The Sun.
London, England, 1848-10-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, -SATURDAY ier. v E TriG, OCTOBER 149 4.

others of a different character, such as counterfeiting
the great seal, counterfeiting the King's coin, bring-
ing counterfeit coin into the realm, &c. Such as
they were, however, they were clearly and une ui-
vocally explained, so that no danger was incurred
of persons unwittingly committing this great
offence, and sustaining the horrible penalties
to which traitors were then subjected. Gradually,
however, considerable inroads were made by
minor statutes and by the dicta of corrupt judges,
wholly dependent on the Crown and the verdicts of
timid or prejudiced juries, so that the law being
again rendered indefinite, it became necessary to have
a new enactment declaratory of its -actual state.
This was passed in the reign of Queen MART,
which revived and re- e6tablished the Act of
EDWARD 111., as the sole law in cases of treason.
Various Acts were subsequently passed from time to
time, but it was at all times felt to be
essential to fence the subject with peculiar
safeguards against any extraordinary extension of the
power of the Crown, and thus, although the crime of
treason was regarded as the weightiest known to the
law, and subjected to more stringent penalties than
any other offence, extraordinary privileges were
given to those accused, and additional facilities for
conducting their defence. It was felt that a simple
man might be crushed by the power of the Crown
when its influence was cast into the balance against
him ; that the Sheriff (nominated by the Crown)
might be tampered with, to array a partial and
prejudiced jury; that spies and informers might
be bribed to give evidence implicating the accused,
which might carry no weight with it if close inquiries
were instituted into their past life and character.
It was accordingly provided that an attorney and
counsel, not exceeding two, should be assigned to
the prisoner for his defence, and that copies of the
indictment, of the jury panel, and a list of the wit-
nesses to be produced, should be delivered at the same
time, ten clear days before the trial (7 Anne,
c. 21), and the statute which conferred these
extraordinary privileges commenced by stating
" that it was just and reasonable that persons
accused should have an opportunity of making their
full defence." The English Parliament, in legislating
on an English statute, considered it to be essential
to a full defence that a copy of the jury
panel and a list of the witnesses to be pro-
duced should be delivered ten days before the
trial to parties accused of a violation thereof; while
in poor unhappy Ireland men are to be condemned
without obtaining that which in England was
their right, and every application even as
a matter of favour is refused, lest it might be
tortured into a precedent. If Ireland is entitled to
equal laws with England—if her children are not
to be sacrificed on the altar of political expe-
diency, this anomaly (if it really exists, and from
the decision of the Judges on the point, we are
bound to presume that such is the case, at least until
the question be brought before the supreme tribunal
of the country, the House of Lords)—would, what-
ever may be the result of the trial, afford an ample
and sufficient ground for claiming the exercise of the
highest attribute of the Crown, the extension of that
mercy which has justly been styled " its most glo-
rious prerogative."

The genius of Lord BROUGHAM, his capacious and
commanding intellect, the humanity of his heart, and
the patriotism of his aspirations, have not prevented
him from stumbling at intervals into some very extra-
ordinary blunders of judgment. In this manner, to
employ the exquisite expression of the philologist, he
seems to have " paid his tribute to our common na-
ture." He has thus proved himself to be akin to his
less gifted contemporaries by revealing the fact that
even his mind, with all its magnificent fruitfulness,
ripened by the lore of letters and philosophy, is in a
very striking manner characterised by its fallibility.
A new evidence of this fallibility of judgment has
been afforded by Lord BROUGHAM in several of
the arguments contained in his pamphlet on
the late " French Revolution," a pamphlet
which is just now on the eve of its publication.
One of these most erroneous arguments we feel our-
selves compelled, if only from the inborn instinct of
self-respect, to repel for its astonishing inaccuracy.
After commenting upon the countenance afforded to
the Republicans of February by certain portions of
the English press, and after observing that much of
the stability of French republicanism is owing to the
circumstance of those British journals having "joined
the cause of the revolution," the noble writer indi-
rectly charges those journals with propagating a
spirit of revolution among the people of these islands,
and with agitating the imaginations of the discon-
tented with principles subversive of all order and
right government. Now, as we ourselves were
about the foremost of the organs of public opinion
in Great Britain to "countenance" the Republicans
of February, and to "join the cause of the revolu-
tion," we are impelled at once to repudiate this
most fallacious inference ; and we call to witness
every one of the articles which have appeared in our
columns, since the installation of the Provisional Go-
vernment, to prove that our exertions have been un-
remittingly directed to the maintenance of tran-
quillity in the United Kingdom, and to the con-
tinuance of that ardent loyalty which is the ligature
round the constitutional fasces. Our commentaries
upon the mob-disturbances, which have produced so
much anxiety to the Cabinet, the rabble demonstra-
tions on Bishop Bonners'-fields, and on Boulagh
Common, were alike animated by a spirit of
hostility to the promoters of physical-force Chartism,
and of an organized rebellion in Ireland. We not
only contemned the miserable conspiracies of Seven
Dials, and the insane " skrimmage" at Ballingarry,
but we appealed day after day to those feelings
which are so deeply rooted in the hearts of English-
men—to those feelings of reverence, and gratitude,
and love, and devotion towards the institutions of the
land, which have been hallowed by the obedience of
generations, which have been sanctified by the blood
of martyred patriots, which have sprung from the
wisdom of all the statesmen of Britain from ALFRED
to BACON and from BACON to BROUGHAM. Without
arrogating exclusively to the Press of England one iota
of that loyalty which we believe to be innate in the
heart's pulse of our countrymen, we do yet aver it as
our deliberate opinion that to the press was immediately
and directly attributable that noble demonstration of
the 10th of April, which was a death-blow to the
hopes of the Propagandists, and which proclaimed in
such glorious terms to the whole world the solidity,
the grandeur, and the vastness of our great poli-
tical fabric. Among that Press which evoked
the memorable demonstration of April, we claim for
ourselves a position ; and, in the name of that Press,
we at once repudiate the accusation that we
have been, in any respect whatever, the promoters of
sedition or the aspirants for revolution.

But Lord BROUGHAM does not, unfortunately, re-
strict himself to this insinuation against the Press of
his country, he endeavours to depreciate the impor-
tance of the fourth estate—forgetful that he himself
was in the first instance enabled to display his re-
splendent powers through the medium of the Press,
and that not only through the quarterly publication
but also through the columns of the daily newspapers.
In this very month of October, when the
pamphlet appears in which Lord BROUGHAM
derides the journalists as " newsmongers
and dealers in daily papers," the Edinburgh Review
recals to mind the famous saying of ARCHIMEDES,
and observes, that had the Syracusean philosopher
lived in these days he would infallibly have chosen as
the spot upon which to fix his lever for the purpose
of moving the world—the Press. Nor, indeed, does
it require much exercitation of logic to show that
the Press is in truth the iron o-rw of the triple orb
of morality, society, and politics.
But the indignation with which the genius of Lord
BROUGHAM seems to regard the enormous authority
of the journalist becomes the more conspicuous, when
he refers to the election of the:Provisional Government,
and to the obscure men who were then suddenly elevated,
According to Lord BROUGHAM every member of the
Provisional Government, " with the single exception
of his illustrious friend M. ARAGO, were either
wholly unknown before in any way, even to their
very names and existence, or were known as authors
of no great fame, or were known as of so indifferent
reputation, that they had better not have been known
at all I ! " We wonder under which category is to
be placed the name of ARMAND MARRAST, whose
witty articles in the National had, long before
February, gained him a very brilliant repute as a po.

litician and a writer. We wond'r under which
category is to be placed the name of DUPONT
(de l'Eure), whose probity was as generally appre-
ciated as it had become venerable. We wonder
under which category is to be placed the name of
ALPHONSE DE LAMARTINE, whose celebrity as a
poet was to France what the fame of BYRON was to
England, and of whom it can be said as little as it
can be said of Lord BROUGHAM himself, that "his
name and his very existence were unknown until Fe-
bruary ; or that he was known as an author of no
great fame, or that he was known as of so indifferent
reputation that he had better not have been
known at all !" Surely Lord BROUGHAM must
be the first to laugh at the ridiculous
blunder of the compositor in having printed the ex-
pression, that all the members of the Provisional
Government ,were wholly obscure, " with the single
exception :cf M. ARAGO !" It is as preposterous as
though some French pamphleteer were to remark
that among the living ex-Chancellors of England
Lord LYNDHURST was the only man with intellect or
celebrity. But the truth is, MARRAST is a journalist,
and LAMARTINE is a journalist, and LEDRU ROLLIN
is a journalist, and Louis I3LANc is a journalist, and
almost every one of the members or Ministers of the
Provisional Government are journalists, and jour-
nalists are " newsmongers and dealers in daily papers."
Such is the tendency of the remarkable pamphlet
which has just emanated from the brilliant genius but
fallible judgment of HENRY Lord BROUGHAM.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of yesterday.
The Moniteur has the following announcement :

" Several journals often pretend to a knowledge of
what passes at the Council of Ministers. Almost all
their assertions are erroneous. The Patric announces
last evening that the Council of Ministers had decided
that Government would support the amendment which
proposed to postpone the nomination of President until
after the vote of the organic laws. The Government, on
the contrary, is convinced that the continuance of a pro-
♦isional state of affairs is most disastrous to the business
of the country. The country wants a regular Govern-
ment, it requires it immediately, and so soon as the
National Assembly shall have proclaimed the principle
of election of the President of the Republic the Govern-
ment will ask it to fix an early day for the election.
" I n the opinion of the members of the Government it
would be an act of bad citizenship to retain power a
single day beyond what should be required by the
strictest necessity."
Prince Louis NAPOLEON has addressed a letter to
the National Assembly, in which he declares that,
having been elected for five departments, he chooses
to sit for Paris, the place of his birth. There will,
therefore, be new elections for the departments cf
La Moselle, Yonne, Charente Inferieure, and Corsica.
M. BISSETTE, the newly elected representative for
Martinique, has addressed the following letter to the
President of the National Assembly :
" Monsieur le President,—l have to request you to
inform the National Assembly that I send in my resig-
nation as representative fur Martinique. Protests, on
the score of violence and fraud against the validity of
the elections which have taken place i❑ that colony, as
well as at Guadeloupe, will be subjected to the apprecia-
tion of the Assembly. Whatever may be its judgment
on the matter, I consider it due to myself, in presence
of the complaints made, to appeal directly to the elec-
tors. (Signed) " BISSETTE.
_

" Paris, Oct. 4."
The discussion on the article of the Constitution
regulating the election of President commenced on
Thursday. N. FELIX PYAT, who opened the debate,
proposed that the Assembly should itself be the chief
Executive Power in the State, and that the President
should be merely a President of the Council of Mi-
nister, nominated by the Assembly :
"M. de Tocqueville spoke at considerable length
against the contemplated project of allowing the As-
sembly to nominate the President. While he admitted
that there were peculiar circumstances that seemed to
justify that course for the present, yet he thought the
Assembly itself possessed strictly limited rights, and
could not on any pretext interfere with the universal
voice of the reople, alone competent to elect the Presi-
dent. He declared that the feeling of the country was
decidedly opposed to the Assembly assuming any inter-
ference in the matter. It would deprive the Republic
of strength if its head was ❑ot appointed by the people
at large. He knew the motive that actuated those
who suggested a contrary course. They appre-
hended that a name would be returned which
would be hostile to the Republic, but by the plan
now suggested a doubt would bo excited as
to the stability of the Republic, which would be
much more dangerous. It was the existence of
such a doubt that had already wrought so much
suffering and caused manufactures to be suspended,
public works to be neglected, and commerce to die
away. The Assembly, although invested with extra-
ordinary power, was not omnipotent, and could not
assume to itself a sort of right divine with regard to
the election of President. The Assembly was nothing
except as it derived authority from the people, and
under a Republic the people should be all in all. To
the people alone could the election of President be attri-
buted. In the course of his speech he adverted to the
views of those who, like M. rya% loved to return to
the times of the Convention, which caused so much ap-
prehension by exciting reminiscences of the reign of
terror. But civilization had advanced too vrell to allow
of the repetition of such sccneF-, and he felt no alarm
on that account. He condemned strongly the mani-
festations that had been made in different parts of the
country, but he said that the way to put down these
proceedings was not by such excessive precautions as
tended to deprive the people of their just and undoubted
rights."

M. PAIUREU replied to M. DE TOCQUEVILLE, and he
was followed by M. FRESNEAU, a young Member of
the party of M. TRIERS, from whom much was ex-
pected. M. FRESNEAU, however, broke down com-
pletely, and descended from the tribune amidst the
loud laughter of the Assembly ; after which the de-
bate was adjourned.

The Moniteur du Soir contains the following offi-
cial announcement of the restoration of tranquillity
at Lyons :

"Private accounts state that on the occasion of the
settlement of their pay, the Garde Mobile of Lyons,
which had just been dissolved, revolted, and invaded
the Prefecture of the Rhone. The fact in itself is true;
but it is proper to add that the National Guards and the
troops of the line marched to the Prefecture, that they
got the better of the inieute, and that this affair has
only served to prove the good spirit which animates the
working population of that great city. At the present
moment all has returned to the most perfect order."
It also publishes the following official contradiction
of the statement of the Presse, that Austria had re-
jected the mediation of England and France in the
affairs of Italy. It says—
" The Press. has mado itself the echo of a report
which, it says, circulates in some diplomatic saloons,
and according to which the mediation of France has
been rejected by Austria. The absurdity and improba-
bility of this rumour would suffice for a refutation; but
we are, besides, authorised to declare in the most formal
manner that these is not a word of truth either in the
fact itself or in the comments which the Prose has
added to it."

On this subject the Constitutionnel says—

" It is certain that negotiations are yet far from their
commencement. Austria proposed at first Innspruck as
the place for holding the conferences ; France having
through the medium of England indicated Geneva or
Bale as preferable. Austria replied by observing that
Switzerland being a focus of agitation, either Padua or
Verona would be preferable. Thus before the basis of
mediation has been at all mentioned, the place of meet-
ing has to be found. Although it is true that the media-
tion has not been rejected, yet neither has it made a
step in advance. Since Austria accepted the mediation
the Cabinet of Germany, whese sympathies are with
Austria, has proposed Munster—and thus the different
diplomatic engines for gaining time are at full work
while the mediation is at a stand still."

The Union, which is
.the organ of the Absolutist
party, and therefore good authority as to the inten-
tions of Austria, has the following :
" We learn that the English Ambassador has had a
long conference with General Cavaignac to-day, in
which the intentions of the Cabinet of London have
been explicitly stated.
We believe the result of this
communication to be that Great Britain is in accord with
the Cabinet of Vienna, and that the Italian question is
arranged in a manner which does not at all agree with
the engagements of General Cavaignac to the National
Assembly. France thus will in the Congress have only
one vote out of six."
The following, which we extract from the National,
is important, as showing the views of the Government
on the question of the election of President
" Admitting as we do the principle of election by uni-
versal suffrage, we come to the fact, and on this point we
shall be no less explicit. Precisely because the principle
of the sovereignty of the people is placed beyond contest,
it appears to us indisi ensable that the Assembly should
exercise the authority conferred upon it by its consti-
tuent mandat to regulate for the good of the State the
primary organization of the executive powers. Several
amendments have been pre,ented in this sense. The
Assembly will examine them, and will be in a situation
to adopt the one that off.rs best those guarantees of
which we feel the necessity. Iu fine here is the opinion
al which we have arrived after mature reflection—to in-
scribe in the constitution the principle of election of
President by direct universal suffrage, and for the pre-
sent, for the first nomination, to regulate the application
of this principle as may seem useful and necessary. We
hope that this opinion, which reconciles a double interest
equally valuable, will rally the majority:of the Assembly.
This means clearly that the first President ought to be
elected by the Assembly. But it now appears that the
Red Republicans, instead of joining with the Moderates
on this point, for the purpose of keeping out pretenders,

cle?.lare that they will have no President at all, and st 4k
to convert the Assembly into a chamber."

Admiral CASEY has been appointed to command at

Toulon.

M. LEDRU Roeetsi has brought an action for defa-
mation of character against several persons who
have been spreading reports charging him with
embezzlement of the public money while Mi-
nister of the Interior, with receiving bribes, and
with having liberated forcats. The defendants
are M. CAUCHY, a person employed in the Ad-
ministration de Forks, and chef de bataillion
the 2d legion of the National Guards of the
banlieue ; M. BiGeroN, sen., a literary man; 51,
BIGNON, jun., a horse dealer; M. GERIN, a retired
colonel of engineers; Xm PAULIN, colonel of engi-
neers; M. TRuesserr, an ex-commissary of police;
M. BASSET, formerly director of the Opera Comique;
and M. LAROCHE, principal clerk of an aroue. The
charges of defamation are as follow:—Against
BiGeort, senior and junior, GEBIN, and PAULIN, for
stating publicly that M. Lemtu-RoeuN had taken
14,0001. from the public treasury and invested t. .e
money in the English Three per Cents. ; against Al,
PAULIN, in addition, for having stated that the chef of
the gardes• chiourmes of Brest had twice received
orders from M. LEDRU-ROLLIN to set the most dan-
gerous forcats at liberty ; against M. TRUESSART, for
stating before the Committee of Inquiry of the
National Assembly that M. LEDRU-ROLLIN bad taken
100,000 f. of the public money to promote the in•
surrection of June; and against MM. BASSET and
LAROCHE, fur stating publicly that the nomination of
M. BASSET, as director of the Opera Comique, could
only be obtained by an engagement to pay a sum of
53,000 f. guaranteed by M. LEDRU-ROLLIN.
In the sitting of the National Assembly yesterday
the debate on the clauses of the Constitution regu-
lating the election of President of the Republic was
resumed, and an amendment IN as moved by M.
GaYEr, to the effect that the President should be
nominated by the Assembly, that he should be nomi-
nated for an indefinite period, and should be re-
vocable at the will of the Assembly. M. Juees DE
LASTEYRIE followed, and contended that the ballot
for the President ought not to be direct, but a deux
degres. After a short speech from M. LEBLOND, who
defended the election by the Assembly, M. DE LA
MARTINE ascended the tribune, and was addressing
the Rouse at the hour of post. _ .

Accounts from; the wine district state that many
of the proprietors have organized a simultaneous re-
sistance to the collection of the additional 45 cen-

times tax.

At Rouen the workmen in scme of the factories
have refused to work eleven hours a day, and several
of them have been arrested in consequence. Trade,
however, seems reviving in_ the district, and many
of the principal manufactories, which had been shut
up since the Revolution, have been re-opened.
The Finance Committee has rejected the proposition
for the creation of two thousand n illions of bons
hypothecaries.
BOURSE—PARIS, THITESDAY, OCT. 6.

THREE o'CLock.—The Funds were weak all this day;
they opened below the closing prices of yesterday, emu
gradually fell till the close. Tne Railways followed the
same course. The uncertain state of the Government,
the disturbances at Lyons and Rouen, the d►minution
20 mi►lious in the account current of the Treasury, and
the bad prospects for the winter, all contributed tuwart4
this result. The Rouen Railway shares we. e particular
sufferers: rumours connected with the money transac
dons of the company are said to have been the cause.
For the Account, the French Three per Cents. have
fallen 15c.; Five per Cents. have fallen 35c., and the
Loan 40c. For Money, the Three per Cents. have
fallen 5c.; Frye per Cents. have fallen 40c.; and the
Loan 45c.; Bonds du Ti ei.ur not quoted; Bunk of France
Shares are 20f: lower; Belgian Bank Shares not quoted;
Five per Cents. (ex. div.) arc at 77k; Spanish Active
not quoted; Three per Ceiste. have laden # per cent.;
Pass►ve nut quoted; Roman Dent is the same as yester-
day; Rothscuild's Receipts have risen 1 per cent. Ex..
change we London (30 days), 25 37i ; ditto (90 days),
25 20. Railway Shares for the Account, settling or
October 15—Rouen were done as low as 3861.25 c.; Mar-
seilles are at 1801.; liortherns have fallen 31. 75e.;
Strasburgs are the same as yesterday; the others nu►
quoted. Fur Money--V ersail►es (Lett Bank) have lalle►.
21. 50c.; Orleans, 31. 75c.; Rouens, 12t. 50c.; Marseilles,
5t.; Bates, 21. 50e.; and Bordeaux are quoted ex. die. of
11. 44c., at 3711. 25c.; Havres, Vierzuns, and Lyons are
unchanged.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT Tilt
LONDON _ STOCK-EXOHAN GE, Oar. 6.

Orleans and Bordeaux, a/4—Paris and Lyons, 4 %—llouen
and Havre, PA—Tours and Nantes, IA.

SPAIN.

Madrid Papers of the Ist October have arrived.

Letters from Barcelona state that the Carlist chief
CALETRUS had had an interview with General CoR
nova, to arrange the conditions for the submi:hion of
himself and his band to the QUEEN'S authority.
CALETAUS, it is said, has undertaken, in consideration
of the receipt of a large sum of money, to betray
CABRERA into the hands of CORDOVA.

NARVAEZ has, it seems, managed to get into
a quarrel w ith General SAUNDERS, the American
Minister. On the 30th September, at two'cluck, the
General's lady and two daughters had just seated
themselves in their carriage, which was standing be•
fore the embassy door, when a party of civic guards
approached, and prevented the coachman from
starting. Their leader then inquired which of the
embassy servants was FERNANDO. The individual in
question, who was no other than the footman, then
putting up the step, on hearing his own name from
the mouth of a policeman, who stood with a warrant
in his hand, made a precipitate retreat within the
portal of the embassy. Meantime the ladies, in con-
siderable alarm, alighted. The General was not at
home ; but it, was soon explained to his family that
about two years back FERNAND° had been drawn to
serve in the army, but had then procured a substitute .
which substitute having just been shot in Catalonia,
FERNANDO became liable to serve in his place. The
civic guard remained baulked of his prey in the
portal of the embassy till the General came in.
Meanwhile the ladies proceeded on foot through a
shower to the place of their engagement. When the
General entered he observed with considerable sur-
prise a large crowd of common people about his door,
with the three-cornered hats of the tall gensd'armes
in the midst. The chief policeman attempted to
explain his mission and show his warrant, where-
upon the General observed that he was not
in the habit of receiving messages from the Govern-
ment in that form, refused to look at his warrant,
and expressed his intention of extending the fullest
protection which the American flag could afford to
his servant; and upon intimation on the part of the
policeman, that the latter would be put to the dis-
agreeable necessity of entering the house in order to
seize the servant, admonished him of the responsibility
which he, his employers, and the Spanish Govern
ment, would incur by violating the domicile of the
Minister of the United States. General SAUNDERS
has addressed a most energetic note to the Spanish
Government, demanding immediate satisfaction for
this gross outrage, and unless he receives it, and also
the exemption of FERNANDO from military service,
he will immediately retire from Madrid. This
escapade of the police may possibly cost Spain the
Island of Cuba.

It is said that an insurrection is on the eve of
breaking out in the Basque provinces, which will be
supported by both Carlists and Progressistas, the fur-
mer under the command of General ELto, the latter
under that of General ISIARTE.

NEWMARKET RACES.—We perceive by the an-
nouncements of the Eastern Counties Railway Com-
pany, that very unusual facilities, both in the manner
and cheapnesss of travelling, will be provided
for the lovers of sporting to witness the spirited
exhibitions at Newmarket Races on Monday and
Tuesday next. Just fancy a trip to Newmarket
and back, by special trains, for six shillings and four
shillings !—a distance of one hundred and thirty
miles for. a few shillings ! to see the finest
racing in the world ! If this be not giving the
frequenters of the Second October Meeting a turn,
and that in good earnest, we shall be puzzled to find
its parallel in the annals of sporting for all
time to come. The directors of the Eastern
Counties have displayed their usual tact in thus
taking advantage of the fine weather by such
liberality, and, no doubt, sportsmen kill be too happy
to meet them half•way, by " taking time by the fore-
lock." They can never have a better chance !

AMERICAN TURTLES.--13y the Washington steamer
from New York a parcel of live turtles has been received
by Messrs. Keeling and Hunt, which is a novelimpor-
tation from that quarter, and has become subject to a
duty of 55. per cwt., being a distinction made by the new
tariff from turtles of British taking, which aro admitted
duty free.

GE ANY

AND
THE NORTHERN STATES.

AUSTRIA.

The intercepted letters of JELLACHICH clearly prove
that he has been acting entirely under the guidance
of the Camarilla of Vienna, that he has been in
constant communication with the Archduke FRANCIS
CHARLES, the Archduchess SOPHIA, and the Arch-
duke JOUN, and that the Croatians under his com-
mand are merely a body of mercenaries in the pay of
the Royal Family of Austria, and employed by them
tor the restoration of Absolutism throughout the
whole of the Austrian dominions by force. This
matter was alluded to in the discussion on the
Budget in the Austrian Diet, which took place
on the 29th ult. It appears from the statement of the
Minister of Finance, that the actual deficit exceeds
sixty millions of florins (182,000,300 f.), and for next
year a fresh deficit of sixty-one millions of florins is
reported. The budget was very warmly attacked by
E. SIEVKOWSKI, the Deputy for Galicia, that it wou!d
he absurd for the Diet to vote the budget of receipts
until it was in possession of that of the expenses.
tie also demanded with what money JELLACHICH
paid his army, by whom he was supplied with artil-
lery, whether it was from the resources of Croatia
which were legally collected by the Hungarian
Ministry ? If those expenses were paid from the
Central Austrian Treasury, the Diet should narrowly
examine into the affair before it voted the collection
of the taxes.

Letters from Vienna of the 30th ult. announce that
the budget of the empire will only be fixed for six
months, from the Ist of November. The Minister
of Foreign Affairs has declared that he will accept
the reduction of 700,000 florins, of which 300,000
florins is for the salaries of embassies, and the remain-
der in the secret service money. The posts of Minis-
ters Plenipotentiary are to be maintained, especially
all those at the German Courts. In the event of the
Diet making any objection, the Ministry proposes to
make a Cabinet question of the affair.
The Austrian Minister of 'War has forwarded a
circular to all the officers of the army, warning them
gainst indulging in any expressions hostile to the
constitutional institutions granted by his Imperial
MAJESTY to his people.

VIENNA, SEPT. 30.—We have received intelligence
to-day that the Hungarians have gained a decided
victory over JELLACIIICII.

Report says that the Minister of the Interior, Baron
DOBLHOFF, has tendered his resignation.
The sitting of the Assembly to-day was very short.
The Constitution Committee presented its sketch of
the fundamental law of the Austrian people. The
essential points are—

Abolition of nobility and noble prerogatives.
Abolition of the penalty of death.
Unconditional right of petition.
Popular assemblies, except in cases of apprehended
darger.
Separation of Church and State, &c.

war, and the maintenance of a large army and fleet,
expenses which the revenues of Venice could never
meet in the most prosperous times, it records with
pride that the Government has found sufficient credit
to raise a new loan at five per cent. to the amount of
three millions.

MO BEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
The Cotton Market at Liverpool this week has been
without material change. Sales yesterday, 4,000 bales
Railway Shares were less active and flat.
There was some addition made last week to the Active
Note circulation of the Bank of England, a withdrawal
of private deposits having afforded occasion for the same.
The Government balance did not increase so much as
could be desired. There is a difficulty, no doubt, in col-
lecting the taxes. The discount business of the corpo-
ration was but little augmented, and the bullion was

reduced:—
Notes issued 27,120,705
Decrease
Rest
Increase
Public Deposits 7,008,836
Increase
Other Deposits 8,146,311
Decrease
Seven Day and other Bills
Increase
Government Securities
Increase 86,250
Other Securities
Increase
Notes
Decrease
Bullion
Decrease
Active circulation
Increase

The depreciation in Railway Shares proceeds at such
a pace that a 10 per cent. return upon investments may
possibly, ere long, be regarded as an inadequate temp-
tation. Indeed, should the dividends improve upon some
of the lines, and there will be ample room when business
revives,purchases at the rates now current would almost
obtain that once considered visionary return. Take
Eastern Counties at 121, with 201. paid, and bearing in
mind that the last halt.year's dividend was at the rate
of 4 per cent. per annum, the return per cent. per annum
to a purchaser would be 61. 54. 6d. Great Western at
78, would yield nearly 7i; Brighton at 261. 41. 18s.;
South Western at 38k, 71. 16s. 4d.; North Western at
108 to 110, 6i; Midland at 81 to 82, about 71; North
British at 17, nearly 71; York and Berwick at 25 to 26,
about 7i; and South Eastern at 231, 9 per cent. One
might have thought that these rates would invite buyers
since the Brighton, at the last meeting, only declared
a dividend of 21. 125., the North British of 51.,
the Midland and South Western of 6/., and the
Great Western and North Western of 7 per
cent. per annum each. The South Eastern paid
2/. 2s. for the half-year on every 33/. 2s. 4d. paid up,
we will only at present further remark, that we feel it
a duty, whatever success may attend the effort, to en-
deavour at least by facts like these to stimulate inquiry
and reflection among parties having means but lacking
confidence, and not until that confidence is felt-and it
is in the power of railway boards by candour and good
management to induce it-can a healthier tone be hoped
for in the Railway Market.
The enterprise of the colonists in British North
America is destined ere long to produce very extraor-
dinary results, and we may expect England to be brought
into direct communication, by ocean and river, with the
" far west." Too much attention cannot be paid to the
efforts making on the St. Lawrence. It is stated in an
account before us that " the fine new propeller Western,
Miller, left on Wednesday last, at two o'clock in the
afternoon, having on board 6,000 bushels of new wheat
and 550 barrels of new wheat flour, for the port of
Montreal, direct without trans-shipment. This being
the first shipment of what may be termed the Fall
Work, naturally excited considerable interest ; and the
splendid appearance of the vessel, which has been com-
pletely overhauled and fitted with an upper deck, excited
the admiration of all who witnessed her departure. Our
readers are aware, from a former notice, that she is
fitted with submerged screw propelling wheels, and
as she moves without apparent smoke or steam,
without splash of the water, and being besides
fully rigged as a schooner, her appearance is quite dif-
ferent from any other vessel on the lake. Her last trip
to Montreal and back was accomplished in eight days
and six hours, including three days unloading and load-
ing in Montreal. Her average speed, when loaded, is
now proved to be over nine miles an hour in all weathers,
with 1,500 barrels on board she goes ten miles an hour.
The extraordinary dispatch which this class of vessels
afford to business can only be realized by the fact that
so certain are they in their movements, that with the
aid of the magnetic telegraph, the cargo can be sold,
and the remittance received, in three days from the time
of completing their loding in Toronto. This, consider-
ing the distance between Toronto and Montreal is 400
miles, should satisfy the most impatient speculator."
A good deal of silver has been shipped from London
this week.
The accounts from Brazil, by her Majesty's ship Sea-
gull, are given in detail In anothe column, for the letters
add nothing to our information.
The Enulish Funds have been rather heavy to-day,
Consols 86i to I, both for money and time. The mar-
ket is almost deserted, owing to the fine weather, and
besides being the Jewish Sabbath it is a strict holiday.
Exchequer-bills of June are 28s. to 31s. premium.
The Foreign Bonds are equally quiet. Portuguese
Four per Cents. 24k, and Brazilian old Stock 73 ex-
dividend. Mexican Bonds are 181 to 191. Belgian
Four-encl.:l-Half per Cents. are 71i, and Dutch Two-
and-a-Half per Cents. 451.
Railway Shares are still declining, and the market
wears a most gloomy aspect, owing to the forced sales.
BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
3 per Cent. Consols Anna 86% 4
Long Annuities, Exp. Jan. stb, 1860 -
Do. 30 Years, Expire Jan. 5, 1860 B%
India Stock 234
Consols for Account
Exchequer Bills. 2%d. 2d.
March. June.
1,000/. - 28 31 p
500/ 35 36 p 31 p
Small. 36p 36p
PRICE OF FOREIGN k UNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent
Mexican Bowls, 1846, 5 per Cent.. - 19% 183/4
Portuguese Bonds, 5 per Cent -
Ditto 4 per Cent. -
Ditto for tbe Account 24%
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Belgian 4% per Cent
Dutch 2% per Cent.,l2 Guild 45%
Ditto 4 Der Cent. Certificates -
Ditto for the Account 69 '-/. a d
BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'C,IAOCI
riAiLwATN. PAID. rEs sa.u.
kberdeen - ...... to -
inlber., Notting., Boston, &c. 44 - to -
kyrshire and Galloway - to -
Belfast and County Down .. 17% .. .. - -
Birmingham & Oxford June... 20 - to -,
Birmingham, Wol., & Dudley 10 ... . - to --
Binning., Wol., & Stour Val. 131.148.... - •.... to
Birkenhead. Lancashire, and
Cheshire Junction..
Boston, Stamf., & Birming... 5
...... to -
Bristol and Exeter - ..... to -
Do., Thirds
-
-
Buckinghamshire..
Caledonian -
Ditto, Half Shares -
Ditto, New 10/. Preference 2%
Ditto. Clydesdale Junction 50 l4 ...... to -
- - to -
Chester and Holyhead... ..... 47% ......
.... -
Ditto, Preference .......... 15 ••• •• to -
Clarence. .... ....... -
7814
to -
....... .. -
Do., Ist Class, 6 per Cent... 10 ...
- -
. ... to -
D0.,2d Class, 5 per Cent... 10
` Do., Gov. Loan, 4 per Cent. 10 ...... • - to -
Direct London & Portsmouth 514 - ...... to -
Dublin and Belfast Junction.. 30 - to -
-
to
Dundalk and Enniskillen ... 20 ... ... - ..
to -
East Anglia, 251. L. & E.,
awl L. & D ... 25 - to -
Ditto, 181., E. & II lB
Ditto, 31. 10s., E. & H... 3% - to •--
F.astern Counties -
Do. Now Guarant. 6 per Ct. 7% BIA to -
Do. Perpet.,s per ct. No. 1,6/. 13s. 4d... - -
Do., do N0.2,64 138.4 d... - ...... to -
Do., Northern & Eastern... 50 - to -
Do., 5 per cent. ... 50 -
Do., Quatter .... . ...... ...... 12%..... -
Do., New - to -
Eastern Union, Class A (late
E. U. Shares) ... .. 25
Ditto, ditto, Class A, ditto 1 • - -
Ditto, do, Class B (I. & B) 20 - to -
Ditto, do, Class C, ditto... 17% - to -
Ditto Scrip (gua. 6 per et.) 10 - -
Ditto, ditto ........ ......... 20 ...... - -
Ditto (C. & E.), 5 per ct. 2% - to -
F.ast Lancashire - -
Ditto, New .. 2l - .... to -
Do., New Quarters -
Do., 6 per Cent. Preference
Quarter Shares
Ea st Lincolnshire 23 --- - to -
Eth.nburgh and Glasgow 5O - to -
Di tto, Half Shares - -
Dit.to, Quarter Skares 12% - to -
Edinburgh and Northern ... 25 - ...... - -
Ditto, New ..... ... ..... ..-.. 64 - ...... to --
Ditto, iNew port.. ....... .... 13
Ditto,. ditto, New 334 - ...... to -
Exeter, Yeovil, & Dorchester 2% - ...... to -
Glasg.,. Dumfries, & Carlisle-81. 6..8d - .. ... to -
Glasgow, Kilmarnock, & Ayr 50 - ...... to -
Ditto, New - -
Do.Proference Consolidated 15 ..... - -
Great N ertkern ... 17
Do. %. A Deferred ..... ... 12% 2 ...... to 2%
Gt. South. & West. (Ireland) 42% 22 ..... to --
Great Ni.,rth of England 100 225 -
Ditto, Ae w 40/. 4O - ...... to --
Ditto, ditto
Ditto, New 30/ ... 30 ..... - -
Ditto, Naw 154... l4 ...... - . -
Great Western 9O -
Ditto, Half Shares 5O -
Ditto, Quarter Shares -
Ditto, Fifths 2O -
Do. New 171
Huddersfield and Manchester 23 .. - - to -
Ditto, Thirds... ... 9 - to -
Anil and Selby 5O
Ditto, Halt Shares .. ...... 25 - -
Ditto, Quarter Shares 12% - to -
La ncaster and Carlisle.... ... 50 -
Uo.,Thirds...... lO -
La ncashire and Yorkshire ... 93 ..... - -
ditto, ditto - to -
1...1iit0 Flalf Shares
Dit to Quarters - -
Ditio Fifths ... 9 -
Div..° Sixteenths ........... 614 - ... • to -
Dit.to Thirds (Reg.)
Do., New Guar. 6 per cent. 5