The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,

now is not one farthing more from the funds of the
Corporation, but simply the means of obtaining sup-
plies from those willing to contribute them. True it
is that the Poles have been here for many years, and
it is often said that they ought by this time to be able
to provide for themselves ; and so a great many have
provided themselves either here or by removing else-
where, and hence it is that their number has within a
certain period been reduced by one-half. But there
are others who have not been so fortunate. Foreigners
in this country always find a great difficulty in procur-
ing employment, and particularly those not bred to any
particular trade or calling ; they are also without the
resources which almost all the people havemore or
less in their own country, that of re.atives in some
degree better off than themselves to afford them tem-
porary aid of some kind ; and if it be difficult for
them to find work at all times, it is doubly so in
periods of general distress. Those who once em-
ployed them, perhaps cannot, from a change in their
own circumstances, continue to do so. Thus many
Poles who once could get a living here, now cannot,
and they feel the hardness of the times to the
full as much as our own people. Then it is asked,
and sometimes in a tone of indignation, why do they
not return to their own country ? If, indeed, they
could do so, and they only remained here from
choice, they would have little claim to our assistance.
But the simple answer to the question " Why do they
not go to Poland ?" is,—" they cannot." People
suppose that, like Italians, Spaniards, or Germans,
there is nothing to hinder their return, but that is a
complete mistake. Poland being divided between
Prussia, Austria, and Russia, those who belong to
that part under Prussia have been at liberty to re-
turn any time since the accession of the present
King, and they have all long been gone ; those be-
longing to that part under Austria have, since the
new state of things in Germany, been at liberty to
go to their homes, and have also gone ; but
those belonging to that part under Russia, who are
by far the most numerous, can no more return now
than they could the year after the Polish revolution.
They would be refused passports ; and if they were
to attempt to find their way into the country, they
would at once be seized, and a dungeon or Siberia
would be their fate. In the course of last month I
attempted to transmit, through the intervention of a
British firm, and the British consul in a Russian
port, a letter from a refugee to his brother in Poland.
The letter was open, and I was furnished with a
translation. It related entirely to private and pecu-
niary affairs, yet such is the suspicion with which
every person residing in the Russian dominions is
viewed, who is supposed to have anything
to do with a refugee, that neither the Consul nor the
firm dared to transmit the letter, and it was accord-
ingly sent back to me. It is not many months sinew
a young refugee, known to me, impelled by a sort of
irresistible desire to revisit his native land, determined,
at all hazards, to make the attempt ; but he had
scarcely crossed the frontier, when he was taken sad
...L-hung. The Poles, therefore, who are here do
not reside here, as some seem to suppose, be-
cause they find it an eligible country, but
because they cannot do otherwise ; for, let
it be recollected, Prussia and Austria, while they admit
Poles who belong to that part of Poland, which is
subject to them, do not admit Poles belonging
to that part subject to Russia. France supports
a large number of Poles ; but, not choosing to
augment the number, does not admit Poles
coming from England ; and some who have this
summer attempted to go there have been sent back.
Shall we then not assist those foreigners, thus
compelled to remain among us, to a bit of bread ?
Shall we not care for them in their nakedness, their
infirmity, their sickness, their old age ? It is for
men in such condition that our exertions are made,
that our funds are expended, and not for the encou-_
ragement of revolution or disorder. Some are in-
disposed to assist the Poles on account of their
conduct on the continent. Those who allege such
a reason are bound, I think, to state what they be-
lieve the Poles to have done wrong; else they
will be open to the charge of vague prejudice.
I do not mean to say that every Pole is immaculate.
But I really do not know that anything can be laid
to their charge as a body. They have bees grossly
calumniated with regard to their conduct in Prussia;
but I believe that the press of this country, which,
last summer, repeated stories about them, in-
vented by their German enemies, was grossly
deceived on the subject ; and all those
who have taken pains to inquire into the
matter are now convinced that they were guiltless of
the atrocities laid to their charge, and, at all events,
much more sinned against than sinning. I know
that they are considered by many as turbulent, un-
quiet spirits. For my part, I own, I think it is sur-
prising they are not much more so. If you maltreat
people, enslave, oppress, and studiously demoralize
them, deprive them of their country, persecute their
religion, proscribe their language, and take
from them every motive and incitement to be good
citizens, or suffer those things to be done, you
must not be surprised if those people are restless, un-
quiet, disaffected, and reckless ; if they are filled
with resentment, and ready for any change. Suppose
that such a thing were to happen as that this country
were to be partitioned by foreigners, and that we were
compelled to pay taxes to them, to see their language
used in courts and public places, and to go to mass
instead of to our own service. I have a strong
suspicion that we should be ready for any
alternative, however desperate, that should
give us but a chance of escape from such a state of
things, and that we should care mighty little what
foreign countries were inconvenienced or endan-
gered in our attempt to recover our rights. If that
be so, we ought to look at least with compassion on
the Poles, even when hurried into undertakings which
we may disapprove or condemn. At any rate we ought
not to withhold sympathy from the many for the
faults of the few, or punish the unoffending for the
misdeeds of the guilty. Shall I suffer because
Smith O'Brien is guilty of high treason ? Shall
the Poles in England, whose conduct has been
exemplary, be denied assistance because some
other Poles in some other place are alleged
to have done something worthy of reprobation ? The
answer is obvious. The Court of Common Council
have given it in granting the hall. You, gentlemen,
whom I have the honour to address, have given it in
offering here your services as a committee. The
public will give it in crowding to Guildhall, and
crowning our ball with that success which has never
failed to attend it.—(Loud cheers.)
The committee, after trarracting some routine
business, adjourned till Tuesday next.

[ADYERTISEMENT.] —The most obstinate Bowel
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Similar testimonies have been borne by hundreds. See
that John Kaye's coat of army, and a facsimile of hi;
signature, are printed on the directions for use wrapped
round each box. Price Is. lid., 2s. 91, and 4s. 6d. per
box; to be had of all respectable Chemists and Medicine
Venders.

FOREIGN GRAIN.—The following very numerous
arrivals of grain and flour took place at this metropolis
on Monday from the ports of France and Belgium :
The vessel Jane, from Dunkirk, brought 315 quarters
of wheat and 24 bags of flour; the James Watt, from
Havre, 100 bales of seed; the Isabella, from St. Val,'ry,
670 quarters of wheat; the Pirate, from Dunkirk, 427
quarters of wheat; the Soho, from Antwerp, 312 bags
of wheat; the Ouse, from Dunkirk, 630 sacks of flour;
the Thomas and Mary, from Rouen, 1,025 sacks of flour,
319 sacks of Indian corn, and 50 quarters of wheat; the
Adele from Rouen, 800 quarters of rye and 175 sacks of
flour; the Sr. _Pierre Justine, from Rouen, 625 sacks of
flour; the Eliza, from Dunkirk, 410 sacks of flour ;
the Jeune, Emilie, from Ea, 1,111 hectolitres
of rye and 125 hectolitres of barley;-and the Midge, from
Rouen, 830 bags of flour, 100 bags of tares, and GO
quarters of barley. The following numerous arrivals
from the same countries took place here in the course of
the previous four or five days :—The Friends from Ant-
werp brought 1,348 hectolitres of wheat; the Commerce
de Gand from Ghent, 130 quarters of wheat, 15 pack-
ages of vetches, and 300 bags of flour; the Director,
from Antwerp, 473 quarters of wheat; the John and
Ann, from Ghent, 111 quarters of wheat, 153 quarters
of oats, and 300 sacks of flour; the Columbine, from
Havre, 204 sacks of flour; the Jays, from Antwerp, 664
quarters of wheat; the Concord, from Antwerp, 476
quarters of wheat; the Elizabeth, from Abbeville, 604
quarters of oats; the Prosperity, from Antwerp, 441
quarters of wheat; the Alert, from Dunkirk, 672 quar-
ters of wheat; the Henry, from Dunkirk; 10 barrels of
farina; the Alarm, from Abbeville 400 quarters of
wheat and 55 bags of flour; the Jules ex Lelia, from
Dunkirk, 478 sacks of flour; the Felicity, from Dun-
kirk, 643 barrels of flour; the Providence, from Dun-
kirk, 613 barrels of flour and 100 barrels of potato flair;
the Soho, from Antwerp, 30 sacks of flour and 52 of
seed; the Marie, from Dunkirk, 260 sacks of flour; the
Sisters, from Dunkirk, 575 barrels of flour and 35
quarters of Indian corn; the James Watt, from Havre,
203 sacks of flour; the Elizabeth and Mary, from Dun-
kirk, 675 bags of flour; and the Elizabeth, from Dun-
kirk, 496 quarters of wheat.

RUINS OF ININEVEIL—We afterwards went to visit
the ruins of Ninevrh, and when beholding the large
heaps of earth that cover the ruins of this mighty
city, I could not but think on the striking fulfilment
of prophecy respecting that city. Before my visit to
this place, I read through the Book of Nahum, and
up )n inspecting some of the recent excavations, made
under the superintendence of Mr. Ross, I found some
parts of Nahun's prophecy most minutely accomplished.
" There shall the fire devour thee," says the prophet ;
and from what I saw, there is no doubt that part of the
city has been consumed by fire, and the gentleman al-
lud,,d to also regrets that many of the sculptures have
be n destroyed and altogether effaced by fire.—Jewish
Chronicle.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.
OLD COURT.
THE CHARTIST TRIALS.
(The trial of Mullins, continued from our Afternoon
Edition of yesterday.)
Inspector Russell, and several other policemen, proved
finding in different places where some of the prisoners
who were tried and convicted last session resided, a
quantity of pikes, pistols, gunpowder, and balls.
The Court here adjourned for half an hour.
Thomas Barry, a shoemaker, of Lisson-grove, was
one of the members of the Chartist Association in
August last. Had seen the prisoner Mullins at several
meetings, and heard him address them. On one
occasion he said it was necessary for every one
to prepare for the crisis that was coming,
i and t was also necessary for every one to make a small
sacrafice to aid the Committee of Progress in their un-
dertaking. On the 16th of August recollected Mullins
coming into a meeting that was held in witness's
locality, when a man of the name of Smith
tapped him on the shoulder, and said, I was afraid
you was tuken; to which Mullins replied, " No, they
will only take me with my life." A man of the name
of Cruikshanks followed Mullins into the room, and laid
a musket on the table; there were several guns and
pistols in the room. Smith said that they must
prepare to go to the Seven Dials. A. question was
asked how they were to take their arms, which were
called toothpicks, to which a reply was made, "in the
best way they could." Witness then went to Crown-
street, Soho, where ho saw many persons he had seen
at the meeting.
Cross-examined by Mr. PARRY—Did not join the
Chartists to betray them. Had had it. a week since he
had been unable to work at his trade. Had been in pri-
son for the unlawful possession of a pint pot. Had
also been in prison about four years ago for
taking some bread out of a baker's cart for
a drunken spree. He had four months' imprisonment
for it, as his companions ran away. He was living at
Willesden at that time. Had never been found in a
wine-cellar at Willesden. When he was an apprentice,
about nine years ago, he had been sentenced to a month's
imprisonment for trespassing after game. Knew a man
of the name of Russell, but had never been charged by
him with stealing a cape.
John Baldwinson, tailor, of Webber-street, Blackfriars-
road, proved that he was a class leader of the Chartists
meeting at the South London Chartist Hall, and that
on the day Ernest Jones was tried he was at the George
public-house in the Old Bailey, in company with the
prisoner Mullins and others, when it was agreed that a
meeting should be held of secretaries and delegates.
Witness was not allowed to sit with them, as ho was
neither a secretary or a delegate. The prisoner Mullins
wrote something on separate slips of paper, which
he handed to each of them, and one to Pedley, who
was then elected a delegate to the secret com-__
mittee in Milton-street, On the following Wed-
nesday, the 12th of August, witness went with
Pedley and Mullins to Milton-street, and in going
there the prisoner took them through some courts and
alleys, which he pointed out as good places from which
to fire upon the military and police. The prisoner re-
marked that if the alleys had not thoroughfares, they
would not do. The Is itness detailed further proceed-
ings of the Chartist body up to the 15th August, and
proved that he gave information to the police on the
16th of August, after he and the others had been taken
into custody at the Angel public. house.
Cross-examined by Mr. PARRY—Did not intend to
have given up the men at the time he acted with them.
Had a pike and a pistol, both of which he bought for
himself in the month of June.

Henry Jones, a police-constable, proved that at four
o'clock on the morning of the 17th of August, he found
a basket containing 280 rounds of perfect ball-cartridges,
and 50 imperfect ones, in Clerkenwell Church-yard.
After the examination of Inspector Black, and several
other members of the Metropolitan Police, who gave the
same evidence they did on the trials of Dowling and
Cuffey, and the others tried at the last session, several
chemical gentlemen were called, who proved that the dif-
ferent balls and articles found in the houses of the pri-
soners who were tried last session were of a most dan-
gerous and combustible character..
Sergeant Thompson stated that he apprehended the
prisoner on, the 18th of September last at No. 4,
Tatham's-court, John-street, East-street, Old Kent-road.
The prisoner came down stairs dressed in female clothes,
and witness thought he was a female, till the prisoner
held up his finger and said " I surrender."
This closed the case for the prosecution.
Mr. PARRY then addressed the jury for the prisoner,
and, after some preliminary observations, he said he
must admit that the case for the prosecution had been
most fairly conducted by:the Attorney-General, and if any
man had ever had a fair trial the prisoner at the bar had
certainly had had that fair trial. While admitting this,
however, he expressed his opinion that, if the jury came
into the box without being prejudiced by what had
already taken place, or by the circumstances of the
country, or the comments of the public press, they must
acquit the prisoner, upon the ground that the charge was
not proved against him by fair, proper, and legal evi-
dence. He would not say a word regarding the altera-
tion of the law, which declared this offence—which, cer-
tainly, substantially amounted to the crime of high
treason—only to be an ordinary felony. It was
the law, and it was his duty as an advocate,
and it was their duty, and the duty of them all,
to obey it ; but he would repeat that if this case was
treated as an ordinary case of felony, the prisoner
must be acquitted upon the evidence that had
been adduced. It was perfectly clear that the evidence
was not of a character to demand any favourable consi-
deration. The Attorneys General, in the performance of
the high duty cast upon him, could only make use of the
materials within his power to support the charge he
sought to make out, and he had no alternative; and he
must say that the evidence which had been brought for-
ward on this occasion was as tainted as any that had
ever been adduced upon a State trial. The jury would
remember that ho had cross-examined the witnesses
Powell and Davis at considerable length, and that his
Lordship had expressed an opinion that the facts which
he had endeavoured to establish were not material, and
that it was an unnecessary waste of time. That this
inquiry had occupied a very considerable time, and had
cast onerous duties upon their Lordships and all who
were concerned in it, he would admit, and he regretted
it, but it was no fault of his; it was a most important
and solemn inquiry, requiring serious and deliberate
consideration, and with all respect for the judicial
character of his Lordship he could not help feeling that
in the course he had pursued he had only performed his
duty. They were aware that a great many unfortunate
persons had already been convicted of taking a share in
this transaction, and he could not help entertaining an
opinion that many of these men ought more to be re-
garded in the light of victims than criminals, and if this
were the case surely it was most important to show the
jury that these men, Powell and Davis, were goading on
men to their destruction for the purpose of earning their
wages —their blood money from the Government, and
that their evident object was to increase their title to that
' blood money by increasing the number of their victims.
With all due deference, therefore, to the Bench, he must
repeat his opinion that the course he adopted was not
only not irrelevant, but t!sat it was perfectly relevant,
and german to the question at issue, and that he should
have neglected his duty if he had not adopted the course
he did. The Learned Counsel then proceeded to com-
ment upon the course adopted by the Government
in employing such men as Powell and Davis, and
giving them the opportunity of going among people who
entertained perhaps extreme political opinions, and goad
them on to commit the crime which the Government
was anxious to punish. The prisoner, he said, had been
introduced to them by the Attorney-General as a sur-
geon, a man holding a responsible position, and this was
made an aggravation of his guilt; but
ywhat.ht
Withwe
roe f):.
reraeaesgr
tsathrhi
dse
fact? He should show them that the prisoner was
oft
tamogeperi
et
al yonfdaa
jg. suugs rrtga
eve
nao
ttni
on
ni
na
cpuor
upe
ion; i cme,a no hn
hardlyul)e-
apply.dt,wae rn,
dt
to the conspiracy, he considered he should be insulting
their understandings if he were to attempt to deny that
such a conspiracy as had been suggested really existed;
but the question which the jury had to decide was,'
whether the prisoner had taken a guilty share in that
conspiracy, and whether the evidence which had been
adduced made out that fact to their satisfaction. He sub-
mitted to them that the charge rested entirely upon the
evidence of the infamous accomplices who had been ex•
amined, and although several of such persons had been
examined to prove this fact, the jury ought not to rely
upon such testimony unless it was corroborated by in-
dependent and uncontaminated evidence. In this case
he contended that there was no such corroboration, and
that the only attempt at it which had been given was
the production of the letter to Davis and the plan of the
Seven Dials, about which he would offer a few observa-
tions in the course of his address. He then referred to
observations made by Mr. Baron Alderson, Mr. Justice
Littledale, and Lord Abinger, to the effect that the cor-
roboration given by accomplices to each other ought not
to have any weight with a jury, and that they should
only give effect to such testimony when it received
corroboration in some material and essential particu-
lar by unimpeachable testimony. The only corrobo-
ration of this kind was the letter and the plan to
which he had alluded ; but he asked them
whether they could rely on the proof of the hand-
ritevanihdiesnnceamoef
unaeemr
Ifw thhois hhaadd
boenelyn
a
mo-
ment think of convicting the prisoner upon such swe
cre hintai tnrbggeepourfpi soonbeforgery, h
he asked them e
rn would they for a
evi-
dence ? He therefore called upon them, not to place
reliance upon this testimony, and said:—Thus, then, tl_e
saulbt omgiet
ttehde rt
huantctohre-
wadhdie,hbwyeuthlde
dictates
w
prisoner,
of both o h
common by
er
ov ibdoerbaet ee of
an, Ide, at
el
m beingp leetsh bc
ua
Isde , he be
ee
direct them not to place reliance upon such tainted testi-
tbseenslaewandapbdrOpbere feweoliunlgd,
Counsel then went on at some length to comment upon
raptly, would be entitled to an acquittal. The Learned
the absence of anything like direct or conclusive testi-
mony to connect the prisoner with the conspiracy, and
concluded a very able address by expressing a confident
opinion that the jury would acquit the prisoner.
At the conclusion of the speech fur the defence the
Court adjourned.

NE W COURT.
John II idland, 25, porter, was indicted for intermar-
rying with Caroline Amelia Bassett,
his wife, Lucy
(ireen, being then and now alive.
Mr. Darnel prosecuted, and Mr. Ballantine defended.
It appeared that the prisoner and his first wife had
been fellow-servants, and they were married in October,
1842, at Islington Church. tie being unable to provide
a home for her, they lived apart, but corresponded until
January in the present year; when, on the 17th of that
month, he was married to his second wife at St. Mary's,
Mortlake, Surrey.
The jury found the prisoner Guilty, and he was sen-
tenced to three months' imprisonment.
John Hayes, 19, tailor, was indicted for stealing a
handkerchief from the person of Richard Parlor.