let us then take a review of what has been h
of those operations. We have, as I have shown, had four years
result
experience, upon which we have acted in the same course,-g a
dually. esutiously, but progressively, diminishing thotte pa;ticru--
lar duties which pressed severely open the industry or
the comforts of the people. And let us see what has been the
result ? How are we to test its effect upon the condition of the
country ? What shall we take as the index of the general pros-
perity of the country, deduced from the operation of the mea
sures of relief upon the people for whom that relief %cal pro.
posed. It appears to me, Sir, that there are some tests which,
on this subject, may be very well applied. I think, in the first
place, we must know what is the financial prosperity of the
country-ascertaining what is the available sum that the
country has at its disposal at any particular period, dealing
with the country as with individuals-that individual is wealthy
who has balance at his banker's sufficient to meet the ordinary
demands upon him-that individual is poor who has not the
means to meet the demands. In the like manner, the first
test that I will apply is-what have been the balances of the
exchequer of this country? On the Ist of January, 1842, the
balance of the exchequer of this country was 3,650,000'.; on
the Ist of January, 1846, the balance of the exchequer
was 8,450,000!., and if you deduct from that bal-
ance what was in the exchequer on the Ist of
January, 1842, it shows an increase in the balance
' of the Exchequer, of the available means that the Government
has at its disposal, of 4,798,000/. Sir, then, as regards that
particular test of national prosperity, I think the House will
admit it to be complete. The next point to which I shall ad-
vert is, what has been the state of the debt of the country,
during the period to which I have adverted. if we find the
country accumulating annually an amount of debt, however
small, we can hardly look upon that as an indication of national
prosperity. An increase of the debt of the country may be
overcome by other advantages, but it is plain, that if notwith-
standing that state of things he debt of the country is reduced
-I say that we must regard with the greatest favour, that sys-
tem of finance which has led to that conclusion. The debt
of this country consists of two great parts, the funded and
the unfunded-and they must necessarily he taken together,
because, by transferring one portion of those debts to the other,
a decrease is made in the one, whilst a corresponding increase
is made in the other. On the Ist of January, 1842, the capital
of the funded debt was 77,253,000/.-all these accounts are
on the paper before the House. The Exchequer-bills
outstanding were 19,678,000/. The total debt, therefore, of the
funded and unfunded debt amounted to 792,00(5,000'. What
was the state, on the Ist of January, 1846, of the funded debt ?
Ia 1842 it was 772,000,0001., and on the Ist of January, 1846
it was 776,600,000/. The funded debt that was 19,678,000/.
on the Ist of January, 1842, was 18,409,000/, on the Ist.
.lanuary, 1846, making a total of 785,115,090/ on the Ist
January, 1846, as contrasted with the 792,000,000/. on the Ist
January, 1842-( Hear, hear)-showing a reduction during
those last years in the funded debt of 7,000,0031.-(Cheers.)
This statement, therefore, shows clearly a reduction upon the
unfunded debt of 7,000,000/. ; but there is another item to
which I would wish to call attention, and it is an item under
the head of what is called deficiency, and it is an item which
renders it necessary for the Governmet to borrow a certain
sum to make up the Exchequer, and to meet the demands
upon it. In respect to this item, it would not be fair
to compare any one quarter of the year 1842 with any quarter
of the year 1846, because many circumstances have occurred
which would render it impossible that such a comparison
would present a fair contrast.-( Hear, hear.) I have, there-
fore, taken the average of the deficiencies for the whole of the
four quartens of the year 1842, and compared them with the
whole of the four quarters of 1846, and I find that in the year
1842 the sum total of the deficiencies for the four quarters of
that year amounted to 6,163,030/.; while those of 1846
amounted to 2,029,000/. ; thus making a decrease in this item
for this year of 4,133,000/., as compared with the year 1842,
which I think is about equal to the decrease I have already
named of 7,000,000/. in the unfunded debt; and here I may
observe that this economy of the public funds is consistent
with an assertion made by Mr. Huskisson, in this
House, to the effect that economy was not to be effected
by reducing the capital of the debt, bat reducing the amount
of the general charge upon the country.-( Hear, hear. )
On the Ist of January, 1842, the interest on the funded debt
was 24,40),000. ; on terminable annuities, 4,000,000/. ; the
management of the debt at that time involved an expense of
160,000/., and the interest on exchequer-bills was 896,000/.
The total charge on the debt, which was to be derived out of
the taxes on the country, which was in fact the very first
charge to be derived, was 29.598,000/. Now let us look at
the year 1846. On the Ist of January, 1846, the interest on
the funded debt was 23.600,000!. ; the interest on the termin-
able annuities was 3,967,000/. I insert this last item to
show that the reduction on the funded debt has not been in-
creased by any addition to the terminable annuities, because
we find, that in the year 1842, as in the year 1846, the ter-
minable annuities have remained at nearly the same amount.
In the year 1846 the management of the debt, which in 1842
had been 160,090!., was reduced to 93,000/. The interest on
exchequer-bills, which in 1642 had amounted to 896,0001.,
was in 1846 reduced to 426,000/. The total result, there-
fore, of all these charges on the debt was in 1842,
29.597 0001., while, on the Ist of January, 184 a, it was
28,129,0001., leaving a balance of relief to the public in the
sole article of charges on the debt to the amount of one million
and a half. We might have taken the advantage of a further
relief, but we have preferred postponing these advantages to
the year 1854, when relief to the extent t f 625,0004 will be
given in addition. This will give an amount of a million and a
half in immediate relief, and a yearly saving of 625,0".01,; at
no very distant time, making a total relief of two millions and
more on the interest which is at present taken out of the pub-
lic taxes. What, then, is the result of the test we have ap-
plied? That we have now a balance in the exchequer of
5,000,0001.-that we have reduced the debt by 7,000,000/.-
that we have reduced the amount of exchequer-bills by
4,000,0001., and you have effected a saving in the manage..
ment of the public debt of a million and a half, and also a
saving annually in the interest of the debt of 625,000/. I ask
any man to show me how these advantages have been secured
to the country, if not by that system of commercial and
financial policy which it has been the good fortune of the Go-
vernment to adopt? With reference to the public debt, there
is one observation which I wish to make. It may
be said that you have reduced the public debt,
but during that time you have had a large re-
mittance from China of 3,500,0001., which has constituted
more than half the reduction of the national debt. The amount
altogether received from China was 3,360,000/. But how has
this sum been applied? In the first place, we have applied on
behalf of the expenses of the Chinese war in the year 1842,
400,( 00/. ; in the year 1843, 800,0004 ; in the year 1844,
820.000/. ; opium compensation, 1,270,000/. ; making a total
of 3,290,000/., leaving only a balance of 30/.-( Laughter.)
Now, Sir, I am sure the House will concur with me that this
statement is satisfactory. How has this result been obtained ?
Has it been obtained by starving the services of the country,
and depriving us of the means of preserving peace at home and
our honour abroad? We have thought it right to keep the
services of the country on a more solid and firm footing. We
have been able to save money and to effect the object without
the imposition of any fresh taxes. I know it may be said you
may easily get a reduction of the debt by imposing taxes, and
in despotic governments the people are heavily taxed in order
to pay off the public debts. We have, however, not done so.
-( Hear.) When a reduction in any tax takes place, it is
expected that an augmentation in. consumption will take place,
and you must therefore in considering the relief afforded to the
people, take the ameunt which is consumed under the reduced
duty compared with what it was before. Take for instance the
consumption of sugar under the former duty to be 13,000,000
of lbs., then the amount of relief afforded is that which is con-
sumed beyond that amount, because when we find there is
now consumed 50,000,000 tons a year, it gives every man
relief in proportion to the extra consumption compared to the
previous amount, besides the difference in the price of a pound
of sugar. When we consider the relative pressure of taxation
imposed and reduced, it will be shown that we must not take
the amount of revenue last, but the amount that would
have to have been imposed if these alterations in duties
had not come into operation. ha 1842, the taxes
that were imposed were, 5,630,000/., principally
property-tax, with some additions in customs and the stamp
duty. In 1845, there were two small additions made in cus-
toms and stamps, but these were inconsiderable. The total
amount of reduction from the Ist of January. 1845, up till
1846, is 624,008/. But when I come to consider the reduction
of the taxes during the same period, I find they are from 1842
as follows : -In 1842, the reduction made was 159,000/, ; in
1843, the reduction from customs was 171,000/ ; in the excise,
240,030!., making a total of 411,000/. In 1844, the reduction
in the customs was 384,000/. ; in the excise, 25,0001.; in the
stamps, &c., 192,000/, making a total of 414,000/. In 1845,
the total relief afforded was. in customs, 364,000/. ; in excise,
1,1351., making in all 4,749,900/. And the relief that would
be afforded by the measures now in course of progress through
Parliament, would effect a reduction in taxation to the amount
of 1,041,0001., making a total amount of 8,206,000/. If we
net against this large reduction the amount of duty unpaid,
which is 5,624,000!., it leaves a balance in favour
of the people of no less a sum than 3,582,0301.
With all these large reductions, you have effected an important
object in the reduction of debt, annual charge, and other
circumstances, materially affecting our national prosperity
finance. To what shall I attribute thin circumstance ?om
gentlemen will tell me that, for a series of years, we have had
a succession of good harvests, and to these harvests alone are
to be attributed the improvements which had taken place.
God forbid that I should do anything to depreciate the value of
the greatest blessing that God has sent us, or that I should
show any want of gratitude, or want of a due sense of the
blessings for which we should be grateful. I feel this as deeply
as any one, and I know the importance of the happiness of the
people, and the financial prosperity of the country ;
and I feel deeply sensible of the importance of a good
harvest. We have had former periods in which
during several consecutive years we have had harvests equal
to the present one, but can we show that in these suc-
cessive years, say fear years, or even more, of abundant
harvests, one year which has in its effect been so pros-
perous as the prestnt. If we take the years 1834, 1835,
1436. They were years in which abundance existed,
e-pecially in the year 1834' for nothing like the harvest of
that year was knqwn for many years, either before or since.
If we look at these particular periods, we shall find that
the revenue duties were increased materially; but the effect
of that revenue on the debt or annual charge, or by its
relief to the people, by no means corresponded with the effect
which had been prodaited of late. In detailing these things to
the House I will glance at the years 1821, 1822, 1823, which
were years of unusual plenty. Can you show me in any one
of those periods similar results to those now produced, and which
I am now proceeding to detail to the House. "In these later
years to which I have called your attention, we have adopted a
system of commercial and financial policy, which had mate-
rially aided the efforts of the country to relieve itself of the
difficulties, surrounded as it was by restrictive duties, anti which
commenced by a cautions reduction of
duties
as a protection. Through a long o f acting
series years we
have adhered to this policy, and we can say, that we have at-
tained advantages, which under ether circumstances, we should
not for years have attained. It was, however, conducted by a

. • -
I.irrlan"itf infinitely more ability than the humh!e in the great charges. He did not think the Chancellor had
dividual who now addresses you. We are not in ' stated his case in a sufficiently ample manner. He had not
debted to finance only for the prosperity of the coon- told them what he expected wool(' be the amount of duties
try. Financial prosperity is a most desirable thing in received under the proposed Corn Bill. The.Hou. Gentle-
itself, and derives additional value when accompanied by man bad entered into a glowing statement of the result of the
an increase of the comforts of the people, by an improvement policy which his party have pursued when placed in comparo-
in their moral habits, an extension of instruction amongst j son with that of the gentleman who sat on the opposition
them, and a greater attention to their moral and religious beentvs, but he did not consider that he had any great right to
duties. How can we measure the comforts of the people congratulate himself. When the Right Hon. Gentleman said
except by a well known test which I have often seen applied in that all this great prosperity was to be ascribed to their finan-
this House. What were the savings of the people, and what cial measures, he (Lord G. Bentinek) thought that he
amount of their small incomes could they afford to devote to assumed to himself a credit for an effect which in reality was
pecuniary investment. If you take the four years preceding produced by the gift of Providence. When it was also stated
the year 1842, and institute a comparison between them and that the advantage caused by all reductions would go to the
the four succeeding years, with reference to the amount of consumer, he must venture at once utterly to deny the fart. Th.
savings, deposited in the savings -banks, comparing the amount produce of the reduction was, it was well. kuoten, swallowed
drawn with the deposits, that will give an assurance of up by the producer and other parties who went between the
the greater comforts on the part of the people. Take producer and consumers It was, however, only wasting the
the difference between the total deposited during the four years time of the House to go into the whole question, awl he
before and after 1842. In the year 1842, they wouldfind that would refrain from troubling it any further, at the same time
before that period the amount was 357,0001., anti during the entering his pretest against its being supposed that he consented
four years which succeeded 'the total was 793,000/., or more ' to receive such a financial statement as hidthat ninnit been
than double the amount put in in the antecedent years. That made.
was also when an additionalrestriction was imposed with regard Mr. C. WOOD considered that the financial Arrangements
to the amount of money to be deposited, and when the rate of ‘ of this cateary had not been vccy ably carried out, but be did
interest was reduced below its usual standard. A large portion a not think that the course taken by the Chan, Shur of the Ex.-
of the whole amount returned was from the ordinary 'people chequer was at all .likely to aceomphsh w bat he (the Clan'-
Who invested their money for the first time at these banks. No : edict'. of the Exchequer) said he led I;, view, viz., she assimi-
less than a million 01 contributors have deposited their money ! la, ion of the army and navy estimates. Under the present
in thesesavings'-banks. There was another test of the comforts : mode of management, that was an end which would nevar lie
Is.-ovie for th ;Wants of the country.
of the people. Let us lock at the consumption of the ' attained. He did_ not think that the firancAl statement which
sufficiently capa..at, and -where it Was
. He thought there ought to he an explamaii,n he site po,nts
was not the slightest reduction of any exeiseahle article ;on•so it not prom
excise commodities. Let us take this in ;articular. There ;, had been delivereiilsewatos
lor of the Exchequer was better able
i; ' ' referred to. Willi regard to th - ' - ' " ' lie
the contrary, malt, soap, sugar, beer, all on the increase, and
so are all the other articles from the top of the ost to thehad
i , e income from customs, he
admitted that •
bottom. Taking the power of consumption by the people and the Chenae
the power of accumulation, they would there find a test than any of them ta give. an estimate of what the future re-
of their increased comforts. With' respect to the moral habits c;ipts of the country. Tight,. he i ; Still it was competent in
of the people, all classes in different parts of the country were . them to express inn Dpi. ion otie data on which he founded
much improved,' and the returns laid upon the table of that ' his calculation. The Right Hon. entlernan deducted two-
Houseshowed a decrease in the state of crime to the amount of fifths of the actual reduction made in the customs as the probable
7 per cent. I cannot refer to these statistical statements, but ' loss on this branch of the revenue next year, making the total
I can say that the advantage is largely on the side of improve- ' revenue from customs 19,300,00 A Now, lie thought a san-
rnert. At any rate, it appeals that a good opportunity ! is e
euine cab ulation had been made in this respect, and that in-
opened for investigation by contrasting the
state of the schoals ' stead of taking six weeks back, which was not a fair period for
of these districts. From the return it appears that the num. 1 a calculation,
he ought to have gone back ,for a longer time.
ber of persons educated in this particular
"lass of ' He (Mr. C. Wood) admitted that some of the calculations of
schoolsis have ,
been in the proportion of five to two. This, it these relating to the post-
appears, the !lea year were correct, especially
surest evidence that can be adduced on the subject, and shows -j officeand the excise, but it was not se on the estimate of cus-
the benefits of the moral advance which has been made in toms. If theexperience' of the last year was applied to the
this. I .
country, and of the effects which are likely to result from it. I next, he considered the income fecal customs should not be
There have been times in this country when there was a great I estimated at more than I S.801)c, ::rl. The calculation of the
advantage calculated from the building of fifty churches ; and Right Hon. Gentleman was therefore ovrrstated. The whole
this was adduced of the great benefits enjoyed by the lower or- expenditure of the year - • set lown at 51,GW,0001. ; whereas
ders. But I. am happy to say that the interests of religion are he considered it wouldb
ewaats
least
0001.;t51,761.
sti that, including
not only advanced by the building of fifty churches in the course the China money, the t xpendiiure would be more
of a series of years, but that it is promoted by the bending of than the total income b - 119,000/. ; and without
fifty churches• in every consecutive year ; and lam fur- that money, 800,000/. He would go to another point, and
Cher happy to say that this indication of the mo- that was to the policy. of the Ministryfor the present lean. He
ral and the religious advance of the people is not considered the greatest benefits would result from the aitei a-
a transient
advancedan evanescent advance, but a permanent and deci- tions that were now proposed in the tariff, and in the ado tion
sive ; for there does not appear to be any ins'ance of of free trade. They would facilitate trade and co
and
this progress being actuated by capricious motives, but that the opeerrateabliedneeficiedly in giving employment to the people. Tim-
persons who are chiefly affected by it, are those to whom just 'h. of
a.ed 500,07tOription, introduced into this country, had in-
such an advance is likely to be of the most service. And if I ,•re s _ loads, and this must have tended to increase
he employment of the,
have satisfied you that these results are in the main part t• They had latterly badgood h
ar-
sts and it was this, added to
attributable to the policy which has been pursued, not haitily or `es
~ other circumstances which. so much
rashly, but calmly and cautiously introduced, and working ' had occasioned _ prosperity. It would be found
therefore great immediate, yet nevertheless, permanent. bles- that the increased consumption of the last few years
sings. If, I say, we can trace them to these causes, is it not applied principally to articles of food, and this increased
the strongest encouragement we could have, to pursue a course consumption could only in his opinion be anti-
fraught with such benefits; and here I cannot refrain from say. buted to increased prosperity in manufactures, which gave
ing, that I review with satisfaction the part which it has been so much employment to large masses of the community.
my lot to take in ' these several measures, the result of which I ( Hear, hear.) The Right Ilonourable Gentleman the
have had the pleasure of stating to you this night. Ought we Chancellor of the Exchequer had said they had a strong;
not, then, to go on in the course which we have commenced? proof of the improved condition of the people in the
In reducing the burdens on the people, and removing every- increase which had taken place in the excise duties.
thing which can affect their comfort', and we will thus nlice on This increase, too, could be traced to the prevailing
the strangest foundation, not merely the financial, or th i emit- prosperity of manufactures which he for one attributed
mercial, but the general interests of this mighty country. to those liberal commercial measures which the House
Mr. BARING could not help observing that he considered had recently adopted, and he was glad to find that the Right
the course taken by her Majesty's Government was a departure Hon. Gentleman had began to propose a reduction in the
from the general course of proceeding in matters of this kind. deferential duties on sugar, and other articles of home con-
They had at the present moment to consider this practical sumption. Last year lie ventured to remonstrate against some
question—What, after all that had been done, would be the of these duties, and he was rejoiced to find they were new to
finances of the country ? They had at the moment to look be reduced, because he considered it would improve the com-
et their balance, and to consider whether the revenue would merce of the country, and at the same time place within the
be sufficient to meet the annual expense, and with that view reach of the industrial classes articles of consumption, which
he proposed to submit the figures of the Right Hon. Gentle- had hitherto been beyond their means. --( Hear, hear.) He
man, who had addressed the House with great clearness, to therefore, hailed the Right Hen. Gentleman's declaration on
some examination. He was glad, however, to find that the this point, as the first step toward, an improvement in this
Right Hon. Gentleman had been educated in opinions which branch of the system, and he now looked forward with con-
he formerly opposed—( Hear, hear) —but he was surprised to fidence, and feeling of the liveliest satisfaction, to the day which
find that, throughout his speech, but a small portion of his rs e- he hoped, indeed he felt sure, was net far di
distant , when these
marks, indeed, were devoted to what he considered the most duties would have to undergo a thorough• revision at the hands
important point of all—namely, the surplus. It seemed to him of the Legislature. ----( Cheers. )
that he had the greatest pleasure in flying off from the financial Mr. CARDWELL said he felt great surprise at he • g
matters of this year, and the advantages which the country Hon. Member opposite taking so gloomy a
view of 'tl-anr.je the
future.n
would derive from a relaxed commercial policy. A great pressure had been removed from the '
in-
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he had dustry, and the result should be a sormos of great stimulus to trade and
addressed himself to the subject. commerce. He begged to remind the Hon. Memberthat the
Mr. BARING then went on to say—The balance than ap- Chancellor of the Exchequer had confined himself to the ex-
peered to be 776.000/. in favour of the Exchequer in China penses incurred within the year, and therefore the Govern_
money, in least such was the fact, if the Right Hon. Gentle- ment were only following up the course which they were war-
man had stated his account correctly. He should now be ranted in doing by all precedent ; and, if they had adopted any
compelled to trouble the House with a few details, in order to other course, it would only have the effect of creating con,
show that the Hon. Gentleman had not stated his account fusion. This was not a fair comparison. It was not fair to
correctly. He would suppose a familiar case, that of a man say that the customs' duties last year had only realised
having a house for which he paid 4 :0/• a-year rent.; if that 200,000/. For 200,0001. lie (Mr. Cardwell) would read
and he would
was paid quarterly, one of the tivarters coming due 2,000,0001., prove that this was correct. The
in January of the ensuing year of course credit Hon. Member then read returns to prove this assertion. The
would be taken in the preceding year, for only Hon. and Learned Member had taken his returns from docu-
three-quarters having been paid. Now this was the ments in which every allowance was made for a supposed
case in respect to the accounts of the Right Hon, Gentleman, falling off in consequence of reduction, and therefore be was, so
for he (Mr. Baring) found by the charge for the half-pay far, mistaken. But it was said that they must look to other
military allowance of 434,00:4., that credit had been taken for quarters for their revenue. But the returns laid be-.
only three-quarters of this year, which would throw the four lore the House showed that since the reductions in the
quarters into the next year. He also found in the army esti- customs and excise consequent on the altera,ions of the tariff"
mates that the expenditure had been understated by 208,000 n, the revenue so far from decreasing, had been considerabl7 in'
and the ordinance service by 290,0001., making half a million creased; and if they still more relaxed the springs of co,:ntn,rce-,
upon those two items. Then the balance, including the China he was of opinion that a continued system of prosperity would
money, had been estimated at 776,0001. ; but if that sum were be induced, which would in time coming add CO L'. Lirehappiness
not taken into account, and if the sum of 860,000/. and comfort of the people.
which had nut been estimated, should even be left Mr. WILLIAMS had expected that the :light lien. Gontle
out, the actual balance would he hut 70,0001. man the Chancellor of the Exciteqeser would have node
lie was not giving this as a blame to the Government. He had some considerable reductions in tee expenilit arc et the
no reason to suppose that there would be an increase of those several departments, hut he had not (lone so. If
estimates, but he would say, that if the Government were they looked at the charges of the
naval, the
anxious to perform their public duties in a proper manner, it military, and ordnance services, thee would find that as
would be matter of impossibility to effect great reductions in compared with the American, the people were taxed at the
the taxes, or in the collection of the revenue. If they looked rate of sixteen to three millions, and SO it vio s with every
at the customs, for instance, they would find that the cost of other department. He found, for instance, that in the three
collecting the customs was much the same under the present years following tne elevation of the present Almison to power,
that it was under the old system, before they began these that there were no less than gait, new j-'aces created at
changes. The cost of labour in the customs, and the salaries a cost of 225,01 M. He noted thst a sum of 149,5004,,
to the officials there, were indeed the same, the reduction. was required for 113 of these ni w places. There was
having been altogether effected in the superannuation. Hoe one point on which he was sure that her Majesty's
Gentlemen might recollect, that on a former time they were Government must make a material reduction in the expendi-
told, that if there were too many changes their expenditure was cure, if they would follow the example which had been laid
extravagant, but that the course pursued appeared necessary in down by France and all other Countries in the world. He
order to keep up a perfect establishment. He believed that found, by a return made in 1842, that 6,7C0,00A Was, in
the present estimates were larger than any that had ever been the previous year, expended in the shape of salaries to the
submitted to that House for similar services since 1n22. It officers employed in the Customs, Excise, Stamps, Post.
might be unfair to charge Hon. Gentlemen opposite wiTh re- office, &c. Now, if these sums- were annually brought before
suits which have possibly arisen from the course of policy pur- the House, to be voted for in the setae manner as were the
sued by his Noble Friend beside him, and with those v. hi slow salaries of individuals employed in the army, navy, &e. there
joined with him in office. He perfectly concurred ia the must necessarily be a great reduction in their salaries ; anti
wisdom, in the expediency, and in the justice of relaxii p. as of all other times, thia was the most appropriate to make such
far as they could, the present restrictive duties; but if they reductions. At no time during the last thirty years was the
were to say that the commercial prosperity of the country price of the article of food so low as at present.
(luring the last few years was occasioned by the Right Hon. Mr. HUDSON said that at that late hour of the eveninr,
Gentleman's tariff, then he (Mr. Baring) contended that he had no desire to trespass on the attention of the House ;
they were perfectly mistaken if they alleged any such thing but he must beg leave to say that the Right Hon. Gentleman
He certainly did think that the Right Hon. Gentleman would had, in the words of an lion. Mcm.lter, made a most serious
have spoken much more mildly than he did with respect to the omission in his statemenn He did not think that the state-
past year. He thought that the Right Hon. Gentleman ment that had been made was one of the most satisfactory
should have been a little more explicit in his explanations as to character, or that it should be regarded as a speech at which
the income-tax.—( Hear, hear.) The Right Hon. Gentleman the country might feel grateful. Ile did expect that some-
tripped very dexterously into something about the policy which thing more would have been done for relieving the people from
the Government had pursued, and now and then he made a sly taxation—that a speculative Ministry such as we had now
hit at the individual who was then addressing the House.— would have reduced • the duty on tea, which was
(Laughter.) He did not believe, although he was opposed to an article of such large consumption. The surplus
the income-tax, that the Government would be in a situa'ion revenue had been expended in the internal improvements of the
to take it off at the erd of the three years.—( Hear, hear.) country. The Right lion. Gentleman (the Chancellor of the
He would not follow the Right Hon. Gentleman in the course Exchequer) had spoken with ranch self- congratulation on the
of arguments which he had brought before the House, but prosperity of the last four years, and attributed that prosperity
there was one point on which he could wish to have an explanan to himself and his colleagues, forgetting that abundant harvests
tion from the Right Hon. Gentleman. The Right Hon. Gen- had much to do in the production of that prosperity. He should
tleman had stated that he had increased his balance in the be called Mr. Prosperity Chancellor of the Exchequer. When
Exchequer, and he should wish to show in what way that had he was a boy he was taught that " self-praise was no corn-
been done. The House was well aware that at the end of mendation." If the country had prospel std during the last four
every quarter the surplus revenue was handed over to the Com- years, why did they seek to disturb that prosperity
by the
missioners of the National Debt for the purpose of reducing the adoption of the system of free-trade ?
public debt. On looking at the accounts, he (Mr. Baring) The House then resumed, and the report was ordered to be
found that in the years 1844 and 1845, they had a sum o I received on Friday.
1.6-0,000/. to be so applied. But he found that the Right The Highways and Coercion Bills were postponed until
Hon. Gentleman had not handed over that sum for any such Monday, the 18th of June.
purpose; he had, it would appear, appropriated it to the pur- The Poor-law Removal 13111 was postponed to Friday next-
poses of increasing his Exchequer balance, so that, prat- The House then adjourned till Friday next,
tically, the money that was formerly herded over
to the Commissioners appointed for the reduc-
tion of the National Debt was now handed
over to the Chancellor of the Exchequer.—(Hear, hear.)
He would not say that it was not perfectly right for the Right
Hon. Gentleman to apply the surplus for such purposes, but he
should have stated in his speech, that it was by those means that
he had increased the balance in Exchequer. The policy of the
Government with regard to free trade had been introduced by
the Right Hon. Gentleman in the course of his speech, but he
(Mr. Baring) conceived that that bad nothing to do with the
budget, which was the proper subject of discussion that evening.
—( Hear, hear.) He believed, that if the statements had . been
made correctly, it would be found, that instead of their bergrea
surplus in the revenue of the country during the past year, he.
was really a deficiency of 700.000 L He was afraid
.. that..T.47
too sanguine in his anticipations
Right Hon. Gentleman was tar . t.
as to the results of the commercial policy of the Government.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER. in explination,
said that with regard to the first question of the Hon. Mem-
ber, as to the mode in which the accounts of the army and navy
were made out, the present system had been found to be by far
the best. With regard to the other question, viz., that about
the handing over the surplus to the Chancellor of the Exchequer
instead of to the Commissioners for the Reduction o ftheNa-
tional
Debt, it was certainly true that the surplus was applied
for the purpose of increasing the balances of the exchequer.
But the principle was not a new one. He believed it was the
system pursued by the present Government's predecessors
in office. The opinion of the Honourable Member
as to the expenditure of the present year was
no doubt true. (Hear, hear.) The reason why the
surplus was handed over to the exchequer was tolerably
obvious. When the balances of the exchequer were small the
government was obliged very often to borrow money from the
Bank. But by, increasing their balance they rendered them-
selves independent of the Bank, and relieved themselves from
the many difficulties which would attend the borrowing of
money from that establishment for public purposes.—( Hear.)
Mr. HUME thought the Government had acted • h rig t in
endeavouring to make themselves independent of the bank.
With reference to the reduction in the taxation of the country,
he attached great importance to it. He would be glad to see
indirect taxation removed altogether, and a direct tax upon
property or income imposed in its place. He believed that the
measure in progress would tend to the benefit of this country.
He blamed no man for changing his opinion when he changed
e
from bad to good. With regard to the expenditure and th
revenue he thought they were of a highly gratifying nature.
If he had any complaint to make, it would be that f
'i
keepingthat w as
up a large establishment in time of peace;of perhapsheir He
necessary in oider to preserve the peace _ country.
other articles would
considered that restrictions on food and..
be injurious to the revenue. The revenue might be increased
by a removal of the duty on tea; the comforts o ti e population
would be increased, and the trade h with China strengthened.
Now, , se understood, smuggling had not been diminished,
and he had to complain that the Government, after reduc-
ingduties on 600 articles, had not reduced their cus-
tomhouse the .
onohouse establishment. The country comp] oiled of the
costt which that establishment entailed. But the reason was,
as soon as the post of a CommistiOner of Customs became
vacant, there was a general ruse to have it filled up, and
this was a course of which the country had a right to com-
plain. The duty on the stalks of tobacco, which were largely
used in this country for the purpose of making snuff, was
2,600 per oent. ; and he considered if they removed all these
duties, they might reasonably reduce the custom-house de-
partment.
Lord G. BENTINCK said he could not object to the
estimate for the army or navy, for when they recollected the
expression of Mr. Calhoun, in the American Senate, he did
not think any reasonable objection could be made against them.
But he considered the surplus of 773,000/. was rather a narrow
one, when they considered that it was made in the face of all

Thu following distinguished personages hare visited
the Royal Surrey Zoological Gardens during the last few
days :—Her Grace the Duchess of Northumberland, .Lady
Holmesdale, Lady 11. Clive, Miss Clive and party, his Grace
the Duke of Marlborough. Duke of Beaufort, Lord A,
Churchill, Marquis of Blandford, Lord Shelbourn f, Lord A.
} 'itzclarence, Lord Mahon and family, Earl of Wicklow and
party, Lord Portman and sons, Count Bethany, Sir H,
Hunloke, Lord Prudhoe, &c.
FUNERAL OF LORD GLENLEE.-The funeral obsequies
of the late venerable Sir William Miller, Bart., of Glenlee,
took place on Tuesday. From the universal esteem in which
his Lordship was held by the surrounding gentry, and the
paternal and friendly character which he ever sustained
towards his tenantry, the attendance was vast, all anxious
to bestow the last melancholy tribute of respect on one who
had so endeared himself while living. The procession
started from Barakimming house at two o'clock P.M. The
cavalcade, extending to about a quarter of a mile, proceeded
by the direct road to Stair Churchyard, a distance of three miles. At every tarn of the way it was joined by crowds of
eager spectators, who, before reaching the burying-ground,
had accumulated to a vast concourse. On arriving at the
churchyard gate the hearse and two carriages drove into a
wide avenue leading from the road, while the undertaker, to
preserve order, caused the remainder of the carriages to pass
on, the occupants alighting from them as they approached
the gate. Those who had left the carriages then joined with
the crowd on foot, and formed two lines from this point to the
vault, between which the coffin, followed by the relatives,
was borne on the shoulders of the ushers to its resting-place.
The pall-bearers were—head cord, John Miller, Esq., his
Lordship's son ; foot cord, Sir William Miller, his Lordship's
grandson ; right shoulder cord, Captain Miller, brother to Sir
William; left shoulder cord, Mr. James Miller, jun.; right
centre cord, Mr. Hamilton, Glasgow; left centre cord,-Rey.
Mr. Rorrison ; right third cord, a relative; left third cord,
Dr. Monolson. The coffin was deposited, by the pall.
bearers, in a niche in the vault. After the dinner about 200
poor people were liberally served at the house. His Lord-
ship is succeeded in his title and estates by his grandson,
now Sir William Miller. Bart., of Glenlee.—Ayr Advertiser.
INTOLERANCE IN THE AMERICAN ARMY. —The army
of the United States, under the command of General Taylor in Texas
amounts to nearly 7,000 men, and or this number 4,000 are Romer*
Catholic.. iVhen men are in daily expectation of taking the Relit
against an enemy, and exposing their lives to the danger of death, it
may be naturally supposed that intolerance, however savage at other
times, would then reient and respect the conscientious feelings of
fellow-creatures placed ins situation so Impressive. Such has not
been the fact in Texas, for the Catholics In the army in that new
state, in disregard of constitutional rights, and in defiance of their
unanimous protestation, have been force
II to
attend
do know
timepreathcheigof
a Presbyterian clergyman on Sundo-s t They uh
sum-
mary method of treating a soldier charged with a violation of orders
will he able to appreciate the hardship to which the Catholic soldiers
are exposed by officers sworn to maintain a constitution which pro-
fesses to respect the conscientious scruples of its citizens. Even in
the English army such tyranny as this is unknown. At Übe very
thee that this contempt for the rights ef the Catholic soldier is so
boldly avowed in Texas, General Taylor publishes an address to the
army, in which he particularly Impresses on his soldiers to avoid the
slightest disrespect to the person, the property, or religion of,the
Mexican people ! At the very time he is forcing the Catholic soldier
to act in violation of his cotscienee, he affects to be particularly re-
spectful to the Catholic Mexican !__CalhOlie Telegraph (Cineinnatti).
GLASGOW.—Last night a serious riot took place in the
lower part of high-street, Trongate, and the Gallowgate, originating
it is understood, in the disorderly conduct of a number of soldiers be-
longing to the regiment recently arrived in the city. In the course
01 a few minutes a great many were engaged in it actively, -and
thousands in a very excited state were adding to the crowd. liar.
cameron, Lieutenant, who has charge of the police farce ill
a
in the.t
s
fence of the superintendent in London, proccedetyseeadtene
head of a strong body of men, and fortunately nc
the riot, whicßhad assuredly presented for atline a most alarmingaspect. Some of the officers of police and many other persons a deal
hurt. Five of the soldiers were apprehended.—Glaspog• Herald Of
Monday,