The Sun.
London, England, 1841-07-07 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, TUESDAY.—The Queen and Prince Albert
walked out this morning for some time in the newly-laid
out grounds of the Little Park. In the afternoon, at
five o'clock, her Majesty and the Queen of the Belgians,
took an airing in a pony carriage and four, attended by
the Dowager- Lady Lyttelton, Countess Vilain XIV.,
Hon. Matilda Paget, and Hon. Henrietta Anson, in
another open carriage and four, and the Earl of Fingall
and Colonel Buckley, in a third carriage. His Royal
Highness Prince Albert accompanied her Majesty on
horseback, attended by Colonel., Bouverie, Mr. George
E. Anson, and General Goblet.
The King of the Belgians and M. Van Paget are ex-
pected this evening from Claremont.
The Earl of Fingal has succeeded Lord Byron as the
Lord in Waiting on her Majesty, and Mr. Rich has suc-
ceeded Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Otway as the Groom
in Waiting. Lord Byron and sir R. Otway took their
departure this morning from the Castle.
The Earl of Morley is expected to arrive this evening
on a visit.
Her Royal Highness the PrinCess Royal was taken her
accustomed airing this afternoon.

His Majesty the King of. the telgians attended by M.
Van Praet, left his residence at Claremont yesterday, on
a visit to her Majesty at Windsor Castle.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge, ac-
companied by the Princesses Augusta and Mary of Cam-
bridge, and attended by Lady Augusta Somerset, left
town yesterday morning for her residence at Kew. The
Royal Duchess and the Princesses returned to Cam-
bridge House last evening.
The Duke of Cambridge visited the Duchess of Glou-
cester yesterday, at Gloucester House.
His Excellency Count Mandelsloh paid visits yester-
day to the Members of the Royal Family at their re-
spective residences.
The Earl of Morley left town yesterday on a visit to
her Majesty at Windsor Castle.
His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge,
K.G., did Mr. Hayter the honour to sit to him in full
uniform yesterday, for the completion of his Royal
Highness's portrait, in the picture• of her Majesty's
Marriage.

LITERATURE.

QUART B/Yur, REVIEW,innI
18N401; CXXX V.
The Quarterly Review is not in general re.
markable for the unreadable character of its Con.
tents, but this number is an exception, for any•
thing more dull or profit than the majority of
its articles we have not tnet with for many a long
day. Not only are the subjects badly. chosen,
but they are badly treated. Who, for instance,
cares to read a heavy dissertation on the present
state of Belgium, or to be told that the facts col-
lected by Mr. Tennent during his late three
weeks' scamper through this most uninteresting
of kingdoms, bear no slight resemblance to fic-
tions? The work, though published but the
other day, is already forgotten, and it is a foolish
as well as a hopeless attempt, to revive it.
Again, what can be a staler theme for comment
than the United States of America? Yet here
we find nearly forty pag,es,on the subject, in the
shape of a notice of "Sir Augustus Foster's
Notes," which are at present unpublished, and
which—if we may judge of the manucript by
the Reviewer's extracts—are not unlikely to re-
main so. Sir Augustus was secrettiq to the
British Legation at Washington, about the year
1806, and the following aye among the best of
his American reminiscences:—
I found among the democrats many highly respectable and
worthy persons, and even among the lowest in station of the
members of Congress several drcill, original, but unoffending
characters. Such was the tavern-keeper who committed an
act of great impropriety in my house, when I gave a ball for
the Queen's birth-day, and when, the drawing-rooms being
left empty on the company going to supper, he thought
(poor fellow !) that he was alone and unobserved ; but two
stray federal members who were rambling about espied his
attitude, and the joke was too good to be lost, so they had it in
all the papers and all over the States, in prose and verse, ring-
ing the changes on the extinction of the British fire. MY poor
guest wrote me an humble letter, saying he would rather burst
another time ; and I most graciously answered, and hoped to
lheasysedgoaginvelhdisalvlottheefosrampee for war,aeeb
and
ymysoothinghow
e; but the grace-
less it
is
by any good words to sever a party-man from the mass of
his political friends. Another original was a Philadelphian
butcher, who used to frank his linen, there having been no limits
to the privilege, and to send it to be washed at home; the
weight, however, as some of the Federalists assured me, was not
so tremendous as might he supposed for the post-bag, since he
Wasa
t hit s
p.
wnto
stall at
feast on his beef, to which he agreed; and I. profiting by a
chiaThgileadheislpshhiizt
andonly once a-week. I visited him
insisted on his giving me a
general invitation, went to his home en the banks of the De-
laware, where I really did get a luncheon of as fine beef as I ever
tasted, and had only one regret, which was, that my honest
host happened to be absent. It was told of him that at the
President's table, observing a leg of mutton of a miserably lean
description, he could not help forgetting the legislator for a few
moments, and exclaiming that at his stall no such leg of mut-
ton should ever have found a place. I also heard that, being
one day invited with several members of Congress to dine at
the President's, he took his son, the young butcher, with him,
who was a great country lout, and on going up to the Presi-
dent told him he had heard one of his guests had been taken
ill and could not come, and therefore he had brought his son
with him, who was very anxious to see him, and would not be
in the way, as there was, he knew, a spare plate. Another
eccentric member from the south, a printer and publisher,
wrote as an answer to an invitation from the President, 4' I
won't dine with you because you won't dine witt-rtie." Then
there was a tavern-keeper from thie.north,.wheiWhen elected
sheriff in his own county, used to tang criminal; itintselc tO

save a dollar, and make his son drive the cart ; yet he was by
no means an ill-meaning or uncivil person, though not parti-
cularly agreeable.
The Reviewer, referring to Sir Augustus Fos-
' ter's remarks on Moreau, whom he frequently
met while a resident at Washington, takes the
opportunity to sneer at Napoleon's Marshals—.
especially Massena. His contemptuous allusion
to this last soldier of fortune is certainly not
warranted by what we know of Massena's mili-
tary career ; for the man who chiefly helped
to gain the brilliant victory of Rivoli—who
saved France at Zurich, when all but over-
whelmed by the forces of the Coalition
Powers; and who executed that masterly retreat
through Portugal which extorted the admiration
even of his enemies, was assuredly no ordinary
commander, but one of very superior talent.
Lannes, too—the chivalrous—the intrepid—" the
Roland of the French army," as Madame Junot
calls him—surely, he was a soldier of eminence!
Marmont we give up to the Reviewer's cen-
sure, for he was a man but of secondary talent,
and wanted that first great requisite of a general,
decision. Sir Augustus does not appear to en-
tertain a high notion of the American character,
fbr an extract is given from his manuscript,
wherein he condemns Jonathan for having treated
the ashes of Washington with marked neglect;
forcing Jefferson to sell his library in his old age;
and leaving Munroe in a state almost of starva-
tion. We fear there is too much justice in this
condemnation ; and the recent letter of Presi-
dent Jackson, where he speaks of his dreadful
pecuniary embarrassments, does not tell more fa-
vourably for transatlantic generosity. " Min-
strelsy of the Bretons" would have been more
acceptable, had the Reviewer gone deeper into
the subject; but the article merely skims the
surface, and this. in no very attractive manner.
The " Australian Colonies" is a mere heavy com-
pilation, gathered from the most obvious sources.
" Swinburne's Courts of Europe" points out some
of the numerous editorial blundersin aposthurnous
work published a few mouths since, which we
also exposed in The Sun. " Whewell on Induc-
tive Sciences" is an instructive essay, but we fear
it will be caviare to most periodical writers.
The facts, too, are not well arranged, and the
style, though familiar enough, is dry and tame.
The " Budget and the Dissolution may
be surmised from its title—is a slashing
attack on some of the more recent pro-
ceedings of the Ministry. It is intended to be
smart, but is dull by nlistake. In fact, so
cruelly hard pressed is the Reviewer for jests,
that he is compelled to have recourse to O'Con-
nell's Tail, on which threadbare theme he cracks
sundry small jokes that are positively excruciat-
ing ! From one or two significant hints thrown
out in the course of this article, we infer that the
Peel section of the Tories are not disinclined to

hoist false colours, and affect Liberalism, by way
of qualifying themselves for office, for we are
told that " protecting duties are in their nature,
and by the very principles on which they were
originally founded, liable to revision, alteration,
and even extinction," which is in a great mea-
sure surrendering the question at issue between
the Whigs and Tories. This ad captandum
hint, coupled with Sir Robert Peel's praises
of " moderation" in his crafty hustings speech
at Tamworth, satisfies us that those of the faction
who side with him, will stick at nothing to regain
possession of place and pay. But the country will
not be deceived by these specious insinuations,
which are-put forth merely as feelers, for it knows
well that, however it may profess to change, and
and become moderate, Toryism is, and must be,
essentially immutable—as much so as the
laws of the Medes and Persians. Speak-
ing incidentally of the Corn-laws, the
Reviewer states "the subsistence of the people
was, until the late Budget, the first, and,
indeed, the only object of any Corn-law in Eng-
land, or in any other country that we know of."
What monstrous effrontery is this ! Who does
not know that this impost was raised for the ex-
clusive benefit of the landholders ? They had
lived in clover, and far beyond their means,
during the war, and when the peace came they
were afraid that the various alterations and re-
ductions it brought with it, would operate in-
juriously on their interests, so passed the
Corn-laws, by way of protecting themselves
at the expense of the people. But the day
of reckoning is at hand, and they know
it: hence their loud, wolfish howl against—
what they call—the quackery of Free Trade.
The article concludes with fierce abuse of Lord
Melbourne, for having, " introduced Robert
Owen to sully, the virgin presence of the Queen
with his abominable doctrines," from which it is
to be inferred,ire tpresumei that this sturdy Re-
former edified her Ma.Asty with an elaborate lec-
ture on Socialism, and did 1-qs best to persuade her
to become a convert oo his creed. This expres-
sion of amiable solicitude for Royalty comes with
peculiar propriety from faction which has never
missed an opportunity (If assailing the Queen in
the most virulent manner possible ! But the
Tories imagine that they/ere now within sight of
the Promised Land of ofit;ce ; consequently, like
the old woman in the song; they are discreetly
desirous " to moderate the rancour of their
tongues."

CHURCH OF ENGLAND QUARTERLY
REVIEW. No. XIX.

Painter, London, 1841.
The " Correspondence of Horace Walpole," the
best and completest edition of which has been
recently published by Mr. Bentley, is made the
subject of some very acrimonious strictures in
the present Number of this straight-laced periodi-
cal. There is an infinite deal of cant in their
strictures, and much twaddling criticism, for
we are gravely assured that Walpole was by
no means so brilliant a letter-writer as has been
supposed ; that he made up by blasphemous and
indelicate allusions what he lacked in smartness
and humour; and in his sketches of character was
utterly reckless of truth and propriety. The
secret of all this cynical criticism is, that he oc-
casionally indulged in an arch smile at the
ravenous clerical pluralists of his day. He dis-
believed in the " Nolo Episcopari" doctrine ; and
was doubtful whether even the gravest and mos t
decorous Bishops could be fitly considered per-
fect models of apostolical innocence, simplicity,
and disinterestedness. Above all, he accused
an Archbishop of York of having been a buc-
caneer, and indulged in the luxury of a seraglio
—a statement which he would scarcely have
dared to make, had there not been some grounds
for it, for we all know that it is only of late years
that our Bishops have been chosen for their
learning and private worth. For these hereti-
cal opinions, the Reviewer—like Twhackum in
Fielding's tale—" saddles" Horace Walpole
" with a judgment." Had he but kept his irre-
verent hands off Mother Church, not the
slightest objection would have been made to his
Correspondence; but because he declared that
the old lady was no better than she should be,
all pious and moral readers are requested to
avoid his Letters as though they were a pesti-
lence. It is late in the day to declaim against
Walpole in this puritanical fashion. He has long
since taken his proper station as an author,
and the Reviewer may be assured that his
righteous-over-much indignation will only sub-
ject him to ridicule. " University of Cambridge"
contains some useful suggestions respecting the
mode of education which should be adopted at
this great seat of learning. The following re-
marks deserve consideration :—" We can see no
good reason for the permission granted to the no-
bility to take places in the classical tripos with-
out passing through the probationary mathema-
tical ordeal. In point of the advantages and
honours of learning, it is degrading to a Univer-
sity to make a difference between her sons.
Under her fostering care the peer and the pea-
sant should run the same race with equal advan-
tages ; and then, if the noble be distanced by the
son a the shopkeeper, " palmam qui inerui,t,
ferat." "ftayth's Lectures on Modern History"
is a shallow, tamely written article; and, " Chris-
tian Politics and Conservative Prospects" abounds
in sophistical reasoning. The remaining papers
may be dismissed with the remark. that they are
neither above nor below the ordinary level.
•

FRENCH FLIRTATIONS.If flirtations exist
at Paris, they certainly are not exhibited in public ;
and those between whom they are supposed to be esta-
blished observe a ceremonious decorum towards each
other, well calculated to throw discredit on the Opposi-
tion. This appearance of reserve may be termet: hy-
pocrisy ; nevertheless, even the semblance of peopriOy
is advantageous to the interests of society ; and the
entire freedom from those marked attentions, engrossing
conversations, and from that familiarity of manner often
perMitted in England, without even a thought of evil on
the part of the women who permit these indiscretions,
leaves to Parisian circles an air of greater dignity and
decorum, although I am hot disposed to admit that the
persons who compose them really possess more dignity
y
or decorum than my hem
or Blessington's
Idler in France.
=VESSELS SPOKEN WITII—The St. Leon, from New
Orleans for Liverpool, lat. 32, lon. 78 ; Herculaneum,
from Hull for Bombay, May 2s, lat. 7 N. lon. 22 W. ;
Alexander Harvey, from Swansea for Cuba, 10th ult.,
lat. 24 lon. 31 ; Marthana, bound to London, 18th ult,
lat. 33, lon. 37 ; Atlas, bound to London, 21st ult., lat.
31, lon. 34, by the Mary Ann, arrived off Hastings.
Rival, from St. John's, N. 8., for Bahia, by the Islay,
arrived off Cork. E. Loudon, Lewis, at. 13 S., lon.
9 W • Cornelia et Henrietta, from Batavia for Amster-
dam, ' Max 17, lat. 1, lon. 23 W., by the Canton arrived
at Browershaven. Nehalrnina, from Amsterdam for
Batavia, Ist. 49, lon. 3 W., by the Amboyna, arrived at
Browershaven. Mary Sharp, from Clyde for Calcutta,
22d ult., lat. 38, lon. 13, by the William, arrived off
Dungeness. Amelia, from Rio Janeiro, Ist ult., lat. 9,
11.32, by the Pickwick, arrived at Cork.
•

MR. POWER THE COMEDIAN.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—I have just perused in your paper of yesterday
a Memoir of Mr. Power, " purporting to be taken from
the 06server," and sympathising as I most certainly do
in " the heartfelt sorrow" therein expressed, I hope I
may be excused for troubling you with a few corrections
of mis-statements and inaccuracies contained in the very
commencement of that Memoir, which I am enabled to
do in consequence of having made Mr. Power's ac-
quaintance the very day after his mother and himself
reached Cardiff, in Wales, and having been on terms of
the closest intimacy and friendship with him during the
whole of his sojourn at that place. "'he mother of Mr.
Power was not engaged in the year' 1813, or in any
other year, in the company'of Mr. Williams at that place,
but she arrived at Cardiff in 18H with her son, having
been stranded on the coast of Glamorgan, near West
Abertlaw, in a vessel bound from Waterford to Bristol,
in which they, with a few other persons, had taken a
passage. The passengers got safely on shore, saving,
most fortunately, their luggage ; and Mrs. Power, with
her son, proceeded on to Cardiff, in order to obtain a
passage by water tosßristol, there being only one coach
then on the route, 'besides the mail, and coach-travelling
consequently expensive. At Cardiff Mrs. Power en-
gaged apartments at"the house of a Mr. Ridd, a printer,
not M'Leod, who was then a schoolboy, and un-
known as a printer until many
__:ears after young
Power had left the place. What is meant by
M'Leod's company, I cannot conjecture, as he, poor fellow,
died a printer at an early age, and never had any other
company, I believe, than his fellow-workmen and asso-
ciates in the press-room ; Mr. Ridd, hearing from Mrs.
Power, who eagerly spoke of her young son's at-
tainments with the natural warm feelings of a mother,
that he was gifted with more than ordinary talents for
the stage, and perhaps (and who in this worldly world
can conscientiously blame him ?) having a view to the
printing and distribution of handbills, &c. persuaded her
to announce him for " Recitations," and scenes from dif-
ferent plays of Shakspeare, as well as that of " Douglas,"
" Alexander the Great," &c. This was done at the
Town-hall, in appropriate costume for each character,
Mrs. Power giving any female dialogue that was requi-
site, and nothing could have been more successful than
the speculation ; the Town-hall was filled with a most
delighted audience ; young Power reaped golden opi-
nions from all sorts of people, and Mrs. Power
more substantial evidences of approbation from
the good folks of Cardiff. Mr. Ridd, pleased with.
the youth's talents, good humour, and buoyant spirits,
.which were the most exuberant I ever encountered at
his age, proposed to his mother taking him as an ap-
prentice, which she readily assented to, and soon after-
wards left Cardiff. Her son continued with Mr. Ridd
until that person's embarrassments compelled him to
leave Cardiff and 115 s apprentice, for America, whence
he never returned ; so that he quitted young Power, not
the latter his employer.
During the time Mr. Power was with Ridd, Frank
Williams, who succeeded Mr. Baker as Iv manager (fa-
ther of Mr. Charles Baker, of different Metropolitan
theatres), came twice to Cardiff with his Nomadic com-
pany ; and, in order to assist his treasury, just before
the close of each season, young Power performed
several evenings with Mr. Ridd's perfect concurrence,
Mr. Williams being on each occasion much in arrears
with him for playbills, &c. The experiment turned out a
lucky one, the little theatre was, every night of Power's
performance, crammed, and the manager's exchequer
thereby amply replenished ; on. the first occasion, I be-
lieve, Mr. Power played gratuitously ; on the second, I
think, he received the proceeds of a benefit night ; but
he certainly never had any " engagement," properly so
called, with "Frank Williams.?' Now the accuracy of
the greater part of this statement can be fully ascertained
from a most respectable individual, with whom, however,
I have not the pleasure of a personal acquaint ance, but
who is known, I believe, to a great many theatrical
gentlemen, in London, namely, Mr. Adamson, the print-
dealer, &c. in Bedford-str set, Covent-garden, who, on the
two occasions I have referred to, was a member of
Frank Williams's company at Cardiff ; and in reference
to Mr. Power's birth-place, which assuredly can in no
way, either for good or evil, affect his high professional
reputation, he himself always asserted most positively
that he was a born Irishman, while many persons who
profess to know better, declare as positively that he was
born in Wales ; and I have been told by a gentleman
well known on the London boards that he had seen a copy
of the registry of Mr. Power's christening at some
parish in Brecons hire. Certainly, such an instrument,
if properly authe 'nticated and duly verified, would of
course set the mat ter at rest ; not that it can be deemed
of the slightest me ment with reference to his talents, but
it is of moment as :affecting the character of one who all
admit to have been is every sense a gentleman, for veracity;
to say nothing of that innate love of " native home," to
be without which, is to forfeit, in my judgment, the
character of a trite patriot. Mr. Power was not, in my
belief, the man toloalm himself off for what he knew he
was not, and it is, t. I think, a shame, without the most
irrefragable evidence, to persist in asserting that he did
not belong to the country he himself positively always
asserted that he did. When he arrived at Cardiff in 1811,
with his mother, he not only possessed a bit of the
brogue, of a very genuine character, but truly he was
endowed with a pretty considerable slice of that national
peculiarity, as Mr. Adamson, whom I have before named,
can, I am sure, testify ; and it marred considerably the
general good effect of his declamation ; his mother also,
Nvho in appearance and manners, was a perfect gentle-
woman, was in a slighter degree ameliable to tie
same reproach, if reproach it be considered ;
she was, as I have often been told by Mr. Power, but
never as a matter of boast, a near relative of the cele-
brated Couns eller Grattan, and that his father had been
in the army--in what situation I believe 'Dever heard.
Had there hem the slightest grounds for 14,,presenting
Mr. Power ns Welshman born, on his arrival at Car-
diff, it would manifestly have been his moth'r's policy
and interest to .do so, as it would at once haVe enlisted
the sympathy acid ardour of the natives in his behalf ;
the attachment O. f a Welshman to his country and coun-
trymen being I 'believe as enthusiastic as that oF any
people under Heaven ; but she knew there were no
grounds for such an assertion, and I hope never more to
witness any attempt' to tarnish his deservedly-high per-
sonal, and professional character, by the repetition of
assertions which impugn his character for veracity, and
thereby deeply wound the feelings of all his friends, and
they
are legion. Apologising most sincerely for in-
truding at this ilength on your time and columns, for
which my only excuse must be the old Welsh proverb,
" Yr Gwyr yr iTrbyn yr Byd"—" The truth against the
world."
I have the honour to remain, Mr. Editor,
Your very obedient servant,
Camden Town, jviy 6, 1841. P. J.

THE DIAMOND.
(From the Pelytechnic Journal.)
There appears every reason to believe that this gem
has received its name from its great degree of hardness,
for; on reference to the words used to express the same
article in different languages, a striking similarity will
at once be evident as to the identity of the terms ex-
pressed ; indeed it almost appears as if it derived its
name in the first instance from some specific property
inherent in it, and that the different languages; with but,
a few exceptions, have borrowed the word, merely al-
tering the verbage so as to coincide with the construc-
tion Of the several tongues. Thus we find that (11'61=0
is the word used by the Germans, the Dutch, French,
&c. ; demant or diamant by the Swedes ; diamante is the
word used by the Portuguese, Spaniards and Italians ;
while almas is made use of by the Russians, dyamant
by the Poles, admas by the Greeks, and Kira by the
Hindoos.
The diamond, when crystallized, is considered to be
the purest form of carbon, and it is to Lavoisier science
is indebted for the discovery, that when charcoal and this
gem are burned in oxygen gas, both substances disap-
pear, and the oxygen )ecomes converted into carbonic
acid gas. When it occurs in a pure state it is perfectly
transparent, and is possessed of a very high degree of
refractive power compared to its density. It is on this
property that its superiority over the other gems depends ;
for the rays of light, instead of passing through, as in
other precious stones, becomes refracted again to its
surface, reflecting those brilliant and beautiful tints for
which it is considered so celebrated. It is the hardest
of all known minerals, and is therefore capable of
scratching all others. Its specific gravity varies front
3.488 to 3.600, the average being 3.52. When submit-
ted to a temperature of 140 deg. of Wedgewood's Pro..
meter being rather below that at which silver melts,
it unites with the oxygen of the surrounding atmosphere
being converted into carbonic acid gas, and is entirely'
dissipated. •
Of late years considerable discussion has ensued re-
specting the origin of the diamond. Sir David Brewster
states as his opinion that it is of vegetable origin. Sir
Isaac Newton conjectured that the diamond was pro-
bably an unctuous substance coagulated ; and Sir D.
Brewster, after detailing many important facts,
considers that the conclusion is rendered the more pro-
bableviz., that the diamond
amber,origi-
nates, ,
hfmircohg
rtandeu
acl
loyn sa
oo 1 iciduai r
et i oan a o
of r
ypsetrahl
lianp
es
by other analogies,
nyeagteest,abllilematter,ce
form by time and the slow action of corpuscular forces.
India has always been famous for its diamonds, more
however on account of their superior hardness and bril-
liancy than for their size ; in this respect they cannot be
said to equal those from Brazil. Their locality is in allu-
vial sand or rubble, chiefly from the beds of rivers, and
they are usually found fur the most part in high and
rugged tracts of country, the vicinity of which Is peopled
with numerous tribes, extending from Golconda across
the interior of Orissa, The principal mines in former
times were those of Raolconda, Color, and Sumbulpeor.
At Raolconda the diamonds occur in narrow veins tra-
versing the rock, and mixed with the sand and earth
which fill their cavities. At Galia Color they are met
with in the soil of a plain, which stretches along the foot
o. , weighing
f some high mountains, and are found here
from ten to forty carats or more ; they were accidentally
met i.v..'tli in this situation by a countryman,lsitione of these
who, on
digging h.'s ground to sow milleti,mseet to a
general search,
stones of gi:eat size. This gave i
fourteen feet, until they
even to the detnth of fromteontwo,asb
the earth with ; it
found water, vrh,:ch served t
period,
60,000 persons were
is even stated that, at: one
is
h place. At Sumbulpoor,
employed in the scan 'lr at
1
in Be nd in the sand and gravel of the
ng al, they. are fou
i'nto the Mahanuddy. As re-
river Gouel, which falls
obtained
from this locality, they
arc b no means so large
gards the size o f those as those from Color, which
yielded Shah Jehan,
the celebrated. stone, weighing 793
of
visited this mine 60,000 persons
carats. When Tav_eurn
of
late,
from some cause or other,
were employed ; b t
worked, probably from the supply
it has not been much
having become so exhausted as not to make it wort
while to continue operations.
The diamond mines of Brazil were discovered in
1728, and yielded such an abundant supply to the mar-
ket as to lead the
Portuguese Government to limit the
employed to seek for them. Large
number of persons
• ends do not, however, abound in this countr ,
although tome of considerable sue We been occasionally

4
met with. The European market is chiefly supplied
from the mines of Serro do Frio.

Of all the depositaries of diamonds, 'the most cele-
brated is the river Jiquitonhonha, which flows nearly
as broad as the Thames at Windsor. When worked, the
channel is turned aside, either by canals or pumps, and
the earth from the bottom dug out. The cascaiho is then
laid in heaps by the side of a flooring divided into
various compartments, into each of which a current of
water is admitted. While this passes through, the cas-
calho is kept in constant motion by raking it till the
earthy particles are washed away. The negro sta-
tioned at each compartment then begins a most diligent
search for diamonds. When he finds ene he clasps his;',
hands, and holds it up between his forefinger and thumb,:
to the overseer, who places it in a bowl suspended from
the centre of the shed. When a negro presents a stone-
of oeventeen carats and a half, he receives his liberty ;
and handsome presents are given whenever any diamond.
of inferior, though of considerable size, is found.
The ,putting and polishing of diamonds was first in-
troduced
in the year 1456 by Louis Berghen, a native or
•
Bruges, wil'o found that, on rubbing two stones together.
a new facet ss:as
produced, a discovery the result only of
accident. A w.heel was subsequently invented which
was made to revoCe rapidly, and was fed with diamond
powder instead of csalifidrum, which was formerly used
by the Ilindoos and Chn:ese, and this probably was the
method employed in the mast remote ages in Asia.- The
descendants of the celebrated diamond-polishers of Gol-
conda are still to be found at Muni Mudgoo, in the Pun-
chapoliam taluk near Gooty.
The following are the most remarkable diamones an
record. The largest that is known seems to be that sf
the Rajah of Matan, in the East bakes. It is of the:.
purest water, and weighs 367 carats, or, at the rate of 4
grains to a carat, upwards of three ounces troy. It is
shaped like an egg, with an indented hollow near the
smaller end. It was discovered by Landak about 100
years ago, and though the possession of it has cost se-
veral wars, it has remained in the Mattan family for 90
years. A governor of Batavia, after ascertaining the
qualities of the ger°, wished to be the purchaser, and
offered 150,000 dollars for it, besides two war-brigs with
their guns and ammunition, together with a certain num-
ber of great guns and a quantity of powder and shot;
but this diamond possessed such celebrity in India, and.
was regarded as a talisman involving the fortunes of the
Rajah and his family, that he refused to part with it at
any price. The diamond possessed in the time of the
traveller Tavernier by the Emperor of Mogul, a king-
dom now no more, weighed 279 carats, and was reckoned
worth upwards of 400,0001. It is said to have lost half
of its original weight in cutting. After these prodigious
gems, tLe next -are-1. that of the Emperor of Russia,
bought by the late Empress Catherine, which weighs 194,
carats ; it is said to be of the size of a pfgeen's egg,
and to have been bought for 90,0001., besides an annuity
to the Greek merchant of 4,000/. It is reported that
the above diamond formed one of the eyes of tine famous
statue of Sheringan, in the temple of Brame, :slid that
a French grenadier, who bad deserted into the Valabar
service, found the means of robbing the pagoda this
precious gem, and escaped with it to Madras, where he
disposed of it to a ship captain for 2,0081., who resold .it
to a Jew for 12,000/. ; from him it was transferred for a
large sum to the Greek merchant. 2. That of the Em-
peror of Austria, which weighs 139 carats, and has m
slightly yellowish hue ; it has, however, been valued at
100,0001. 3. That of the King of France, called the Re-
gent or Pitt diamond, remarkable for its form and its
perfect limpidity. Although it weighs only 136 carats,
its fine qualities have caused it to be valued at 160,0004
though it cost only 100,000/.

RIOT AT AIRDRIE.—During the taking of the
poll, and subsequent to it, on Friday last, the town of
Airdrie was the scene of much confusion and disorder, in-
cluding injury to the person and destruction to property.
After the poll had closed, the mob fell upon the house in
which Mr. Baird's Committee met, smashed the windows
and endeavoured to force an entrance, but fortunately
those inside were enabled to barricade the doors, and the
others who did not choose to stand a siege, escaped by
the backway. In the meantime respectable persons were
knocked down, and severely injured in the street, and
when the rioters could get no more of this class to as-
sault, they knocked down each other. About eigh t o'clock,.
matters wore such a very alarming appearance, that
two Bailies, in the absence of the Provost, concurred
in sending a written report of the state of the
town to the Sheriff, and expressing the belief that
unless the military were sent to their aid, neither life
nor property would be safe. This was despatched by
a messenger on horseback, who at once carried his com-
munication to the Police-office here, when Capt. Miller
immediately proceeded to Possil, the residence of Sheriff'
Alison, having in the interval apprised the commanding
officer at the Cavalry Barracks that his services would
in all likelihood be forthwith required. •The Sheriff imp
mediately called out a party of the Lancers, and as they
had been warned beforehand, the men were speedily in
their saddles, and accompanied by Mr. Alison, they
went along at a rapid rate, and reached Airdrie about
midnight. But here, instead of uproar and bloodshed,
the military found all the quiet of a rural village Sab-
bath, and topers and rioters alike at rest. The Bathes
who had sent for the Sheriff and military Were not to be
found, and the police or town guard only knew that a
riot had taken place, but they knew nothing of the
ringleaders. There was neither preparation nor re,
f.eshment for the military, although they had ridden .
ten miles in the dead of night, and. after a brief &-
lay, the Sheriff and the Lancers retraced their steps to
Glasgow, with the impression, we believe, that they had
bim very scurvily treated by the authorities of Airdrie.
—Edinburgh Courant.
BRIGHTON, JULY 5. The Pavilion at
Brighton is undergoing external repair. The windows
in the dome copula are painted of a lighter colour than
they were before, and have a much better effect, It was
sonic time since said that her Majesty intended honour-
ing Brighton with her presence, and the above eirtu n-
stance is looked upon as an encouragement to the hope
of a Royal visit.
STEAMERS ON THE NEVA.—A St. Peters-
burgh letter says—" We have now afloat on the Neva
34 steam vessels, of which 15 belong to the Crown, and
the rest to Companies or individuals. These last are,
fur the most part, employed as packets between the
capital and Cronstadt, Peterhoff, Oranienbaume, and
• Schleysebourg. Besides these there are seven constantly
running between this.city, Lubeck, Copenhagen, Havre,
London, and Stockholm."

Mr. Lyall, the newly-elected Tory Member for
London, is a native of Gateshead. His father was a .
small shipowner, resident in this borough ; but removing
to London, he acquired a fortune by honourable and
successful industry, which bas been largely increased by
his son.—Gateshead Observer.

LOCOMOTIVE FOR COMMON ROADS.--A gen-
tleman residing at Southwell, Dr. Calvert, has con-
structed a machine, which he purposes to call." The
Alternate," because he rides or walks in turn according
to the ascending orilescending inclination of the road he
travels. By merely rising from his seat, and throwing
part of the weight of the body upon the hands placed on
a guiding bar, he walks with less fatigue than he could
do without the machine, especially where the ascent is
not very steep. On descending he sits down and rides
at his ease with considerable speed. The propelling ac-
tion (the most powerful that can be exerted, and one of
the most lasting) is that of rowing.—Nottingham Journal.

The
are three
It is stated that the distribution of their colours
to the new regiments of infantry and cavalry will take place
stilln w
encampedregiments a
to fLHus-
islarsurinagndtthheaFteorfeschofasJsueluyr.s,
which
vile, are to set out in a few days for Paris; and three squadrons
from each of these regiments, on the full war .oetin •g,
together
with two battalions from each of the 12 regiments of •
new
fantry, are to be present at the ceremony. In consequence of
this augmentation of force, the French army comprises 100 re-
giments of infantry, with 300 b 11'and 630 f
atta ions, regiments
cavalry, with 315 squadrons.
GENERAL ELECTION.—We do not deny—it
would be puerile—that we are somewhat disappointed with
some of the results of the General Election. But, untoward it
they are, we are by no means so anxious as many of our fries
seem to he, of the ultimate result. At all events, it is the
bounden duty of every man, ne cedt malis—sed contra audea-i
tior ito! In Ireland, where, except in the North, we have an
honest and a pure constituency, we must work them well.
Whatever effect the returns may produce in the new Parla-
ment. in Ireland. at all events, we shall have three-fifths of the
Members.—Dublin Evening Post.
INFANTINE DEPB.AVlTY.—Yesterday, three
children, ranging from about 10 to 13 years of age, were
•ce raagistrate, Liverpool, charged
placed before the poll
shawl from the shop of Mr.
with having stolen
which. they had entered under the
Williams, mercer,
of ribbon. The
pretence of purchasing a pennyworth
a girl, was seen by a person in the
r
youngest pri the
shawl from a window, underneath which
shop pulling
holding
should a )ask et to receive the article when it
she wasfall.
The trio were seized, and while a police
offieer was being brought, they were taken into the
house. One of them coolly proposed that they should
dance "Jim Crow " until the arrival of the officer. All
•
the prisoners had made from a dozen to fifteen visits to
the Police-office, and had been several times committed
to gaol. They were agaip sent thither for a period of
three months, and on leaving the bar one of them ex-
claimed Three months for stealing a shawl !"—Liver-
pool Times.
We have given and maintained liberty to Eng-
land ; we will do it again. Without Ireland and her
representatives the Reform Bill could not have been
carried. Without Ireland and the Irish Members,
the Reform Bill would have been long since re-
pealed. We care not. therefore, for an English
jority against us. We will maintain an Irish' ma-
jority in favour of freedom. We are a nation, men of
generous hearts and bold spirits; we will, as ever, aid
England in her struggle for justice and freedom ; but if
she fail, and if Orange domination seek to establish itself
again amongst us, we are, we must, be ready to adopt all
and whatever means freemen may use to protect their
independence and their religion, the sacredness of their
homes and the honour of their country.—Cork Southern
•
Replrter.
On Sunday night, about nine o'clock, as Mr.
Noble, cabinet-maker, of Marylebone, was proceeding through
West-street, Smithfield, he was stopped and surrounded by a
daring gang of thieves, some of whom pinioned his arms,
whilst one of the ruffian,: dragged his watch, chain, and seals
from his fob, and handed them over to a woman, who ran off
with them. After threatening and ill-using Mr. Noble. the
party escaped. Information was immediately given to Elliott,
132, G division, who from the description given of the party
knew the whole of them, and succeeded in apprehending the
woman to whom the property was handed, and there is every
probability of her companions being shortly in custody. • At
the station-house, she gave her name Jane Smith, and she was
recognised as a notorious thief and street-walker, who had
been frequently in custody, and connected with the above gang.
She was remanded to afford an opportunity of tracing the
property and bringing the other delinquents to justice The
above spot, Turnmill-street, and Cow-cross are infested with
a notorious gang of thieves, and it is highly
dangerous for any
respectable person to pass through them at night.

v
• • * •

.i. .."